Aqueous film-forming foams historically were used during fire training activities on Joint Base Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and created an extensive per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) groundwater contamination plume. The potential for PFAS bioconcentration from exposure to the contaminated groundwater, which discharges to surface water bodies, was assessed with mobile-laboratory experiments using groundwater from the contamination plume and a nearby reference location. The on-site continuous-flow 21-day exposures used male and female fathead minnows, freshwater mussels, polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS), and polyethylene tube samplers (PETS) to evaluate biotic and abiotic uptake. The composition of the PFAS-contaminated groundwater was complex and 9 PFAS were detected in the reference groundwater and 17 PFAS were detected in the contaminated groundwater. The summed PFAS concentrations ranged from 120 to 140 ng L–1 in reference groundwater and 6100 to 15,000 ng L–1 in contaminated groundwater. Biotic concentration factors (CFb) for individual PFAS were species, sex, source, and compound-specific and ranged from 2.9 to 1000 L kg–1 in whole-body male fish exposed to contaminated groundwater for 21 days. The fish and mussel CFb generally increased with increasing fluorocarbon chain length and were greater for sulfonates than for carboxylates. The exception was perfluorohexane sulfonate, which deviated from the linear trend and had a 10-fold difference in CFb between sites, possibly because of biotransformation of precursors such as perfluorohexane sulfonamide. Uptake for most PFAS in male fish was linear over time, whereas female fish had bilinear uptake indicated by an initial increase in tissue concentrations followed by a decrease. Uptake of PFAS was less for mussels (maximum CFb = 200) than for fish, and mussel uptake of most PFAS also was bilinear. Although abiotic concentration factors were greater than CFb, and values for POCIS were greater than for PETS, passive samplers were useful for assessing PFAS that potentially bioconcentrate in fish but are present at concentrations below method quantitation limits in water. Passive samplers also accumulate short-chain PFAS that are not bioconcentrated.
The relative quantities of ore mined and waste rock (i.e., overburden) removed to produce the rare earth elements—their rock-to-metal ratios—were calculated for 21 individual operations or regions covering nearly all mine production in 2018. The results indicate that the rock-to-metal ratios for the total rare earth elements ranged from a low of 1.6 × 101 to a high of 3.6 × 103, with operations in Brazil and Russia having the lowest ratios and ion-adsorption clays operations in China and Myanmar having the highest. For comparison, the global average rock-to-metal ratio for the total rare earth elements (9.8 × 102) fell between that of cobalt (8.6 × 102) and tungsten (1.1 × 103). Driven by their relative abundance in the ore and unit prices that were used in the economic allocation of the environmental burdens, the global rock-to-metal ratio for individual rare earth elements was lowest for cerium (2.3 × 101) and lanthanum (7.7 × 101) and highest for dysprosium (1.7 × 104), terbium (3.7 × 104), and lutetium (6.4 × 104). Like the rock-to-metal ratios for the total rare earth elements, rock-to-metal ratios for individual rare earth elements varied by roughly two orders of magnitude among the various operations examined. An alternative perspective of only accounting for the overburden that is physically removed in ion-adsorption clays in-situ operations yielded global rock-to-metal ratios that were an order of magnitude lower or less for many of the rare earth elements.
The Allatoona thrust fault in the southernmost hinterland of the Appalachian Blue Ridge-Piedmont megathrust sheet is among the latest structures in the kinematic sequence of events along the west flank of the orogen. It is an out-of-sequence, craton-directed thrust fault that cuts metamorphic isograds and earlier thrusts, and it has a nearly linear trace of ≥280 km, making it one of the major thrust faults in the orogen. On the northwest, the fault cuts Pennsylvanian or younger(?) regional cross antiforms that cause significant orogenic curvature of older underlying thrust sheets and is likely Permian in age. To the southeast, however, units within the fault hanging wall maintain a nearly constant width resulting in a significant change in the regional structural architecture of the orogen. In the central segment of the fault, where it marks the western/eastern Blue Ridge domain boundary, a ~20 km-long eyelid window (Mulberry Rock window) framed by three amphibolite facies thrust sheets overlying the greenschist facies Talladega belt allochthon, allows a 3-D view into the structural architecture, kinematics, and trajectories of the regional thrusts. Two earlier thrusts within the window (Mulberry Rock and Burnt Hickory Ridge thrusts, with a combined minimum horizontal net slip component of 27 km) are cut by the Allatoona fault, which is a ~15 m-wide high strain zone with top-to-the-northwest displacement, and a >17.2 km horizontal net slip vector. Structural branch points between the Allatoona and Mulberry Rock thrusts indicate that the Mulberry Rock allochthon is a large north-trending horse beneath the Allatoona fault, centered on the Mulberry Rock window, which is likely the result of oblique ramp thrusting over the massive Mulberry Rock Gneiss. The Allatoona fault cuts down obliquely into the tectonostratigraphy progressively deeper both to the northeast and northwest, locally approaching underlying foreland thrust sheets, and cutting older regional structures. To the northeast, the Allatoona fault lies at the base of the Dahlonega gold belt, becoming an internal eastern Blue Ridge thrust at Dawsonville, Georgia. Although that sequence extends another 120 km into North Carolina, continuation of the Allatoona fault that additional distance is in debate. Regardless, the Allatoona is one of the kinematically latest and longest faults in the southern Appalachian orogen.
