Sizeable areas of the Southern African Region experienced widespread flooding in 2000. Deployment of hydrologic models can help reduce the human and economic losses in the regions by providing improved monitoring and forecast information to guide relief activities. In this study, we describe a hydrologic model developed for wide-area flood risk monitoring for the Southern African region. The model is forced by daily estimates of rainfall and evapotranspiration derived from remotely sensed data and assimilation fields. Model predictive skills were verified with data observed stream flow data from locations within the Limpopo basin. The model performed well in simulating the timing and magnitude of the stream flow during a recent episode of flooding in Mozambique in 2000.
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(Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":928183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huang, Chengquan 0000-0003-0055-9798","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0055-9798","contributorId":198972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huang","given":"Chengquan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7261,"text":"Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yang, Limin 0000-0002-2843-6944 lyang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-6944","contributorId":4305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Limin","email":"lyang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center 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The overall accuracies for the forest/nonforest classification were over 90 percent and about 80 percent, respectively, in the two regions. The accuracies for deciduous/evergreen/mixed and forest type group classifications were around 80 percent and 65 percent, respectively, and were consistent in the two regions. These results suggest that use of FIA plot data together with satellite imagery and relevant ancillary data may substantially improve the efficiency, accuracy, and consistency of large area forest land cover mapping.
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William","contributorId":65706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooke","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":915310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"McRoberts, Ronald","contributorId":345029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McRoberts","given":"Ronald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":915311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Wendt, Daniel","contributorId":345030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wendt","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":915312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Weyermann, Dale","contributorId":345031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weyermann","given":"Dale","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":915313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":70263763,"text":"70263763 - 2002 - The use of DEM and satellite data for regional scale databases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-21T16:25:11.918719","indexId":"70263763","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T10:17:45","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The use of DEM and satellite data for regional scale databases","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Confronting new realities in the 21st century","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"17th World Congress of Soil Science","conferenceDate":"August 14-21, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Washington D.C.","language":"English","publisher":"International Society of Soil Science","usgsCitation":"Dobos, E., Bliss, N.B., Worstell, B.B., Montanarella, L., Johannsen, C., and Micheli, E., 2002, The use of DEM and satellite data for regional scale databases, in Confronting new realities in the 21st century, v. 17, Washington D.C., August 14-21, 2002, 649, 12 p.","productDescription":"649, 12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482339,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dobos, Endre","contributorId":351214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dobos","given":"Endre","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":928177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bliss, Norman B. 0000-0003-2409-5211 bliss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-5211","contributorId":1921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"Norman","email":"bliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":928178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Worstell, Bruce B. 0000-0001-8927-3336 worstell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8927-3336","contributorId":1815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worstell","given":"Bruce","email":"worstell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":928179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Montanarella, Luca","contributorId":351215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montanarella","given":"Luca","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":928180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johannsen, Chris","contributorId":351216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johannsen","given":"Chris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":928181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Micheli, Erika","contributorId":351217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Micheli","given":"Erika","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":928182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70258388,"text":"70258388 - 2002 - Application of decision-tree techniques to forest group and basal area mapping using satellite imagery and forest inventory data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-16T15:17:17.792099","indexId":"70258388","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T10:13:38","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Application of decision-tree techniques to forest group and basal area mapping using satellite imagery and forest inventory data","docAbstract":"Accurate, current, and cost-effective fire fuel data are required by management and fire science communities for use in reducing wildland fire hazards over large areas. In this paper we present results of applying decision-tree techniques to mapping vegetation parameters (such as vegetation types and canopy structure classification) required for fire fuel characterization. Specifically, we present preliminary results of mapping forest types and average basal area by different forest types at 30-meter resolution. Input data into the decision tree model included Landsat-7 ETM+ spring, summer and fall greenness, brightness and wetness of the tasseled cap transformation, topographic data layers such as slope and elevation, and forest variables measured on inventory plots in the Mid-Atlantic region. Using decision-tree models, eight forest types were successfully identified in training cases and mapped for the entire mapping area. Forest basal area per unit area (conifer and deciduous) was estimated as well using regression tree models. Cross-validation conducted for both forest types and basal area showed that discrete forest type estimation error was 35% and continuous basal area relative errors were between 58 and 72%. Accuracy was higher in homogeneous forested lands and lower in areas with fragmented forest cover. The study demonstrated that decision tree and regression tree methods are efficient for large-area vegetation mapping if sufficient large-amount of reference data are available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Integrated remote sensing at the global, regional, and local scale","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"ISPRS","usgsCitation":"Xian, G.Z., Zhu, Z., Hoppus, M., and Fleming, M., 2002, Application of decision-tree techniques to forest group and basal area mapping using satellite imagery and forest inventory data, in Integrated remote sensing at the global, regional, and