Detailed geologic maps are the basis of most earth science investigations and can be used for natural hazard mitigation, resource identification and exploration, infrastructure planning, and more. As a part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) congressionally mandated National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (NCGMP), the EDMAP program (referred to as EDMAP) is a partnership between the USGS and participating colleges and universities that provides mentorship and training opportunities for earth science students nationwide. EDMAP supports graduate students and upper-level undergraduate students—under the guidance of a faculty member who serves as a “principal investigator”—for the training of students to become geologic mappers. Between 1996 and 2021, EDMAP funded geologic mapping educational experiences and training for 1,373 students at more than 170 universities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20233002","programNote":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","usgsCitation":"Shelton, J.L., Swezey, C.S., and Marketti, M., 2023, The EDMAP Program: Training the next generation of geologic mappers: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2023–3002, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20233002.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-131886","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":64806,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411786,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20233002/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2023-3002"},{"id":411784,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3002/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":411787,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3002/fs20233002.XML"},{"id":411788,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3002/images/"},{"id":411785,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3002/fs20233002.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.92 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2023-3002"}],"contact":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 908
Reston, VA 20192
Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) result from the interaction of the time variation of ground magnetic field during a geomagnetic disturbance with the Earth's deep electrical resistivity structure. In this study, we simulate induced GICs in a hypothetical representation of a low-latitude power transmission network located mainly over the large Paleozoic Paraná basin (PB) in southern Brazil. Two intense geomagnetic storms in June and December 2015 are chosen and geoelectric fields are calculated by convolving a three-dimensional (3-D) Earth resistivity model with recorded geomagnetic variations. The dB/dt proxy often used to characterize GIC activity fails during the June storm mainly due to the relationship of the instantaneous geoelectric field to previous magnetic field values. Precise resistances of network components are unknown, so assumptions are made for calculating GIC flows from the derived geoelectric field. The largest GICs are modeled in regions of low conductance in the 3-D resistivity model, concentrated in an isolated substation at the northern edge of the network and in a cluster of substations in its central part where the east-west (E-W) oriented transmission lines coincide with the orientation of the instantaneous geoelectric field. The maximum magnitude of the modeled GIC was obtained during the main phase of the June storm, modeled at a northern substation, while the lowest magnitudes were found over prominent crustal anomalies along the PB axis and bordering the continental margin. The simulation results will be used to prospect the optimal substations for installation of GIC monitoring equipment.
Masting describes the spatiotemporal variability in seed production by a population of plants. Both abiotic and biotic factors drive masting, but the importance of these factors can vary among individuals and populations. To better understand how a changing climate, altered disturbance regimes, or novel management strategies might affect future seed production, we quantified the joint influence of multiple factors on annual cone production in a widespread conifer species, Rocky Mountain ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum). We reconstructed individual-level annual cone production across climatic gradients using the cone abscission scar method, and explored the causes and drivers of masting in this species. Site-level responses between weather and masting were highly variable, notably differing in the strength of their response to either summer or spring weather. In addition, the relationship to summer precipitation during cone initiation, a primary driver of annual seed production in this species, was strongest at hotter and drier sites. Additionally, we found that masting was strongly influenced by tree- and stand-level factors such as diameter, age, and local neighborhood density, all of which were associated with the mean, interannual variability, and between-tree synchrony of cone production at the individual-level. Larger and older trees produced more cones, more frequently, and with less synchrony than smaller and younger trees. Open grown trees experiencing lower levels of neighborhood competition also produced more cones with less interannual variability, but with higher between-tree synchrony. Because tree- and stand-level traits appear to regulate seed production more strongly than climate or weather in this species, management interventions targeting these factors could be powerful tools to manage future tree recruitment. Thus, current efforts to reduce stand density and conserve large trees in some ponderosa pine forests may enhance tree-level seed production and reduce variability in seed crops among years.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2023.120794","usgsCitation":"Wion, A., Pearse, I., Rodman, K.C., Veblen, T.T., and Redmond, M., 2023, Masting is shaped by tree-level attributes and stand structure, more than climate, in a Rocky Mountain conifer species: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 531, 120794, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2023.120794.","productDescription":"120794, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-144420","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":416439,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, South Dakota, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.90275843175954,\n 45.00494791264421\n ],\n [\n -113.03797988217684,\n 45.00494791264421\n ],\n [\n -113.03797988217684,\n 35.165989564592365\n ],\n [\n -102.90275843175954,\n 35.165989564592365\n ],\n [\n -102.90275843175954,\n 45.00494791264421\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"531","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wion, Andreas","contributorId":225092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wion","given":"Andreas","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearse, Ian S. 0000-0001-7098-0495","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-0495","contributorId":211154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Ian","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodman, Kyle C.","contributorId":268842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodman","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":49843,"text":"U Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Veblen, Thomas T.","contributorId":192285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Veblen","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":870740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Redmond, Miranda D.","contributorId":225094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Redmond","given":"Miranda","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70241055,"text":"70241055 - 2023 - Recent and future declines of a historically widespread pollinator linked to climate, land cover, and pesticides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-08T13:17:43.875878","indexId":"70241055","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-23T07:11:57","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3164,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent and future declines of a historically widespread pollinator linked to climate, land cover, and pesticides","docAbstract":"The invasion of nonnative grasses threatens biodiversity and ecosystem function globally through competition with native plant species and increases to wildfire frequency and intensity. Management actions to reduce buffelgrass [Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link], an invasive warm-season perennial bunchgrass, are widely implemented, with chemical and mechanical treatments extending over two decades within Saguaro National Park in the Sonoran Desert of North America. We assessed how the effectiveness of treatments to reduce P. ciliare cover spanning from 2011 to 2020 were influenced by stage of invasion, treatment type and intensity, and environmental conditions. An increase in treatment effectiveness was largely explained by high initial cover of P. ciliare, an indicator of a late invasion stage and associated with high treatment intensity. Treatments had potential to be effective in patches as small as 0.3-m2 P. ciliare canopy per 400-m−2 area (<0.001% canopy cover) across treatment types and environmental gradients. Chemical treatments had higher or equal effectiveness compared with mechanical treatments, and greater reductions in P. ciliare were associated with shorter average years of treatment interruptions, or gaps, and to a lesser degree, total years of treatment. In many cases, P. ciliare was reduced with as little as 2 yr of treatment, but more than 3 average years of treatment gap could result in reduced treatment effectiveness. There was generally higher treatment effectiveness on shallow slopes, north- and east-facing aspects, and on higher elevations within one district of the park. Our findings highlight that resource-intensive treatments in all but the smallest patches of P. ciliare have largely been effective. Further opportunities for improvement include more frequent surveillance, limiting treatment gaps to ≤3 yr in areas of low P. ciliare cover, and comparison of treated with untreated areas.