The supply of aluminum (Al) and manganese (Mn) to the Gulf of Alaska from coastal sources is poorly constrained. Here, we investigate the seasonality of sources to better constrain Al and Mn cycling in the coastal Gulf of Alaska region and add to our understanding of seasonal and interannual inputs. We examine Mn and Al behavior over the shelf to distinguish between redox-induced release of dissolved trace metals (i.e., diffusion from sediments), sediment resuspension, and meltwater release. Data suggest that, prior to the onset of stratification in the spring, shelf sediment resuspension from deep mixing is an important mechanism for trace metal delivery to surface waters. As spring and summer ensue, increased meltwater discharge coupled with increased surface water temperatures result in stratification of the water column within the coastal Gulf of Alaska, and meltwater becomes a more important source of Al and Mn to the surface waters. The limited data available suggest that a redox-driven flux of Mn from shelf sediments is not as important as the meltwater flux during the summer. In addition, dissolved trace metal concentrations in meltwater-influenced plumes over the shelf exhibit conservative mixing, while particulate trace metal concentrations do not behave conservatively. This indicates that there are different physical controls (particle settling vs. mixing) on the spatial distributions of dissolved and particulate Al and Mn in coastal waters, the manifestation of which are likely highly variable and dependent on the trace metal composition of the river and the hydrodynamics governing this interaction at any given time.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASLO","doi":"10.1002/lno.12339","usgsCitation":"Michael, S.M., Crusius, J., Schroth, A.W., Campbell, R., and Resing, J., 2023, Glacial meltwater and sediment resuspension can be important sources of dissolved and total dissolvable aluminum and manganese to coastal ocean surface waters: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 68, no. 6, p. 1201-1215, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12339.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1201","endPage":"1215","ipdsId":"IP-139962","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12339","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":502746,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.03959961442,\n 60.001866325768816\n ],\n [\n -152.03959961442,\n 56.73316460909248\n ],\n [\n -136.75282137237863,\n 56.73316460909248\n ],\n [\n -136.75282137237863,\n 60.001866325768816\n ],\n [\n -152.03959961442,\n 60.001866325768816\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michael, Susanna M. 0000-0002-0675-7587","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0675-7587","contributorId":369835,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michael","given":"Susanna","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":87873,"text":"UW School of Oceanography (PhD student)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schroth, Andrew W. 0000-0001-5553-3208","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5553-3208","contributorId":369836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schroth","given":"Andrew","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":87874,"text":"U. Vermont Dept. of Geology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell, Robert 0000-0002-7112-4292","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7112-4292","contributorId":369837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":13600,"text":"Prince William Sound Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Resing, Joseph A. 0000-0002-7334-4176","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-4176","contributorId":206625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Resing","given":"Joseph A.","affiliations":[{"id":37355,"text":"University of Washington; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and the 20 Ocean; Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70241815,"text":"70241815 - 2023 - Drought survival strategies differ between coastal and montane conifers in northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-28T11:52:01.349304","indexId":"70241815","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-26T06:49:57","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drought survival strategies differ between coastal and montane conifers in northern California","docAbstract":"Increasingly severe and prolonged droughts are contributing to tree stress and forest mortality across western North America. However, in many cases, we currently have poor information concerning how drought responses in forests vary in relation to competition, climate, and site and tree characteristics. We used annual tree ring evidence of 13C discrimination (Δ13C) and growth metrics to assess drought resistance and resilience for six conifer species at the intersection of several bioregions in northern California. Within each species' range in northern California, we collected competition and tree characteristics from 270 focal trees across sites that varied from wetter to drier habitat conditions (54 sites). Across sites, all six conifer species weathered the severe 2013–2015 drought with reasonably high resistance and post-drought resilience. However, we found important differences in drought responses between coastal and montane species based on annual growth and Δ13C metrics. Broadly, the two coastal species showed consistent declines in drought resistance across successive drought years, whereas the four montane species maintained high drought resistance across drought years. More specifically, we found lower Δ13C and growth during drought years in coastal species, suggesting stomatal closure during drought with the potential for vulnerability to carbon depletion during long-term drought. Conversely, Δ13C and growth were stable in montane species throughout the drought, which may contribute to hydraulic failure under increased drought frequency and/or severity. We also evaluated environmental factors that affect Δ13C using data from before and during the drought. These physiological models were consistent for the two coastal species, with a positive relationship between annual precipitation and Δ13C and a negative relationship between tree density and Δ13C. Conversely, the four montane models illustrated a greater importance of site conditions on drought responses for these species. Our findings show differential risk for drought stress across diverse conifers during severe drought. This work highlights the importance of site and tree characteristics in determining drought responses across cool, annually humid coastal habitats to seasonally dry montane habitats.
It is well documented that the recovery of dryland plant communities following wildfire can be variable, and that legacies of fire can have long-lasting effects on aboveground plant communities. However, our understanding of the degree to which dryland soil seed banks, or the viable seeds in situ, are impacted by fire and their subsequent postfire succession remains extremely poor. To address this important knowledge gap, we used a time-since-fire approach to investigate soil seed bank community changes approximately 15 and 30 years after wildfire and to determine the influence of microsites (e.g., shrub vs. interspace) on seed bank composition. We assessed soil seed bank metrics across four North American deserts, including two cold desert sites (Colorado Plateau and Great Basin) and two warm desert sites (Chihuahuan and Sonoran). In greenhouse emergence trials, we found that seed bank characteristics diverged between warm and cold desert sites, such that warm desert sites had seed banks dominated by annual plants while our cold desert sites had seed banks with greater proportions of perennial species, regardless of fire history. In cold desert sites, fire significantly altered seed bank species composition even 30 years after fire. Shrub versus interspace microsites had no observed influence on seed bank composition in any desert. However, seed bank species richness was greater under shrubs in both warm deserts. Non-native species were present in the seed banks of all deserts and some were particularly abundant in the burned sites. Despite the presence of native species in both burned and unburned seed banks, the presence of non-native species suggests some degree of vulnerability to future disturbances because fire can create amplifying feedback with many non-native plants. Our results highlight strong differences in fires' relationship with seed banks for warm and cold desert sites and lend insight into how fire relates to the composition and diversity of the seeds that play a fundamental role in future plant communities.
