The Edwards aquifer in the San Antonio region supplies drinking water for more than 1 million people. Proper development and protection of the aquifer is a high priority for local and State authorities. To better understand the flow of water in two major flowpaths in the Edwards aquifer, stratigraphic, structural, hydrologic, and geochemical data were analyzed. The western Medina flowpath is in parts of Uvalde, Medina, and Bexar Counties, and the eastern flowpath is in northern Bexar and central Comal Counties.
A major hydrogeologic factor that affects the pattern of flow in the Edwards aquifer is the spatial and temporal distribution of recharge. Other hydrogeologic factors that affect flowpaths include internal boundaries and the location and rate of spring discharge. The relative displacement of faults and the high permeability layers have substantial control on the discharge at springs and on the flowpaths in the Edwards aquifer.
Analysis of the estimated recharge to the Edwards aquifer during 1982 89 indicated that during years of substantial precipitation, a large part of the net recharge probably is diffuse infiltration of precipitation over large parts of the recharge area. During years with below-normal precipitation, most recharge is leakage from rivers and streams that drain the catchment subbasins.
In the western Medina flowpath, concentrations of major ions indicate saturation of calcite and undersaturation of dolomite the two minerals that constitute most of the Edwards aquifer matrix. Concentrations of dissolved calcium, alkalinity, and dissolved chloride in the eastern flowpath are greater than those in the western Medina flowpath. These upward trends in concentrations might result in part from: (1) increased development in the recharge area, (2) mineralized effluent from developed areas, or (3) increased dissolution of aquifer material.
Tritium data from wells sampled in and near the western Medina flowpath indicate no vertical stratification of flow. Tritium concentrations in the recharge area of the western Medina flowpath are smaller than would be expected from previous studies and for the amount of recharge the area presumably received since 1952.
Stable-isotopic data indicate that the water in the Edwards aquifer is meteoric and, except in one known area, has not been subjected to substantial evaporation or other isotope-fractionating processes. Evaporation of water from Medina Lake results in a heavier stable-isotopic ratio in lake water, which subsequently recharges the Edwards aquifer. The stable-isotopic data indicate that lake water does not enter either of the two flowpaths.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri964046","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Groschen, G.E., 1996, Hydrogeologic factors that affect the flowpath of water in selected zones of the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio region, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4046, Report: vi, 73 p.; 3 Plates: 25.00 x 17.82 inches or less, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964046.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 73 p.; 3 Plates: 25.00 x 17.82 inches or less","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4046/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56292,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4046/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":360603,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4046/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":360604,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4046/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":360605,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4046/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Aquifer","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db628749","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Groschen, George E.","contributorId":99132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groschen","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29338,"text":"wri964038A - 1996 - Environmental setting of benchmark streams in agricultural areas of eastern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-10T11:19:05","indexId":"wri964038A","displayToPublicDate":"1997-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4038","chapter":"A","title":"Environmental setting of benchmark streams in agricultural areas of eastern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"This report describes the environmental setting of 20 benchmark streams in agricultural areas of eastern Wisconsin that are part of the Western Lake Michigan Drainages, National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Benchmark streams are defined as those that show minimal adverse effects from human activity, and they were selected on the basis of field reconnaissance and the following criteria: (1) available invertebrate or fisheries data that indicated good to excellent water quality, (2) instream habitat restoration for fisheries enhancement, and (3) land management to protect riparian vegetation. Information gathered from these benchmark sites can be used as a standard of reference to compare the health of other streams in agricultural areas on the basis of aquatic-biota communities, habitat, and water-quality characteristics. The information included in this report serves as background information that will be useful for a series of studies at these benchmark-stream sites in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages study unit as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program.
\nFour relatively homogeneous units (RHU's) in agricultural areas that differed in bedrock and surficial geology were selected for study. RHU 1 (clayey surficial deposits over carbonate bedrock) and RHU 3 (sandy-till surficial deposits over carbonate bedrock) are in adjacent agricultural areas in the Southeastern Wisconsin Till Plains ecoregion. RHU 20 (sandy/sand and gravel surficial deposits over igneous and metamorphic bedrock) and RHU 26 (sandy/sand and gravel surficial deposits over sandstone bedrock) are in adjacent areas of agriculture and mixed forests in the North Central Hardwood Forests ecoregion.
\nDifferences in land use/land cover, and riparian vegetation and instream habitat characteristics are presented. Summaries of field measurements of water temperature, pH, specific conductance and concentrations of dissolved oxygen, total organic plus ammonia nitrogen, dissolved ammonium, nitrate plus nitrte as nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved orthophosphate, and atrazine are listed. Concentrations of dissolved oxygen for the sampled streams ranged from 6 A to 14.3 and met the standards set by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) for supporting fish and aquatic life. Specific conductance ranged from 98 to 753 u,Scm with values highest in RHU's 1 and 3, where streams are underlain by carbonate bedrock. Median pH did not vary greatly among the four RHU's and ranged from 6.7 to 8.8 also meeting the WDNR standards. Concentrations of total organic plus ammonia nitrogen, dissolved ammonium, total phosphorus, and dissolved orthophosphate show little variation between streams and are generally low, compared to concentrations measured in agriculturally-affected streams in the same RHU's during the same sampling period. Concentrations of the most commonly used pesticide in the study unit, atrazine, were low in all streams, and most concentrations were below trn 0.1 u,g/L detection limit. Riparian vegetation for the benchmark streams were characterized by lowland species of the native plant communities described by John T. Curtis in the \"Vegetation of Wisconsin.\" Based on the environmental setting and water-quality information collected to date, these streams appear to show minimal adverse effects from human activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964038A","usgsCitation":"Rheaume, S.J., Stewart, J., and Lenz, B.N., 1996, Environmental setting of benchmark streams in agricultural areas of eastern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4038, viii, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964038A.","productDescription":"viii, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4038a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58181,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4038a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.483642578125,\n 43.1090040242731\n ],\n [\n -89.483642578125,\n 45.46783598133375\n ],\n [\n -86.737060546875,\n 45.46783598133375\n ],\n [\n -86.737060546875,\n 43.1090040242731\n ],\n [\n -89.483642578125,\n 43.1090040242731\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602220","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rheaume, S. J.","contributorId":70804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rheaume","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, J.S.","contributorId":65890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lenz, B. N.","contributorId":106164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenz","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26893,"text":"wri964113 - 1996 - Trends in nutrient inflows to the Gulf of Mexico from streams draining the conterminous United States, 1972-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T09:49:01","indexId":"wri964113","displayToPublicDate":"1997-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4113","title":"Trends in nutrient inflows to the Gulf of Mexico from streams draining the conterminous United States, 1972-93","docAbstract":"Trends are computed for nutrient inflows from 37 streams discharging into the Gulf of Mexico. The drainage areas of these streams represent about 86 percent of the drainage area to the Gulf from the conterminous United States. The period analyzed varies for each stream, but generally includes water years 1972-93. Stations included in this analysis primarily are part of the National Stream Quality Accounting Network operated by the U.S. Geological Survey.
Short-term trends for each station are indicated by LOWESS smooth lines superimposed on graphs of the relations between flow-adjusted residuals of concentration and time or load and time. Long-term trends were evaluated using Kendall's tau and the slope of the Kendall-Theil robust line. Long- term trends for each station are indicated by Kendall-Theil robust lines superimposed on the aforementioned graphs. Annual loads are estimated with regression analysis and corrected for log-transformation bias with the Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator. Trends in annual streamflow are presented to aid in the interpretation of trends in nutrient inflows.
Statistically significant, long-term increases in flow-adjusted residual concentrations of total nitrogen were detected at 19 stations, decreases were detected at 7 stations, and no significant trends were detected at 11 stations. Long-term increases in total nitrogen load were detected at 3 stations, decreases were detected at 4 stations, and no significant trends were detected at 30 stations. Long-term increases in flow-adjusted residual concentrations of total phosphorus were detected at 7 stations, decreases were detected at 11 stations, and no significant trends were detected at 19 stations. Long-term increases in total phosphorus load were detected at 3 stations, decreases were detected at 12 stations, and no significant trends were detected at 22 stations.
