To provide data for the Texas Source-Water Assessment and Protection Program, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a synoptic survey of 48 public water-supply reservoirs and 174 public water-supply wells during 1999–2001. The surface-water samples were analyzed for volatile organic compounds and soluble pesticides. The ground-water samples were analyzed for volatile organic compounds and soluble pesticides, as well as nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen and tritium.
One or more volatile organic compounds were detected in 75 percent of the reservoirs and in 9 percent of the wells. Methyl tert-butyl ether was detected most frequently in reservoirs, and toluene was detected most frequently in wells. One or more pesticides were detected in 96 percent of the reservoirs and in 33 percent of the wells. Atrazine or its breakdown product deethylatrazine was the most frequently detected pesticide.
Volatile organic compounds and pesticides were not detected at concentrations exceeding the maximum contaminant level allowed in drinking water. The only constituent sampled for that exceeded its maximum contaminant level (10 milligrams per liter) was nitrate nitrogen (in 8 percent of the 174 wells).
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd9e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gary, M.O.","contributorId":12917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gary","given":"M.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Canova, M.G.","contributorId":91926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Canova","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Strom, Eric W. ewstrom@usgs.gov","contributorId":337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strom","given":"Eric","email":"ewstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fahlquist, Lynne","contributorId":8810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fahlquist","given":"Lynne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dorsey, Michael E.","contributorId":101739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorsey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":50446,"text":"ofr01385 - 2002 - Characterization of fractures and flow zones in a contaminated shale at the Watervliet Arsenal, Albany County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-15T15:26:04","indexId":"ofr01385","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-385","title":"Characterization of fractures and flow zones in a contaminated shale at the Watervliet Arsenal, Albany County, New York","docAbstract":"Flow zones in a fractured shale in and near a plume of volatile organic compounds at the Watervliet Arsenal in Albany County, N. Y. were characterized through the integrated analysis of geophysical logs and single- and cross-hole flow tests. Information on the fracture-flow network at the site was needed to design an effective groundwater monitoring system, estimate offsite contaminant migration, and evaluate potential containment and remedial actions.
Four newly drilled coreholes and four older monitoring wells were logged and tested to define the distribution and orientation of fractures that intersected a combined total of 500 feet of open hole. Analysis of borehole-wall image logs obtained with acoustic and optical televiewers indicated 79 subhorizontal to steeply dipping fractures with a wide range of dip directions. Analysis of fluid resistivity, temperature, and heat-pulse and electromagnetic flowmeter logs obtained under ambient and short-term stressed conditions identified 14 flow zones, which consist of one to several fractures and whose estimated transmissivity values range from 0.1 to more than 250 feet squared per day.
Cross-hole flow tests, which were used to characterize the hydraulic connection between fracture-flow zones intersected by the boreholes, entailed (1) injection into or extraction from boreholes that penetrated a single fracture-flow zone or whose zones were isolated by an inflatable packer, and (2) measurement of the transient response of water levels and flow in surrounding boreholes. Results indicate a wellconnected fracture network with an estimated transmissivity of 80 to 250 feet squared per day that extends for at least 200 feet across the site. This interconnected fracture-flow network greatly affects the hydrology of the site and has important implications for contaminant monitoring and remedial actions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01385","usgsCitation":"Williams, J., and Paillet, F.L., 2002, Characterization of fractures and flow zones in a contaminated shale at the Watervliet Arsenal, Albany County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-385, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01385.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4248,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0385/ofr20010385.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.06 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2001-0385"},{"id":176279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0385/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Albany County","otherGeospatial":"Watervliet Arsenal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.70386362075806,\n 42.715867313641276\n ],\n [\n -73.69997978210449,\n 42.715867313641276\n ],\n [\n -73.69997978210449,\n 42.72291410357414\n ],\n [\n -73.70386362075806,\n 42.72291410357414\n ],\n [\n -73.70386362075806,\n 42.715867313641276\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180-8349
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
The N aquifer is the major source of water in the 5,400-square-mile area of Black Mesa in northeastern Arizona. Availability of water is an important issue in this area because of continued industrial and municipal use, a growing population, and precipitation of about 6 to 14 inches per year.
\nThe monitoring program in the Black Mesa area has been operating since 1971 and is designed to determine the long-term effects of ground-water withdrawals from the N aquifer for industrial and municipal uses. The monitoring program includes measurements of (1) ground-water pumping, (2) ground-water levels, (3) spring discharge, (4) surface-water discharge, and (5) ground-water chemistry.
\nIn 2001, total ground-water withdrawals were 7,680 acre-feet, industrial use was 4,530 acre-feet, and municipal use was 3,150 acre-feet. From 2000 to 2001, total withdrawals decreased by 1 percent, industrial use increased by 1 percent, and municipal use decreased by 3 percent.
\nFrom 2001 to 2002, water levels declined in 5 of 14 wells in the unconfined part of the aquifer, and the median change was +0.2 foot. Water levels declined in 12 of 17 wells in the confined part of the aquifer, and the median change was -1.4 feet.
\nFrom the prestress period (prior to 1965) to 2002, the median water-level change for 32 wells was -15.8 feet. Median water-level changes were -1.3 feet for 15 wells in the unconfined part of the aquifer and -31.7 feet for 17 wells in the confined part.
\nDischarges were measured once in 2001 and once in 2002 at four springs. Discharges decreased by 26 percent and 66 percent at two springs, increased by 100 percent at one spring, and did not change at one spring. For the past 10 years, discharges from the four springs have fluctuated; however, an increasing or decreasing trend is not apparent.
\nContinuous records of surface-water discharge have been collected from 1976 to 2001 at Moenkopi Wash, 1996 to 2001 at Laguna Creek, 1993 to 2001 at Dinnebito Wash, and 1994 to 2001 at Polacca Wash. Median flows for November, December, January, and February of each water year were used as an index of ground-water discharge to those streams. Since 1995, the median winter flows have decreased for Moenkopi Wash, Dinnebito Wash, and Polacca Wash. Since 1997, there is no consistent trend in the median winter flow for Laguna Creek.