Phragmites australis (common reed) has a cosmopolitan distribution and has been suggested as a model organism for the study of invasive plant species. In North America, the non-native subspecies (ssp. australis) is widely distributed across the contiguous 48 states in the United States and large parts of Canada. Even though millions of dollars are spent annually on Phragmites management, insufficient knowledge of P. australis impeded the efficiency of management. To solve this problem, transcriptomic information generated from multiple types of tissue could be a valuable resource for future studies. Here, we constructed forty-nine P. australis transcriptomes assemblies via different assembly tools and multiple parameter settings. The optimal transcriptome assembly for functional annotation and downstream analyses was selected among these transcriptome assemblies by comprehensive assessments. For a total of 422,589 transcripts assembled in this transcriptome assembly, 319,046 transcripts (75.5%) have at least one functional annotation. Within the transcriptome assembly, we further identified 1,495 transcripts showing tissue-specific expression pattern, 10,828 putative transcription factors, and 72,165 candidates for simple sequence repeats markers. The identification and analyses of predicted transcripts related to herbicide- and salinity-resistant genes were shown as two applications of the transcriptomic information to facilitate further research on P. australis. Transcriptome assembly and selection would be important for the transcriptome annotation. With this optimal transcriptome assembly and all relative information from downstream analyses, we have helped to establish foundations for future studies on the mechanisms underlying the invasiveness of non-native P. australis subspecies.
While recent efforts to catalogue Earth’s microbial diversity have focused upon surface and marine habitats, 12–20 % of Earth’s biomass is suggested to exist in the terrestrial deep subsurface, compared to ~1.8 % in the deep subseafloor. Metagenomic studies of the terrestrial deep subsurface have yielded a trove of divergent and functionally important microbiomes from a range of localities. However, a wider perspective of microbial diversity and its relationship to environmental conditions within the terrestrial deep subsurface is still required. Our meta-analysis reveals that terrestrial deep subsurface microbiota are dominated by Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Firmicutes, probably as a function of the diverse metabolic strategies of these taxa. Evidence was also found for a common small consortium of prevalent Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria operational taxonomic units across the localities. This implies a core terrestrial deep subsurface community, irrespective of aquifer lithology, depth and other variables, that may play an important role in colonizing and sustaining microbial habitats in the deep terrestrial subsurface. An in silico contamination-aware approach to analysing this dataset underscores the importance of downstream methods for assuring that robust conclusions can be reached from deep subsurface-derived sequencing data. Understanding the global panorama of microbial diversity and ecological dynamics in the deep terrestrial subsurface provides a first step towards understanding the role of microbes in global subsurface element and nutrient cycling.
","language":"English","publisher":"Microbiology Society","doi":"10.1099/mic.0.001172","usgsCitation":"Soares, A., Edwards, A.L., Bagnoud, A., Bradley, J., Barnhart, E.P., Bomberger Brown, M., Budwill, K., Caffrey, S.M., Fields, M., Gralnick., J., Kadnikov, V., Momper, L., Osburn, M., Mu, A., Moreau, J., Moser, D., Purkamo, L., Rassner, S.M., Sheik, C.S., Lollar, B.S., Toner, B., Voordouw, G., Wouters, K., and Mitchell, A.C., 2023, A global perspective on bacterial diversity in the terrestrial deep subsurface: Microbiology, v. 169, no. 1, 001172, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.001172.","productDescription":"001172, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-106711","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.001172","text":"External Repository"},{"id":412067,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"169","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soares, A.","contributorId":301036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soares","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65275,"text":"1. Department of Geography and Earth Sciences (DGES), Aberystwyth University (AU), Wales, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, A. L.","contributorId":43551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edwards","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":861820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bagnoud, A.","contributorId":301037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bagnoud","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65276,"text":"Institut de Génie Thermique (IGT), Haute École d'Ingénierie et de Gestion du Canton de Vaud (HEIG-VD), Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradley, J.","contributorId":301038,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bradley","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":65277,"text":"6. School of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barnhart, Elliott P. 0000-0002-8788-8393","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-8393","contributorId":203225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"Elliott","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":861824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bomberger Brown, M.","contributorId":169602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bomberger Brown","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25563,"text":"School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Budwill, K.","contributorId":301039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Budwill","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17795,"text":"Alberta Innovates, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Caffrey, S. M.","contributorId":301040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caffrey","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":65278,"text":"University of Toronto, Canada (UT)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fields, M.","contributorId":301041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fields","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65279,"text":"Center for Biofilm Engineering (CBE), Montana State University (MSU), USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gralnick., J.","contributorId":301042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gralnick.","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65280,"text":"Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, UM, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kadnikov, V.","contributorId":301043,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kadnikov","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65281,"text":"14. Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University (MoSU), Russia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Momper, L.","contributorId":301044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Momper","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65282,"text":"16. Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences (DEAPS), The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), United States of America (USA)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Osburn, M.","contributorId":301045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osburn","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65283,"text":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences (DEPS), Northwestern University (NWU), USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Mu, A.","contributorId":301073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mu","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":861833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Moreau, J.W.","contributorId":301046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moreau","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[{"id":65284,"text":"21. School of Earth Sciences, The University of Melbourne (UM), Parkville, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Moser, D.","contributorId":301047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moser","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65285,"text":"Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Desert Research Institute (DRI), Las Vegas, NV, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Purkamo, L.","contributorId":301048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Purkamo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65286,"text":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Rassner, S. M.","contributorId":301049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rassner","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":65287,"text":"Department of Geography and Earth Sciences (DGES), Aberystwyth University (AU), Wales, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Sheik, C. S.","contributorId":301050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheik","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":65288,"text":"Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota – Duluth (UMD)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Lollar, B. Sherwood","contributorId":106719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lollar","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Sherwood","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":861905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Toner, B. M.","contributorId":301051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toner","given":"B. M.","affiliations":[{"id":65289,"text":"Department of Soil, Water & Climate, University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Voordouw, G.","contributorId":301052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Voordouw","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65291,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Wouters, K.","contributorId":301053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wouters","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65292,"text":"Institute for Environment, Health and Safety (EHS), Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Mitchell, A. C.","contributorId":301054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitchell","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":65287,"text":"Department of Geography and Earth Sciences (DGES), Aberystwyth University (AU), Wales, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":861842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24}]}} ,{"id":70239922,"text":"70239922 - 2023 - Nitrogen-15 NMR study on the incorporation of nitrogen into aquatic NOM upon chloramination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-25T12:42:43.226364","indexId":"70239922","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-23T06:42:02","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":873,"text":"Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen-15 NMR study on the incorporation of nitrogen into aquatic NOM upon chloramination","docAbstract":"Chloramination is being used increasingly in water treatment to lower the formation of regulated disinfection byproducts (DBPs). How monochloramine nitrogen becomes incorporated into aquatic natural organic matter (NOM) and potentially affects the formation of nitrogenous DBPs is an unresolved question in the chemistry of humic substances. To address the problem, Suwannee River NOM and Suwannee River fulvic acid were reacted with preformed 15NH2Cl and analyzed by solid and liquid state 15N NMR spectrometry. Both samples were also reacted with 15NH4Cl as a control. A majority of the monochloramine nitrogen incorporated into the samples matched the structural forms resulting from the control reaction with ammonia, indicating that condensation reactions of ammonia with the carbonyl functionality can partly explain the transformation of the 15NH2Cl nitrogen into the NOM. These structural forms include aminohydroquinone, 1° amide, indole, and pyridine-like nitrogens. Spectra of the samples reacted with 15NH2Cl also showed possible evidence for nitrosophenol nitrogens, which would arise from the reaction of hydroxylamine or nitrite, intermediates in the chemical oxidation of the inorganic nitrogen to nitrate.
The shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) and endangered pallid sturgeon (S. albus) deposit demersal and adhesive eggs in swift currents, near or over coarse substrate. Hydrographic surveys have demonstrated the dynamic nature of spawning habitats and that coarse substrates may episodically be buried (partially or completely) by fine sediments. To evaluate embryo survival of both species in various substrate conditions, laboratory trials were conducted with substrates of clean glass, gravel, medium-coarse sand (MCS), and fine sand-silt (FSS). Embryos in MCS and FSS were tested three ways: unburied, partially buried, and fully buried (1–2-mm depth). Embryos were exposed to trial conditions for 10 days from the day of fertilization (5 days beyond expected hatching). For both species, mean hatch of normally developed free embryos was highest in unburied treatments where embryos were incubated on substrates and not covered with sediments and ranged from 81.0 to 87.1% for shovelnose sturgeon and 55.2–80.0% for pallid sturgeon. Mean hatch of normal free embryos was lowest where incubating embryos were fully buried by MCS or FSS and ranged from 2.4 to 11.6% for shovelnose sturgeon and 4.8–15.2% for pallid sturgeon. We observed free embryos with physical abnormalities in all treatments; however, the occurrence was most variable in treatments fully and partially buried by MCS. Hatch of both species was also delayed in treatments where embryos were incubated fully and partially buried by MCS. Our results may be useful to estimate the relative suitability of spawning substrates in relevant river reaches.
Cycles of stress build-up and release are inherent to tectonically active planets. Such stress oscillations impart strain and damage, prompting mechanically loaded rocks and materials to fail. Here, we investigate, under uniaxial conditions, damage accumulation and weakening caused by time-dependent creep (at 60, 65, and 70% of the rocks’ expected failure stress) and repeating stress oscillations (of ± 2.5, 5.0 or 7.5% of the creep load), simulating earthquakes at a shaking frequency of ~ 1.3 Hz in volcanic rocks. The results show that stress oscillations impart more damage than constant loads, occasionally prompting sample failure. The magnitudes of the creep stresses and stress oscillations correlate with the mechanical responses of our porphyritic andesites, implicating progressive microcracking as the cause of permanent inelastic strain. Microstructural investigation reveals longer fractures and higher fracture density in the post-experimental rock. We deconvolve the inelastic strain signal caused by creep deformation to quantify the amount of damage imparted by each individual oscillation event, showing that the magnitude of strain is generally largest with the first few oscillations; in instances where pre-existing damage and/or the oscillations’ amplitude favour the coalescence of micro-cracks towards system scale failure, the strain signal recorded shows a sharp increase as the number of oscillations increases, regardless of the creep condition. We conclude that repetitive stress oscillations during earthquakes can amplify the amount of damage in otherwise mechanically loaded materials, thus accentuating their weakening, a process that may affect natural or engineered structures. We specifically discuss volcanic scenarios without wholesale failure, where stress oscillations may generate damage, which could, for example, alter pore fluid pathways, modify stress distribution and affect future vulnerability to rupture and associated hazards.