Greater drought frequency and severity due to climate change will result in greater drawdown of water storage reservoirs. However, changes to oxythermal regimes due to drawdown are reservoir specific and interface with fish species-specific habitat requirements, producing varying effects on coldwater fish populations. We examined the effect of drawdown on the oxythermal habitat and relative abundance of kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka, a coldwater salmonid, in Island Park Reservoir on the Henrys Fork of the Snake River, Idaho. A measure of relative kokanee abundance was negatively, exponentially related to drawdown. Oxythermal patterns measured in the reservoir during 2021, a severe drought year, revealed that drawdown reduced kokanee habitat by increasing water temperatures and decreasing dissolved oxygen concentrations. Oxythermal refugia for kokanee appeared to relate to inflow from the spring-fed Henrys Fork and other groundwater inflows. However, we did not quantify groundwater flow or connections, and we did not study kokanee population demographics or mortality. Reducing these sources of uncertainty is a priority for future study. Still, our study highlights a potential mechanism connecting reservoir drawdown to fish populations and the unique yet predictable mechanisms by which reservoir drawdown interacts with reservoir morphometry to affect fish habitat availability.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10879","usgsCitation":"McLaren, J.S., Van Kirk, R.W., Mabaka, A.J., Brothers, S., and Budy, P., 2023, Drawdown, habitat, and kokanee populations in a western U.S. reservoir: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 43, no. 2, p. 339-351, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10879.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"339","endPage":"351","ipdsId":"IP-136834","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10879","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":430142,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Island Park Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.36271923298024,\n 44.45908039535735\n ],\n [\n -111.60966508255247,\n 44.45908039535735\n ],\n [\n -111.60966508255247,\n 44.35910672122833\n ],\n [\n -111.36271923298024,\n 44.35910672122833\n ],\n [\n -111.36271923298024,\n 44.45908039535735\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLaren, John S.","contributorId":337322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLaren","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Kirk, Robert W.","contributorId":337326,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Kirk","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":81016,"text":"Henrys Fork Foundation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mabaka, Arthur J.","contributorId":339021,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mabaka","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16159,"text":"Washington and Lee University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brothers, Soren","contributorId":339019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brothers","given":"Soren","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81013,"text":"Department of Natural History","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Budy, Phaedra E. 0000-0002-9918-1678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-1678","contributorId":228930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"Phaedra E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70241876,"text":"70241876 - 2023 - Biophysical drivers for predicting the distribution and abundance of invasive yellow sweetclover in the Northern Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-25T15:54:56.920665","indexId":"70241876","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-25T08:44:43","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biophysical drivers for predicting the distribution and abundance of invasive yellow sweetclover in the Northern Great Plains","docAbstract":"Yellow sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis; YSC) is an invasive biennial legume that bloomed across the Northern Great Plains in 2018–2019 in response to above-average precipitation. YSC can increase nitrogen (N) levels and potentially cause substantial changes in the composition of native plant species communities. There is little knowledge of the spatiotemporal variability and conditions causing substantial widespread blooms of YSC across western South Dakota (SD).
We aimed to develop a generalized prediction model to predict the relative abundance of YSC in suitable habitats across rangelands of western South Dakota for 2019. Our research questions are: (1) What is the spatial extent of YSC across western South Dakota? (2) Which model can accurately predict the habitat and percent cover of YSC? and (3) What significant biophysical drivers affect its presence across western South Dakota?
We trained machine learning models with in situ data (2016–2021), Sentinel 2A-derived surface reflectance and indices (10 m, 20 m) and site-specific variables of climate, topography, and edaphic factors to optimize model performance.
We identified moisture proxies (Shortwave Infrared reflectance and variability in Tasseled Cap Wetness) as the important predictors to explain the YSC presence. Land Surface Water Index and variability in summer temperature were the top predictors in explaining the YSC abundance. We demonstrated how machine learning algorithms could help generate valuable information on the spatial distribution of this invasive plant. We delineated major YSC hotspots in Butte, Pennington, and Corson Counties of South Dakota. The floodplains of major rivers, including White and Bad Rivers, and areas around Badlands National Park also showed a higher occurrence probability and cover percentage.
