{"pageNumber":"2929","pageRowStart":"73200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184553,"records":[{"id":50892,"text":"ofr02151 - 2002 - User's manual for computer program BASEPLOT","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:13","indexId":"ofr02151","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-151","title":"User's manual for computer program BASEPLOT","docAbstract":"The checking and reviewing of daily records of streamflow within the U.S. Geological Survey is traditionally accomplished by hand-plotting and mentally collating tables of data. The process is time consuming, difficult to standardize, and subject to errors in computation, data entry, and logic. In addition, the presentation of flow data on the internet requires more timely and accurate computation of daily flow records.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nBASEPLOT was developed for checking and review of primary streamflow records within the U.S. Geological Survey. Use of BASEPLOT enables users to (1) provide efficiencies during the record checking and review process, (2) improve quality control, (3) achieve uniformity of checking and review techniques of simple stage-discharge relations, and (4) provide a tool for teaching streamflow computation techniques.\r\n\r\nThe BASEPLOT program produces tables of quality control checks and produces plots of rating curves and discharge measurements; variable shift (V-shift) diagrams; and V-shifts converted to stage-discharge plots, using data stored in the U.S. Geological Survey Automatic Data Processing System database. In addition, the program plots unit-value hydrographs that show unit-value stages, shifts, and datum corrections; input shifts, datum corrections, and effective dates; discharge measurements; effective dates for rating tables; and numeric quality control checks. Checklist/tutorial forms are provided for reviewers to ensure completeness of review and standardize the review process. The program was written for the U.S. Geological Survey SUN computer using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software produced by SAS Institute, Incorporated.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02151","usgsCitation":"Sanders, C.L., 2002, User's manual for computer program BASEPLOT: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-151, p. 66, illus. incl. 2 tables, 5 refs; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02151.","productDescription":"p. 66, illus. incl. 2 tables, 5 refs; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4656,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr02151/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":175695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a030","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanders, Curtis L. Jr.","contributorId":76391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanders","given":"Curtis","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":50494,"text":"ofr02190 - 2002 - Occurrence of invertebrates at 38 stream sites in the Mississippi Embayment study unit, 1996-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-11T15:33:39.584389","indexId":"ofr02190","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-190","title":"Occurrence of invertebrates at 38 stream sites in the Mississippi Embayment study unit, 1996-99","docAbstract":"A total of 88 invertebrate species and 178 genera representing 59 families, 8 orders, 6 classes, and 3 phyla was identified at 38 stream sites in the Mississippi Embayment Study Unit from 1996 through 1999 as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Sites were selected based on land use within the drainage basins and the availability of long-term streamflow data. Invertebrates were sampled as part of an overall sampling design to provide information related to the status and trends in water quality in the Mississippi Embayment Study Unit, which includes parts of Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee.\r\n\r\nInvertebrate sampling and processing was conducted using nationally standardized techniques developed for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program. These techniques included both a semi-quantitative method, which targeted habitats where invertebrate diversity is expected to be highest, and a qualitative multihabitat method, which samples all available habitat types possible within a sampling reach. All invertebrate samples were shipped to the USGS National Water-Quality Laboratory (NWQL) where they were processed.\r\n\r\nOf the 365 taxa identified, 156 were identified with the semi-quantitative method that involved sampling a known quantity of what was expected to be the richest habitat, woody debris. The qualitative method, which involved sampling all available habitats, identified 345 taxa The number of organisms identified in the semi-quantitative samples ranged from 74 to 3,295, whereas the number of taxa identified ranged from 9 to 54. The number of organisms identified in the qualitative samples ranged from 42 to 29,634, whereas the number of taxa ranged from 18 to 81. From all the organisms identified, chironomid taxa were the most frequently identified, and plecopteran taxa were among the least frequently identified.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02190","usgsCitation":"Caskey, B.J., Justus, B., and Zappia, H., 2002, Occurrence of invertebrates at 38 stream sites in the Mississippi Embayment study unit, 1996-99: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-190, 1 CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02190.","productDescription":"1 CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4310,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0190/ofr02190.zip","text":"CD-ROM","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":176060,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db6561a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caskey, Brian J.","contributorId":104119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caskey","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Justus, B. G.","contributorId":49825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Justus","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zappia, Humbert","contributorId":79093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zappia","given":"Humbert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":50503,"text":"ofr02286 - 2002 - Daily values flow comparison and estimates using program HYCOMP, version 1.0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:19","indexId":"ofr02286","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-286","title":"Daily values flow comparison and estimates using program HYCOMP, version 1.0","docAbstract":"A method used by the U.S. Geological Survey for quality control in computing daily value flow records is to compare hydrographs of computed flows at a station under review to hydrographs of computed flows at a selected index station. The hydrographs are placed on top of each other (as hydrograph overlays) on a light table, compared, and missing daily flow data estimated. This method, however, is subjective and can produce inconsistent results, because hydrographers can differ when calculating acceptable limits of deviation between observed and estimated flows. Selection of appropriate index stations also is judgemental, giving no consideration to the mathematical correlation between the review station and the index station(s).\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nTo address the limitation of the hydrograph overlay method, a set of software programs, written in the SAS macrolanguage, was developed and designated Program HYDCOMP. The program automatically selects statistically comparable index stations by correlation and regression, and performs hydrographic comparisons and estimates of missing data by regressing daily mean flows at the review station against -8 to +8 lagged flows at one or two index stations and day-of-week. Another advantage that HYDCOMP has over the graphical method is that estimated flows, the criteria for determining the quality of the data, and the selection of index stations are determined statistically, and are reproducible from one user to another.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n            HYDCOMP will load the most-correlated index stations into another file containing the ?best index stations,? but will not overwrite stations already in the file. A knowledgeable user should delete unsuitable index stations from this file based on standard error of estimate, hydrologic similarity of candidate index stations to the review station, and knowledge of the individual station characteristics. Also, the user can add index stations not selected by HYDCOMP, if desired.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nOnce the file of best-index stations is created, a user may do hydrographic comparison and data estimates by entering the number of the review station, selecting an index station, and specifying the periods to be used for regression and plotting. For example, the user can restrict the regression to ice-free periods of the year to exclude flows estimated during iced conditions. However, the regression could still be used to estimate flow during iced conditions.