The median yields (mean annual load divided by drainage area) of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were significantly lower (p < 0.05) for the 13 streams in Texas than for the 24 streams east of the Sabine River (Texas-Louisiana boundary).
Statistically significant trends in annual streamflow were detected at only four stations. However, annual streamflow influences trends in load, even when the streamflow trends are not statistically significant.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri964113","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Gulf of Mexico Program, Nutrient Enrichment Issue Committtee","usgsCitation":"Dunn, D.E., 1996, Trends in nutrient inflows to the Gulf of Mexico from streams draining the conterminous United States, 1972-93: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4113, v, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964113.","productDescription":"v, 60 p.","temporalStart":"1972-01-01","temporalEnd":"1993-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327163,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri964113.JPG"},{"id":1986,"rank":99,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri96-4113/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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],\n [\n -79.89257812499999,\n 32.62087018318113\n ],\n [\n -79.38720703125,\n 32.89803818160524\n ],\n [\n -79.07958984375,\n 33.137551192346145\n ],\n [\n -78.92578124999999,\n 33.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7318","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunn, David E.","contributorId":86381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunn","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27606,"text":"wri964069 - 1996 - Water-quality assessment of the Rio Grande Valley, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas: Occurrence and distribution of selected pesticides and nutrients at selected surface-water sites in the Mesilla Valley, 1994-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-19T22:38:03.147955","indexId":"wri964069","displayToPublicDate":"1997-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4069","title":"Water-quality assessment of the Rio Grande Valley, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas: Occurrence and distribution of selected pesticides and nutrients at selected surface-water sites in the Mesilla Valley, 1994-95","docAbstract":"The Rio Grande Valley study unit of the U.S. Geological Survey \r\nNational Water-Quality Assessment Program conducted a two-phase \r\nsynoptic study of the occurrence and distribution of pesticides \r\nand nutrients in the surface water of the Mesilla Valley, New \r\nMexico and Texas. Phase one, conducted in April-May 1994 during \r\nthe high-flow irrigation season, consisted of a 6-week time-\r\nseries sampling event during which 17 water-column samples were \r\ncollected at 3 main-stem sites on the Rio Grande and a synoptic \r\nirrigation-run sampling event during which 19 water-column \r\nsamples were collected at 7 main-stem sites, 10 drain sites, and 2 \r\nsites at the discharges of wastewater-treatment plants. Three \r\nsamples are included in both the time-series and irrigation-run \r\nevents. Phase two, conducted in January 1995 during the low-flow \r\nnon-irrigation season, consisted of a non-irrigation synoptic \r\nsampling event during which 18 water-column samples were \r\ncollected at seven main-stem sites, nine drain sites, and two \r\nsites at the discharges of wastewater-treatment plants and a bed-\r\nmaterial sampling event during which 6 bed-material samples were \r\ncollected at six sites near the mouths of drains that discharge to \r\nthe Rio Grande.\r\n\r\n The 51 water-column samples were analyzed for 78 pesticides \r\nand metabolites and 8 nutrients along with other constituents. \r\nThe six bed-material samples were analyzed for 21 pesticides and \r\nmetabolites, gross polychlorinated biphenyls, and gross \r\npolychlorinated naphthalenes. \r\n\r\n The presence of dissolved pesticides in the surface water of \r\nthe Mesilla Valley is erratic. A total of 100 detections of 17 \r\ndifferent pesticides were detected in 44 of the water-column \r\nsamples. As many as 38 percent of these detections may be \r\nattributed to pesticide use upstream from the valley or to \r\nnonagricultural pesticide use within the valley. There were 29 \r\ndetections of 10 different pesticides in 17 samples during the \r\nirrigation run and 41 detections of 13 pesticides in 16 samples \r\nduring the non-irrigation run. Nine pesticides were detected \r\nduring both phases of the study.\r\n\r\n The most commonly detected pesticides in the water-column \r\nsamples were DCPA, which was detected in 29 samples, and \r\nmetolachlor, which was detected in 17 of the samples. DCPA was \r\ndetected throughout the Mesilla Valley, whereas metolachlor was \r\ndetected mainly in the northern and central parts of the valley. \r\nThe maximum pesticide concentration found during the study was \r\n0.75 microgram per liter of carbofuran, which was detected at the \r\nEast Side Drain site during the irrigation run. No water-column \r\npesticide concentration exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection \r\nAgency's drinking-water standards or any applicable Federal or \r\nState criteria or guidelines.\r\n\r\n A total of 21 occurrences of six pesticides and metabolites \r\nwere found in the bed-material samples. Chlordane, diazinon, and \r\nmethyl parathion were detected once each, whereas DDD, DDE, and \r\nDDT were detected at all six bed-material sites.\r\n\r\n Water-column samples for the analysis of nutrient \r\nconcentrations were collected at all sampling sites during both \r\nphases of the study. The concentrations of each nutrient ranged \r\nfrom at or below the individual minimum reporting level to as much \r\nas two or three orders of magnitude larger than the minimum \r\nreporting level. The concentration of each nutrient was left \r\nskewed with most of the values toward the lower end of the range. \r\nThe larger concentrations of each nutrient, except dissolved \r\nnitrite plus nitrate, were associated with wastewater-treatment-\r\nplant sites 4 and 16. The larger concentrations of dissolved \r\nnitrite plus nitrate were generally associated with the non-\r\nirrigation run; however, the largest concentration was at site 4 \r\nduring the irrigation run.\r\n\r\n During this study, the Mesilla Valley as a unit was a source \r\nof nutrients to the Rio Grande. Wi","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964069","usgsCitation":"Healy, D.F., 1996, Water-quality assessment of the Rio Grande Valley, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas: Occurrence and distribution of selected pesticides and nutrients at selected surface-water sites in the Mesilla Valley, 1994-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4069, vii, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964069.","productDescription":"vii, 85 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410750,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48434.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56472,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4069/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4069/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Mesilla Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.98142324849674,\n 31.81810313829402\n ],\n [\n -106.48802493820439,\n 31.81810313829402\n ],\n [\n -106.48802493820439,\n 32.453885584339304\n ],\n [\n -106.98142324849674,\n 32.453885584339304\n ],\n [\n -106.98142324849674,\n 31.81810313829402\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cde4b07f02db544bb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, D. F.","contributorId":97120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27115,"text":"wri964038B - 1996 - Habitat characteristics of benchmark streams in agricultural areas of eastern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T15:06:10","indexId":"wri964038B","displayToPublicDate":"1997-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4038","chapter":"B","title":"Habitat characteristics of benchmark streams in agricultural areas of eastern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Stream habitat characteristics were measured at twenty sites in agricultural areas of eastern Wisconsin by the U.S. Geological Survey in May and June, 1993 as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program Western Lake Michigan Drainages study unit. These \"benchmark\" stream sites were selected for study to represent standards of reference for comparison to other streams in similar physical settings that appear to be more detrimentally affected by agriculture. The agricultural benchmark streams were selected from four physical settings, or relatively homogeneous units (RHU's), that differ in bedrock type and texture of surficial deposits. Habitat characteristics at streams in these four physical settings are described and compared to each other, and a habitat classification scheme was used to rank the quality of habitat in these streams. Additional aquatic information was collected along with the habitat data: water-quality data and population surveys of fish, invertebrates, and algae. Habitat data were collected at three levels: drainage basin, stream segment between major tributaries (length from 1 to 14 km), and stream reach (approximately 150m). Results of statistical analyses show that, in general, most correlations are among basin-level habitat characteristics. Few correlations were observed among reach- and basin-level characteristics. Principal components analysis (PCA) on basin-level data resulted in principal components that reflect RHU, land use or latitude, and basin size. Groupings of habitat characteristics at the reach level are less clearly attributed to some outside environmental factor. Streams that have undergone habitat restoration for fisheries group closely together on PCA ordination plots. Less than half of the habitat characteristics were found to be significantly different between one RHU and the other three. Characteristics that differed between RHU's were mainly at the basin level but also included some reach-level characteristics. Stream-habitat characteristics were classified according to the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Great Lakes Environmental Assessment Section (GLEAS) Procedure 51. No relation was found between GLEAS scores and RHU or the percentage of agricultural land in the drainage basins above the benchmark-stream sites. GLEAS scores were varied in each RHU. Streams with high GLEAS scores (rated good or excellent) can be considered benchmark or reference streams as far as habitat is concerned. Of the 20 streams sampled, 16 met this criterion.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964038B","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F., Peterson, E.M., and Stewart, J., 1996, Habitat characteristics of benchmark streams in agricultural areas of eastern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4038, vi, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964038B.","productDescription":"vi, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4038b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55973,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4038b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.483642578125,\n 43.1090040242731\n ],\n [\n -89.483642578125,\n 45.46783598133375\n ],\n [\n -86.737060546875,\n 45.46783598133375\n ],\n [\n -86.737060546875,\n 43.1090040242731\n ],\n [\n -89.483642578125,\n 43.1090040242731\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"\\National Water-Quality Assessment Program: Western Lake Michigan Drainages","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649771","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, F. A. 0000-0002-9748-7075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":61446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, E. M.","contributorId":70805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, J.S.","contributorId":65890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25869,"text":"wri954217 - 1996 - Geohydrologic site characterization of the municipal solid waste landfill facility, U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery Center and Fort Bliss, El Paso County, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-16T21:15:01.036973","indexId":"wri954217","displayToPublicDate":"1997-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4217","title":"Geohydrologic site characterization of the municipal solid waste landfill facility, U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery Center and Fort Bliss, El Paso County, Texas","docAbstract":"Geohydrologic conditions of the Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Facility (MSWLF) on the U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery Center and Fort Bliss, El Paso County, Texas, were evaluated by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Army. The 106.03-acre MSWLF has been in operation since January 1974. The landfill contains household refuse, Post solid wastes, bulky items, grass and tree trimmings from family housing, refuse from litter cans, construction debris, classified waste (dry), dead animals, asbestos, and empty oil cans.