\nIn 2002, water samples were collected from 12 wells and 4 springs and analyzed for selected chemical constituents. Dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 96 to 636 milligrams per liter. Water samples from 8 of the wells and from 3 of the springs had less than 300 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids. There are no appreciable time trends in the chemistry of water samples from 9 wells and 4 springs; the 9 wells had more than 7 years of data, and the 4 springs had more than 9 years of data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/ofr02485","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources and Bureau of Indian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Thomas, B.E., 2002, Ground-water, surface-water and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona: 2001-02: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-485, iv, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02485.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"50","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287827,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287826,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0485/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":410071,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54475.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Black Mesa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.4,\n 36.875\n ],\n [\n -111.4,\n 35.5958\n ],\n [\n -109.5917,\n 35.5958\n ],\n [\n -109.5917,\n 36.875\n ],\n [\n -111.4,\n 36.875\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db6485e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Blakemore E.","contributorId":93871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Blakemore","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":69582,"text":"i2668 - 2002 - Geologic Map of the Izzenhood Spring Quadrangle, Lander County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:32","indexId":"i2668","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2668","title":"Geologic Map of the Izzenhood Spring Quadrangle, Lander County, Nevada","docAbstract":"The Izzenhood Spring quadrangle covers about 145 km2 of the southwestern part of the Sheep Creek Range in northern Lander County, Nevada. The quadrangle is underlain by Lower Paleozoic rocks that are unconformably overlain and intruded by thick sequences of Miocene igneous rocks related to the northern Nevada rift (Stewart and McKee, 1977; Wallace and John, 1998; John and others, 2000). Much of the eastern part of the quadrangle is covered by thin Quaternary surficial deposits.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/i2668","usgsCitation":"John, D.A., and Wrucke, C.T., 2002, Geologic Map of the Izzenhood Spring Quadrangle, Lander County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2668, Sheet 37 by 33 inches (in color), https://doi.org/10.3133/i2668.","productDescription":"Sheet 37 by 33 inches (in color)","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110369,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_53901.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"53901"},{"id":185606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9381,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2668/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.86749999999999,40.75 ], [ -116.86749999999999,40.8675 ], [ -116.75,40.8675 ], [ -116.75,40.75 ], [ -116.86749999999999,40.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683b23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wrucke, Chester T.","contributorId":21145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wrucke","given":"Chester","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44925,"text":"wri024233 - 2002 - Estimated water-level declines in the Santa Fe Group aquifer system in the Albuquerque area, central New Mexico, predevelopment to 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-08T09:35:24","indexId":"wri024233","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4233","displayTitle":"Estimated Water-Level Declines in the Santa Fe Group Aquifer System in the Albuquerque Area, Central New Mexico, Predevelopment to 2002","title":"Estimated water-level declines in the Santa Fe Group aquifer system in the Albuquerque area, central New Mexico, predevelopment to 2002","docAbstract":"In the Albuquerque metropolitan area of central New Mexico, residential water-supply requirements have historically been met almost exclusively by ground-water withdrawal from the Santa Fe Group aquifer system. The rapid population growth of the metropolitan area from about 262,200 residents in 1960 (Karen D. Thompson, U.S. Census Bureau, written commun., 2002) to about 712,700 residents in 2000 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2001) has resulted in a large increase in the number of municipal-supply wells operated in the region and the total quantity of water they withdraw per year. The largest municipal supplier is the City of Albuquerque, which delivered about 35.8 billion gallons of water to approximately 450,000 people during 1997 (files of the City of Albuquerque) and operates more than 90 municipal-supply wells. Other nearby important suppliers include the City of Rio Rancho and the Town of Bernalillo. The large quantity of ground-water withdrawal in the Albuquerque metropolitan area relative to ground-water recharge has resulted in water-level declines in the Santa Fe Group aquifer system across much of the region. Analysis of the magnitude of and patterns in water-level declines can improve understanding of how the ground-water system responds to withdrawals and how the system might be managed in the future to minimize water-level declines and operating costs of water suppliers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024233","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Albuquerque ","usgsCitation":"Bexfield, L.M., and Anderholm, S.K., 2002, Estimated water-level declines in the Santa Fe Group aquifer system in the Albuquerque area, central New Mexico, predevelopment to 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4233, 1 sheet: 34.0 x 24.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024233.","productDescription":"1 sheet: 34.0 x 24.0 inches","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3802,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4233/wrir024233.pdf","text":"Sheet","size":"433 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 2002–4233"},{"id":134743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4233/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113
Relations between water-quality and flow characteristics and the relative importance of constant (point sources and ground-water discharge) and intermittent (nonpoint storm runoff) sources were determined for eight water-quality stations located on the Flat Brook and the Delaware, Musconetcong, Whippany, and Saddle Rivers. Water-quality and streamflow data were categorized on the basis of streamflow at the time of sample collection. Differences in concentrations and yields of selected water-quality constituents, including nutrients and bacteria, (1) among the stations during eight streamflow conditions and (2) at each station (a) between base flow and stormflow; (b) among before, during, and after a storm; and (c) among low, medium, and high flows were determined and related to the predominant type(s) of land development in the areas contributing drainage. At the station on the Delaware River, yields of fecal-coliform bacteria were affected more by contributions from storm runoff than by contributions from point sources and ground-water discharges; yields during a storm [7.0 x 108 (MPN/d)mi2 (most probable number per day per square mile)] were greater than yields during base flow (3.7 x 108 (MPN/d)mi2). Yields of nitrate plus nitrite, alkalinity, and chloride were affected more by contributions from point sources and ground-water discharges than by contributions from storm runoff; yields of these constituents were not significantly different during base flows and stormflows. At the Flat Brook and Whippany River stations, yields of most water-quality constituents were affected more by contributions from storm runoff than by contributions from point sources and ground-water discharge. For example, yields of nitrate plus nitrite were greater during stormflow (1.20 (lb/d)/mi2 (pounds per day per square mile) and 15.88 (lb/d)/mi2, respectively) than during base flow (0.26 (lb/d)/mi2 and 8.20 (lb/d)/mi2, respectively). At the Musconetcong River station, yields of total nitrogen, alkalinity, and chloride were affected more by contributions from storm runoff than by contributions from point sources and ground-water discharge. At three of the four water-quality stations on the Musconetcong River, yields of total phosphorus and bacteria were affected less by contributions from storm runoff than by contributions from point sources and ground-water discharge. At the Saddle River station, yields of alkalinity and chloride were affected more by contributions from storm runoff than by contributions from point sources and ground-water discharge; for example, yields of chloride during stormflows (707 (lb/d)/mi2) were greater than during base flows (401 (lb/d)/mi2). Yields of total phosphorus were affected less by contributions from storm runoff than by contributions from point sources and ground-water discharge; yields during base flows (4.00 (lb/d)/mi2) and stormflows (4.67 (lb/d)/mi2) were similar. Concentrations and yields of total phosphorus and nitrogen, and nitrate plus nitrite were strongly related to the amount of development in each drainage basin. At stations on the Saddle and Whippany Rivers, which drain areas with substantial development, concentrations and yields for all streamflow categories were higher than at stations on the Flat Brook and Delaware River, which drain areas with little development. Results of the Tukey test indicate that there are significant differences in total phosphorus concentrations at Saddle River and Flat Brook during base flows (0.77 mg/L (milligrams per liter) and 0.02 mg/L, respectively) and stormflows (0.42 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L, respectively).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"West Trenton, NJ","doi":"10.3133/wri014249","usgsCitation":"Hunchak-Kariouk, K., 2002, Comparisons of water quality during various streamflow conditions in five streams in northern New Jersey, 1982-97: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4249, v, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014249.","productDescription":"v, 40 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri014249.PNG"},{"id":3728,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4249/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.0640869140625,\n 40.42395127765169\n ],\n [\n -74.2510986328125,\n 40.486648520560806\n ],\n [\n -73.89678955078125,\n 41.00270266805319\n ],\n [\n -74.696044921875,\n 41.35619553438905\n ],\n [\n -75.13824462890625,\n 40.9840449469281\n ],\n [\n -75.05035400390625,\n 40.865756786006806\n ],\n [\n -75.1959228515625,\n 40.7701418259051\n ],\n [\n -75.201416015625,\n 40.57224011776902\n ],\n [\n -75.15472412109375,\n 40.56806745430726\n ],\n [\n -75.07232666015625,\n 40.54511315470123\n ],\n [\n -75.07232666015625,\n 40.45948689837198\n ],\n [\n -75.0640869140625,\n 40.42395127765169\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa5e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunchak-Kariouk, Kathryn","contributorId":41448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunchak-Kariouk","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006581,"text":"70006581 - 2002 - The role of native birds and other wildlife on the emergence of zoonotic diseases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-05T15:24:31","indexId":"70006581","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T15:20:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The role of native birds and other wildlife on the emergence of zoonotic diseases","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Emergence of Zoonotic Diseases: Understanding the Impact on Animal and Human Health: Workshop Summary","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academy Press","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Friend, M., and McLean, R.G., 2002, The role of native birds and other wildlife on the emergence of zoonotic diseases, in The Emergence of Zoonotic Diseases: Understanding the Impact on Animal and Human Health: Workshop Summary, p. 52-58.