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nHYDCOMP produces the standard error of estimate as a measure of the central scatter of the regression and R-square (coefficient of determination) for evaluating the accuracy of the regression. Output from HYDCOMP includes plots of percent residuals against (1) time within the regression and plot periods, (2) month and day of the year for evaluating seasonal bias in the regression, and (3) the magnitude of flow. For hydrographic comparisons, it plots 2-month segments of hydrographs over the selected plot period showing the observed flows, the regressed flows, the 95 percent confidence limit flows, flow measurements, and regression limits. If the observed flows at the review station remain outside the 95 percent confidence limits for a prolonged period, there may be some error in the flows at the review station or at the index station(s). In addition, daily minimum and maximum temperatures and daily rainfall are shown on the hydrographs, if available, to help indicate whether an apparent change in flow may result from rainfall or from changes in backwater from melting ice or freezing water.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nHYDCOMP statistically smooths estimated flows from non-missing flows at the edges of the gaps in data into regressed flows at the center of the gaps using the Kalman smoothing algorithm. Missing flows are automatically estimated by HYDCOMP, but the user also can specify that periods of erroneous, but nonmissing flows, be estimated by the program.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02286","usgsCitation":"Sanders, C., 2002, Daily values flow comparison and estimates using program HYCOMP, version 1.0 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-286, iv, 52 p. : col. ill. ; 28 cm.; 4 refs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02286.","productDescription":"iv, 52 p. : col. ill. ; 28 cm.; 4 refs","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4317,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr02286/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e86a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanders, Curtis L.","contributorId":94734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanders","given":"Curtis L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":50505,"text":"ofr02288 - 2002 - Barrier island elevations relevant to potential storm impacts: 2, South Atlantic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-12T19:07:06.957123","indexId":"ofr02288","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-288","title":"Barrier island elevations relevant to potential storm impacts: 2, South Atlantic","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02288","usgsCitation":"Elko, N.A., Sallenger, Guy, K.K., and Morgan, K., 2002, Barrier island elevations relevant to potential storm impacts: 2, South Atlantic: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-288, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02288.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410288,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52810.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":86330,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0288/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":176757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0288/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"South Atlantic","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.5,\n              25.6167\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.4583,\n              25.6167\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.4583,\n              36.5833\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5,\n              36.5833\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5,\n              25.6167\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649508","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elko, Nicole A.","contributorId":50960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elko","given":"Nicole","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sallenger, Jr.","contributorId":105768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guy, Kristy K. kguy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"Kristy","email":"kguy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":241632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morgan, Karen L.M. 0000-0002-2994-5572","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2994-5572","contributorId":95553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Karen L.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":50486,"text":"ofr0289 - 2002 - U.S. Geological Survey artificial recharge workshop proceedings, April 2-4, 2002, Sacramento, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-18T12:56:16.766953","indexId":"ofr0289","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-89","title":"U.S. Geological Survey artificial recharge workshop proceedings, April 2-4, 2002, Sacramento, California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0289","usgsCitation":"Aiken, G.R., and Kuniansky, E.L., 2002, U.S. Geological Survey artificial recharge workshop proceedings, April 2-4, 2002, Sacramento, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-89, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0289.","productDescription":"88 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4295,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/ogw/pubs/ofr0289/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":178350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db612d8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuniansky, Eve L. 0000-0002-5581-0225 elkunian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-0225","contributorId":932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"Eve","email":"elkunian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":44009,"text":"ofr02356 - 2002 - Water use in Wisconsin, 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-14T12:51:19","indexId":"ofr02356","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-356","title":"Water use in Wisconsin, 2000","docAbstract":"<p>As part of the National Water-Use Information Program, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stores water-use data in standardized format for different catego ries of water use. Information about amounts of water withdrawn, sources of wa ter, how the water was used, and how much water was returned is available to those involved in establishing water-resource policy and to those managing water resources. In 1978, the USGS entered into a cooperative program with the Wisconsin De partment of Natural Resources (WDNR) to inventory water use in Wisconsin. Since that time, four reports summarizing water use have been published (Law rence and Ellefson, 1982; Ellefson and others, 1987; Ellefson and others, 1993; Ellefson and others, 1997). Ellefson and others (1997) present 1995 water-use data in a map and graph format. Because water use changes with time, an update report is periodically required. This report presents 2000 data in the same format as the 1997 report.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02356","usgsCitation":"Ellefson, B., Mueller, C., and Buchwald, C., 2002, Water use in Wisconsin, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-356, 1 Sheet: 36.00 x 27.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02356.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 36.00 x 27.00 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":169311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3767,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://wi.water.usgs.gov/pubs/ofr-02-356/ofr-02-356.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":44928,"text":"wri024273 - 2002 - Ground-water availability in part of the Borough of Carroll Valley, Adams County, Pennsylvania, and the establishment of a drought-monitor well","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-21T11:42:55","indexId":"wri024273","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4273","title":"Ground-water availability in part of the Borough of Carroll Valley, Adams County, Pennsylvania, and the establishment of a drought-monitor well","docAbstract":"Continued population growth in the Borough of Carroll Valley (Borough) coupled with the drought of 2001 have increased the demand for ground water in the Borough. This demand has led Borough officials to undertake an effort to evaluate the capability of the crystalline-bedrock aquifers to meet future, projected growth and to establish a drought-monitor well within and for the use of the Borough. As part of this effort, this report summarizes ground-water data available from selected sections within the Borough and provides geohydrologic information needed to evaluate ground-water availability and recharge sources within part of the Borough.\r\nThe availability of ground water in the Borough is limited by the physical characteristics of the underlying bedrock, and its upland topographic setting. The crystalline rocks (metabasalt, metarhyolite, greenstone schist) that underlie most of the study area are among the lowest yielding aquifers in the Commonwealth. More than 25 percent of the wells drilled in the metabasalt, the largest bedrock aquifer in the study area, have driller reported yields less than 1.25 gallons per minute. Driller reports indicate also that water-producing zones are shallow and few in number. In general, 50 percent of the water-producing zones reported by drillers are penetrated at depths of 200 feet or less and 90 percent at depths of 370 feet or less. Borehole geophysical data indicate that most of the water-producing zones are at lithologic contacts, but such contacts are penetrated infrequently and commonly do not intersect areas of ground-water recharge. Single-well aquifer tests and slug tests indicate that the bedrock aquifers also do not readily transmit large amounts of water. The median hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity of the bedrock aquifers are 0.01 foot per dayand 2.75 feet squared per day, respectively.