{"pageNumber":"294","pageRowStart":"7325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10458,"records":[{"id":70177778,"text":"70177778 - 2001 - Breeding productivity and survival of the endangered Hawai'i Creeper in a wet forest refuge on Mauna Kea, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:13:46","indexId":"70177778","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3489,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding productivity and survival of the endangered Hawai'i Creeper in a wet forest refuge on Mauna Kea, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"<p>We studied the demography of the endangered Hawai‘i Creeper (<i>Oreomystis muna</i>) from 1994-1999 at three sites in Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge (NWR). Hawai‘i Creepers bred from January to June, with peak breeding in February through May (about 120-l 80 days), and molted from May to August. A small proportion (4.9%) of individuals overlapped breeding and molting activities. We located and monitored the fates of 60 nests. Mean clutch size was 2.1 eggs, nest building required 19 days, incubation was 16 to 17 days, and nestling period lasted 18 days. Of all nest attempts, 25% were abandoned before egg laying, 6.7% were removed for captive propagation, 13.3% had undetermined fates, 38.3% failed during incubation or nestling periods, and 16.7% were successful. Thus, of 33 nests that were active through egg laying and outcome was confirmed, only 30% were successful. The daily survival rate of active nests was 0.960 t 0.009 SE. An average of 1.7 chicks fledged from successful nests. Thirty-two percent of hatch-year birds were alive and in the study area at least one year later. Annual adult survival was high (0.88 t 0.03). The primary factors limiting productivity of Hawai‘i Creeper in Hakalau Forest NWR appear to be low reproductive potential in combination with high rates of nesting failure. Further research into the causes of nest failure, the length of the breeding season, and renesting behavior of females is needed, and protection of the forest from the degrading impacts of introduced mammals is paramount. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Los Angeles, CA","usgsCitation":"Collins, M., 2001, Breeding productivity and survival of the endangered Hawai'i Creeper in a wet forest refuge on Mauna Kea, Hawai'i: Studies in Avian Biology, v. 22, p. 164-172.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"164","endPage":"172","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330276,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","county":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.37689208984375,\n              19.664573424230706\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.37689208984375,\n              19.90492740071686\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.12969970703125,\n              19.90492740071686\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.12969970703125,\n              19.664573424230706\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.37689208984375,\n              19.664573424230706\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5809d7c6e4b0f497e78fca90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, Mark","contributorId":31808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":25553,"text":"wri20004162 - 2001 - Ground-Water Hydrology of the Upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:15","indexId":"wri20004162","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4162","title":"Ground-Water Hydrology of the Upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"The upper Deschutes Basin is among the fastest growing regions in Oregon. The rapid population growth has been accompanied by increased demand for water. Surface streams, however, have been administratively closed to additional appropriation for many years, and surface water is not generally available to support new development. Consequently, ground water is being relied upon to satisfy the growth in water demand. Oregon water law requires that the potential effects of ground-water development on streamflow be evaluated when considering applications for new ground-water rights. Prior to this study, hydrologic understanding has been insufficient to quantitatively evaluate the connection between ground water and streamflow, and the behavior of the regional ground-water flow system in general. This report describes the results of a hydrologic investigation undertaken to provide that understanding. The investigation encompasses about 4,500 square miles of the upper Deschutes River drainage basin.A large proportion of the precipitation in the upper Deschutes Basin falls in the Cascade Range, making it the principal ground-water recharge area for the basin. Water-balance calculations indicate that the average annual rate of ground- water recharge from precipitation is about 3,500 ft3/s (cubic feet per second). Water-budget calculations indicate that in addition to recharge from precipitation, water enters the ground-water system through interbasin flow. Approximately 800 ft3/s flows into the Metolius River drainage from the west and about 50 ft3/s flows into the southeastern part of the study area from the Fort Rock Basin. East of the Cascade Range, there is little or no ground-water recharge from precipitation, but leaking irrigation canals are a significant source of artificial recharge north of Bend. The average annual rate of canal leakage during 1994 was estimated to be about 490 ft3/s. Ground water flows from the Cascade Range through permeable volcanic rocks eastward out into the basin and then generally northward. About one-half the ground water flowing from the Cascade Range discharges to spring-fed streams along the margins of the range, including the upper Metolius River and its tributaries. The remaining ground water flows through the subsurface, primarily through rocks of the Deschutes Formation, and eventually discharges to streams near the confluence of the Deschutes, Crooked, and Metolius Rivers. Substantial ground-water discharge occurs along the lower 2 miles of Squaw Creek, the Deschutes River between Lower Bridge and Pelton Dam, the lower Crooked River between Osborne Canyon and the mouth, and in Lake Billy Chinook (a reservoir that inundates the confluence of the Deschutes, Crooked, and Metolius Rivers).The large amount of ground-water discharge in the confluence area is primarily caused by geologic factors. North (downstream) of