Ceanothus bolensis S. Boyd & J. Keeley is a new species in the subgenus Cerastes from northwestern Baja California, Mexico. It is well represented at elevations above 1000 m on Cerro Bola, a basaltic peak approximately 35 km south of the U.S./Mexican border. It is characterized by small, obovate to oblanceolate, cupped, essentially glabrous leaves with sparsely toothed margins, pale blue flowers, and globose fruits lacking horns. Principal components analysis on morphological traits shows it to be distinct from other members of Cerastes which are distributed away from the coast in southern California and Baja California, Mexico. These phenetic comparisons also suggest that Ceanothus otayensis should not be subsumed under C. crassifolius, as treated in the Jepson Manual, but rather should be retained at specific rank as well.
","language":"English","publisher":"California Botanical Society","publisherLocation":"Berkeley, CA","usgsCitation":"Boyd, S., and Keeley, J.E., 2002, A new species of Ceanothus from northern Baja California: Madroño, v. 49, no. 4, p. 289-294.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"294","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257931,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.werc.usgs.gov/ProductDetails.aspx?ID=2625","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Cerro Bola;Baja California","volume":"49","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4b0e4b0c8380cd4684d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyd, Steve","contributorId":31615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038220,"text":"70038220 - 2002 - Mercury on the move during snowmelt in Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-10T17:21:43.680117","indexId":"70038220","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury on the move during snowmelt in Vermont","docAbstract":"Although mercury (Hg) emissions peaked in the United States over the last 20 to 40 years and are now declining, they remain well above natural background levels in soils and sediments. Only a small fraction of the Hg deposited from the atmosphere to the terrestrial landscape runs off in streamflow. However, some of this Hg is methylated in the environment and can potentially bioaccumulate to the top of food webs, posing a hazard to people who eat fish, especially children and pregnant women. What factors determine the amount of Hg that runs off in streams? During the 2000 snowmelt at Sleepers River in Vermont, strong correlations were found between dissolved and particulate mercury and the respective dissolved and particulate organic carbon fractions, even when data were pooled from 10 streams of diverse watershed size and land cover. Episodic export of particulate Hg during the highest flows appears to be the dominant mechanism of Hg movement.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002EO000031","usgsCitation":"Shanley, J.B., Schuster, P., Reddy, M., Roth, D., Taylor, H.E., and Aiken, G., 2002, Mercury on the move during snowmelt in Vermont: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 83, no. 5, p. 45-48, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002EO000031.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"48","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478585,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002eo000031","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":254617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.3447265625,\n 42.66628070564928\n ],\n [\n -72.48779296875,\n 42.69858589169842\n ],\n [\n -71.47705078125,\n 45.042478050891546\n ],\n [\n -73.47656249999999,\n 44.98034238084973\n ],\n [\n -73.3447265625,\n 42.66628070564928\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"83","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5426e4b0c8380cd6cec7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuster, P. F.","contributorId":30197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"P. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roth, D.A.","contributorId":100864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Aiken, G.","contributorId":82066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70157405,"text":"70157405 - 2002 - Improving a regional model using reduced complexity and parameter estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-21T16:51:07.573419","indexId":"70157405","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-29T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving a regional model using reduced complexity and parameter estimation","docAbstract":"The availability of powerful desktop computers and graphical user interfaces for ground water flow models makes possible the construction of ever more complex models. A proposed copper-zinc sulfide mine in northern Wisconsin offers a unique case in which the same hydrologic system has been modeled using a variety of techniques covering a wide range of sophistication and complexity. Early in the permitting process, simple numerical models were used to evaluate the necessary amount of water to be pumped from the mine, reductions in streamflow, and the drawdowns in the regional aquifer. More complex models have subsequently been used in an attempt to refine the predictions. Even after so much modeling effort, questions regarding the accuracy and reliability of the predictions remain.
\nWe have performed a new analysis of the proposed mine using the two-dimensional analytic element code GFLOW coupled with the nonlinear parameter estimation code UCODE. The new model is parsimonious, containing fewer than 10 parameters, and covers a region several times larger in areal extent than any of the previous models. The model demonstrates the suitability of analytic element codes for use with parameter estimation codes. The simplified model results are similar to the more complex models; predicted mine inflows and UCODE-derived 95% confidence intervals are consistent with the previous predictions. More important, the large areal extent of the model allowed us to examine hydrological features not included in the previous models, resulting in new insights about the effects that far-field boundary conditions can have on near-field model calibration and parameterization. In this case, the addition of surface water runoff into a lake in the headwaters of a stream while holding recharge constant moved a regional ground watershed divide and resulted in some of the added water being captured by the adjoining basin. Finally, a simple analytical solution was used to clarify the GFLOW model's prediction that, for a model that is properly calibrated for heads, regional drawdowns are relatively unaffected by the choice of aquifer properties, but that mine inflows are strongly affected. Paradoxically, by reducing model complexity, we have increased the understanding gained from the modeling effort.
