Water resources data for Iowa for the 2002 water year consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, and/or contents of lakes and reservoirs; ground water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This report volume contains discharge records for 95 gaging stations; stage or contents for 6 lakes and reservoirs and 7 streams; water quality for 1 stream-gaging station; sediment records for 10 stream-gaging stations; and precipitation record for 7 precipitation stations. Also included are data for 58 crest-stage partial record stations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrIA021","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Geological Survey Bureau), Iowa Department of Transportation, and with Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Nalley, G., Gorman, J., Goodrich, R., Miller, V., Turco, M., and Linhart, S.M., 2003, Water resources data, Iowa, water year 2002--Volume 1. surface water—Mississippi River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report IA-02-1, xiii, 361 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrIA021.","productDescription":"xiii, 361 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2001-10-01","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":181821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5335,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/WDRIA021","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.6806640625,\n 40.59727063442027\n ],\n [\n -92.801513671875,\n 40.79717741518769\n ],\n [\n -93.05419921875,\n 40.85537053192494\n ],\n [\n -93.328857421875,\n 40.95501133048619\n ],\n [\n -93.55957031249999,\n 40.97160353279909\n ],\n [\n -93.878173828125,\n 40.88860081193033\n ],\n [\n -94.185791015625,\n 41.062786068733026\n ],\n [\n -94.41650390625,\n 41.343824581185686\n ],\n [\n -94.68017578125,\n 41.566141964768384\n ],\n [\n -94.7900390625,\n 41.84501267270692\n ],\n [\n -94.98779296875,\n 42.22851735620852\n ],\n [\n -95.09765625,\n 42.415346114253616\n ],\n [\n -95.284423828125,\n 42.58544425738491\n ],\n [\n -95.350341796875,\n 42.68243539838623\n ],\n [\n -95.526123046875,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -95.38330078125,\n 42.98053954751642\n ],\n [\n -95.284423828125,\n 43.213183300738876\n ],\n [\n -95.185546875,\n 43.45291889355468\n ],\n [\n -95.218505859375,\n 43.50872101129684\n ],\n [\n -91.25244140624999,\n 43.52465500687188\n ],\n [\n -91.23046875,\n 43.37311218382002\n ],\n [\n -91.043701171875,\n 43.26920624914966\n ],\n [\n -91.175537109375,\n 43.12504316740127\n ],\n [\n -91.153564453125,\n 42.867912483915305\n ],\n [\n -91.065673828125,\n 42.755079545072135\n ],\n [\n -90.68115234375,\n 42.64204079304428\n ],\n [\n -90.648193359375,\n 42.52069952914966\n ],\n [\n -90.384521484375,\n 42.334184385939416\n ],\n [\n -90.384521484375,\n 42.25291778330197\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 42.10637370579324\n ],\n [\n -90.142822265625,\n 41.918628865183045\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 41.795888098191426\n ],\n [\n -90.296630859375,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -90.296630859375,\n 41.6154423246811\n ],\n [\n -90.46142578125,\n 41.52502957323801\n ],\n [\n -90.615234375,\n 41.475660200278234\n ],\n [\n -90.791015625,\n 41.46742831254428\n ],\n [\n -90.999755859375,\n 41.42625319507272\n ],\n [\n -91.12060546875,\n 41.21172151054787\n ],\n [\n -91.03271484375,\n 41.178653972331674\n ],\n [\n -90.977783203125,\n 41.178653972331674\n ],\n [\n -90.95581054687499,\n 41.054501963290505\n ],\n [\n -90.95581054687499,\n 40.93011520598305\n ],\n [\n -91.065673828125,\n 40.82212357516945\n ],\n [\n -91.131591796875,\n 40.622291783092706\n ],\n [\n -91.285400390625,\n 40.622291783092706\n ],\n [\n -91.373291015625,\n 40.54720023441049\n ],\n [\n -91.373291015625,\n 40.47202439692057\n ],\n [\n -91.38427734374999,\n 40.38002840251183\n ],\n [\n -91.5380859375,\n 40.43858586704328\n ],\n [\n -91.73583984374999,\n 40.58058466412764\n ],\n [\n -92.6806640625,\n 40.59727063442027\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","tableOfContents":"Preface
Surface-water stations, in downstream order, for which records are published in this volume
Discontinued surface-water discharge or stage-only stations
Discontinued surface-water-quality stations
Introduction
Cooperation
Summary of hydrologic conditions
Surface Water
Suspended Sediment
Ground-Water-Level Observation Network
Surface-Water Quality
Ground-Water Quality
Ground-Water Monitoring Network
Special networks and programs
Explanation of the records
Station Identification Numbers
Downstream Order System
Latitude-Longitude System
Numbering System For Wells
Records of Stage and Water Discharge
Data Collection and Computation
Data Presentation
Identifying Estimated Daily Discharge
Accuracy of the Records
Other Records Available
Records of Surface-Water Quality
Classification of Records
Arrangement of Records
On-Site Measurements and Sample Collection
Water Temperature and Specific Conductance
Sediment
Laboratory Measurements
Data Presentation
Remark Codes
Water Quality-Control Data
Dissolved Trace-Element Concentrations
Change in National Trends Network Procedures
Records of Ground-Water Levels
Data Collection and Computation
Data Presentation
Records of Ground-Water Quality
Data Presentation
Explanation of Quality of Ground-Water Data Tables
Access to USGS water data
Definition of terms
Publications on Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey
Station records, surface water
Crest-stage partial-record stations
Index
