Phase derivatives can be used to compute instantaneous frequency and envelope delay (also known as group delay). Envelope delay, in the guise of phase differences, has been used by engineers in the simulation of strong ground motion, particularly as a way of controlling the duration of motion. Simulations using the stochastic method, in which duration is a simple function of source duration and a path-dependent duration, possess envelope delay properties similar to those from simulations based on phase differences. Envelope delay provides a way of extending the standard stochastic method to produce nonstationary frequency content, as produced by ground motions containing surface waves.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020196","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Boore, D., 2003, Phase derivatives and simulation of strong ground motions: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 3, p. 1132-1143, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020196.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1132","endPage":"1143","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387418,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7879e4b0c8380cd786e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70026097,"text":"70026097 - No Year - Inverse modeling of interbed storage parameters using land subsidence observations, Antelope Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-06T11:22:37","indexId":"70026097","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":true,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inverse modeling of interbed storage parameters using land subsidence observations, Antelope Valley, California","docAbstract":"We use land-subsidence observations from repeatedly surveyed benchmarks and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) in Antelope Valley, California, to estimate spatially varying compaction time constants, ??, and inelastic specific skeletal storage coefficients, Skv*, in a previously calibrated regional groundwater flow and subsidence model. The observed subsidence patterns reflect both the spatial distribution of head declines and the spatially variable inelastic skeletal storage coefficient. Using the nonlinear parameter estimation program UCODE we estimate compaction time constants between 3.8 and 285 years. The Skv* values are estimated by linear estimation and range from 0 to almost 0.09. We find that subsidence observations over long time periods are necessary to constrain estimates of the large compaction time constants in Antelope Valley. The InSAR data used in this study cover only a three-year period, limiting their usefulness in constraining these time constants. This problem will be alleviated as more SAR data become available in the future or where time constants are small. By incorporating the resulting parameter estimates in the previously calibrated regional model of groundwater flow and land subsidence we can significantly improve the agreement between simulated and observed land subsidence both in terms of magnitude and spatial extent. The sum of weighted squared subsidence residuals, a common measure of model fit, was reduced by 73% with respect to the original model. However, the ability of the model to adequately reproduce the subsidence observed over only a few years is impaired by the fact that the simulated hydraulic heads over small time periods are often not representative of the actual aquifer hydraulic heads. Errors in the simulated hydraulic aquifer heads constitute the primary limitation of the approach presented here.","largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2001WR001252","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Hoffmann, J., Galloway, D., and Zebker, H., 2003, Inverse modeling of interbed storage parameters using land subsidence observations, Antelope Valley, California: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 2, p. 5-1-5-10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR001252.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"5-1","endPage":"5-10","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478575,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001wr001252","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e4de4b0c8380cd63c79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffmann, J.","contributorId":43530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, D. L. 0000-0003-0904-5355","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":31383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":407891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zebker, H. A.","contributorId":90457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zebker","given":"H. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":45083,"text":"wri024050 - 2002 - Interactions between surface water and ground water and effects on mercury transport in the north-central Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-14T11:56:30.437952","indexId":"wri024050","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-13T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4050","displayTitle":"Interactions between Surface Water and Ground Water and Effects on Mercury Transport in the North-central Everglades","title":"Interactions between surface water and ground water and effects on mercury transport in the north-central Everglades","docAbstract":"The hydrology of the north-central Everglades was altered substantially in the past century by canal dredging, land subsidence, ground-water pumping, and levee construction. Vast areas of seasonal and perennial wetlands were converted to uses for agriculture, light industry, and suburban development. As the catchment area for the Everglades decreased, so did the sources of water from local precipitation and runoff from surrounding uplands. Partly in response to those alterations, water-resources managers compartmentalized the remaining wetlands in the north-central Everglades into large retention basins, called Water Conservation Areas (WCAs). In spite of efforts to improve how water resources are managed, the result has been frequent periods of excessive drying out or flooding of the WCAs because the managed system does not have the same water-storage capacity as the pre-drainage Everglades. Linked to the hydrological modifications are ecological changes including large-scale invasions of cattail, loss of tree islands, and diminishing bird populations in the Everglades. Complex interactions among numerous physical, chemical, and biological factors are responsible for the long-term degradation of the ecological character of the Everglades.Over the past 15 years, a new set of smaller wetland basins, called Stormwater Treatment Areas (STAs), have been designed and constructed by water-resources engineers on the former wetlands adjacent to WCAs. The purpose of STAs is to remove excess nutrients from agricultural drainage water prior to its input to WCAs. STAs tend to be about one-tenth the size of a WCA, and they are located on former wetlands on the northwestern side of WCAs on sites that were managed as farmland for much of the twentieth century in an area referred to as the Everglades Agricultural Area, or EAA. The objective of the present investigation was to quantify interactions between surface water and ground water in the Everglades Nutrient Removal Project (ENR), a prototype project for the STAs that began operation in 1994. Determining the effect of ground water on the mercury balance of the ENR treatment wetland was an important additional objective. In order to broaden the relevance of conclusions to all parts of the north-central Everglades, interactions between surface water and ground water and mercury also were investigated in Water Conservation Area 2A (WCA-2A) and, to a lesser extent, in two other WCA basins, WCA-2B and WCA-3A.An important conclusion of this study is that creation of the WCA basins, and accompanying water-resources management, have appreciably increased both recharge and discharge in the north-central