the confluence area, the upper Deschutes Basin is transected by a broad region of low-permeability rock of the John Day Formation. The Deschutes River flows north across the low-permeability region, but the permeable Deschutes Formation, through which most of the regional ground water flows, ends against this rampart of low-permeability rock. The northward-flowing ground water discharges to the streams in this area because the permeable strata through which it flows terminate, forcing the water to discharge to the surface. Virtually all of the regional ground water in the upper Deschutes Basin discharges to surface streams south of the area where the Deschutes River enters this low-permeability terrane, at roughly the location of Pelton Dam.The effects of ground-water withdrawal on streamflow cannot presently be measured because of measurement error and the large amount of natural variability in ground-water discharge. The summer streamflow near Madras, which is made up largely of ground-water discharge, is approximately 4,000 ft3/s. Estimated consumptive ground-water use in the basin i","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20004162","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Oregon Water Resources Department; cities of Bend, Redmond, and Sisters; Deschutes and Jefferson Counties; The Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon; and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Gannett, M.W., Lite, K.E., Morgan, D.S., and Collins, C., 2001, Ground-Water Hydrology of the Upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4162, viii, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004162.","productDescription":"viii, 74 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12120,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri004162/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.5,43 ], [ -122.5,45 ], [ -120.5,45 ], [ -120.5,43 ], [ -122.5,43 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d5dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gannett, Marshall W. 0000-0003-2498-2427 mgannett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2498-2427","contributorId":2942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannett","given":"Marshall","email":"mgannett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lite, Kenneth E. Jr.","contributorId":37373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lite","given":"Kenneth","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, David S.","contributorId":73181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Collins, Charles A.","contributorId":79510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Charles A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70159450,"text":"70159450 - 2001 - Thematic accuracy of MRLC land cover for the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-30T10:05:41","indexId":"70159450","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thematic accuracy of MRLC land cover for the eastern United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>One objective of the MultiResolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) consortium is to map general land-cover categories for the conterminous United States using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data. Land-cover mapping and classification accuracy assessment are complete for the eastern United States. The accuracy assessment was based on photo-interpreted reference data obtained from a stratified probability sample of pixels. Agreement was defined as a match between primary or alternate reference land-cover labels assigned to each sample pixel and the mode (most common class) of the map's land-cover labels within a 3&times;3-pixel neighborhood surrounding the sampled point. At 30-m resolution, overall accuracy was 59.7% at an Anderson Level II thematic detail, and 80.5% at Anderson Level I.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00187-0","usgsCitation":"Yang, L., Stehman, S.V., Smith, J.H., and Wickham, J.D., 2001, Thematic accuracy of MRLC land cover for the eastern United States: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 76, no. 3, p. 418-422, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00187-0.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"418","endPage":"422","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310793,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"563496a6e4b0480763480061","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, Limin 0000-0002-2843-6944 lyang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-6944","contributorId":4305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Limin","email":"lyang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stehman, Stephen V.","contributorId":77283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehman","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Jonathan H. jhsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":2900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Jonathan","email":"jhsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wickham, James D.","contributorId":72278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wickham","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":33088,"text":"b2064GG - 2001 - Geochemical results of a hydrothermally altered area at Baker Creek, Blaine County, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:17","indexId":"b2064GG","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2064","chapter":"GG","title":"Geochemical results of a hydrothermally altered area at Baker Creek, Blaine County, Idaho","docAbstract":"The area immediately east of Baker Creek, Blaine County, Idaho, is underlain by a thick section of mafic to intermediate lava flows of the Eocene Challis Volcanic Group. Widespread propylitic alteration surrounds a zone of argillic alteration and an inner core of phyllic alteration.\r\n\r\nSilicified breccia is present along an east-trending fault within the zone of phyllic alteration. As part of a reconnaissance geochemical survey, soils and plants were sampled. Several species of plants (Douglas-fir [ Pseudotsuga menziesii ], mountain big sagebrush [ Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana ], and elk sedge [ Carex geyerii ]) were collected from 10 upland localities and stream sediments, panned concentrates, and aquatic mosses were collected from 16 drainage basin localities all of which were generally within the area of alteration.