Volcanic rocks, mostly basalts and some andesites, are interbedded with middle Miocene strata and are overlain by younger rocks throughout the greater part of the Los Angeles Basin, California. Roughly correlative flows, previously dated radiometrically (or paleontologically) at about 16.4 to 10.7 Ma, crop out in five separate regions around the basin perimeter. Los Angeles Basin volcanic rocks have special meaning because they offer clues to tectonomagmatic events associated with onset of clockwise transrotation of the western Transverse Ranges region and to the timing and locus of the initial basin opening.
\nWhole-rock 40Ar/39Ar dating of near-tholeiitic olivine basalts of the Topanga Formation (Hoots, 1931) from three sites in the easternmost Santa Monica Mountains, combined with 87Sr/86Sr dating of fossil carbonates from interstratified marine beds at nine sites, establish a new age of 17.4 Ma for these oldest known Topanga-age volcanics of the Los Angeles Basin. We also record three new 40Ar/39Ar ages (15.3 Ma) from andesitic flows of the lower Glendora Volcanics at the northeast edge of the basin, 70 km east of the Santa Monica Mountains. A whole-rock determination of 17.2±0.5 Ma for nearby altered olivine basalt in the unfossiliferous Glendora volcanic sequence is questionable because of a complex 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum suggestive of 39Ar recoil, but it may indicate an older volcanic unit in this eastern area.
\nWe hypothesize that the 17.4-Ma volcanics in the eastern Santa Monica Mountains are an early expression of deep crustal magmatism accompanying the earliest extensional tectonism associated with rifting. The extremely thick younger volcanic pile in the western and central parts of the range may suggest that this early igneous activity in the eastern area was premonitory. Paleomagnetic declination data are needed to determine the pre-transrotational orientation of the eastern Santa Monica Mountains volcanic sequence. The new age determinations do not yield unequivocal support for either of two proposed explanations of possible age trends of Miocene volcanic rocks in southern California but underscore the need for further work.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1669","usgsCitation":"McCulloh, T.H., Fleck, R.J., Denison, R.E., Beyer, L.A., and Stanley, R.G., 2002, Age and tectonic significance of volcanic rocks in the northern Los Angeles Basin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1669, iii, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1669.","productDescription":"iii, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":81988,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1669/pdf/pp1669.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124313,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1669/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":3770,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1669/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Los Angeles Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.5,33.5 ], [ -118.5,34.25 ], [ -117.75,34.25 ], [ -117.75,33.5 ], [ -118.5,33.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6896e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCulloh, Thane H.","contributorId":100450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCulloh","given":"Thane","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleck, Robert J. 0000-0002-3149-8249 fleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3149-8249","contributorId":1048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Robert","email":"fleck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denison, Rodger E.","contributorId":42994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denison","given":"Rodger","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beyer, Larry A. lbeyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"Larry","email":"lbeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":50083,"text":"fs10502 - 2002 - Cooperative Topographic Mapping Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:15","indexId":"fs10502","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"105-02","title":"Cooperative Topographic Mapping Program","docAbstract":"The mission of the Cooperative Topographic Mapping (CTM) Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is to provide the Nation with access to current, accurate, and consistent base geographic data and derivative products, including topographic maps. The CTM Program has the lead responsibility to develop, maintain, and make available The National Map.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs10502","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002, Cooperative Topographic Mapping Program: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 105-02, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs10502.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0105/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86288,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0105/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db6603c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50086,"text":"fs10802 - 2002 - The National Map - Geographic Names","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-15T17:28:14","indexId":"fs10802","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"108-02","title":"The National Map - Geographic Names","docAbstract":"Governments depend on a common set of base geographic information as a tool for economic and community development, land and natural resource management, and health and safety services. Emergency management and homeland security applications rely on this information. Private industry, nongovernmental organizations, and individual citizens use the same geographic data. Geographic information underpins an increasingly large part of the Nation's economy.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs10802","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002, The National Map - Geographic Names: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 108-02, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs10802.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":175471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0108/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86291,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0108/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db68884d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50085,"text":"fs10702 - 2002 - The National Map - Orthoimagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-06T15:56:39","indexId":"fs10702","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"107-02","title":"The National Map - Orthoimagery","docAbstract":"Governments depend on a common set of base geographic information as a tool for economic and community development, land and natural resource management, and health and safety services. Emergency management and homeland security applications rely on this information. Private industry, nongovernmental organizations, and individual citizens use the same geographic data. Geographic information underpins an increasingly large part of the Nation's economy.