These prediction maps could aid land managers in devising management strategies for the regions that are prone to YSC outbreaks. The management workflow can also serve as a prototype for mapping other invasive plant species in similar regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10980-023-01613-1","usgsCitation":"Saraf, S., John, R., Amirkhiz, R.G., Kolluru, V., Jain, K., Rigge, M.B., Giannico, V., Boyte, S., Chen, J., Henebry, G.M., Jarchow, M., and Lafortezza, R., 2023, Biophysical drivers for predicting the distribution and abundance of invasive yellow sweetclover in the Northern Great Plains: Landscape Ecology, v. 38, p. 1463-1479, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-023-01613-1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1463","endPage":"1479","ipdsId":"IP-147289","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489774,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11586/429913","text":"External Repository"},{"id":414967,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Northern Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.12403782089808,\n 44.50409639966341\n ],\n [\n -109.51917809297896,\n 42.193942536431706\n ],\n [\n -108.20829190347715,\n 42.16267357718297\n ],\n [\n -105.7013688001525,\n 42.82087900174628\n ],\n [\n -104.34504145487756,\n 42.926504293846904\n ],\n [\n -98.59145737799025,\n 42.98528857117202\n ],\n [\n -99.68928260951722,\n 44.21667147884969\n ],\n [\n -100.49416850734309,\n 44.66694248150202\n ],\n [\n -100.10156005668756,\n 46.943864430494756\n ],\n [\n -101.88476410598878,\n 48.95101635024733\n ],\n [\n -114.58909916045843,\n 49.00176092015144\n ],\n [\n -113.33884787447045,\n 45.40203203770008\n ],\n [\n -112.89637808484645,\n 44.61584592164604\n ],\n [\n -111.12403782089808,\n 44.50409639966341\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saraf, Sakshi 0000-0002-6785-8381","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6785-8381","contributorId":302161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saraf","given":"Sakshi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16684,"text":"University of South Dakota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"John, Ranjeet 0000-0002-0150-8450","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0150-8450","contributorId":302162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"John","given":"Ranjeet","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16684,"text":"University of South Dakota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amirkhiz, Reza Goljani","contributorId":303759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amirkhiz","given":"Reza","email":"","middleInitial":"Goljani","affiliations":[{"id":16684,"text":"University of South Dakota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolluru, Venkatesh","contributorId":303760,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kolluru","given":"Venkatesh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16684,"text":"University of South Dakota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jain, Khushboo","contributorId":303761,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jain","given":"Khushboo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16684,"text":"University of South Dakota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rigge, Matthew B. 0000-0003-4471-8009 mrigge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4471-8009","contributorId":751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rigge","given":"Matthew","email":"mrigge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Giannico, Vincenzo","contributorId":303762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giannico","given":"Vincenzo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65903,"text":"University of Bari “Aldo Moro\"","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Boyte, Stephen P. 0000-0002-5462-3225","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5462-3225","contributorId":205374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyte","given":"Stephen P.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Chen, Jiquan 0000-0003-0761-9458","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0761-9458","contributorId":146126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Jiquan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Henebry, Geoffrey M.","contributorId":124528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henebry","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5087,"text":"Geographic Information Science Center of Excellence (GIScCE), South Dakota State University, Brookings, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Jarchow, Meghann","contributorId":303764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jarchow","given":"Meghann","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16684,"text":"University of South Dakota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lafortezza, Raffaele","contributorId":303767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lafortezza","given":"Raffaele","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65904,"text":"University of Bari “Aldo Moro”","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70241881,"text":"70241881 - 2023 - Genesis of the Questa Mo porphyry deposit and nearby polymetallic mineralization, New Mexico, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-20T16:13:30.618656","indexId":"70241881","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-25T08:17:50","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genesis of the Questa Mo porphyry deposit and nearby polymetallic mineralization, New Mexico, USA","docAbstract":"The Oligocene Latir magmatic center in northern New Mexico is an exceptionally well-exposed volcanoplutonic complex that hosts a variety of magmatic-hydrothermal deposits, ranging from relatively deep, F-rich porphyry Mo mineralization to shallower epithermal deposits. We present new whole-rock chemical and isotopic data for plutonic rocks from the Latir magmatic center, including extensive sampling of drill core samples of intrusive rocks from the Questa porphyry Mo deposit. These data document temporal chemical trends of porphyry-related mineralization that occurred after caldera-forming magmatism and during postcaldera batholith assembly. Silicic magmas were generated multiple times throughout the history of the Latir magmatic center, but few are associated with the formation of a mineral deposit. Whole-rock trace element ratios and Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope compositions vary throughout the protracted history of silicic magmatism. The caldera-forming ignimbrite and early phase of postcaldera intrusions are unmineralized, more enriched in high field strength elements, and generally contain less radiogenic Sr and Pb and more radiogenic Nd than later intrusions. The Questa porphyry Mo deposit formed immediately after the most isotopically primitive phase of the batholith was assembled, ruling out simple reworking of juvenile mantle-derived crust as the source for mineralizing magmas. Rhyolite dikes associated with polymetallic sulfide deposits intruded ~800 k.y. after Mo mineralization, and Nd isotope data indicate that these dikes are associated with different batches of magma and are unrelated to the Mo-mineralizing intrusions at the Questa mine. Together, these data indicate that the source of magmas changed significantly throughout the 10-m.y. history of the magmatic center. We assess multiple genetic models for porphyry-related magmatism against this data set, favoring models with discrete periods of magma genesis from a deep hybridized zone in the lower crust giving rise to the punctuated periods of mineralization. These observations suggest that the formation of mineral deposits within a central magmatic locus is likely the result of the piecemeal assembly of individual hydrothermal-magmatic systems, and that distal and younger polymetallic mineralization commonly observed near known porphyry deposits represents decoupled processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.5382/econgeo.5011","usgsCitation":"Gaynor, S., Rosera, J.M., and Coleman, D.S., 2023, Genesis of the Questa Mo porphyry deposit and nearby polymetallic mineralization, New Mexico, USA: Economic Geology, v. 118, no. 6, p. 1319-1339, https://doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.5011.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1319","endPage":"1339","ipdsId":"IP-138609","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502418,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:167974","text":"External Repository"},{"id":414955,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.625,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -105.625,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -105.375,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -105.375,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -105.625,\n 37\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"118","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaynor, Sean P.","contributorId":297927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaynor","given":"Sean P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosera, Joshua Mark 0000-0003-3807-5000","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3807-5000","contributorId":270284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosera","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coleman, Drew S.","contributorId":303771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coleman","given":"Drew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70242148,"text":"70242148 - 2023 - Dense geophysical observations reveal a triggered, concurrent multi-fault rupture at the Mendocino Triple Junction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-10T12:01:29.54412","indexId":"70242148","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-25T06:58:38","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":13795,"text":"Nature Communications Earth and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dense geophysical observations reveal a triggered, concurrent multi-fault rupture at the Mendocino Triple Junction","docAbstract":"A central question of earthquake science is how far ruptures can jump from one fault to another, because cascading ruptures can increase the shaking of a seismic event. Earthquake science relies on earthquake catalogs and therefore how complex ruptures get documented and cataloged has important implications. Recent investments in geophysical instrumentation allow us to resolve increasingly complex, multi-fault ruptures for even moderate-sized earthquakes. We combine dense seismic and geodetic measurements to reveal an enigmatic rupture in late 2021 at the Mendocino Triple Junction in northern California. We show that rupture was dynamically triggered, yet concurrent, on two distinct faults roughly 30 km apart. Thus, this rupture combines features of complex ruptures usually considered to be single earthquakes, and triggered ruptures considered as multiple earthquakes. This event illustrates that moderate-sized earthquakes can exhibit similar complexity to that more commonly documented for large earthquakes.