local scale, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":434777,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":434776,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXIV/part1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xian, George Z. 0000-0001-5674-2204 xian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2204","contributorId":2263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian","given":"George","email":"xian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":913154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhu, Zhiliang 0000-0002-6860-6936 zzhu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-6936","contributorId":150078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhiliang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":913155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoppus, Michael","contributorId":344203,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoppus","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":913156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleming, Michael","contributorId":11687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":913157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70243097,"text":"70243097 - 2002 - Plumes, or plate tectonic processes?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-28T13:51:11.2626","indexId":"70243097","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T08:48:18","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":916,"text":"Astronomy and Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plumes, or plate tectonic processes?","docAbstract":"Hotspots – large volcanic provinces – such as Iceland, Hawaii and Yellowstone, are almost universally assumed to come from plumes of hot mantle rising from deep within the Earth. At Iceland, perhaps the best-studied hotspot on Earth, this hypothesis is inconsistent with many first-order observations, such as the lack of high temperatures, a volcanic track or a seismic anomaly in the lower mantle. The great melt production there is explained better by enhanced fertility in the mantle where the mid-Atlantic spreading ridge crosses the Caledonian suture zone. The thick crust built by the excessive melt production encourages complex, unstable, leaky microplate tectonics, which provides positive feedback by enhancing volcanism further. Such a model explains Iceland as a natural consequence of relatively shallow processes related to plate tectonics, and accounts for all the first- and second-order geophysical, geological and geochemical observations at Iceland without special pleading or invoking coincidences.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1046/j.1468-4004.2002.43619.x","usgsCitation":"Foulger, G., 2002, Plumes, or plate tectonic processes?: Astronomy and Geophysics, v. 43, no. 6, p. 6.19-6.23, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-4004.2002.43619.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"6.19","endPage":"6.23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-4004.2002.43619.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":416494,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foulger, G.R.","contributorId":14439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foulger","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70258670,"text":"70258670 - 2002 - Geographic data for environmental modelling and assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-20T13:38:39.186486","indexId":"70258670","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T08:35:59","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"4","title":"Geographic data for environmental modelling and assessment","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental modelling with GIS and remote sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.4324/9780203302217","usgsCitation":"2002, Geographic data for environmental modelling and assessment, chap. 4 of Environmental modelling with GIS and remote sensing, p. 52-69, https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203302217.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"52","endPage":"69","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462124,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Skidmore, Andrew K","contributorId":147736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skidmore","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"K","affiliations":[{"id":16918,"text":"Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, The Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913617,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":45094,"text":"wri024209 - 2002 - Assessment of possible sources of microbiological contamination and water-quality characteristics of the Jacks Fork, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri — Phase II","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-21T20:28:56.459901","indexId":"wri024209","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4209","displayTitle":"Assessment of Possible Sources of Microbiological Contamination and Water-Quality Characteristics of the Jacks Fork, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri — Phase II","title":"Assessment of possible sources of microbiological contamination and water-quality characteristics of the Jacks Fork, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri — Phase II","docAbstract":"In 1998, an 8-mile reach of the Jacks Fork was included on Missouri's list of impaired waters as required by Section 303(d) of the Federal Clean Water Act. The identified pollutant on the Jacks Fork was fecal coliform bacteria. Potential sources of fecal contamination to the Jacks Fork include a wastewater treatment plant; campground pit-toilet or septic-system effluent; a large commercial, cross-country horseback trail riding facility; canoeists, boaters, and tubers; and cows.
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Park Service, conducted a study to better understand the extent and sources of microbiological contamination within the Jacks Fork from Alley Spring to the mouth, which includes the 8-mile 303(d) reach. Identification of the sources would provide the National Park Service and the State of Missouri with the information needed to craft a solution of abatement, regulation, prevention, and mitigation with the end result being the removal of the Jacks Fork from the 303(d) list. Fifteen sites were sampled from November 1999 through December 2000. An additional site was sampled one time. Samples were collected mostly during base-flow conditions during a variety of nonrecreational and recreational season river uses. Samples were analyzed for selected fecal indicator bacteria, physical properties, nutrients, and wastewater organic compounds.
During the sampling period, the whole-body-contact recreation standard for fecal coliform (200 colonies per 100 milliliters of sample) was exceeded at three sites on August 10, 2000, and also at one site on May 11, June 7, and October 3, 2000. Fecal coliform densities and instantaneous loads generally increased from background concentrations at the Eminence site, peaked about 2 river miles downstream, and then decreased until the most downstream site sampled. Generally, the largest densities and loads at sites downstream from Eminence not related to wet-weather flow were observed during a trail ride held August 6 to 12, 2000.
A 24-hour sample collection effort was conducted the weekend of July 15 and 16, 2000, to investigate the effect that large numbers of swimmers, canoeists, and tubers had on fecal coliform densities in the Jacks Fork. Five or six samples were collected at six sites between Saturday morning and the following Sunday afternoon. No fecal coliform density at any of the sites sampled exceeded the whole-body-contact recreation standard.
Because bacteria survive longer in stream-bed sediments than in water, a source of bacteria in the water column could be from resuspension of accumulated bacteria from streambed sediments. Water and streambed-sediment samples were collected at three sites on August 3, 2000, 1 week before a trail ride and again at three sites on August 8, 2000, during a trail ride.