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"52","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288125,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288124,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10338"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53919168e4b06f80638265e6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Burroughs, Tom","contributorId":113885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burroughs","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508362,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knobler, Stacey","contributorId":112781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knobler","given":"Stacey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508361,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lederberg, Joshua","contributorId":111953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lederberg","given":"Joshua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508360,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Friend, Milton 0000-0002-2882-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-3629","contributorId":31332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friend","given":"Milton","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McLean, Robert G.","contributorId":23851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLean","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70204714,"text":"70204714 - 2002 - Potential impacts of climate change and variability on transportation in the Gulf Coast/Mississippi Delta Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-09T14:35:53","indexId":"70204714","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T14:34:06","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Potential impacts of climate change and variability on transportation in the Gulf Coast/Mississippi Delta Region","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Transportation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Transportation Research Workshop","conferenceDate":"October 1-2, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Washington D. 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2002 - Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of the World","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":44701,"text":"fs13002 - 2002 - Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of the World","indexId":"fs13002","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of the World"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70725,"text":"fs20053056 - 2005 - Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of the World","indexId":"fs20053056","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of the World"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70725,"text":"fs20053056 - 2005 - Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of the World","indexId":"fs20053056","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of the World"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:27","indexId":"fs13002","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"130-02","title":"Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of the World","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs13002","usgsCitation":"Williams, R., and Ferrigno, J.G., 2002, Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of the World (Superseded by FS 2005-3056 and Supersedes FS 133-99 & 009-94): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 130-02, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs13002.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3748,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs130-02/ ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":172528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Superseded by FS 2005-3056 and Supersedes FS 133-99 & 009-94","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdcbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":90679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":230283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44570,"text":"wri20024244 - 2002 - Stream-aquifer relations and the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the lower Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin in parts of Georgia, Florida, and Alabama, 1999-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-05T21:07:13.763414","indexId":"wri20024244","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4244","title":"Stream-aquifer relations and the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the lower Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin in parts of Georgia, Florida, and Alabama, 1999-2000","docAbstract":"The Upper Floridan aquifer is the principal source of water for domestic and agricultural use in the lower Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River Basin. Recent drought and increased water use have made understanding surface- and ground-water relations a priority for water-resource managers in the region. From July 1999 through August 2000, less than normal precipitation reduced streamflow in the area to less than 12 percent of average mean-daily streamflow and ground-water levels reached record or near-record lows. Effects of drought on stream-aquifer interactions in the basin were evaluated using baseflow estimation, ground-water seepage calculations, and potentiometric-surface maps. Ground-water discharge to streams, or baseflow, was estimated using three methods: field measurements, hydrograph separation, and linear regression analysis. Results were evaluated seasonally -- October 1999, April 2000, and August 2000 -- and for the period of record at four surface-water stations located on Kinchafoonee, Spring, Muckalee, and Turkey Creeks. Estimates of baseflow also were compared annually; ground-water discharge during the drought years, 1999 - 2000, was compared with ground-water discharge during a relatively wet year, 1994. Hydrograph separation indicated decreased base-flow of streams as the water level in the Upper Floridan aquifer declined. Mean-annual baseflow for Kinchafoonee, Spring, Muckalee, and Turkey Creeks ranged from 36 to 71 percent of total streamflow during the period of record. In 1994 baseflow accounted for only 37 to 56 percent of total streamflow, in 1999 baseflow comprised from 60 to 73 percent of total streamflow, and in 2000 baseflow comprised from 56 to 76 percent of streamflow. The percentage of total streamflow attributed to ground water increased during the drought, whereas other components of streamflow decreased (overland flow, interflow, and channel precipitation). Even though relative ground-water contributions were increased, the volume of water discharged from the aquifer to streams decreased during the drought as the Upper Floridan aquifer water level declined. Unit-area mean-annual ground-water discharge ranged from 0.60 to 0.79 cubic foot per second per square mile ([ft3/s]/mi2) in 1994, from 0.24 to 0.58 (ft3/s)/mi2 in 1999, and from 0.13 to 0.33 (ft3/s)/mi2 in 2000. Ground-water contributions to streamflow are high in winter, when evaporative demands are low, and low in summer, when evaporative demands are high. Linear regression analysis of stream-aquifer relations in the lower ACF River Basin shows 85- or 90-percent flow durations as reasonable estimates of baseflow.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20024244","usgsCitation":"Mosner, M.S., 2002, Stream-aquifer relations and the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the lower Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin in parts of Georgia, Florida, and Alabama, 1999-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4244, vi, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20024244.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":168436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":410065,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52806.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":3692,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri02-4244/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River, Upper Floridan aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-84.869384765625,29.878755346037977],[-84.9847412109375,29.673735421779128],[-85.2044677734375,29.73099249532227],[-85.4241943359375,30.012030680358613],[-85.49011230468749,30.552800413453546],[-85.49560546875,32.16166284018013],[-85.27587890625,33.5963189611327],[-84.72656249999999,34.17090836352573],[-83.924560546875,34.6241677899049],[-83.64990234375,34.89494244739732],[-83.34228515625,34.56990638085636],[-83.583984375,33.8521697014074],[-84.375,33.22030778968541],[-83.73779296875,31.96148355726853],[-84.05639648437499,30.911651004518244],[-84.5068359375,30.64736425824319],[-84.869384765625,29.878755346037977]]]}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a50be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mosner, Melinda S.","contributorId":97968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosner","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44702,"text":"fs14902 - 2002 - Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in selected Rocky Mountain provinces for the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 2000 (EPCA 2000)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:27","indexId":"fs14902","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"149-02","title":"Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in selected Rocky Mountain provinces for the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 2000 (EPCA 2000)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs14902","usgsCitation":"EPCA 2000 Assessment Team, 2002, Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in selected Rocky Mountain provinces for the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 2000 (EPCA 2000) (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 149-02, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs14902.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_149_02.bmp"},{"id":3749,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-149-02/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671d38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"EPCA 2000 Assessment Team","contributorId":127911,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"EPCA 2000 Assessment Team","id":531555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50486,"text":"ofr0289 - 2002 - U.S. Geological Survey artificial recharge workshop proceedings, April 2-4, 2002, Sacramento, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-18T12:56:16.766953","indexId":"ofr0289","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-89","title":"U.S. Geological Survey artificial recharge workshop proceedings, April 2-4, 2002, Sacramento, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0289","usgsCitation":"Aiken, G.R., and Kuniansky, E.L., 2002, U.S. Geological Survey artificial recharge workshop proceedings, April 2-4, 2002, Sacramento, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-89, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0289.","productDescription":"88 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4295,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/ogw/pubs/ofr0289/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":178350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db612d8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuniansky, Eve L. 0000-0002-5581-0225 elkunian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-0225","contributorId":932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"Eve","email":"elkunian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44698,"text":"fs11602 - 2002 - Assessment of stream quality using biological indices at selected sites in the Delaware River basin, Chester County, Pennsylvania, 1981-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-09T12:44:19","indexId":"fs11602","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"116-02","title":"Assessment of stream quality using biological indices at selected sites in the Delaware River basin, Chester County, Pennsylvania, 1981-97","docAbstract":"In 1970, the Chester County Water Resources Authority (Penn-sylvania) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) established a long-term water-quality network with the goal of assessing the quality of streams in the county and understanding stream changes in response to urbanization using benthic-macroinvertebrate data. This database represents one of the longest continuous water-quality data sets in the country. Benthic macroinvertebrates are aquatic insects, such as mayflies, caddisflies, riffle beetles, and midges, and other invertebrates that live on the stream bottom. Benthic macroinvertebrates are useful in evaluating stream quality because their habitat preferences and low motility cause them to be affected directly by substances that enter the aquatic system. By evaluating the diversity and community structure of benthic-macroinvertebrate populations, a determination of stream quality can be made.
