{"pageNumber":"2936","pageRowStart":"73375","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184563,"records":[{"id":50526,"text":"ofr02363 - 2002 - Preliminary gravity inversion model of Frenchman Flat Basin, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T14:21:50.437693","indexId":"ofr02363","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-363","title":"Preliminary gravity inversion model of Frenchman Flat Basin, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","docAbstract":"The depth of the basin beneath Frenchman Flat is estimated using a gravity inversion method. Gamma-gamma density logs from two wells in Frenchman Flat constrained the density profiles used to create the gravity inversion model. Three initial models were considered using data from one well, then a final model is proposed based on new information from the second well. The preferred model indicates that a northeast-trending oval-shaped basin underlies Frenchman Flat at least 2,100 m deep, with a maximum depth of 2,400 m at its northeast end. No major horst and graben structures are predicted. Sensitivity analysis of the model indicates that each parameter contributes the same magnitude change to the model, up to 30 meters change in depth for a 1% change in density, but some parameters affect a broader area of the basin. The horizontal resolution of the model was determined by examining the spacing between data stations, and was set to 500 square meters.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02363","usgsCitation":"Phelps, G., and Graham, S.E., 2002, Preliminary gravity inversion model of Frenchman Flat Basin, Nevada Test Site, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-363, Report: 23 p.; 1 Plate: 21.61 x 30.53 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02363.","productDescription":"Report: 23 p.; 1 Plate: 21.61 x 30.53 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":175711,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02363.jpg"},{"id":283852,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0363/pdf/of02-363plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1"},{"id":283855,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0363/of02-363depthdata.asc"},{"id":283854,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0363/of02-363metadata.txt"},{"id":283853,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0363/pdf/of02-363.pdf"},{"id":4338,"rank":6,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0363/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, zone 11","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.000,36.750 ], [ -116.000,36.875 ], [ -115.800,36.875 ], [ -115.800,36.750 ], [ -116.000,36.750 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697503","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phelps, Geoffrey A.","contributorId":17262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"Geoffrey A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, Scott E. sgraham@usgs.gov","contributorId":2907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Scott","email":"sgraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":241692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":50519,"text":"ofr02349 - 2002 - Human impact on the planet: an earth system science perspective and ethical considerations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-05T10:15:08","indexId":"ofr02349","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-349","title":"Human impact on the planet: an earth system science perspective and ethical considerations","docAbstract":"The modern Earth Narrative, the scientific story of the 4.5 billion-year natural and human history of the Earth, has emerged from the solid foundation of two factual concepts: Deep (or Geologic) Time and Biological Evolution. spread acceptance of the Earth Narrative is critically important as we begin the third millennium, because it provides a clear understanding of the growing impact of human population growth and associated activities on the Earth System, especially the negative impact on Earth?s biosphere. It is important for humans to realize that we are but one of 4,500 species of mammals that exist on Earth and that we are but one species in the estimated 30 to 100 million species that form the complex biosphere. We also need to recognize that all species exist within the physical limits imposed by the geosphere. We are totally dependent on the biosphere for food, oxygen, and other necessities of life. mans are one of the latest results of biological evolution operating over a long period of Geologic Time. We find ourselves on Earth, after 4.5 billion years of Earth history by chance, not by design. Humans have become so successful at modifying their environment that many of the natural limitations on the expansion of populations of our fellow animals have been overcome by technological and cultural innovations. According to Peter Raven, ?Humans, at a current population of 6 billion [expected to nearly double by 2050], are consuming or wasting about 50 percent of the total net biological productivity on land and 50 percent of the available supply of freshwater. The overwhelming and expanding human presence leaves less and less room in the environment for other biota.? st century will be a pivotal time in the fate of Earth?s biosphere. Whereas human modification of the geosphere will slowly recover over time, human changes to the biosphere are a far more consequential matter? extinction of a species is forever! Will humans effectively use our new knowledge of natural and human history to stop further degradation of Earth?s ecosystems and extinction of its biota? The fate of the biosphere, including humanity, depends on a reaffirmation by all humans of all cultures and religions of the global importance of a planet-wide conservation of the Earth?s biotic heritage. For the world?s religions it means elevation of stewardship of the Earth to a moral imperative and a goal of complete preservation of the Earth?s biotic inheritance, one which is based on a Do No Harm ethic.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02349","usgsCitation":"Williams, R., 2002, Human impact on the planet: an earth system science perspective and ethical considerations (version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-349, 81 p., illus., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02349.","productDescription":"81 p., illus.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4331,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-349/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a5fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":90679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":50484,"text":"ofr0286 - 2002 - Streamflow gain/loss in the Republican River basin, Nebraska, October 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:21","indexId":"ofr0286","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-86","title":"Streamflow gain/loss in the Republican River basin, Nebraska, October 1981","docAbstract":"This arc and point data set contains streamflow-measurement sites and reaches indicating streamflow gain or loss under base-flow conditions along the Republican River and tributaries in Nebraska during October 19 to 20, 1981 (Engel and others, 1984). The streamflow measurements were made to obtain data on ground-water/surface-water interaction. Flow was observed visually to be zero, was measured, or was estimated at 105 sites. The measurements were made on the main stem of the Republican River and all flowing tributaries that enter the Republican River between Muddy Creek in western Furnas County and Harlan County Reservoir in the Nebraska part of the Republican River Basin. Tributaries were followed upstream until the first road crossing where zero flow was encountered. For selected streams, points of zero flow upstream of the first zero flow site were also checked. \r\n\r\nStreamflow gain or loss for each stream reach was calculated by subtracting the streamflow values measured at the upstream end of the reach and values for contributing tributaries from the downstream value. The data obtained reflected base-flow conditions suitable for estimating streamflow gains and losses for stream reaches between sites. \r\n\r\nThis digital data set was created by manually plotting locations of streamflow measurements. These points were used to designate stream-reach segments to calculate gain/loss per river mile. Reach segments were created by manually splitting the lines from a 1:250,000 hydrography data set (Soenksen and others, 1999) at every location where the streams were measured. Each stream-reach segment between streamflow-measurement sites was assigned a unique reach number. All other lines in the hydrography data set without reach numbers were omitted.\r\n\r\nThis data set was created to archive the calculated streamflow gains and losses of selected streams in the Republican River Basin, Nebraska, in October 1981, and make the data available for use with geographic information systems (GIS).\r\n\r\nIf measurement sites are used separately from reaches, the maximum scale of 1:100,000 should not be exceeded. When used in conjunction with the reach segments, the maximum scale should not exceed 1:250,000.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0286","usgsCitation":"Johnson, M., Stanton, J.S., Cornwall, J.F., and Landon, M.K., 2002, Streamflow gain/loss in the Republican River basin, Nebraska, October 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-86, 2 refs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0286.","productDescription":"2 refs","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4293,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ofr02-086/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8206","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanton, Jennifer S. 0000-0002-2520-753X jstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2520-753X","contributorId":830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cornwall, James F.","contributorId":74067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornwall","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":50507,"text":"ofr02299 - 2002 - Cobalt recycling in the United States in 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:20","indexId":"ofr02299","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-299","title":"Cobalt recycling in the United States in 1998","docAbstract":"This report is one of a series of reports on metals recycling. It defines and quantifies the 1998 flow of cobalt-bearing materials in the United States, from imports and stock releases through consumption and disposition, with particular emphasis on the recycling of industrial scrap (new scrap) and used products (old scrap). Because of cobalt?s many and diverse uses, numerous types of scrap were available for recycling by a wide variety of processes. In 1998, an estimated 32 percent of U.S. cobalt supply was derived from scrap. The ratio of cobalt consumed from new scrap to that from old scrap was estimated to be 50:50. Of all the cobalt in old scrap available for recycling, an estimated 68 percent was either consumed in the United States or exported to be recycled.