Sixty-five Escherichia coli isolates obtained from water samples collected at 9 sites and 23 Escherichia coli isolates obtained from stream-bed-sediment samples collected at 5 sites were submitted for ribotyping analysis. Samples were collected in 2000 during a variety of nonrecreational and recreational season river uses, including trail rides, canoeing, tubing, and swimming. Of the 65 isolates from water samples, 40 percent were identified as originating from sewage, 29 percent from horse, 11 percent from cow, and 20 percent from an unknown source. Of the 23 isolates from streambed-sediment samples, 39 percent were identified as originating from sewage, 35 percent from horse, 13 percent from cow, and 13 percent from unknown sources.
Analysis of physical property (dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and temperature) and nutrient (dissolved nitrite plus nitrate and total phosphorus) data indicated that overall few statistically significant differences occurred among the main stem sites of the Jacks Fork. A significant increase in total phosphorus concentrations did occur at site 75 immediately downstream from the Eminence Wastewater Treatment Plant, but the effect diminished quickly downstream. Unlike fecal coliform bacteria, most variations in physical property values or nutrient concentrations were related to seasonal changes, time of day the sample was collected, or hydrologic conditions and not to certain recreational activities.
Trace quantities of wastewater organic compounds were detected in all waters sampled for these constituents. Two of the compounds were detected in associated laboratory blanks, and other detected compounds have sources other than sewage effluent. The best indicators of municipal or domestic sewage effluent were the non-ionic detergent metabolites (nonylphenol monoethoxylate, octylphenol monoethoxylate, and para-nonylphenol), phenol, and caffeine; but possible sources of these compounds, which were detected in one or more of the samples, could be the numerous campers, swimmers, and canoeists that were present when the samples were collected.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024209","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., and Richards, J.M., 2002, Assessment of possible sources of microbiological contamination and water-quality characteristics of the Jacks Fork, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri — Phase II: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4209, iv, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024209.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4209/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":360412,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4209/wrir20024209.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.77 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 2002–4209"},{"id":394690,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_53968.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Jacks Fork, Ozark National Scenic Riverways","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.45,\n 37.1447\n ],\n [\n -91.2719,\n 37.1447\n ],\n [\n -91.2719,\n 37.1917\n ],\n [\n -91.45,\n 37.1917\n ],\n [\n -91.45,\n 37.1447\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401
The research accomplished in this dissertation used both mathematical and statistical techniques to extract and evaluate measures of landscape temporal dynamics and spatial structure from remotely sensed data for the purpose of mapping wildlife habitat. By coupling the landscape measures gleaned from the remotely sensed data with various sets of animal sightings and population data, effective models of habitat preference were created.
Measures of temporal dynamics of vegetation greenness as measured by National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration’s Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite were used to effectively characterize and map season specific habitat of the Sonoran pronghorn antelope, as well as produce preliminary models of potential yellow-billed cuckoo habitat in Arizona. Various measures that capture different aspects of the temporal dynamics of the landscape were derived from AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index composite data using three main classes of calculations: basic statistics, standardized principal components analysis, and Fourier analysis. Pronghorn habitat models based on the AVHRR measures correspond visually and statistically to GIS-based models produced using data that represent detailed knowledge of ground-condition.
Measures of temporal dynamics also revealed statistically significant correlations with annual estimates of elk population in selected Arizona Game Management Units, suggesting elk respond to regional environmental changes that can be measured using satellite data. Such relationships, once verified and established, can be used to help indirectly monitor the population.
Measures of landscape spatial structure derived from IKONOS high spatial resolution (1-m) satellite data using geostatistics effectively map details of Sonoran pronghorn antelope habitat. Local estimates of the nugget, sill, and range variogram parameters calculated within 25 x 25-meter image windows describe the spatial autocorrelation of the image, permitting classification of all pixels into coherent units whose signature graphs exhibit a classic variogram shape. The variogram parameters captured in these signatures have been shown in previous studies to discriminate between different species-specific vegetation associations.
The synoptic view of the landscape provided by satellite data can inform resource management efforts. The ability to characterize the spatial structure and temporal dynamics of habitat using repeatable remote sensing data allows closer monitoring of the relationship between a species and its landscape.