\r\nThe crystalline and siliciclastic (Weverton and Loudoun Formations) bedrock aquifers are moderately to highly resistant to weathering, resulting in topographic highs coupled with steep, narrow valleys. This rugged topography results in extensive surface runoff, which limits infiltration and hence recharge to the shallow and deep ground-water systems. Streams that flow through the study area generally are small and ephemeral. Where perennial, the streams represent areas of ground-water discharge.\r\nThickness of the overlying mantle (regolith or depth to bedrock) varies from 0 to more than 65 feet over short distances. In general, a thick regolith will store and transmit large quantities of water to the underlying bedrock aquifers. In the study area, however, there is no correlation between thick regolith and greater reported yields. Thus, it appears that the hydraulic connection between water-bearing fractures at depth and ground water stored in the regolith is poor, which further limits ground-water availability.\r\nRecharge to the bedrock aquifers from the approximately 46 inches of annual precipitation aver-ages about 13 inches per year, or 975 gallons per day per acre. During drought years, however, this recharge rate may average only 9 inches per year [675 gallons per day per acre]. Decreased recharge to the bedrock aquifers results in declining water levels and possibly dry wells, as well as reduced flows to streams and other surface-water bodies. Although the consumptive use of ground water by homeowners is minor (about 14 percent), the pumping of a well will change the natural flow paths of ground water and reduce the amount of water stored (at least temporarily) in the bedrock aquifers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024273","usgsCitation":"Low, D.J., and Conger, R.W., 2002, Ground-water availability in part of the Borough of Carroll Valley, Adams County, Pennsylvania, and the establishment of a drought-monitor well: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4273, vii, 78 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024273.","productDescription":"vii, 78 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2002_4273.jpg"},{"id":14547,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4273/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d381","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Low, Dennis J. djlow@usgs.gov","contributorId":3450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Low","given":"Dennis","email":"djlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conger, Randall W. rwconger@usgs.gov","contributorId":2086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conger","given":"Randall","email":"rwconger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":50342,"text":"ofr00341 - 2002 - Joint Israeli-Palestinian gravity survey in the Dead Sea Rift valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:02:46","indexId":"ofr00341","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-341","title":"Joint Israeli-Palestinian gravity survey in the Dead Sea Rift valley","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr00341","usgsCitation":"Rybakov, M., El-Kelani, R., and ten Brink, U., 2002, Joint Israeli-Palestinian gravity survey in the Dead Sea Rift valley: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-341, 4 leaves, 5 leaves of plates : ill., maps (some col.) ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00341.","productDescription":"4 leaves, 5 leaves of plates : ill., maps (some col.) ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0341/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86313,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0341/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adedd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rybakov, Michael","contributorId":27102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybakov","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"El-Kelani, R.","contributorId":43420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"El-Kelani","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":241243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70206827,"text":"70206827 - 2002 - Redhead: Aythya americana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-25T06:31:30","indexId":"70206827","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-31T17:35:17","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"displayTitle":"Redhead: <i>Aythya americana</i>","title":"Redhead: Aythya americana","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Birds of North America, Inc.","usgsCitation":"Woodin, M.C., and Michot, T.C., 2002, Redhead: Aythya americana, 40 p.","productDescription":"40 p.","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369510,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodin, Marc C.","contributorId":56316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodin","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michot, Thomas C. 0000-0002-7044-987X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-987X","contributorId":57935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michot","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70206347,"text":"70206347 - 2002 - Detection and mapping of fractures and cavities using borehole radar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-31T06:52:01","indexId":"70206347","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-31T17:12:10","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Detection and mapping of fractures and cavities using borehole radar","docAbstract":"<p class=\"basictext\">Borehole radar can be used in a single-hole reflection mode or in a cross-hole tomography mode. In the reflection mode, radar provides an image of discontinuities in the bedrock surrounding a borehole, including bedding planes, lithologic contacts, fractures, and cavities. The measurements are either directional or omni-directional, depending upon the type of equipment and antennas. In the tomography mode, where the transmitter and receiver are in separate boreholes, radar provides an image of the planar section between the boreholes. The radius of investigation depends on the antenna frequency and the electrical conductivity of the bedrock. For a central frequency of 100 megahertz, in the reflection mode the ranges are typically 10 to 40 meters in resistive solid rock and less than 5 meters in conductive, clay-rich, or silty rock.</p><p class=\"basictext\">Single-hole and cross-hole radar also have been used for water-supply investigations in the northeast-ern United States. Borehole radar was used to investigate crystalline bedrock in two rapidly developing com-munities that rely on water resources in the bedrock. The surveys were conducted and interpreted along with data from other borehole geophysical tools. The borehole radar surveys were used to identify the location and orientation of reflectors, locate the primary pathways of flow to the supply wells, and identify aquifer character-istics that may be useful in siting a production well and protecting high-yielding wells in crystalline rocks.</p><p class=\"basictext\">Borehole radar has been used to investigate fractures, cavities, and lithologic changes at several sites in Europe. The radar data has been interpreted in conjuction with the results of modeling of borehole-radar re-sponse. At the Grimsel nuclear waste laboratory in Switzerland, single-hole reflection and tomography methods were used to characterize the rock in inclined boreholes. At numerous geotechnical sites in Belgium, France, and the Netherlands, borehole radar has been used to characterize the rock and identify fractures and cavities.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings: Fractured Rock 2002","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Fractured Rock 2002","conferenceDate":"March 13-15, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Denver, OH","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","usgsCitation":"Haeni, F., Halleux, L., Johnson, C.D., and Lane, J., 2002, Detection and mapping of fractures and cavities using borehole radar, <i>in</i> Proceedings: Fractured Rock 2002, Denver, OH, March 13-15, 2002, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368777,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":368776,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/ogw/bgas/publications/FracRock02_haeni/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halleux, Lucien","contributorId":220131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Halleux","given":"Lucien","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578 cjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":1891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole","email":"cjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":210076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John W.