\r\n\r\nGeochemical results yielded anomalous concentrations of molybenum, zinc, silver, and lead in at least half of the seven different sample media and of gold, thallium, arsenic, antimony, manganese, boron, cadmium, bismuth, copper, and beryllium in from one to four of the various media. Part of this suite of elements? silver, gold, arsenic, antimony, thallium, and manganese? suggests that the mineralization in the area is epithermal. Barite and pyrite (commonly botryoidal-framboidal) are widespread throughout the area sampled. Visible gold and pyromorphite (a secondary lead mineral) were identified in only one small drainage basin, but high levels of gold were detected in aquatic mosses over a larger area.\r\n\r\nData from the upland and stream sampling indicate two possible mineralized areas. The first mineralized area was identified by a grab sample from an outcrop of quartz stockwork that contained 50 ppb Au, 1.5 ppm Ag, and 50 ppm Mo. Although the soil and plant species that were sampled in the area indicated mineralized bedrock, the Douglas-fir samples were the best indicators of the silver anomaly. The second possible mineralized area centers on the fault-controlled silicified breccia that is most likely the source of anomalous silver and molybdenum levels identified in the soils; silver, molybdenum, and manganese in stream sediments; thallium in Douglas-fir; bismuth and silver in concentrates; and gold, silver, arsenic, antimony, and molybdenum and lead in aquatic mosses.\r\n\r\nAn interpretation of regional aeromagnetic data delineated the subsurface extent of shallow, steeply dipping magnetic sources inferred to be shallower parts of an Eocene batholith thought to underlie much of the Baker Creek area. The Eocene intrusive event(s) may have served as the heat source(s) that caused the hydrothermal alteration.\r\n\r\nExamination of core from a 1,530-ft-deep (466 m) hole drilled in 1982 confirmed a bedrock source for the anomalous silver and base-metal suite at the quartz stockwork location, and indicated subeconomic levels of molybdenum.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/b2064GG","usgsCitation":"Erdman, J.A., Moye, F.J., Theobald, P., McCafferty, A.E., and Larsen, R.K., 2001, Geochemical results of a hydrothermally altered area at Baker Creek, Blaine County, Idaho (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2064, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2064GG.","productDescription":"21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3288,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2064-gg/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erdman, James A.","contributorId":37748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdman","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moye, Falma J.","contributorId":104113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moye","given":"Falma","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Theobald, Paul K.","contributorId":45361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theobald","given":"Paul K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCafferty, Anne E. 0000-0001-5574-9201 anne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-9201","contributorId":1120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCafferty","given":"Anne","email":"anne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larsen, Richard K.","contributorId":22402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":60297,"text":"mf2354 - 2001 - Geologic map of the Chewelah 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Washington and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:21","indexId":"mf2354","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2354","title":"Geologic map of the Chewelah 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Washington and Idaho","docAbstract":"This data set maps and describes the geology of the Chewelah 30' X 60' quadrangle, Washington and Idaho. Created using Environmental Systems Research Institute's ARC/INFO software, the data base consists of the following items: (1) a map coverage containing geologic contacts and units, (2) a point coverage containing site-specific geologic structural data, (3) two coverages derived from 1:100,000 Digital Line Graphs (DLG); one of which represents topographic data, and the other, cultural data, (4) two line coverages that contain cross-section lines and unit-label leaders, respectively, and (5) attribute tables for geologic units (polygons), contacts (arcs), and site-specific data (points).  In addition, the data set includes the following graphic and text products: (1) A PostScript graphic plot-file containing the geologic map, topography, cultural data, and two cross sections, and on a separate sheet, a Correlation of Map Units (CMU) diagram, an abbreviated Description of Map Units (DMU), modal diagrams for granitic rocks, an index map, a regional geologic and structure map, and a key for point and line symbols; (2) PDF files of the Readme text-file and expanded Description of Map Units (DMU), and (3) this metadata file.\r\n The geologic map database contains original U.S. Geological Survey data generated by detailed field observation and by interpretation of aerial photographs. The map was compiled from geologic maps of eight 1:48,000 15' quadrangle blocks, each of which was made by mosaicing and reducing the four constituent 7.5' quadrangles.  These 15' quadrangle blocks were mapped chiefly at 1:24,000 scale, but the detail of the mapping was governed by the intention that it was to be compiled at 1:48,000 scale. The compilation at 1:100,000 scale entailed necessary simplification in some areas and combining of some geologic units.  Overall, however, despite a greater than two times reduction in scale, most geologic detail found on the 1:48,000 maps is retained on the 1:100,000 map.  Geologic contacts across boundaries of the eight constituent quadrangles required minor adjustments, but none significant at the final 1:100,000 scale.\r\n The geologic map was compiled on a base-stable cronoflex copy of the Chewelah 30' X 60' topographic base and then scribed.  The scribe guide was used to make a 0.007 mil-thick blackline clear-film, which was scanned at 1200 DPI by Optronics Specialty Company, Northridge, California.  This image was converted to vector and polygon GIS layers and minimally attributed by Optronics Specialty Company.  Minor hand-digitized additions were made at the USGS.  Lines, points, and polygons were subsequently edited at the USGS by using standard ARC/INFO commands.  