Everglades compared with pre-drainage conditions. Recharge and discharge are highest near the northern and northwestern edges of the Everglades, in the relatively small basins such as ENR and the STAs that share borders with both WCA-1 and the EAA. All basins experienced greater increases in recharge relative to discharge, because of the effects that land subsidence and ground-water pumping outside the Everglades had on hydraulic gradients. The highest basin-wide estimate of recharge was measured in ENR, where recharge averaged 0.9 centimeter per day (cm/d) over a 4-year study period. For perspective, that estimate of recharge is the equivalent of 30 percent of pumped surface-water inflows and 230 percent of average daily precipitation in ENR. Ground-water discharge was 10 times smaller than recharge at ENR. The present study estimated a basin-averaged recharge for WCA-2A (0.2 cm/d) that was a factor of 4 smaller than ENR. Although preliminary, that estimate of recharge is 5 times higher than previous estimates (approximately 0.04 cm/d), probably because the newer measurements were able to quantify recharge and discharge at finer spatial and temporal scales. Recharge at WCA-2A is smaller than ENR because WCA-2A has a smaller topographic gradient (3 x 10-5 and 2 x 10-4 in WCA-2A and ENR, respective","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024050","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J.W., Krupa, S.L., Gefvert, C., Mooney, R., Choi, J., King, S.A., and Giddings, J.B., 2002, Interactions between surface water and ground water and effects on mercury transport in the north-central Everglades: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4050, vi, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024050.","productDescription":"vi, 82 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":99381,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4050/wri024050.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":169187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4050/pdf_cover.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.8758544921875,\n 25.730632525531913\n ],\n [\n -80.145263671875,\n 25.730632525531913\n ],\n [\n -80.145263671875,\n 26.765230565697482\n ],\n [\n -80.8758544921875,\n 26.765230565697482\n ],\n [\n -80.8758544921875,\n 25.730632525531913\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Aquifer storage and recovery in southern Florida has been proposed on an unprecedented scale as part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. Aquifer storage and recovery wells were constructed or are under construction at 27 sites in southern Florida, mostly by local municipalities or counties located in coastal areas. The Upper Floridan aquifer, the principal storage zone of interest to the restoration plan, is the aquifer being used at 22 of the sites. The aquifer is brackish to saline in southern Florida, which can greatly affect the recovery of the freshwater recharged and stored.
Well data were inventoried and compiled for all wells at most of the 27 sites. Construction and testing data were compiled into four main categories: (1) well identification, location, and construction data; (2) hydraulic test data; (3) ambient formation water-quality data; and (4) cycle testing data. Each cycle during testing or operation includes periods of recharge of freshwater, storage, and recovery that each last days or months. Cycle testing data include calculations of recovery efficiency, which is the percentage of the total amount of potable water recharged for each cycle that is recovered.
Calculated cycle test data include potable water recovery efficiencies for 16 of the 27 sites. However, the number of cycles at most sites was limited; except for two sites, the highest number of cycles was five. Only nine sites had a recovery efficiency above 10 percent for the first cycle, and 10 sites achieved a recovery efficiency above 30 percent during at least one cycle. The highest recovery efficiency achieved per cycle was 84 percent for cycle 16 at the Boynton Beach site.
Factors that could affect recovery of freshwater varied widely between sites. The thickness of the open storage zone at all sites ranged from 45 to 452 feet. For sites with the storage zone in the Upper Floridan aquifer, transmissivity based on tests of the storage zones ranged from 800 to 108,000 feet squared per day, leakance values indicated that confinement is not good in some areas, and the chloride concentration of ambient water ranged from 500 to 11,000 milligrams per liter.
Based on review of four case studies and data from other sites, several hydrogeologic and design factors appear to be important to the performance of aquifer storage and recovery in the Floridan aquifer system. Performance is m aximized when the storage zone is thin and located at the top of the Upper Floridan aquifer, and transmissivity and salinity of the storage zone are moderate (less than 30,000 feet squared per day and 3,000 milligrams per liter of chloride concentration, respectively). The structural setting at a site could also be important because of the potential for updip migration of a recharged freshwater bubble due to density contrast or loss of overlying confinement due to deformation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024036","usgsCitation":"Reese, R.S., 2002, Inventory and review of aquifer storage and recovery in southern Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4036, vi, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024036.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3929,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4036/wri024036.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.57 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":169087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4036/pdf_cover.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.15600585937499,\n 25.035838555635017\n ],\n [\n -80.3924560546875,\n 25.140311914680755\n ],\n [\n -80.145263671875,\n 25.730632525531913\n ],\n [\n -79.991455078125,\n 26.765230565697482\n ],\n [\n -82.21618652343749,\n 26.725986812271756\n ],\n [\n -81.15600585937499,\n 25.035838555635017\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs01402","usgsCitation":"Lumia, D.S., and Linsey, K., 2002, New York water-use program and data, 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 014-02, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs01402.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0014/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86286,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0014/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6977fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lumia, Deborah S.","contributorId":19627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumia","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linsey, K.S.","contributorId":85626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linsey","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53868,"text":"bsr020004 - 2002 - Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends (BEST) Program: Environmental contaminants and their effects on fish in the Mississippi River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-11T13:01:43.580348","indexId":"bsr020004","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-10T09:05:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9,"text":"Biological Science Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2002-0004","displayTitle":"Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends (BEST) Program: Environmental Contaminants and their Effects on Fish in the Mississippi River Basin","title":"Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends (BEST) Program: Environmental contaminants and their effects on fish in the Mississippi River Basin","docAbstract":"We collected, examined, and analyzed 1378 fish of 22 species from 47 sites in the Mississippi River basin (MRB) during 1995 and from a reference site in 1996. The sampling sites in the MRB represented National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program (NCBP) stations situated at key points on major rivers and National Water- Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) stations located on lower-order rivers and streams in the Eastern Iowa Basins (EIB) and Mississippi Embayment (MSE) Study Units. The reference site was the water supply system of the USGS-Leetown Science Center in rural Jefferson County, WV. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio; carp) and black basses (Micropterus spp.; bass), the targeted species, together represented 82% of the fish collected. Each fish was examined in the field for externally and internally visible gross lesions, selected organs were weighed to compute various ponderal and organo-somatic indices, and selected tissues and fluids were obtained and preserved for analysis of biomarkers. Fish health indicators included splenic macrophage aggregates, lysozyme activity, and hispathological analysis of liver, kidney, and other tissues. Reproductive biomarkers included analysis of plasma concentrations of vitellogenin (vtg) and the sex steroid hormones 17-estradiol (E2) and 11-ketotestosterone (11- kt); and the histological determination of percent oocyte atresia (in female fish) and gonadal stage. Hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity was also measured. Composite samples of whole fish from each station were grouped by species and gender and analyzed for persistent organochlorine and elemental contaminants and for dioxin-like activity (TCDD-EQ) using the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay. Organochlorine and inorganic contaminant concentrations in fish were generally low relative to historical levels at most sites, but remained present at concentrations representing threats to piscivorous wildlife in some locations. Toxaphene and DDT (mostly as p,p?-DDE) concentrations remained elevated in fish from the cottongrowing regions of the lower Mississippi valley, and were generally greater in the smaller streams draining agricultural areas (that is, in the MSE Study Unit) than at large river sites. Cyclodiene pesticide concentrations were also greatest in the EIB Study Unit and elsewhere in the corn-growing regions of the mid-MRB. Former point-sources of organochlorine pesticides also remained evident, especially in the Mississippi River near Memphis, TN. Consistent with previous findings, total PCB concentrations tended to be greatest (1-3 g/g) in the industrialized and urbanized Ohio River and Upper Mississippi sub-basins and at Memphis, TN, and were generally correlated with TCDD-EQ and EROD activity. Conversely, PCB concentrations were low (<0.1 g/g) in the more agricultural parts of the MRB. Concentrations of inorganic contaminants were also relatively low and stable or declining relative to past levels at most sites. Exceptions were Hg and Se; Hg concentrations were slightly elevated (>0.3 g/g) in bass from the Mississippi River at Memphis and several other sites and in carp from one MSE site. Concentrations of Se were also great enough to constitute a hazard to piscivorous wildlife (>0.6 g/g) at several MRB sites in the western parts of the MRB and were especially high (4-5 g/g) in fish from John Martin Reservoir, CO, where elevated concentrations were reported previously. Biomarker results indicated that fish from many stations had been exposed to contaminants, but at no sites did findings indicate exposure to high concentrations of toxic chemicals. Noteworthy among biomarker findings was that 73% of the male smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) from the Mississippi River at Lake City, MN (Lake Pepin) were intersex as indicated by the histological detection of ovotestes; and the combined EROD and H4IIE results indicated that fish from several rural sites in the","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Schmitt, C.J., 2002, Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends (BEST) Program: Environmental contaminants and their effects on fish in the Mississippi River Basin: Biological Science Report 2002-0004, xiii, 241 p.","productDescription":"xiii, 241 p.","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4699,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bsr/2002/0004/bsr20020004.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":178229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bsr/2002/0004/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.59374999999999,\n 30.826780904779774\n ],\n [\n -86.396484375,\n 32.84267363195431\n ],\n [\n -82.08984375,\n 36.66841891894786\n ],\n [\n -80.5078125,\n 41.178653972331674\n ],\n [\n -83.75976562499999,\n 41.178653972331674\n ],\n [\n -88.330078125,\n 42.87596410238256\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -93.955078125,\n 47.87214396888731\n ],\n [\n -96.767578125,\n 48.86471476180277\n ],\n [\n -104.32617187499999,\n 49.210420445650286\n ],\n [\n -109.77539062499999,\n 49.095452162534826\n ],\n [\n -114.60937499999999,\n 48.69096039092549\n ],\n [\n -112.763671875,\n 45.1510532655634\n ],\n [\n -108.19335937499999,\n 40.44694705960048\n ],\n [\n -103.71093749999999,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -98.0859375,\n 37.85750715625203\n ],\n [\n -95.625,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -92.373046875,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n -90.3515625,\n 28.38173504322308\n ],\n [\n -88.681640625,\n 29.38217507514529\n ],\n [\n -88.59374999999999,\n 30.826780904779774\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db622fa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmitt, Christopher J. 0000-0001-6804-2360 cjschmitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Christopher","email":"cjschmitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":53891,"text":"itr020007 - 2002 - Illustrated field guide for assessing external and internal anomalies in fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-02T12:05:16.981191","indexId":"itr020007","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-02T08:20:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":37,"text":"Information and Technology Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2002-0007","displayTitle":"Illustrated Field Guide for Assessing External and Internal Anomalies in Fish","title":"Illustrated field guide for assessing external and internal anomalies in fish","docAbstract":"Procedures are described for processing fish for examination of external and internal anomalies and pathologies indicative of exposure to environmental contaminants and other peturbations. For the procedures described here, fish are captured (preferably by electrofishing) and held alive until processing (generally < 1 h). Fish are weighed, measured, and necropsied, and a scale sample is obtained from for age determination. Information is given for the collection and preservation of tissue samples for histopathological analysis. Photographs of most abnormalities are included along with normal conditions for easier identification of external (oral, head, eye, gill, opercula, and fin) and internal (liver, spleen, gonad, and kidney) anomalies. The report also includes recommendations for record keeping, sample labeling, and shipping records, equipment, supplies,and samples. A list of suggested equipment and supplies for field processing is included as are instructions for cleaning equipment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Smith, S.B., Donahue, A.P., Lipkin, R.J., Blazer, V., Schmitt, C.J., and Goede, R.W., 2002, Illustrated field guide for assessing external and internal anomalies in fish: Information and Technology Report 2002-0007, v, 46 p.","productDescription":"v, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4725,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/itr/2002/0007/itr20020007.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"ITR 2002-0007"},{"id":178120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/itr/2002/0007/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Columbia Environmental Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4200 New Haven Road