The MSWLF, located about 1,200 feet east of the nearest occupied structure, is estimated to receive an average of approximately 56 tons of municipal solid waste per day and, at a fill rate of 1-4 acres per year, is expected to reach its capacity by the year 2004. The MSWLF is located in the Hueco Bolson, 4 miles east of the Franklin Mountains. Elevations at the MSWLF range from 3,907 to 3,937 feet above sea level. The climate at the MSWLF and vicinity is arid continental, characterized by an abundance of sunny days, high summer temperatures, relatively cool winters typical of arid areas, scanty rainfall, and very low humidity throughout the year. Average annual temperature near the MSWLF and vicinity is 63.3 degrees Fahrenheit and annual precipitation is 7.8 inches. Potential evaporation in the El Paso area was estimated to be 65 inches per year. Soils at and adjacent to the MSWLF are nearly level to gently sloping, have a fine sandy loam subsoil, and are moderately deep over caliche.
The MSWLF is underlain by Hueco Bolson deposits of Tertiary age and typically are composed of unconsolidated to slightly consolidated interbedded sands, clay, silt, gravel, and caliche. Individual beds are not well defined and range in thickness from a fraction of an inch to about 100 feet. The primary source of ground water in the MSWLF area is in the deposits of the Hueco Bolson. A relatively thick vadose zone of approximately 300 feet overlies the aquifer of the Hueco Bolson deposits in the vicinity of the MSWLF. A deep water table prevails for all of the study area. Whether any perched water zones exist below the MSWLF is unknown. Under current conditions, extensive ground-water development by the City of El Paso encompasses the MSWLF. Hydraulic characteristics of the Hueco Bolson vary significantly as a result of the nonuniform nature of the individual beds. Wells in the vicinity of the MSWLF range in depth from about 600 feet to greater than 1,200 feet. Recharge resulting from direct infiltration of precipitation is minor due to the high evaporation and low precipitation rates. The hydraulic gradient in the vicinity of the MSWLF is generally to the south but may vary due to pumpage of a well located on the northeast corner of the perimeter boundary. Ground-water monitoring data for the MSWLF vicinity show a water-level decline of 55.65 feet from November 1958 to December 1987. Depth to water at the northeast corner of the MSWLF as of July 26, 1994, was 325.8 feet below land surface.
The city-operated Shearman Well Field, located north of the MSWLF, is a primary source of ground water for the City of El Paso. The test-pumping rate of well JL-49-05-914 (the well nearest to the MSWLF having test-pumping data) was 1,972 gallons per minute on July 20, 1992; the static water level prior to pumping was 317.54 feet below land surface. El Paso Water Utilities reports that the pumping level after 8 hours of pumping was 367.80 feet below land surface, resulting in a drawdown of 50.26 feet, transmissivity of 22,200 feet squared per day (166,000 gallons per day per foot), and specific capacity of 39.2 gallons per minute per foot of drawdown. After the well was shut off, the well recovered to a static water level of 317.46 feet below land surface on July 21, 1992.
Ground water in the El Paso area is chemically suitable for most uses. El Paso Water Utilities reports that concentrations of dissolved solids in the vicinity of the MSWLF generally range from 297 to 625 milligrams per liter (wells JL-49-05-904 and JL-49-05-915, respectively).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954217","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army, U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery Center, and Fort Bliss","usgsCitation":"Abeyta, C.G., 1996, Geohydrologic site characterization of the municipal solid waste landfill facility, U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery Center and Fort Bliss, El Paso County, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4217, v, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954217.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":424453,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48305.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54622,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4217/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":119121,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4217/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"El Paso County","otherGeospatial":"Fort Bliss","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.3972,\n 31.8847\n ],\n [\n -106.3972,\n 31.8764\n ],\n [\n -106.3883,\n 31.8764\n ],\n [\n -106.3883,\n 31.8847\n ],\n [\n -106.3972,\n 31.8847\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8de2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abeyta, Cynthia G.","contributorId":52187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abeyta","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30404,"text":"wri964154 - 1996 - Low-flow characteristics and profiles for selected streams in the Roanoke River basin, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T14:25:07","indexId":"wri964154","displayToPublicDate":"1997-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4154","title":"Low-flow characteristics and profiles for selected streams in the Roanoke River basin, North Carolina","docAbstract":"An understanding of the magnitude and frequency of low-flow discharges is an important part of protecting surface-water resources and planning for municipal and industrial economic expansion. Low-flow characteristics are summarized for 22 continuous-record gaging stations in North Carolina (19 sites) and Virginia (3 sites) and 60 partial-record gaging stations in the North Carolina Roanoke River Basin. Records of discharge collected through the 1994 water year are used. Flow characteristics included in the summary are (1) average annual unit flow, (2) 7Q10 low-flow discharge, the minimum average discharge for a 7 consecutive-day period occurring, on average, once in 10 years; (3) 30Q2 low-flow discharge; (4) W7Q10 low-flow discharge, similar to 7Q10 discharge except that flow during November through March only is considered; and (5) 7Q2 low-flow discharge. The potential for sustaining base flows is moderate to high in the western part of the basin as well as in the eastern and western fringes of the Piedmont and Coastal Plain physiographic provinces, respectively. Areas of low potential for sustaining base flow exist in the central part of the basin (between eastern Caswell County and western Warren County), where soils have low infiltration rates, and in lower regions of the Coastal Plain, where small streams tend to have zero flow during prolonged drought.