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs10702","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002, The National Map - Orthoimagery (Superseded by FS 2007-3008): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 107-02, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs10702.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0107/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86290,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0107/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Superseded by FS 2007-3008","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b04c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50104,"text":"pp1627 - 2002 - Techniques for assessing sand and gravel resources in glaciofluvial deposits — An example using the surficial geologic map of the Loudon quadrangle, Merrimack and Belknap Counties, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T22:56:06.317159","indexId":"pp1627","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1627","title":"Techniques for assessing sand and gravel resources in glaciofluvial deposits — An example using the surficial geologic map of the Loudon quadrangle, Merrimack and Belknap Counties, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"A method for estimating the sand and gravel resources in glaciofluvial systems has been developed based on surficial mapping techniques that use the morphosequence concept and geographic information systems (GIS). Two different strategies are used to estimate gravel resources. One strategy estimates the sand and gravel resources contained in esker deposits; the other, which is more dependent on GIS, estimates resources in non-esker deposits. An attempt has been made to determine which deposits are sterilized; that is, those beneath the water table, adjacent to streams or roads, or encroached on by urbanization. Preliminary estimates using these methods indicate that about 158,000,000 m3 (206,000,000 yd3) of sand and gravel are present in the Soucook River valley part of the Loudon, N.H., 7.5-minute quadrangle. About 64,500,000 m3 (84,400,000 yd3) of these materials are in deposits above the water table. About 26 percent of the sand and gravel resources above the water table are unlikely to be mined because they have been sterilized. Of the remaining resources, 479,000 m3 (627,000 yd3) of gravel and 1,120,000 m3 (1,460,000 yd3) of sand are in esker deposits, and 9,400,000 m3 (12,300,000 yd3) of gravel and 38,300,000 m3 (50,100,000 yd3) of sand are in stratified non-esker deposits. With the addition of new well data, newer and more accurate estimates are possible.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1627","isbn":"10449612","usgsCitation":"Sutphin, D., Drew, L.J., Fowler, B.K., and Goldsmith, R., 2002, Techniques for assessing sand and gravel resources in glaciofluvial deposits — An example using the surficial geologic map of the Loudon quadrangle, Merrimack and Belknap Counties, New Hampshire (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1627, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1627.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1627.jpg"},{"id":110399,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54519.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"54519"},{"id":4284,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1627/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","county":"Belknap County, Merrimack County","otherGeospatial":"Loudon quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.5,\n 43.25\n ],\n [\n -71.375,\n 43.25\n ],\n [\n -71.375,\n 43.375\n ],\n [\n -71.5,\n 43.375\n ],\n [\n -71.5,\n 43.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699725","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sutphin, David M.","contributorId":53769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutphin","given":"David M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drew, Lawrence J. ldrew@usgs.gov","contributorId":2635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Lawrence","email":"ldrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":240764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fowler, Brian K.","contributorId":83975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldsmith, Richard","contributorId":33283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldsmith","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70242834,"text":"70242834 - 2002 - Kelp forest ecosystems: Biodiversity, stability, resilience and future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-19T16:50:50.126019","indexId":"70242834","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-19T11:43:46","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1531,"text":"Environmental Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kelp forest ecosystems: Biodiversity, stability, resilience and future","docAbstract":"Kelp forests are phyletically diverse, structurally complex and highly productive components of coldwater rocky marine coastlines. This paper reviews the conditions in which kelp forests develop globally and where, why and at what rate they become deforested. The ecology and long archaeological history of kelp forests are examined through case studies from southern California, the Aleutian Islands and the western North Atlantic, well-studied locations that represent the widest possible range in kelp forest biodiversity. Global distribution of kelp forests is physiologically constrained by light at high latitudes and by nutrients, warm temperatures and other macrophytes at low latitudes. Within mid-latitude belts (roughly 40–60° latitude in both hemispheres) well-developed kelp forests are most threatened by herbivory, usually from sea urchins. Overfishing and extirpation of highly valued vertebrate apex predators often triggered herbivore population increases, leading to widespread kelp deforestation. Such deforestations have the most profound and lasting impacts on species-depauperate systems, such as those in Alaska and the western North Atlantic. Globally urchin-induced deforestation has been increasing over the past 2–3 decades. Continued fishing down of coastal food webs has resulted in shifting harvesting targets from apex predators to their invertebrate prey, including kelp-grazing herbivores. The recent global expansion of sea urchin harvesting has led to the widespread extirpation of this herbivore, and kelp forests have returned in some locations but, for