Columbia, MO 65201
This report documents methods and results of aquatic habitat assessment in the Missouri River near Hermann, Missouri. The assessment is intended to improve understanding of spatial and temporal variability of aquatic habitat, including habitats thought to be critical for the endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus). Physical aquatic habitat – depth, velocity, and substrate – was assessed around 9 wing dikes and adjacent to the U.S. Route 19 bridge, at discharges varying from 44,000 cubic feet per second (cfs) to 146, 000 cfs during August 2000 – May, 2001. For the river as a whole, velocities are bi-modally distributed with distinct peaks relating to navigation channel and wing-dike environments. Velocities predictably showed an increasing trend with increasing discharge. Substrate within wing dikes was dominated by mud at low discharges, whereas the navigation channel had patches of transporting sand, rippled sand, and coarse sand. Discharges that overtopped the wing dikes (about 93,000 cfs, March 2001) were associated with increases of patchy sand, rippled sand, and coarse sand within the wing dikes. When flows were substantially over the wing dikes (146,000 cfs, May 2001) substrates within most wing dikes showed substantial reorganization and coarsening.
The habitat assessment provides a geospatial database that can be used to query wing dikes for distributions of depth, velocity, and substrate for comparison with fish samples collected by US Fish and Wildlife Service biologists (Grady and others, 2001). In addition, the assessment documented spatial and temporal variation in habitat within the Hermann reach and over a range of discharges. Measurable geomorphic change – alteration of substrate conditions plus substantial erosion and deposition – was associated with flows equaled or exceeded 12–40% of the time (40–140 days per year). Documented geomorphic change associated with high-frequency flows underscores the natural temporal variability of physical habitat in the Lower Missouri River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0232","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., Laustrup, M.S., and Reuter, J.M., 2002, Habitat assessment, Missouri River at Hermann, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002—32, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0232.","productDescription":"Report: 22 p.; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0032/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":7895,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0032/ofr20020032_appendix2.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","size":"908 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Reach Map"},{"id":7894,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0032/ofr20020032_appendix1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"61.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Dike Field Maps"},{"id":376076,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0032/ofr20020032.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.19 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2002-32"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Hermann","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.10937499999999,\n 38.348118547988065\n ],\n [\n -90.41473388671875,\n 38.348118547988065\n ],\n [\n -90.41473388671875,\n 38.79904887985135\n ],\n [\n -92.10937499999999,\n 38.79904887985135\n ],\n [\n -92.10937499999999,\n 38.348118547988065\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Columbia Environmental Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4200 New Haven Road
Columbia, MO 65201
Columbia Environmental Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4200 New Haven Road
Columbia, MO 65201
Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Humic substances: Versatile components of plants, soils and water","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-1-85573-807-2.50010-2","usgsCitation":"Wershaw, R., Aiken, G.R., Leenheer, J., and Tregellas, J., 2002, Structural-group quantitation by CP/MAS 13C NMR measurements of dissolved organic matter from natural waters, chap. of Humic substances: Versatile components of plants, soils and water, p. 63-81, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-85573-807-2.50010-2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"81","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356248,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98cfa5e4b0702d0e846ef9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Davis, G.","contributorId":17343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742237,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ghabbour, E.A.","contributorId":206940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ghabbour","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742238,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leenheer, J. A.","contributorId":195371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tregellas, J.","contributorId":31152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tregellas","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70199890,"text":"70199890 - 2002 - Property transfer from particle and aggregate size to water retention [property-transfer models]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T07:38:05","indexId":"70199890","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-01T07:37:03","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Property transfer from particle and aggregate size to water retention [property-transfer models]","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Methods of soil analysis: Part 4 physical methods","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","publisherLocation":"Madison, Wisconsin","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., 2002, Property transfer from particle and aggregate size to water retention [property-transfer models], chap. of Methods of soil analysis: Part 4 physical methods, p. 777-782.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"777","endPage":"782","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358046,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10efaae4b034bf6a804b09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70179381,"text":"70179381 - 2002 - Toxicity of selenium and other elements in food organisms to razorback sucker larvae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T11:29:11","indexId":"70179381","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of selenium and other elements in food organisms to razorback sucker larvae","docAbstract":"Elevated selenium concentrations documented in water, sediment, and biota in irrigation drain water studies by U.S. Department of the Interior agencies and academia have raised concerns that selenium may be adversely affecting endangered fish in the upper Colorado River basin. The objective of the study was to determine the effects on endangered razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) larvae from exposure to selenium and other trace elements in water and zooplankton collected from sites adjacent to the Colorado River near Grand Junction, CO. A 30-day study was initiated with 5-day-old larvae exposed in a 4×4 factor experiment with four food and four water treatments, and the biological endpoints measured were survival, growth, development, and whole-body residues of selenium. Mean selenium concentration in reference water (24-Road) was <0.7 μg/l, in reference food (brine shrimp) was 3.2 μg/g, at Horsethief was 1.6 μg/l in water and 6.0 μg/g in zooplankton, at Adobe Creek was 3.4 μg/l in water and 32 μg/g in zooplankton, and at Walter Walker was 13 μg/l in water and 52 μg/g in zooplankton. Although there were differences in concentrations of inorganic elements in water and biota among the three sites, selenium was apparently the only element elevated to concentrations of concern. Effects on survival were more prominent from dietary exposure compared to waterborne exposure. Selenium concentrations of ≥4.6 μg/g in food organisms adversely affected the survival of razorback sucker larvae. The onset of mortality in larvae exposed to food and water from Walter Walker seemed delayed compared to mortality in larvae exposed to food and water from Horsethief, which has been observed in two other studies. Elevated arsenic in one food source seemed to interact with selenium to reduce the toxic effects of selenium.