Drainage area and low-flow discharge profiles are presented for 10 streams in the Roanoke River Basin in North Carolina and reflect a wide range in basin size, characteristics, and streamflow conditions. The selected streams are Town Fork Creek, Hogans Creek, Mayo River, Buffalo Creek, Smith River, Country Line Creek, Dan River, Marlowe Creek, Hyco River, and Roanoke River. The drainage-area profiles show the increases in drainage areas as streams travel their course in the basin. At the mouths of streams profiled, the drainage areas range from 22 miles to about 9,700 miles. Low-flow discharges for each stream include 7Q10, 30Q2, W7Q10, and 7Q2 discharges in a continuous profile with contributions from major tributaries included.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964154","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Division of Environmental Management of the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Weaver, J.C., 1996, Low-flow characteristics and profiles for selected streams in the Roanoke River basin, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4154, Report: iv, 56 p.; 1 Plate: 23.40 x 12.37 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964154.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 56 p.; 1 Plate: 23.40 x 12.37 inches","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4154/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59173,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4154/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":361507,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4154/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Roanoke River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.71307373046874,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.71307373046874,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.7103271484375,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.7103271484375,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.71307373046874,\n 35.67068501330236\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.39593505859375,\n 35.833401703805094\n ],\n [\n -77.12677001953125,\n 35.69968630125204\n ],\n [\n -76.82601928710938,\n 35.71083783530009\n ],\n [\n -76.651611328125,\n 35.91685961322499\n ],\n [\n -76.77383422851562,\n 36.010228040656735\n ],\n [\n -77.04437255859375,\n 36.1312200154285\n ],\n [\n -77.41653442382812,\n 36.43896124085945\n ],\n [\n -77.56484985351562,\n 36.493077506552744\n ],\n [\n -78.3984375,\n 36.54053616262899\n ],\n [\n -79.40917968749999,\n 36.55377524336089\n ],\n [\n -80.37597656249999,\n 36.56260003738545\n ],\n [\n -80.32516479492188,\n 36.14896463588831\n ],\n [\n -79.76898193359375,\n 36.1312200154285\n ],\n [\n -79.46273803710938,\n 36.33393438759289\n ],\n [\n -79.12490844726562,\n 36.379279167407965\n ],\n [\n -79.03358459472656,\n 36.377620677623874\n ],\n [\n -78.89076232910156,\n 36.387571085823566\n ],\n [\n -78.83308410644531,\n 36.40359962073253\n ],\n [\n -77.39593505859375,\n 35.833401703805094\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db6358fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weaver, J. Curtis 0000-0001-7068-5445 jcweaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-5445","contributorId":2229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"J.","email":"jcweaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Curtis","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":203193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32006,"text":"ofr96338 - 1996 - Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in the crystalline and metasedimentary rocks in East Brandywine, Upper Uwchlan and Uwchlan townships and parts of Caln, East Caln, and West Whiteland townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania, April 1993 through June 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-02T20:56:08.632882","indexId":"ofr96338","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-338","title":"Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in the crystalline and metasedimentary rocks in East Brandywine, Upper Uwchlan and Uwchlan townships and parts of Caln, East Caln, and West Whiteland townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania, April 1993 through June 1994","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96338","usgsCitation":"Aichele, S., and Wood, C.R., 1996, Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in the crystalline and metasedimentary rocks in East Brandywine, Upper Uwchlan and Uwchlan townships and parts of Caln, East Caln, and West Whiteland townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania, April 1993 through June 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-338, 1 Plate: 35.62 × 27.61 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96338.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 35.62 × 27.61 inches","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":60161,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0338/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":388817,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18614.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Chester County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.8170,\n 40.1190\n ],\n [\n -75.6140,\n 40.1190\n ],\n [\n -75.6140,\n 39.9890\n ],\n [\n -75.8170,\n 39.9890\n ],\n [\n -75.8170,\n 40.1190\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db68732d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aichele, Stephen S. 0000-0002-3397-7921 saichele@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-7921","contributorId":194508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aichele","given":"Stephen S.","email":"saichele@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":430,"text":"National Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":207440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, C. R.","contributorId":100386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24246,"text":"ofr96427 - 1996 - Drilling, construction, and caliper-log data for well 3-3503-01, North Upper Anahulu exploratory well, Oahu, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:12","indexId":"ofr96427","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-427","title":"Drilling, construction, and caliper-log data for well 3-3503-01, North Upper Anahulu exploratory well, Oahu, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The North Upper Anahulu exploratory well (Hawaii State well number 3-3503-01) was drilled about 3.1 miles east of the town of Haleiwa. The well is located on agricultural land in the Kawailoa ground-water area. The well was drilled to an elevation of about -103 feet below mean sea level and penetrates about 110 feet into a basalt aquifer. Well-construction data, logs of drilling notes, geologic descriptions for the samples, and caliper-log data are presented for the well. The well is one of 12 exploratory wells drilled in the north-central Oahu area between July 1993 and May 1994 in cooperation with the Honolulu Board of Water Supply.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96427","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Presley, T., and Oki, D., 1996, Drilling, construction, and caliper-log data for well 3-3503-01, North Upper Anahulu exploratory well, Oahu, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-427, iii, 11 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96427.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0427/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53376,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0427/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633e8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Presley, T.K.","contributorId":61858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presley","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oki, D.S.","contributorId":75184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oki","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24248,"text":"ofr96429 - 1996 - Drilling, construction, and caliper-log data for well 3-3505-26, Opaeula exploratory well, Oahu, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:12","indexId":"ofr96429","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-429","title":"Drilling, construction, and caliper-log data for well 3-3505-26, Opaeula exploratory well, Oahu, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The Opaeula exploratory well (State well number 3-3505-26) was drilled about 1.2 miles east- southeast of the town of Haleiwa. The well is located on agricultural land in the Waialua ground-water area. The well was drilled at an elevation of about 287 feet above mean sea level and penetrates about 75 feet into a basalt aquifer. Well-construction data, logs of drilling notes, geologic descriptions for the samples, and caliper-log data are presented for the well. The well is one of 12 exploratory wells drilled in the north-central Oahu area between July 1993 and May 1994 in cooperation with the Honolulu Board of Water Supply.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96429","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Presley, T., and Oki, D., 1996, Drilling, construction, and caliper-log data for well 3-3505-26, Opaeula exploratory well, Oahu, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-429, iii, 10 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96429.","productDescription":"iii, 10 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0429/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53378,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0429/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633e6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Presley, T.K.","contributorId":61858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presley","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oki, D.S.","contributorId":75184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oki","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24247,"text":"ofr96428 - 1996 - Drilling, construction, and caliper-log data for well 3-3505-25, North Lower Anahulu exploratory well, Oahu, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-30T17:12:07","indexId":"ofr96428","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-428","title":"Drilling, construction, and caliper-log data for well 3-3505-25, North Lower Anahulu exploratory well, Oahu, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The North Lower Anahulu exploratory well (State well number 3-3505-25) was drilled about 1.4 miles east-northeast of the town of Haleiwa. The well was drilled on agricultural land in the Kawailoa ground-water area. The well was drilled from an elevation of about 232 feet above mean sea level and penetrates about 22 feet into a basalt aquifer. Well-construction data, logs of drilling notes, geologic descriptions for the samples, and caliper-log data are presented for the well. The well is one of 12 exploratory wells drilled in the north-central Oahu area between July, 1993 and May, 1994 in cooperation with the Honolulu Board of Water Supply.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Honolulu, HI","doi":"10.3133/ofr96428","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperatih with the City and County of Honolulu Board of Water Supply","usgsCitation":"Presley, T., and Oki, D., 1996, Drilling, construction, and caliper-log data for well 3-3505-25, North Lower Anahulu exploratory well, Oahu, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-428, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96428.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0428/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53377,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0428/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633eb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Presley, T.K.","contributorId":61858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presley","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oki, D.S.","contributorId":75184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oki","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24252,"text":"ofr96430 - 1996 - Drilling, construction, caliper-log, and specific-conductance data for well 3-3604-01, Kawailoa deep monitor well, Oahu, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:12","indexId":"ofr96430","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-430","title":"Drilling, construction, caliper-log, and specific-conductance data for well 3-3604-01, Kawailoa deep monitor well, Oahu, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The Kawailoa deep monitor well (State well number 3-3604-01) was drilled about 1.9 miles east- northeast of the town of Haleiwa. The well is on agricultural land in the Kawailoa ground-water area. The well penetrates through the freshwater lens and into the freshwater-saltwater transition zone to an elevation of -392 feet below mean sea level. Well-construction data, logs of drilling notes, geologic descriptions for the samples, specific-conductance and caliper-log data are presented for the well. The well is one of 12 exploratory wells drilled in the north-central Oahu area between July 1993 and May 1994 in cooperation with the Honolulu Board of Water Supply.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96430","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Presley, T., and Oki, D., 1996, Drilling, construction, caliper-log, and specific-conductance data for well 3-3604-01, Kawailoa deep monitor well, Oahu, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-430, iii, 14 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96430.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0430/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53382,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0430/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633e7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Presley, T.K.","contributorId":61858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presley","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oki, D.S.","contributorId":75184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oki","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":32010,"text":"ofr96367 - 1996 - Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface, December 6, 1994, in the carbonate rocks in part of East Whiteland and Charlestown townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T21:34:12.689504","indexId":"ofr96367","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-367","title":"Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface, December 6, 1994, in the carbonate rocks in part of East Whiteland and Charlestown townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"A map showing ground-water levels in the carbonate rocks in part of East Whiteland and Charlestown Townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania, was constructed from water levels measured in 64 wells on December 6, 1994. Observed water-level altitudes range from 226 feet above sea level near Morehall Road to 400 feet above sea level near State Route 401 in East Whiteland Township.