{"pageNumber":"2915","pageRowStart":"72850","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184582,"records":[{"id":5224100,"text":"5224100 - 2002 - Data central: putting information where it counts for conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:43","indexId":"5224100","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:54","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1047,"text":"Bird Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Data central: putting information where it counts for conservation","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bird Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Wimer, M., 2002, Data central: putting information where it counts for conservation: Bird Conservation, v. No. 17.","productDescription":"4","startPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"No. 17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c97b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wimer, M. 0000-0003-1589-8151","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1589-8151","contributorId":105011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wimer","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5224113,"text":"5224113 - 2002 - Large scale wildlife monitoring studies: Statistical methods for design and analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-10T16:03:25.795558","indexId":"5224113","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:54","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1577,"text":"Environmetrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large scale wildlife monitoring studies: Statistical methods for design and analysis","docAbstract":"<p>Techniques for estimation of absolute abundance of wildlife populations have received a lot of attention in recent years. The statistical research has been focused on intensive small-scale studies. Recently, however, wildlife biologists have desired to study populations of animals at very large scales for monitoring purposes. Population indices are widely used in these extensive monitoring programs because they are inexpensive compared to estimates of absolute abundance. A crucial underlying assumption is that the population index (<i>C</i>) is directly proportional to the population density (<i>D</i>). The proportionality constant, <span>β</span>, is simply the probability of 'detection' for animals in the survey. As spatial and temporal comparisons of indices are crucial, it is necessary to also assume that the probability of detection is constant over space and time. Biologists intuitively recognize this when they design rigid protocols for the studies where the indices are collected. Unfortunately, however in many field studios the assumption is clearly invalid. We believe that the estimation of detection probability should be built into the monitoring design through a double sampling approach. A large sample of points provides an abundance index, and a smaller sub-sample of the same points is used to estimate detection probability. There is an important need for statistical research on the design and analysis of these complex studies. Some basic concepts based on actual avian, amphibian, and fish monitoring studies are presented in this article.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/env.514","usgsCitation":"Pollock, K.H., Nichols, J., Simons, T., Farnsworth, G., Bailey, L., and Sauer, J., 2002, Large scale wildlife monitoring studies: Statistical methods for design and analysis: Environmetrics, v. 13, no. 2, p. 105-119, https://doi.org/10.1002/env.514.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"119","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8a7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simons, T.R.","contributorId":56334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farnsworth, G.L.","contributorId":29533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farnsworth","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bailey, L.L. 0000-0002-5959-2018","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-2018","contributorId":61006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"L.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5224138,"text":"5224138 - 2002 - The estimation of size and change in composition of avian song repertoires","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:41","indexId":"5224138","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:54","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":770,"text":"Animal Behaviour","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The estimation of size and change in composition of avian song repertoires","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Animal Behaviour","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/anbe.2001.1906","collaboration":"5870_Garamszegi.pdf","usgsCitation":"Garamszegi, L.Z., Boulinier, T., Mrller, A., Torok, J., Michl, G., and Nichols, J., 2002, The estimation of size and change in composition of avian song repertoires: Animal Behaviour, v. 63, no. 3, p. 623-630, https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2001.1906.","productDescription":"623-630","startPage":"623","endPage":"630","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17522,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2001.1906","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"63","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dd0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garamszegi, L. Zs","contributorId":77267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garamszegi","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Zs","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boulinier, T.","contributorId":37845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boulinier","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mrller, A.P.","contributorId":55553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mrller","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Torok, J.","contributorId":41113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torok","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Michl, G.","contributorId":98847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michl","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5223938,"text":"5223938 - 2002 - Variation in survivorship of a migratory songbird throughout its annual cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-17T15:51:35.822","indexId":"5223938","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:54","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in survivorship of a migratory songbird throughout its annual cycle","docAbstract":"<p>1. Demographic data from both breeding and non-breeding periods are needed to manage populations of migratory birds, many of which are declining in abundance and are of conservation concern. Although habitat associations, and to a lesser extent, reproductive biology, are known for many migratory species, few studies have measured survival rates of these birds at different parts of their annual cycle.</p><p>2. Cormack–Jolly–Seber models and Akaike’s information criterion model selection were used to investigate seasonal variation in survival of a Nearctic – Neotropical migrant songbird, the black-throated blue warbler, <i>Dendroica caerulescens</i>. Seasonal and annual survival were estimated from resightings of colour-ringed individuals on breeding grounds in New Hampshire, USA from 1986 to 2000 and on winter quarters in Jamaica, West Indies from 1986 to 1999. Warblers were studied each year during the May–August breeding period in New Hampshire and during the October–March overwinter period in Jamaica.</p><p>3. In New Hampshire, males had higher annual survival (0·51 ± 0·03) and recapture probabilities (0·93 ± 0·03) than did females (survival: 0·40 ± 0·04; recapture: 0·87 ± 0·06). In Jamaica, annual survival (0·43 ± 0·03) and recapture (0·95 ± 0·04) probabilities did not differ between sexes. Annual survival and recapture probabilities of young birds (i.e. yearlings in New Hampshire and hatch-year birds in Jamaica) did not differ from adults, indicating that from the time hatch-year individuals acquire territories on winter quarters in mid-October, they survive as well as adults within the same habitat.</p><p>4. Monthly survival probabilities during the summer (May–August) and winter (October–March) stationary periods were high: 1·0 for males in New Hampshire, and 0·99 ± 0·01 for males in Jamaica and for females in both locations.</p><p>5. These annual and seasonal survival estimates were used to calculate warbler survival for the migratory periods. Monthly survival probability during migration ranged from 0·77 to 0·81 ± 0·02. Thus, apparent mortality rates were at least 15 times higher during migration compared to that in the stationary periods, and more than 85% of apparent annual mortality of <i>D. caerulescens</i> occurred during migration.