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70206343,"text":"70206343 - 2002 - Use of vertical-radar profiling to estimate porosity at two New England sites and comparison with neutron log porosity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T18:10:43.409424","indexId":"70206343","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-31T16:18:21","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of vertical-radar profiling to estimate porosity at two New England sites and comparison with neutron log porosity","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings: Symposium on the application of geophysics to engineering and environmental problems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems","conferenceDate":"February 10-14, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society","doi":"10.4133/1.2927127","usgsCitation":"Buursink, M.L., Lane, J., Clement, W., and Knoll, M.D., 2002, Use of vertical-radar profiling to estimate porosity at two New England sites and comparison with neutron log porosity, <i>in</i> Proceedings: Symposium on the application of geophysics to engineering and environmental problems, Las Vegas, NV, February 10-14, 2002, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.4133/1.2927127.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368770,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Haddam Meadows State Park, Massachusetts Military Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.58544158935547,\n              41.66803916450639\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.50029754638672,\n              41.66803916450639\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.50029754638672,\n              41.774896327485244\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.58544158935547,\n              41.774896327485244\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.58544158935547,\n              41.66803916450639\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.53105163574219,\n              41.47051539294297\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.49500274658203,\n              41.47051539294297\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.49500274658203,\n              41.49623534616764\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.53105163574219,\n              41.49623534616764\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.53105163574219,\n              41.47051539294297\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buursink, Marc L. 0000-0001-6491-386X mbuursink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6491-386X","contributorId":3362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buursink","given":"Marc","email":"mbuursink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":210076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John W.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clement, W.P.","contributorId":42791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clement","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knoll, Michael D.","contributorId":195370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knoll","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70207658,"text":"70207658 - 2002 - Managing agricultural wetlands for waterbirds in the coastal regions of Louisiana, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-02T16:25:45","indexId":"70207658","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-31T16:12:16","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Managing agricultural wetlands for waterbirds in the coastal regions of Louisiana, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p><span>Rice and/or crawfish are cultivated in over 225,000 ha of shallow earthen impoundments within 160 km of the Gulf of Mexico along the coast of Louisiana. The region includes both the Gulf Coastal Plain and Prairie and the Lower Mississippi River Valley. Annual loss of 4,475 ha of coastal wetlands in Louisiana due to subsidence, erosion, and rising sea level has significantly reduced desirable freshwater habitat in the region. The suite of resident, migrant, breeding, and wintering waterbirds depending on this region includes grebes, pelicans, cormorants, anhingas, wading birds, waterfowl, coots, rails, gallinules, shorebirds, gulls, terns, and kingfishers. These taxa utilize the artificial freshwater wetland habitat provided by the agricultural wetlands. Numerous other birds utilize riparian areas associated with these artificial wetlands. Crawfish ponds are especially valuable cool season habitat for predaceous waterbirds because they provide shallow water systems rich in invertebrate and small vertebrate prey during the period from mid-autumn through mid-spring when most rice fields are drained. Because most crawfish ponds are not drained until late spring or early summer, predictable, food-rich, shallow water waterbird habitat is available throughout the region when rice fields are being cultivated for rice production. Incorporation of crawfish management into government-sponsored land conservation programs should encourage land owners to sustain standing water habitat outside of program mandated fill/drain requirements. Farmers could adjust the times when their impoundments are filled or drained to maximize benefits to many species, especially migrating shorebirds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","usgsCitation":"Huner, J., Jeske, C.W., and Norling, W., 2002, Managing agricultural wetlands for waterbirds in the coastal regions of Louisiana, U.S.A.: Waterbirds, v. 25, no. 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,{"id":70221813,"text":"70221813 - 2002 - Platinum-group element mineralization in the Stillwater Complex, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-07T21:04:00.486778","indexId":"70221813","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-31T15:50:48","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Platinum-group element mineralization in the Stillwater Complex, Montana","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The geology, geochemistry, mineralogy and mineral beneficiation of platinum-group elements","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy","usgsCitation":"Zientek, M.L., Cooper, R.W., Corson, S.R., and Geraghty, E.P., 2002, Platinum-group element mineralization in the Stillwater Complex, Montana, chap. <i>of</i> The geology, geochemistry, mineralogy and mineral beneficiation of platinum-group elements, v. 54, p. 459-481.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"459","endPage":"481","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387012,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Stillwater complex","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.56640625,\n              45.01530198999212\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.423828125,\n              45.01530198999212\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.423828125,\n              45.52270606936925\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.56640625,\n              45.52270606936925\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.56640625,\n              45.01530198999212\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"54","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zientek, Michael L. 0000-0002-8522-9626 mzientek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-9626","contributorId":2420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zientek","given":"Michael","email":"mzientek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, Roger W.","contributorId":44546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corson, Sam R.","contributorId":260808,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corson","given":"Sam","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geraghty, E. P.","contributorId":83283,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geraghty","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70204236,"text":"70204236 - 2002 - Water depth tolerances of dominant tree island species: What do we know?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-15T14:53:04","indexId":"70204236","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-31T14:48:15","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"title":"Water depth tolerances of dominant tree island species: What do we know?","docAbstract":"<p><span>Common woody species growing on tree islands in the Water Conservation Areas of South Florida include redbay, sweetbay, coastal-plain willow, wax myrtle, dahoon holly, cocoplum, pond-apple, red maple, cypress, gumbo-limbo, strangler fig and buttonbush. Very little is known about the flooding tolerance of most of these species. In this paper, we review flooding impact studies, describe the most common species and discuss two methods that might be used to examine woody plant growth response to water level fluctuations. Although tree coring has been used effectively in many areas, the general lack of discernible rings and poor quality rings observed in these species makes this method of questionable use. Dendrometer bands, however, work well in any environment with any species and are recommended for further studies on tree islands.