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02299","usgsCitation":"Shedd, K.B., 2002, Cobalt recycling in the United States in 1998 (version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-299, p. 16, illus. incl. 1 table, 60 refs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02299.","productDescription":"p. 16, illus. incl. 1 table, 60 refs","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4319,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-299/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae9d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shedd, Kim B. kshedd@usgs.gov","contributorId":2896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedd","given":"Kim","email":"kshedd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":241637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":50517,"text":"ofr02344 - 2002 - Results of weekly chemical and isotopic monitoring of selected springs in Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park during June-September, 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T14:40:52.565165","indexId":"ofr02344","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-344","title":"Results of weekly chemical and isotopic monitoring of selected springs in Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park during June-September, 1995","docAbstract":"Each year at Norris Geyser Basin, generally in August or September, a widespread hydrothermal 'disturbance' occurs that is characterized by simultaneous changes in the discharge characteristics of many springs, particularly in the Back Basin. During the summer season of 1995, water samples from eight widely distributed hot springs and geysers at Norris were collected each week and analyzed to determine whether chemical and isotopic changes also occurred in the thermal waters at the time of the disturbance. In addition, Beryl Spring in Gibbon Canyon, 5.8 km southwest of Norris Geyser Basin, was included in the monitoring program. Waters discharged by four of the monitored hot springs and geysers appear to issue from relatively deep reservoirs where temperatures are at least 270 C and possibly higher than 300 C. At the time of, and for several days after, the onset of the 1995 disturbance, the normally neutral-chloride waters discharged by these four features all picked up an acid-sulfate component and became isotopically heavier. The acid-sulfate component appears to be similar in composition to some waters discharged in 100 Spring Plain that issue from subsurface regions where temperatures are in the range 170-210 C. However, the two monitored springs that discharge acid-chloride-sulfate waters in the 100 Spring Plain region did not show any significant chemical or isotopic response to the annual disturbance. Beryl Spring, and two neutral-chloride hot springs at Norris that appear to draw their water from reservoirs where temperatures are 250 C or less, also did not show any significant chemical or isotopic response to the annual disturbance. After the start of the annual disturbance, chloride concentrations in water sampled from Double Bulger Geyser in the Back Basin increased from about 800 ppm to about 1500 ppm, nearly twice as high as any previously reported chloride concentration in a thermal water at Yellowstone. The isotopic composition of that water precludes an origin of the high chloride by evaporation at atmospheric pressure. One way to account for the unique chemical and isotopic composition of this highly concentrated wateris by recirculation of water that had gone through one cycle of adiabatic cooling during upflow (decompressional boiling) back down into the hydrothermal system, where it is reheated to greater than 220 C. This previously boiled water then undergoes additional cycles of decompressional boiling during subsequent upflow. Another way the unique chemical and isotopic composition of Double Bulger water might evolve is by excess boiling in the formation that results from a decrease in fluid pressure within the channels of upflow. The annual disturbance at Norris Geyser Basin generally appears to be triggered by a cyclic up and down movement of the boilingpoint curve within the hydrothermal system in response to changes in the potentiometric surface of the cold water that is adjacent to, and interconnected with, that hydrothermal system. Annual disturbance phenomena that are easily recognized at Norris Geyser Basin may not be easily recognized elsewhere in Yellowstone National Park because (1) the neutral-chloride waters at Norris ascend directly from higher-temperature and higherpressure reservoirs (270 to >300 C at Norris compared to 180-215C at Upper and Lower Geyser Basins) that are capable of producing massive amounts of high-pressure steam, and (2) the clay that makes hot spring and geyser waters become turbid at Norris, heralding the start of the disturbance, comes from acid altered rocks that are widely distributed at intermediate depths at Norris, and that are rare in other geyser basins.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02344","usgsCitation":"Fournier, R., Weltman, U., Counce, D., White, L.D., and Janik, C.J., 2002, Results of weekly chemical and isotopic monitoring of selected springs in Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park during June-September, 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-344, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02344.","productDescription":"49 p.","numberOfPages":"50","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":175382,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02344.jpg"},{"id":415129,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52496.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283828,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0344/pdf/of02-344.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":4329,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0344/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.7117,\n              44.7333\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.7117,\n              44.7203\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.6975,\n              44.7203\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.6975,\n              44.7333\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.7117,\n              44.7333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db60460b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fournier, R.O.","contributorId":73584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournier","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weltman, U.","contributorId":33379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltman","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Counce, D.","contributorId":36165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counce","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, L. D.","contributorId":14330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Janik, C. J.","contributorId":10795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janik","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":50524,"text":"ofr02357 - 2002 - Ground-water levels and precipitation data at the Maxey Flats low-level radioactive waste disposal site near Morehead, Kentucky, October 1988-September 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:16","indexId":"ofr02357","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-357","title":"Ground-water levels and precipitation data at the Maxey Flats low-level radioactive waste disposal site near Morehead, Kentucky, October 1988-September 2000","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Kentucky Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Cabinet--Department for Environmental Protection--Division of Waste Management, has an ongoing program to monitor water levels at the Maxey Flats low-level radioactive waste disposal site near Morehead, Kentucky. Ground-water-level and precipitation data were collected from 112 wells and 1 rain gage at the Maxey Flats low-level radioactive waste disposal site during October 1988-September 2000. Data were collected on a semi-annual basis from 62 wells, continuously from 6 wells, and monthly or bimonthly from 44 wells (13 of which had continuous recorders installed for the period October 1998-September 2000). One tipping-bucket rain gage was used to collect data at the Maxey Flats site for the period October 1988-September 2000.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02357","usgsCitation":"Zettwoch, D.D., 2002, Ground-water levels and precipitation data at the Maxey Flats low-level radioactive waste disposal site near Morehead, Kentucky, October 1988-September 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-357, 155 p., illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map, 8 refs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02357.","productDescription":"155 p., illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map, 8 refs","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4336,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ky.water.usgs.gov/pubs/ofr_2002_357.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db668326","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zettwoch, Douglas D.","contributorId":56709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zettwoch","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":50510,"text":"ofr02322 - 2002 - Isostatic gravity map of Yukon Flats, east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T14:26:47.754092","indexId":"ofr02322","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-322","title":"Isostatic gravity map of Yukon Flats, east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"The gravity data used to make this map were collected between 1959 and 1984. The data were collected by automobile, aircraft, and watercraft. Most of the data were collected as part of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) regional gravity data collection project. Some of the data were collected as part of other USGS local projects. One data set was collected by the NGS (National Geodetic Survey). This map ranges from 65° to 68° N latitude and 141° to 152° W longitude. The names of the 12 1:250,000-scale U.S. Geological Survey quadrangle maps that make up this map are labeled on the map. The western edge of the map is 1 degree of longitude east of the edge of the three most western quadrangles.