","language":"English","publisher":"The University of Arizona","usgsCitation":"Wallace, C., and Advised by Marsh, S.E., 2002, Extracting temporal and spatial information from remotely sensed data for mapping wildlife habitat: Tucson, 198 p.","productDescription":"198 p.","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335123,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Tuscon","publicComments":"Submitted for a Doctor of Philosophy","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589edf2ce4b099f50d3dc5af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, Cynthia S.A.","contributorId":70487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Cynthia S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Advised by Marsh, Stuart E.","contributorId":179145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Advised by Marsh","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":39984,"text":"wri014241 - 2002 - Hydrologic characteristics of selected alluvial aquifers in the North Platte Natural Resources District, western Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:35","indexId":"wri014241","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4241","title":"Hydrologic characteristics of selected alluvial aquifers in the North Platte Natural Resources District, western Nebraska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014241","usgsCitation":"Steele, G.V., Cannia, J.C., and Scripter, K.G., 2002, Hydrologic characteristics of selected alluvial aquifers in the North Platte Natural Resources District, western Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4241, 24 p. : ill., map ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014241.","productDescription":"24 p. : ill., map ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4241/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67746,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4241/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db61165b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steele, Gregory V. gvsteele@usgs.gov","contributorId":783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"Gregory","email":"gvsteele@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannia, James C.","contributorId":94356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannia","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scripter, Kimberly G.","contributorId":32226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scripter","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":50572,"text":"ofr02463 - 2002 - Rationale and operational plan to upgrade the U.S. gravity database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-23T16:56:13.806032","indexId":"ofr02463","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-463","title":"Rationale and operational plan to upgrade the U.S. gravity database","docAbstract":"A concerted effort is underway to prepare a substantially upgraded digital gravity anomaly database for the United States and to make this data set and associated usage tools available on the internet. This joint effort, spearheaded by the geophysics groups at the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA), University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), is an outgrowth of the new geoscientific community initiative called Geoinformatics (www.geoinformaticsnetwork.org). This dominantly geospatial initiative reflects the realization by Earth scientists that existing information systems and techniques are inadequate to address the many complex scientific and societal issues. Currently, inadequate standardization and chaotic distribution of geoscience data, inadequate accompanying documentation, and the lack of easy-to-use access tools and computer codes for analysis are major obstacles for scientists, government agencies, and educators. An example of the type of activities envisioned, within the context of Geoinformatics, is the construction, maintenance, and growth of a public domain gravity database and development of the software tools needed to access, implement, and expand it. This product is far more than a high quality database; it is a complete data system for a specific type of geophysical measurement that includes, for example, tools to manipulate the data and tutorials to understand and properly utilize the data. On August 9, 2002, twenty-one scientists from the federal, private and academic sectors met at a workshop to discuss the rationale for upgrading both the United States and North American gravity databases (including offshore regions) and, more importantly, to begin developing an operational plan to effectively create a new gravity data system. We encourage anyone interested in contributing data or participating in this effort to contact G.R. Keller or T.G. Hildenbrand.
\nThis workshop was the first step in building a web-based data system for sharing quality gravity data and methodology, and it builds on existing collaborative efforts. This compilation effort will result in significant additions to and major refinement of the U.S. database that is currently released publicly by NOAA’s National Geophysical Data Center and will also include an additional objective to substantially upgrade the North American database, released over 15 years ago (Committee for the Gravity Anomaly Map of North America, 1987).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02463","usgsCitation":"Hildenbrand, T.G., Briesacher, A., Flanagan, G., Hinze, W.J., Hittelman, A.M., Keller, G.R., Kucks, R., Plouff, D., Roest, W., Seeley, J., Stith, D.A., and Webring, M., 2002, Rationale and operational plan to upgrade the U.S. gravity database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-463, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02463.","productDescription":"12 p.","numberOfPages":"14","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":176703,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02463.jpg"},{"id":283910,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0463/pdf/of02-463.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":283909,"rank":2,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0463/of02-463.txt"},{"id":4380,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0463/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6487f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildenbrand, Thomas G.","contributorId":61787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briesacher, Allen","contributorId":89963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briesacher","given":"Allen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flanagan, Guy","contributorId":71624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flanagan","given":"Guy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hinze, William J.","contributorId":102945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinze","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hittelman, A. M.","contributorId":39854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hittelman","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keller, Gordon R.","contributorId":90280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kucks, R.P.","contributorId":53758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kucks","given":"R.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Plouff, Donald","contributorId":94657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plouff","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Roest, Walter","contributorId":83555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roest","given":"Walter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Seeley, John","contributorId":18054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seeley","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Stith, David A.","contributorId":86418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stith","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Webring, Mike","contributorId":41075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webring","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":50574,"text":"ofr02467 - 2002 - Documentation of changes in fault parameters from 2002 national seismic hazard maps; conterminous United States except California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:12","indexId":"ofr02467","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-467","title":"Documentation of changes in fault parameters from 2002 national seismic hazard maps; conterminous United States except California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02467","usgsCitation":"Haller, K., Wheeler, R.L., and Rukstales, K.S., 2002, Documentation of changes in fault parameters from 2002 national seismic hazard maps; conterminous United States except California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-467, 32 p., 2 tables, 83 refs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02467.","productDescription":"32 p., 2 tables, 83 refs","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4382,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-467/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db63622c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haller, Kathleen M. haller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haller","given":"Kathleen M.","email":"haller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":241875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wheeler, Russell L. wheeler@usgs.gov","contributorId":858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Russell","email":"wheeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rukstales, Kenneth S. 0000-0003-2818-078X rukstales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2818-078X","contributorId":775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rukstales","given":"Kenneth","email":"rukstales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":50575,"text":"ofr02469 - 2002 - Evaluation of airborne image data and LIDAR main stem data for monitoring physical resources within the Colorado River ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-13T10:10:34","indexId":"ofr02469","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-469","title":"Evaluation of airborne image data and LIDAR main stem data for monitoring physical resources within the Colorado River ecosystem","docAbstract":"This study evaluated near-infrared LIDAR data acquired over the main-stem channel at four long-term monitoring sites within the Colorado River ecosystem (CRE) to determine the ability of these data to provide reliable indications in changes in water elevation over time. Our results indicate that there is a good correlation between the LIDAR water-surface elevations and ground measurements of water-edge elevation, but there are also inherent errors in the LIDAR data. The elevation errors amount to about 50 cm and therefore temporal changes in water-surface elevation that exceed this value by the majority of data at a particular location can be deemed significant or real.