</p><p>6. Additional data from multiple species, especially measures of habitat-specific demography and dispersal, will improve our understanding of the relative impacts of the breeding, migratory, and winter periods on population dynamics of migratory birds and thus enhance future conservation efforts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00599.x","usgsCitation":"Sillett, T., and Holmes, R.T., 2002, Variation in survivorship of a migratory songbird throughout its annual cycle: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 71, p. 296-308, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00599.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"296","endPage":"308","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602b51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sillett, T. Scott","contributorId":80788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sillett","given":"T. Scott","affiliations":[{"id":7035,"text":"Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":340016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holmes, Richard T.","contributorId":45269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224132,"text":"5224132 - 2002 - On the estimation of species richness based on the accumulation of previously unrecorded species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-28T16:23:56.284528","indexId":"5224132","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:54","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the estimation of species richness based on the accumulation of previously unrecorded species","docAbstract":"Estimation of species richness of local communities has become an important topic in community ecology and monitoring.  Investigators can seldom enumerate all the species present in the area of interest during sampling sessions.  If the location of interest is sampled repeatedly within a short time period, the number of new species recorded is typically largest in the initial sample and decreases as sampling proceeds, but new species may be detected if sampling sessions are added.  The question is how to estimate the total number of species.  The data collected by sampling the area of interest repeatedly can be used to build species-accumulation curves: the cumulative number of species recorded as a function of the number of sampling sessions (which we refer to as ?species-accumulation data?).  A classic approach used to compute total species richness is to fit curves to the data on species accumulation with sampling effort.  This approach does not rest on direct estimation of the probability of detecting species during sampling sessions and has no underlying basis regarding the sampling process that gave rise to the data.  Here we recommend a probabilistic, nonparametric estimator for species richness for use with species-accumulation data.  We use estimators of population size that were developed for capture-recapture data, but that can be used to estimate the size of species assemblages using species-accumulation data.  Models of detection probability account for the underlying sampling process.  They permit variation in detection probability among species.  We illustrate this approach using data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS).  We describe other situations where species accumulation data are collected under different designs (e.g., over longer periods of time, or over spatial replicates) and that lend themselves to use of capture-recapture models for estimating the size of the community of interest.  We discuss the assumptions and interpretations corresponding to each situation.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0587.2002.250112.x","usgsCitation":"Cam, E., Nichols, J., Sauer, J., and Hines, J., 2002, On the estimation of species richness based on the accumulation of previously unrecorded species: Ecography, v. 25, no. 1, p. 102-108, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0587.2002.250112.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"102","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama,  Louisiana,  Maine,  Maryland,  New  Hampshire, New Mexico, Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      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0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":340645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224146,"text":"5224146 - 2002 - Declining pollinators and natural communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:42","indexId":"5224146","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:54","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3221,"text":"RINHewS: Newsletter of the Rhode Island Natural History Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Declining pollinators and natural communities","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"RINHewS: Newsletter of the Rhode Island Natural History Survey","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ginsberg, H., 2002, Declining pollinators and natural communities: RINHewS: Newsletter of the Rhode Island Natural History Survey, v. 9, no. 1, p. 4-5.","productDescription":"4-5","startPage":"4","endPage":"5","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db67263c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ginsberg, H. S. 0000-0002-4933-2466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":27576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"H. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5224139,"text":"5224139 - 2002 - Wood Thrush movements and habitat use: Effects of forest management for Red-cockaded Woodpeckers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T19:33:50.870703","indexId":"5224139","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:54","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wood Thrush movements and habitat use: Effects of forest management for Red-cockaded Woodpeckers","docAbstract":"<p><span>We monitored adult and juvenile breeding-season movements and habitat use of radio-tagged Wood Thrushes (</span><i>Hylocichla mustelina</i><span>) at the Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge, central Georgia, USA. We investigated the effects that management for Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (</span><i>Picoides borealis</i><span>), thinning and burning &gt;30 year old loblolly pine (</span><i>Pinus taeda</i><span>) habitat, had on Wood Thrushes, a ground-foraging and midstory-nesting species. Adult Wood Thrush pairs regularly moved long distances between nesting attempts (range 1 to 17,388 m). The only experimental effect we found on adult movements was a decrease in weekly emigration rates (Ψ) from thinned and burned compartments after silvicultural management. Adult males preferred riparian hardwoods with sparse to moderate cover and those preferences increased following management. Juveniles remained near their nest site (</span><i>x̄</i><span> = 177 m, SE = 113) for an average 24 days (SE = 6.3), and then dispersed a mean 2,189 m (SE = 342). Before dispersal, juveniles preferred upland hardwood–pine mixed habitat (</span><i>P</i><span> &lt; 0.05) with moderate overstory cover (</span><i>P</i><span> &lt; 0.05). We found no management effects on dispersal distances or predispersal habitat use. However, juveniles from thinned and burned compartments dispersed to hardwood habitats with dense cover, whereas birds from control compartments dispersed to pine-dominated habitats with sparse cover. All juveniles dispersed to areas with habitat similar to what they used before dispersal. Small-scale thinning and burning for Red-cockaded Woodpeckers may have had little effect on Wood Thrush habitat use and movements because typical movements were often larger than the scale (stand or compartment) targeted for management.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1093/auk/119.1.109","usgsCitation":"Lang, J.D., Powell, L., Krementz, D., and Conroy, M., 2002, Wood Thrush movements and habitat use: Effects of forest management for Red-cockaded Woodpeckers: The Auk, v. 119, no. 1, p. 109-124, https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/119.1.109.