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02322","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.L., 2002, Isostatic gravity map of Yukon Flats, east-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-322, Map: 50.69 inches x 38.89 inches; Tables: 3 .Doc files; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02322.","productDescription":"Map: 50.69 inches x 38.89 inches; Tables: 3 .Doc files; Metadata","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":176762,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02322.jpg"},{"id":4321,"rank":7,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0322/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283779,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0322/table2.doc"},{"id":283780,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0322/table1.doc"},{"id":283781,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0322/table3.doc"},{"id":283777,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0322/pdf/of02-322.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":283778,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0322/metadata.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -152.00,66.00 ], [ -152.00,68.00 ], [ -141.00,68.00 ], [ -141.00,66.00 ], [ -152.00,66.00 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db66706f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, Robert L.","contributorId":82671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":50483,"text":"ofr0285 - 2002 - Streamflow gain/loss in the Republican River basin, Nebraska, October 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:21","indexId":"ofr0285","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-85","title":"Streamflow gain/loss in the Republican River basin, Nebraska, October 1980","docAbstract":"This arc and point data set contains streamflow-measurement sites and reaches indicating streamflow gain or loss under base-flow conditions along the Republican River and tributaries in Nebraska during October 20 to 21, 1980 (U.S. Geological Survey, 1982). The streamflow measurements were made to obtain data on ground-water/surface-water interaction. Flow was observed visually to be zero, was measured, or was estimated at 118 sites. The measurements were made on the main stem of the Republican River and all flowing tributaries that enter the Republican River between Harlan County Reservoir and the Republican River near Hardy, Nebraska gaging station in part of the Republican River Basin, Nebraska. Tributaries were followed upstream until the first road crossing where zero flow was encountered. For selected streams, points of zero flow upstream of the first zero flow site also were checked. \r\n\r\nStreamflow gain or loss for each stream reach was calculated by subtracting the streamflow values measured at the upstream end of the reach and values for contributing tributaries from the downstream value. The data obtained reflected base-flow conditions suitable for estimating streamflow gains and losses for stream reaches between sites. \r\n\r\nThis digital data set was created by manually plotting locations of streamflow measurements. These points were used to designate stream-reach segments to calculate gain/loss per river mile. Reach segments were created by manually splitting the lines from a 1:250,000 hydrography data set (Soenksen and others, 1999) at every location where the streams were measured. Each stream-reach segment between streamflow-measurement sites was assigned a unique reach number. All other lines in the hydrography data set without reach numbers were omitted.\r\n\r\nThis data set was created to archive the calculated streamflow gains and losses of selected streams in part of the Republican River Basin, Nebraska, in October 1980, and make the data available for use with geographic information systems (GIS). \r\n\r\nIf measurement sites are used separately from reaches, the maximum scale of 1:100,000 should not be exceeded. When used in conjunction with the reach segments, the maximum scale should not exceed 1:250,000.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0285","usgsCitation":"Johnson, M., Stanton, J.S., Cornwall, J.F., and Landon, M.K., 2002, Streamflow gain/loss in the Republican River basin, Nebraska, October 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-85, 2 refs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0285.","productDescription":"2 refs","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4292,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ofr02-085/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8360","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanton, Jennifer S. 0000-0002-2520-753X jstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2520-753X","contributorId":830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cornwall, James F.","contributorId":74067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornwall","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":50537,"text":"ofr02398 - 2002 - Debris flows along the Interstate 70 corridor, Floyd Hill to the Arapahoe Basin ski area, central Colorado: A field trip guidebook","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T22:30:57.092835","indexId":"ofr02398","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-398","title":"Debris flows along the Interstate 70 corridor, Floyd Hill to the Arapahoe Basin ski area, central Colorado: A field trip guidebook","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02398","usgsCitation":"Coe, J.A., Godt, J.W., and Henceroth, A.J., 2002, Debris flows along the Interstate 70 corridor, Floyd Hill to the Arapahoe Basin ski area, central Colorado: A field trip guidebook (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-398, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02398.","productDescription":"38 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":410826,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52758.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":4349,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-398/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Interstate 70 corridor","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.4239,\n              39.7722\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.8858,\n              39.7722\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.8858,\n              39.63\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.4239,\n              39.63\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.4239,\n              39.7722\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672800","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coe, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-0842-9608 jcoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-9608","contributorId":1333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jcoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henceroth, Alan J.","contributorId":68390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henceroth","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":50482,"text":"ofr0284 - 2002 - Streamflow gain/loss in the Republican River Basin, Nebraska, April to May 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:21","indexId":"ofr0284","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-84","title":"Streamflow gain/loss in the Republican River Basin, Nebraska, April to May 1980","docAbstract":"This arc and point data set contains streamflow-measurement sites and reaches indicating streamflow gain or loss under base-flow conditions along Republican River tributaries in Nebraska during April 28 to May 1, 1980 (U.S. Geological Survey, 1981). The streamflow measurements were made to obtain data on ground-water/surface-water interaction. Flow was observed visually to be zero, was measured, or was estimated at 147 sites. The measurements were made on the main stem of the Republican River and all flowing tributaries that enter the Republican River between Muddy Creek in western Hitchcock County and Deer Creek in western Furnas County, Nebraska. Tributaries were followed upstream until the first road crossing where zero flow was encountered. For selected streams, points of zero flow upstream of the first zero flow site also were checked.\r\n\r\nStreamflow gain or loss for each stream reach was calculated by subtracting the streamflow values measured at the upstream end of the reach and values for contributing tributaries from the downstream value. The data obtained reflected base-flow conditions suitable for estimating streamflow gains and losses for stream reaches between sites. \r\n\r\nThis digital data set was created by manually plotting locations of streamflow measurements. These points were used to designate stream-reach segments to calculate gain/loss per river mile. Reach segments were created by manually splitting the lines from a 1:250,000 hydrography data set (Soenksen and others, 1999) at every location where the streams were measured. Each stream-reach segment between streamflow-measurement sites was assigned a unique reach number. All other lines in the hydrography data set without reach numbers were omitted.\r\n\r\nThis data set was created to archive the calculated streamflow gains and losses of selected streams in part of the Republican River Basin, Nebraska, in April and May 1980, and make the data available for use with geographic information systems (GIS).\r\n\r\nIf measurement sites are used separately from reaches, the maximum scale of 1:100,000 should not be exceeded. When used in conjunction with the reach segments, the maximum scale should not exceed 1:250,000.