The U.S. Geological Survey’s online Water Science School is a one-stop shop for water education resources. In addition to sharing images, data, and diagrams, the Water Science School provides lesson plans for teachers as well as multiple interactive activities for students, such as questionnaires, calculators, and quizzes. This bookmark introduces Drippy, the Water Science School mascot, and shares fun facts about water that can also be found on our website at https://www.usgs.gov/water-science-school.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip219","usgsCitation":"Gross, T.A., 2023, Water Science School [bookmark]: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 219, https://doi.org/10.3133/gip219.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-142449","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411628,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/219/gip219.pdf","text":"Report","size":"135 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"GIP 219"},{"id":411627,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/219/coverthb5.jpg"}],"contact":"Integrated Information Dissemination Division
Water Resource Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
1 Gifford Pinchot Drive
Madison, WI 53726
water-science-school@usgs.gov
The endangered Pallid Sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus albus, has been actively managed to prevent population declines, including stocking of hatchery-raised fish. The gut microbiome plays an innate role in an organism’s absorption of nutrients by increasing nutrient availability and can provide new insights for Pallid Sturgeon management. In this study, the Pallid Sturgeon’s microbiome is dominated by the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria. It was also determined that the gut bacterial diversity in hatchery-raised Pallid Sturgeon was not significantly different from wild Pallid Sturgeon, supporting that hatchery-raised Pallid Sturgeon are transitioning effectively to wild diets. There is also a high degree of intraspecific variation in the bacterial and eukaryotic sequences amongst individual Pallid Sturgeon microbiomes, suggesting the Pallid Sturgeon may be omnivorous. This study demonstrated that genetic markers may be used to effectively describe the dietary requirements for wild Pallid Sturgeon and provides the first genetic evidence that Pallid Sturgeons are effectively transitioning from hatchery-raised environments to the wild.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/life13020309","usgsCitation":"Gaughan, S., Kyndt, J.A., Haas, J., Steffensen, K.D., Kocovsky, P.M., and Pope, K.L., 2023, Using the gut microbiome to assess stocking efforts of the endangered Pallid Sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus albus: Life, v. 13, no. 2, 309, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020309.","productDescription":"309, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-144575","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":251,"text":"Ecosystems Mission Area","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13020309","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.56389198609394,\n 39.317382159561134\n ],\n [\n -94.50283653281684,\n 38.94572604735089\n ],\n [\n -93.11351504212112,\n 39.07447226796772\n ],\n [\n -92.4167698712432,\n 38.548616440710276\n ],\n [\n -90.20851799470084,\n 38.46490566228704\n ],\n [\n -90.21340630692228,\n 38.77147554245204\n ],\n [\n -91.99005081923923,\n 38.93927510299582\n ],\n [\n -92.53198669665555,\n 39.24462103654996\n ],\n [\n -93.15542850854091,\n 39.439470504221276\n ],\n [\n -94.56389198609394,\n 39.317382159561134\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-01-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaughan, Sarah","contributorId":341081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaughan","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81699,"text":"Bellevue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kyndt, John A.","contributorId":341082,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kyndt","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":81699,"text":"Bellevue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haas, Justin D.","contributorId":341083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haas","given":"Justin D.","affiliations":[{"id":17640,"text":"Nebraska Game and Parks Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steffensen, Kirk D.","contributorId":196924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steffensen","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":907918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kocovsky, Patrick M. 0000-0003-4325-4265 pkocovsky@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-4265","contributorId":3429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocovsky","given":"Patrick","email":"pkocovsky@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":251,"text":"Ecosystems Mission Area","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pope, Kevin L. 0000-0003-1876-1687","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-1687","contributorId":270762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70239884,"text":"70239884 - 2023 - Bioenergetics model for the nonnative Redside Shiner","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-01T17:13:23.018047","indexId":"70239884","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-22T06:33:48","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioenergetics model for the nonnative Redside Shiner","docAbstract":"Redside Shiner Richardsonius balteatus has expanded from its native range in the Pacific Northwest region of North America to establish populations in six other western states. This expansion has fueled concerns regarding competition between Redside Shiner and native species, including salmonids. We developed a bioenergetic model for Redside Shiner, providing a powerful tool to quantify its trophic role in invaded ecosystems and evaluate potential impacts on native species.
Mass- and temperature-dependent functions for consumption and respiration were fit based on controlled laboratory experiments of maximum consumption rates and routine metabolic rates using intermittent-flow respirometry, across a range of fish sizes (0.6–27.3 g) and temperatures (5–31°C). Laboratory growth experiments were conducted to corroborate model performance across different temperatures and feeding rates.
Initial bioenergetic simulations of long-term growth experiments indicated large model error for predicted consumption and growth, and deviations from observed responses varied systematically as a function of daily consumption rate (J·g−1·d−1) and water temperature. A growth rate error correction function was developed and included in the bioenergetics model framework on a daily time step, resulting in decreased absolute model error in all experimental groups. Predicted values from the corrected model were highly correlated with observed values (�2; consumption = 0.97, final weight = 0.99) and unbiased. These results show that the optimal temperature for Redside Shiner growth (18°C) exceeds that of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. by 2–6°C under a scenario of high food availability and moderate food quality.