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00257-0","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, S., Holley, K.M., Buhl, K.J., Bullard, F.A., Weston, L.K., and McDonald, S.F., 2002, Toxicity of selenium and other elements in food organisms to razorback sucker larvae: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 59, no. 3-4, p. 253-281, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00257-0.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"281","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332659,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.80790710449219,\n 39.075443328963026\n ],\n [\n -108.80790710449219,\n 39.18516705856361\n ],\n [\n -108.62182617187499,\n 39.18516705856361\n ],\n [\n -108.62182617187499,\n 39.075443328963026\n ],\n [\n -108.80790710449219,\n 39.075443328963026\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58662f1ce4b0cd2dabe7c4df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, Steven J.","contributorId":174108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holley, Kathy M.","contributorId":177031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holley","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buhl, Kevin J. 0000-0002-9963-2352 kevin_buhl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9963-2352","contributorId":1396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"Kevin","email":"kevin_buhl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bullard, Fern A.","contributorId":176674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bullard","given":"Fern","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weston, L. Ken","contributorId":177032,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weston","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ken","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McDonald, Susan F.","contributorId":33285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70179679,"text":"70179679 - 2002 - Level I water-quality inventory and monitoring, Richmond National Battlefield Park, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T14:45:25","indexId":"70179679","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5187,"text":"National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"title":"Level I water-quality inventory and monitoring, Richmond National Battlefield Park, Virginia","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a Level I Water-Quality Inventory and Monitoring (WAQIM) data-collection effort for Richmond National Battlefield Park (Richmond NBP) from August 2001 through April 2002. The primary objective of the WAQIM program was to provide the National Park Service (NPS) and Richmond NBP with at least a nominal inventory of its natural resources and to provide those data in a data-management system consistent with park management needs. Water-quality inventory data (physical, chemical, and biological) were collected from \"key\" water bodies within the boundaries of Richmond NBP. The key water bodies are those waters within park boundaries that are essential to the central cultural, historical or natural resources management themes of the parks or provide habitats to threatened or endangered plants and animals. Data were collected during the fall, winter, spring, and summer over a range of hydrologic conditions. Because of the drought conditions that persisted during the study period, variations in flow between seasons were less pronounced than during normal hydrologic conditions.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.C., 2002, An ancient duality: People, Land, and Water, v. 9, no. 1, p. 29-29.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"29","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333072,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5878a493e4b04df303d95830","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70179944,"text":"70179944 - 2002 - Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-23T14:31:43","indexId":"70179944","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":110,"text":"Cooperative Investigations Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"43","title":"Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 2002","docAbstract":"This is the thirty-ninth in a series of annual reports that describe ground-water conditions in Utah. Reports in this series, published cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources and Division of Water Rights, provide data to enable interested parties to maintain awareness of changing ground-water conditions.
This report, like the others in the series, contains information on well construction, ground-water withdrawal from wells, water-level changes, precipitation, streamflow, and chemical quality of water. Information on well construction included in this report refers only to wells constructed for new appropriations of ground water. Supplementary data are included in reports of this series only for those years or areas which are important to a discussion of changing ground-water conditions and for which applicable data are available.
This report includes individual discussions of selected significant areas of ground-water development in the State for calendar year 2001. Most of the reported data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights and Division of Water Resources.
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2002 - Use of sediment quality guidelines and related tools for the asssessment of contaminated sediments: Executive summary sooklet of a SETAC Pellston Workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-27T11:46:46","indexId":"70179261","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5243,"text":"SETAC Pellston Workshop","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"title":"Use of sediment quality guidelines and related tools for the asssessment of contaminated sediments: Executive summary sooklet of a SETAC Pellston Workshop","docAbstract":"This publication summarizes the results of a Pellston Workshop sponsored by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC), held 17-22 August 2002 in Fairmont, Montana, USA. The full technical proceedings of the workshop will be published separately by SET AC in 2003. Previous SETAC workshops have focused on sediment ecological risk assessment (ERA) (Dickson et al. 1987; Ingersoll et al. 1997) and porewater toxicity testing (Carr and Nipper 2003). Another recent workshop addressed the application of weight-of-evidence (WOE) methods in ERA (Burton et al. 2002). These previous workshops focused on how, when, and why ERAs are needed in sediment assessments. However, more focused discussion among scientists, environmental regulators, and environmental managers is now needed to build on this previous work. Specifically, additional guidance is needed on procedures that can be used to integrate the information derived from multiple chemical and biological lines of evidence (LOE). These LOE, which are developed through the application of different assessment tools, often include the use of chemically based sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) to evaluate sediment contamination and to help practitioners in sediment assessment and management formulate risk management decisions. This workshop focused on evaluation of the scientific foundations supporting different chemically based numeric SQGs and methods to improve the integration of SQGs into different sediment quality assessment frameworks that include information derived from multiple chemical and biological LOE.