Oaks (Quercus spp.) are masting species exhibiting highly variable and synchronized acorn production. We investigated the hypothesis that periodical cicadas (Magicada spp.), well known to have strong effects on the ecosystems in which they occur, affect acorn production of oaks through their xylem feeding habits as nymphs, the oviposition damage they inflict as adults during emergences, or the nutrient pulse resulting from the decomposition of their bodies following breeding. We found negative effects on acorn production during emergence years and the year following emergences and enhanced acorn production 2 years after emergence. We also found evidence indicating a significant effect of cicada emergences on spatial synchrony of acorn production by trees growing within the range of the same cicada brood compared with different broods. These results demonstrate that periodical cicadas act as a trophic environmental “veto” depressing acorn production during and immediately following emergences, after which the nutrient pulse associated with the cicada’s demise enhances oak reproduction.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Naturalists","doi":"10.1086/723735","usgsCitation":"Koenig, W.D., Leibhold, A., LaMontagne, J., and Pearse, I., 2023, Periodical cicada emergences affect masting behavior of oaks: The American Naturalist, v. 201, p. 755-762, https://doi.org/10.1086/723735.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"755","endPage":"762","ipdsId":"IP-144742","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":422003,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"201","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koenig, Walter D.","contributorId":46255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koenig","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":886473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leibhold, Andrew","contributorId":331012,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leibhold","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36400,"text":"US Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LaMontagne, Jalene M.","contributorId":223096,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaMontagne","given":"Jalene","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36623,"text":"DePaul University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pearse, Ian S. 0000-0001-7098-0495","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-0495","contributorId":211154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Ian","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70241574,"text":"sir20235019 - 2023 - Assessing Escherichia coli and microbial source tracking markers in the Rio Grande in the South Valley, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2020–21","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-02T22:13:04.87586","indexId":"sir20235019","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-24T08:55:27","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-5019","displayTitle":"Assessing Escherichia coli and Microbial Source Tracking Markers in the Rio Grande in the South Valley, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2020–21","title":"Assessing Escherichia coli and microbial source tracking markers in the Rio Grande in the South Valley, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2020–21","docAbstract":"The Rio Grande, in southern Albuquerque, New Mexico, is a Clean Water Act Section 303(d) Category 5 impaired reach for Escherichia coli (E. coli). The reach is 5 miles in length, extending from Tijeras Arroyo south to the Isleta Pueblo boundary. An evaluation of E. coli and microbial source tracking markers (human-, canine-, and waterfowl-specific sources) was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey to determine the extent and source of fecal bacteria within the impaired reach of the Rio Grande, primarily during the dry season (November through June) in 2020 and 2021. Samples were collected in the river cross section at three locations within each site and collected during both the dry season and the wet season, thereby providing data over a range of flow conditions to better understand the extent and source of fecal bacteria. Because fecal microorganisms may readily attach to sediments, riverbed material samples were also collected. During the dry season, E. coli concentrations in water were primarily detected below the New Mexico Surface Water Quality Standard of 410 colony forming units per 100 milliliters and mostly human and canine sources were detected. However, approximately 40 percent of the water samples exceeded the Isleta Pueblo water quality standard of 88 colony forming units per 100 milliliters. E. coli concentrations in bed material were detected at low concentrations, and the bed material was a sandy substrate, with little fine-grained material, a suitable habitat that would allow for bacterial growth during the dry season. Significant spatial and temporal differences, where p-values were less than 0.05, were found in water-quality samples for E. coli (seasonal) and the human tracker concentrations (between sites and within a cross section of a site). Given the lack of correlation between discharge and E. coli concentration and the human marker being most prevalent in the study area, the sources of E. coli in the dry season are likely nonpoint sources. The results from this study will help decision makers determine the efficacy of their best management practices and guide new practices to improve water quality in the reach.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235019","issn":"ISSN 2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Bernalillo County","usgsCitation":"Travis, R.E., Wilkins, K.L., and Kephart, C.M., 2023, Assessing Escherichia coli and microbial source tracking markers in the Rio Grande in the South Valley, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2020–21: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5019, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235019.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 48 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-139896","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414732,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5019/sir20235019.XML","size":"328 KB","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"}},{"id":414632,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Q2ECYV","text":"U.S. Geological Survey data release—Fecal bacteria and microbial source tracking marker data in the Rio Grande, Albuquerque, New Mexico 2017–2020"},{"id":414629,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5019/images"},{"id":414627,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5019/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":414626,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5019/sir20235019.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.51 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023-5019"},{"id":500713,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114616.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":414733,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235019/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Albuquerque","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande, South Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 34.75\n ],\n [\n -106.25,\n 34.75\n ],\n [\n -106.25,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 35.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd. NE
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Seagrasses have been widely recognized for their ecosystem services, but traditional seagrass monitoring approaches emphasizing ground and aerial observations are costly, time-consuming, and lack standardization across datasets. This study leveraged satellite imagery from Maxar's WorldView-2 and WorldView-3 high spatial resolution, commercial satellite platforms to provide a consistent classification approach for monitoring seagrass at eleven study areas across the continental United States, representing geographically, ecologically, and climatically diverse regions. A single satellite image was selected at each of the eleven study areas to correspond temporally to reference data representing seagrass coverage and was classified into four general classes: land, seagrass, no seagrass, and no data. Satellite-derived seagrass coverage was then compared to reference data using either balanced agreement, the Mann-Whitney U test, or the Kruskal-Wallis test, depending on the format of the reference data used for comparison. Balanced agreement ranged from 58% to 86%, with better agreement between reference- and satellite-indicated seagrass absence (specificity ranged from 88% to 100%) than between reference- and satellite-indicated seagrass presence (sensitivity ranged from 17% to 73%). Results of the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests demonstrated that satellite-indicated seagrass percentage cover had moderate to large correlations with reference-indicated seagrass percentage cover, indicative of moderate to strong agreement between datasets. Satellite classification performed best in areas of dense, continuous seagrass compared to areas of sparse, discontinuous seagrass and provided a suitable spatial representation of seagrass distribution within each study area. This study demonstrates that the same methods can be applied across scenes spanning varying seagrass bioregions, atmospheric conditions, and optical water types, which is a significant step toward developing a consistent, operational approach for mapping seagrass coverage at the national and global scales. Accompanying this manuscript are instructional videos describing the processing workflow, including data acquisition, data processing, and satellite image classification. These instructional videos may serve as a management tool to complement field- and aerial-based mapping efforts for monitoring seagrass ecosystems.