\nThis study also evaluated airborne image data for producing photogrammetric elevation data and for automated mapping of sand bars and debris flows within the CRE. The photogrammetric analyses show that spatial resolutions of ≤ 10 cm are required to produce vertical accuracies < 20 cm and that digitally acquired data cannot yet support this monitoring requirement. The mapping analyses indicate that CIR image data are far superior to true-color and panchromatic image data in mapping sand bars and debris flows. The analyses also show that the CIR color information provide almost as much mapping capability as do the combination of CIR color and CIR image texture. Therefore, CIR image data should always be given preference in image data collections, not only for the physical resource program, but also for the biologic resource program.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02469","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., Rosiek, M.R., and Galuszka, D.M., 2002, Evaluation of airborne image data and LIDAR main stem data for monitoring physical resources within the Colorado River ecosystem: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-469, Report: PDF, 35 p.; Report: TXT, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02469.","productDescription":"Report: PDF, 35 p.; Report: TXT","numberOfPages":"35","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":176011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4383,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0469/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283913,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0469/pdf/of02-469.pdf"},{"id":283914,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0469/of02-469.txt"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.1505,35.2274 ], [ -114.1505,37.1516 ], [ -110.9985,37.1516 ], [ -110.9985,35.2274 ], [ -114.1505,35.2274 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625902","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":241876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosiek, Mark R. mrosiek@usgs.gov","contributorId":824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosiek","given":"Mark","email":"mrosiek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":241877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galuszka, Donna M. 0000-0003-1870-1182 dgaluszka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1870-1182","contributorId":3186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galuszka","given":"Donna","email":"dgaluszka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":50558,"text":"ofr02427 - 2002 - Studying the effects of land use on sediment loads, Little Missouri National Grasslands, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T14:17:25","indexId":"ofr02427","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-427","title":"Studying the effects of land use on sediment loads, Little Missouri National Grasslands, North Dakota","docAbstract":"The Little Missouri National Grasslands in North Dakota were established in 1960 and are publicly owned lands administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service. The grasslands are not solid blocks of National Forest Systems lands but are lands intermingled with other Federal, State, and privately-owned lands. The mixed-ownership pattern creates a unique environmental management arrangement within each grasslands area.
The USDA Forest Service needs to determine how changes in land use affect loss of sediment from the grasslands, especially during periods of high runoff or after a grassland fire. Excessive sediment loss has the potential to destabilize hillslopes and channels by increasing runoff potential, by prohibiting natural revegetation, by changing animal habitation patterns, and by impacting areas farther downslope and downstream of affected areas.
On October 31, 1999, two major grass-land fires occurred in the Little Missouri National Grasslands area. The Squaw Gap Fire affected 51,627 acres and the Rough Creek Fire affected 7,979 acres. Runoff caused substantial erosion when many road ditches and culverts were filled with sediment and some roads were washed out. In order to implement the best management practices within the Little Missouri National Grasslands, the USDA Forest Service will need sediment information related to land-use changes such as burned and unburned areas and grazed and ungrazed areas.