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tree islands of the Everglades","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/978-94-009-0001-1","usgsCitation":"Conner, W.H., Doyle, T.W., and Mason, D., 2002, Water depth tolerances of dominant tree island species: What do we know?, chap. <i>of</i> Tree islands of the Everglades, p. 207-223, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0001-1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"223","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365546,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conner, William H.","contributorId":79376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conner","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":7084,"text":"Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doyle, Thomas W. 0000-0001-5754-0671 doylet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-0671","contributorId":703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"Thomas","email":"doylet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mason, Daniel","contributorId":108035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70207939,"text":"70207939 - 2002 - Intertidal zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-20T14:37:29","indexId":"70207939","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-31T14:34:57","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Intertidal zones","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of global environmental change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Burkett, V., 2002, Intertidal zones, chap. <i>of</i> Encyclopedia of global environmental change, v. 2, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371391,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkett, Virginia 0000-0003-4746-2862 virginia_burkett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4746-2862","contributorId":2867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkett","given":"Virginia","email":"virginia_burkett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70208260,"text":"70208260 - 2002 - Mangrove ecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-31T13:45:31","indexId":"70208260","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-31T13:39:48","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"1","title":"Mangrove ecology","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oil spills in mangroves: Planning & response considerations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"NOAA Ocean Service","usgsCitation":"Hensel, P., Proffitt, E., and Delgado, P., 2002, Mangrove ecology, chap. 1 <i>of</i> Oil spills in mangroves: Planning & response considerations, p. 9-21.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"21","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371829,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hensel, Philippe","contributorId":26009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensel","given":"Philippe","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Proffitt, E.","contributorId":36758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Proffitt","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Delgado, P.","contributorId":221620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delgado","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70201234,"text":"70201234 - 2002 - Issues in characterizing phenology from satellite observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-13T10:05:35","indexId":"70201234","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-31T13:38:17","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Issues in characterizing phenology from satellite observations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Over the past decade, many investigators have published techniques for deriving phenological parameters, especially the start of the growing season (SOS), from time-series satellite imagery. The principal satellite sensor for these studies is the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR). This study investigates the characteristics of four of the primary methods for identifying SOS; maximum curvature, delayed moving average, time of greatest NDVI increase and time of half-maximum NDVI. Comparisons between the methods illustrate biases for earlier or later SOS in the various methods and a relatively low statistical relationship among all four methods (r</span><sup>2</sup><span>=.10 to .35). Our analysis indicates that each of the methods is detecting fundamentally different stages of the start of season. These stages include snow melt, initial growth of herbaceous plants and understory, and first leaf; each of which is important in determining differences in land/atmosphere interactions. Users of these types of datasets need to be aware of the different environmental conditions being measured by the various approaches and use careful judgment in selecting the proper method.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Use of Earth Observation Data for Phenological Monitoring, Ispra, Italy, 2–13 December 2002, Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"15th Conf. on Biometeorology/Aerobiology and 16th International Congress of Biometeorology","conferenceDate":"December 2-13, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Ispra, Italy","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Reed, B., and Brown, J., 2002, Issues in characterizing phenology from satellite observations, <i>in</i> Use of Earth Observation Data for Phenological Monitoring, Ispra, Italy, 2–13 December 2002, Proceedings, Ispra, Italy, December 2-13, 2002, p. 23-26.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"26","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360055,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":360054,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ams.confex.com/ams/15BioAero/techprogram/paper_49501.htm"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c0b957ee4b0c53ecb2aca8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, B. C. 0000-0002-1132-7178","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":55594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"B. C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":753354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, J.F. 0000-0002-9976-1998","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":31006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":753355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70208250,"text":"70208250 - 2002 - The development of a decision support system for prioritizing forested wetland restoration areas in the lower Yazoo River basin, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-31T13:35:18","indexId":"70208250","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-31T13:17:11","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The development of a decision support system for prioritizing forested wetland restoration areas in the lower Yazoo River basin, Mississippi","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of a conference on sustainability of wetlands and water resources: How well can riverine wetlands continue to support society into the 21st century?","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"How Well Can Riverine Wetlands Continue to Support Society into the 21st Century?","conferenceDate":"May 23-26, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Oxford, MS","language":"English","publisher":"USDA Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Davis, A.A., Kleiss, B., O'Hara, C., and Derby, J.S., 2002, The development of a decision support system for prioritizing forested wetland restoration areas in the lower Yazoo River basin, Mississippi, chap. <i>of</i> Proceedings of a conference on sustainability of wetlands and water resources: How well can riverine wetlands continue to support society into the 21st century?, p. 47-56.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"56","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371826,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":371824,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/gtr/gtr_srs050/gtr_srs050-davis01.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"lower Yazoo River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.87890625,\n              32.30570601389429\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3131103515625,\n              32.588477769459146\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.835205078125,\n              33.417687357334934\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.857177734375,\n              33.63291573870479\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.2030029296875,\n              33.59174327144985\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.1810302734375,\n              33.06852769197118\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.131591796875,\n              32.523657815699146\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.87890625,\n              32.30570601389429\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Angela A.","contributorId":22001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Angela","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kleiss, Barbara A.","contributorId":87536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleiss","given":"Barbara A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Hara, Charles G.","contributorId":83911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Hara","given":"Charles G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Derby, Jennifer S.","contributorId":222092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Derby","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70205408,"text":"70205408 - 2002 - Historical trend in ice thickness on the Piscataquis River in central Maine.