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0284","usgsCitation":"Johnson, M., Stanton, J.S., Cornwall, J.F., and Landon, M.K., 2002, Streamflow gain/loss in the Republican River Basin, Nebraska, April to May 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-84, 2 refs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0284.","productDescription":"2 refs","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4291,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ofr02-084/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae699","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanton, Jennifer S. 0000-0002-2520-753X jstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2520-753X","contributorId":830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cornwall, James F.","contributorId":74067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornwall","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":50529,"text":"ofr02367 - 2002 - Evaluation of airborne thermal-infrared image data for monitoring aquatic habitats and cultural resources within the Grand Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T14:05:58.911291","indexId":"ofr02367","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-367","title":"Evaluation of airborne thermal-infrared image data for monitoring aquatic habitats and cultural resources within the Grand Canyon","docAbstract":"<p>This study examined thermal-infrared (TIR) image data acquired using the airborne Advanced Thematic Mapper (ATM) sensor in the afternoon of July 25th, 2000 over a portion of the Colorado River corridor to determine the capability of these 100-cm resolution data to address some biologic and cultural resource requirements for GCMRC. The requirements investigated included the mapping of warm backwaters that may serve as fish habitats and the detection (and monitoring) of archaeological structures and natural springs that occur on land. This report reviews the procedure for calibration of the airborne TIR data to obtain surface water temperatures and shows the results for various river reaches within the acquired river corridor. With respect to mapping warm backwater areas, our results show that TIR data need to be acquired with a gain setting that optimizes the range of temperatures found within the water to increase sensitivity of the resulting data to a level of 0.1 °C and to reduce scan-line noise. Data acquired within a two-hour window around maximum solar heating (1:30 PM) is recommended to provide maximum solar heating of the water and to minimize cooling effects of late-afternoon shadows. Ground-truth data within the temperature range of the warm backwaters are necessary for calibration of the TIR data. The ground-truth data need to be collected with good locational accuracy. The derived water-temperature data provide the capability for rapid, wide-area mapping of warm-water fish habitats using a threshold temperature for such habitats.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The collected daytime TIR data were ineffective in mapping (detecting) both archaeological structures and natural springs (seeps). The inability of the daytime TIR data to detect archaeological structures is attributed to the low thermal sensitivity (0.3 °C) of the collected data. The detection of subtle thermal differences between geologic materials requires sensitivities of at least 0.1 °C, which can be obtained by most TIR sensors using an appropriate gain setting. Simultaneous data collection for both land and water purposes can be achieved using sensors that collect TIR data in two separate channels, each channel using a gain setting most appropriate for land or water. The detection of archaeological structures and natural water seeps would also be improved by collection of data after sunset, which would require a separate data acquisition from that providing surface water temperature data and therefore additional cost.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>At this point, the cost for acquiring TIR data is quite high ($620/river-km) compared to the potential benefits of the data, unless reflected-wavelength data are also collected that can satisfy other GCMRC protocol requirements (such as mapping riparian vegetation). This is especially true if multiple data acquisitions are required during the year for temporal analyses of backwater areas. The cost for these data cannot be totally mitigated by its ability to partly replace the need for ground surveys of backwaters because calibration of the TIR data will require some ground-truth data from warm backwater areas (in addition to low-temperature main-stem data). However, the airborne data can provide a product that cannot be approached by ground surveys, that being an instantaneous (2 hour) map of surface water temperature over a 160-km stretch of the Grand Canyon.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02367","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., 2002, Evaluation of airborne thermal-infrared image data for monitoring aquatic habitats and cultural resources within the Grand Canyon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-367, Report: PDF, 49 p.; Report: TXT, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02367.","productDescription":"Report: PDF, 49 p.; Report: TXT","numberOfPages":"49","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":176443,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02367.jpg"},{"id":283858,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0367/pdf/of02-367.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":283859,"rank":2,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0367/508.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":4340,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0367/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0572,35.6882 ], [ -114.0572,36.5318 ], [ -111.828,36.5318 ], [ -111.828,35.6882 ], [ -114.0572,35.6882 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625898","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":241706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":50536,"text":"ofr02396 - 2002 - Cruise report RV Moana Wave Cruise M-1-02-GM bathymetry and acoustic backscatter of the mid and outer continental shelf, head of De Soto Canyon, northeastern Gulf of Mexico June 17, through July 9, 2002 Pensacola, FL to Pensacola, FL","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-21T18:25:42.01172","indexId":"ofr02396","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-396","title":"Cruise report RV Moana Wave Cruise M-1-02-GM bathymetry and acoustic backscatter of the mid and outer continental shelf, head of De Soto Canyon, northeastern Gulf of Mexico June 17, through July 9, 2002 Pensacola, FL to Pensacola, FL","docAbstract":"The mid to outer continental shelf off Mississippi-Alabama and off northwest Florida were the focus of US Geological Survey (USGS) multibeam echosounder (MBES) mapping cruises in 2000 and 2001, respectively. These areas were mapped to investigate the extent of \"deep-water reefs\" first suggested by Ludwick and Walton (1957). The reefs off Mississippi and Alabama were initially described in water depths of 60 to 120 m (Ludwick and Walton, 1957) but the 2000 mapping found reef and hardgrounds to be much more extensive than previously thought (Gardner et al., 2001). The persistent trend of reef-like features along the outer shelf of Mississippi-Alabama suggested the trend might continue along the northwest Florida mid and outer shelf so a MBES-mapping effort was mounted in 2001 to test this suggestion. It is critical to determine the accurate location, geomorphology, and types of the ridges and reefs that occur in this region to understand the Quaternary history of the area and to assess their importance as benthic habitats for fisheries. The 2001 survey found a series of shelf-depth platforms with ridges (possibly reefs) constructed on their surfaces (Gardner et al., 2002).\n\nThe area known as the \"head of De Soto Canyon\" is the large unmapped region between the 2000 and 2001 mapped areas. The head of De Soto Canyon is an outer shelf zone with a relatively steep western wall and a much gentler eastern wall. It was unknown prior to this cruise whether the reefs of the Mississippi-Alabama shelf continue eastward into the head of De Soto Canyon and connect with the ridges and reefs mapped on the northwest Florida outer shelf. The existence of carbonate-cemented latest Quaternary to Holocene sandstones along the western wall of the head of De Soto Canyon (Shipp and Hopkins, 1978; Benson et al., 1997; W.W. Schroeder, personnel comm., 2002) is of interest because of the potential benthic habitats they may represent. \n\nPrecisely georeferenced high-resolution mapping of bathymetry is a fundamental first step in the study of an area suspected to be critical benthic habitats. Morphology is thought to be critical to define the distribution of dominant demersal plankton/planktivores communities. Community structure and trophodynamics of demersal fishes of the outer continental shelf of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico presently are focuses of a major USGS research project. A goal of the project is to answer questions concerning the relative roles played by morphology and surficial geology in controlling biological differentiation. Deep-water ridges, reefs, and outcrops are important because they are fish havens and key spawning sites, and are critical habitats for larval, juvenile, and economically important sport/food fishes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02396","usgsCitation":"Gardner, J.V., Hughes Clarke, J.E., and Meyer, L.A., 2002, Cruise report RV Moana Wave Cruise M-1-02-GM bathymetry and acoustic backscatter of the mid and outer continental shelf, head of De Soto Canyon, northeastern Gulf of Mexico June 17, through July 9, 2002 Pensacola, FL to Pensacola, FL: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-396, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02396.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":389557,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52492.htm"},{"id":283871,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0396/intro.html"},{"id":178428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02396.jpg"},{"id":4348,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0396/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico, head Of De Soto Canyon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.333333,23.716667 ], [ -92.333333,31.25 ], [ -79.683333,31.25 ], [ -79.683333,23.716667 ], [ -92.333333,23.716667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ee4b07f02db63ff7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, James V.","contributorId":93035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hughes Clarke, John E.","contributorId":58676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hughes Clarke","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, Larry A.","contributorId":12555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":50485,"text":"ofr0287 - 2002 - Streamflow gain/loss in the Republican River basin, Nebraska, March 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:21","indexId":"ofr0287","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-87","title":"Streamflow gain/loss in the Republican River basin, Nebraska, March 1989","docAbstract":"This arc and point data set contains streamflow measurement sites and reaches indicating streamflow gain or loss under base-flow conditions along the Republican River and tributaries in Nebraska during March 21 to 22, 1989 (Boohar and others, 1990). These measurements were made to obtain data on ground-water/surface-water interaction. Flow was visually observed to be zero, was measured, or was estimated at 136 sites. The measurements were made on the main stem of the Republican River and all flowing tributaries that enter the Republican River above Swanson Reservoir and parts of the Frenchman, Red Willow, and Medicine Creek drainages in the Nebraska part of the Republican River Basin. Tributaries were followed upstream until the first road crossing where zero flow was encountered. For selected streams, points of zero flow upstream of the first zero flow site were also checked. \r\n\r\nStreamflow gain or loss for each stream reach was calculated by subtracting the streamflow values measured at the upstream end of the reach and values for contributing tributaries from the downstream value. The data obtained reflected base-flow conditions suitable for estimating streamflow gains and losses for stream reaches between sites. \r\n\r\nThis digital data set was created by manually plotting locations of streamflow measurements. These points were used to designate stream-reach segments to calculate gain/loss per river mile. Reach segments were created by manually splitting the lines from a 1:250,000 hydrography data set (Soenksen and others, 1999) at every location where the streams were measured. Each stream-reach segment between streamflow-measurement sites was assigned a unique reach number. All other lines in the hydrography data set without reach numbers were omitted.