the first time, these forests are devoid of vertebrate apex predators. In the western North Atlantic, large predatory crabs have recently filled this void and they have become the new apex predator in this system. Similar shifts from fish- to crab-dominance may have occurred in coastal zones of the United Kingdom and Japan, where large predatory finfish were extirpated long ago. Three North American case studies of kelp forests were examined to determine their long history with humans and project the status of future kelp forests to the year 2025. Fishing impacts on kelp forest systems have been both profound and much longer in duration than previously thought. Archaeological data suggest that coastal peoples exploited kelp forest organisms for thousands of years, occasionally resulting in localized losses of apex predators, outbreaks of sea urchin populations and probably small-scale deforestation. Over the past two centuries, commercial exploitation for export led to the extirpation of sea urchin predators, such as the sea otter in the North Pacific and predatory fishes like the cod in the North Atlantic. The large-scale removal of predators for export markets increased sea urchin abundances and promoted the decline of kelp forests over vast areas. Despite southern California having one of the longest known associations with coastal kelp forests, widespread deforestation is rare. It is possible that functional redundancies among predators and herbivores make this most diverse system most stable. Such biodiverse kelp forests may also resist invasion from non-native species. In the species-depauperate western North Atlantic, introduced algal competitors carpet the benthos and threaten future kelp dominance. There, other non-native herbivores and predators have become established and dominant components of this system. Climate changes have had measurable impacts on kelp forest ecosystems and efforts to control the emission of greenhouse gasses should be a global priority. However, overfishing appears to be the greatest manageable threat to kelp forest ecosystems over the 2025 time horizon. Management should focus on minimizing fishing impacts and restoring populations of functionally important species in these systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0376892902000322","usgsCitation":"Steneck, R.S., Graham, M.H., Bourque, B.J., Corbett, D., Erlandson, J.M., Estes, J.A., and Tegner, M.J., 2002, Kelp forest ecosystems: Biodiversity, stability, resilience and future: Environmental Conservation, v. 29, no. 4, p. 436-459, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892902000322.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"436","endPage":"459","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416014,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-02-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steneck, Robert S.","contributorId":55211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steneck","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, Michael H.","contributorId":42785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bourque, Bruce J.","contributorId":12698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourque","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Corbett, Debbie","contributorId":304251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corbett","given":"Debbie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Erlandson, Jon M.","contributorId":68114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Erlandson","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7025,"text":"Museum of Natural and Cultural History, University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":869925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tegner, M. J.","contributorId":102029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tegner","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":50498,"text":"ofr02223 - 2002 - Analytical methods for chemical analysis of geologic and other materials, U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-07T13:13:05.911273","indexId":"ofr02223","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-223","title":"Analytical methods for chemical analysis of geologic and other materials, U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02223","usgsCitation":"2002, Analytical methods for chemical analysis of geologic and other materials, U.S. Geological Survey (Version 5.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-223, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02223.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":484237,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0223/OFR-02-0223.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":4313,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0223","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":176178,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 5.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67f90e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Taggart, Joseph E. Jr.","contributorId":108179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"Joseph","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749883,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50492,"text":"ofr2002150 - 2002 - Revised Protocols for Sampling Algal, Invertebrate, and Fish Communities as Part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":17335,"text":"ofr93409 - 1993 - Methods for collecting algal samples as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","indexId":"ofr93409","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Methods for collecting algal samples as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":50492,"text":"ofr2002150 - 2002 - Revised Protocols for Sampling Algal, Invertebrate, and Fish Communities as Part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","indexId":"ofr2002150","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Revised Protocols for Sampling Algal, Invertebrate, and Fish Communities as Part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":18602,"text":"ofr93406 - 1993 - Methods for collecting benthic invertebrate samples as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","indexId":"ofr93406","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Methods for collecting benthic invertebrate samples as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":50492,"text":"ofr2002150 - 2002 - Revised Protocols for Sampling Algal, Invertebrate, and Fish Communities as Part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","indexId":"ofr2002150","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Revised Protocols for Sampling Algal, Invertebrate, and Fish Communities as Part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":20091,"text":"ofr93104 - 1993 - Methods for sampling fish