The Little Missouri National Grasslands are located along the Little Missouri River in western North Dakota. The Grasslands are comprised of 1,028,000 acres predominantly in an area of rolling hills, sparsely covered buttes, coulees, woody draws, and badlands. Most of the area is used as rangeland; but, some of the area is cultivated or used for oil and gas development. The Grasslands have semiarid climate with short, warm summers and long, cold winters. The Grasslands receive an average annual precipitation of about 13 to 15 inches, which generally occurs from April through June. Runoff is produced by snowmelt during the spring or by rainfall over individual watersheds during the warmer months. Temperatures have ranged from about -30 degrees Fahrenheit during the winter to over 100 degrees Fahrenheit during the summer. The average growing season is about 125 days.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02427","usgsCitation":"Macek-Rowland, K.M., 2002, Studying the effects of land use on sediment loads, Little Missouri National Grasslands, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-427, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02427.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":176635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4368,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://nd.water.usgs.gov/pubs/ofr/ofr02427/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699c91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macek-Rowland, Kathleen M.","contributorId":50565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macek-Rowland","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50581,"text":"ofr02486 - 2002 - Six aeromagnetic surveys in California, Nevada, and Arizona: A web site for distribution of data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-23T19:22:11.052269","indexId":"ofr02486","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-486","title":"Six aeromagnetic surveys in California, Nevada, and Arizona: A web site for distribution of data","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02486","usgsCitation":"Sweeney, R.E., 2002, Six aeromagnetic surveys in California, Nevada, and Arizona: A web site for distribution of data (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-486, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02486.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176228,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4386,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-486/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":411006,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_53915.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.19840587792669,\n 32.65972356027771\n ],\n [\n -114.77649485696787,\n 32.78440868922672\n ],\n [\n -114.76704173191217,\n 32.29515831124891\n ],\n [\n -111.58132890049089,\n 31.446851864352496\n ],\n [\n -111.41118395947254,\n 33.63249693755691\n ],\n [\n -114.16998849122137,\n 37.20156910878687\n ],\n [\n -114.15055218923436,\n 39.007240520404224\n ],\n [\n -120.5545102028112,\n 36.47094753726327\n ],\n [\n -121.14128390435036,\n 34.98201019650729\n ],\n [\n -120.46372190557705,\n 34.3550604691503\n ],\n [\n -118.81268607971322,\n 34.22341099986487\n ],\n [\n -117.90249507234427,\n 33.30883616198162\n ],\n [\n -117.19840587792669,\n 32.65972356027771\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f15ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweeney, Ronald E.","contributorId":89564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweeney","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50555,"text":"ofr02423 - 2002 - Agenda, extended abstracts, and bibliographies for a workshop on Deposit modeling, mineral resources assessment, and their role in sustainable development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-20T15:29:00","indexId":"ofr02423","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-423","title":"Agenda, extended abstracts, and bibliographies for a workshop on Deposit modeling, mineral resources assessment, and their role in sustainable development","docAbstract":"Global demand for mineral resources continues to increase because of increasing global population and the desire and efforts to improve living standards worldwide. The ability to meet this growing demand for minerals is affected by the concerns about possible environmental degradation associated with minerals production and by competing land uses. Informed planning and decisions concerning sustainability and resource development require a long-term perspective and an integrated approach to land-use, resource, and environmental management worldwide. This, in turn, requires unbiased information on the global distribution of identified and especially undiscovered resources, the economic and political factors influencing their development, and the potential environmental consequences of their exploitation. \r\n\r\nThe purpose of the IGC workshop is to review the state-of-the-art in mineral-deposit modeling and quantitative resource assessment and to examine their role in the sustainability of mineral use. The workshop will address such questions as: Which of the available mineral-deposit models and assessment methods are best suited for predicting the locations, deposit types, and amounts of undiscovered nonfuel mineral resources remaining in the world? What is the availability of global geologic, mineral deposit, and mineral-exploration information? How can mineral-resource assessments be used to address economic and environmental issues? Presentations will include overviews of assessment methods used in previous national and other small-scale assessments of large regions as well as resulting assessment products and their uses.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02423","usgsCitation":"2002, Agenda, extended abstracts, and bibliographies for a workshop on Deposit modeling, mineral resources assessment, and their role in sustainable development (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-423, 1 CD-ROM : col. ill., col. maps ; 4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02423.","productDescription":"1 CD-ROM : col. ill., col. maps ; 4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4365,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-423/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6891fd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Briskey, Joseph A.","contributorId":77605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briskey","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729053,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulz, Klaus J. 0000-0003-2967-4765 kschulz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2967-4765","contributorId":2438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"Klaus","email":"kschulz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729054,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":50562,"text":"ofr02439 - 2002 - U.S. Geological Survey 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":50562,"text":"ofr02439 - 2002 - U.S. Geological Survey 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps","indexId":"ofr02439","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":99212,"text":"ofr20111099 - 2011 - 2010 Petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps","indexId":"ofr20111099","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"2010 Petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":99212,"text":"ofr20111099 - 2011 - 2010 Petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps","indexId":"ofr20111099","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"2010 Petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-12T20:20:27.407686","indexId":"ofr02439","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-439","title":"U.S. Geological Survey 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps","docAbstract":"This report provides digital GIS files of maps for each of the 24 plays evaluated in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the NPRA (Bird and Houseknecht, 2002a). These are the same maps released in pdf format by Bird and Houseknecht (2002b). \r\n\r\nThe USGS released in 2002 a summary of the estimated volume of technically recoverable, undiscovered oil and nonassociated gas resources for 24 plays in NPRA (Bird and Houseknecht, 2002b). The NPRA assessment study area includes Federal and Native onshore land and adjacent State offshore areas. A map showing the areal extent of each play was prepared by USGS geologists as a preliminary step in the assessment process. Boundaries were drawn on the basis of a variety of information, including seismic reflection data, results of previous exploration drilling, and regional patterns of rock properties. Play boundary polygons were captured by digitizing the play maps prepared by USGS geologists. Federal, Native, and State areas were later clipped from the play boundary polygons, allowing for acreages to be calculated for entire plays and for various subareas within plays.