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"124","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478592,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/119.1.109","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b4e4b07f02db5cad03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lang, J. D.","contributorId":88058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lang","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, L.A.","contributorId":51262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krementz, D.G.","contributorId":74332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224135,"text":"5224135 - 2002 - Inferring the absence of a species: A case study of snakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-04T17:01:40.764265","indexId":"5224135","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:54","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inferring the absence of a species: A case study of snakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Though the presence of a species can be unequivocally confirmed, its absence can only be inferred with a degree of probability. I used a model to calculate the minimum number of unsuccessful visits to a site that are necessary to assume that a species is absent. The model requires the probability of detection of the species per visit to be known. This probability may vary depending on habitat, year, season, the area surveyed, the population size of the species, and the observer. I studied 3 European snake species-asp viper (<i>Vipera aspis</i>), smooth snake (<i>Coronella austriaca</i>), and grass snake (<i>Natrix natrix</i>)-over a 5-yr (1994-1998) interval, and made 645 visits to 87 sites during their activity periods. I used a generalized logistic regression approach with random effects for years and sites to (1) estimate the probability of detection of these species from sites known to be occupied, (2) test factors affecting it, and (3) compute the minimum number of times that a site must be visited to infer the absence of the particular species. Probability of detection for all species was heavily influenced by an index of population size. For <i>V. aspis</i>, probability of detection increased from 0.23 to 0.50 and 0.70 in small, medium, and large populations, respectively. Similarly, probability of detection increased from 0.09 to 0.45 and 0.56 in small, medium, and large populations of <i>C. austriaca</i>, respectively, and from 0.11 in small to 0.25 in medium and large populations of <i>N. natrix</i>. Probability of detection also varied across months for all 3 species, among habitat types (<i>C. austriaca</i> only), and from year to year (<i>N. natrix</i> only). Sites with unknown occupancy status conservatively may be assumed to be occupied by small populations. I calculated that such sites need to be surveyed 12, 34, and 26 times for <i>V. aspis</i>, <i>C. austriaca</i>, and <i>N. natrix</i>, respectively, before assuming with 95% probability that the site is unoccupied. These results suggest that some species may be more wide-spread than thought. However, to ascertain the presence of such species at a site, search efforts need to be intensive.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3803165","usgsCitation":"Kery, M., 2002, Inferring the absence of a species: A case study of snakes: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 66, no. 2, p. 330-338, https://doi.org/10.2307/3803165.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"330","endPage":"338","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adfb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kery, M.","contributorId":46637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kery","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5224134,"text":"5224134 - 2002 - Of bugs and birds: Markov Chain Monte Carlo for hierarchical modeling in wildlife research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-04T17:04:23.313037","indexId":"5224134","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:54","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Of bugs and birds: Markov Chain Monte Carlo for hierarchical modeling in wildlife research","docAbstract":"<p><span>Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is a statistical innovation that allows researchers to fit far more complex models to data than is feasible using conventional methods. Despite its widespread use in a variety of scientific fields, MCMC appears to be underutilized in wildlife applications. This may be due to a misconception that MCMC requires the adoption of a subjective Bayesian analysis, or perhaps simply to its lack of familiarity among wildlife researchers. We introduce the basic ideas of MCMC and software <i>BUGS</i> (Bayesian inference using Gibbs sampling), stressing that a simple and satisfactory intuition for MCMC does not require extraordinary mathematical sophistication. We illustrate the use of MCMC with an analysis of the association between latent factors governing individual heterogeneity in breeding and survival rates of kittiwakes (<i>Rissa tridactyla</i>). We conclude with a discussion of the importance of individual heterogeneity for understanding population dynamics and designing management plans.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3803160","usgsCitation":"Link, W.A., Cam, E., Nichols, J.D., and Cooch, E.G., 2002, Of bugs and birds: Markov Chain Monte Carlo for hierarchical modeling in wildlife research: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 66, no. 2, p. 277-291, https://doi.org/10.2307/3803160.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"291","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691f01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Link, William A. 0000-0002-9913-0256 wlink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":146920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William","email":"wlink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":340649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cam, Emmanuelle","contributorId":78069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cam","given":"Emmanuelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":200533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":340651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cooch, Evan G.","contributorId":100673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224126,"text":"5224126 - 2002 - Species occurrence of marsh birds at Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:34","indexId":"5224126","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:54","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Species occurrence of marsh birds at Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"We initiated an inventory and a field test of a protocol that could be used for monitoring marsh birds at the Cape Cod National Seashore in eastern Massachusetts during 1999 and 2000, as part of a more comprehensive national effort.  Using cassette tapes during call broadcast surveys, we visited a total of 78 survey points at freshwater, brackish, and salt marsh sites three times on the ground or in canoes during the breeding season (May-June), fall migration (September to November), and twice during winter (December-January).  Observer bias on our marsh bird surveys appeared negligible.  Although both auditory and visual detection of most species was low (mean ( 0.3 birds per replicate-survey point), we confirmed the presence of seven marsh species, including American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus), Least Bittern (Ixobrychus exilis), American Coot (Fulica americana), King Rail (Rallus elegans), Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps), Sora (Porzana carolina), and Virginia Rail (Railus limicola).  We suspected breeding of Least Bitterns and Soras at Great Pond in Provincetown, and for Virginia Rails at Hatches Harbor, Provincetown.  The most frequently detected species were Soras, Pied-billed Grebes, and Virginia Rails.  We recommend using call broadcast surveys for these cryptic species to enhance their probabilities of detection.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"5855 Erwin.pdf","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R., Conway, C., and Hadden, S., 2002, Species occurrence of marsh birds at Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 9, no. 1, p. 1-12.","productDescription":"1-12","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17519,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1656%2F1092-6194%282002%29009%5B0001%3ASOOMBA%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4d15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, C.J.","contributorId":33417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hadden, S.W.","contributorId":69686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hadden","given":"S.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224116,"text":"5224116 - 2002 - Role of selenium toxicity and oxidative stress in aquatic birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5224116","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:54","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of selenium toxicity and oxidative stress in aquatic birds","docAbstract":"Adverse effects of selenium (Se) in wild aquatic birds have been documented as a consequence of pollution of the aquatic environment by subsurface agricultural drainwater and other sources.  These effects include mortality, impaired reproduction with teratogenesis, reduced growth, histopathological lesions and alterations in hepatic glutathione metabolism.  A review is provided, relating adverse biological effects of Se in aquatic birds to altered glutathione metabolism and oxidative stress.  Laboratory studies, mainly with an organic form of Se, selenomethionine, have revealed oxidative stress in different stages of the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) life cycle.  