communities as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","indexId":"ofr93104","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Methods for sampling fish communities as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":50492,"text":"ofr2002150 - 2002 - Revised Protocols for Sampling Algal, Invertebrate, and Fish Communities as Part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","indexId":"ofr2002150","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Revised Protocols for Sampling Algal, Invertebrate, and Fish Communities as Part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":49826,"text":"ofr96409 - 1996 - Level II scour analysis for Bridge 32 (BRNATH00470032) on Town Highway 47, crossing Locust Creek, Barnard, Vermont","indexId":"ofr96409","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Level II scour analysis for Bridge 32 (BRNATH00470032) on Town Highway 47, crossing Locust Creek, Barnard, Vermont"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":50492,"text":"ofr2002150 - 2002 - Revised Protocols for Sampling Algal, Invertebrate, and Fish Communities as Part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","indexId":"ofr2002150","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Revised Protocols for Sampling Algal, Invertebrate, and Fish Communities as Part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program"},"id":4}],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-17T12:42:11","indexId":"ofr2002150","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-150","title":"Revised Protocols for Sampling Algal, Invertebrate, and Fish Communities as Part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","docAbstract":"Algal, invertebrate, and fish communities are characterized as part of ecological studies in the U.S. Geological Survey.s National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Information from these ecological studies, together with chemical and physical data, provide an integrated assessment of water quality at local, regional, and national scales. Analysis and interpretation of water-quality data at these various geographic scales require accurate and consistent application of sampling protocols and sample-processing procedures. This report revises and unifies into a single document the algal, invertebrate, and fish community sampling protocols used in the National Water-Quality Assessment Program.
","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr2002150","usgsCitation":"Moulton, S.R., Kennen, J., Goldstein, R.M., and Hambrook, J.A., 2002, Revised Protocols for Sampling Algal, Invertebrate, and Fish Communities as Part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program (Supersedes Open-File Reports 93-104, 93-406, and 93-409): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-150, x, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2002150.","productDescription":"x, 75 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":175966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":318940,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-150/pdf/ofr02-150.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":11748,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-150/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Supersedes Open-File Reports 93-104, 93-406, and 93-409","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603d44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moulton, Stephen R. II","contributorId":10451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moulton","given":"Stephen","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennen, Jonathan G. 0000-0002-5426-4445 jgkennen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5426-4445","contributorId":574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennen","given":"Jonathan G.","email":"jgkennen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldstein, Robert M.","contributorId":68267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hambrook, Julie A.","contributorId":74062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hambrook","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":53696,"text":"ofr02306F - 2002 - Municipal GIS database of Guatemala; Volume 6, Guatemala City, Guatemala","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T12:32:10","indexId":"ofr02306F","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-306","chapter":"F","title":"Municipal GIS database of Guatemala; Volume 6, Guatemala City, Guatemala","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02306F","collaboration":"The USGS does not provide technical support for the software associated with this publication.","usgsCitation":"Chirico, P., Hearn, P., Bartolomei, O.R., and Tanner, S., 2002, Municipal GIS database of Guatemala; Volume 6, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Release 1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-306, 2 CD-ROMs : maps ; 4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02306F.","productDescription":"2 CD-ROMs : maps ; 4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":336255,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0306-f/ofr02306F_1.zip","text":"Disc 1","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":336256,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0306-f/ofr02306F_2.zip","text":"Disc 2","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"edition":"Release 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698b20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chirico, Peter G.","contributorId":27086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chirico","given":"Peter G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hearn, P.P.","contributorId":18380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","given":"P.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartolomei, Ovidio Rivero","contributorId":102134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartolomei","given":"Ovidio","email":"","middleInitial":"Rivero","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tanner, S.D.","contributorId":37810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":47503,"text":"ofr02485 - 2002 - Ground-water, surface-water and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona: 2001-02","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-05T21:44:47.832479","indexId":"ofr02485","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-485","title":"Ground-water, surface-water and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona: 2001-02","docAbstract":"The N aquifer is the major source of water in the 5,400-square-mile area of Black Mesa in northeastern Arizona. Availability of water is an important issue in this area because of continued industrial and municipal use, a growing population, and precipitation of about 6 to 14 inches per year.