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-19T11:28:00","indexId":"70205408","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-31T12:50:11","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Historical trend in ice thickness on the Piscataquis River in central Maine.","docAbstract":"<p>We analyzed a long-term record of ice thickness on the Piscataquis River in central Maine to&nbsp;determine whether there were temporal trends that were associated with climate warming. Trends&nbsp;in ice thickness were compared and correlated with regional time series of winter air temperature,&nbsp;heating degree days (HDD) , date of river ice-out, seasonal center-of-volume date (SCVD) (date&nbsp;on which half of the stream runoff volume during the period 1 Jan and 31 May has occurred),&nbsp;water temperature, and lake ice-out date. All of these variables except lake ice-out date showed&nbsp;significant temporal trends during the 20<sup>th</sup> century. Average ice thickness around 28 Feb.&nbsp;decreased by about 23 cm from 1912 to 2001. Over the period 1900 to 1999, winter air&nbsp;temperature increased by 1.7 ˚C and HDD decreased by about 7.5%. Final ice-out date on the&nbsp;Piscataquis River occurred earlier (advanced), by 0.23 days yr<sup>–1</sup> over the period 1931 to 2002. The&nbsp;SCVD advanced by 0.11 days yr<sup>–1</sup> over the period 1903 to 2001. Ice thickness was significantly&nbsp;correlated with winter air temperature, HDD, river ice-out, and SCVD (P-value &lt; 0.01). These&nbsp;systematic temporal trends in multiple hydrologic indicator variables indicate a coherent response&nbsp;to climate forcing. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings  of the 59th Eastern Snow Conference, June 5-7, 2002, Stowe, VT","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Army Corps of Engineers","isbn":"9780920081242","usgsCitation":"Huntington, T.G., Dudley, R.W., and Hodgkins, G.A., 2002, Historical trend in ice thickness on the Piscataquis River in central Maine., <i>in</i> Proceedings  of the 59th Eastern Snow Conference, June 5-7, 2002, Stowe, VT, p. 299-312.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"312","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367484,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":367544,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.easternsnow.org/esc-2002"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Piscataquis River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":1884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hodgkins, Glenn A. 0000-0002-4916-5565 gahodgki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-5565","contributorId":2020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Glenn","email":"gahodgki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70209291,"text":"70209291 - 2002 - SHRIMP and Conventional UPb ages of Ordovician granites and tonalites in the central Appalachian Piedmont: Implications for Paleozoic tectonic events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T12:05:25","indexId":"70209291","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-31T11:58:47","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"SHRIMP and Conventional UPb ages of Ordovician granites and tonalites in the central Appalachian Piedmont: Implications for Paleozoic tectonic events","docAbstract":"<p><span>Discordant Cambrian U-Pb ages of questionable reliability for metamor-phosed plutonic rocks in the central Appalachian Piedmont of northern Virginia, Maryland, and the District of Columbia have led to different regional geologic interpretations and controversies. In this study, we use the sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) for dating 25-m diameter areas on individual zircons from Piedmont granitoids in an effort to resolve previous controversial ages. Cathodoluminescence images of zoning within the zircons are used to select pristine areas of cores and overgrowths for dating and to help interpret the results. For comparison, hand-picked fractions of zircons from most of the samples were also dated by the conventional isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) U-Pb method. The combined SHRIMP and TIMS results of this study demonstrate that the Dale City Quartz Monzonite, Norbeck Intrusive Suite, Kensington Tonalite, Goldvein pluton, Lake Jackson pluton, Falls Church Intrusive Suite, Occoquan Granite (main batholith and satellite Bull Run Marina pluton), Georgetown Intrusive Suite, Dalecarlia Intrusive Suite, and related granitoids are parts of an extensive Early to Middle Ordovician magmatic arc. Emplacement of these plutons from about 485 to 450 Ma generally was contemporaneous with major regional deformation and metamorphism, called the Taconic orogeny in rocks of the northern Appalachians. The Ordovician ages supersede most of the discordant Cambrian(?) to Neoproterozoic dates that previously suggested a Potomac or Penobscot orogeny in Piedmont rocks of the Potomac Valley, raising questions about the nature and timing of that event. The Devonian Guilford Granite crosscuts all structures, providing a minimum age for these Paleozoic events.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.2475/ajs.302.1.50","usgsCitation":"Aleinikoff, J.N., Horton,, J., and Drake, A., 2002, SHRIMP and Conventional UPb ages of Ordovician granites and tonalites in the central Appalachian Piedmont: Implications for Paleozoic tectonic events: American Journal of Science, v. 302, no. 1, p. 50-75, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.302.1.50.","productDescription":"26 p. ","startPage":"50","endPage":"75","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.302.1.50","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":373599,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States ","state":"Virginia, Maryland","city":"Washington D.C. ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.3984375,\n              38.238180119798635\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.91552734375,\n              38.238180119798635\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.91552734375,\n              39.58875727696545\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.3984375,\n              39.58875727696545\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.3984375,\n              38.238180119798635\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"302","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horton,, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":219824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton,","given":"J. Wright","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drake, Avery Ala","contributorId":65460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"Avery Ala","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70231712,"text":"70231712 - 2002 - Evaluating the performance of a crop water balance model in estimating regional crop production","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-23T16:49:47.854077","indexId":"70231712","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-31T11:44:25","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluating the performance of a crop water balance model in estimating regional crop production","docAbstract":"<p>The comparison between a spatially distributed crop index and reported yield was evaluated. The crop index was generated by a crop water balance model that simulates the reduction of crop yield (as a percentage of the potential) due to water deficit. This model is currently operational as a monitoring and forecasting tool for region-wide food security analyses in drought prone countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. </p><p>The most important input parameters of the model are Africa-wide satellite-based rainfall estimate images and spatially distributed potential evapotranspiration images calculated from 6-hourly numerical weather model data. District level crop yield data from Ethiopia were used to evaluate the performance of the model. Historical sorghum yield data from 1996-1999 were used to evaluate the performance of a seasonal water requirement satisfaction index (WRSI) for sorghum. WRSI values and reported district yield data were significantly correlated. The WRSI model was particularly successful in capturing the response of the crop during a relatively dry year. In districts that never experienced water deficit during the study period, it was possible to infer the magnitude of yield variability that was caused by factors other than water supply. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"ISPRS archives – Volume XXXIV part 1, 2002","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"ISPRS Commission: Mid-Term Symposium in conjunction with Pecora 15/Land Satellite Information IV Conference Integrated Remote Sensing at the Global, Regional and Local Scale","conferenceDate":"Nov 10-15, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","publisher":"ISPRS","usgsCitation":"Senay, G.B., and Verdin, J., 2002, Evaluating the performance of a crop water balance model in estimating regional crop production, <i>in</i> ISPRS archives – Volume XXXIV part 1, 2002, Denver, CO, Nov 10-15, 2002, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400902,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400901,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.isprs.org/proceedings/xxxiv/part1/"}],"country":"Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Uganda","otherGeospatial":"Sub-Saharan Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              27.861328125,\n              -0.3515602939922709\n            ],\n            [\n              33.83789062499999,\n              0.615222552406841\n            ],\n            [\n              39.0234375,\n              2.0210651187669897\n            ],\n            [\n              44.033203125,\n              6.664607562172573\n            ],\n            [\n              47.197265625,\n              9.188870084473406\n            ],\n            [\n              39.287109375,\n              16.636191878397664\n            ],\n            [\n              38.583984375,\n              17.308687886770034\n            ],\n            [\n              21.09375,\n              15.623036831528264\n            ],\n            [\n              21.884765625,\n              5.965753671065536\n            ],\n            [\n              27.861328125,\n              -0.3515602939922709\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verdin, James 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":145830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70227067,"text":"70227067 - 2002 - Coal waste impoundments: Risks, responses and alternatives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-28T17:58:35.864484","indexId":"70227067","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-31T11:38:22","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Coal waste impoundments: Risks, responses and alternatives","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Academies Press","doi":"10.17226/10212","usgsCitation":"Committee on Coal Waste Impoundments, Orr, F.M., Davis, G.A., Filas, B.A., Henry, C., Morgenstern, N.R., Newman, D., Ramani, R.V., Schuster, R.L., Singh, M.M., Steeples, D.W., Strachan, C.L., Sweigard, R.J., Tisdale, J., and Wunsch, D.R., 2002, Coal waste impoundments: Risks, responses and alternatives, xii, 230 p., https://doi.org/10.17226/10212.","productDescription":"xii, 230 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393528,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Committee on Coal Waste Impoundments","contributorId":270499,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Committee on Coal Waste Impoundments","id":829483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orr, F. M. Jr.","contributorId":107047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, Gary A.","contributorId":270500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Filas, Barbara A.","contributorId":270501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Filas","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Henry, C. David","contributorId":270502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henry","given":"C. David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morgenstern, Norbert R.","contributorId":270503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgenstern","given":"Norbert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Newman, David A.","contributorId":270504,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newman","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ramani, Raja V.","contributorId":112483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramani","given":"Raja","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schuster, Robert L.","contributorId":19162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Singh, Madan M.","contributorId":270505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singh","given":"Madan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Steeples, Don W.","contributorId":19295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steeples","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Strachan, Clinton L.","contributorId":270506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strachan","given":"Clinton","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Sweigard, Richard J.","contributorId":270507,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sweigard","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Tisdale, Jack","contributorId":270508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tisdale","given":"Jack","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Wunsch, David R.","contributorId":32122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wunsch","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70217738,"text":"70217738 - 2002 - Geologic information for aggregate resource planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-29T17:41:23.384446","indexId":"70217738","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-31T11:36:55","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geologic information for aggregate resource planning","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">Construction and maintenance of the infrastructure is dependent on such raw materials as aggregate (crushed stone, sand, and gravel). Despite this dependence, urban expansion often works to the detriment of the production of those essential raw materials. The failure to plan for the protection and extraction of aggregate resources often results in increased consumer cost, environmental damage, and an adversarial relation between the aggregate industry and the community.</p><p class=\"Para\">As an area grows, the demand for aggregate resources increases, and industries that produce these materials are established. Aggregate is a low-cost commodity, and to keep hauling costs at a minimum, the operations are located as close to the market as possible. As metropolitan areas grow, they encroach upon established aggregate operations. New residents in the vicinity of pits and quarries object to the noise, dust, and truck traffic associated with the aggregate operation. Pressure is applied to the local government to limit operation hours and truck traffic.</p><p class=\"Para\">In addition to encroaching on established aggregate operations, urban growth commonly covers unmined aggregate resources. Frequently urban growth occurs without any consideration of the resource or an analysis of the impact of its loss. The old idea that aggregate resources can be found anywhere is false. New aggregate operations may have to be located long distances from the markets. The additional expense of the longer transport of resources must be passed on to consumers in the community. In many instances, the new deposit is of inferior quality compared with the original source, yet it is used to avoid the expense of importing high-quality material from a more-distant source.</p><p class=\"Para\">Some governmental, including city, provincial or state, and national, agencies, have enacted regulations to help maintain access to prime aggregate resources. Although regulations have met with variable success, some policy or regulation to protect aggregate resources is worth consideration.</p><p class=\"Para\">A basic requirement of any aggregate resource policy or regulation is the knowledge of the geographic distribution, volumes, and quality of aggregate resources. This knowledge commonly is obtained through geologic mapping and characterization of aggregate resources. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Decision Support Systems (DSS) provide excellent tools to help present and evaluate the information in a manner that is understandable by public decisionmakers.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deposit and geoenvironmental models for resource exploitation and environmental security","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/978-94-010-0303-2_7","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., Lindsey, D.A., and Knepper, D.H., 2002, Geologic information for aggregate resource planning, chap. <i>of</i> Deposit and geoenvironmental models for resource exploitation and environmental security, v. 80, p. 135-149, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0303-2_7.