As dietary and tissue concentrations of Se increase, increases in plasma and hepatic GSH peroxidase activities occur, followed by dose-dependent increases in the ratio of hepatic oxidized to reduced glutathione (GSSG:GSH) and ultimately hepatic lipid peroxidation measured as an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS).  One or more of these oxidative effects were associated with teratogenesis (4.6 ppm wet weight Se in eggs), reduced growth in ducklings (15 ppm Se in liver), diminished immune function (5 ppm Se in liver) and histopathological lesions (29 ppm Se in liver) in adults.  Manifestations of Serelated effects on glutathione metabolism were also apparent in field studies in seven species of aquatic birds.  Reduced growth and possibly immune function but increased liver:body weight and hepatic GSSG:GSH ratios were apparent in American avocet (Recurvirostra americana) hatchlings from eggs containing 9 ppm Se. In blacknecked stilts (Himantopus mexicanus), which contained somewhat lower Se concentrations, a decrease in hepatic GSH was apparent with few other effects. In adult American coots (Fulica americana), signs of Se toxicosis included emaciation, abnormal feather loss and histopathological lesions.  Mean liver concentrations of 28 ppm Se (ww) in the coots were associated with elevated hepatic GSH peroxidase, depletion of hepatic protein bound thiols and total thiols, but a small increase in GSH.  Diving ducks in the San Francisco Bay area exhibited a positive correlation between hepatic Se concentration and GSH peroxidase activity (r=0.63, P<0.05), but a negative correlation between hepatic Se and GSH concentration (r=0.740, P<0.05). In willets (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus) from the San Diego area, positive correlations occurred between hepatic Se concentration and GSSG (r=0.70, P<0.001), GSSG:GSH ratio, and TBARS. In emperor geese (Chen canagica) from western Alaska, blood levels of up to 9.4 ppm occurred and were associated with increased plasma GSH peroxidase activity (r=0.62, P<0.001), but with decreased plasma GSSG reductase activity.  When evaluating Se toxicity, interactive nutritional factors, including other elements and dietary protein, should also be taken into consideration.  Further studies are needed to examine the relationship between different forms of environmentally occurring selenium, arsenic and mercury on reproduction, hepatotoxicity and immune function of aquatic birds.  Further selenium nutritional interaction studies may also help to illucidate the mechanism of selenium induced teratogenesis, by optimizing GSH and other antioxidant defense mechanisms in a manner that would stabilize or raise the cell's threshold for susceptibility to toxic attack from excess selenium.  It is concluded that Se-related manifestations of oxidative stress may serve as useful bioindicators of Se exposure and toxicity in wild aquatic birds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00263-6","collaboration":"5838_Hoffman.pdf","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., 2002, Role of selenium toxicity and oxidative stress in aquatic birds: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 57, no. 1, p. 11-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00263-6.","productDescription":"11-26","startPage":"11","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17514,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00263-6","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"57","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe1e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5224374,"text":"5224374 - 2002 - Quantifying vegetation and nekton response to tidal restoration of a New England salt marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T16:10:58.165914","indexId":"5224374","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying vegetation and nekton response to tidal restoration of a New England salt marsh","docAbstract":"<p><span>Tidal flow to salt marshes throughout the northeastern United States is often restricted by roads, dikes, impoundments, and inadequately sized culverts or bridge openings, resulting in altered ecological structure and function. In this study we evaluated the response of vegetation and nekton (fishes and decapod crustaceans) to restoration of full tidal flow to a portion of the Sachuest Point salt marsh, Middletown, Rhode Island. A before, after, control, impact study design was used, including evaluations of the tide-restricted marsh, the same marsh after reintroduction of tidal flow (i.e., tide-restored marsh), and an unrestricted control marsh. Before tidal restoration vegetation of the 3.7-ha tide-restricted marsh was dominated by&nbsp;</span><i>Phragmites australis</i><span>&nbsp;and was significantly different from the adjacent 6.3-ha&nbsp;</span><i>Spartina</i><span>-dominated unrestricted control marsh (analysis of similarities randomization test,&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.001). After one growing season vegetation of the tide-restored marsh had changed from its pre-restoration condition (analysis of similarities randomization test,&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.005). Although not similar to the unrestricted control marsh,&nbsp;</span><i>Spartina patens</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>S. alterniflora</i><span>&nbsp;abundance increased and abundance and height of&nbsp;</span><i>Phragmites</i><span>&nbsp;significantly declined, suggesting a convergence toward typical New England salt marsh vegetation. Before restoration shallow water habitat (creeks and pools) of the unrestricted control marsh supported a greater density of nekton compared with the tide-restricted marsh (analysis of variance,&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.001), but after one season of restored tidal flow nekton density was equivalent. A similar trend was documented for nekton species richness. Nekton density and species richness from marsh surface samples were similar between the tide-restored marsh and unrestricted control marsh.&nbsp;</span><i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Palaemonetes pugio</i><span>&nbsp;were the numerically dominant fish and decapod species in all sampled habitats. This study provides an example of a quantitative approach for assessing the response of vegetation and nekton to tidal restoration.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.01036.x","usgsCitation":"Roman, C., Raposa, K.B., Adamowicz, S.C., James-Pirri, M., and Catena, J.G., 2002, Quantifying vegetation and nekton response to tidal restoration of a New England salt marsh: Restoration Ecology, v. 10, no. 3, p. 450-460, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.01036.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"450","endPage":"460","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486937,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/nrs_facpubs/734","text":"External Repository"},{"id":202294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Sachuest Point Salt Marsh","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.25268936157227,\n              41.47919701845492\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.2379264831543,\n              41.47919701845492\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.2379264831543,\n              41.49404954714209\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.25268936157227,\n              41.49404954714209\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.25268936157227,\n              41.47919701845492\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-08-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a87e4b07f02db64e6cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roman, Charles T.","contributorId":28171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman","given":"Charles T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raposa, Kenneth B.","contributorId":208064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raposa","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37702,"text":"Narragansett Bay Naitonal Estuarine Research Reserve, Prudence Island, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":341466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adamowicz, Susan C.","contributorId":174712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adamowicz","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":341462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"James-Pirri, Mary-Jane","contributorId":16147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James-Pirri","given":"Mary-Jane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Catena, J. G.","contributorId":33819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Catena","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5224375,"text":"5224375 - 2002 - The effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1242) on thyroxine, estradiol, molt, and plumage characteristics in the American kestrel (Falco sparverius)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T16:50:55.78574","indexId":"5224375","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1242) on thyroxine, estradiol, molt, and plumage characteristics in the American kestrel (<i>Falco sparverius</i>)","title":"The effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1242) on thyroxine, estradiol, molt, and plumage characteristics in the American kestrel (Falco sparverius)","docAbstract":"<p>The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of Aroclor 1242, a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), on plumage characteristics and molt in the American kestrel, <i>Falco sparverills</i>. Several characteristics of plumage. including color and molt schedule, are modulated by hormonal signals and hence may be modified by endocrine-active contaminants. If so, the functions of plumage (e.g. communication for mating or territorial defense) may be compromised by exposure to such compounds. Captive American kestrels were fed Aroclor 1242 at 0. 