The Island of Hawai‘i is composed of five coalesced basaltic volcanoes. Lava flows constitute the greatest volcanic hazard from these volcanoes. This report is concerned with lava flow hazards on Mauna Loa, the largest of the island shield volcanoes. Hilo lies 58 km from the summit of Mauna Loa, the Kona coast 33 km, and the southernmost point of the island 61 km.
Hawaiian volcanoes erupt two morphologically distinct types of lava, aa and pahoehoe. The surfaces of pahoehoe flows are rather smooth and undulating. Pahoehoe flows are commonly fed by lava tubes, which are well insulated, lava-filled conduits contained within the flows. The surfaces of aa flows are extremely rough and composed of lava fragments. Aa flows usually form lava channels rather than lava tubes.
In Hawai‘i, lava flows are known to reach distances of 50 km or more. The flows usually advance slowly enough that people can escape from their paths. Anything overwhelmed by a flow will be damaged or destroyed by burial, crushing, or ignition. Mauna Loa makes up 51 percent of the surface area of the Island of Hawai‘i. Geologic mapping shows that lava flows have covered more than 40 percent of the surface every 1,000 years. Since written descriptions of its activity began in A.D. 1832, Mauna Loa has erupted 33 times. Some eruptions begin with only brief seismic unrest, whereas others start several months to a year following increased seismic activity. Once underway, the eruptions can produce lava flows that reach the sea in less than 24 hours, severing roads and utilities. For example, the 1950 flows from the southwest rift zone reached the ocean in approximately three hours. The two longest flows of Mauna Loa are pahoehoe flows from the 50-kilometer-long 1859 and the 48-kilometer-long 1880-81 eruptions.
Mauna Loa will undoubtedly erupt again. When it does, the first critical question that must be answered is: Which areas are threatened with inundation? Once the threatened areas are established, we can address the second critical question: What people, property, and facilities are at risk? These questions can be answered by estimating the areas most likely to be affected by eruptions originating on various parts of the volcano. This report contains such estimates, based on the known source vents and areas affected by past eruptions. We have divided the volcano into potential lava inundation zones and prepared maps of these zones, which are presented here on the accompanying map sheets.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf2401","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the County of Hawaii and Federal Emergency Management Administration","usgsCitation":"Trusdell, F., Graves, P., and Tincher, C.R., 2002, Map showing lava inundation zones for Mauna Loa, Hawai'i: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2401, Report: 14 p.; 10 Sheets: 22.00 x 34.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2401.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 10 Sheets: 22.00 x 34.00 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110391,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54493.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"54493"},{"id":9544,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2002/2401/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"70000","country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Mauna Loa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156,\n 18.9083\n ],\n [\n -154.9,\n 18.9083\n ],\n [\n -154.9,\n 20\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 20\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 18.9083\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64afea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trusdell, F. A.","contributorId":57471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graves, P.","contributorId":27561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tincher, C. R.","contributorId":93988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tincher","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":47511,"text":"ofr02377 - 2002 - Water-level changes 1977-87, 1987-95, and 1995-2000 in the Chicot and Evangeline Aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T18:33:41","indexId":"ofr02377","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-377","title":"Water-level changes 1977-87, 1987-95, and 1995-2000 in the Chicot and Evangeline Aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas","docAbstract":"This report depicts long-term water-level changes in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers in the Houston-Galveston region. The Houston-Galveston region comprises Harris, Galveston, Fort Bend, Waller, and Montgomery Counties and adjacent parts of Brazoria, Grimes, Walker, San Jacinto, Liberty, and Chambers Counties. The report was prepared in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Coastal Subsidence District and the Fort Bend Subsidence District. For the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, maps show approximate water-level changes for the periods 1977 to 1987 (figs. 1 and 4), 1987 to 1995 (figs. 2 and 5), and 1995 to 2000 (figs. 3 and 6).