This report reflects on the past, present, and potential future of community and citizen science (CCS) in the Elwha River watershed, with particular focus on the years before and after a major restoration event: the removal of two dams that had impacted the river system for a century. We ask: how does CCS feature in the Elwha story and how could it feature? We use the term CCS to reference the broad range of ways in which members of the public might participate in authentic science and monitoring processes, including students and both paid and unpaid interns: participants are individuals contributing to scientific projects without prior formal training in the topic.
Removal of the Elwha dams was a large-scale, complex project, and communities had an important role to play: the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe (LEKT) and other local groups were a large part of the original drive to remove the dams. Some funding and policy requirements for monitoring are ending, but there is still much to learn from the changes happening in the Elwha, requiring ongoing research and monitoring. In 2022, the Elwha scientific community came together in a multifaceted effort called the “Elwha ScienceScape” to mark the ten-year anniversary of dam removal and to plan for future monitoring. One of ScienceScape’s priorities is expanding CCS efforts, and because the Elwha dam removal is a powerful international symbol of large-scale watershed restoration, ScienceScape is well-positioned to inform and emphasize the potential role of CCS in dam removal worldwide.
This report presents insights about Elwha CCS from an academic literature review and discussions with scientists and many others that have been working in the Elwha. We found that the history of CCS on the Elwha is important but understated, with few scientific papers acknowledging support by volunteers of various kinds. Recent and ongoing CCS projects on the Elwha tend to be focused on biological phenomena, and most are associated with educational opportunities (across many types of institutions) and paid internships. We also noted that most Elwha CCS projects required volunteers with particular pre-existing skill sets (e.g., botanical knowledge) or time to impart specialized training (e.g. boat use), leading many projects towards engagement with a smaller number of volunteers.
Partners working in the Elwha are considering a wide range of potential new CCS projects, and these ideas are in varying stages of development. Many new projects would broaden public involvement in terms of the opportunities available and increase the variety of focal topics for research and monitoring. This increased breadth is promising: there are indications that the local community’s interests also range widely, from fish recovery after dam removal to dam removal impacts on humans.
Elwha CCS projects have encountered some challenges and barriers, including the administrative burden of coordinating volunteers and managing liability concerns. But Elwha ScienceScape scientists are committed to the value that CCS brings both to the research itself as well as to those who participate in these projects. CCS can be a way to increase equity in science and engage people who would not otherwise participate in research, and in many cases the research simply wouldn’t be possible without their help. Support with project administration, volunteer management, and data management could help in expanding CCS efforts and broadening their inclusivity. More systematic tracking of CCS projects to assess how they contribute to research and to community and participant benefit could be helpful in establishing and maintaining a long-term CCS strategy in the Elwha.