6.0. and 60.0 ppm (n = 6 males and 6 females per treatment) mixed in their normal diet. Concentrations of plasma estradiol and thyroxine were measured weekly from the beginning of treatment. Measured plumage characteristics included width of the black subterminal band on the tail, color (a composite index of hue and saturation), reflectance from 230 to 800 min. pattern of feather loss and regrowth on the tail and wing. and timing of onset and duration of molt. Aroclor 1242 depressed plasma thyroxine. Plasma estradiol levels remained low due to the phase of the breeding cycle. Treatments did not disrupt the measured plumage characteristics. This may be due to timing or dose of exposure or to genetic factors.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620210713","usgsCitation":"Quinn, M., French, J., McNabb, F., and Ottinger, M.A., 2002, The effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1242) on thyroxine, estradiol, molt, and plumage characteristics in the American kestrel (Falco sparverius): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 21, no. 7, p. 1417-1422, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620210713.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1417","endPage":"1422","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","city":"Laurel","otherGeospatial":"U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildife Research Center","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.84112548828125,\n              39.065914339454764\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.83382987976074,\n              39.065914339454764\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.83382987976074,\n              39.069912673532144\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.84112548828125,\n              39.069912673532144\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.84112548828125,\n              39.065914339454764\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f072b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quinn, M.J.","contributorId":50990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinn","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"French, J.B. 0000-0001-8901-7092","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8901-7092","contributorId":13944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McNabb, F.M.A.","contributorId":43462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNabb","given":"F.M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ottinger, M. A.","contributorId":99078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224159,"text":"5224159 - 2002 - Book review:  Bird census techniques, Second edition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-02T10:22:08","indexId":"5224159","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review:  Bird census techniques, Second edition","docAbstract":"<p>Conservation concerns, federal mandates to monitor birds, and citizen science programs have spawned a variety of surveys that collect information on bird populations. Unfortunately, all too frequently these surveys are poorly designed and use inappropriate counting methods. Some of the flawed approaches reflect a lack of understanding of statistical design; many ornithologists simply are not aware that many of our most entrenched counting methods (such as point counts) cannot appropriately be used in studies that compare densities of birds over space and time. It is likely that most of the readers of The Condor have participated in a bird population survey that has been criticized for poor sampling methods. For example, North American readers may be surprised to read in Bird Census Techniques that the North American Breeding Bird Survey 'is seriously flawed in its design,' and that 'Analysis of trends is impossible from points that are positioned along roads' (p. 109). Our conservation efforts are at risk if we do not acknowledge these concerns and improve our survey designs. Other surveys suffer from a lack of focus. In Bird Census Techniques, the authors emphasize that all surveys require clear statements of objectives and an understanding of appropriate survey designs to meet their objectives. Too often, we view survey design as the realm of ornithologists who know the life histories and logistical issues relevant to counting birds. This view reflects pure hubris: survey design is a collaboration between ornithologists, statisticians, and managers, in which goals based on management needs are met by applying statistical principles for design to the biological context of the species of interest. Poor survey design is often due to exclusion of some of these partners from survey development. Because ornithologists are too frequently unaware of these issues, books such as Bird Census Techniques take on added importance as manuals for educating ornithologists about the relevance of survey design and methods and the often subtle interdisciplinary nature of surveys.</p><p>Review info:&nbsp;Bird Census Techniques, Second Edition. By Colin J. Bibby, Neil D. Burgess, David A. Hill, and Simon H. Mustoe. 2000. Academic Press, London, UK. xvii 1 302 pp. &nbsp;ISBN 0- 12-095831-7.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2002)104[0698:BCTSE]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Sauer, J., 2002, Book review:  Bird census techniques, Second edition: Condor, v. 104, no. 3, p. 698-701, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2002)104[0698:BCTSE]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"698","endPage":"701","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478594,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2002)104[0698:bctse]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ade4b07f02db5c7300","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, John R. jrsauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John R.","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":340721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5224242,"text":"5224242 - 2002 - The systematic status of the Italian wolf Canis lupus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T17:57:52","indexId":"5224242","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":648,"text":"Acta Theriologica","onlineIssn":"2190-3743","printIssn":"0001-7051","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The systematic status of the Italian wolf <i>Canis lupus</i>","title":"The systematic status of the Italian wolf Canis lupus","docAbstract":"<p>In the past, the gray wolf <i>Canis lupus</i> Linnaeus, 1758, has been recognized in Italy as either the subspecies <i>lupus</i> or <i>italicus</i>. It has also been postulated that this population has undergone introgression from the domestic dog <i>Canis</i> <i>familiaris</i>. In order to clarify these issues, multistatistical analyses were made of 10 skull measurements of 34 full grown male wolves from the Italian Peninsula, 91 other male Eurasian wolves, and 20 domestic dogs. The analyses, together with other morphological evidence and prior genetic research, support recognition of the Italian wolf as a separate subspecies, <i>Canis</i> <i>lupus</i> <i>italicus</i>. The same evidence indicates that the subspecies has not been affected through hybridization with the domestic dog.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF03194151","usgsCitation":"Nowak, R.M., and Federoff, N.E., 2002, The systematic status of the Italian wolf Canis lupus: Acta Theriologica, v. 47, no. 3, p. 333-338, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03194151.