Nineteen seventy-seven was the first year that water levels in a network of wells were measured and water-levelaltitude maps made for the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers. Nineteen eighty-seven, 1995, and 2000 were years in which land-surface altitudes throughout Harris, Galveston, and Fort Bend Counties were releveled using spirit leveling (1987) and Global Positioning Satellite technology (1995 and 2000); thus the selection of those years for the maps.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has published annual reports of water-level altitudes and water-level changes for the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers in the Houston-Galveston region since 1979 and separate similar annual reports for the Fort Bend subregion since 1990. Beginning with 2002, the separate annual reports were combined into one report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02377","collaboration":"In cooperation with Harris-Galveston Coastal Subsidence District and the Fort-Bend Subsidence District","usgsCitation":"Kasmarek, M.C., and Lanning-Rush, J., 2002, Water-level changes 1977-87, 1987-95, and 1995-2000 in the Chicot and Evangeline Aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-377, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02377.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":168637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02377.JPG"},{"id":3960,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr020377/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Brazoria County, Chambers County, Fort Bend County, Galveston County, Grimes County, Harris County, Liberty County, Montgomery County, San Jacinto County, Walker County, Waller County ","otherGeospatial":"Houston-Galveston region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.23773193359375,\n 28.98171470422955\n ],\n [\n -95.59478759765624,\n 29\n ],\n [\n -95.8721923828125,\n 29\n ],\n [\n -96.05621337890625,\n 29.604506272365295\n ],\n [\n -96.21551513671875,\n 30.171250084367482\n ],\n [\n -96.009521484375,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -95.3778076171875,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -94.82299804687499,\n 30.420256142845158\n ],\n [\n -94.5,\n 29.439597566602902\n ],\n [\n -95.23773193359375,\n 28.98171470422955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e77ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kasmarek, Mark C. 0000-0003-2808-2506 mckasmar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2808-2506","contributorId":1968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasmarek","given":"Mark","email":"mckasmar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":235594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanning-Rush, Jennifer","contributorId":38981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanning-Rush","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":69583,"text":"i2738 - 2002 - Geologic and aeromagnetic maps of the Fossil Ridge area and vicinity, Gunnison County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:32","indexId":"i2738","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2738","title":"Geologic and aeromagnetic maps of the Fossil Ridge area and vicinity, Gunnison County, Colorado","docAbstract":"This data set includes a GIS geologic map database \r\nof an Early Proterozoic metavolcanic and metasedimentary terrane \r\nextensively intruded by Early and Middle Proterozoic granitic \r\nplutons. Laramide to Tertiary deformation and intrusion of \r\n\r\nfelsic plutons have created numerous small mineral deposits that \r\nare described in the tables and are shown on the figures in the \r\naccompanying text pamphlet. Also included in the pamphlet are \r\nnumerous chemical analyses of igneous and meta-igneous bodies of \r\nall ages in tables and in summary geochemical diagrams. The text \r\npamphlet also contains a detailed description of map units and \r\ndiscussions of the aeromagnetic survey, igneous and metmorphic \r\nrocks, and mineral deposits. The printed map sheet and browse \r\ngraphic pdf file include the aeromagnetic map of the study area, \r\nas well as figures and photographs.\r\n Purpose:\r\n This GIS geologic map database is provided to facilitate \r\nthe presentation and analysis of earth-science data for this \r\nregion of Colorado. This digital map database may be displayed \r\nat any scale or projection. However, the geologic data in this \r\ncoverage are not intended for use at a scale other than 1:30,000. \r\nSupplemental useful data accompanying the database are extensive \r\ngeochemical and mineral deposits data, as well as an aeromagnetic \r\nmap.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2738","isbn":"0607959509","usgsCitation":"DeWitt, E., Zech, R.S., Chase, C., Zartman, R., Kucks, R., Bartelson, B., Rosenlund, G., and Earley, D., 2002, Geologic and aeromagnetic maps of the Fossil Ridge area and vicinity, Gunnison County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2738, 1 map : col. ; 77 x 85 cm., on sheet 101 x 137 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. + 1 pamphlet (42 p. ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/i2738.","productDescription":"1 map : col. ; 77 x 85 cm., on sheet 101 x 137 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. + 1 pamphlet (42 p. ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110396,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54509.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"54509"},{"id":193139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6212,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2738/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"30000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.75,38.416666666666664 ], [ -106.75,38.784166666666664 ], [ -106.45083333333334,38.784166666666664 ], [ -106.45083333333334,38.416666666666664 ], [ -106.75,38.