Between 1981 and 1997, the water-quality network consisted of 43 sites in 5 major basins in Chester County—Delaware, Schuylkill, Brandywine, Big Elk and Octoraro, and Red and White Clay. Benthic-macroinvertebrate, water-chemistry, and habitat data were collected each year in October or November during base-flow condition. Using these data, Reif evaluates the overall water-quality condition of Chester County streams. This Fact Sheet summarizes the key findings from Reif for streams in the Delaware River Basin. These streams include Darby Creek (site 17), Crum Creek (site 19), Ridley Creek (sites 20 and 21), East Branch Chester Creek (sites 22-24, and 51), and Goose Creek (site 25). This summary includes an analysis of stream conditions on the basis of benthic-macroinvertebrate samples and an analysis of trends in stream conditions for the 17-year study period.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs11602","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Chester County Water Resources Authority","usgsCitation":"Reif, A.G., 2002, Assessment of stream quality using biological indices at selected sites in the Delaware River basin, Chester County, Pennsylvania, 1981-97: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 116-02, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11602.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0116/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":3745,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0116/fs20020116.pdf","text":"Report","size":"271 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2002-0116"}],"contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
In 1970, the Chester County Water Resources Authority (Pennsylvania) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) established a long-term water-quality network with the goal of assessing the quality of streams in the county and understanding stream changes in response to urbanization using benthic-macroinvertebrate data. This database represents one of the longest continuous water-quality data sets in the country. Benthic macroinvertebrates are aquatic insects, such as mayflies, caddisflies, riffle beetles, and midges, and other invertebrates that live on the stream bottom. Benthic macroinvertebrates are useful in evaluating stream quality because their habitat preferences and low motility cause them to be affected directly by substances that enter the aquatic system. By evaluating the diversity and community structure of benthic-macroinvertebrate populations, a determination of stream quality can be made.
Between 1981 and 1997, the network consisted of 43 sites in 5 major basins in Chester County—Delaware, Schuylkill, Brandywine, Big Elk and Octoraro, and Red and White Clay. Benthic-macroinvertebrate, water-chemistry, and habitat data were collected each year in October or November during base-flow conditions. Using these data, Reif evaluated the overall water-quality condition of Chester County streams. This Fact Sheet summarizes the key findings from Reif for streams in the Schuylkill River Basin. These streams include Pigeon Creek (site 10), Stony Run (site 6), French Creek (sites 12-16), Pickering Creek (sites 1-5), Little Valley Creek (site 49), and Valley Creek (site 50). This summary includes an analysis of stream conditions based on benthic-macroinvertebrate samples and an analysis of trends in stream conditions for the 17-year study period.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs11402","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Chester County Water Resources Authority","usgsCitation":"Reif, A.G., 2002, Assessment of stream quality using biological indices at selected sites in the Schuylkill River basin, Chester County, Pennsylvania, 1981-97: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 114-02, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11402.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0114/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":3743,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0114/fs20020114.pdf","text":"Report","size":"264 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2002-0114"}],"contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
In 1970, the Chester County Water Resources Authority (Pennsylvania) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) established a long-term water-quality network with the goal of assessing the quality of streams in the county and understanding stream changes in response to urbanization using benthic-macroinvertebrate data. This database represents one of the longest continuous water-quality data sets in the country. Benthic macroinvertebrates are aquatic insects, such as mayflies, caddisflies, riffle beetles, and midges, and other invertebrates that live on the stream bottom. Benthic macroinvertebrates are useful in evaluating stream quality because their habitat preference and low motility cause them to be affected directly by substances that enter the aquatic system. By evaluating the diversity and community structure of benthic-macroinvertebrate populations, a determination of stream quality can be made.