\nInfectious diseases can cause rapid population declines or species extinctions. Many pathogens of terrestrial and marine taxa are sensitive to temperature, rainfall, and humidity, creating synergisms that could affect biodiversity. Climate warming can increase pathogen development and survival rates, disease transmission, and host susceptibility. Although most host-parasite systems are predicted to experience more frequent or severe disease impacts with warming, a subset of pathogens might decline with warming, releasing hosts from disease. Recently, changes in El Niño–Southern Oscillation events have had a detectable influence on marine and terrestrial pathogens, including coral diseases, oyster pathogens, crop pathogens, Rift Valley fever, and human cholera. To improve our ability to predict epidemics in wild populations, it will be necessary to separate the independent and interactive effects of multiple climate drivers on disease impact.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.1063699","usgsCitation":"Harvell, C.D., Mitchell, C.E., Ward, J.R., Altizer, S., Dobson, A.P., Ostfeld, R., and Samuel, M.D., 2002, Climate warming and disease risks for terrestrial and marine biota: Science, v. 296, no. 5576, p. 2158-2162, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1063699.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2158","endPage":"2162","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"296","issue":"5576","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f657e4b0c8380cd4c6da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvell, C. D.","contributorId":103903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harvell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, C. E.","contributorId":73867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitchell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ward, J. R.","contributorId":18015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Altizer, S.","contributorId":101136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Altizer","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dobson, A. P.","contributorId":9992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dobson","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ostfeld, R. S.","contributorId":22472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ostfeld","given":"R. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Samuel, Michael D. msamuel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"Michael","email":"msamuel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70006409,"text":"70006409 - 2002 - Double sampling to estimate density and population trends in birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T19:24:00","indexId":"70006409","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:46:10","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Double sampling to estimate density and population trends in birds","docAbstract":"We present a method for estimating density of nesting birds based on double sampling. The approach involves surveying a large sample of plots using a rapid method such as uncorrected point counts, variable circular plot counts, or the recently suggested double-observer method. A subsample of those plots is also surveyed using intensive methods to determine actual density. The ratio of the mean count on those plots (using the rapid method) to the mean actual density (as determined by the intensive searches) is used to adjust results from the rapid method. The approach works well when results from the rapid method are highly correlated with actual density. We illustrate the method with three years of shorebird surveys from the tundra in northern Alaska. In the rapid method, surveyors covered ~10 ha h-1 and surveyed each plot a single time. The intensive surveys involved three thorough searches, required ~3 h ha-1, and took 20% of the study effort. Surveyors using the rapid method detected an average of 79% of birds present. That detection ratio was used to convert the index obtained in the rapid method into an essentially unbiased estimate of density. Trends estimated from several years of data would also be essentially unbiased. Other advantages of double sampling are that (1) the rapid method can be changed as new methods become available, (2) domains can be compared even if detection rates differ, (3) total population size can be estimated, and (4) valuable ancillary information (e.g. nest success) can be obtained on intensive plots with little additional effort. We suggest that double sampling be used to test the assumption that rapid methods, such as variable circular plot and double-observer methods, yield density estimates that are essentially unbiased. The feasibility of implementing double sampling in a range of habitats needs to be evaluated.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0036:DSTEDA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bart, J., and Earnst, S.L., 2002, Double sampling to estimate density and population trends in birds: The Auk, v. 119, no. 1, p. 36-45, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0036:DSTEDA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"45","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478586,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0036:dsteda]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":258314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03abe4b0c8380cd505cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bart, Jonathan jon_bart@usgs.gov","contributorId":57025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"Jonathan","email":"jon_bart@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Earnst, Susan L. susan_earnst@usgs.gov","contributorId":4446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earnst","given":"Susan","email":"susan_earnst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006924,"text":"70006924 - 2002 - Effects of dietary methylmercury on reproduction of fathead minnows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-07T01:01:38","indexId":"70006924","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:07:02","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of dietary methylmercury on reproduction of fathead minnows","docAbstract":"We examined effects of dietary methylmercury (MeHg) on reproduction of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Juvenile fish were fed one of four diets until sexual maturity (phase 1): a control diet (0.06 μg Hg g-1 dry weight) and three diets contaminated with MeHg at 0.88 (low), 4.11 (medium), and 8.46 μg Hg g-1 dry weight (high). At sexual maturity, male and female fish were paired, again fed one of the four diets, and allowed to reproduce (phase 2). To assess effects of MeHg during gametogenesis, some fish were fed diets during phase 2 that differed from those during phase 1. Spawning success of pairs fed the same diet during phases 1 and 2 was 75% for controls and 46%, 50%, and 36% for the low-, medium-, and high-MeHg treatments, respectively. Spawning success of pairs fed a contaminated diet during phase 1 and a control diet during phase 2 was 63%, 40%, and 14% for the low-, medium-, and high-MeHg treatments, respectively, whereas exposure to dietary MeHg only during phase 2 did not reduce spawning success. Dietary MeHg delayed spawning, and days to spawning was positively correlated with concentration of total mercury in the carcasses of test fish. MeHg reduced the instantaneous rate of reproduction of fish fed the same diets during phases 1 and 2. Both the gonadosomatic index and reproductive effort of female fish were inversely correlated with mercury in carcasses, whereas developmental and hatching success of embryos, 7-d survival, and 7-d growth of larvae were unrelated to mercury concentrations in parental fish or their diets. MeHg decreased reproduction of adult fathead minnows at dietary concentrations encountered by predatory fishes in aquatic systems with MeHg-contaminated food webs, implying that exposed fish populations could be adversely affected by this widespread contaminant.