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a829a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeWitt, Ed","contributorId":65081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Ed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zech, R. S.","contributorId":51289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zech","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chase, C.G.","contributorId":102965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zartman, R. E.","contributorId":15632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kucks, R.P.","contributorId":53758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kucks","given":"R.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bartelson, Bruce","contributorId":31845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartelson","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rosenlund, G.C.","contributorId":26014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenlund","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Earley, Drummond III","contributorId":49880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earley","given":"Drummond","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":50540,"text":"ofr2002402 - 2002 - Data on surface-water, streambed-interstitial water, and bed-sediment quality for selected locations in the small arms impact area of central Fort Gordon, Georgia, September 4-6, 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T19:46:48.256192","indexId":"ofr2002402","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-402","title":"Data on surface-water, streambed-interstitial water, and bed-sediment quality for selected locations in the small arms impact area of central Fort Gordon, Georgia, September 4-6, 2001","docAbstract":"In September 2001, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U.S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon (U.S. Department of the Army), conducted a chemical assessment of surface water, streambed-interstitial water, and bed sediments within the small arms impact area of Fort Gordon Military Installation. The study was conducted in support of the development of an Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan (INRMP) for Fort Gordon, Georgia. An effective INRMP ensures that natural resources conservation measures and U.S. Army activities on the military base are integrated and consistent with Federal requirements to manage military installations on an ecosystem basis. \r\n\r\nFiltered water samples were collected from five sites along South Prong Creek and three sites along Marcum Branch Creek for chemical analyses of major ions, nutrients, and selected trace elements. On-site measurements of pH, temperature, specific conductance, and dissolved oxygen were made at the eight sites. Filtered water collected showed varying concentrations in both surface- and streambed-interstitial water. Bed-sediment samples collected from South Prong Creek contain elevated levels of arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, selenium, vanadium, and total organic carbon relative to previous concentrations (McConnell and others, 2000). Bed-sediment samples collected from Marcum Branch Creek contain elevated levels of beryllium, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, selenium, and total organic carbon relative to previous concentrations (McConnell and others, 2000).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr2002402","usgsCitation":"Priest, S., Stamey, T.C., and Lawrence, S.J., 2002, Data on surface-water, streambed-interstitial water, and bed-sediment quality for selected locations in the small arms impact area of central Fort Gordon, Georgia, September 4-6, 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-402, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2002402.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","temporalStart":"2001-09-04","temporalEnd":"2001-09-06","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":175729,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4352,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr02-402/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":414568,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_53954.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Fort Gordon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.2319,\n 33.4161\n ],\n [\n -82.2319,\n 33.3606\n ],\n [\n -82.1472,\n 33.3606\n ],\n [\n -82.1472,\n 33.4161\n ],\n [\n -82.2319,\n 33.4161\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c7e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Priest, Sheryln","contributorId":70468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priest","given":"Sheryln","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stamey, Timothy C. tcstamey@usgs.gov","contributorId":4770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamey","given":"Timothy","email":"tcstamey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":241743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawrence, Stephen J. slawrenc@usgs.gov","contributorId":1885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Stephen","email":"slawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":39964,"text":"wri024007 - 2002 - Estimation of alluvial-fill thickness in the Mimbres ground-water basin, New Mexico, from interpretation of isostatic residual gravity anomalies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-08T09:34:08","indexId":"wri024007","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4007","displayTitle":"Estimation of Alluvial-Fill Thickness in the Mimbres Ground-Water Basin, New Mexico, from Interpretation of Isostatic Residual Gravity Anomalies","title":"Estimation of alluvial-fill thickness in the Mimbres ground-water basin, New Mexico, from interpretation of isostatic residual gravity anomalies","docAbstract":"The geologic structure of the Mimbres ground-water basin in southwest New Mexico is characterized by north- and northwest-trending structural subbasins. Sedimentation of Miocene and Pliocene age has filled and obscured the boundaries of these subbasins and formed potentially productive aquifers of varied thickness. The location and depth of the subbasins can be estimated from analysis of isostatic residual gravity anomalies. Density contrasts of various basement lithologies generate complex regional gravity trends, which are convolved with the gravity signal from the Miocene and Pliocene alluvial fill. An iterative scheme was used to separate these regional gravity trends from the alluvial-fill gravity signal, which was inverted with estimated depth-density relations to compute the thickness of the alluvial fill at 1-kilometer spacing. The thickness estimates were constrained by exploratory drill-hole information, interpreted seismic-refraction profiles, and location of bedrock lithology from surficial geologic mapping. The resulting map of alluvial-fill thickness suggests large areas of thin alluvium that separate deep structural subbasins.