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"333","endPage":"338","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a5125","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nowak, Ronald M.","contributorId":25622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Federoff, Nicholas E.","contributorId":174756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Federoff","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224369,"text":"5224369 - 2002 - Determining the trophic guilds of fishes and macroinvertebrates in a seagrass food web","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-10T16:52:56.937746","indexId":"5224369","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining the trophic guilds of fishes and macroinvertebrates in a seagrass food web","docAbstract":"<p>We established trophic guilds of macroinvertebrate and fish taxa using correspondence analysis and a hierarchical clustering strategy for a seagrass food web in winter in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. To create the diet matrix, we characterized the trophic linkages of macroinvertebrate and fish taxa. present in <i>Hatodule wrightii</i> seagrass habitat areas within the St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge (Florida) using binary data, combining dietary links obtained from relevant literature for macroinvertebrates with stomach analysis of common fishes collected during January and February of 1994. Heirarchical average-linkage cluster analysis of the 73 taxa of fishes and macroinvertebrates in the diet matrix yielded 14 clusters with diet similarity greater than or equal to 0.60. We then used correspondence analysis with three factors to jointly plot the coordinates of the consumers (identified by cluster membership) and of the 33 food sources. Correspondence analysis served as a visualization tool for assigning each taxon to one of eight trophic guilds: herbivores, detritivores, suspension feeders, omnivores, molluscivores, meiobenthos consumers, macrobenthos consumers, and piscivores. These trophic groups, cross-classified with major taxonomic groups, were further used to develop consumer compartments in a network analysis model of carbon flow in this seagrass ecosystem. The method presented here should greatly improve the development of future network models of food webs by providing an objective procedure for aggregating trophic groups.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02692212","usgsCitation":"Luczkovich, J., Ward, G., Johnson, J.C., Christian, R., Baird, D., Neckles, H., and Rizzo, W., 2002, Determining the trophic guilds of fishes and macroinvertebrates in a seagrass food web: Estuaries, v. 25, no. 6A, p. 1143-1163, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02692212.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1143","endPage":"1163","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.44847106933594,\n              30.034027713362217\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.3804931640625,\n              30.034027713362217\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.3804931640625,\n              30.073847754270204\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.44847106933594,\n              30.073847754270204\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.44847106933594,\n              30.034027713362217\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"6A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66739e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luczkovich, J.J.","contributorId":35436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luczkovich","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, G.P.","contributorId":58748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, James C.","contributorId":78364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christian, R.R.","contributorId":8593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christian","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baird, D.","contributorId":57194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baird","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Neckles, H.","contributorId":65204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neckles","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rizzo, W.M.","contributorId":104849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rizzo","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":5224250,"text":"5224250 - 2002 - New observations of the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) in Peru","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:11","indexId":"5224250","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New observations of the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) in Peru","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6067_Kery.pdf","usgsCitation":"Kery, M., 2002, New observations of the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) in Peru: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 36, no. 3, p. 213-217.","productDescription":"213-217","startPage":"213","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17072,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/jrr/v036n03/p00213-p00217.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":195962,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6975b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kery, M.","contributorId":46637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kery","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5224371,"text":"5224371 - 2002 - Seasonal distribution and abundance of fishes and decapod crustaceans in a Cape Cod estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:05","indexId":"5224371","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal distribution and abundance of fishes and decapod crustaceans in a Cape Cod estuary","docAbstract":"Sampling in several habitat types (sand/mud, eelgrass, sand, gravel, macroalgae/mud) during all seasons with a variety of gears in Nauset Marsh, Massachusetts during 1985-1987 found a fauna consisting of 35 fish and 10 decapod crustacean species. Although most of the abundant species were found in several habitat types, species richness and habitat use appeared to be highest for vegetated habitats (eelgrass, macroalgae). The fishes and decapods were numerically dominated by cold-water taxa; however, numerous fish species, represented by rare individuals of predominantly southern forms, enriched the fauna. Species composition of Nauset Marsh could be distinguished from estuaries south of Cape Cod and even from the south shore of the cape. Both fishes and decapods were most abundant during the summer, apparently due to the contributions from spring and summer spawning in the estuary and the adjacent Atlantic Ocean. The location of Nauset Marsh and other estuaries on Cape Cod provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the importance of this region as a faunal boundary to estuarine species. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6242_Able.pdf","usgsCitation":"Able, K., Fahay, M., Heck, K., Roman, C.T., Lazzari, M., and Kaiser, S., 2002, Seasonal distribution and abundance of fishes and decapod crustaceans in a Cape Cod estuary: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 9, no. 3, p. 285-302.","productDescription":"285-302","startPage":"285","endPage":"302","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17077,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1656%2F1092-6194%282002%29009%5B0285%3ASDAAOF%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f74a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Able, K.W.","contributorId":66786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Able","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fahay, M.P.","contributorId":14870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fahay","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heck, K.L.","contributorId":98841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heck","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roman, C. T.","contributorId":79579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lazzari, M.A.","contributorId":103382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lazzari","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kaiser, S.C.","contributorId":90007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5224264,"text":"5224264 - 2002 - Blood selenium concentrations and enzyme activities related to glutathione metabolism in wild emperor geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T14:09:19","indexId":"5224264","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Blood selenium concentrations and enzyme activities related to glutathione metabolism in wild emperor geese","docAbstract":"<p>In 1998, we collected blood samples from 63 emperor geese (<i>Chen canagica</i>) on their breeding grounds on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD) in western Alaska, USA. We studied the relationship between selenium concentrations in whole blood and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in plasma. Experimental studies have shown that plasma activities of these enzymes are useful biomarkers of selenium-induced oxidative stress, but little information is available on their relationship to selenium in the blood of wild birds. Adult female emperor geese incubating their eggs in mid-June had a higher mean concentration of selenium in their blood and a greater activity of glutathione peroxidase in their plasma than adult geese or goslings that were sampled during the adult flight feathermolting period in late July and early August. Glutathione peroxidase activity was positively correlated with the concentration of selenium in the blood of emperor geese, and the rate of increase relative to selenium was greater in goslings than in adults. The activity of glutathione reductase was greatest in the plasma of goslings and was greater in molting adults than incubating females but was not significantly correlated with selenium in the blood of adults or goslings. Incubating female emperor geese had high selenium concentrations in their blood, accompanied by increased glutathione peroxidase activity consistent with early oxidative stress. These findings indicate that further study of the effects of selenium exposure, particularly on reproductive success, is warranted in this species.