Consequently, increases in water temperature associated with climate change may favor growth and expansion of Redside Shiner populations, while negatively affecting some salmonids. The bioenergetics model presented here provides the necessary first step in quantifying trophic impacts in sensitive ecosystems where Redside Shiner have invaded or in ecosystems where anadromous salmonid reintroductions are being considered.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10392","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.C., Beauchamp, D., and Olden, J., 2023, Bioenergetics model for the nonnative Redside Shiner: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 152, no. 1, p. 94-113, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10392.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"94","endPage":"113","ipdsId":"IP-140159","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444746,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10392","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435494,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9NAIACL","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data used to parameterize and evaluate a bioenergetics model for Redside Shiner (Richardsonius balteatus)"},{"id":412271,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"152","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-01-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Rachelle Carina 0000-0003-1480-4088","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1480-4088","contributorId":241962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Rachelle","email":"","middleInitial":"Carina","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":862274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beauchamp, David 0000-0002-3592-8381","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-8381","contributorId":217816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":862275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olden, Julian D.","contributorId":202893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olden","given":"Julian D.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":862276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70266472,"text":"70266472 - 2023 - Habitat selection of a migratory freshwater fish in response to seasonal hypoxia as revealed by acoustic telemetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-07T18:10:32.226189","indexId":"70266472","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat selection of a migratory freshwater fish in response to seasonal hypoxia as revealed by acoustic telemetry","docAbstract":"Adaptive efforts to achieve water quality objectives by modifying nutrient loading can have attendant impacts on fish habitats and fisheries. Thus, coordinating fishery and water quality management depends on knowledge of fish behavioral responses to habitat change. This study combined acoustic telemetry of fish with water quality modeling to understand how water quality management might impact fishery management. We examined habitat use of a native demersal fish, lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis, in Lake Erie. We focused on the summer stratified period when habitat was expected to be most limiting and used a forecast model to predict temperature and oxygen in the hypolimnion when fish were detected. As hypothesized, lake whitefish occupied a subset of available conditions with occupied habitats characterized by a cool, normoxic, hypolimnion. On some occasions fish were detected when the hypolimnion was predicted to be hypoxic, suggesting that fish were either displaced vertically or horizontally into marginal habitats or uncertainty in model predictions was high. Still, when hypolimnetic conditions were hypoxic, fish tended to move toward normoxia as expected, but when initial conditions were cold with high dissolved oxygen, fish movements were toward lower oxygen (but still normoxic) conditions. We also observed a high affinity for fish to remain near the southern shore in eastern Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. If current nutrient reduction objectives are achieved and the extent and severity of hypoxia is reduced, an expansion of lake whitefish habitat and distribution may have significance to the spatial regulation of fishing effort in Lake Erie.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2023.01.004","usgsCitation":"Kraus, R., Cook, H., Faust, M., Schmitt, J., Rowe, M., and Vandergoot, C., 2023, Habitat selection of a migratory freshwater fish in response to seasonal hypoxia as revealed by acoustic telemetry: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 49, no. 5, p. 1004-1014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2023.01.004.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1004","endPage":"1014","ipdsId":"IP-144704","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":485514,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.45746247368997,\n 42.19332204270543\n ],\n [\n -83.58088952321158,\n 41.37751990998936\n ],\n [\n -81.36793483137687,\n 41.36610477953545\n ],\n [\n -79.12723694634781,\n 42.41574902379864\n ],\n [\n -78.7500162167698,\n 43.007471194229566\n ],\n [\n -81.13424345938826,\n 42.76252432461877\n ],\n [\n -82.2940150129951,\n 42.35073159163453\n ],\n [\n -83.45746247368997,\n 42.19332204270543\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kraus, Richard 0000-0003-4494-1841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4494-1841","contributorId":216548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":936069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cook, H. Andrew","contributorId":354648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"H. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":65742,"text":"Ontario Ministry of Northern Development, Mines, Natural Resources and Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faust, Matthew D.","contributorId":354649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faust","given":"Matthew D.","affiliations":[{"id":16232,"text":"Ohio Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmitt, Joseph 0000-0002-8354-4067","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-4067","contributorId":221020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":936072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rowe, Mark D.","contributorId":354650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rowe","given":"Mark D.","affiliations":[{"id":34438,"text":"NOAA-GLERL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vandergoot, Christopher S.","contributorId":354651,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vandergoot","given":"Christopher S.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70239845,"text":"70239845 - 2023 - Appendix D: Synthesis element 1 (revised): Water temperature effects on fisheries and stream health in nontidal waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-18T16:06:37.364881","indexId":"70239845","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-20T11:03:04","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesNumber":"23-001","title":"Appendix D: Synthesis element 1 (revised): Water temperature effects on fisheries and stream health in nontidal waters","docAbstract":"A limited review of relevant scientific literature related to temperature sensitivities of fish species, stream health indicators, and any related geospatial information was conducted. Based on this review, we provide a syntheses of information related to nontidal waters in the Chesapeake Bay Rising stream temperatures will have a range of impacts on nontidal aquatic ecosystems. Cold headwaters and associated species like brook trout and sculpin are especially vulnerable to higher stream temperatures. Efforts could be taken to identify and protect high quality resilient cold headwater brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) habitat. More information on groundwater impacts on stream temperatures and ecologically relevant temperature thresholds for species of concern could help resource managers identify temperature resilient habitats and populations. A vulnerability assessment could be valuable to better understand the drivers and stressors of rising stream temperatures, their effects on aquatic resources, and the risk to fish and other aquatic species. Further research could help in developing and fully vetting a complete list of cold/cool water benthic macroinvertebrate taxa and freshwater mussel taxa that are vulnerable to temperature change in the Chesapeake watershed.