\r\n\r\nThis data set was created to archive the calculated streamflow gains and losses of selected streams in part of the Republican River Basin, Nebraska in March 1989, and make the data available for use with geographic information systems (GIS). \r\n\r\nIf measurement sites are used separately from reaches, the maximum scale of 1:100,000 should not be exceeded. When used in conjunction with the reach segments, the maximum scale should not exceed 1:250,000.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0287","usgsCitation":"Johnson, M., Stanton, J.S., Cornwall, J.F., and Landon, M.K., 2002, Streamflow gain/loss in the Republican River basin, Nebraska, March 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-87, 2 refs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0287.","productDescription":"2 refs","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4294,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ofr02-087/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4cf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanton, Jennifer S. 0000-0002-2520-753X jstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2520-753X","contributorId":830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cornwall, James F.","contributorId":74067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornwall","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":51127,"text":"ofr2002368 - 2002 - High-Resolution Multichannel Seismic-Reflection Data Acquired in the Northern Gulf of Mexico, 1998-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:10","indexId":"ofr2002368","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-368","title":"High-Resolution Multichannel Seismic-Reflection Data Acquired in the Northern Gulf of Mexico, 1998-99","docAbstract":"During June 1998 and April 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted two research cruises in the northern Gulf of Mexico to acquire high-resolution seismic reflection data across the upper and middle continental slope as part of an investigation of the seismic character, distribution, and potential effects of naturally-occurring marine gas hydrates and related free gas within the gas hydrate stability zone. Over 1600 km of two-dimensional multichannel seismic reflection profiles were acquired during these two cruises. The specific objectives of this investigation are (a) to produce high-resolution images of the gas hydrate stability zone; (b) to study the distribution and character of potential seafloor failures and their relationship to known and inferred gas hydrate deposits; (c) to look at systematic variations in subsurface structure in gas hydrate and non-hydrate areas; and (d) to estimate, if possible, the amounts of hydrates present within the gas hydrate stability zone. The multichannel profiles provide high-quality images with approximately 5 meters of vertical resolution and up to 2 km of penetration. This report gives an overview of the acquisition and data processing of the multichannel seismic reflection profiles and provides references and links to reports with more detailed information. Geologic interpretations of these seismic profiles regarding gas hydrate occurrence and distribution within the study areas of this investigation are given in Cooper and Hart (2002).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr2002368","usgsCitation":"Hart, P.E., Cooper, A.K., Twichell, D.C., Lee, M., and Agena, W., 2002, High-Resolution Multichannel Seismic-Reflection Data Acquired in the Northern Gulf of Mexico, 1998-99 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-368, Available online only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2002368.","productDescription":"Available online only","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1998-06-01","temporalEnd":"1999-04-30","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11505,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-368/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98,25 ], [ -98,32 ], [ -79,32 ], [ -79,25 ], [ -98,25 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635699","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Patrick E. 0000-0002-5080-1426 hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-1426","contributorId":2879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, Alan K. acooper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Alan","email":"acooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Twichell, David C.","contributorId":37730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":243000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Myung","contributorId":13690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Agena, Warren","contributorId":35001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agena","given":"Warren","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":50479,"text":"ofr0280 - 2002 - Streamflow gain/loss in the Republican River basin, Nebraska, July 1975","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:21","indexId":"ofr0280","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-80","title":"Streamflow gain/loss in the Republican River basin, Nebraska, July 1975","docAbstract":"This arc and point data set contains streamflow-measurement sites and reaches indicating streamflow gain or loss under base-flow conditions along Republican River tributaries in Dundy and Chase Counties, Nebraska during July 14 to 18, 1975 (U.S. Geological Survey, 1976). The streamflow measurements were made to obtain data on ground-water/surface-water interaction. Flow was observed visually to be zero, was measured, or was estimated at 55 sites. Tributaries were followed upstream until the first road crossing where zero flow was encountered. For selected streams, points of zero flow upstream of the first zero flow site also were checked. \r\n\r\nStreamflow gain or loss for each stream reach was calculated by subtracting the streamflow values measured at the upstream end of the reach and values for contributing tributaries from the downstream value. The data obtained reflected base-flow conditions suitable for estimating streamflow gains and losses for stream reaches between sites. \r\n\r\nThis digital data set was created by manually plotting locations of streamflow measurements. These points were used to designate stream-reach segments to calculate gain/loss per river mile. Reach segments were created by manually splitting the lines from a 1:250,000 hydrography data set (Soenksen and others, 1999) at every location where the streams were measured. Each stream-reach segment between streamflow-measurement sites was assigned a unique reach number. All other lines in the hydrography data set without reach numbers were omitted.\r\n\r\nThis data set was created to archive the calculated streamflow gains and losses of tributary streams to the Republican River in Dundy and Chase Counties, Nebraska, in July 1975, and make the data available for use with geographic information systems (GIS). \r\n\r\nIf measurement sites are used separately from reaches, the maximum scale of 1:100,000 should not be exceeded. When used in conjunction with the reach segments, the maximum scale should not exceed 1:250,000.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0280","usgsCitation":"Johnson, M., Stanton, J.S., Cornwall, J.F., and Landon, M.K., 2002, Streamflow gain/loss in the Republican River basin, Nebraska, July 1975: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-80, 2 refs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0280.","productDescription":"2 refs","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4288,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ofr02-080/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae213","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanton, Jennifer S. 0000-0002-2520-753X jstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2520-753X","contributorId":830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cornwall, James F.","contributorId":74067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornwall","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":51124,"text":"ofr0237 - 2002 - Felt reports and intensity assignments for aftershocks and triggered events of the great 1906 California earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-06T09:46:00","indexId":"ofr0237","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-37","title":"Felt reports and intensity assignments for aftershocks and triggered events of the great 1906 California earthquake","docAbstract":"The San Andreas fault is the longest fault in California and one of the longest strikeslip faults in the world, yet little is known about the aftershocks following the most recent great event on the San Andreas, the M 7.8 San Francisco earthquake, on 18 April 1906. This open-file report is a compilation of first-hand accounts (felt reports) describing aftershocks and triggered events of the 1906 earthquake, for the first twenty months of the aftershock sequence (through December 1907). The report includes a chronological catalog. For the larger events, Modified Mercalli intensities (MMIs) have been assigned based on the descriptions judged to be the most reliable.