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024007","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Mexico Office of the State Engineer","usgsCitation":"Heywood, C.E., 2002, Estimation of alluvial-fill thickness in the Mimbres ground-water basin, New Mexico, from interpretation of isostatic residual gravity anomalies: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4007, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024007.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359966,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4007/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":3655,"rank":99,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4007/wrir024007.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 2002–4007"}],"contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113
In an effort to restore riverine wetlands along the Missouri River, the Missouri Department of Conservation constructed the 2,700-acre Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area. The primary water source for managing 1,200 wetland acres on the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area is treated effluent received from a 91-acre constructed wastewater-treatment wetland operated by the city of Columbia, Missouri. The combined areas of the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area and the wastewater-treatment wetland are termed the Columbia/Eagle Bluffs Wetland Complex. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Conservation and the city of Columbia, Missouri, collected samples quarterly from August 1992 to March 1999 from a monitoring network that included 33 ground-water sites and 4 surface-water sites to establish a baseline pre-effluent data set and to provide post-effluent data for trend analysis.
Changes in major chemical constituent concentrations have been observed at several sampling locations between pre- and post-effluent data. Analysis of post-effluent time-series water-quality data indicates changes occurred in sodium, potassium, calcium, sulfate, and chloride concentrations at 13 sites. These changes can be correlated to the beginning of the operation of the wastewater-treatment wetland. The concentrations of these major chemical constituents plot on the mixing continuum between pre-effluent ground water as one end member and the treated effluent as the other end member. At ground water sites that had changes in concentrations, the relative percentage of treated effluent in the ground water, assuming chloride is conservative, ranged from 11 to more than 100 percent.
At ground-water sites, few changes were noted in fecal indicator bacteria, nutrients, trace constituents, total and dissolved organic carbon, and organic constituents. Other than changes in boron concentrations at one ground-water site, these changes could not be directly correlated to the operation of the treatment wetland or the management of the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area. After the treatment wetland began operation, improvement in the water quality in Perche Creek was observed. With respect to fecal indicator bacteria and nutrient concentrations, the water quality of water discharging from the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area was improved relative to the water entering the area.
Persistent ground-water highs have been observed beneath the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area and wastewater-treatment unit 1 following the flooding of the wetland areas. These ground-water highs occur during the fall and winter months when ground- and surface-water levels are high and during the spring and summer months when the water levels are lower. The Missouri River stage had a strong effect on the water levels in the aquifer during pre-effluent conditions, but the effect has been lessened by the ground-water high.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024227","usgsCitation":"Richards, J.M., 2002, Water-quality and ground-water hydrology of the Columbia/Eagle Bluffs Wetland Complex, Columbia, Missouri— 1992-99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4227, v, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024227.","productDescription":"v, 63 p.","numberOfPages":"68","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4227/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":360389,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4227/wrir20024227.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 2002–4227"},{"id":392066,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54265.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Columbia/Eagle Bluffs wetland complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.4667,\n 38.8194\n ],\n [\n -92.3844,\n 38.8194\n ],\n [\n -92.3844,\n 38.9056\n ],\n [\n -92.4667,\n 38.9056\n ],\n [\n -92.4667,\n 38.8194\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401
The N aquifer is the major source of water in the 5,400-square-mile area of Black Mesa in northeastern Arizona. Availability of water is an important issue in this area because of continued industrial and municipal use, a growing population, and precipitation of about 6 to 14 inches per year.