Between 1981 and 1997, the water-quality network consisted of 43 sites in 5 major basins in Chester County—Delaware, Schuylkill, Brandywine, Big Elk and Octoraro, and Red and White Clay. Benthicmacroinvertebrate, water-chemistry, and habitat data were collected each year in October or November during base-flow conditions. Using these data, Reif evaluates the overall water-quality condition of Chester County streams. This Fact Sheet summarizes the key findings from Reif for streams in the Red Clay and White Clay Creek Basins. These streams include East Branch Red Clay Creek (site 26), West Branch Red Clay Creek (site 27), East Branch White Clay Creek (site 28), the Middle Branch White Clay Creek (site 29), and West Branch White Clay Creek (site 30). This summary includes an analysis of stream conditions on the basis of benthic-macroinvertebrate samples and an analysis of trends in stream conditions for the 17-year study period.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs11802","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Chester County Water Resources Authority","usgsCitation":"Reif, A.G., 2002, Assessment of stream quality using biological indices at selected sites in the Red Clay and White Clay Creek basins, Chester County, Pennsylvania, 1981-97: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 118-02, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11802.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3747,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0118/fs20020118.pdf","text":"Report","size":"278 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 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Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
The Colorado River Delta Region (CRDR) is comprised of large agricultural areas in the U.S. (Imperial and Yuma districts) and Mexico (Mexicali and San Luis districts), the Salton Sea, and the Lower Colorado River from southern Arizona to the Gulf of California (Valdés-Casillas et al., 1998). Before agricultural development, the lower delta comprised large riparian and wetland areas (Sykes, 1937; Glenn et al., 1999). Currently, most water from the Colorado River below Imperial Dam is used for irrigation in California and Mexico, and only remnants of the former CRDR wetlands remain. However, the Cienega de Santa Clara and the Rio Hardy wetlands (Figure 111.1) provide important habitat for many resident and migratory birds, including endangered species such as the desert pupfish (scientific names are provided in Table 111.1) and the Yuma clapper rail (Abarca et al., 1993; Mellink et al., 1997). Detailed descriptions of the CRDR and its wetlands are provided elsewhere (Sykes, 1937; Glenn et al., 1995; 1999; Friederici, 1998; Valdés-Casillas et al., 1998).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Managing for healthy ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","isbn":"9781566706124","usgsCitation":"Mora, M.A., Garcia, J., de la Paz Carpio-Obeso, M., and King, K.A., 2002, Contaminants without borders: A regional assessment of the Colorado River Delta ecosystem, chap. 111 of Managing for healthy ecosystems, p. 1125-1134.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1125","endPage":"1134","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330851,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330850,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.crcpress.com/Managing-for-Healthy-Ecosystems/Rapport-Lasley-Rolston-Nielsen-Qualset-Damania/p/book/9781566706124"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River Delta Region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.56494140625001,\n 31.203404950917395\n ],\n [\n -113.75244140624999,\n 31.203404950917395\n ],\n [\n -113.75244140624999,\n 33.293803558346596\n ],\n [\n -116.56494140625001,\n 33.293803558346596\n ],\n [\n -116.56494140625001,\n 31.203404950917395\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5821a0dee4b02f1a881de97c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mora, Miguel A. 0000-0002-8393-0216","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8393-0216","contributorId":46643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mora","given":"Miguel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garcia, Jaqueline","contributorId":176724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"Jaqueline","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"de la Paz Carpio-Obeso, Maria","contributorId":176725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de la Paz Carpio-Obeso","given":"Maria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"King, Kirke A.","contributorId":17727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Kirke","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":44944,"text":"wri024121 - 2002 - Distribution and mass loss of volatile organic compounds in the surficial aquifer at sites FT03, LF13, and WP14/LF15, Dover Air Force Base, Delaware, November 2000–February 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-18T21:43:42.729568","indexId":"wri024121","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4121","title":"Distribution and mass loss of volatile organic compounds in the surficial aquifer at sites FT03, LF13, and WP14/LF15, Dover Air Force Base, Delaware, November 2000–February 2001","docAbstract":"Ground-water and surface-water sampling was conducted in the natural attenuation study area in the East Management Unit of Dover Air Force Base, Delaware to determine the distributions of volatile organic compounds in the vicinity of four sites?Fire Training Area Three, the Rubble Area Landfill, the Receiver Station Landfill, and the Liquid Waste Disposal Landfill. This work was done by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force, as part of an ongoing assessment of the effectiveness of natural attenuation at these sites. The specific objectives of the study were to (1) determine the areal and vertical extent of the contaminant plumes and source areas, (2) measure volatile organic compound concentrations in ground-water discharge areas and in surface water under base-flow conditions, (3) evaluate the potential for off-site migration of the mapped plumes, and (4) estimate the amount of mass loss downgradient of the Liquid Waste Disposal and Receiver Station Landfills. A direct-push drill rig and previously installed multi-level piezometers were used to determine the three-dimensional distributions of volatile organic compounds in the 30?60-foot-thick surficial aquifer underlying the natural attenuation study area. A hand -driven mini-piezometer was used to collect ground-water samples in ground-water discharge areas. A total of 319 ground-water and 4 surface-water samples were collected from November 2000 to February 2001 and analyzed for chlorinated solvents and fuel hydrocarbons.\r\n\r\nThe contaminant plumes migrating from Fire Training Area Three and the Rubble Area Landfill are approximately 500 feet and 800 feet, respectively, in length. These plumes consist predominantly of cis-1,2-dichloroethene, a daughter product, indicating that extensive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene has occurred at these sites. With an approximate length of 2,200 feet, the plume migrating from the Receiver Station and Liquid Waste Disposal Landfills is the largest of the three plumes in the East Management Unit. In this plume, the parent compounds, tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene, as well as cis-1,2-dichloroethene, are present downgradient of the source. Vinyl chloride was not detected in the natural attenuation study area. Vertical water-quality profiles indicate that volatile organic compounds are present mainly in the upper part of the surficial aquifer. Plumes of fuel hydrocarbon constituents were not detected in the natural attenuation study area.\r\n\r\nVolatile organic compounds were present at concentrations above detection limits in 6 of 14 samples collected from the aquifer underlying the bed of Pipe Elm Branch and the drainage ditch adjacent to Fire Training Area Three, indicating that the plumes migrating from Fire Training Area Three and the Receiver Station and Liquid Waste Disposal Landfills are reaching these ground-water discharge areas. In contrast, sampling results indicated that the plume from the Rubble Area Landfill does not reach these ground-water discharge areas. Trichloroethene was present above detection limits in one of four surface-water samples collected from Pipe Elm Branch and the drainage ditch adjacent to Fire Training Area Three. The trichloroethene concentration is below applicable Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control surface-water-quality standards for human health.\r\n\r\nAn assessment of chlorinated-solvent mass loss in the plume migrating from the Receiver Station and Liquid Waste Disposal Landfills indicates that tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene mass loss downgradient of the source is negligible. Cis-1,2-dichloroethene, however, appears to biodegrade by an unidentified reaction in the plume. Plan-view maps of the plume migrating from the Receiver Station and Liquid Waste Disposal Landfills indicate that tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, and cis-1,2-dichloroethene may migrate off Dover Air Force Base property approximately 1,500 f","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024121","usgsCitation":"Barbaro, J.R., and Neupane, P.P., 2002, Distribution and mass loss of volatile organic compounds in the surficial aquifer at sites FT03, LF13, and WP14/LF15, Dover Air Force Base, Delaware, November 2000–February 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4121, vi, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024121.","productDescription":"vi, 63 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394476,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54139.htm"},{"id":82251,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4121/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4121/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware","otherGeospatial":"Dover Air Force Base","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.4625,\n 39.1269\n ],\n [\n -75.4417,\n 39.1269\n ],\n [\n -75.4417,\n 39.1375\n ],\n [\n -75.4625,\n 39.1375\n ],\n [\n -75.4625,\n 39.1269\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649bef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barbaro, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-6107-2142 jrbarbar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-2142","contributorId":1626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbaro","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jrbarbar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neupane, Pradumna P.","contributorId":22815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neupane","given":"Pradumna","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":50573,"text":"ofr02465 - 2002 - A bibliography of terrain modeling (geomorphometry), the quantitative representation of topography: Supplement 4.0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-23T16:51:47.889016","indexId":"ofr02465","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-465","title":"A bibliography of terrain modeling (geomorphometry), the quantitative representation of topography: Supplement 4.0","docAbstract":"Terrain modeling, the practice of ground-surface quantification, is an amalgam of Earth science, mathematics, engineering, and computer science. The discipline is known variously as geomorphometry (or simply morphometry), terrain analysis, and quantitative geomorphology. It continues to grow through myriad applications to hydrology, geohazards mapping, tectonics, sea-floor and planetary exploration, and other fields. Dating nominally to the co-founders of academic geography, Alexander von Humboldt (1808, 1817) and Carl Ritter (1826, 1828), the field was revolutionized late in the 20th Century by the computer manipulation of spatial arrays of terrain heights, or digital elevation models (DEMs), which can quantify and portray ground-surface form over large areas (Maune, 2001). Morphometric procedures are implemented routinely by commercial geographic information systems (GIS) as well as specialized software (Harvey and Eash, 1996; Köthe and others, 1996; ESRI, 1997; Drzewiecki et al., 1999; Dikau and Saurer, 1999; Djokic and Maidment, 2000; Wilson and Gallant, 2000; Breuer, 2001; Guth, 2001; Eastman, 2002). The new Earth Surface edition of the Journal of Geophysical Research, specializing in surficial processes, is the latest of many publication venues for terrain modeling.