","language":"English","publisher":"UC Davis Center for Community and Citizen Science","doi":"10.58076/C64W2B","usgsCitation":"Eitzel, M.V., Morley, S.A., Behymer, C., Meyer, R., Kagley, A., Ballard, H.L., Jadallah, C., Duda, J.J., Jennings, L., Miller, I.M., Stapleton, J., Shaffer, A., Miller, A., Shafroth, P., and Blackie, B., 2023, Community and citizen science on the Elwha River: Past, present, and future, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.58076/C64W2B.","productDescription":"22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-149069","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414976,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wshington","otherGeospatial":"Elwha River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.62525330687644,\n 47.71956268467267\n ],\n [\n -123.42458708492356,\n 47.71956268467267\n ],\n [\n -123.42458708492356,\n 48.15187321706955\n ],\n [\n -123.62525330687644,\n 48.15187321706955\n ],\n [\n -123.62525330687644,\n 47.71956268467267\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eitzel, M. V.","contributorId":303788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eitzel","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":65906,"text":"Center for Community and Citizen Science, University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morley, Sarah A.","contributorId":148956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morley","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17601,"text":"NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Behymer, Chelsea","contributorId":303789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Behymer","given":"Chelsea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State 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Resources Department, Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Port Angeles, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Shaffer, Anne","contributorId":168504,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Anne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Miller, Allyce","contributorId":303794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Allyce","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65909,"text":"Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe Natural Resources Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":225182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Blackie, Barbara","contributorId":168505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blackie","given":"Barbara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12723,"text":"Western Washington University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70255006,"text":"70255006 - 2023 - Invasive Brook Stickleback Culaea inconstans minimally alters the trophic ecology of four native fishes in Wyoming, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-11T15:19:01.240564","indexId":"70255006","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-23T10:13:05","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5453,"text":"Food Webs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Invasive Brook Stickleback Culaea inconstans minimally alters the trophic ecology of four native fishes in Wyoming, USA","title":"Invasive Brook Stickleback Culaea inconstans minimally alters the trophic ecology of four native fishes in Wyoming, USA","docAbstract":"Invasive species introductions are a primary threat facing populations of native freshwater fishes. There are multiple mechanisms by which an invader can affect native species, with competition for food resources being one mechanism that can lead to declines in the distribution and abundance of native species. Invaders that are trophic generalists may cause shifts in the trophic ecology of native species and may be better suited for long-term persistence amid environmental stochasticity. Therefore, trophic studies can provide valuable information on the risk an invader poses to native species. Brook Stickleback Culaea inconstans is an invasive fish species in Wyoming whose effect on native fish assemblages is poorly understood. Our goal was to understand the potential for competitive interactions between Brook Stickleback and native fishes. We used stable isotopes of carbon (ẟ13C) and nitrogen (ẟ15N) to evaluate the feeding ecology of Brook Stickleback relative to four native fishes, and to explore whether native fish isotopic niches changed in sympatry with Brook Stickleback. We hypothesized that the isotopic niche of Brook Stickleback would be larger than that of native fishes, suggesting broader resource use. Additionally, we hypothesized that the isotopic niche of native fish populations sympatric with Brook Stickleback would contract. We did not find support for our hypotheses as the isotopic niche of Brook Stickleback was not substantially different from that of native fishes. Further, the isotopic niche of native fishes was not substantially affected by Brook Stickleback presence. As a result, we do not currently see evidence of Brook Stickleback altering the trophic ecology of native fish species. Our results provide insight to the effects of a small-bodied invasive fish species on native fishes in a previously unstudied region, and can help managers prioritize management actions to conserve native fishes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2023.e00275","usgsCitation":"Ruthvena, J.S., and Walters, A.W., 2023, Invasive Brook Stickleback Culaea inconstans minimally alters the trophic ecology of four native fishes in Wyoming, USA: Food Webs, v. 35, e00275, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fooweb.2023.e00275.","productDescription":"e00275, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-143172","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":429879,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.09999209466312,\n 44.992832791258934\n ],\n [\n -111.09999209466312,\n 40.9969502976852\n ],\n [\n -104.06062494053327,\n 40.9969502976852\n ],\n [\n -104.06062494053327,\n 44.992832791258934\n ],\n [\n -111.09999209466312,\n 44.992832791258934\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruthvena, Jacob S.","contributorId":338255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruthvena","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, Annika W. 0000-0002-8638-6682 awalters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-6682","contributorId":4190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Annika","email":"awalters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70243935,"text":"70243935 - 2023 - Further bacteriological analysis of annual Pheasantshell (Actinonaias pectorosa) mussel mortality events in the Clinch River (Virginia/Tennessee), USA, reveals a consistent association with Yokenella Regensburgei","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-25T15:09:35.233941","indexId":"70243935","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-23T10:01:54","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5254,"text":"Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Further bacteriological analysis of annual Pheasantshell (Actinonaias pectorosa) mussel mortality events in the Clinch River (Virginia/Tennessee), USA, reveals a consistent association with Yokenella Regensburgei","title":"Further bacteriological analysis of annual Pheasantshell (Actinonaias pectorosa) mussel mortality events in the Clinch River (Virginia/Tennessee), USA, reveals a consistent association with Yokenella Regensburgei","docAbstract":"Pheasantshell (Actinonaias pectorosa) mussels in the Clinch River (Tennessee/Virginia, USA) have declined dramatically in recent years. The bacterium Yokenella regensburgei was first isolated with high prevalence from Pheasantshells during the peak of a 2017 mortality event, but it was not identified after mortality subsided a few months later. Since 2017, Pheasantshell mortality in the Clinch River has occurred each autumn. We extended the investigation of culturable bacterial communities in the Clinch River during mussel mortality events in 2018, 2019, and 2020 and examined the spatial and temporal distribution of bacterial genera among Pheasantshells, as well as among other unionid mussels. We identified Y. regensburgei each year, almost exclusively during active mortality events. The significance of Y. regensburgei remains unclear, but the continued association of this bacterium with mussel mortality events warrants further study.