\nThe monitoring program in the Black Mesa area has been operating since 1971 and is designed to determine the long-term effects of ground-water withdrawals from the N aquifer for industrial and municipal uses. The monitoring program includes measurements of (1) ground-water pumping, (2) ground-water levels, (3) spring discharge, (4) surface-water discharge, and (5) ground-water chemistry.
\nIn 2001, total ground-water withdrawals were 7,680 acre-feet, industrial use was 4,530 acre-feet, and municipal use was 3,150 acre-feet. From 2000 to 2001, total withdrawals decreased by 1 percent, industrial use increased by 1 percent, and municipal use decreased by 3 percent.
\nFrom 2001 to 2002, water levels declined in 5 of 14 wells in the unconfined part of the aquifer, and the median change was +0.2 foot. Water levels declined in 12 of 17 wells in the confined part of the aquifer, and the median change was -1.4 feet.
\nFrom the prestress period (prior to 1965) to 2002, the median water-level change for 32 wells was -15.8 feet. Median water-level changes were -1.3 feet for 15 wells in the unconfined part of the aquifer and -31.7 feet for 17 wells in the confined part.
\nDischarges were measured once in 2001 and once in 2002 at four springs. Discharges decreased by 26 percent and 66 percent at two springs, increased by 100 percent at one spring, and did not change at one spring. For the past 10 years, discharges from the four springs have fluctuated; however, an increasing or decreasing trend is not apparent.
\nContinuous records of surface-water discharge have been collected from 1976 to 2001 at Moenkopi Wash, 1996 to 2001 at Laguna Creek, 1993 to 2001 at Dinnebito Wash, and 1994 to 2001 at Polacca Wash. Median flows for November, December, January, and February of each water year were used as an index of ground-water discharge to those streams. Since 1995, the median winter flows have decreased for Moenkopi Wash, Dinnebito Wash, and Polacca Wash. Since 1997, there is no consistent trend in the median winter flow for Laguna Creek.
\nIn 2002, water samples were collected from 12 wells and 4 springs and analyzed for selected chemical constituents. Dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 96 to 636 milligrams per liter. Water samples from 8 of the wells and from 3 of the springs had less than 300 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids. There are no appreciable time trends in the chemistry of water samples from 9 wells and 4 springs; the 9 wells had more than 7 years of data, and the 4 springs had more than 9 years of data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/ofr02485","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources and Bureau of Indian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Thomas, B.E., 2002, Ground-water, surface-water and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona: 2001-02: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-485, iv, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02485.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"50","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287827,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287826,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0485/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":410071,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54475.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Black Mesa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.4,\n 36.875\n ],\n [\n -111.4,\n 35.5958\n ],\n [\n -109.5917,\n 35.5958\n ],\n [\n -109.5917,\n 36.875\n ],\n [\n -111.4,\n 36.875\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db6485e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Blakemore E.","contributorId":93871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Blakemore","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":69671,"text":"mf2403 - 2002 - Geologic map and map database of northeastern San Francisco Bay region, California: Most of Solano County and parts of Napa, Marin, Contra Costa, San Joaquin, Sacramento, Yolo, and Sonoma Counties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-21T15:52:23.07907","indexId":"mf2403","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2403","title":"Geologic map and map database of northeastern San Francisco Bay region, California: Most of Solano County and parts of Napa, Marin, Contra Costa, San Joaquin, Sacramento, Yolo, and Sonoma Counties","docAbstract":"This digital map database, compiled from previously published and unpublished data, and new mapping by the authors, represents the general distribution of bedrock and surficial deposits in the mapped area. Together with the accompanying text file (nesfmf.ps, nesfmf.pdf, nesfmf.txt), it provides current information on the geologic structure and stratigraphy of the area covered. The database delineates map units that are identified by general age and lithology following the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey. The scale of the source maps limits the spatial resolution (scale) of the database to 1:62,500 or smaller.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2403","usgsCitation":"Graymer, R.W., Jones, D.L., and Brabb, E.E., 2002, Geologic map and map database of northeastern San Francisco Bay region, California: Most of Solano County and parts of Napa, Marin, Contra Costa, San Joaquin, Sacramento, Yolo, and Sonoma Counties (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2403, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2403.