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es011120p","collaboration":"Abstract has subscript/superscript to be fixed","usgsCitation":"Hammerschmidt, C., Sandheinrich, M., Wiener, J., and Rada, R., 2002, Effects of dietary methylmercury on reproduction of fathead minnows: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 5, p. 877-883, https://doi.org/10.1021/es011120p.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"877","endPage":"883","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258227,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es011120p","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"36","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06cee4b0c8380cd5140f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammerschmidt, C.R.","contributorId":86625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammerschmidt","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandheinrich, M.B.","contributorId":76263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandheinrich","given":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiener, J.G.","contributorId":44107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rada, R.G.","contributorId":7651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rada","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70039469,"text":"70039469 - 2002 - Wisconsin: A summary of cooperative water-resources investigations 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-08T01:02:14","indexId":"70039469","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:56:22","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":379,"text":"Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Wisconsin: A summary of cooperative water-resources investigations 2002","docAbstract":"The objectives of this study are to provide continuous discharge records for selected rivers at specific sites to supply the needs for regulation, analytical studies, definition of statistical properties, trends analysis, determination of the occurrence, and distribution of water in streams for planning. The project is also designed to determine lake levels and to provide discharge for floods, low-flow conditions, and for water-quality investigations. Requests for streamflow data and information relating to streamflow in Wisconsin are answered. Basic data are published annually in the report \"Water Resources Data-Wisconsin\".","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70039469","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 2002, Wisconsin: A summary of cooperative water-resources investigations 2002: Report, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039469.","productDescription":"62 p.","numberOfPages":"67","costCenters":[{"id":676,"text":"Wisconsin Water Resource Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261598,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039469/report.pdf"},{"id":261599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039469/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.9,42.5 ], [ -92.9,47.05 ], [ -86.81666666666666,47.05 ], [ -86.81666666666666,42.5 ], [ -92.9,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd174e4b08c986b32f441","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","contributorId":127977,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","id":535314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006719,"text":"70006719 - 2002 - PCR und ELISA - Alternativen zum Maustest für die Analyse des Botulismus-Neurotoxin-C1 Giftbildungspotentiales in Umweltproben? [PCR and ELISA - in vitro alternatives to the mouse-bioassay for assessing the botulinum-neurotoxin-C1 production potential in environmental samples?]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-17T13:51:10","indexId":"70006719","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":616,"text":"ALTEX","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"PCR und ELISA - Alternativen zum Maustest für die Analyse des Botulismus-Neurotoxin-C1 Giftbildungspotentiales in Umweltproben? [PCR and ELISA - in vitro alternatives to the mouse-bioassay for assessing the botulinum-neurotoxin-C1 production potential in environmental samples?]","docAbstract":"Botulism is one of the most important bird diseases world-wide and is caused by the intoxication with Botulinum-Neurotoxin-C1 (BoNt-C1), which is produced by toxigenic clostridia under appropriate conditions. Avian botulism leads regularly to large losses among the migrating bird populations breeding and resting at the saltwater pools of the Austrian national park Neusiedler See-Seewinkel. Despite of its ethical dubiousness and its high technical expense the mouse-bioassay is still used as the routine standard method for the detection of BoNt-C1. According to the 3R-concept, in vitro alternative methods for the qualitative detection of BoNt-C1 (immunostick-ELISA) and a corresponding BoNt-C1 gene fragment (nested-PCR) were established. In order to estimate the BoNt-C1 production potential the methods were tested with sediment samples from different saltwater pools subjected to cultivation conditions appropriate for in vitro BoNt-C1-production. With the mouse-bioassay, 52 out of 77 samples were found to have a positive toxin production potential. The immunostick-ELISA showed a similar sensitivity as the mouse-bioassay and exhibited a highly significant positive correlation (r=0.94; p<0.001) with the mouse-bioassay in detecting BoNt-C1. The nested-PCR approach revealed higher numbers of positive BoNt-C1 gene fragment detections as compared to the direct toxin analysis approaches. A weak correlation (r=0.21; p=0.07) with the mouse-bioassay was discernible, no correlation was found with the immunostick-ELISA (r=0.09; p=0.46). Obviously, the PCR approach detected the BoNt-C1 gene fragment in some of the samples where no toxin expression has occurred. Thus it is suggested that the qualitative immunostick-ELISA represents a potential in vitro alternative to the mouse-bioassay for assessing the BoNt-C1 production potential in environmental samples. In contrast, qualitative BoNt-C1 gene fragment detection via PCR led to an overestimation of the actual toxin production potential.
","language":"German","publisher":"Society ALTEX Edition","publisherLocation":"Kuesnacht ZH, Switzerland","usgsCitation":"Zechmeister, T., Farnleitner, A., Rocke, T., Pittner, F., Rosengarten, R., Mach, R., Herzig, A., and Kirschner, A., 2002, PCR und ELISA - Alternativen zum Maustest für die Analyse des Botulismus-Neurotoxin-C1 Giftbildungspotentiales in Umweltproben? 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No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/amt/27.1.J3","usgsCitation":"Ginsberg, H., Lussier, C., Manski, D., and Ouellette, G., 2002, Management of the stinging ant Myrmica rubra, using a baited granular formulation of hydramethylnon, 1997: Arthropod Management Tests, v. 27, J3, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/amt/27.1.J3.","productDescription":"J3, 2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a302","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ginsberg, H. S. 0000-0002-4933-2466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":27576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"H. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lussier, C.","contributorId":98431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lussier","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manski, D.","contributorId":59537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manski","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ouellette, G.","contributorId":19669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ouellette","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224189,"text":"5224189 - 2002 - Effects of Phos-Chek G75-F and Silv-Ex on developing Northern Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-10T16:33:39.619477","indexId":"5224189","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:56","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of Phos-Chek G75-F and Silv-Ex on developing Northern Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus)","title":"Effects of Phos-Chek G75-F and Silv-Ex on developing Northern Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus)","docAbstract":"Eggs of nesting birds situated in peripheral areas serving as fire breaks are at risk of being sprayed with fire control chemicals. Acute toxicity tests were conducted by immersing northern bobwhite quail eggs for 10 s in different water-based concentrations of Silv-Ex® (SE), a foam-suppressant chemical, and Phos-Chek® G75-F (PC), a fire retardant chemical, on day 4 or day 11 of incubation. An attempt was made to relate the treatment concentrations to the actual field application levels. Mortality appeared higher in most groups exposed on day 11 than on day 4, suggesting that on day 11 the extensive chorioallantoic vascular network permitted greater uptake of chemical. Only 24–60% of the embryos survived to hatch at exposure concentrations of 202, 269, and 454 g/L PC when treated on incubation day 11. At higher concentrations including 681, 956, and 1,211 g/L PC, the compound did not completely dissolve in water and clumped on eggshells, resulting in greater hatching success. Exposures to SE at 100 g/L on incubation day 11 did not significantly affect hatching success of embryos but did significantly reduce the percent hematocrit in blood compared with controls. Incubation day 11 exposure to 202 and 1,211 g/L PC led to a significant increase in plasma aspartate aminotransferase, and day 4 exposure to 1,211 g/L PC resulted in a significant increase in alanine aminotransferase. In addition to elevated liver enzymes, these treatments resulted in a decrease in the number of hepatocyte profiles (1,211 g/L PC at day 4 and day 11) and an increase in hepatocyte size (202 and 1,211 g/L PC at day 11) in hatchlings. A combination of SE and PC was synergistic (202 g/L PC and 50 g/L SE) at day 11 of incubation with respect to decreased hatching success and reduced bone lengths. However, lower concentrations of SE (10 g/L or 30 g/L) combined with 202 g/L of PC appeared antagonistic. This may be due to SE, as a surfactant, altering the ability of PC to penetrate the egg. Our results show fewer adverse effects following exposure to SE than to PC; therefore application of SE may be less harmful to breeding bird populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-002-0218-3","usgsCitation":"Buscemi, D., Hoffman, D.J., Vyas, N., Spann, J.W., and Kuenzel, W.J., 2002, Effects of Phos-Chek G75-F and Silv-Ex on developing Northern Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus): Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 43, no. 3, p. 330-337, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-002-0218-3.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"330","endPage":"337","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6862a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buscemi, D.M.","contributorId":8022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buscemi","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, D. 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W.","contributorId":93435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spann","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kuenzel, Wayne J.","contributorId":15723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuenzel","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5224172,"text":"5224172 - 2002 - Sources of variation in breeding-ground fidelity of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:30","indexId":"5224172","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:56","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":981,"text":"Behavioral Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of variation in breeding-ground fidelity of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)","docAbstract":"Generalizations used to support hypotheses about the evolution of fidelity to breeding areas in birds include the tendency for fidelity to be greater in adult birds than in yearlings. In ducks, in contrast to most bird species, fidelity is thought to be greater among females than males. Researchers have suggested that fidelity in ducks is positively correlated with pond availability. However, most estimates of fidelity on which these inferences have been based represent functions of survival and recapture-resighting probabilities in addition to fidelity. We applied the modeling approach developed by Burnham to recapture and band recovery data of mallard ducks to test the above hypotheses about fidelity. We found little evidence of sex differences in adult philopatry, with females being slightly more philopatric than males in one study area, but not in a second study area. However, yearling females were more philopatric than yearling males in both study areas. We found that adults were generally more philopatric than yearlings. We could find no relationship between fidelity and pond availability. Our results, while partially supporting current theory concerning sex and age differences in philopatry, suggest that adult male mallards are more philopatric than once thought, and we recommend that other generalizations about philopatry be revisited with proper estimation techniques.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Behavioral Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1093/beheco/13.4.543","collaboration":"5919_Doherty.pdf","usgsCitation":"Doherty, P., Nichols, J., Tautin, J., Voelzer, J., Smith, G., Benning, D., Bentley, V., Bidwell, J., Bollinger, K., Brazda, A., Buelna, E., Goldsberry, J., King, R., Roetker, F., Solberg, J., Thorpe, P., and Wortham, J., 2002, Sources of variation in breeding-ground fidelity of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos): Behavioral Ecology, v. 13, no. 4, p. 543-550, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/13.4.543.","productDescription":"543-550","startPage":"543","endPage":"550","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478587,"rank":201,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/13.4.543","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":201907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17586,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/13.4.543","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc4dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doherty, P.F. Jr.","contributorId":74096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"P.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tautin, J.","contributorId":95168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tautin","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Voelzer, J.E.","contributorId":43474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voelzer","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, G.W.","contributorId":6561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Benning, D.S.","contributorId":19671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benning","given":"D.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bentley, V.R.","contributorId":43317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bentley","given":"V.