","conferenceTitle":"SETAC Pellston Workshop","conferenceDate":"August 17-22, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Fairmont, MT","language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","usgsCitation":"2002, Use of sediment quality guidelines and related tools for the asssessment of contaminated sediments: Executive summary sooklet of a SETAC Pellston Workshop, SETAC Pellston Workshop, Fairmont, MT, August 17-22, 2002, 44 p.","productDescription":"44 p.","numberOfPages":"48","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332527,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332526,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.cerc.usgs.gov/pubs/sedtox/wg0_setac_sqg_summary.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585e45dee4b01224f329bf11","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wenning, R. J.","contributorId":176147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wenning","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656582,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656583,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174622,"text":"70174622 - 2002 - Natural and management influences on freshwater inflows and salinity in the San Francisco Estuary at monthly to interannual scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T12:24:24","indexId":"70174622","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-17T07:15:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural and management influences on freshwater inflows and salinity in the San Francisco Estuary at monthly to interannual scales","docAbstract":"Understanding the processes controlling the physics, chemistry, and biology of the San Francisco Estuary and their relation to climate variability is complicated by the combined influence on freshwater inflows of natural variability and upstream management. To distinguish these influences, alterations of estuarine inflow due to major reservoirs and freshwater pumping in the watershed were inferred from available data. Effects on salinity were estimated by using reconstructed estuarine inflows corresponding to differing levels of impairment to drive a numerical salinity model. Both natural and management inflow and salinity signals show strong interannual variability. Management effects raise salinities during the wet season, with maximum influence in spring. While year‐to‐year variations in all signals are very large, natural interannual variability can greatly exceed the range of management effects on salinity in the estuary.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001WR000360","usgsCitation":"Knowles, N., 2002, Natural and management influences on freshwater inflows and salinity in the San Francisco Estuary at monthly to interannual scales: Water Resources Research, v. 38, no. 12, p. 25-1-25-11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR000360.","productDescription":"Article 1289; 11 p.","startPage":"25-1","endPage":"25-11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001wr000360","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Francisco","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.03314208984374,\n 37.14499280340638\n ],\n [\n -123.03314208984374,\n 38.30933576918588\n ],\n [\n -121.2506103515625,\n 38.30933576918588\n ],\n [\n -121.2506103515625,\n 37.14499280340638\n ],\n [\n -123.03314208984374,\n 37.14499280340638\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57876630e4b0d27deb36e196","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knowles, Noah 0000-0001-5652-1049 nknowles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-1049","contributorId":1380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"Noah","email":"nknowles@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70174413,"text":"70174413 - 2002 - Annual primary production: Patterns and mechanisms of change in a nutrient-rich tidal ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T10:57:53","indexId":"70174413","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-06T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual primary production: Patterns and mechanisms of change in a nutrient-rich tidal ecosystem","docAbstract":"Although nutrient supply often underlies long-term changes in aquatic primary production, other regulatory processes can be important. The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, a complex of tidal waterways forming the landward portion of the San Francisco Estuary, has ample nutrient supplies, enabling us to examine alternate regulatory mechanisms over a 21-yr period. Delta-wide primary productivity was reconstructed from historical water quality data for 1975–1995. Annual primary production averaged 70 g C m−2, but it varied by over a factor of five among years. At least four processes contributed to this variability: (1) invasion of the clam Potamocorbula amurensis led to a persistent decrease in phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a) after 1986; (2) a long-term decline in total suspended solids—probably at least partly because of upstream dam construction—increased water transparency and phytoplankton growth rate; (3) river inflow, reflecting climate variability, affected biomass through fluctuations in flushing and growth rates through fluctuations in total suspended solids; and (4) an additional pathway manifesting as a long-term decline in winter phytoplankton biomass has been identified, but its genesis is uncertain. Overall, the Delta lost 43% in annual primary production during the period. Given the evidence for food limitation of primary consumers, these findings provide a partial explanation for widespread Delta species declines over the past few decades. Turbid nutrient-rich systems such as the Delta may be inherently more variable than other tidal systems because certain compensatory processes are absent. Comparisons among systems, however, can be tenuous because conclusions about the magnitude and mechanisms of variability are dependent on length of data record.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.4319/lo.2002.47.3.0698","usgsCitation":"Jassby, A.D., Cloern, J.E., and Cole, B., 2002, Annual primary production: Patterns and mechanisms of change in a nutrient-rich tidal ecosystem: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 47, no. 3, p. 698-712, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2002.47.3.0698.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"698","endPage":"712","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2002.47.3.0698","text":"External Repository"},{"id":325062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.88507080078125,\n 37.74900069437069\n ],\n [\n -121.88507080078125,\n 38.33303882235456\n ],\n [\n -121.25610351562499,\n 38.33303882235456\n ],\n [\n -121.25610351562499,\n 37.74900069437069\n ],\n [\n -121.88507080078125,\n 37.74900069437069\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5784c336e4b0e02680be5900","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jassby, Alan D.","contributorId":66403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jassby","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cole, B.E.","contributorId":66268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174623,"text":"70174623 - 2002 - Potential effects of global warming on the Sacramento/San Joaquin watershed and the San Francisco estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T07:55:40","indexId":"70174623","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-09T03:30:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of global warming on the Sacramento/San Joaquin watershed and the San Francisco estuary","docAbstract":"