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":188078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6340,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2002/2403/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110377,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54147.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"54147"}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Contra Costa County, Napa County, Marin County, Sacramento County, San Joaquin County, Solano County, Sonoma County, Yolo County","otherGeospatial":"northeastern San Francisco Bay region","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.5,38 ], [ -122.5,38.75 ], [ -121.5,38.75 ], [ -121.5,38 ], [ -122.5,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4974","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graymer, Russell Walter","contributorId":95759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graymer","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"Walter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, David Lawrence","contributorId":11580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Lawrence","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brabb, Earl E.","contributorId":48939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":69669,"text":"mf2390 - 2002 - Geologic map of the Dillon quadrangle, Summit and Grand Counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:22","indexId":"mf2390","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2390","title":"Geologic map of the Dillon quadrangle, Summit and Grand Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"New 1:24,000-scale geologic mapping along the Interstate-70 urban corridor in western Colorado, in support of the USGS Central Region State/USGS Cooperative Geologic Mapping Project, is contributing to a more complete understanding of the stratigraphy, structure, tectonic evolution, and hazard potential of this rapidly developing region. The 1:24,000-scale Dillon quadrangle is near the headwaters of the Blue River and straddles features of the Blue River graben (Kellogg, 1999), part of the northernmost reaches of the Rio Grande rift, a major late Oligocene to recent zone of extension that extends from Colorado to Mexico. The Williams Range thrust fault, the western structural margin of the Colorado Front Range, cuts through the center of the quadrangle, although is mostly covered by surficial deposits.\r\n\r\n The oldest rocks in the quadrangle underlie the Williams Fork Mountains and the ridge immediately east of South Fork Middle Fork River, and include biotite-sillimanite schist and gneiss, amphibolite, and migmatite that are intruded by granite inferred to be part of the 1,667-1,750 Ma Routt Plutonic Suite (Tweto, 1987). The oldest exposed sedimentary unit is the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, but Pennsylvanian Maroon Formation, a sequence of red sandstone, conglomerate, and interbedded shale, underlies the southern part of the quadrangle. The thickest sequence of sedimentary rocks is Cretaceous in age and includes at least 500 m of the Upper Cretaceous Pierre Shale. Surficial deposits include (1) an old, deeply dissected landslide deposit, possibly as old as Pliocene, on the west flank of the Williams Fork Mountains, (2) deeply weathered, very coarse gravel deposits underlying a mesa in the southwest part of the quadrangle (the Mesa Cortina subdivision. The gravels are gold bearing and were mined by hydraulic methods in the 1800s), (3) moderately to deeply weathered, widespread, bouldery material that is a combination of till of the Bull Lake glaciation, debris-flow deposits, landslide deposits, and possibly pre-Bull Lake till, (4) glacial deposits of both Bull Lake (middle Pleistocene) and Pinedale (late Pleistocene)glaciations, (5) recent landslide deposits, and (6)extensive colluvial and alluvial deposits.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf2390","usgsCitation":"Kellogg, K., 2002, Geologic map of the Dillon quadrangle, Summit and Grand Counties, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2390, 1 map : col. ; 58 x 45 cm., on sheet 84 x 82 cm. + 1 pamphlet (11 p. ; 28 cm.) , https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2390.","productDescription":"1 map : col. ; 58 x 45 cm., on sheet 84 x 82 cm. + 1 pamphlet (11 p. ; 28 cm.) ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110373,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_53981.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"53981"},{"id":187995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6338,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2002/mf-2390/ ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.11749999999999,39.6175 ], [ -106.11749999999999,39.75 ], [ -106,39.75 ], [ -106,39.6175 ], [ -106.11749999999999,39.6175 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6980f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kellogg, Karl S.","contributorId":89896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Karl S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50560,"text":"ofr02433 - 2002 - Bedrock geology in the vicinity of the Leicester Well site, Paxton, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:15","indexId":"ofr02433","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-433","title":"Bedrock geology in the vicinity of the Leicester Well site, Paxton, Massachusetts","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02433","usgsCitation":"Walsh, G.J., 2002, Bedrock geology in the vicinity of the Leicester Well site, Paxton, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-433, p. 19, illus. incl. sect., geol. sketch maps, 19 refs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02433.","productDescription":"p. 