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rising watershed and bay water temperatures— Ecological implications and management responses","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Chesapeake Bay Program STAC","usgsCitation":"Faulkner, S., Borsuk, F., Pond, G., Krause, K., Fanelli, R.M., Cashman, M.J., Hitt, N.P., and Letcher, B., 2023, Appendix D: Synthesis element 1 (revised): Water temperature effects on fisheries and stream health in nontidal waters.","startPage":"D-1","endPage":"D-25","ipdsId":"IP-145529","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501259,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":501258,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.chesapeake.org/stac/document-library/rising-watershed-and-bay-water-temperatures-ecological-implications-and-management-responses/"}],"country":"25 p.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faulkner, Stephen 0000-0001-5295-1383 faulkners@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5295-1383","contributorId":146152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulkner","given":"Stephen","email":"faulkners@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":862116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borsuk, Frank","contributorId":301126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borsuk","given":"Frank","affiliations":[{"id":37230,"text":"EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":862117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pond, Greg","contributorId":238186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pond","given":"Greg","affiliations":[{"id":13529,"text":"US Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":862118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krause, Kevin","contributorId":301127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krause","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":65315,"text":"MN DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":862119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fanelli, Rosemary M. 0000-0002-0874-1925 rfanelli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0874-1925","contributorId":199822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fanelli","given":"Rosemary","email":"rfanelli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":862120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cashman, Matthew J. 0000-0002-6635-4309","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6635-4309","contributorId":203315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cashman","given":"Matthew","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":862121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hitt, Nathaniel P. 0000-0002-1046-4568 nhitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-4568","contributorId":4435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nhitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":862122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Letcher, Benjamin 0000-0003-0191-5678 bletcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":169305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"Benjamin","email":"bletcher@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":862123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70253916,"text":"70253916 - 2023 - Product specification document for dynamic surface water extent from Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-03T15:37:18.030859","indexId":"70253916","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-20T10:34:26","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"JPL D-107395, Rev - Preliminary","title":"Product specification document for dynamic surface water extent from Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2","docAbstract":"The primary purpose of this document is to convey product specifications of the OPERA (Observational Products for End-users from Remote-sensing Analysis) Level-3 Dynamic Surface Water Extent (DSWx) product that uses Harmonized Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2A/B (HLS) as the primary image-based inputs. This product, referred to by the short name DSWx-HLS, will be generated by the OPERA Data System (SDS). It will be openly distributed by NASA’s Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC).
","language":"English","publisher":"NASA","usgsCitation":"Jones, J., and Shiroma, G., 2023, Product specification document for dynamic surface water extent from Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2, 28 p.","productDescription":"28 p.","ipdsId":"IP-141277","costCenters":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":428344,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/OPERA_L3_DSWX-HLS_PROVISIONAL_V0","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":428362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, John 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":900099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shiroma, G. 0000-0002-7753-1876","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7753-1876","contributorId":336189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shiroma","given":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":27365,"text":"NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70239747,"text":"sir20225107 - 2023 - Using Global Fiducials Library high-resolution imagery, commercial satellite imagery, Landsat and Sentinel satellite imagery, and aerial photography to monitor change at East Timbalier Island, Louisiana, 1953–2021","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-23T19:32:52.536466","indexId":"sir20225107","displayToPublicDate":"2023-01-20T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2022-5107","displayTitle":"Using Global Fiducials Library High-Resolution Imagery, Commercial Satellite Imagery, Landsat and Sentinel Satellite Imagery, and Aerial Photography to Monitor Change at East Timbalier Island, Louisiana, 1953–2021","title":"Using Global Fiducials Library high-resolution imagery, commercial satellite imagery, Landsat and Sentinel satellite imagery, and aerial photography to monitor change at East Timbalier Island, Louisiana, 1953–2021","docAbstract":"This report documents morphological changes between 1953 and 2021 at East Timbalier Island, Louisiana, a Gulf of Mexico barrier island. East Timbalier Island, which was located west of the Mississippi River Delta at the front of Timbalier Bay, was one of the most rapidly changing barrier islands on Earth. Since aerial photographs were initially taken in 1953, the Island steadily lost length and area, finally eroding away by early summer 2021. After major storm events, sediment eroded from the Island and migrated hundreds of meters north. In August 1992, Hurricane Andrew breached the Island in several places, resulting in increased erosion and land loss. Until it completely eroded away, the Island underwent a cycle of washovers, vegetation removal, breaching, and erosion with sediment transport to the north. Satellite imagery shows that three such cycles occurred between 1992 and 2017, despite the partial restoration of the Island between 1998 and 2000. Each cycle increased the distance between the Island and the mainland to the east, reducing both the sediment supply from the east and the protection that Timbalier Bay and the adjacent coastal lands received from the barrier island.