California's primary hydrologic system, the San Francisco estuary and its upstream watershed, is vulnerable to the regional hydrologic consequences of projected global climate change. Projected temperature anomalies from a global climate model are used to drive a combined model of watershed hydrology and estuarine dynamics. By 2090, a projected temperature increase of 2.1°C results in a loss of about half of the average April snowpack storage, with greatest losses in the northern headwaters. Consequently, spring runoff is reduced by 5.6 km3(∼20% of historical annual runoff), with associated increases in winter flood peaks. The smaller spring flows yield spring/summer salinity increases of up to 9 psu, with larger increases in wet years.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001GL014339","usgsCitation":"Knowles, N., and Cayan, D.R., 2002, Potential effects of global warming on the Sacramento/San Joaquin watershed and the San Francisco estuary: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 29, no. 18, p. 38-1-38-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL014339.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"38-1","endPage":"38-4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gl014339","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325232,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Francisco","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.03314208984374,\n 37.14499280340638\n ],\n [\n -123.03314208984374,\n 38.30933576918588\n ],\n [\n -121.2506103515625,\n 38.30933576918588\n ],\n [\n -121.2506103515625,\n 37.14499280340638\n ],\n [\n -123.03314208984374,\n 37.14499280340638\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-09-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57876630e4b0d27deb36e19c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knowles, Noah 0000-0001-5652-1049 nknowles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-1049","contributorId":1380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"Noah","email":"nknowles@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, Daniel R. 0000-0002-2719-6811 drcayan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-6811","contributorId":1494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","email":"drcayan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159895,"text":"70159895 - 2002 - Aerial survey methodology for bison population estimation in Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-12T09:48:28","indexId":"70159895","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-07T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Aerial survey methodology for bison population estimation in Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"I developed aerial survey methods for statistically rigorous bison population estimation in Yellowstone National Park to support sound resource management decisions and to understand bison ecology. Survey protocols, data recording procedures, a geographic framework, and seasonal stratifications were based on field observations from February 1998-September 2000. The reliability of this framework and strata were tested with long-term data from 1970-1997. I simulated different sample survey designs and compared them to high-effort censuses of well-defined large areas to evaluate effort, precision, and bias. Sample survey designs require much effort and extensive information on the current spatial distribution of bison and therefore do not offer any substantial reduction in time and effort over censuses. I conducted concurrent ground surveys, or 'double sampling' to estimate detection probability during aerial surveys. Group size distribution and habitat strongly affected detection probability. In winter, 75% of the groups and 92% of individual bison were detected on average from aircraft, while in summer, 79% of groups and 97% of individual bison were detected. I also used photography to quantify the bias due to counting large groups of bison accurately and found that undercounting increased with group size and could reach 15%. I compared survey conditions between seasons and identified optimal time windows for conducting surveys in both winter and summer. These windows account for the habitats and total area bison occupy, and group size distribution. Bison became increasingly scattered over the Yellowstone region in smaller groups and more occupied unfavorable habitats as winter progressed. Therefore, the best conditions for winter surveys occur early in the season (Dec-Jan). In summer, bison were most spatially aggregated and occurred in the largest groups by early August. Low variability between surveys and high detection probability provide population estimates with an overall coefficient of variation of approximately 8% and have high power for detecting trends in population change. I demonstrated how population estimates from winter and summer can be integrated into a comprehensive monitoring program to estimate annual growth rates, overall winter mortality, and an index of calf production, requiring about 30 hours of flight per year.
","language":"English","publisher":"Montana State University","publisherLocation":"Bozeman, MT","usgsCitation":"Hess, S., 2002, Aerial survey methodology for bison population estimation in Yellowstone National Park, 154 p.","productDescription":"154 p.","numberOfPages":"167","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311829,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/8191?show=full"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.1431884765625,\n 44.09153051045218\n ],\n [\n -109.808349609375,\n 44.09153051045218\n ],\n [\n -109.808349609375,\n 45.061881623213026\n ],\n [\n -111.1431884765625,\n 45.061881623213026\n ],\n [\n -111.1431884765625,\n 44.09153051045218\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements \nfor the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Fish and Wildlife Management \n\nMontana State University\nBozeman, Montana \nApril 2002","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566175c2e4b06a3ea36c567a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hess, Steven C.","contributorId":74462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"Steven C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70159906,"text":"70159906 - 2002 - Modeling and measuring snow for assessing climate change impacts in Glacier National Park, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T09:09:42","indexId":"70159906","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-17T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling and measuring snow for assessing climate change impacts in Glacier National Park, Montana","docAbstract":"A 12-year program of global change research at Glacier National Park by the U.S. Geological Survey and numerous collaborators has made progress in quantifying the role of snow as a driver of mountain ecosystem processes. Spatially extensive snow surveys during the annual accumulation/ablation cycle covered two mountain watersheds and approximately 1,000 km2 . Over 7,000 snow depth and snow water equivalent (SWE) measurements have been made through spring 2002. These augment two SNOTEL sites, 9 NRCS snow courses, and approximately 150 snow pit analyses. Snow data were used to establish spatially-explicit interannual variability in snowpack SWE. East of the Continental Divide, snowpack SWE was lower but also less variable than west of the Divide. Analysis of snowpacks suggest downward trends in SWE, a reduction in snow cover duration, and earlier melt-out dates during the past 52 years. Concurrently, high elevation forests and treelines have responded with increased growth. However, the 80 year record of snow from 3 NRCS snow courses reflects a strong influence from the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, resulting in 20-30 year phases of greater or lesser mean SWE. Coupled with the fine-resolution spatial snow data from the two watersheds, the ecological consequences of changes in snowpack can be empirically assessed at a habitat patch scale. This will be required because snow distribution models have had varied success in simulating snowpack accumulation/ablation dynamics in these mountain watersheds, ranging from R2=0.38 for individual south-facing forested snow survey routes to R2=0.95 when aggregated to the watershed scale. Key ecological responses to snowpack changes occur below the watershed scale, such as snow-mediated expansion of forest into subalpine meadows, making continued spatially-explicit snow surveys a necessity.