\nThe monitoring program in the Black Mesa area has been operating since 1971 and is designed to determine the long-term effects of ground-water withdrawals from the N aquifer for industrial and municipal uses. The monitoring program includes measurements of (1) ground-water pumping, (2) ground-water levels, (3) spring discharge, (4) surface-water discharge, and (5) ground-water chemistry.
\nIn 2001, total ground-water withdrawals were 7,680 acre-feet, industrial use was 4,530 acre-feet, and municipal use was 3,150 acre-feet. From 2000 to 2001, total withdrawals decreased by 1 percent, industrial use increased by 1 percent, and municipal use decreased by 3 percent.
\nFrom 2001 to 2002, water levels declined in 5 of 14 wells in the unconfined part of the aquifer, and the median change was +0.2 foot. Water levels declined in 12 of 17 wells in the confined part of the aquifer, and the median change was -1.4 feet.
\nFrom the prestress period (prior to 1965) to 2002, the median water-level change for 32 wells was -15.8 feet. Median water-level changes were -1.3 feet for 15 wells in the unconfined part of the aquifer and -31.7 feet for 17 wells in the confined part.
\nDischarges were measured once in 2001 and once in 2002 at four springs. Discharges decreased by 26 percent and 66 percent at two springs, increased by 100 percent at one spring, and did not change at one spring. For the past 10 years, discharges from the four springs have fluctuated; however, an increasing or decreasing trend is not apparent.
\nContinuous records of surface-water discharge have been collected from 1976 to 2001 at Moenkopi Wash, 1996 to 2001 at Laguna Creek, 1993 to 2001 at Dinnebito Wash, and 1994 to 2001 at Polacca Wash. Median flows for November, December, January, and February of each water year were used as an index of ground-water discharge to those streams. Since 1995, the median winter flows have decreased for Moenkopi Wash, Dinnebito Wash, and Polacca Wash. Since 1997, there is no consistent trend in the median winter flow for Laguna Creek.
\nIn 2002, water samples were collected from 12 wells and 4 springs and analyzed for selected chemical constituents. Dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 96 to 636 milligrams per liter. Water samples from 8 of the wells and from 3 of the springs had less than 300 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids. There are no appreciable time trends in the chemistry of water samples from 9 wells and 4 springs; the 9 wells had more than 7 years of data, and the 4 springs had more than 9 years of data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/ofr02485","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources and Bureau of Indian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Thomas, B.E., 2002, Ground-water, surface-water and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona: 2001-02: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-485, iv, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02485.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"50","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287827,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287826,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0485/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":410071,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54475.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Black Mesa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.4,\n 36.875\n ],\n [\n -111.4,\n 35.5958\n ],\n [\n -109.5917,\n 35.5958\n ],\n [\n -109.5917,\n 36.875\n ],\n [\n -111.4,\n 36.875\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db6485e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Blakemore E.","contributorId":93871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Blakemore","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":69582,"text":"i2668 - 2002 - Geologic Map of the Izzenhood Spring Quadrangle, Lander County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:32","indexId":"i2668","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2668","title":"Geologic Map of the Izzenhood Spring Quadrangle, Lander County, Nevada","docAbstract":"The Izzenhood Spring quadrangle covers about 145 km2 of the southwestern part of the Sheep Creek Range in northern Lander County, Nevada. The quadrangle is underlain by Lower Paleozoic rocks that are unconformably overlain and intruded by thick sequences of Miocene igneous rocks related to the northern Nevada rift (Stewart and McKee, 1977; Wallace and John, 1998; John and others, 2000). Much of the eastern part of the quadrangle is covered by thin Quaternary surficial deposits.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/i2668","usgsCitation":"John, D.A., and Wrucke, C.T., 2002, Geologic Map of the Izzenhood Spring Quadrangle, Lander County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2668, Sheet 37 by 33 inches (in color), https://doi.org/10.3133/i2668.","productDescription":"Sheet 37 by 33 inches (in color)","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110369,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_53901.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"53901"},{"id":185606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9381,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2668/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.86749999999999,40.75 ], [ -116.86749999999999,40.8675 ], [ -116.75,40.8675 ], [ -116.75,40.75 ], [ -116.86749999999999,40.