Bats are ecologically and economically important mammals. The life histories of bats (particularly their low reproductive rates and the need for some species to gather in large aggregations at limited numbers of roosting sites) make their populations vulnerable to declines. Many of the species of bats in the United States (U.S.) and territories are categorized as endangered or threatened, have been candidates for such categories, or are considered species of concern. The importance and vulnerability of bat populations makes monitoring trends in their populations a goal for their future management. However, scientifically rigorous monitoring of bat populations requires well-planned, statistically defensible efforts. This volume reports findings of an expert workshop held to examine the topic of monitoring populations of bats. The workshop participants included leading experts in sampling and analysis of wildlife populations, as well as experts in the biology and conservation of bats. Findings are reported in this volume under two sections. Part I of the report presents contributed papers that provide overviews of past and current efforts at monitoring trends in populations of bats in the U.S. and territories. These papers consider current techniques and problems, and summarize what is known about the status and trends in populations of selected groups of bats. The contributed papers in Part I also include a description of the monitoring program developed for bat populations in the United Kingdom, a critique of monitoring programs in wildlife in general with recommendations for survey and sampling strategies, and a compilation and analysis of existing data on trends in bats of the U.S. and territories. Efforts directed at monitoring bat populations are piecemeal and have shortcomings. In Part II of the report, the workshop participants provide critical analyses of these problems and develop recommendations for improving methods, defining objectives and priorities, gaining mandates, and enhancing information exchange to facilitate future efforts for monitoring trends in U.S. bat populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"2003, Monitoring trends in bat populations of the United States and territories: Problems and prospects: Information and Technology Report 2003-0003, viii, 274 p.","productDescription":"viii, 274 p.","numberOfPages":"287","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177979,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/itr030003.PNG"},{"id":320299,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/itr/2003/0003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69902d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630530,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bogan, M. A.","contributorId":58962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630531,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":54082,"text":"wdrWY022 - 2003 - Wyoming Water Resources Data, Water Year 2002, Volume 2. Ground Water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:37","indexId":"wdrWY022","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"WY-02-2","title":"Wyoming Water Resources Data, Water Year 2002, Volume 2. Ground Water","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 2002 water year for Wyoming consists of records of stage, discharge and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs, and water levels and water quality of ground water. Volume 1 of this report contains discharge records for 156 gaging stations; water quality for 33 gaging stations and 34 ungaged stations, and stage and contents for one reservoir. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data together with the data in Volume 2 represent part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Wyoming.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrWY022","usgsCitation":"Swanson, R.B., Blajszczak, E., Roberts, S., Watson, K., and Mason, J.P., 2003, Wyoming Water Resources Data, Water Year 2002, Volume 2. Ground Water: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report WY-02-2, 140 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrWY022.","productDescription":"140 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5522,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/WDRWY02/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":178109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de556","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, R. B.","contributorId":10032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"R.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blajszczak, E.J.","contributorId":64323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blajszczak","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roberts, S.C.","contributorId":6521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watson, K.R.","contributorId":79544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mason, J. P.","contributorId":27491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"J.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":54267,"text":"wri034311 - 2003 - Effects of abandoned coal-mine drainage on streamflow and water quality in the Shamokin Creek Basin, Northumberland and Columbia Counties, Pennsylvania, 1999-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-27T12:21:15","indexId":"wri034311","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4311","title":"Effects of abandoned coal-mine drainage on streamflow and water quality in the Shamokin Creek Basin, Northumberland and Columbia Counties, Pennsylvania, 1999-2001","docAbstract":"This report assesses the contaminant loading, effects to receiving streams, and possible remedial alternatives for abandoned mine drainage (AMD) within the upper Shamokin Creek Basin in east-central Pennsylvania. The upper Shamokin Creek Basin encompasses an area of 54 square miles (140 square kilometers) within the Western Middle Anthracite Field, including and upstream of the city of Shamokin. Elevated concentrations of acidity, metals, and sulfate in the AMD from flooded underground anthracite coal mines and (or) unreclaimed culm (waste rock) piles degrade the aquatic ecosystem and water quality of Shamokin Creek to its mouth and along many of its tributaries within the upper basin. Despite dilution by unpolluted streams that more than doubles the streamflow of Shamokin Creek in the lower basin, AMD contamination and ecological impairment persist to its mouth on the Susquehanna River at Sunbury, 20 miles (32 kilometers) downstream from the mined area.