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0237","usgsCitation":"Meltzner, A., and Wald, D.J., 2002, Felt reports and intensity assignments for aftershocks and triggered events of the great 1906 California earthquake: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-37, Repor: 301 p.; ASCII versions, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0237.","productDescription":"Repor: 301 p.; ASCII versions","numberOfPages":"301","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr0237.jpg"},{"id":4511,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0037/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283396,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0037/pdf/of02-37.pdf"},{"id":283397,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0037/asciivers.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.5,31.0 ], [ -125.5,43.0 ], [ -114.0,43.0 ], [ -114.0,31.0 ], [ -125.5,31.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5d3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meltzner, Aron J.","contributorId":97191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meltzner","given":"Aron J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":51115,"text":"ofr0264 - 2002 - Digital map of the elevation of the base of the High Plains Aquifer in the Republican River Basin upstream of Hardy, Nebraska, in parts of Nebraska, Kansas, and Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:27","indexId":"ofr0264","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-64","title":"Digital map of the elevation of the base of the High Plains Aquifer in the Republican River Basin upstream of Hardy, Nebraska, in parts of Nebraska, Kansas, and Colorado","docAbstract":"This digital spatial data set consists of the aquifer base elevation contours (50-foot contour interval) for part of the High Plains aquifer in the central United States. This subset of the High Plains aquifer covers the Republican River Basin in Nebraska, Kansas, and Colorado upstream from the streamflow station on the Republican River near Hardy, Nebraska, near the Kansas/Nebraska border. In Nebraska, the digitized contours extend to the South Platte, Platte, and Little Blue Rivers. In Colorado and Kansas, the digital contours extend to the edge of the High Plains aquifer. These boundaries were chosen to simplify boundary conditions for a computer simulation model being used for a hydrologic study of the Republican River Basin.  The data are not intended for use at scales larger than 1:500,000.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0264","usgsCitation":"Johnson, M., Cornwall, J.F., and Landon, M.K., 2002, Digital map of the elevation of the base of the High Plains Aquifer in the Republican River Basin upstream of Hardy, Nebraska, in parts of Nebraska, Kansas, and Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-64, 5 refs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0264.","productDescription":"5 refs","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4510,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ofr02-064/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65ac58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cornwall, James F.","contributorId":74067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornwall","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":51126,"text":"ofr02324 - 2002 - Digital soils survey map of the Patagonia Mountains, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-13T13:04:19","indexId":"ofr02324","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-324","title":"Digital soils survey map of the Patagonia Mountains, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>The ‘Soil Survey of Santa Cruz and Parts of Cochise\n      and Pima Counties, Arizona,' a product of the USDA’s\n      Soil Conservation Service and the Forest Service in\n      cooperation with the Arizona Agricultural Experiment\n      Station, released in 1979, was created according to\n      the site conditions in 1971, when soil scientists\n      identified soils types on aerial photographs. The\n      scale at which these maps were published is 1:20,000.</p>\n<br/>\n      <p>These soil maps were automated for incorporation into\n      the hydrologic modeling within a GIS. The aerial photos\n      onto which the soils units were drawn had not been\n      orthoganalized, and contained distortion. A total of 15\n      maps composed the study area. These maps were scanned\n      into TIFF format using an 8-bit black and white drum\n      scanner at 100 dpi. The images were imported into ERDAS\n      IMAGINE and the white borders were removed through\n      subset decollaring processes. Five CD-ROM’s containing\n      Digital Orthophoto Quarter Quads (DOQQ’s) were used to\n      register and rectify the scanned soils maps.  Polygonal\n      data was then attributed according to the datasets.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02324","usgsCitation":"Norman, L., Wissler, C., Guertin, D.P., and Gray, F., 2002, Digital soils survey map of the Patagonia Mountains, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-324, Report: 24 p.; Readme; Metadata; Dataset; Legend; Map: JPG format, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02324.","productDescription":"Report: 24 p.; Readme; Metadata; Dataset; Legend; Map: JPG format","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02324.jpg"},{"id":4513,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0324/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283898,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0324/00readme.txt"},{"id":283899,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0324/scs_soil.met"},{"id":283900,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0324/pdf/scs_soil.pdf"},{"id":283901,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0324/scs_soil.e00"},{"id":283902,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0324/scs_soil.avl"},{"id":283903,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0324/images/scs_soil.jpg"}],"scale":"35000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Patagonia Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.864671,31.348635 ], [ -110.864671,31.536392 ], [ -110.642353,31.536392 ], [ -110.642353,31.348635 ], [ -110.864671,31.348635 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db651835","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norman, Laura","contributorId":90382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wissler, Craig","contributorId":16912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wissler","given":"Craig","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guertin, D. Phillip","contributorId":46062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guertin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Phillip","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":242994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray, Floyd 0000-0002-0223-8966 fgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-8966","contributorId":603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Floyd","email":"fgray@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":50480,"text":"ofr0281 - 2002 - Streamflow gain/loss in the Republican River basin, Nebraska, October 1975","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:21","indexId":"ofr0281","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-81","title":"Streamflow gain/loss in the Republican River basin, Nebraska, October 1975","docAbstract":"This arc and point data set contains streamflow-measurement sites and reaches indicating streamflow gain or loss under base-flow conditions along Republican River tributaries in Dundy and Chase Counties, Nebraska during October 6 to 8, 1975 (U.S. Geological Survey, 1977). The streamflow measurements were made to obtain data on ground-water/surface-water interaction. Flow was observed visually to be zero, was measured, or was estimated at 64 sites. Tributaries were followed upstream until the first road crossing where zero flow was encountered. For selected streams, points of zero flow upstream of the first zero flow site also were checked. \r\n\r\nStreamflow gain or loss for each stream reach was calculated by subtracting the streamflow values measured at the upstream end of the reach and values for contributing tributaries from the downstream value. The data obtained reflected base-flow conditions suitable for estimating streamflow gains and losses for stream reaches between sites.\r\n\r\nThis digital data set was created by manually plotting locations of streamflow measurements. These points were used to designate stream-reach segments to calculate gain/loss per river mile. Reach segments were created by manually splitting the lines from a 1:250,000 hydrography data set (Soenksen and others, 1999) at every location where the streams were measured. Each stream-reach segment between streamflow-measurement sites was assigned a unique reach number. All other lines in the hydrography data set without reach numbers were omitted.\r\n\r\nThis data set was created to archive the calculated streamflow gains and losses of tributary streams to the Republican River in Dundy and Chase Counties, Nebraska, in October 1975, and make the data available for use with geographic information systems (GIS).\r\n\r\nIf measurement sites are used separately from reaches, the maximum scale of 1:100,000 should not be exceeded. When used in conjunction with the reach segments, the maximum scale should not exceed 1:250,000.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0281","usgsCitation":"Johnson, M., Stanton, J.S., Cornwall, J.F., and Landon, M.K., 2002, Streamflow gain/loss in the Republican River basin, Nebraska, October 1975: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-81, 2 refs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0281.","productDescription":"2 refs","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4289,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ofr02-081/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4eb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanton, Jennifer S. 0000-0002-2520-753X jstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2520-753X","contributorId":830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cornwall, James F.","contributorId":74067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornwall","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":40012,"text":"b2195 - 2002 - Rocks and geology in the San Francisco Bay region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-08T14:03:21","indexId":"b2195","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2195","title":"Rocks and geology in the San Francisco Bay region","docAbstract":"The landscape of the San Francisco Bay region is host to a greater variety of rocks than most other regions in the United States. This introductory guide provides illustrated descriptions of 46 common and important varieties of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock found in the region. Rock types are described in context of their identification qualities, how they form, and where they occur in the region. The guide also provides discussion about of regional geology, plate tectonics, the rock cycle, the significance of the selected rock types in relation to both earth history and the impact of mineral resources on the development in the region. Maps and text also provide information where rocks, fossils, and geologic features can be visited on public lands or in association with public displays in regional museums, park visitor centers, and other public facilities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2195","usgsCitation":"Stoffer, P.W., 2002, Rocks and geology in the San Francisco Bay region: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2195, iv, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2195.","productDescription":"iv, 58 p.","numberOfPages":"64","costCenters":[{"id":671,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":165264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/b2195.GIF"},{"id":3523,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2195/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":285897,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2195/b2195.