Digitizing and editing artifacts significant enough to display at a scale of 1:100,000 were corrected. Within the database, geologic contacts are represented as lines (arcs), geologic units as polygons, and site-specific data as points.  Polygon, arc, and point attribute tables (.pat, .aat, and .pat, respectively) uniquely identify each geologic datum.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf2354","usgsCitation":"Miller, F.K., 2001, Geologic map of the Chewelah 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Washington and Idaho (Online version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2354, 36 p. and 2 sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2354.","productDescription":"36 p. and 2 sheets","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110149,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34810.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"34810"},{"id":183699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6023,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2001/2354/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118,48 ], [ -118,48.5 ], [ -117,48.5 ], [ -117,48 ], [ -118,48 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6997ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, F. K.","contributorId":10803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70260451,"text":"70260451 - 2001 - Upper Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone: Major coalbed methane play in central Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-01T16:21:33.74404","indexId":"70260451","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T11:15:05","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":605,"text":"AAPG Bulletin","printIssn":"0149-1423","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone: Major coalbed methane play in central Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Recent drilling for coalbed gas in the Upper Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone Member of central Utah has resulted in one of the most successful plays of this kind. Exploration to date has resulted in three fields and a potential fairway 6-10 mi (10-16 km) wide and 20-60 mi (32-96 km) long, corresponding to shallow coal occurrence at depths of about 1800-3500 ft (545-1060 m) in the Ferron, a sequence of interbedded fluvial-deltaic sandstone, shale, and coal in the lower part of the Cretaceous Mancos Shale. Coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs in this interval consist of thin to moderately thick (3-10 ft [1-3 m]) coal beds of relatively low rank (high-volatile B bituminous) and variable gas content, ranging from 100 scf/ton or less in the south to as high as 500-600 scf/ton in the north. Productive wells have averaged more than 500 mcf/day and, after several years, continue to typically show negative production declines. In the major productive area, Drunkards Wash unit, the first 33 producers averaged 974 mcf and 85 bbl of water per day after five years of continuous production. Estimated ultimate recoverable reserves for individual wells in this unit range from 1.5 to 4 bcf.</p><p>Based on several criteria, including gas content, thermal maturity, and chronostratigraphy, the play is divided into northern and southern parts. The northern part is characterized by coals that have the following characteristics: (1) high gas contents; (2) moderate thermal maturity (e.g., vitrinite reflectance [R<sub>o</sub>] values of 0.6-0.8%); (3) good permeabilities (5-20 md); (4) lack of exposure; and (5) overpressuring, due to artesian conditions. Southern coals have much lower average gas contents (&lt;100 scf/ton) and lower thermal maturity (R<sub>o</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.4-0.6%), and they are exposed along an extensive, 35 mi (56 km) outcrop belt that may have allowed a degree of flushing. These coals, however, are also thicker and more extensive than those to the north and thus may retain significant potential. Northern coals appear to contain a mixture of gas from three sources: in-situ thermogenic methane, migrated thermogenic methane from more mature sources, and late-stage biogenic gas. Current development is focused on the northern part of the stated fairway, where well control and an existing infrastructure are present. Indications are that CBM exploration in the Ferron will expand considerably in the near future.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/8626C799-173B-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Montgomery, S.L., Tabet, D.E., and Barker, C., 2001, Upper Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone: Major coalbed methane play in central Utah: AAPG Bulletin, v. 85, no. 2, p. 199-219, https://doi.org/10.1306/8626C799-173B-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"219","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":463549,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.59791805525472,\n              39.76266058920638\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.59791805525472,\n              38.91937134096685\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.84447627692384,\n              38.91937134096685\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.84447627692384,\n              39.76266058920638\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.59791805525472,\n              39.76266058920638\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montgomery, Scott L.","contributorId":43513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":917720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tabet, David E.","contributorId":114104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tabet","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":917721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barker, Charles E.","contributorId":93070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"Charles E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":917722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70074107,"text":"70074107 - 2001 - Applications of resistivity modeling in reservoir development: examples from Balder Field, Norwegian North Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-27T13:58:03","indexId":"70074107","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T13:52:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3044,"text":"Petrophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applications of