\n\nPreviously, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Civil Applications Center used 1-meter resolution imagery archived at the USGS Global Fiducials Library (GFL), collected between 2000 and 2010 by U.S. National Imaging Systems, to monitor the changes at the Island. New research expands this study retrospectively and prospectively using aerial photography collected from 1953 to 2012 and in 2020; declassified imagery collected in 1962, 1972, and 1975; DigitalGlobe satellite imagery collected since 2004; Landsat satellite imagery collected since 1972; Sentinel–2 satellite imagery collected since 2015; and GFL imagery collected from 1991 to 2020.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20225107","isbn":"978-1-4113-4511-9","programNote":"Core Science Systems and the National Civil Applications Center","usgsCitation":"Fisher, G.B., Slonecker, E.T., Dilles, S.J., Molnia, B.F., and Angeli, K.M., 2023, Using Global Fiducials Library high-resolution imagery, commercial satellite imagery, Landsat and Sentinel satellite imagery, and aerial photography to monitor change at East Timbalier Island, Louisiana, 1953–2021 (ver. 1.1, May 2023): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2022–5107, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20225107.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 61 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"61","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-123372","costCenters":[{"id":36171,"text":"National Civil Applications Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411976,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O71HYS","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Six decades of change at East Timbalier Island, Louisiana"},{"id":411971,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5107/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":416780,"rank":6,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5107/versionHist.txt","size":"4.31 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":411972,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5107/sir20225107.pdf","text":"Report","size":"150 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2022-5107"},{"id":411975,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5107/images/"},{"id":500455,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114279.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":411974,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5107/sir20225107.XML"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"East Timbalier Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.4,\n 29.125\n ],\n [\n -90.4,\n 29.033\n ],\n [\n -90.233,\n 29.033\n ],\n [\n -90.233,\n 29.125\n ],\n [\n -90.4,\n 29.125\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: January 2023; Version 1.1: May 2023","contact":"Director, National Civil Applications Center
U.S. Geological Survey
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The world’s coastlines are spatially highly variable, coupled-human-natural systems that comprise a nested hierarchy of component landforms, ecosystems, and human interventions, each interacting over a range of space and time scales. Understanding and predicting coastline dynamics necessitates frequent observation from imaging sensors on remote sensing platforms. Machine Learning models that carry out supervised (i.e., human-guided) pixel-based classification, or image segmentation, have transformative applications in spatio-temporal mapping of dynamic environments, including transient coastal landforms, sediments, habitats, waterbodies, and water flows. However, these models require large and well-documented training and testing datasets consisting of labeled imagery. We describe “Coast Train,” a multi-labeler dataset of orthomosaic and satellite images of coastal environments and corresponding labels. These data include imagery that are diverse in space and time, and contain 1.2 billion labeled pixels, representing over 3.6 million hectares. We use a human-in-the-loop tool especially designed for rapid and reproducible Earth surface image segmentation. Our approach permits image labeling by multiple labelers, in turn enabling quantification of pixel-level agreement over individual and collections of images.
For nearly 40 years, the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) has implemented practices to reduce soil erosion, improve water quality, and provide habitat for wildlife and pollinators on highly erodible cropland in the United States. However, an approximately 40,470 ha (10 million acres) decline in enrolled CRP land over the last decade has greatly reduced the program's environmental benefits. We sought to assess the program's enduring benefits in the central and western United States by (1) determining the proportion of fields that persist in CRP cover after contracts expired, (2) identifying the type of agricultural production that CRP fields shift to after contract expiration, (3) comparing the vegetation characteristics of expired CRP fields that are persisting in CRP-type cover with enrolled CRP fields, and (4) identifying differences in management activities (e.g., haying, grazing) between expired and enrolled CRP fields. We conducted edge-of-field vegetation cover surveys in 1092 CRP fields with contracts that expired ≥3 years prior and 1786 currently enrolled CRP fields in 14 states. We found that 41% of expired CRP fields retained at least half of their area in CRP-type cover, with significant variation in persistence among regions ranging from 19% to 84%. When expired fields retained CRP vegetation, bare ground was low in all regions and grass cover was somewhat greater than in fields with current CRP contracts, but at the expense of forb cover in some regions. Evidence of more frequent management in expired CRP fields may explain differences between active and expired CRP fields. Overall, there is clear evidence that CRP-type cover frequently persists and provides benefits for more than three years after contract expiration. Retaining CRP-type cover, post-contract, is an under-recognized program benefit that persists across the central and western United States long after the initial retirement from cropland.
Concurrent, distribution-wide abundance declines of some Pacific salmon species, including Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), highlights the need to understand how vulnerability at different life stages to climate stressors affects population dynamics and fisheries sustainability. Yukon River Chinook salmon stocks are among the largest subarctic populations, near the northernmost extent of the species range. Existing research suggests that Yukon River Chinook salmon population dynamics are largely driven by factors occurring between the adult spawner life stage and their offspring's first summer at sea (second year post-hatching). However, specific mechanisms sustaining chronic poor productivity are unknown, and there is a tremendous sense of urgency to understand causes, as declines of these stocks have taken a serious toll on commercial, recreational, and indigenous subsistence fisheries. Therefore, we leveraged multiple existing datasets spanning parent and juvenile stages of life history in freshwater and marine habitats. We analyzed environmental data in association with the production of offspring that survive to the marine juvenile stage (juveniles per spawner). These analyses suggest more than 45% of the variability in the production of juvenile Chinook salmon is associated with river temperatures or water discharge levels during the parent spawning migration. Over the past two decades, parents that experienced warmer water temperatures and lower discharge in the mainstem Yukon River produced fewer juveniles per spawning adult. We propose the adult spawner life stage as a critical period regulating population dynamics. We also propose a conceptual model that can explain associations between population dynamics and climate stressors using independent data focused on marine nutrition and freshwater heat stress. It is sobering to consider that some of the northernmost Pacific salmon habitats may already be unfavorable to these cold-water species. Our findings have immediate implications, given the common assumption that northern ranges of Pacific salmon offer refugia from climate stressors.