\nThis is the fourth update of a bibliography and introduction to terrain modeling (Pike, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1999) designed to collect the diverse, scattered literature on surface measurement as a resource for the research community. The use of DEMs in science and technology continues to accelerate and diversify (Pike, 2000a). New work appears so frequently that a sampling must suffice to represent the vast literature. This report adds 1636 entries to the 4374 in the four earlier publications1. Forty-eight additional entries correct dead Internet links and other errors found in the prior listings. Chronicling the history of terrain modeling, many entries in this report predate the 1999 supplement. Coverage is representative from about 1800 through early–mid 2002. Papers increasingly are published exclusively or in duplicate on the Internet's World Wide Web; the dates given here for Web addresses (URLs) that lack a print publication indicate a Web site's last update or my last access of it. The bibliography is arranged alphabetically and thus is not readily summarized. This introduction cites about 500 entries, a third of them grouped under 24 morphometric topics, as a guide to the listing's contents. Continuing the practice of previous bibliographies in the series to provide more information on a few applications (see summary of past topics in Pike, 2000a), this report elaborates further on topographic data, putative new parameters, tectonic geomorphology/neo-orometry, biogeography, ice-cap morphometry, results from the Mars Global DEM, landslide-hazard mapping, terrain modeling as physics, Hack's law, and broad-scale computer visualization. The literature of some of these subjects is large, and none of the summaries is intended to more than introduce the topic and comment on some of the current contributions of terrain modeling. Closing the essay is a discussion of pre-1900 papers that trace the evolution of ridge-line and watercourse quantification by descriptive geometry, as well as comments on some new books and an on-line bulletin board.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5eff21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellefson, B.R.","contributorId":83927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefson","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, C.D.","contributorId":22412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buchwald, C.A.","contributorId":20386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchwald","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":44722,"text":"cir1196E - 2002 - Magnesium recycling in the United States in 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:09","indexId":"cir1196E","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1196","chapter":"E","title":"Magnesium recycling in the United States in 1998","docAbstract":"As concern for the environment has grown in recent years, the \r\nimportance of recycling has become more evident. The more materials that are recycled, \r\nthe fewer natural resources will be consumed and the fewer waste products will end up in \r\nlandfills, the water, and the air. As one of a series of reports on metals recycling, this \r\nreport discusses the 1998 flow of magnesium in the United States from extraction \r\nthrough its uses with particular emphasis on recycling. In 1998, the recycling efficiency \r\nfor magnesium was estimated to be 33 percent--almost 60 percent of the magnesium that \r\nwas recycled came from new scrap, primarily waste from die-casting operations. The \r\nprincipal source of old scrap was recycled aluminum beverage cans.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Flow studies for recycling metal commodities in the United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/cir1196E","usgsCitation":"Kramer, D.A., 2002, Magnesium recycling in the United States in 1998 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1196, p. E1-E12, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1196E.","productDescription":"p. E1-E12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3856,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c1196e/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":162871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db649267","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kramer, Deborah A.","contributorId":69966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kramer","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39978,"text":"wri024091 - 2002 - Hydrogeology and ground-water-flow simulation of the Cave Springs area, Hixson, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-13T19:41:00.574019","indexId":"wri024091","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4091","title":"Hydrogeology and ground-water-flow simulation of the Cave Springs area, Hixson, Tennessee","docAbstract":"The ground-water resource in the Cave Springs area is used by the Hixson Utility District as a water supply and is one of the more heavily stressed in the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province. In 1999, ground-water withdrawals by the Hixson Utility District averaged about 6.4 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) from two pumping centers. The Hixson Utility District has historically withdrawn about 5.8 Mgal/d from wells at Cave Springs. In 1995 to meet increasing demand, an additional well field was developed at Walkers Corner, located about 3 miles northeast of Cave Springs. From 1995 through 2000, pumping from the first production well at Walkers Corner averaged about 1.8 Mgal/d. A second production well at Walkers Corner was approved for use in 2000. Hixson Utility District alternates the use of the two production wells at Walkers Corner except when drought conditions occur when they are used simultaneously. The second production well increased the capacity of the well field by an additional 2 Mgal/d.
The aquifer framework in the study area consists of dense Paleozoic carbonate rocks with secondary permeability that are mantled by thick residual clay-rich regolith in most of the area and by coarse-grained alluvium in the valley of North Chickamauga Creek. Cave Springs, one of the largest springs in Tennessee, derives its flow from conduits in a carbonate rock (karst) aquifer. Production wells at Cave Springs draw water from these conduits. Production wells at Walkers Corner primarily draw water from gravel zones in the regolith near the top of rock. Transmissivities estimated from hydraulic tests conducted across the Cave Springs area span a range from 240 to 900,000 feet squared per day (ft2/d) with a median value of 5,200 ft2/d. Recharge to the aquifer occurs from direct infiltration of precipitation and from losing streams. Most recharge occurs during the winter and spring months.