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683b23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wrucke, Chester T.","contributorId":21145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wrucke","given":"Chester","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":50511,"text":"ofr02328 - 2002 - The Cascadia Subduction Zone and related subduction systems: Seismic structure, intraslab earthquakes and processes, and earthquake hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-07T19:28:54.036536","indexId":"ofr02328","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-328","title":"The Cascadia Subduction Zone and related subduction systems: Seismic structure, intraslab earthquakes and processes, and earthquake hazards","docAbstract":"The following report is the principal product of an international workshop titled “Intraslab Earthquakes in the Cascadia Subduction System: Science and Hazards” and was sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Geological Survey of Canada and the University of Victoria. This meeting was held at the University of Victoria’s Dunsmuir Lodge, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada on September 18–21, 2000 and brought 46 participants from the U.S., Canada, Latin America and Japan. This gathering was organized to bring together active research investigators in the science of subduction and intraslab earthquake hazards. Special emphasis was given to “warm-slab” subduction systems, i.e., those systems involving young oceanic lithosphere subducting at moderate to slow rates, such as the Cascadia system in the U.S. and Canada, and the Nankai system in Japan. All the speakers and poster presenters provided abstracts of their presentations that were a made available in an abstract volume at the workshop. Most of the authors subsequently provided full articles or extended abstracts for this volume on the topics that they discussed at the workshop. Where updated versions were not provided, the original workshop abstracts have been included. By organizing this workshop and assembling this volume, our aim is to provide a global perspective on the science of warm-slab subduction, to thereby advance our understanding of internal slab processes and to use this understanding to improve appraisals of the hazards associated with large intraslab earthquakes in the Cascadia system. These events have been the most frequent and damaging earthquakes in western Washington State over the last century. As if to underscore this fact, just six months after this workshop was held, the magnitude 6.8 Nisqually earthquake occurred on February 28th, 2001 at a depth of about 55 km in the Juan de Fuca slab beneath the southern Puget Sound region of western Washington. The Governor’s Office of the State of Washington estimated damage at more than US$2 billion, making it among the costliest earthquakes in U.S. history.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Suvey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02328","isbn":"0607996757","collaboration":"Released as Geological Survey of Canada Open File 4350","usgsCitation":"Kirby, S.H., Wang, K., and Dunlop, S., 2002, The Cascadia Subduction Zone and related subduction systems: Seismic structure, intraslab earthquakes and processes, and earthquake hazards: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-328, viii, 170 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02328.","productDescription":"viii, 170 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4322,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0328/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":401881,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52497.htm"},{"id":176763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02328.jpg"},{"id":283820,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0328/pdf/OF02-328.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia Subduction Zone","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -128.72,39.98 ], [ -128.72,51.10 ], [ -123.13,51.10 ], [ -123.13,39.98 ], [ -128.72,39.98 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad2e4b07f02db681adc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirby, Stephen H. 0000-0003-1636-4688 skirby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1636-4688","contributorId":2752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"Stephen","email":"skirby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Kelin","contributorId":15266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Kelin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunlop, Susan","contributorId":57535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunlop","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":50487,"text":"ofr0293 - 2002 - Volatile organic compound and pesticide data in public water-supply reservoirs and wells, Texas, 1999-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-22T17:18:31","indexId":"ofr0293","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-93","title":"Volatile organic compound and pesticide data in public water-supply reservoirs and wells, Texas, 1999-2001","docAbstract":"To provide data for the Texas Source-Water Assessment and Protection Program, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a synoptic survey of 48 public water-supply reservoirs and 174 public water-supply wells during 1999–2001. The surface-water samples were analyzed for volatile organic compounds and soluble pesticides. The ground-water samples were analyzed for volatile organic compounds and soluble pesticides, as well as nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen and tritium.