resistivity modeling in reservoir development: examples from Balder Field, Norwegian North Sea","docAbstract":"The massive Paleocene oil sands of the Balder Field are overlain by several thinly bedded Eocene sand-prone packages of variable facies and reservoir quality. Although these sands have been penetrated by numerous exploration and development wells, uncertainty remains as to their extent, distribution, and ultimate effect on reservoir performance. The section is geologically complex (thin beds, injected sands, shale clasts and laminae, and faulting), and also contains a field-wide primary gas cap. With a depletion plan involving both gas and water injection, geologic/reservoir characterization of the Eocene is critical for prudent resource management during depletion. With this goal, resistivity modeling and core-based thin bed reservoir description from the first phase of development drilling have been integrated with seismic attribute mapping. Detailed core description, core permeability and grain size distribution data delineate six facies and help in distinguishing laterally continuous massive and laminated sands from potentially non-connected injection sands and non-reservoir quality siltstones and tuffs. Volumetric assessment of the thin sand resource has been enhanced by I-D forward modeling of induction log response using a commercial resistivity modeling program, R,BAN. After defining beds and facies with core and high resolution log data, the AHF60 array induction curve response was approximated using the 6FF40 response. Because many of the beds were thinner than 6FF40 resolution, the modeling is considered to provide a lower bound on R,. However, for most beds this model-based R, is significantly higher than that provided by one-foot vertical resolution shallow resistivity data, and is thought to be the best available estimate of true formation resistivity. Sensitivities in STOOIP were assessed with multiple R, earth models which can later be tested against production results. In addition, water saturation height functions, developed in vertical wells and thick beds, can be validated in deviated wells with thin beds. Sand thickness models constrained by this logand core-based petrophysical analysis were used to build impedance seismic synthetic sections from which seismic attributes could be extracted and calibrated. The model-based attribute calibration was then applied to the seismic impedance 3-D cube permitting sand thickness to be mapped and reservoir geology to be modeled with significantly more detail than previously possible. These results will guide the field''s reservoir management and assist in the delineation of new targets.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Petrophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., Haynes, F., and Buretz, O., 2001, Applications of resistivity modeling in reservoir development: examples from Balder Field, Norwegian North Sea: Petrophysics, v. 42, no. 1, p. 17-18.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281585,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Norwegian Sea;Balder Field","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -13.5,69.95 ], [ -13.5,76.56 ], [ 25.59,76.56 ], [ 25.59,69.95 ], [ -13.5,69.95 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4dace4b0b290850f1a00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haynes, F.M.","contributorId":19077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haynes","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buretz, O.M.","contributorId":41739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buretz","given":"O.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70184368,"text":"70184368 - 2001 - Comparison of methods used to estimate numbers of walruses on sea ice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T10:26:05","indexId":"70184368","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of methods used to estimate numbers of walruses on sea ice","docAbstract":"<p><span>The US and former USSR conducted joint surveys of Pacific walruses on sea ice and at land haul-outs in 1975, 1980, 1985, and 1990. One of the difficulties in interpreting results of these surveys has been that, except for the 1990 survey, the Americans and Soviets used different methods for estimating population size from their respective portions of the sea ice data. We used data exchanged between Soviet and American scientists to compare and evaluate the two estimation procedures and to derive a set of alternative estimates from the 1975, 1980, and 1985 surveys based on a single consistent procedure. Estimation method had only a small effect on total population estimates because most walruses were found at land haul-outs. However, the Soviet method is subject to bias that depends on the distribution of the population on the sea ice and this has important implications for interpreting the ice portions of previously reported surveys for walruses and other pinniped species. We recommend that the American method be used in future surveys. Future research on survey methods for walruses should focus on other potential sources of bias and variation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.2001.tb01007.x","usgsCitation":"Udevitz, M.S., Gilbert, J.R., and Fedoseev, G.A., 2001, Comparison of methods used to estimate numbers of walruses on sea ice: Marine Mammal Science, v. 17, no. 3, p. 601-616, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2001.tb01007.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"601","endPage":"616","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337026,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","otherGeospatial":"Chukchi Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -190.634765625,\n              65.62202261510642\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.423828125,\n              65.62202261510642\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.423828125,\n              73.07384351277217\n            ],\n            [\n              -190.634765625,\n              73.07384351277217\n            ],\n            [\n              -190.634765625,\n              65.62202261510642\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c12642e4b014cc3a3d34ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilbert, James R.","contributorId":181916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilbert","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fedoseev, Gennadii