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.9917,35.9913 ], [ -123.9917,38.6684 ], [ -120.7947,38.6684 ], [ -120.7947,35.9913 ], [ -123.9917,35.9913 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cd57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoffer, Philip W.","contributorId":32559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoffer","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":50535,"text":"ofr02391 - 2002 - Multibeam bathymetry and selected perspective views of main part of Glacier Bay, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-12T13:16:02","indexId":"ofr02391","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-391","title":"Multibeam bathymetry and selected perspective views of main part of Glacier Bay, Alaska","docAbstract":"Glacier Bay is a diverse fjord ecosystem with multiple tidewater glaciers and complex biological, geological, and oceanographic patterns that vary greatly along its length. The bay was completely glaciated prior to the 1700's, and subsequently experienced the fastest glacial retreat recorded in historical times. As a result, some of the highest rates of glacial sedimentation and uplift are observed here.\n\nGlacier Bay is the deepest silled fjord in Alaska, with depths of over 450 meters. The variety of physical processes and depths creates many diverse habitats within a relatively small area. Mapping benthic (seafloor) habitats is thus crucial to understanding and managing Glacier Bay's complex marine ecosystem and the marine species therein. High-resolution multibeam mapping of the bay, funded jointly by USGS and the National Park System, provides an unprecedented new baseline for resource and habitat assessment. Full integration of the new data set will require additional ground-truthing data (sampling) and analysis. The USGS goal is to develop integrated geological and oceanographic habitat models for the marine benthos in Glacier Bay, as a step toward determining the habitat relationships of critical species and resources within the Park.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02391","usgsCitation":"Carlson, P.R., Hooge, P., Cochrane, G., Stevenson, A., Dartnell, P., and Lee, K., 2002, Multibeam bathymetry and selected perspective views of main part of Glacier Bay, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-391, HTML page, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02391.","productDescription":"HTML page","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4347,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0391/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":178427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02391.jpg"},{"id":283892,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0391/intro.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -137.0187,58.3049 ], [ -137.0187,59.0615 ], [ -135.3983,59.0615 ], [ -135.3983,58.3049 ], [ -137.0187,58.3049 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b485c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, Paul R.","contributorId":81469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooge, Philip","contributorId":51644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooge","given":"Philip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cochrane, Guy","contributorId":104164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stevenson, Andrew","contributorId":102787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevenson","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dartnell, Pete","contributorId":33412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Pete","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lee, Kristen","contributorId":78809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Kristen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":50746,"text":"wri024185 - 2002 - Flow-system analysis of the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers in the Rapid City area, South Dakota — Conceptual model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-18T22:47:50.271307","indexId":"wri024185","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4185","title":"Flow-system analysis of the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers in the Rapid City area, South Dakota — Conceptual model","docAbstract":"<p>The conceptual model of the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers in the Rapid City area synthesizes the physical geography, hydraulic properties, and ground-water flow components of these important aquifers. The Madison hydrogeologic unit includes the karstic Madison aquifer, which is defined as the upper, more permeable 100 to 200 ft of the Madison Limestone, and the Madison confining unit, which consists of the lower, less permeable part of the Madison Limestone and the Englewood Formation. Overlying the Madison hydrogeologic unit is the Minnelusa hydrogeologic unit, which includes the Minnelusa aquifer in the upper, more permeable 200 to 300 ft and the Minnelusa confining unit in the lower, less permeable part. The Madison and Minnelusa hydrogeologic units outcrop in the study area on the eastern flank of the Black Hills where recharge occurs from streamflow losses and areal recharge. The conceptual model describes streamflow recharge, areal recharge, ground-water flow, storage in aquifers and confining units, unsaturated areas, leakage between aquifers, discharge from artesian springs, and regional outflow.</p><p>Effective transmissivities estimated for the Madison aquifer range from 500 to 20,000 ft<span class=\"sup\">2</span>/d and for the Minnelusa aquifer from 500 to 10,000 ft<span class=\"sup\">2</span>/d. Localized anisotropic transmissivity in the Madison aquifer has tensor ratios as high as 45:1. Vertical hydraulic conductivities for the Minnelusa confining unit determined from aquifer tests range from 1.3x10<span class=\"sup\">-3</span><span>&nbsp;</span>to 3.0x10<span class=\"sup\">-1</span><span>&nbsp;</span>ft/d. The confined storage coefficient of the Madison and Minnelusa hydrogeologic units was estimated as 3x10<span class=\"sup\">-4</span><span>&nbsp;</span>ft/d. Specific yield was estimated as 0.09 for the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers and 0.03 for the Madison and Minnelusa confining units. Potentiometric surfaces for the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers have a general easterly gradient of about 70 ft/mi with local variations. Temporal change in hydraulic head in the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers ranged from about 5 to 95 ft in water years 1988-97. The unconfined areas were estimated at about 53 and 36 mi<span class=\"sup\">2</span><span>&nbsp;</span>for the Madison and Minnelusa hydrogeologic units, respectively, in contrast to an aquifer analysis area of 629 mi<span class=\"sup\">2</span>.</p><p>Dye-tracer tests, stable isotopes, and hydrogeologic features were analyzed conjunctively to estimate generalized ground-water flowpaths in the Madison aquifer and their influences on the Minnelusa aquifer. The western Rapid City area between Boxelder Creek and Spring Creek was characterized as having undergone extensive tectonic activity, greater brecciation in the Minnelusa Formation, large transmissivities, generally upward hydraulic gradients from the Madison aquifer to the Minnelusa aquifer, many karst springs, and converging flowpaths.</p><p>Water-budget analysis included: (1) a dry-period budget for declining water levels; October 1, 1987, to March 31, 1993; (2) a wet-period budget for rising water levels, April 1, 1993, to September 30, 1997; and (3) a full 10-year period budget for water years 1988-97. By simultaneously balancing these water budgets, initial estimates of recharge, discharge, change in storage, and hydraulic properties were refined. Inflow rates for the 10-year budget included streamflow recharge of about 45 ft<span class=\"sup\">3</span>/s or 61 percent of the total budget and areal recharge of 22 ft<span class=\"sup\">3</span>/s or 30 percent. Streamflow recharge to the Madison hydrogeologic unit was about 86 percent of the total streamflow recharge. Outflow for the 10-year budget included springflow of 31 ft<span class=\"sup\">3</span>/s or 42 percent of the total budget, water use of about 10 ft<span class=\"sup\">3</span>/s or 14 percent, and regional outflow of 22 ft<span class=\"sup\">3</span>/s or 30 percent. Ground-water storage increased 9 ft<span class=\"sup\">3</span>/s during the 10-year period, and net ground-water movement from the Madison to Minnelusa hydrogeologic unit was about 8 ft<span class=\"sup\">3</span>/s.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024185","usgsCitation":"Long, A.J., and Putnam, L.D., 2002, Flow-system analysis of the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers in the Rapid City area, South Dakota — Conceptual model: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4185, vii, 100 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024185.","productDescription":"vii, 100 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4237,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024185/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":394486,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52784.