One or more volatile organic compounds were detected in 75 percent of the reservoirs and in 9 percent of the wells. Methyl tert-butyl ether was detected most frequently in reservoirs, and toluene was detected most frequently in wells. One or more pesticides were detected in 96 percent of the reservoirs and in 33 percent of the wells. Atrazine or its breakdown product deethylatrazine was the most frequently detected pesticide.
Volatile organic compounds and pesticides were not detected at concentrations exceeding the maximum contaminant level allowed in drinking water. The only constituent sampled for that exceeded its maximum contaminant level (10 milligrams per liter) was nitrate nitrogen (in 8 percent of the 174 wells).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0293","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission ","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., Gary, M., Canova, M., Strom, E.W., Fahlquist, L., and Dorsey, M.E., 2002, Volatile organic compound and pesticide data in public water-supply reservoirs and wells, Texas, 1999-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-93, HTML Document; Report: iii, 105 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0293.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Report: iii, 105 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4296,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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E.","contributorId":101739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorsey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":50446,"text":"ofr01385 - 2002 - Characterization of fractures and flow zones in a contaminated shale at the Watervliet Arsenal, Albany County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-15T15:26:04","indexId":"ofr01385","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-385","title":"Characterization of fractures and flow zones in a contaminated shale at the Watervliet Arsenal, Albany County, New York","docAbstract":"Flow zones in a fractured shale in and near a plume of volatile organic compounds at the Watervliet Arsenal in Albany County, N. Y. were characterized through the integrated analysis of geophysical logs and single- and cross-hole flow tests. Information on the fracture-flow network at the site was needed to design an effective groundwater monitoring system, estimate offsite contaminant migration, and evaluate potential containment and remedial actions.
Four newly drilled coreholes and four older monitoring wells were logged and tested to define the distribution and orientation of fractures that intersected a combined total of 500 feet of open hole. Analysis of borehole-wall image logs obtained with acoustic and optical televiewers indicated 79 subhorizontal to steeply dipping fractures with a wide range of dip directions. Analysis of fluid resistivity, temperature, and heat-pulse and electromagnetic flowmeter logs obtained under ambient and short-term stressed conditions identified 14 flow zones, which consist of one to several fractures and whose estimated transmissivity values range from 0.1 to more than 250 feet squared per day.
Cross-hole flow tests, which were used to characterize the hydraulic connection between fracture-flow zones intersected by the boreholes, entailed (1) injection into or extraction from boreholes that penetrated a single fracture-flow zone or whose zones were isolated by an inflatable packer, and (2) measurement of the transient response of water levels and flow in surrounding boreholes. Results indicate a wellconnected fracture network with an estimated transmissivity of 80 to 250 feet squared per day that extends for at least 200 feet across the site. This interconnected fracture-flow network greatly affects the hydrology of the site and has important implications for contaminant monitoring and remedial actions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01385","usgsCitation":"Williams, J., and Paillet, F.L., 2002, Characterization of fractures and flow zones in a contaminated shale at the Watervliet Arsenal, Albany County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-385, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01385.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4248,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0385/ofr20010385.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.06 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2001-0385"},{"id":176279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0385/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Albany County","otherGeospatial":"Watervliet Arsenal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.70386362075806,\n 42.715867313641276\n ],\n [\n -73.69997978210449,\n 42.715867313641276\n ],\n [\n -73.69997978210449,\n 42.72291410357414\n ],\n [\n -73.70386362075806,\n 42.72291410357414\n ],\n [\n -73.70386362075806,\n 42.715867313641276\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180-8349
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