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96367","usgsCitation":"McManus, B., and Sloto, R., 1996, Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface, December 6, 1994, in the carbonate rocks in part of East Whiteland and Charlestown townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-367, 1 Plate: 16.56 × 23.96 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96367.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 16.56 × 23.96 inches","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":60170,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0367/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":404717,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18619.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Chester","otherGeospatial":"East Whiteland and Charleston Townships","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.592,\n 40.043\n ],\n [\n -75.527,\n 40.043\n ],\n [\n -75.527,\n 40.077\n ],\n [\n -75.592,\n 40.077\n ],\n [\n -75.592,\n 40.043\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a657","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McManus, B. C.","contributorId":45731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McManus","given":"B. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sloto, R. A.","contributorId":36155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":32005,"text":"ofr96336 - 1996 - Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in the crystalline and metasedimentary rocks in Birmingham, Newlin, Pennsbury, and Pocopson Townships and parts of East Marlborough and Kennett Townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania, June 1994 through November 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-13T21:40:46.62252","indexId":"ofr96336","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-336","title":"Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in the crystalline and metasedimentary rocks in Birmingham, Newlin, Pennsbury, and Pocopson Townships and parts of East Marlborough and Kennett Townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania, June 1994 through November 1995","docAbstract":"A map showing ground-water levels in crystalline and metasedimentary rocks in Birmingham, Newlin, Pennsbury, and Pocopson Townships and parts of East Marlborough and Kennett Townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania, was constructed from water levels measured in wells from June 1994 through November 1995. Pre-1994 measurements were incorporated on the map to provide control in areas where more recent data were not available. Because little ground-water development has occurred in the areas where pre-1994 water levels were used, levels are assumed to be the same in 1994 and 1995 as they were when the measurement was made.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96336","usgsCitation":"Wood, C.R., Wettstein, W.C., Aichele, S., Joyce, J., and Schneider, F.M., 1996, Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in the crystalline and metasedimentary rocks in Birmingham, Newlin, Pennsbury, and Pocopson Townships and parts of East Marlborough and Kennett Townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania, June 1994 through November 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-336, 1 Plate: 35.44 × 27.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96336.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 35.44 × 27.00 inches","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science 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Charles R.","contributorId":30259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wettstein, William C.","contributorId":58687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wettstein","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aichele, Stephen S. 0000-0002-3397-7921 saichele@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-7921","contributorId":194508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aichele","given":"Stephen S.","email":"saichele@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":430,"text":"National Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":207439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Joyce, 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr969","usgsCitation":"Doebrich, J., Garside, L., and Shawe, D.R., 1996, Characterization of mineral deposits in rocks of the Triassic to Jurassic magmatic arc of western Nevada and eastern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-9, Report: 107 p.; 2 Plates: 24.69 × 18.53 inches and 21.90 × 19.62 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr969.","productDescription":"Report: 107 p.; 2 Plates: 24.69 × 18.53 inches and 21.90 × 19.62 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":52302,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0009/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52301,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0009/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":407625,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18572.htm","text":"Pamlico and Lucky Boy mining districts","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52303,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0009/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154444,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0009/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":465504,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52705.htm","text":"Yerington mining district","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465505,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52706.htm","text":"Gardnerville mining district","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465506,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52707.htm","text":"Meadow Lake mining district","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.712,\n 38.438\n ],\n [\n -118.439,\n 38.438\n ],\n [\n -118.439,\n 38.4883\n ],\n [\n -118.712,\n 38.4883\n ],\n [\n -118.712,\n 38.438\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4dbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doebrich, J. 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The maps are mutually consistent in that runoff equals precipitation minus evapotranspiration everywhere. The runoff map is based on records of streamflow from 503 watersheds in the United States and southernmost Canada, adjusted to/1951-80 and supplemented by records of precipitation at 483 stations. Precipitation at each station was partitioned into point estimates of runoff and evapotranspiration, which were constrained such that the evapotranspiration estimates varied smoothly across the region and decreased with increasing latitude and altitude, and the runoff estimates were consistent with measured runoff from nearby watersheds. A point estimate of runoff was allowed to equal mean runoff in a nearby watershed, or to be somewhat higher (or lower) if a compensating departure from mean watershed runoff could be inferred in distant parts of the watershed on the basis of altitude or regional trends. Then,precipitation contours were drawn to parallel runoff contours but differ from them by the magnitude of nearby estimates of evapotranspiration. These maps may slightly underrepresent mean precipitation and evapotranspiration in areas of high relief, because most precipitation stations in such areas are in valleys. Map accuracy is evaluated.
\nThe maps and text are designed to be printed as 34x53 inch plates; they may not be legible if printed in their entirety at appreciably smaller scales. The Arc/Info coverages from which these maps were prepared are available at the Water Resources National Spatial Data Infrastructure Node: ofr96395_eva, ofr96395_pre, and ofr96395_run (evapotranspiration, precipitation, and runoff).
\nDescriptors: *Annual Runoff, *Areal precipitation, *Runoff, *Evapotranspiration Precipitation, Rainfall, New York, New England, Northeast
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr96395","usgsCitation":"Randall, A.D., 1996, Mean annual runoff, precipitation, and evapotranspiration in the glaciated northeastern United States, 1951-80: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-395, 2 Plates: 39.72 x 26.18 inches and 39.56 x 26.28 inches; Additional Report Pieces: HTML Documents, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96395.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 39.72 x 26.18 inches and 39.56 x 26.28 inches; Additional Report Pieces: HTML Documents","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161484,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":326210,"rank":5,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ofr96395_pre.xml","text":"Mean Annual Precipitation","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 1996-395"},{"id":326209,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?ofr96395_eva","text":"Mean Annual Evapotranspiration","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 1996-395"},{"id":323471,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0395/ofr19960395_plate2.pdf","text":"Plate 2 - Mean Annual Precipitation and Evapotranspiration","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 1996-395"},{"id":411094,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18620.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":326211,"rank":6,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?ofr96395_run","text":"Mean Annual Runoff","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 1996-395"},{"id":323470,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0395/ofr19960395_plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1 - Mean Annual Runoff","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 1996-395"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.88704344844734,\n 44.72451380650341\n ],\n [\n -67.769625005774,\n 45.847535577581226\n ],\n [\n -67.95151824526359,\n 47.33891192541063\n ],\n [\n -69.27284446740163,\n 47.38896849977937\n ],\n [\n -70.54129238353978,\n 45.42854076380854\n ],\n [\n -72.16519815840661,\n 45.003283268342074\n ],\n [\n -74.87769692747639,\n 45.01043758351153\n ],\n [\n -76.916240562106,\n 43.60414605003166\n ],\n [\n -78.98857966521695,\n 43.52967522940537\n ],\n [\n -79.00692556125968,\n 42.73326672870621\n ],\n [\n -82.8035108127643,\n 41.46464262280543\n ],\n [\n -82.01096874023264,\n 39.28459674336264\n ],\n [\n -73.21349772715276,\n 39.142401735418645\n ],\n [\n -69.45647664633981,\n 41.17397797707059\n ],\n [\n -66.85870393647696,\n 44.59984971585524\n ],\n [\n -66.83946989103018,\n 44.752544097895395\n ],\n [\n -66.88704344844734,\n 44.72451380650341\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5602
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Georgia Geologic Survey","usgsCitation":"Clarke, J.S., Falls, W.F., Edwards, L.E., Frederiksen, N.O., Bybell, L.M., Gibson, T.G., Gohn, G., and Farley, F.R., 1996, Hydrogeologic data and aquifer interconnection in a multi-aquifer system in coastal plain sediments near Millhaven, Screven County, Georgia, 1991-1995: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 99, vi, 43 p.","productDescription":"vi, 43 p.","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386760,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":386759,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://epd.georgia.gov/outreach/publications/georgia-geologic-survey-information-circulars"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Screven County","city":"Millhaven","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.68197631835938,\n 32.89169608080795\n ],\n [\n -81.57005310058594,\n 32.89169608080795\n ],\n [\n -81.57005310058594,\n 32.974683996129144\n ],\n [\n -81.68197631835938,\n 32.974683996129144\n ],\n [\n -81.68197631835938,\n 32.89169608080795\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clarke, John S. jsclarke@usgs.gov","contributorId":400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"John","email":"jsclarke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Falls, William F.","contributorId":260648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Falls","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frederiksen, Norman O.","contributorId":50880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederiksen","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bybell, Laurel M. 0000-0002-4760-7542 lbybell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-7542","contributorId":1760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bybell","given":"Laurel","email":"lbybell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gibson, Thomas G.","contributorId":25180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gohn, Gregory 0000-0003-2000-479X ggohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2000-479X","contributorId":219822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gohn","given":"Gregory","email":"ggohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Farley, Fleming R.","contributorId":7010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farley","given":"Fleming","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70218184,"text":"70218184 - 1996 - Tertiary igneous rocks and Laramide structure and stratigraphy of the Spanish Peaks Region, South-Central Colorado: Road log and descriptions from Walsenburg to La Veta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-18T15:18:09.079852","indexId":"70218184","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-31T09:09:11","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":128,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"96-04-28","title":"Tertiary igneous rocks and Laramide structure and stratigraphy of the Spanish Peaks Region, South-Central Colorado: Road log and descriptions from Walsenburg to La Veta","docAbstract":"The Spanish Peaks are located in the western part of the Raton basin in south-central Colorado, southwest of Walsenburg. The two peaks, West Spanish Peak (WSP, 13,626 feet) and East Spanish Peak (ESP, 12,683 feet), are located on the upland part of the far western edge of the Great Plains physiographic region. East of Spanish Peaks, a deeply dissected plateau extends into the Great Plains.