19, illus. incl. sect., geol. sketch maps, 19 refs","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4369,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-433/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db634323","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50511,"text":"ofr02328 - 2002 - The Cascadia Subduction Zone and related subduction systems: Seismic structure, intraslab earthquakes and processes, and earthquake hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-07T19:28:54.036536","indexId":"ofr02328","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-328","title":"The Cascadia Subduction Zone and related subduction systems: Seismic structure, intraslab earthquakes and processes, and earthquake hazards","docAbstract":"The following report is the principal product of an international workshop titled “Intraslab Earthquakes in the Cascadia Subduction System: Science and Hazards” and was sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Geological Survey of Canada and the University of Victoria. This meeting was held at the University of Victoria’s Dunsmuir Lodge, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada on September 18–21, 2000 and brought 46 participants from the U.S., Canada, Latin America and Japan. This gathering was organized to bring together active research investigators in the science of subduction and intraslab earthquake hazards. Special emphasis was given to “warm-slab” subduction systems, i.e., those systems involving young oceanic lithosphere subducting at moderate to slow rates, such as the Cascadia system in the U.S. and Canada, and the Nankai system in Japan. All the speakers and poster presenters provided abstracts of their presentations that were a made available in an abstract volume at the workshop. Most of the authors subsequently provided full articles or extended abstracts for this volume on the topics that they discussed at the workshop. Where updated versions were not provided, the original workshop abstracts have been included. By organizing this workshop and assembling this volume, our aim is to provide a global perspective on the science of warm-slab subduction, to thereby advance our understanding of internal slab processes and to use this understanding to improve appraisals of the hazards associated with large intraslab earthquakes in the Cascadia system. These events have been the most frequent and damaging earthquakes in western Washington State over the last century. As if to underscore this fact, just six months after this workshop was held, the magnitude 6.8 Nisqually earthquake occurred on February 28th, 2001 at a depth of about 55 km in the Juan de Fuca slab beneath the southern Puget Sound region of western Washington. The Governor’s Office of the State of Washington estimated damage at more than US$2 billion, making it among the costliest earthquakes in U.S. history.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Suvey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02328","isbn":"0607996757","collaboration":"Released as Geological Survey of Canada Open File 4350","usgsCitation":"Kirby, S.H., Wang, K., and Dunlop, S., 2002, The Cascadia Subduction Zone and related subduction systems: Seismic structure, intraslab earthquakes and processes, and earthquake hazards: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-328, viii, 170 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02328.","productDescription":"viii, 170 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4322,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0328/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":401881,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52497.htm"},{"id":176763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02328.jpg"},{"id":283820,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0328/pdf/OF02-328.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia Subduction Zone","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -128.72,39.98 ], [ -128.72,51.10 ], [ -123.13,51.10 ], [ -123.13,39.98 ], [ -128.72,39.98 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad2e4b07f02db681adc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirby, Stephen H. 0000-0003-1636-4688 skirby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1636-4688","contributorId":2752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"Stephen","email":"skirby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Kelin","contributorId":15266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Kelin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunlop, Susan","contributorId":57535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunlop","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":50487,"text":"ofr0293 - 2002 - Volatile organic compound and pesticide data in public water-supply reservoirs and wells, Texas, 1999-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-22T17:18:31","indexId":"ofr0293","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-93","title":"Volatile organic compound and pesticide data in public water-supply reservoirs and wells, Texas, 1999-2001","docAbstract":"To provide data for the Texas Source-Water Assessment and Protection Program, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a synoptic survey of 48 public water-supply reservoirs and 174 public water-supply wells during 1999–2001. The surface-water samples were analyzed for volatile organic compounds and soluble pesticides. The ground-water samples were analyzed for volatile organic compounds and soluble pesticides, as well as nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen and tritium.