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bidwell, J.K.","contributorId":27169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bidwell","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bollinger, K.S.","contributorId":85542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bollinger","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Brazda, A.R.","contributorId":78443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brazda","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Buelna, E.K.","contributorId":32650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buelna","given":"E.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Goldsberry, J.R.","contributorId":33013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldsberry","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"King, R.J.","contributorId":19268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Roetker, F.H.","contributorId":24475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roetker","given":"F.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Solberg, J.W.","contributorId":78055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solberg","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Thorpe, P.P.","contributorId":66819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorpe","given":"P.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Wortham, J.S.","contributorId":31503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wortham","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":5224175,"text":"5224175 - 2002 - Development of oak plantations established for wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5224175","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:56","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of oak plantations established for wildlife","docAbstract":"Extensive areas that are currently in agricultural production within the Mississippi Alluvial Valley are being restored to bottomland hardwood forests. Oaks (Quercus sp.), sown as seeds (acorns) or planted as seedlings, are the predominant trees established on most afforested sites. To compare stand development and natural invasion on sites afforested by planting seedlings or by sowing acorns, we sampled woody vegetation on ten 14- to 18-year-old oak plantations established to provide wildlife habitat. Stem densities of about 900 oaks/ha were comparable between stands established by sowing 4000 acorns/ha and stands established by planting 900 seedlings/ha. Densities of oaks in stands established from seedlings increased 38% from densities detected when these stands were 4- to 8-year-old. Densities of oaks established from field-sown acorns increased >100% during this same 10-year span. Oaks that were planted as seedlings were larger than those established from acorns, but trees resulting from either afforestation method were larger than trees naturally colonizing these sites. Natural invasion of woody species varied greatly among afforested sites, but was greater and more diverse on sites sown with acorns. Afforested stands were dominated by planted species, whereas naturally invading species were rare among dominant canopy trees. When afforestation objectives are primarily to provide wildlife habitat, we recommend, sowing acorns rather than planting seedlings. Additionally, planting fewer seeds or seedlings, diversifying the species planted, and leaving non-planted gaps will increase diversity of woody species and promote a more complex forest structure that enhances the suitability of afforested sites for wildlife.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00523-0","collaboration":"5922_Twedt.pdf","usgsCitation":"Twedt, D., and Wilson, R., 2002, Development of oak plantations established for wildlife: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 162, no. 2-3, p. 287-298, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00523-0.","productDescription":"287-298","startPage":"287","endPage":"298","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17587,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00523-0","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"162","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbe14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twedt, D.J. 0000-0003-1223-5045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":105009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, R.R.","contributorId":12138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223959,"text":"5223959 - 2002 - An appeal to undergraduate wildlife programs: send scientists to learn statistics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"5223959","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:56","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An appeal to undergraduate wildlife programs: send scientists to learn statistics","docAbstract":"Undergraduate wildlife students taking introductory statistics too often are poorly prepared and insufficiently motivated to learn statistics. We have also encountered too many wildlife professionals, even with graduate degrees, who exhibit an aversion to thinking statistically, either relying too heavily on statisticians or avoiding statistics altogether. We believe part of the reason for these problems is that wildlife majors are insufficiently grounded in the scientific method and analytical thinking before they take statistics. We suggest that a partial solution is to assure wildlife majors are trained in the scientific method at the very beginning of their academic careers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"In My Opinion... section","usgsCitation":"Kendall, W., and Gould, W., 2002, An appeal to undergraduate wildlife programs: send scientists to learn statistics: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 30, no. 2, p. 623-627.","productDescription":"623-627","startPage":"623","endPage":"627","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17585,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3784526","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685781","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":340065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gould, W.R.","contributorId":9746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gould","given":"W.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224179,"text":"5224179 - 2002 - Behavioral effects of environmental enrichment on harbor seals (Phoca vitulina concolor) and gray seals (Halichoerus grypus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-22T16:43:40.063462","indexId":"5224179","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:56","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3807,"text":"Zoo Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Behavioral effects of environmental enrichment on harbor seals (Phoca vitulina concolor) and gray seals (Halichoerus grypus)","title":"Behavioral effects of environmental enrichment on harbor seals (Phoca vitulina concolor) and gray seals (Halichoerus grypus)","docAbstract":"Zoos and aquariums have been incorporating environmental enrichment into their animal care programs for the past 30 years to increase mental stimulation and promote natural behaviors. However, most attempts to document the effects of enrichment on animal behavior have focused on terrestrial mammals. Staff at the National Aquarium in Baltimore conducted an investigation of the behavioral effects of enrichment on the seven harbor seals and two gray seals housed in the aquarium's outdoor seal exhibit. We expected that enrichment would change the amount of time the animals spent engaged in specific behaviors. The behaviors recorded were: resting in water, resting hauled out, maintenance, breeding display, breeding behavior, aggression, pattern swimming, random swimming, exploration, and out of sight. Activity levels (random swimming and exploration) were expected to increase, while stereotypic behaviors (pattern swimming) were expected to decrease. The frequency and duration of behaviors were documented for 90 hr in both the control phase (without enrichment) and the experimental phase (with enrichment). Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) in the time spent in pattern swimming, random swimming, exploration, and out of sight were observed between the two phases. With enrichment, pattern swimming and out of sight decreased, while random swimming and exploration behavior increased. These findings demonstrate that enrichment can promote behaviors (random swimming and exploration) that are likely to be normal for phocids in the wild, and that may contribute to the behavioral complexity of these seals in captivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/zoo.10042","usgsCitation":"Hunter, S., Bay, M.S., Martin, M.L., and Hatfield, J., 2002, Behavioral effects of environmental enrichment on harbor seals (Phoca vitulina concolor) and gray seals (Halichoerus grypus): Zoo Biology, v. 21, p. 375-387, https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.10042.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"387","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db627269","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, S. A.","contributorId":95181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunter","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bay, M. S.","contributorId":103391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bay","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, M. L.","contributorId":76048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeffrey S. jhatfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeffrey S.","email":"jhatfield@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":340804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224185,"text":"5224185 - 2002 - Metal concentrations in zebra mussels and sediments from embayments and riverine environments of eastern Lake Erie, southern Lake Ontario, and the Niagara River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-10T16:44:43.22897","indexId":"5224185","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:56","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metal concentrations in zebra mussels and sediments from embayments and riverine environments of eastern Lake Erie, southern Lake Ontario, and the Niagara River","docAbstract":"Concentrations of 14 metals were studied in the soft tissues of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and sediments from 16 Great Lakes embayments and riverine environments. Samples were collected in 1993 and 1994 during the early and late autumn period when the body mass of mussels is least affected by reproductive activities. There was a significant difference in geometric mean concentrations of all metals except Cu in mussels sampled from different sites, and there was a significant difference in the geometric mean concentrations of all metals but Cd, Mn, and Zn between years. The higher metal concentrations in mussels from this study were generally similar to those in mussels from contaminated European and U.S. locations, and those with lower concentrations were similar to those from uncontaminated European and U.S. locations. Geometric mean sediment concentrations of all metals differed significantly among sites. Sediment concentrations of metals from some sites were above EPA guidelines for moderately polluted harbor sediments. Sites where zebra mussels had higher concentrations of Al, Cr, and V tended to be the same sites as those where sediment concentrations of these metals were also higher. However, there was not a significant statistical relationship between concentrations of metals in zebra mussels and sediments, except for Mg.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-002-1176-5","usgsCitation":"Lowe, T., and Day, D.D., 2002, Metal concentrations in zebra mussels and sediments from embayments and riverine environments of eastern Lake Erie, southern Lake Ontario, and the Niagara River: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 43, no. 3, p. 301-308, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-002-1176-5.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"308","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, Niagara River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.14501953125,\n 42.293564192170095\n ],\n [\n -81.309814453125,\n 41.68932225997044\n ],\n [\n -79.1455078125,\n 42.407234661551875\n ],\n [\n -78.73901367187499,\n 42.72280375732727\n ],\n [\n -78.85986328125,\n 43.229195113965005\n ],\n [\n -78.42041015625,\n 43.30919109985686\n ],\n [\n -77.991943359375,\n 43.28520334369384\n ],\n [\n -77.5634765625,\n 43.205175817237304\n ],\n [\n -76.83837890625,\n 43.229195113965005\n ],\n [\n -76.09130859375,\n 43.55651037504758\n ],\n [\n -76.124267578125,\n 43.8028187190472\n ],\n [\n -76.025390625,\n 44.04811573082351\n ],\n [\n -78.50830078125,\n 43.50872101129684\n ],\n [\n -79.25537109375,\n 43.31718491566705\n ],\n [\n -79.420166015625,\n 43.08493742707592\n ],\n [\n -80.2001953125,\n 42.83569550641452\n ],\n [\n -81.14501953125,\n 42.293564192170095\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6258e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowe, T. P.","contributorId":26028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"T. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, D. D.","contributorId":28711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224176,"text":"5224176 - 2002 - Estimating site occupancy rates when detection probabilities are less than one","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-29T19:41:53.01096","indexId":"5224176","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:56","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating site occupancy rates when detection probabilities are less than one","docAbstract":"Nondetection of a species at a site does not imply that the species is absent unless the probability of detection is 1. We propose a model and likelihood-based method for estimating site occupancy rates when detection probabilities are < 1. The model provides a flexible framework enabling covariate information to be included and allowing for missing observations. Via computer simulation, we found that the model provides good estimates of the occupancy rates, generally unbiased for moderate detection probabilities (>0.3). We estimated site occupancy rates for two anuran species at 32 wetland sites in Maryland, USA, from data collected during 2000 as part of an amphibian monitoring program, Frogwatch USA. Site occupancy rates were estimated as 0.49 for American toads (Bufo americanus), a 44% increase over the proportion of sites at which they were actually observed, and as 0.85 for spring peepers (Pseudacris crucifer), slightly above the observed proportion of 0.83.