A.","contributorId":187659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fedoseev","given":"Gennadii","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70178293,"text":"70178293 - 2001 - The Hawai'i rare bird search 1994-1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:05:01","indexId":"70178293","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3489,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Hawai'i rare bird search 1994-1996","docAbstract":"<p>We compiled the recent history of sightings and searched for 13 rare and missing Hawaiian forest birds to update status and distribution information. We made 23 expeditions between August 1994 and April 1996 on the islands of Hawai‘i, Maui, Moloka‘i, and Kaua‘i totaling 1,685 search hours, 146 field days, and 553 person days. During our surveys we found four critically endangered birds: the Po‘ouli (<i>Melamprusops phaeosoma</i>, five to six individuals), Maui Nukupu‘u (<i>Hemignathus lucidus affinis</i>, one individual), ‘I‘iwi (<i>Vestiaria coccinea</i>) on Moloka‘i (one individual), and the Puaiohi (<i>Myadestes palmeri</i>, 55-70 individuals). Detection rates for each species were 0.013, 0.002, 0.012, and 0.318 detections/hr, respectively. Although not visually confirmed during our surveys, auditory detections, unconfirmed sightings, and other reports suggest the possible existence of ‘O‘u (<i>Psittirostra psittacea</i>) on Hawai‘i, Kaua‘i Nukupu‘u (<i>Hemignathus lucidus hanapepe</i>), and Maui ‘Akepa (<i>Loxops coccineus ochraceus</i>) in perilously low numbers. Six undetected forest bird populations, Kama‘o (<i>Myadestes myudestinus</i>), Kaua‘i ‘O‘o (<i>Moho braccatus</i>), Bishop’s ‘O‘o (<i>Moho bishopi</i>), ‘O‘o on Kaua‘i, Greater ‘Akialoa (<i>Hemignafhus ellisianus</i>), and Kakawahie (<i>Paroveomyza flammea</i>) have high probabilities of being extinct. Oloma‘o (<i>Myadestes lanaiensis</i>) from Moloka‘i are probably extirpated from the areas searched on that island but may persist on the unsurveyed Oloku‘i Plateau. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Los Angeles, CA","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, M.H., and Snetsinger, T.J., 2001, The Hawai'i rare bird search 1994-1996: Studies in Avian Biology, v. 22, p. 133-143.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"143","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330942,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70184294,"text":"70184294 - 2001 - Estimation of brood and nest survival: Comparative methods in the presence of heterogeneity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T18:08:12","indexId":"70184294","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of brood and nest survival: Comparative methods in the presence of heterogeneity","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Mayfield method has been widely used for estimating survival of nests and young animals, especially when data are collected at irregular observation intervals. However, this method assumes survival is constant throughout the study period, which often ignores biologically relevant variation and may lead to biased survival estimates. We examined the bias and accuracy of 1 modification to the Mayfield method that allows for temporal variation in survival, and we developed and similarly tested 2 additional methods. One of these 2 new methods is simply an iterative extension of Klett and Johnson's method, which we refer to as the Iterative Mayfield method and bears similarity to Kaplan-Meier methods. The other method uses maximum likelihood techniques for estimation and is best applied to survival of animals in groups or families, rather than as independent individuals. We also examined how robust these estimators are to heterogeneity in the data, which can arise from such sources as dependent survival probabilities among siblings, inherent differences among families, and adoption. Testing of estimator performance with respect to bias, accuracy, and heterogeneity was done using simulations that mimicked a study of survival of emperor goose (<i>Chen canagica</i>) goslings. Assuming constant survival for inappropriately long periods of time or use of Klett and Johnson's methods resulted in large bias or poor accuracy (often &gt;5% bias or root mean square error) compared to our Iterative Mayfield or maximum likelihood methods. Overall, estimator performance was slightly better with our Iterative Mayfield than our maximum likelihood method, but the maximum likelihood method provides a more rigorous framework for testing covariates and explicity models a heterogeneity factor. We demonstrated use of all estimators with data from emperor goose goslings. We advocate that future studies use the new methods outlined here rather than the traditional Mayfield method or its previous modifications.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802905","usgsCitation":"Manly, B.F., and Schmutz, J.A., 2001, Estimation of brood and nest survival: Comparative methods in the presence of heterogeneity: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 65, no. 2, p. 258-270, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802905.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"258","endPage":"270","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3802905","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336914,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be833ee4b014cc3a3a9a05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manly, Bryan F.J.","contributorId":41770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manly","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70174411,"text":"70174411 - 2001 - Ancient blue oaks reveal human impact on San Francisco Bay salinity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-13T15:59:37.350556","indexId":"70174411","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ancient blue oaks reveal human impact on San Francisco Bay salinity","docAbstract":"<p><span>San Francisco Bay is one of the most important estuaries on the west coast of the Americas. Its water quality is controlled primarily by streamflow from the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers. In fact, freshwater inflow from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta explains 86% of the salinity variability at the mouth of the San Francisco Bay estuary [</span><i>Peterson et al</i><span>., 1989]. The massive diversion of streamflow by the California State Water Project and the Central Valley Project, part of the largest manmade water control system on Earth [</span><i>Reisner</i><span>, 1988], has raised salinity in the estuary on daily, seasonal, and annual timescales [</span><i>Nichols</i><span>&nbsp;et al., 1986;&nbsp;</span><i>Peterson</i><span>&nbsp;et al., 1989].