Computer modeling was used to provide a better understanding of the ground-water-flow system and to simulate the effects of additional ground-water withdrawals. A numerical ground-water-flow model of the ground-water system was constructed and calibrated using MODFLOW 2000. Modeling results indicate that losing streams along the base of the Cumberland Plateau escarpment at the western edge of the study area are an important source of recharge to the ground-water system, supplying about 50 percent of the recharge to the study area. Direct infiltration of precipitation accounts for the remaining recharge to the study area. In 1999, ground-water withdrawals of 6.4 Mgal/d [9.9 cubic feet per second (ft3/s)] equaled about 11 percent of the total simulated ground-water recharge. The remaining ground-water recharge discharges to rivers (48 percent, 41.1 ft3/s), springs (19 percent, 16.8 ft3/s), and Chickamauga Lake (22 percent, 19.0 ft3/s). Drawdown at the Walkers Corner well field in 2000 was about 33 feet at the center of a cone of depression that is elongated along strike. If additional pumping at Walkers Corner increases withdrawals by 2 Mgal/d, simulated drawdown at the Walkers Corner well field increases to about 60 feet and simulated ground-water discharges decrease by amounts of 1.0 ft3/s to Chickamauga Lake, 0.8 ft3/s to North Chickamauga Creek, 0.5 ft3/s to Lick Branch-Rogers Spring drainage, 0.5 ft3/s to Poe Branch, and 0.2 ft3/s to Cave Springs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024091","usgsCitation":"Haugh, C.J., 2002, Hydrogeology and ground-water-flow simulation of the Cave Springs area, Hixson, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4091, v, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024091.","productDescription":"v, 57 p.","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415726,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52774.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":173221,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3668,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024091/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","city":"Hixson","otherGeospatial":"Cave Springs area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.0750,\n 35.3078\n ],\n [\n -85.2667,\n 35.3078\n ],\n [\n -85.2667,\n 35.1333\n ],\n [\n -85.0750,\n 35.1333\n ],\n [\n -85.0750,\n 35.3078\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fd14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haugh, Connor J. 0000-0002-5204-8271 cjhaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5204-8271","contributorId":3932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugh","given":"Connor","email":"cjhaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39955,"text":"wri024239 - 2002 - Detection and measurement of land subsidence using global positioning system and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, Coachella Valley, California, 1998-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-13T10:05:22","indexId":"wri024239","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4239","title":"Detection and measurement of land subsidence using global positioning system and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, Coachella Valley, California, 1998-2000","docAbstract":"Land subsidence associated with ground-water-level declines has been recognized as a potential problem in Coachella Valley, California. Since the early 1920s, ground water has been a major source of agricultural, municipal, and domestic supply in the valley. Pumping of ground water resulted in water-level declines as large as 15 meters (50 feet) through the late 1940s. In 1949, the importation of Colorado River water to the lower Coachella Valley began, resulting in a reduction in ground-water pumping and a recovery of water levels during the 1950s through the 1970s. Since the late 1970s, demand for water in the valley has exceeded deliveries of imported surface water, resulting in increased pumping and associated ground-water-level declines and, consequently, an increase in the potential for land subsidence caused by aquifer-system compaction.
The location, extent, and magnitude of the vertical land-surface changes in Coachella Valley between 1998 and 2000 were determined using Global Positioning System (GPS) and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) methods. GPS measurements made at 15 geodetic monuments in the lower Coachella Valley indicate that -34 to +60 millimeters ± 45 millimeters (-0.11 to +0.20 foot ± 0.15 foot) of vertical change in the land surface occurred during the 2-year period. Changes at three of the monuments exceeded the maximum uncertainty of ± 45 millimeters (± 0.15 foot) at the 95-percent confidence level, which indicates that small amounts of uplift occurred at these monuments between October 1998 and August 2000. Water-level measurements made at wells near the three uplifted monuments during this 2-year period indicate that the water levels fluctuate seasonally; water-level measurements made at these wells in September 1998 and September 2000 indicate that the water levels rose slightly near two monuments and declined slightly near the third. The relation between the seasonally fluctuating, but fairly stable, water levels between September 1998 and September 2000 and the slight uplift at the monuments may indicate that the water levels are fluctuating in the elastic range of stress and that the preconsolidation stress of the aquifer system was not exceeded during the 2-year period.
Results of the InSAR measurements made between June 17, 1998, and October 4, 2000, indicate that land subsidence, ranging from about 40 to 80 millimeters (0.13 to 0.26 foot), occurred in three areas of the Coachella Valley; near Palm Desert, Indian Wells, and La Quinta. Measurements made between June 17, 1998, and June 2, 1999, indicate that about 15 millimeters (0.05 foot) occurred southeast of Lake Cahuilla. All the subsiding areas coincide with or are near areas where ground-water levels declined between 1998 and 2000; some water levels in 2000 were at the lowest levels in their recorded histories. The coincident areas of subsidence and declining water levels suggest that aquifer-system compaction may be causing subsidence. If the stresses imposed by the historically lowest water levels exceeded the preconsolidation stress, the aquifer-system compaction and associated land subsidence may be permanent. Although the localized character of the subsidence signals look typical of the type of subsidence characteristically caused by localized pumping, the subsidence also may be related to tectonic activity in the valley.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024239","usgsCitation":"Sneed, M., Stork, S.V., and Ikehara, M.E., 2002, Detection and measurement of land subsidence using global positioning system and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, Coachella Valley, California, 1998-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4239, vii, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024239.","productDescription":"vii, 29 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":170421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3649,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024239/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County","otherGeospatial":"Coachella 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Michelle 0000-0002-8180-382X micsneed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8180-382X","contributorId":155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sneed","given":"Michelle","email":"micsneed@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stork, Sylvia V. 0000-0002-1994-5560 svstork@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1994-5560","contributorId":5096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stork","given":"Sylvia","email":"svstork@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":222677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ikehara, Marti E.","contributorId":53757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikehara","given":"Marti","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":39980,"text":"wri024094 - 2002 - Hydrology of the Black Hills area, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:35","indexId":"wri024094","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4094","title":"Hydrology of the Black Hills area, South Dakota","docAbstract":"The Black Hills Hydrology Study was initiated in 1990 to assess the quantity, quality, and distribution of surface water and ground water in the Black Hills area of South Dakota. This report summarizes the hydrology of the Black Hills area and the results of this long-term study.The Black Hills area of South Dakota and Wyoming is an important recharge area for several regional, bedrock aquifer systems and various local aquifers; thus, the study focused on describing the hydrologic significance of selected bedrock aquifers. The major aquifers in the Black Hills area are the Deadwood, Madison, Minnelusa, Minnekahta, and Inyan Kara aquifers. The highest priority was placed on the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers, which are used extensively and heavily influence the surface-water resources of the area.Within this report, the hydrogeologic framework of the area, including climate, geology, ground water, and surface water, is discussed. Hydrologic processes and characteristics for ground water and surface water are presented. For ground water, water-level trends and comparisons and water-quality characteristics are presented. For surface water, streamflow characteristics, responses to precipitation, annual yields and yield efficiencies, and water-quality characteristics are presented. Hydrologic budgets are presented for ground water, surface water, and the combined ground-water/surface-water system. A summary of study findings regarding the complex flow systems within the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers also is presented.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024094","usgsCitation":"Driscoll, D.G., Carter, J., Williamson, J., and Putnam, L., 2002, Hydrology of the Black Hills area, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4094, 150 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024094.","productDescription":"150 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3669,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024094","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47b0e4b07f02db49cbe0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Driscoll, Daniel G. dgdrisco@usgs.gov","contributorId":1558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Daniel","email":"dgdrisco@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, Janet M. 0000-0002-6376-3473","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6376-3473","contributorId":40660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Janet M.