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","city":"Rapid City","otherGeospatial":"Madison and Minnelusa aquifers","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.5296630859375,\n              43.810747313446996\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.9144287109375,\n              43.810747313446996\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.9144287109375,\n              44.422011314236634\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.5296630859375,\n              44.422011314236634\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.5296630859375,\n              43.810747313446996\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478ee4b07f02db489a6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Andrew J. 0000-0001-7385-8081 ajlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-8081","contributorId":989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew","email":"ajlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Putnam, Larry D. ldputnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"Larry","email":"ldputnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":242219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":51125,"text":"ofr02204 - 2002 - Conversion of historical topographic sheets (T-sheets) from paper to digital form; Florida Everglades and vicinity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T15:33:42.888476","indexId":"ofr02204","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-0204","title":"Conversion of historical topographic sheets (T-sheets) from paper to digital form; Florida Everglades and vicinity","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02204","isbn":"0607990627","usgsCitation":"Conversion of historical topographic sheets (T-sheets) from paper to digital form; Florida Everglades and vicinity; 2002; OFR; 2002-204; Smith, Thomas J., III; Foster, Ann M.; Briere, Peter R.; Jones, John W.; Van Arsdall, Carson","productDescription":"HTML Document: 1 CD-ROM","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4512,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0204/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":179137,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0204/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.09479583359331,\n              26.643885296477606\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.09479583359331,\n              24.327972112803963\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.11513304200784,\n              24.327972112803963\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.11513304200784,\n              26.643885296477606\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.09479583359331,\n              26.643885296477606\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","publishedDate":"2002-11-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6865d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Thomas J. III tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","email":"tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":242987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foster, Ann M. amfoster@usgs.gov","contributorId":3545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Ann","email":"amfoster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Briere, Peter R.","contributorId":14789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briere","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, John 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Van Arsdall, Carson","contributorId":73271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Arsdall","given":"Carson","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":44708,"text":"wri994174 - 2002 - Simulated pond-aquifer interactions under natural and stressed conditions near Snake Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-16T11:36:52","indexId":"wri994174","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4174","title":"Simulated pond-aquifer interactions under natural and stressed conditions near Snake Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"A numerical model was used to simulate pond-aquifer interactions under natural and stressed conditions near Snake Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Simulation results show that pond-bottom hydraulic conductivity, which represents the degree of hydraulic connection between the pond and the aquifer, is an important control on these interactions. As this parameter was incrementally increased from 10 to 350 feet per day, the rate of ground-water inflow into the pond under natural conditions increased by about 250 percent, the associated residence times of water in the pond decreased by about 50 percent, and ground-water inflow to the pond shifted closer to the pond shore. Most ground-water inflow (90 to 98 percent) was in the upper model layer, which corresponded to shallow, near-shore areas of the pond, over the entire range of pond-bottom hydraulic conductivity. Ground-water flow paths into the pond became more vertical, the contributing area to the pond became larger, and the pond captured water from greater depths in the aquifer as the hydraulic conductivity of the pond bottom was increased. The pond level, however, remained nearly constant, and regional ground-water levels and gradients differed little over the range of pond-bottom hydraulic conductivity, indicating that calibrated models with similar head solutions can have different pond-aquifer interaction characteristics.\r\n\r\n\r\nHydrologic stresses caused by a simulated plume-containment system that specifies the extraction and injection of large volumes of ground water near the pond increased the pond level by about 0.4 foot and ground-water inflow rates into the pond by about 25 percent. Several factors related to the operation of the simulated containment system are affected by the hydraulic conductivity of the pond bottom. With increasing pond-bottom hydraulic conductivity, the amount of injected water that flows into Snake Pond increased and the amount of water recirculated between extraction and injection wells decreased. Comparison of simulations in which pond-bottom hydraulic conductivity was varied throughout the pond and simulations in which hydraulic conductivity was varied only in areas corresponding to shallow, near-shore areas of the pond indicate that the simulated hydraulic conductivity of the pond bottom in deeper parts of the pond had little effect on pond-aquifer interactions under both natural and stressed conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994174","usgsCitation":"Walter, D.A., Masterson, J., and LeBlanc, D.R., 2002, Simulated pond-aquifer interactions under natural and stressed conditions near Snake Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4174, v, 35 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994174.","productDescription":"v, 35 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":172716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3750,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994174/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.7080078125,\n              41.57436130598913\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.89501953125,\n              41.57436130598913\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.89501953125,\n              42.049292638686836\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.7080078125,\n              42.049292638686836\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.7080078125,\n              41.57436130598913\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f9af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walter, Donald A. 0000-0003-0879-4477 dawalter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-4477","contributorId":1101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Donald","email":"dawalter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masterson, John P. 0000-0003-3202-4413 jpmaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-4413","contributorId":1865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masterson","given":"John P.","email":"jpmaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":230296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628 dleblanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":1696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"dleblanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":39944,"text":"wri024172 - 2002 - Calculation of individual isotope equilibrium constants for implementation in geochemical models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-16T11:37:47","indexId":"wri024172","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4172","title":"Calculation of individual isotope equilibrium constants for implementation in geochemical models","docAbstract":"Theory is derived from the work of Urey to calculate equilibrium constants commonly used in geochemical equilibrium and reaction-transport models for reactions of individual isotopic species. Urey showed that equilibrium constants of isotope exchange reactions for molecules that contain two or more atoms of the same element in equivalent positions are related to isotope fractionation factors by , where is n the number of atoms exchanged. This relation is extended to include species containing multiple isotopes, for example and , and  to include the effects of nonideality. The equilibrium constants of the isotope exchange reactions provide a basis for calculating the individual isotope equilibrium constants for the geochemical modeling reactions. The temperature dependence of the individual isotope equilibrium constants can be calculated from the temperature dependence of the fractionation factors. Equilibrium constants are calculated for all species that can be formed from   and selected species containing , in the molecules        and the  ion pairs with where the subscripts g, aq, l, and s refer to gas, aqueous, liquid, and solid, respectively. These equilibrium constants are used in the geochemical model PHREEQC to produce an equilibrium and reaction-transport model that includes these isotopic species. Methods are presented for calculation of the individual isotope equilibrium constants for the asymmetric bicarbonate ion. An example calculates the equilibrium of multiple isotopes among multiple species and phases.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024172","usgsCitation":"Thorstenson, D.C., and Parkhurst, D.L., 2002, Calculation of individual isotope equilibrium constants for implementation in geochemical models: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4172, iv, 129 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024172.","productDescription":"iv, 129 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":165138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3642,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024172/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f966c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorstenson, Donald C.","contributorId":107323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorstenson","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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