","language":"English","publisher":"Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society","doi":"10.31931/fmbc-d-22-00001","usgsCitation":"Leis, E., Dziki, S., Richard, J., Agbalog, R., Waller, D.L., Putnam, J.G., Knowles, S., and Goldberg, T., 2023, Further bacteriological analysis of annual Pheasantshell (Actinonaias pectorosa) mussel mortality events in the Clinch River (Virginia/Tennessee), USA, reveals a consistent association with Yokenella Regensburgei: Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation, v. 26, no. 1, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.31931/fmbc-d-22-00001.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","ipdsId":"IP-134398","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444102,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.31931/fmbc-d-22-00001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SARYP3","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Bacteria identified in freshwater mussels in the Clinch River, VA, associated with mortality events from 2018 to 2020"},{"id":417438,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Clinch River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.2506164916795,\n 37.10370776426737\n ],\n [\n -83.2506164916795,\n 36.46184748703568\n ],\n [\n -81.82888619270031,\n 36.46184748703568\n ],\n [\n -81.82888619270031,\n 37.10370776426737\n ],\n [\n -83.2506164916795,\n 37.10370776426737\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leis, Eric","contributorId":179325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leis","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":873792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dziki, Sara","contributorId":305502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dziki","given":"Sara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":66232,"text":"La Crosse Fish Health Center – Midwest Fisheries Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richard, Jordan","contributorId":211789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richard","given":"Jordan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Agbalog, Rose","contributorId":239870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Agbalog","given":"Rose","affiliations":[{"id":48017,"text":"USFWS-Virginia Field Office","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waller, Diane L. 0000-0002-6104-810X dwaller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6104-810X","contributorId":5272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"Diane","email":"dwaller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Putnam, Joel G. 0000-0002-5464-4587 jgputnam@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5464-4587","contributorId":5783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"Joel","email":"jgputnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Knowles, Susan 0000-0002-0254-6491 sknowles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0254-6491","contributorId":5254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"Susan","email":"sknowles@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Goldberg, Tony","contributorId":211788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Tony","affiliations":[{"id":38319,"text":"UW Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70249759,"text":"70249759 - 2023 - A plea for Red Wolf conservation throughout Its recent distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-26T12:23:17.042485","indexId":"70249759","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-23T07:22:18","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17080,"text":"Southesatern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A plea for Red Wolf conservation throughout Its recent distribution","docAbstract":"Canis rufus (Red Wolf) is one of the most endangered mammals in North America. However, genes of the Red Wolf persist across much of the species' original range, carried predominantly within C. latrans (Coyote) populations. It is now known that such genes are distributed from extreme north-central Texas through most of eastern Texas to southern Louisiana. Publicizing of the most recent findings of Red Wolf genes in Coyotes of southern Louisiana emphasized that area for intensive conservation efforts. Such efforts could be applied throughout the entire known distribution of those rare genes, not just in the small area of southern Louisiana recently publicized. Because conservation efforts might be hindered by local conditions and circumstances, expanding geographic options for their application could make the difference in their success.
Selecting livestock genetics adapted to arid environments, such as Criollo cattle, is one of several strategies recommended for decreasing the vulnerability to climate change of ranching in the southwestern USA. Our objective was to determine whether desirable foraging traits of Criollo cattle previously documented in the Chihuahuan Desert, held true in two of the most climate-vulnerable ecosystems of the Southwest. We conducted a study at Rancho Corta Madera (RCM) in southern California and Dugout Ranch (DR) in southeast Utah. Twenty mature cows, 10 Raramuri Criollo and 10 Red or Black Angus, were monitored with GPS collars during multiple seasons between 2018 and 2021. Geolocation data were used to compute daily distance traveled (km*d−1), movement velocity (m*min−1), path sinuosity (SI), time spent grazing, resting, or traveling (h*d−1), and area of the pasture explored (ha*d−1) as well as to calculate selection of vegetation cover types (E, Ivlev's Electivity Index) by cows of each breed. The effects of breed, season, year, and pasture on each of these metrics were modeled with repeated measures analyses of variance. At both ranches, statistically detectable differences (P ≤ 0.05) between breeds were observed for most behavior metrics during the dormant season. Conversely, few breed differences were observed during the growing season. Criollo cattle exhibited greater relative preference for a number of shrub dominated vegetation types at both ranches, and similar relative selection of grassland dominated sites compared to Angus counterparts. At both ranches, Criollo cattle exhibited similar or less relative preference for riparian areas vs. Angus counterparts. Breed divergence vs. convergence of foraging behaviors during the dormant vs. growing seasons, previously observed in the Chihuahuan Desert, was documented at both sites. Positive system outcomes associated with foraging traits of Criollo cattle could be expected to occur more broadly across the Southwest.
Earthquake ground motion processing for next-generation attenuation (NGA) projects required human inspection to select high-pass corner frequencies (fcHP), which is time-intensive and subjective. With growth in the number of recordings per event and interest in enhancing repeatability, we sought to develop automated procedures for fcHP selection. These procedures consider signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and non-physical features in the displacement time series that indicate high- and/or low-frequency noise effects. The procedures are implemented in a US Geological Survey software package (gmprocess). We extend previous procedures for SNR-based corner frequency selection to also check for low-frequency artifacts in the displacement record using a polynomial fit to improve fcHP selection. We evaluate the performance of the SNR and polynomial fit criteria using recordings from the 2020 M5.1 North Carolina and the 2013 M4.7 Southern Ontario earthquakes. Data processed with the SNR-only criteria can have low fcHP and displacement drift; the displacement check increases fcHP and reduces displacement drift.
Ecosystems provide essential services to people including food, water, climate regulation, and aesthetic experiences. Biodiversity can enhance and stabilize ecosystem function and the resulting services natural systems provide. Freshwater mollusks are a diverse group that provide a variety of ecosystem services through their feeding habits (e.g., filter feeding, grazing), top-down and bottom-up effects on food webs, provisioning of habitat, use as a food resource by people, and cultural importance. Research focused on quantifying the direct and indirect ways mollusks influence ecosystem services may help inform policy makers and the public about the value of mollusk communities to society. The Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society highlighted the need to evaluate mollusk ecosystem services in their 2016 National Strategy for the Conservation of Native Freshwater Mollusks, and, while significant progress has been made, considerable work remains across the research, management, and outreach communities. We briefly review the global status of native freshwater mollusks, assess the current state of knowledge regarding their ecosystem services, and highlight recent advances and knowledge gaps to guide further research and conservation actions. Our intention is to provide ecologists, conservationists, economists, and social scientists with information to improve science-based consideration of the social, ecological, and economic value of mollusk communities to healthy aquatic systems.