One or more volatile organic compounds were detected in 75 percent of the reservoirs and in 9 percent of the wells. Methyl tert-butyl ether was detected most frequently in reservoirs, and toluene was detected most frequently in wells. One or more pesticides were detected in 96 percent of the reservoirs and in 33 percent of the wells. Atrazine or its breakdown product deethylatrazine was the most frequently detected pesticide.
Volatile organic compounds and pesticides were not detected at concentrations exceeding the maximum contaminant level allowed in drinking water. The only constituent sampled for that exceeded its maximum contaminant level (10 milligrams per liter) was nitrate nitrogen (in 8 percent of the 174 wells).
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M.G.","contributorId":91926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Canova","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Strom, Eric W. ewstrom@usgs.gov","contributorId":337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strom","given":"Eric","email":"ewstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fahlquist, Lynne","contributorId":8810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fahlquist","given":"Lynne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dorsey, Michael E.","contributorId":101739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorsey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":50446,"text":"ofr01385 - 2002 - Characterization of fractures and flow zones in a contaminated shale at the Watervliet Arsenal, Albany County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-15T15:26:04","indexId":"ofr01385","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-385","title":"Characterization of fractures and flow zones in a contaminated shale at the Watervliet Arsenal, Albany County, New York","docAbstract":"Flow zones in a fractured shale in and near a plume of volatile organic compounds at the Watervliet Arsenal in Albany County, N. Y. were characterized through the integrated analysis of geophysical logs and single- and cross-hole flow tests. Information on the fracture-flow network at the site was needed to design an effective groundwater monitoring system, estimate offsite contaminant migration, and evaluate potential containment and remedial actions.
Four newly drilled coreholes and four older monitoring wells were logged and tested to define the distribution and orientation of fractures that intersected a combined total of 500 feet of open hole. Analysis of borehole-wall image logs obtained with acoustic and optical televiewers indicated 79 subhorizontal to steeply dipping fractures with a wide range of dip directions. Analysis of fluid resistivity, temperature, and heat-pulse and electromagnetic flowmeter logs obtained under ambient and short-term stressed conditions identified 14 flow zones, which consist of one to several fractures and whose estimated transmissivity values range from 0.1 to more than 250 feet squared per day.
Cross-hole flow tests, which were used to characterize the hydraulic connection between fracture-flow zones intersected by the boreholes, entailed (1) injection into or extraction from boreholes that penetrated a single fracture-flow zone or whose zones were isolated by an inflatable packer, and (2) measurement of the transient response of water levels and flow in surrounding boreholes. Results indicate a wellconnected fracture network with an estimated transmissivity of 80 to 250 feet squared per day that extends for at least 200 feet across the site. This interconnected fracture-flow network greatly affects the hydrology of the site and has important implications for contaminant monitoring and remedial actions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01385","usgsCitation":"Williams, J., and Paillet, F.L., 2002, Characterization of fractures and flow zones in a contaminated shale at the Watervliet Arsenal, Albany County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-385, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01385.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4248,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0385/ofr20010385.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.06 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2001-0385"},{"id":176279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0385/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Albany County","otherGeospatial":"Watervliet Arsenal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.70386362075806,\n 42.715867313641276\n ],\n [\n -73.69997978210449,\n 42.715867313641276\n ],\n [\n -73.69997978210449,\n 42.72291410357414\n ],\n [\n -73.70386362075806,\n 42.72291410357414\n ],\n [\n -73.70386362075806,\n 42.715867313641276\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180-8349
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/