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of International Snow Science Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Snow Science Workshop","conferenceDate":"September 29 - October 4, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Penticton, British Columbia","language":"English","publisher":"Montana State University","publisherLocation":"Bozeman, MT","usgsCitation":"Fagre, D.B., Selkowitz, D.J., Reardon, B., Holzer, K., and McKeon, L., 2002, Modeling and measuring snow for assessing climate change impacts in Glacier National Park, Montana, in Proceedings of International Snow Science Workshop, Penticton, British Columbia, September 29 - October 4, 2002, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":311861,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311860,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://arc.lib.montana.edu/snow-science/search.php?workshop=International+Snow+Science+Workshop+Proceedings+2002"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.08178710937499,\n 49.005447494058096\n ],\n [\n -114.9609375,\n 48.73807825631017\n ],\n [\n -114.7796630859375,\n 48.669198799260045\n ],\n [\n -114.4940185546875,\n 48.50932644976633\n ],\n [\n -114.1754150390625,\n 48.381793961204984\n ],\n [\n -113.9996337890625,\n 48.06706753191901\n ],\n [\n -113.04931640625,\n 48.35989909002194\n ],\n [\n -113.2470703125,\n 48.53479452317522\n ],\n [\n -113.3843994140625,\n 48.75618876280552\n ],\n [\n -113.4613037109375,\n 48.99824008113872\n ],\n [\n -115.08178710937499,\n 49.005447494058096\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566175dce4b06a3ea36c56d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Selkowitz, David J. 0000-0003-0824-7051 dselkowitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0824-7051","contributorId":3259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selkowitz","given":"David","email":"dselkowitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reardon, Blase","contributorId":150198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reardon","given":"Blase","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":580983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holzer, Karen","contributorId":89055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKeon, Lisa 0000-0002-1760-0235 lisa_mckeon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1760-0235","contributorId":3683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKeon","given":"Lisa","email":"lisa_mckeon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70159905,"text":"70159905 - 2002 - Projecting the demographic consequences of management of Yellowstone Bison: Slaughtered bison sampling winter 2001 - 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T17:33:44","indexId":"70159905","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-10T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Projecting the demographic consequences of management of Yellowstone Bison: Slaughtered bison sampling winter 2001 - 2002","docAbstract":"Abstract not available
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Gogan, P.J., Podruzny, K., and Olexa, E.M., 2002, Projecting the demographic consequences of management of Yellowstone Bison: Slaughtered bison sampling winter 2001 - 2002, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311856,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 44.09942068528651\n ],\n [\n -109.8193359375,\n 44.09942068528651\n ],\n [\n -109.8193359375,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 44.09942068528651\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566175dfe4b06a3ea36c56e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gogan, Peter J. 0000-0002-7821-133X peter_gogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7821-133X","contributorId":1771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gogan","given":"Peter","email":"peter_gogan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Podruzny, K.M.","contributorId":54154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Podruzny","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olexa, Edward M. 0000-0002-2000-6798 eolexa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2000-6798","contributorId":4448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olexa","given":"Edward","email":"eolexa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70159902,"text":"70159902 - 2002 - Grizzly bear denning chronology and movements in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T17:29:22","indexId":"70159902","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-10T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grizzly bear denning chronology and movements in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","docAbstract":"Den entrance and emergence dates of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem are important to management agencies that wish to minimize impacts of human activities on bears. Current estimates for grizzly bear denning events use data that were collected from 1975–80. We update these estimates by including data obtained from 1981–99. We used aerial telemetry data to estimate week of den entry and emergence by determining the midpoint between the last known active date and the first known date denned, as well as the last known date denned and the first known active date. We also investigated post emergence movement patterns relative to den locations. Mean earliest and latest week of den entry and emergence were also determined. Den entry for females began during the fourth week in September, with 90% denned by the fourth week of November. Earliest den entry for males occurred during the second week of October, with 90% denned by the second week of December. Mean week of den entry for known pregnant females was earlier than males. Earliest week of den entry for known pregnant females was earlier than other females and males. Earliest den emergence for males occurred during the first week of February, with 90% of males out of dens by the fourth week of April. Earliest den emergence for females occurred during the third week of March; by the first week of May, 90% of females had emerged. Male bears emerged from dens earlier than females. Denning period differed among classes and averaged 171 days for females that emerged from dens with cubs, 151 days for other females, and 131 days for males. Known pregnant females tended to den at higher elevations and, following emergence, remained at higher elevation until late May. Females with cubs remained relatively close (<3 km) to den sites until the last 2 weeks in May. Timing of denning events was similar to previous estimates for this and other grizzly bear populations in the southern Rocky Mountains.
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