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620211022","usgsCitation":"Franson, J., Hoffman, D.J., and Schmutz, J.A., 2002, Blood selenium concentrations and enzyme activities related to glutathione metabolism in wild emperor geese: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 21, no. 10, p. 2179-2184, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620211022.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2179","endPage":"2184","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kashunuk River, Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"21","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcea1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":127740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. Christian","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":341088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224376,"text":"5224376 - 2002 - Immunological and physiological effects of chronic exposure of Peromyscus leucopus to Aroclor 1254 at a concentration similar to that found at contaminated sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:06","indexId":"5224376","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3610,"text":"Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Immunological and physiological effects of chronic exposure of Peromyscus leucopus to Aroclor 1254 at a concentration similar to that found at contaminated sites","docAbstract":"Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are environmental contaminants known to cause adverse health effects to biological systems. Limited data are available on their effects on the immune system of wildlife species. Previously, we found that 4 and 6-week-old white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) born from dams injected with a single dose (300 mg/kg) of Aroclor 1254, had altered immunological, hematological, and biochemical responses. Here, we examined the effect of transplacental lactational and postnatal exposure to Aroclor 1254, at a concentration similar to that found at contaminated sites, on various physiological parameters of 22-week-old white-footed mice. Liver weight and liver somatic index of PCB treated animals were significantly higher, the combined weights of the adrenal glands were significantly lower and EROD and BROD enzyme activity was significantly higher compared to control values. The number of thymocytes of the treated mice was significantly lower than that of the controls; however, thymocytes of treated mice had a higher proliferative response to the mitogen Con A. These alterations were correlated with the PCBs body burdens. Some toxic effects of chronic exposure to PCBs, at levels comparable to exposure found in contaminated sites in the USA, are still evident in adult P. leucopus.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00039-2","usgsCitation":"Segre, M., Arena, S., Greeley, E., Melancon, M.J., Graham, D., and French, J., 2002, Immunological and physiological effects of chronic exposure of Peromyscus leucopus to Aroclor 1254 at a concentration similar to that found at contaminated sites: Toxicology, v. 174, no. 3, p. 163-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00039-2.","productDescription":"163-172","startPage":"163","endPage":"172","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17081,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00039-2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"174","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa963","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Segre, M.","contributorId":49483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segre","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arena, S.M.","contributorId":43880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arena","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greeley, E.H.","contributorId":74841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Melancon, M. J.","contributorId":96206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Graham, D.A.","contributorId":11730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"French, J.B. 0000-0001-8901-7092","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8901-7092","contributorId":13944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5224377,"text":"5224377 - 2002 - Can non-breeding be a cost of breeding dispersal?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:33","indexId":"5224377","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":982,"text":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can non-breeding be a cost of breeding dispersal?","docAbstract":"Breeding habitat selection and dispersal are crucial processes that affect many components of fitness. Breeding dispersal entails costs, one of which has been neglected: dispersing animals may miss breeding opportunities because breeding dispersal requires finding a new nesting site and mate, two time- and energy-consuming activities. Dispersers are expected to be prone to non-breeding. We used the kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) to test whether breeding dispersal influences breeding probability. Breeding probability was associated with dispersal, in that both were negatively influenced by private information (previous individual reproductive success) and public information (average reproductive success of conspecifics) about patch quality. Furthermore, the probability of skipping breeding was 1.7 times higher in birds that settled in a new patch relative to those that remained on the same patch. Finally, non-breeders that resumed breeding were 4.4 times more likely to disperse than birds that bred in successive years. Although private information may influence breeding probability directly, the link between breeding probability and public information may be indirect, through the influence of public information on breeding dispersal, non-breeding thus being a cost of dispersal. These results support the hypothesis that dispersal may result in not being able to breed. More generally, non-breeding (which can be interpreted as an extreme form of breeding failure) may reveal costs of various previous activities. Because monitoring the non-breeding portion of a population is difficult, non-breeders have been neglected in many studies of reproduction trade-offs. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00265-001-0423-5","usgsCitation":"Danchin, E., and Cam, E., 2002, Can non-breeding be a cost of breeding dispersal?: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, v. 51, no. 2, p. 153-163, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-001-0423-5.","productDescription":"153-163","startPage":"153","endPage":"163","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17082,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-001-0423-5","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a03e4b07f02db5f8274","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Danchin, E.","contributorId":89635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danchin","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cam, E.","contributorId":12952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cam","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224227,"text":"5224227 - 2002 - Slaty-backed Gull in Sullivan Co., NY","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:03","indexId":"5224227","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2583,"text":"Kingbird","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slaty-backed Gull in Sullivan Co., NY","docAbstract":"An adult Slaty-backed Gull (Larus schistisagus) was found and photographed at Neversink Reservoir, Sullivan Co., NY on 20 February 2002.  A native of northeastern Eurasia and northern Japan, this species is rare along the Bering coast of Alaska, and there are only a handful of scattered records in the lower 48 state since the first in St Louis along the Mississippi River in late 1983.  