The Raton basin, an asymmetric structure of Laramide age, underlies and surrounds the Spanish Peaks. The basin extends north from Ute Park, New Mexico, to Huerfano Park, Colorado. The juncture of steeply dipping western and gently dipping eastern limbs of the Raton basin forms the basin axis, known locally as the La Veta syncline. The La Veta syncline extends north-northwest into Huerfano Park, between the Sangre de Cristo and Wet Mountains.
These features and others such as the Laramide orogeny, igneous rocks, and an overview of petrology are discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado Geogralogical Survey","usgsCitation":"Penn, B.S., and Lindsay, D., 1996, Tertiary igneous rocks and Laramide structure and stratigraphy of the Spanish Peaks Region, South-Central Colorado: Road log and descriptions from Walsenburg to La Veta: Open-File Report 96-04-28, 21 p.","productDescription":"21 p.","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383312,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":383311,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/tertiary-igneous-rocks-laramide-structure-stratigraphy-spanish-peaks-colorado/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Raton basin, Spanish Peaks","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.11032104492188,\n 37.09681225368691\n ],\n [\n -104.51156616210938,\n 37.09681225368691\n ],\n [\n -104.51156616210938,\n 37.621845878167704\n ],\n [\n -105.11032104492188,\n 37.621845878167704\n ],\n [\n -105.11032104492188,\n 37.09681225368691\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Penn, Brian S.","contributorId":251709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penn","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindsay, D. A.","contributorId":108137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsay","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70197374,"text":"70197374 - 1996 - U.S. East Coast EEZ: Part II","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-31T10:27:07","indexId":"70197374","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"U.S. East Coast EEZ: Part II","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology of the United States' Sea Floor: The View from GLORIA","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","usgsCitation":"Robb, J.M., Dillon, W.P., O’Leary, D.W., and Popenoe, P., 1996, U.S. East Coast EEZ: Part II, chap. of Geology of the United States' Sea Floor: The View from GLORIA, p. 43-45.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"45","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354620,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b159a1ae4b092d9651e224d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robb, James M.","contributorId":73272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robb","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":736903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":736904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Leary, Dennis W","contributorId":201996,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Leary","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":12545,"text":"USGS retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Popenoe, P.","contributorId":105434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Popenoe","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188080,"text":"70188080 - 1996 - Hematology and clinical chemistry of sea otters vaptured in Prince William Sound, Alaska following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:38:04","indexId":"70188080","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Hematology and clinical chemistry of sea otters vaptured in Prince William Sound, Alaska following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill","docAbstract":"Hematologic and serum chemical analyses were performed on sea otter blood samples collected from 31 adult males, 63 adult females, and 42 pups captured in western Prince William Sound (oiled area), and 12 adult males, 40 adult females, and 15 pups captured in eastern Prince William Sound (unoiled area) in 1989 and 1990. Hematologic differences between eastern and western adult males were minimal. Both hematocrits and hemoglobins were higher in western than eastern otters but the biological significance of this is equivocal. Western males had higher absolute eosinophil counts, suggesting possible systemic hypersensitivity reactions. Western males had higher serum protein and serum globulin levels than eastern males, suggesting greater antigenic stimulation (more inflammatory and/or infectious conditions). There were no differences in hematologic parameters between eastern and western female otters. Some chemistry changes were present, but the degree of difference was small. Total protein and serum globulin levels were slightly higher in western females, a finding also seen in adult males. Mean levels of liver enzymes for western females were somewhat higher than for the eastern otters, suggesting the possibility of subclinical liver disease. As a group, western pup hematocrits, hemoglobins, and red cell counts were significantly lower than those of eastern pups. From a biological perspective, these reductions were minimal but supported by individual animal data. The red cell data suggest a mild anemia in western pups; however, the degree of anemia was minimal, so that biological significance was equivocal. Other hematologic and clinical chemical differences between eastern and western pups were not striking and were also of equivocal biological significance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","usgsCitation":"Rebar, A., Ballachey, B.E., Bruden, D., and Kloecker, K.A., 1996, Hematology and clinical chemistry of sea otters vaptured in Prince William Sound, Alaska following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, v, 7 p.","productDescription":"v, 7 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341897,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.9141845703125,\n 59.883424842958966\n ],\n [\n -145.4974365234375,\n 59.883424842958966\n ],\n [\n -145.4974365234375,\n 61.31508836322822\n ],\n [\n -148.9141845703125,\n 61.31508836322822\n ],\n [\n -148.9141845703125,\n 59.883424842958966\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84cce4b092b266f10dfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rebar, A.H.","contributorId":40150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rebar","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bruden, D.L.","contributorId":192463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bruden","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kloecker, Kimberly A. 0000-0002-2461-968X kkloecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-968X","contributorId":3442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloecker","given":"Kimberly","email":"kkloecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70203623,"text":"70203623 - 1996 - Plant succession and greentree reservoir management: Implications for management and restoration of bottomland hardwood wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-29T08:32:20","indexId":"70203623","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-01T09:17:04","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plant succession and greentree reservoir management: Implications for management and restoration of bottomland hardwood wetlands","docAbstract":"Bottomland hardwood forests are distributed along rivers and streams throughout the central and eastern United States, with the greatest concentration in the Southeast. Past and projected losses of bottomland hardwoods and degradation of remaining stands suggest that habitat management and/or restoration strategies that target multiple species and multiple uses will be necessary to maintain, enhance, and restore flora and fauna within bottomland hardwood wetlands. A greentree reservoir is a current management strategy that entails manipulating water regimes to provide habitat for wintering waterfowl. We conducted a literature review and synthesis to determine the potential impacts of greentree reservoir management on plant succession within bottomland hardwood wetlands. Greentree reservoirs can impact vegetation establishment through several processes. Despite shortcomings of greentree reservoirs, designs similar to them could be very beneficial in restoring bottomland hardwood plant and animal communities from degraded forests provided water-level control and maintenance are substantially improved. Emulation of natural hydrologic regimes, including natural variability, could produce diverse bottomland hardwood plant communities and provide habitat for a variety of wildlife species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF03161340","usgsCitation":"King, S.L., and Allen, J., 1996, Plant succession and greentree reservoir management: Implications for management and restoration of bottomland hardwood wetlands: Wetlands, v. 16, no. 4, p. 503-511, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161340.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"503","endPage":"511","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364172,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Sammy L. 0000-0002-5364-6361 sking@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5364-6361","contributorId":557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Sammy","email":"sking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, James A. 0000-0001-6459-5734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6459-5734","contributorId":108095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":25826,"text":"wri964098 - 1996 - Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin: Environmental setting and study design","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-19T21:53:18.888967","indexId":"wri964098","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4098","title":"Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin: Environmental setting and study design","docAbstract":"The Upper Mississippi River Basin is diverse in ways that can control the areal distribution and flow of water and the distribution and concentration of constituents that affect water quality. A review of the environmental setting of the Upper Mississippi River Basin study unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program is intended to put water quality in perspective with the geology, soils, climate, hydrology, ecology and historical uses of the land and provides a basis for the sampling design of the study.