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02439","usgsCitation":"Garrity, C.P., Houseknecht, D.W., and Bird, K.J., 2002, U.S. Geological Survey 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-439, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02439.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403557,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52773.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":4371,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-439/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"National Petroleum Reserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.88,\n 68.5833\n ],\n [\n -150.8161,\n 68.5833\n ],\n [\n -150.8161,\n 71.39\n ],\n [\n -161.88,\n 71.39\n ],\n [\n -161.88,\n 68.5833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5efd94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrity, Christopher P. 0000-0002-5565-1818 cgarrity@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5565-1818","contributorId":644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrity","given":"Christopher","email":"cgarrity@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bird, Kenneth J. kbird@usgs.gov","contributorId":1015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbird@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":69388,"text":"mf2389 - 2002 - Geologic map of the Storm King Mountain quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":42602,"text":"ofr98472 - 1998 - Revised preliminary geologic map of the Storm King Mountain quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado","indexId":"ofr98472","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Revised preliminary geologic map of the Storm King Mountain quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":69388,"text":"mf2389 - 2002 - Geologic map of the Storm King Mountain quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado","indexId":"mf2389","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Storm King Mountain quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:24","indexId":"mf2389","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2389","title":"Geologic map of the Storm King Mountain quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado","docAbstract":" New 1:24,000-scale geologic mapping in the Storm King Mountain 7.5' quadrangle, in support of the USGS Western Colorado I-70 Corridor Cooperative Geologic Mapping Project, provides new data on the structure on the south margin of the White River uplift and the Grand Hogback and on the nature, history, and distribution of surficial geologic units.\r\n Rocks ranging from Holocene to Proterozoic in age are shown on the map. The Canyon Creek Conglomerate, a unit presently known to only occur in this quadrangle, is interpreted to have been deposited in a very steep sided local basin formed by dissolution of Pennsylvanian evaporite late in Tertiary time. At the top of the Late Cretaceous Williams Fork Formation is a unit of sandstone, siltstone, and claystone from which Late Cretaceous palynomorphs were obtained in one locality. This interval has been mapped previously as Ohio Creek Conglomerate, but it does not fit the current interpretation of the origin of the Ohio Creek. Rocks previously mapped as Frontier Sandstone and Mowry Shale are here mapped as the lower member of the Mancos Shale and contain beds equivalent to the Juana Lopez Member of the Mancos Shale in northwestern New Mexico. The Pennsylvanian Eagle Valley Formation in this quadrangle grades into Eagle Valley Evaporite as mapped by Kirkham and others (1997) in the Glenwood Springs area.\r\n The Storm King Mountain quadrangle spans the south margin of the White River uplift and crosses the Grand Hogback monocline into the Piceance basin. Nearly flat lying Mississippian through Cambrian sedimentary rocks capping the White River uplift are bent into gentle south dips and broken by faults at the edge of the uplift. South of these faults the beds dip moderately to steeply to the south and are locally overturned. These dips are interrupted by a structural terrace on which are superposed numerous gentle minor folds and faults. This terrace has an east-west extent similar to that of the Canyon Creek Conglomerate to the north. We interpret that the terrace formed by movement of Eagle Evaporite from below in response to dissolution and diapirism in the area underlain by the conglomerate. A low-angle normal fault dipping gently north near the north margin of the quadrangle may have formed also in response to diapirism and dissolution in the area of the Canyon Creek Conglomerate. Along the east edge of the quadrangle Miocene basalt flows are offset by faults along bedding planes in underlying south-dipping Cretaceous rocks, probably because of diapiric movement of evaporite into the Cattle Creek anticline (Kirkham and Widmann, 1997).\r\n Steep topography and weak rocks combine to produce a variety of geologic hazards in the quadrangle.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf2389","usgsCitation":"Bryant, B., Shroba, R.R., Harding, A.E., and Murray, K., 2002, Geologic map of the Storm King Mountain quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2389, Online. 25 p. PDF, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2389.","productDescription":"Online. 25 p. PDF","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110362,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52804.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"52804"},{"id":188792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6331,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2002/mf-2389/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.5,39.5 ], [ -107.5,39.6175 ], [ -107.36749999999999,39.6175 ], [ -107.36749999999999,39.5 ], [ -107.5,39.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a25f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bryant, Bruce bbryant@usgs.gov","contributorId":1355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"Bruce","email":"bbryant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shroba, Ralph R. 0000-0002-2664-1813 rshroba@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2664-1813","contributorId":1266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shroba","given":"Ralph","email":"rshroba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harding, Anne E.","contributorId":106554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harding","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murray, Kyle E.","contributorId":31825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Kyle E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":45092,"text":"wri024054 - 2002 - Fecal-indicator bacteria in the Yakima River Basin, Washington: An examination of 1999 and 2000 synoptic-sampling data and their relation to historical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-13T22:29:02.630468","indexId":"wri024054","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4054","title":"Fecal-indicator bacteria in the Yakima River Basin, Washington: An examination of 1999 and 2000 synoptic-sampling data and their relation to historical data","docAbstract":"The Yakima Basin National Water-Quality Assessment Program collected fecal-coliform bacteria samples during three synoptic samplings to identify and quantify the cause, source, transport, and effects of fecal-indicator bacteria in Yakima River Basin streams. The August 1999 synoptic sampling targeted the Yakima River main-stem and tributary sites, while the July and October-November 2000 synoptic samplings targeted small- and intermediate-sized agricultural watersheds during irrigation and nonirrigation season, respectively. Quality-assurance results indicated that variability in fecal-coliform concentrations is large and, therefore, a difference of an order of magnitude or more between sites or between times is required for the values to be significantly different 90 percent of the time.