There is one previous New York State occurrence, in the Niagara River Gorge area of NY/ONT, 24 November-29 December 1992. The Sullivan Co. adult is the closest confirmed Slaty-backed Gull to the Atlantic Coast; recent single individuals along the Susquehanna River in MD, and at Cape Hatteras NC remain in dispute.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Kingbird","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Freer, V., Haas, J., and Buckley, P.A., 2002, Slaty-backed Gull in Sullivan Co., NY: Kingbird, v. 51, p. 114-118.","productDescription":"114-118","startPage":"114","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eec19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freer, V.","contributorId":68005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freer","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haas, J.","contributorId":62711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buckley, P. A.","contributorId":69264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224226,"text":"5224226 - 2002 - A new southern distributional limit for the Central American rodent Peromyscus stirtoni","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:12","indexId":"5224226","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1185,"text":"Caribbean Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new southern distributional limit for the Central American rodent Peromyscus stirtoni","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Caribbean Journal of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6023_Woodman.pdf","usgsCitation":"Woodman, N., Schneider, E., Grant, P., Same, D., Schmall, K., and Curtis, J., 2002, A new southern distributional limit for the Central American rodent Peromyscus stirtoni: Caribbean Journal of Science, v. 38, no. 3-4, p. 281-284.","productDescription":"281-284","startPage":"281","endPage":"284","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17069,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://academic.uprm.edu/publications/cjs/Vol38b/38_281-284.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":196010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6abb3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodman, N. 0000-0003-2689-7373","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":104176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, E.","contributorId":102169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grant, P.","contributorId":41000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Same, D.","contributorId":54311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Same","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmall, K.E.","contributorId":85288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmall","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Curtis, J.T.","contributorId":20031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5224373,"text":"5224373 - 2002 - Indicators of wetland condition for the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T09:43:56","indexId":"5224373","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Indicators of wetland condition for the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>We describe a study designed to evaluate the performance ofwetland condition indicators of the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR)of the north central United States. Basin and landscape scaleindicators were tested in 1992 and 1993 to determine theirability to discriminate between the influences of grasslanddominated and cropland dominated landscapes in the PPR. Pairedplots were selected from each of the major regions of the PPR.Among the landscape scale indicators tested, those most capableof distinguishing between the two landscapes were: 1) frequencyof drained wetland basins, 2) total length of drainage ditch perplot, 3) amount of exposed soil in the upland subject to erosion,4) indices of change in area of wetland covered by water, and5) number of breeding duck pairs. Basin scale indicators includingsoil phosphorus concentrations and invertebrate taxa richnessshowed some promise; however, plant species richness was the onlystatistically significant basin scale indicator distinguishinggrassland dominated from cropland dominated landscapes. Althoughour study found a number of promising candidate indicators, oneof our conclusions is that basin scale indicators present anumber of implementation problems, including: skill levelrequirements, site access denials, and recession of site accessby landowners. Alternatively, we suggest that the use oflandscape indicators based on remote sensing can be an effectivemeans of assessing wetland integrity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1019982818231","usgsCitation":"Guntenspergen, G.R., Peterson, S., Leibowitz, S., and Cowardin, L., 2002, Indicators of wetland condition for the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 78, no. 3, p. 229-252, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019982818231.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"252","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae025","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":341459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, S.A.","contributorId":98666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leibowitz, S.G.","contributorId":66635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leibowitz","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cowardin, L.M.","contributorId":106435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224225,"text":"5224225 - 2002 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70184473,"text":"70184473 - 2002 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001: Robbins Nest, Laurel, MD (390-0765)","indexId":"70184473","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001: Robbins Nest, Laurel, MD (390-0765)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":5224225,"text":"5224225 - 2002 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001","indexId":"5224225","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70184474,"text":"70184474 - 2002 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764)","indexId":"70184474","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":5224225,"text":"5224225 - 2002 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001","indexId":"5224225","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T17:44:38","indexId":"5224225","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2881,"text":"North American Bird Bander","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001","docAbstract":"<p>The Hollywood, Butler Island, and Wekiva Basin stations did not operate this year, but we welcome back Jekyll Island, GA, with its flagship species, Western Palm Warbler (835); and we are glad to have a report from Rock Springs Run State Reserve in Florida to replace the Wekiva Station. </p><p>Except for a couple of good rains in August, the second half of the year was droughty in Maryland and Virginia, while Florida had a surplus of rain throughout the autumn. Baltimore recorded its driest fall since 1941. The 2001 stream inflow entering Chesapeake Bay was 36 percent below normal, securing the status of the region's longest running drought since the 1960s. Part of the extended drought can be blamed on two consecutive years without a hurricane making landfall in continental United States--the first time in two decades that this had happened. September and October averaged cooler than normal throughout the region, but the other months had excessive heat. The stations that opened in early August detected little movement in the first half of the .month. States to the north of us were experiencing record-breaking heat, culminating in the hottest day in the past quarter century in New York City (104<span>°</span>F) on 9 Aug. On the following day he temperature 40 feet below the surface of Lake Erie more than three miles off Cleveland reached 80<span>°</span>F for the first time in history.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Western, Inland, and Eastern Bird Banding Associations","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C.S., 2002, Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001: North American Bird Bander, v. 27, no. 3, p. 97-100.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"100","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337270,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.westernbirdbanding.org/nabb.html","text":"Journal's Website"}],"country":"United States","volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65de64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Chandler S. crobbins@usgs.gov","contributorId":4275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Chandler","email":"crobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":340958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}