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"149","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382817,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, William H. blanger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"William","email":"blanger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":809430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindsey, David A. 0000-0002-9466-0899 dlindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-0899","contributorId":773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"David","email":"dlindsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knepper, Daniel H. dknepper@usgs.gov","contributorId":1242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knepper","given":"Daniel","email":"dknepper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":809432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70242833,"text":"70242833 - 2002 - Late Miocene and early Pliocene biosiliceous sedimentation along the California margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-19T16:38:04.152237","indexId":"70242833","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-31T11:32:15","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3289,"text":"Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas","onlineIssn":"2007-2902","printIssn":"1026-8774","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Miocene and early Pliocene biosiliceous sedimentation along the California margin","docAbstract":"<p><span>Biogenic opal sedimentation is compared between offshore and onshore areas of the California margin during the late middle Miocene, the late Miocene, and the early Pliocene. The records from offshore ODP Sites 1010 and 1021 have declining opal abundance, with a dramatic three-fold decline at about 11.5 Ma and a second, less pronounced drop occurring at about 7.6 Ma. Thick stratigraphic sections of diatomaceous sediments dated between 11.5 and 10.0 Ma and between 7.6 and 6.5 Ma are found onshore in California, whereas coeval intervals in offshore deep sea sites display relatively low opal percentages. This suggests that during periods of reduced strength in the California Current, diatom production declined in offshore areas while it increased in more coastal regions. The early Pliocene and early part of the late Pliocene (4.6 to ca. 2.7 Ma) are marked by the near absence of diatoms in offshore sites, while diatoms are masked by clastic components in onshore sections. Diatom production was greatly reduced along the California margin during this climatically warm period of the Pliocene at the same time that production dramatically increased in the subarctic northwest Pacific, suggesting fractionation of opal to higher latitudes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geología","usgsCitation":"Barron, J.A., Lyle, M., and Koizumi, I., 2002, Late Miocene and early Pliocene biosiliceous sedimentation along the California margin: Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, v. 19, no. 3, p. 161-169.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"169","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":416012,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://rmcg.geociencias.unam.mx/index.php/rmcg/article/view/962","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Baja California, California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.80805959426112,\n              22.913385640178902\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.21865745973662,\n              27.112343918403965\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.30256685144539,\n              28.775134233880323\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.8032274582267,\n              30.420627778294815\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.50543800342376,\n              32.95911164487342\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.0278698289051,\n              33.82351661253108\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.27619153838549,\n              34.6295444724699\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.84973278665456,\n              36.561757372412075\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.17357947910472,\n              37.236059693839564\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.11933799427894,\n              40.375199931165184\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.91941930427376,\n              39.512806216304\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.30330134574916,\n              31.045790844612753\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.73419510279606,\n              24.05106946312017\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.39106840307849,\n              20.85657586168672\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.80805959426112,\n              22.913385640178902\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyle, Mitchell","contributorId":99035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyle","given":"Mitchell","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koizumi, Itaru","contributorId":279870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koizumi","given":"Itaru","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16855,"text":"Hokkaido University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70203870,"text":"70203870 - 2002 - Estimating the potential for submergence for two wetlands in the Mississippi River Delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T11:38:40","indexId":"70203870","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-31T11:31:57","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the potential for submergence for two wetlands in the Mississippi River Delta","docAbstract":"<p><span>We used a combined field and modeling approach to estimate the potential for submergence for one rapidly deteriorating (Bayou Chitigue Marsh) and one apparently stable (Old Oyster Bayou Marsh) saltmarsh wetland in coastal Louisiana, given two eustatic sea level rise scenarios: the current rate (0.15 cm year</span><sup>−1</sup><span>); and the central value predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (48 cm by the year 2100). We also used the model to determine what processes were most critical for maintaining and influencing salt marsh elevation including, mineral matter deposition, organic matter production, shallow subsidence (organic matter decomposition + primary sediment compaction), deep subsidence, and sediment pulsing events (e.g., hurricanes). Eight years of field measurements from feldspar marker horizons and surface elevation tables revealed that the rates of vertical accretion at the Bayou Chitigue Marsh were high (2.26 (0.09) cm yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;(mean ± SE)) because the marsh exists at the lower end of the tidal range. The rate of shallow subsidence was also high (2.04 (0.1) cm yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>), resulting in little net elevation gain (0.22 (0.06) cm yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>). In contrast, vertical accretion at the Old Oyster Bayou Marsh, which is 10 cm higher in elevation, was 0.48 (0.09) cm yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. However, there was a net elevation gain of 0.36 (0.08) cm yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;because there was no significant shallow subsidence. When these rates of elevation gain were compared to rates of relative sea level rise (deep subsidence plus eustatic sea level rise), both sites showed a net elevation deficit although the Bayou Chitigue site was subsiding at approximately twice the rate of the Old Oyster Bayou site (1.1 cm yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;versus 0.49 cm yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;respectively). These field data were used to modify, initialize, and calibrate a previously published wetland soil development model that simulates primary production and mineral matter deposition as, feedback functions of elevation. Sensitivity analyses revealed that wetland elevation was most sensitive to changes in the rates of deep subsidence, a model forcing function that is difficult to measure in the field and for which estimates in the literature vary widely. The model also revealed that, given both the current rate of sea level rise and the central value estimate, surface elevation at both sites would fall below mean sea level over the next 100 years. Although these results were in agreement with the field study, they contradicted long term observations that the Old Oyster Bayou site has been in equilibrium with sea level for at least the past 50 years. Further simulations showed that the elevation at the Old Oyster Bayou site could keep pace with current rates of sea level rise if either a lower rate for deep subsidence was used as a forcing function, or if a periodic sediment pulsing function (e.g., from hurricanes) was programmed into the model.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02691346","usgsCitation":"Rybczyk, J., and Cahoon, D.R., 2002, Estimating the potential for submergence for two wetlands in the Mississippi River Delta: Estuaries, v. 25, no. 5, p. 985-998, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02691346.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"985","endPage":"998","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364777,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Bayou Chitigue, Mississippi river Delta Plain, Old Oyster Bayou","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.40625,\n              28.97450653430241\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.5548095703125,\n              28.97450653430241\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.5548095703125,\n              29.616445727622548\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.40625,\n              29.616445727622548\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.40625,\n              28.97450653430241\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rybczyk, J.M.","contributorId":41796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybczyk","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":764516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667 dcahoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":3791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"dcahoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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