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2248:ESORWD]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"MacKenzie, D., Nichols, J., Lachman, G., Droege, S., Royle, J., and Langtimm, C., 2002, Estimating site occupancy rates when detection probabilities are less than one: Ecology, v. 83, no. 8, p. 2248-2255, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2248:ESORWD]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2248","endPage":"2255","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.541015625,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -79.013671875,\n 39.26628442213066\n ],\n [\n -78.0908203125,\n 39.470125122358176\n ],\n [\n -77.255859375,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -75.76171875,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -75.05859375,\n 38.51378825951165\n ],\n [\n -75.5419921875,\n 38.54816542304656\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 39.67337039176558\n ],\n [\n -79.62890625,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n -79.541015625,\n 39.16414104768742\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"83","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc86e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacKenzie, D.I.","contributorId":69522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lachman, G.B.","contributorId":91217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lachman","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Droege, Sam 0000-0003-4393-0403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-0403","contributorId":64185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":340791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Royle, J. 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We focus on two estimators of relative abundance, which assume that the probability that an individual is detected at least once in the survey is either equal or unequal for the two populations. We present three methods for incorporating the collected information into our inference. The first method, proposed previously, is a traditional hypothesis test for evidence that detection probabilities are unequal. However, we feel that, a priori, it is more likely that detection probabilities are actually different; hence, the burden of proof should be shifted, requiring evidence that detection probabilities are practically equivalent. The second method we present, equivalence testing, is one approach to doing so. Third, we suggest that model averaging could be used by combining the two estimators according to derived model weights. These differing approaches are applied to a mark-recapture experiment on Nuttail's cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus nuttallii) conducted in central Oregon during 1974 and 1975, which has been previously analyzed by other authors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2387:HSDPBI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"MacKenzie, D., and Kendall, W., 2002, How should detection probability be incorporated into estimates of relative abundance?: Ecology, v. 83, no. 9, p. 2387-2393, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2387:HSDPBI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2387","endPage":"2393","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -124.4091796875,\n 41.934976500546604\n ],\n [\n -116.89453125,\n 41.934976500546604\n ],\n [\n -117.02636718749999,\n 44.5278427984555\n ],\n [\n -116.49902343749999,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -116.89453125,\n 45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n -119.5751953125,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -120.2783203125,\n 45.73685954736049\n ],\n [\n -121.025390625,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -121.728515625,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -122.431640625,\n 45.55252525134013\n ],\n [\n -122.6953125,\n 45.767522962149876\n ],\n [\n -122.6953125,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -123.92578125,\n 46.042735653846506\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 42.71473218539458\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"83","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae12b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacKenzie, D.I.","contributorId":69522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. 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We conducted monthly variable circular-plot counts for 36 consecutive months along transects running downhill from timberline. Density estimates were compared by month, year, and station for all resident bird species with sizeable populations, including four native nectarivores, two native insectivores, a non-native insectivore, and two non-native generalists. We compared densities among three elevational strata and between breeding and nonbreeding seasons. All species showed significant differences in density estimates among months and years. Three native nectarivores had higher density estimates within their breeding season (December-May) and showed decreases during periods of low nectar production following the breeding season. All insectivore and generalist species except one had higher density estimates within their March-August breeding season. Density estimates also varied with elevation for all species, and for four species a seasonal shift in population was indicated. Our data show that the best time to conduct counts for native forest birds on Maui is January-February, when birds are breeding or preparing to breed, counts are typically high, variability in density estimates is low, and the likelihood for fair weather is best. Temporal variations in density estimates documented in our study site emphasize the need for consistent, well-researched survey regimens and for caution when drawing conclusions from, or basing management decisions on, survey data.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/condor/104.3.469","usgsCitation":"Simon, J.C., Pratt, T., Berlin, K.E., Kowalsky, J.R., Fancy, S., and Hatfield, J., 2002, Temporal variation in bird counts within a Hawaiian rainforest: Condor, v. 104, no. 3, p. 469-481, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.3.469.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"469","endPage":"481","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478588,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.3.469","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.400390625,\n 21.3303150734318\n ],\n [\n -157.5439453125,\n 20.385825381874263\n ],\n [\n -156.26953125,\n 18.8543103618898\n ],\n [\n -155.3466796875,\n 18.8543103618898\n ],\n [\n -154.423828125,\n 19.352610894378625\n ],\n [\n -156.357421875,\n 21.739091217718574\n ],\n [\n -158.81835937499997,\n 22.350075806124867\n ],\n [\n -160.6201171875,\n 22.350075806124867\n ],\n [\n -160.400390625,\n 21.3303150734318\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dce4b07f02db5e1b3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simon, John C.","contributorId":71673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, T.K.","contributorId":13717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berlin, Kim E.","contributorId":70522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berlin","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kowalsky, James R.","contributorId":54707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowalsky","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fancy, S.G.","contributorId":8957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fancy","given":"S.