The Rocky Mountain region of Colorado and southern Wyoming receives as much as 7 kilograms per hectare per year ((kg/ha)/yr) of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, an amount that may have caused changes in aquatic and terrestrial life in otherwise pristine ecosystems. The Rocky Mountain National Park, in its role of protecting air-quality related values under provisions of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977, has provided support for this synthesis and critical assessment of published literature on the effects of atmospheric N deposition. Results from published studies indicate a long-term increase in the rate of atmospheric N deposition during the 20th century, but no region-wide increase during the past 2 decades, although the rate of atmospheric N deposition has increased at three sites east of the Continental Divide in the Front Range region since the mid-1980s. Much of the increase in atmospheric N deposition at all three sites has resulted from an increase in the ammonium concentrations of wet deposition; this suggests an increase in contributions from agricultural areas or from vehicle traffic east of the Rocky Mountains. Lakes at two study sites in the Front Range (Loch Vale and Green Lakes Valley) had NO3- concentrations of 30 to 40 micromoles per liter (µmol/L) during early spring snowmelt and remained at 5 to 10 µmol/L during summer. Retention of N in atmospheric wet deposition in some sub-catchments of these lakes was less than 50 percent, which reflects an advanced stage of N saturation. Nitrate concentrations in surface waters west of the Continental Divide were lower—often less than 10 µmol/L during snowmelt and less than 2 µmol/L during summer -- than surface waters east of the Divide, except in areas such as the Mt. Zirkel Wilderness that receive elevated amounts of atmospheric N deposition of 4 to 5 (kg/ha)/yr. Atmospheric N deposition in the Front Range east of the Divide may have altered the composition of alpine tundra-plant communities and lake diatoms, but additional studies would be needed to definitively demonstrate the hypothesized cause-and-effect relations. Rates of N-mineralization and nitrification in soils of the Front Range have increased in response to increased atmospheric N deposition. Projected future population growth and energy use in Colorado and the west increase the likelihood that the subtle effects of atmospheric N deposition now evident in the Front Range will become more pronounced and widespread in the future. The likelihood of future increased N emissions along the Front Range warrants a continuation of existing long-term precipitation and surface-water chemistry monitoring programs, and an expansion of the networks into areas that receive large amounts of atmospheric N deposition, but currently lack adequate monitoring. Long-term study and expanded sampling are needed to address uncertainties about the effects of atmospheric N deposition on terrestrial plant communities, nutrient limitation in lake plankton, shifts of dominant species within diatom communities, and on amphibian response to episodic surface-water acidification.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024066","usgsCitation":"Burns, D.A., 2002, The effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and southern Wyoming— A synthesis and critical assessment of published results: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4066, vi, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024066.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324388,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4066/wri20024066.pdf","text":"Report","size":"789 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2002-4066"},{"id":390702,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54261.htm"},{"id":173110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4066/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108,\n 37.4167\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 37.4167\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 41.3333\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 41.3333\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 37.4167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
The geologic structure of the Mimbres ground-water basin in southwest New Mexico is characterized by north- and northwest-trending structural subbasins. Sedimentation of Miocene and Pliocene age has filled and obscured the boundaries of these subbasins and formed potentially productive aquifers of varied thickness. The location and depth of the subbasins can be estimated from analysis of isostatic residual gravity anomalies. Density contrasts of various basement lithologies generate complex regional gravity trends, which are convolved with the gravity signal from the Miocene and Pliocene alluvial fill. An iterative scheme was used to separate these regional gravity trends from the alluvial-fill gravity signal, which was inverted with estimated depth-density relations to compute the thickness of the alluvial fill at 1-kilometer spacing. The thickness estimates were constrained by exploratory drill-hole information, interpreted seismic-refraction profiles, and location of bedrock lithology from surficial geologic mapping. The resulting map of alluvial-fill thickness suggests large areas of thin alluvium that separate deep structural subbasins.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024007","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Mexico Office of the State Engineer","usgsCitation":"Heywood, C.E., 2002, Estimation of alluvial-fill thickness in the Mimbres ground-water basin, New Mexico, from interpretation of isostatic residual gravity anomalies: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4007, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024007.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359966,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4007/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":3655,"rank":99,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4007/wrir024007.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 2002–4007"}],"contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113