\nThe August 1999 synoptic sampling results indicated that (1) 44 percent of the sites visited, including all the main-stem Yakima River sites, met the Class A fecal-coliform 90th percentile standard of 200 colonies per deciliter, (2) tributaries were the likely source of fecal contamination to the main stem, and (3) tributaries with high fecal-coliform concentrations typically also had high suspended-sediment concentrations. Results of the July and October-November 2000 synoptic samplings indicated that (1) 36 and 81 percent of the sites sampled, respectively, met the standard, (2) during the nonirrigation synoptic sampling, four of the six sites not meeting the standard were from the Granger and Sulphur subbasins, and (3) fecal-coliform concentrations during the irrigation season were generally higher than during the nonirrigation season.
\nSeveral levels of temporal variability were examined. The short-term variability observed during a synoptic sampling was found to be site specific, with some sites fairly consistent, while others were rather variable. Seasonally, most sites from the 2000 synoptic samplings showed higher concentrations during irrigation than during nonirrigation. Historically, 13 of the 22 sites sampled during both the July 1988 and August 1999 synoptic samplings had higher concentrations in 1999. The three sites with the highest concentrations in July 1988, however, all had decreases in August 1999. When compared against historical (1972-85) minimum and maximum summer-month medians, the August 1999 synoptic-sampling concentrations generally were between these values.
\nInstantaneous fecal-coliform bacteria loads were calculated for the August 1999 synoptic sampling in an effort to study the dynamics of bacterial transport. Tributaries affected by agricultural, urban, and hobby farm activities were generally the major sources of bacteria to the main-stem Yakima River during this time. When these August 1999 synoptic-sampling loads in the lower basin reach from the Yakima River at river mile 72 to Kiona (river mile 29.9) were compared to those from the July 1988 synoptic sampling, most sites had higher loads in 1999.
\nA nonparametric Spearman test was used to detect correlations between fecal-coliform concentrations and physical and chemical data collected during the synoptic samplings. Results for the August 1999 synoptic sampling, which included many mouths of tributaries, showed strong significant correlations with almost every variable. In contrast, only some of the nutrient concentrations showed strong significant correlations during the July and October-November 2000 synoptic samplings, which included small and intermediate- sized agricultural streams.
\nLooking forward relative to future monitoring goals, research needs, and best management practice development, four hypotheses that deal with processes and sources of bacteria were identified: (1) overland runoff transports bacteria from land surfaces to streams, (2) bacteria in the water column tend to associate with suspended matter, (3) with increasing densities of warm-blooded animals, the likelihood of fecal-coliform contamination in streams also increases, and (4) identifi- cation of bacterial sources is difficult, but must be attempted for remediation to be possible.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024054","collaboration":"USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Morace, J.L., and McKenzie, S.W., 2002, Fecal-indicator bacteria in the Yakima River Basin, Washington: An examination of 1999 and 2000 synoptic-sampling data and their relation to historical data: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02–4054, 32 p.","productDescription":"viii, 32 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423549,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_53977.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":135336,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4054/cover.jpg"},{"id":3937,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4054/wri02-4054.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PDF of report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Yakima River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.2489745346941,\n 46.262276767486384\n ],\n [\n -119.71868079140395,\n 46.573512665451716\n ],\n [\n -120.0835011849648,\n 46.589113508425584\n ],\n [\n -120.18382679319427,\n 46.81124704197978\n ],\n [\n -120.63073177530654,\n 47.277373162502755\n ],\n [\n -121.10955854185542,\n 47.39170863679644\n ],\n [\n -121.40141485670418,\n 47.10070691844439\n ],\n [\n -121.24636618944064,\n 46.27171504543068\n ],\n [\n -120.91802783523576,\n 46.00281006018693\n ],\n [\n -120.54408693183575,\n 45.89850915843371\n ],\n [\n -119.45190587861255,\n 46.1422933543444\n ],\n [\n -119.1714502010626,\n 46.05696368358997\n ],\n [\n -119.12584765186745,\n 46.202341413252384\n ],\n [\n -119.2489745346941,\n 46.262276767486384\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
http://or.water.usgs.gov