Aquatic ecological surveys were conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with Bucknell University (BU) and the Northumberland County Conservation District (NCCD) at six stream sites in October 1999 and repeated in 2000 and 2001 on Shamokin Creek below Shamokin and at Sunbury. In 1999, fish were absent from Quaker Run and Shamokin Creek upstream of its confluence with Carbon Run; however, creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) were present within three sampled reaches of Carbon Run. During 1999, 2000, and 2001, six or more species of fish were identified in Shamokin Creek below Shamokin and at Sunbury despite ph as low as 4.2 at Sunbury and elevated concentrations of dissolved iron and iron-encrusted streambeds at these sites.
Data on the flow rate and chemistry for 46 AMD sources and 22 stream sites throughout the upper basin plus 1 stream site at Sunbury were collected by the USGS with assistance from BU and the Shamokin Creek Restoration Alliance (SCRA) during low base-flow conditions in August 1999 and high baseflow conditions in March 2000. The water-quality data were used to determine priority ranks of the AMD sources on the basis of loadings of iron, manganese, and aluminum and to identify possible remedial alternatives, including passive-treatment options, for consideration by water-resource managers. The ranking sequence for the top AMD sources based on the high base-flow data generally matched that based on the low base-flow data. The contaminant loadings generally increased with flow, and 10 previously identified intermittent AMD sources were not discharging during the low base-flow sampling period. The top 3 AMD sources (SR19, SR12, and SR49) on the basis of dissolved metals loading in March 2000 accounted for more than 50 percent of the metals loading to Shamokin Creek, whereas the top 15 AMD sources accounted for more than 98 percent of the metals loading. When sampled in March 2000, these AMD sources had flow rates ranging from 0.7 to 19 cubic feet per second (1,138 to 32,285 liters per minute) and pH from 3.5 to 6.4 standard units. Only 1 of the top 15 AMD sources (SR21) was net alkaline (alkalinity > acidity); the others were net acidic and will require additional alkalinity to facilitate metals removal and maintain near-neutral pH. For the top 15 AMD sources, dissolved iron was the principal source of acidity and metals loading; concentrations of iron ranged from 3.7 to 57 milligrams per liter. Dissolved manganese ranged from 1.8 to 7.1 milligrams per liter. Dissolved aluminum exceeded 3.8 milligrams per liter at six of the sites but was less than 0.2 milligram per liter at six others.
Alkalinity can be acquired by the dissolution of limestone and (or) bacterial sulfate reduction within various passive-treatment systems including anoxic or oxic limestone drains, limestone- lined channels, or compost wetlands. Subsequently, the gradual oxidation and consequent precipitation of iron and manganese can be accommodated within settling ponds or aerobic wetlands. Assuming an iron removal rate of 180 pounds per acre per day (20 grams per square meter per day), constructed treatment wetlands at the top 15 AMD sites would require a minimum area ranging from 0.1 to 17.8 acres (405 to 71,670 square meters). Implementation of passive treatment would not be feasible at most of the top 15 and many lower priority AMD sites considering the proximity of many discharges to streams, roads, or railroads, and the limited availability or access to land at the discharge location. The reduction of infiltration and removal of culm waste and (or) the relocation of the discharge to nearby areas could decrease the AMD quantities and facilitate treatment at some of the priority AMD sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri034311","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Northumberland County Conservation District, Bucknell University, and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection ","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C.A., and Kirby, C.S., 2003, Effects of abandoned coal-mine drainage on streamflow and water quality in the Shamokin Creek Basin, Northumberland and Columbia Counties, Pennsylvania, 1999-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4311, viii, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034311.","productDescription":"viii, 53 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4311/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":5379,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4311/wri20034311.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.02 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2003-4311"}],"contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070