The Little pocket mouse (Perognathus longimembris) encompasses 15 to 16 currently recognized subspecies, six of which are restricted to southern California and adjacent northern Baja California. Using cranial geomorphometric shape parameters and dorsal color variables we delineate six regional groups of populations from this area that we recognize as valid, but these differ in name combination and geographic range from the current taxonomy. We resurrect two names from their current placement in synonymies, synonymize two currently recognized subspecies, and we reassign a third. Importantly, we restrict the U. S. Federally endangered Pacific pocket mouse (P. l. pacificus Mearns) to the vicinity of its type locality at the mouth of the Tijuana River in the southwestern corner of San Diego County and resurrect P. l. cantwelli von Bloeker for the other two population segments along the coast, those that span the northwestern corner of San Diego County and adjacent Orange County and that in coastal Los Angeles County. The name cantwelli would now apply to the only extant populations of the Pacific pocket mouse, a reassignment with obvious management implications. Our taxonomic decisions also reconfigure the ranges of other subspecies of conservation concern, notably P. l. bangsi Mearns and P. l. brevinasus Osgood.
Migratory birds employ a variety of mechanisms to ensure appropriate timing of migration based on integration of endogenous and exogenous information. The cues to fatten and depart from the non-breeding area are often linked to exogenous cues such as temperature or precipitation and the endogenous program. Shorter distance migrants should rely heavily on environmental information when initiating migration given relatively close proximity to the breeding area. However, the ability to fatten and subsequently depart may be linked to individual circumstances, including current fuel load and body size. For early and late departing migrants, we investigate effects of temperature, precipitation, lean body mass, fuel load and day of year on the initiation of migration (i.e. fuel load and departure timing) from the non-breeding region by analyzing 21 years of banding data for four species of short- and medium-distance migrants. Temperatures at the non-breeding area were related to temperatures at potential stopover areas. Despite local cues being predictive of conditions further north, the amount variation explained by local weather conditions in our models differed by species and temporal period but was low overall (< 33% variation explained). For each species, we also compared lean body mass and fuel load between early and late departing migrants, which showed mixed results. Our combined results suggest that most individuals migrating short or medium distances in our study did not time the initiation of migration with local predictive cues alone, but rather other factors such as lean body mass, fuel load, day of year, which may be a proxy for the endogenous program, and those beyond the scope of our study also influenced the initiation of migration. Our study contributes to understanding which factors influence departure decisions of short- and medium-distance migrants as they transition from the non-breeding to the migratory phase of the annual cycle.
Debris flow runout poses a hazard to life and infrastructure. The expansion of human population into mountainous areas and onto alluvial fans increases the need to predict and mitigate debris flow runout hazards. Debris flows on unconfined alluvial fans can exhibit spontaneous self-channelization through levee formation that reduces lateral spreading and extends runout distances compared to unchannelized flows. Here we modify the D-Claw shallow flow model in two ways that are hypothesized to generate levees. We evaluate these modifications with observations from a large-scale flume experiment. We investigate model performance when including the effect of two different friction sub-models, as well as the inclusion of segregation effects on granular permeability. Results show that, for a wide range of plausible model input parameters, simulations including the effects of segregation promoted modeled levee formation, whereas simulations without the effects of segregation did not create levees. Further, using a forward predictive framework, simulations with the effects of segregation were more likely to better model the magnitude of debris flow depth and runout distance, whereas simulation timing of the debris flow was affected by the choice of friction sub-model. Our results indicate that including the effects of segregation on granular permeability can improve the likelihood of better predictions of debris flow depth and runout prior to an event occurring.
Microfaunal assemblages of benthic foraminifera, ostracods, and tintinnids from two marine sediment cores retrieved from the Herschel Basin of the Canadian Beaufort Sea shelf document relationships with environmental parameters such as salinity, sea-ice cover, and turbulence. Cores YC18-HB-GC01 and PG2303-1 were collected at 18 and 32 m water depth, respectively. At these sites, sediment accumulation rates range between 0.6 and 1.7 cm yr–1 allowing a near-annual temporal resolution over the last 50 years. Multivariate analyses indicate that benthic foraminiferal assemblages respond primarily to food supply. Dissimilarities between the microfaunal assemblages of the two cores are mainly the result of bottom water salinity levels linked to water depth. High abundance of the benthic foraminiferal species Elphidium clavatum and occurrences of Elphidium bartletti point to varying, but relatively low, salinities at the shallow core site YC18-HB-GC01, which may be affected by variations in the summer halocline depth. Higher species diversity and more abundant Cassidulina reniforme and Stainforthia feylingi characterize the deeper core PG2303-1, which might reflect more stable conditions and higher bottom-water salinities throughout the studied time interval. The most important microfaunal shift of the last 50 years, observed in the shallower longer core YC18-HB-GC01, occurred at the turn of the 21st century. Prior to ∼2000 CE, the presence of Islandiella norcrossi indicates more stable and saline conditions. Since ∼2000 CE, increased abundances of Haynesina nivea and of the ciliate Tintinnopsis fimbriata suggest decreased salinity and increased turbidity. An increased abundance of Eoeponidella pulchella after ∼2000 CE suggests a concurrent increase in productivity in the last two decades. This shift is nearly synchronous with a decrease in mean summer sea-ice concentration, which can play an important role in bottom water stability on the shelf. Easterly winds can induce a reduction in the sea-ice cover, but also foster a westward spreading of the Mackenzie River plume and the upwelling of nutrient-rich Pacific waters onto the shelf. Both factors would explain the increased freshening and productivity of the Herschel Basin. The last two decades were also marked by a decrease in ostracod abundance that may relate to higher water turbidity. This study shows that combining information from benthic foraminifera, ostracods, and tintinnids provides a comprehensive insight into recent hydrographic/climatic changes in nearshore Arctic habitats, where productivity is critical for the food security of local communities.