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":41372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5224154,"text":"5224154 - 2002 - Sources of variation in survival and breeding site fidelity in three species of European ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-28T16:21:15.34541","indexId":"5224154","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of variation in survival and breeding site fidelity in three species of European ducks","docAbstract":"1. We used long-term capture-recapture-recovery data and a modelling approach developed by Burnham (1993) to test a priori predictions about sources of variation in annual survival rates and fidelity within a population of individually marked females in three species of European ducks from a breeding ground study site in Latvia. 2. True annual survival was higher for diving ducks (tufted duck 0-72, common pochard 0-65) and lower for northern shoveler (0-52). Survival of female diving ducks was positively correlated with mean winter temperatures at Western European wintering areas, the relationship being much stronger for pochard. 3. We present the first unbiased estimates of breeding fidelity and permanent emigration in European ducks. Estimated fidelity rates were high (0'88-1-0) and emigration rates low (0-0-12) for all three species, and we found strong evidence for age-specific differences in fidelity of pochards. Unusual long-distance (up to 2500 km) breeding dispersal movements that we found in female tufted ducks have not been documented in any other European waterfowl and are most probably a result of saturated nesting habitats. 4. Fidelity was a function of patch reproductive success in the previous year for all three species providing support for the idea that patch success is an important cue influencing fidelity. 5. Fidelity probability increased to 1.0 for shovelers during the last 12 years of study following provision of critical improvements in nesting habitats and suggested that habitat conditions and reproductive success determined site fidelity and settling patterns for shoveler and probably also influenced fidelity of the two other species. In predictable habitats, fidelity is a parameter that reflects the integration of fitness components and is thus a good quantity for assessing the effectiveness of habitat management actions.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00613.x","usgsCitation":"Blums, P., Nichols, J., and Hines, J., 2002, Sources of variation in survival and breeding site fidelity in three species of European ducks: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 71, no. 3, p. 438-450, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00613.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"438","endPage":"450","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478589,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00613.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":199582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e74ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blums, Peter","contributorId":25652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blums","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":340709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224157,"text":"5224157 - 2002 - A new species of small-eared shrew from Colombia and Venezuela (Mammalia: Soricomorpha: Soricidae: Genus Cryptotis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:43","indexId":"5224157","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3147,"text":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new species of small-eared shrew from Colombia and Venezuela (Mammalia: Soricomorpha: Soricidae: Genus Cryptotis)","docAbstract":"Populations of small-eared shrews inhabiting the northern Cordillera Oriental of Colombia and adjoining Venezuelan highlands in the vicinity of Paramo de Tama have been referred alternatively to Cryptotis thomssi or Cryptotis meridensis. Morphological and morphometrical study of this population indicates that it belongs to neither taxon, but represents a distinct, previously unrecognized species. I describe this new species as Cryptotis tamensis and redescribe C. meridensis. Recognition of the population at Paramo de Tama as a separate taxon calls into question the identities of populations of shrews currently represented only by single specimens from Cerro Pintado in the Sierra de Perija, Colombia, and near El Junquito in the coastal highlands of Venezuela.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"5911_Woodman.pdf","usgsCitation":"Woodman, N., 2002, A new species of small-eared shrew from Colombia and Venezuela (Mammalia: Soricomorpha: Soricidae: Genus Cryptotis): Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, v. 115, no. 2, p. 249-272.","productDescription":"249-272","startPage":"249","endPage":"272","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6aba4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodman, N. 0000-0003-2689-7373","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":104176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224155,"text":"5224155 - 2002 - Hierarchical modeling of population stability and species group attributes from survey data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-29T19:47:01.925392","indexId":"5224155","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchical modeling of population stability and species group attributes from survey data","docAbstract":"Many ecological studies require analysis of collections of estimates. For example, population change is routinely estimated for many species from surveys such as the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS), and the species are grouped and used in comparative analyses. We developed a hierarchical model for estimation of group attributes from a collection of estimates of population trend. The model uses information from predefined groups of species to provide a context and to supplement data for individual species; summaries of group attributes are improved by statistical methods that simultaneously analyze collections of trend estimates. The model is Bayesian; trends are treated as random variables rather than fixed parameters. We use Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods to fit the model. Standard assessments of population stability cannot distinguish magnitude of trend and statistical significance of trend estimates, but the hierarchical model allows us to legitimately describe the probability that a trend is within given bounds. Thus we define population stability in terms of the probability that the magnitude of population change for a species is less than or equal to a predefined threshold. We applied the model to estimates of trend for 399 species from the BBS to estimate the proportion of species with increasing populations and to identify species with unstable populations. Analyses are presented for the collection of all species and for 12 species groups commonly used in BBS summaries. Overall, we estimated that 49% of species in the BBS have positive trends and 33 species have unstable populations. However, the proportion of species with increasing trends differs among habitat groups, with grassland birds having only 19% of species with positive trend estimates and wetland birds having 68% of species with positive trend estimates.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[1743:HMOPSA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Sauer, J., and Link, W., 2002, Hierarchical modeling of population stability and species group attributes from survey data: Ecology, v. 83, no. 6, p. 1743-1751, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[1743:HMOPSA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1743","endPage":"1751","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae22b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}