\nThe Upper Mississippi River Basin study unit encompasses about 47,000 square miles and includes all of the basin upstream from Lake Pepin. The climate of the study unit is subhumid continental with cold dry winters and warm, moist summers. Average annual precipitation ranges from 22 inches in the western part of the study unit to 32 inches in the east. Annual runoff ranges from less than 2 inches in the west to 14 inches in the northeast.
\nThe physiography of the study unit includes the Superior Upland and the Central Lowland Provinces. The Wisconsin Driftless Area and the Dissected Till Plains are unique physiographic sections of the Central Lowland Province. Hydrogeologic units in glacial deposits include surficial and buried sand and gravel aquifers and confining units. Bedrock aquifers and confining units are part of a thick sequence of sedimentary rocks that can be divided into major aquifers separated by confining units.
\nThe population of the study unit was about 3,640,000 as of 1990 and increased 16 percent between 1970 and 1990. Seventy-five percent of the population lives in the Twin Cities metropolitan area. An average of 413 million gallons of water per day was used 59 percent from ground water and 41 percent from surface water. Land use and land cover in the study unit consists of forested, agricultural, and urban areas. About 63 percent of the land area is agricultural.
\nThe quality of water in streams and ground water are affected by both natural and anthropogenic factors. The quality of water is generally satisfactory for most domestic, public, industrial, and irrigation uses. Most water is of the calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate type.
\nThe initial six-year phase of the Upper Mississippi River Basin National Water-Quality Assessment, lasting from 1994 to 1999, focuses on data collection and analysis in a 19,500 square-mile area in Minnesota and Wisconsin that includes the Twin Cities metropolitan area. The study design focuses on factors that have an influence on or a potential influence on the water quality in that area. The most significant contaminants include nutrients, pesticides, synthetic-organic compounds, and trace metals.
\nEnvironmental stratification consists of dividing the study unit into subareas with homogeneous characteristics to assess natural and anthropogenic factors affecting water quality. The assessment of water quality in streams and in aquifers is based on the sampling design that compares water quality within homogeneous subareas defined by subbasins or aquifer boundaries. The study unit is stratified at four levels for the surface-water component: glacial deposit composition, surficial geology, general land use and land cover, and secondary land use. Ground-water studies emphasize shallow ground water where quality is most likely influenced by overlying land use and land cover. Stratification for ground-water sampling is superimposed on the distribution of shallow aquifers. For each aquifer and surface-water basin this stratification forms the basis for the proposed sampling design used in the Upper Mississippi River Basin National Water-Quality Assessment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri964098","usgsCitation":"Stark, J., Andrews, W., Fallon, J.D., Fong, A.L., Goldstein, R.M., Hanson, P.E., Kroening, S., and Lee, K.E., 1996, Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin: Environmental setting and study design: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4098, vi, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964098.","productDescription":"vi, 62 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410743,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48457.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54575,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4098/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4098/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.3238525390625, 46.145588688591964 ], [ -91.40625, 46.10370875598026 ], [ -91.4501953125, 46.0998999106273 ], [ -91.5655517578125, 46.027481852486645 ], [ -91.56005859375, 45.96260622242165 ], [ -91.614990234375, 45.90147732739488 ], [ -91.7083740234375, 45.82497145796607 ], [ -91.7962646484375, 45.744526980468436 ], [ 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M.","contributorId":98305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hanson, P. E.","contributorId":58683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kroening, S. E.","contributorId":31793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroening","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lee, K. E.","contributorId":100014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":28372,"text":"wri954201 - 1996 - Availability and quality of water from drift aquifers in Marshall, Pennington, Polk, and Red Lake counties, northwestern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T13:11:07","indexId":"wri954201","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4201","title":"Availability and quality of water from drift aquifers in Marshall, Pennington, Polk, and Red Lake counties, northwestern Minnesota","docAbstract":"Sand and gravel aquifers present within glacial deposits are important sources of water in Marshall, Pennington, Polk, and Red Lake Counties in northwestern Minnesota. Saturated thicknesses of the unconfined aquifers range from 0 to 30 feet. Estimated horizontal hydraulic conductivities range from 2.5 to 600 feet per day. Transmissivity of the unconfined aquifers ranges from 33 to greater than 3,910 feet squared per day. Theoretical maximum well yields for 6 wells with specific-capacity data range from 12 to 123 gallons per minute.
\nSaturated thicknesses of shallow confined aquifers (depth to top of the aquifer less than 100 feet below land surface) range from 0 to 150 feet. Thicknesses of intermediate, deep, and basal confined aquifers (depths to top of the aquifer from 100 to 199 feet, from 200 to 299 feet, and 300 feet or more below land surface, respectively) range from 0 to more than 126 feet. Transmissivity of the confined aquifers ranges from 2 to greater than 210,000 feet squared per day. Theoretical maximum well yields range from 3 to about 2,000 gallons per minute.
\nRecharge to ground water is predominantly from precipitation that percolates downward to the saturated zone. Recharge to unconfined aquifers in the study area ranged from 4.5 to 12.0 inches per year during 1991 and 1992, based on hydrograph analysis. Model simulations done for this study indicate that recharge rates from 8 to 9 inches per year to unconfined aquifers produce the best matches between model-simulated and measured water levels in wells.
\nDischarge from ground water occurs by seepage to streams, lakes and wetlands, ground-water evapotranspiration, and withdrawals through wells. In 1990, total ground-water withdrawals in the study area were 6.0 million gallons per day. All of the withdrawals were from drift aquifers.
\nNumerical models of ground-water flow were constructed to represent two beach-ridge aquifer systems under steady-state conditions. Beach-ridge aquifer systems were simulated in Pennington, Polk, and Red Lake County. Simulated recharge from the infiltration of precipitation accounts for most of the sources of water to the beach-ridge aquifer systems and simulated evapotranspiration accounts for all of the discharge other than ground-water withdrawals. The numerical-model simulations indicate that upward movement of water from underlying confined aquifers to overlying unconfined aquifers is an important component of ground-water flow within the beach-ridge aquifer systems. Simulated long-term, steady-state yields from the unconfined aquifers are generally less than 50 gallons per minute, due to the generally low saturated thickness of the aquifers and the relatively low hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer material.
\nWater from all the drift aquifers in the study area is very hard (more than 180 milligrams per liter of calcium carbonate). The predominant ions in water from the unconfined and shallow confined aquifers were generally calcium and bicarbonate. Water from the intermediate confined aquifers includes a variety of water types, including calcium bicarbonate, calcium sulfate, mixed calcium-sodium bicarbonate, and sodium chloride type waters. Waters from the deep confined aquifers are predominantly calcium bicarbonate, mixed calcium-sodium bicarbonate, and sodium chloride type waters.
\nMean concentrations of calcium and magnesium generally decreased with depth below land surface. Mean concentrations of sodium and sulfate generally increased with depth. Mean chloride concentrations were greatest for the shallow and deep confined aquifers and least for the unconfined and intermediate confined aquifers.