</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/EO082i012p00141","usgsCitation":"Stahle, D.W., Therrell, M.D., Cleaveland, M.K., Cayan, D.R., Dettinger, M., and Knowles, N., 2001, Ancient blue oaks reveal human impact on San Francisco Bay salinity: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 82, no. 12, p. 141-145, https://doi.org/10.1029/EO082i012p00141.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"145","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.98645019531249,\n              37.98317483351337\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.871337890625,\n              37.22595454983972\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.56372070312499,\n              38.0091482264894\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.33276367187499,\n              38.36750215395045\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.98645019531249,\n              37.98317483351337\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5784c335e4b0e02680be58fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stahle, David W.","contributorId":172809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stahle","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Therrell, Matthew D.","contributorId":172810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Therrell","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cleaveland, Malcolm K.","contributorId":172811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cleaveland","given":"Malcolm","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cayan, Daniel R. 0000-0002-2719-6811 drcayan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-6811","contributorId":1494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","email":"drcayan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":146383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael D.","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knowles, Noah 0000-0001-5652-1049 nknowles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-1049","contributorId":1380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"Noah","email":"nknowles@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70182258,"text":"70182258 - 2001 - Length changes in white sturgeon larvae preserved in ethanol or formaldehyde","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-22T11:24:14","indexId":"70182258","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1266,"text":"Collection Forum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Length changes in white sturgeon larvae preserved in ethanol or formaldehyde","docAbstract":"<p>We examined the effects of two preservatives on the notochord and total lengths of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) larvae. White sturgeon larvae that were one, seven, and 14 days old were measured live and then preserved in 95% ethanol or 10% formaldehyde. Length changes were then determined at 20 and 95 days after preservation. We found mean length changes ranging from 0.4% to 3.4% shrinkage. Length changes varied with preservative, age of larvae, and length of time preserved. Constant length correction factors are provided for 10% formaldehyde or 95% ethanol valid for larvae between 1 and 14 days old preserved for less than 100 days. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"The society for the preservation of natural history collection","usgsCitation":"Bayer, J., and Counihan, T., 2001, Length changes in white sturgeon larvae preserved in ethanol or formaldehyde: Collection Forum, v. 15, no. 1-2, p. 57-64.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"57","endPage":"64","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335925,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.spnhc.org/20/collection-forum"},{"id":335926,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58aeb13ee4b01ccd54f9ee34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bayer, J.M.","contributorId":47945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Counihan, T.D.","contributorId":9789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counihan","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023493,"text":"70023493 - 2001 - Changes in the Onset of Spring in the Western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-30T06:27:53","indexId":"70023493","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1112,"text":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","onlineIssn":"1520-0477","printIssn":"0003-0007","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in the Onset of Spring in the Western United States","docAbstract":"<p>Fluctuations in spring climate in the western United States over the last 4-5 decades are described by examining changes in the blooming of plants and the timing of snowmelt-runoff pulses. The two measures of spring's onset that are employed are the timing of first bloom of lilac and honeysuckle bushes from a long-term cooperative phonological network, and the timing of the first major pulse of snowmelt recorded from high-elevation streams. Both measures contain year-to-year fluctuations, with typical year-to-year fluctuations at a given site of one to three weeks. These fluctuations are spatially coherent, forming regional patterns that cover most of the west. Fluctuations in lilac first bloom dates are highly correlated to those of honeysuckle, and both are significantly correlated with those of the spring snowmelt pulse. Each of these measures, then, probably respond to a common mechanism. Various analyses indicate that anomalous temperature exerts the greatest influence upon both interannual and secular changes in the onset of spring in these networks. Earlier spring onsets since the late 1970s are a remarkable feature of the records, and reflect the unusual spell of warmer-than-normal springs in western North America during this period. The warm episodes are clearly related to larger-scale atmospheric conditions across North America and the North Pacific, but whether this is predominantly an expression of natural variability or also a symptom of global warming is not certain.