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williamson, Joyce jewillia@usgs.gov","contributorId":23612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Joyce","email":"jewillia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Putnam, Larry","contributorId":31456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"Larry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":44956,"text":"wri024168 - 2002 - The National Flood Frequency Program, version 3 : a computer program for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods for ungaged sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:12","indexId":"wri024168","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4168","title":"The National Flood Frequency Program, version 3 : a computer program for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods for ungaged sites","docAbstract":"For many years, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been developing regional regression equations for estimating flood magnitude and frequency at ungaged sites. These regression equations are used to transfer flood characteristics from gaged to ungaged sites through the use of watershed and climatic characteristics as explanatory or predictor variables. Generally, these equations have been developed on a Statewide or metropolitan-area basis as part of cooperative study programs with specific State Departments of Transportation. \r\n\r\nIn 1994, the USGS released a computer program titled the National Flood Frequency Program (NFF), which compiled all the USGS available regression equations for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in the United States and Puerto Rico. NFF was developed in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration and the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Since the initial release of NFF, the USGS has produced new equations for many areas of the Nation. A new version of NFF has been developed that incorporates these new equations and provides additional functionality and ease of use. \r\n\r\nNFF version 3 provides regression-equation estimates of flood-peak discharges for unregulated rural and urban watersheds, flood-frequency plots, and plots of typical flood hydrographs for selected recurrence intervals. The Program also provides weighting techniques to improve estimates of flood-peak discharges for gaging stations and ungaged sites. The information provided by NFF should be useful to engineers and hydrologists for planning and design applications. \r\n\r\nThis report describes the flood-regionalization techniques used in NFF and provides guidance on the applicability and limitations of the techniques. The NFF software and the documentation for the regression equations included in NFF are available at http://water.usgs.gov/software/nff.html.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024168","usgsCitation":"Ries, K., and Crouse, M.Y., 2002, The National Flood Frequency Program, version 3 : a computer program for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods for ungaged sites: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4168, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024168.","productDescription":"53 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3830,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024168/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":162264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b1ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ries, Kernell G. III kries@usgs.gov","contributorId":1913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ries","given":"Kernell G.","suffix":"III","email":"kries@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":230766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crouse, Michele Y.","contributorId":93540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crouse","given":"Michele","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44922,"text":"wri024228 - 2002 - Quality of shallow ground water in areas of recent residential and commercial development, Wichita, Kansas, 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-28T10:06:04","indexId":"wri024228","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4228","displayTitle":"Quality of Shallow Ground Water in Areas of Recent Residential and Commercial Development, Wichita, Kansas, 2000","title":"Quality of shallow ground water in areas of recent residential and commercial development, Wichita, Kansas, 2000","docAbstract":"Water samples from 30 randomly distributed monitoring wells in areas of recent residential and commercial development (1960–96), Wichita, Kansas, were collected in 2000 as part of the High Plains Regional Ground-Water Study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. The samples were analyzed for about 170 water-quality constituents that included chlorofluorocarbons, physical properties, dissolved solids and major ions, nutrients and dissolved organic carbon, trace elements, pesticide compounds, and volatile organic compounds. The purpose of this report is to provide an assessment of water quality in recharge to shallow ground water underlying areas of recent residential and commercial development and to determine the relation of ground-water quality to overlying urban land use.
Analyses of water from the 30 monitoring wells for chlorofluorocarbons were used to estimate apparent dates of recharge. Water from 18 wells with nondegraded and uncontaminated chlorofluorocarbon concentrations had calculated apparent recharge dates that ranged from 1979 to 1990 with an average date of 1986.
Water from 14 monitoring wells (47 percent) exceeded the 500-milligrams-per-liter Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for dissolved solids in drinking water. The Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels of 250 milligrams per liter for chloride and sulfate were exceeded in water from one well. The source of the largest concentrations of dissolved solids and associated ions, such as chloride and sulfate, in shallow ground water in the study area probably is highly mineralized water moving out of the Arkansas River into the adjacent, unconsolidated deposits and mixing with the dominant calcium bicarbonate water in the deposits.
Concentrations of most nutrients in water from the sampled wells were small, with the exception of nitrate. Although water from the sampled wells did not have nitrate concentrations larger than the 10-milligram-per-liter Maximum Contaminant Level for drinking water, water from 50 percent of the sampled wells showed nitrate enrichment (concentrations greater than 2.0 milligrams per liter).
Most trace elements in water from the sampled wells were detected only in small concentrations, and few exceeded respective water-quality standards. Twenty percent of iron concentrations, 40 percent of manganese concentrations, 3 percent of arsenic concentrations, and 13 percent of uranium concentrations exceeded respective Maximum Contaminant Levels or Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels.
A total of 47 pesticide compounds were analyzed in ground-water samples during this study. Water from 73 percent of the wells sampled had detectable concentrations of one or more of 8 of these 47 compounds. The herbicide atrazine or its degradation product deethylatrazine were detected most frequently (in water from 70 percent of the sampled wells). Metolachlor was detected in water from 10 percent of the wells, and simazine was detected in water from 30 percent of the wells sampled. Other pesticides detected included dieldrin, pendimethalin, prometon, and tebuthiuron (each in water from 3 percent of the wells). All concentrations of these compounds were less than established Maximum Contaminant Levels.
A total of 85 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analyzed in ground-water samples during this study. Water from 43 percent of the wells had a detectable concentration of one or more VOCs. Chloroform was the most frequently detected VOC (23 percent of the wells sampled).Seven other VOCs were detected in water at frequencies of 13 percent or less in the wells sampled. Concentrations of VOCs were less than respective Maximum Contaminant Levels, except one sample with a concentration of 9.0 micrograms per liter for tetrachloroethylene (Maximum Contaminant Level of 5.0 micrograms per liter).
An analysis of hydraulic gradient, flow velocity, and residence time of the ground water indicated potential recharge areas that ranged from 0.8 to 2.8 miles upgradient of monitoring-well locations. Nineteen (63 percent) of these potential recharge areas were in agricultural areas or areas in transition from agricultural to residential and (or) commercial land use at the time water sampled from the monitoring wells was recharged to the shallow ground water. The occurrence of atrazine or deethylatrazine in water from 70 percent of the monitoring wells may indicate a historical agricultural land-use relation. This agricultural relation also may affect concentrations of other water-quality constituents of possible agricultural origin such as nitrate, which generally were in excess of background concentrations in shallow ground water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024228","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Pope, L.M., Bruce, B.W., Rasmussen, P.P., and Milligan, C.R., 2002, Quality of shallow ground water in areas of recent residential and commercial development, Wichita, Kansas, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4228, viii, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024228.","productDescription":"viii, 67 p.","numberOfPages":"76","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360233,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4228/wrir20024228.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 2002–4228"},{"id":162167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4228/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","city":"Wichita","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.51876831054688,\n 37.545121745994905\n ],\n [\n -97.15003967285156,\n 37.545121745994905\n ],\n [\n -97.15003967285156,\n 37.82768377181359\n ],\n [\n -97.51876831054688,\n 37.82768377181359\n ],\n [\n -97.51876831054688,\n 37.545121745994905\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1217 Biltmore Drive
Lawrence, KS 66049