\nThe concentration and percentage (as percent of total cations) of sodium, and concentration of dissolved solids tend to increase from east to west along regional flow paths. Concentrations and percentages (as percent of total anions) of chloride tend to be greater in the western part of the study area than in the eastern part. These trends are probably due to longer residence time of the water in the flow system, and upward leakage of water from the underlying Cretaceous and Paleozoic strata.
\nWaters from the drift aquifers underlying most of the study area generally are suitable for domestic consumption, crop irrigation, and most other uses. Water from 20 wells screened in unconfined and confined aquifers exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended limits for dissolved solids concentrations. Chemical analyses of waters from the unconfined and confined aquifers generally indicated a potentially low sodium hazard and a medium to high salinity hazard for irrigation.
\nWater samples analyzed for nitrate had nitrate concentrations below the reporting limit (0.05 milligrams per liter) in 10 out of 23 wells. Two samples had nitrate concentrations greater than 10 milligrams per liter. Pesticide concentrations in water samples from 17 wells screened in unconfined and shallow confined aquifers were below or only slightly above laboratory reporting limits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri954201","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the Northwest Minnesota Ground-Water Study Steering Committee","usgsCitation":"Lindgren, R.J., 1996, Availability and quality of water from drift aquifers in Marshall, Pennington, Polk, and Red Lake counties, northwestern Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4201, x, 144 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954201.","productDescription":"x, 144 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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R. J.","contributorId":70808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindgren","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28335,"text":"wri954188 - 1996 - Summary of the San Juan structural basin regional aquifer-system analysis, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:38","indexId":"wri954188","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4188","title":"Summary of the San Juan structural basin regional aquifer-system analysis, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and Utah","docAbstract":"Ground-water resources are the only source of water in most of \r\nthe San Juan structural basin and are mainly used for municipal, \r\nindustrial, domestic, and stock purposes. Industrial use increased \r\ndramatically during the late 1970's and early 1980's because of \r\nincreased exploration and development of uranium and coal resources.\r\n\r\n The San Juan structural basin is a northwest-trending, \r\nasymmetric structural depression at the eastern edge of the Colorado \r\nPlateau. The basin contains as much as 14,000 feet of sedimentary \r\nrocks overlying a Precambrian basement complex. The sedimentary \r\nrocks dip basinward from the basin margins toward the troughlike \r\nstructural center, or deepest part of the basin. Rocks of Triassic \r\nage were selected as the lower boundary for the study. The basin is \r\nwell defined by structural boundaries in many places with structural \r\nrelief of as much as 20,000 feet reported. Faulting is prevalent in \r\nparts of the basin with displacement of several thousand feet along \r\nmajor faults.\r\n\r\n The regional aquifers in the basin generally are coincident with \r\nthe geologic units that have been mapped. Data on the hydrologic \r\nproperties of the regional aquifers are minimal. Most data were \r\ncollected on those aquifers associated with uranium and coal \r\nresource production. These data are summarized in table format in \r\nthe report. The regional flow system throughout most of the basin \r\nhas been affected by the production of oil or gas and subsequent \r\ndisposal of produced brine. To date more than 26,000 oil- or gas-\r\ntest holes have been drilled in the basin, the majority penetrating \r\nno deeper than the bottom of the Cretaceous rocks. \r\n\r\n The general water chemistry of the regional aquifers is based on \r\navailable data. The depositional environments are the major factor \r\ncontrolling the quality of water in the units. The dominant ions are \r\ngenerally sodium, bicarbonate, and sulfate. A detailed geochemical \r\nstudy of three sandstone aquifers--Morrison, Dakota, and Gallup--was \r\nundertaken in the northwestern part of the study area. Results of \r\nthis study indicate that water chemistry changed in individual wells \r\nover short periods of time, not expected in a regional flow system. \r\nThe chemistry of the water is affected by mixing of recharge, ion \r\nfiltrate, or very dilute ancient water, and by leakage of saline \r\nwater.\r\n\r\n The entire system of ground-water flow and its controlling \r\nfactors has been defined as the conceptual model. A steady-state, \r\nthree-dimensional ground-water flow model was constructed to \r\nsimulate modern predevelopment flow in the post-Jurassic rocks of \r\nthe regional flow system. In the ground-water flow model, 14 \r\ngeologic units or combinations of geologic units were considered to \r\nbe regional aquifers, and 5 geologic units or combinations of \r\ngeologic units were considered to be regional confining units. The \r\nmodel simulated flow in 12 layers (hydrostratigraphic units) and \r\nused harmonic-mean vertical leakance to indirectly simulate aquifer \r\nconnection across 3 other hydrostratigraphic confining units in \r\naddition to coupling the 12 units.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, [Water Resources Division, New Mexico District] ;\r\nCan be purchased from U.S.G.S., Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/wri954188","usgsCitation":"Levings, G.W., Kernodle, J.M., and Thorn, C.R., 1996, Summary of the San Juan structural basin regional aquifer-system analysis, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4188, v, 55 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954188.","productDescription":"v, 55 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4188/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57146,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4188/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698374","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levings, G. W.","contributorId":12485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levings","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kernodle, J. M.","contributorId":81139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kernodle","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thorn, C. R.","contributorId":100879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26501,"text":"wri944020 - 1996 - Low-flow characteristics of streams in Maryland and Delaware","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T08:39:11","indexId":"wri944020","displayToPublicDate":"1996-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4020","title":"Low-flow characteristics of streams in Maryland and Delaware","docAbstract":"Hydrologic information on the variability of streamflow during low-flow periods is needed for the effective management of surface-water resources in Maryland and Delaware. Low-flow characteristics derived from streamflow under natural conditions are presented for 94 continuousrecord gaging stations in Maryland, Delaware, and surrounding States, and for 131 low-flow partial-record gaging stations in Maryland and Delaware. Methods are developed to estimate low-flow characteristics at ungaged stream sites for average 7-, 14-, and 30-consecutive-day lowflow discharges for recurrence intervals of 2, 10, and 20 years. The methods are applicable to unregulated streams in Maryland and Delaware for watersheds having drainage areas ranging from 2.0 to 875 square miles.
Maryland and Delaware are divided into four regions on the basis of physiography and the results of regression analyses. The regions are the Eastern Shore region in Maryland and Delaware, the eastern-Piedmont region in Maryland, the western region in Maryland, and the southern region in Maryland. Equations are developed from regression analyses to estimate lowflow characteristics at ungaged sites on ungaged streams for the Eastern Shore region, the easternPiedmont region, and the western region. A generalized least-squares multiple-regression technique is used to develop the estimation equations that relate average 7-, 14-, and 30- consecutive-day low-flow discharges for recurrence intervals of 2, 10, and 20 years to physical and climatological features of drainage basins in the study area. Adjustments are necessary to low-flow discharges estimated from the equation for the western region because of the effects of carbonate rocks on low flows. The adjustment method is based on analysis of the residuals of regional estimation equations and the percentage of the basin underlain by carbonate rocks. An equation is developed on the basis of a distance-weighted average of low-flow discharges at gaging stations to estimate low flow characteristics at ungaged sites on ungaged streams for the southern region. Estimates of the accuracy of low-flow characteristics determined from all regional equations are provided.
Two methods are presented for estimating low-flow characteristics at ungaged sites on gaged streams. One method combines low-flow characteristics determined from gaging station data with results from the regional regression equation at the gaging station and at the ungaged site to estimate the low-flow characteristics either upstream or downstream from the gaging station. The other method estimates low-flow characteristics at ungaged sites between gaging stations using a graphical solution. Estimates of accuracy of the low-flow characteristics determined by these methods also are provided.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944020","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Maryland Geological Survey and the Maryland Water Resources Administration with the partial support of the Delaware Geological Survey and the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, D.H., and Hayes, D., 1996, Low-flow characteristics of streams in Maryland and Delaware: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4020, Report: iv, 113 p.; 10 Plates: 20.51 x 40.38 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944020.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 113 p.; 10 Plates: 20.51 x 40.38 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4020/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55327,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4020/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":351630,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4020/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":351631,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4020/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":351632,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4020/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":351633,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4020/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":351634,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4020/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":351635,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4020/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":351636,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4020/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":351637,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4020/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":351638,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4020/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":351639,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4020/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"Delaware, 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