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"AMS","doi":"10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<0399:CITOOS>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00030007","usgsCitation":"Cayan, D., Kammerdiener, S.A., Dettinger, M.D., Caprio, J.M., and Peterson, D.H., 2001, Changes in the Onset of Spring in the Western United States: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. 82, no. 3, p. 399-415, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<0399:CITOOS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"399","endPage":"415","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478937,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<0399:citoos>2.3.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f42ee4b0c8380cd4bbb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":397825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kammerdiener, Susan A.","contributorId":17801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kammerdiener","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":397827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caprio, Joseph M.","contributorId":9808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caprio","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterson, D. H.","contributorId":92229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1015177,"text":"1015177 - 2001 - The importance of defining technical issues in interagency environmental negotiations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T17:28:35","indexId":"1015177","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3202,"text":"Public Works Management and Policy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of defining technical issues in interagency environmental negotiations","docAbstract":"<p>The role of technical clarity in successful multiparty negotiations was studied. Investigations involved in-depth interviews with the principal participants in six consultations conducted under the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission’s hydroelectric power project licensing procedures. Technical clarity was especially important in these cases because they concerned science-based questions. The principal issues in the six cases were fish passage, instream flow for fish habitat, and entrainment of fish in hydropower turbines. It was concluded that technical clarity was one of the most critical elements in resolving these conflicts. In the least successful negotiations, parties failed to address the basic values of the dispute before plunging into technical studies. The results of those studies usually highlighted the potential for negative outcomes and increased polarization between the participants. In the most successful negotiations, the various parties shared an understanding of each of their basic values. These shared understandings led to technical studies that cast the negotiation in a positive light and illuminated possible solutions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE Journals","doi":"10.1177/1087724X0153004","usgsCitation":"Lamb, B.L., Burkardt, N., and Taylor, J.G., 2001, The importance of defining technical issues in interagency environmental negotiations: Public Works Management and Policy, v. 5, no. 3, p. 220-232, https://doi.org/10.1177/1087724X0153004.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"220","endPage":"232","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db6263f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamb, B. L.","contributorId":6395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkardt, N.","contributorId":13913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkardt","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, J. G.","contributorId":33671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"J.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":93738,"text":"93738 - 2001 - Use of electrical barriers to deter movement of round goby","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-12T12:15:59","indexId":"93738","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of electrical barriers to deter movement of round goby","docAbstract":"<p>An electrical barrier was chosen as a possible means to deter movement of round goby <i>Neogobius melanostomus</i>. Feasibility studies in a 2.1-m donut-shaped tank determined the electrical parameters necessary to inhibit round goby from crossing the 1-m stretch of the benthic, electrical barrier. Increasing electrical pulse duration and voltage increased effectiveness of the barrier in deterring round goby movement through the barrier. Differences in activity of round goby during daytime and nocturnal tests did not change the effectiveness of the barrier. In field verification studies, an electrical barrier was placed between two blocking nets in the Shiawassee River, Michigan. The barrier consisted of a 6-m wide canvas on which were laid four cables carrying the electrical current. Seven experiments were conducted, wherein 25 latex paint-marked round goby were introduced upstream of the electrical barrier and recovered 24 h later upstream, on, and downstream of the barrier. During control studies, round goby moved across the barrier within 20 min from release upstream. With the barrier on and using the prescribed electrical settings shown to inhibit passage in the laboratory, the only marked round goby found below the barrier were dead. At reduced pulse durations, a few round goby (mean one/test) were found alive, but debilitated, below the barrier. The electrical barrier could be incorporated as part of a program in reducing movement of adult round goby through artificial connections between watersheds.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Behavioral technologies for fish guidance: Proceedings of the American Fisheries Society Symposium 26","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Behavioral Technologies for Fish Guidance: American Fisheries Society Symposium 26","conferenceDate":"August 30-31, 1999","conferenceLocation":"Charlotte, NC","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","isbn":"9781888569247","usgsCitation":"Savino, J.F., Jude, D.J., and Kostich, M., 2001, Use of electrical barriers to deter movement of round goby, <i>in</i> Behavioral technologies for fish guidance: Proceedings of the American Fisheries Society Symposium 26, v. 26, Charlotte, NC, August 30-31, 1999, p. 171-182.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"182","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339613,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fisheries.org/bookstore/all-titles/afs-symposia/x54026xm/"}],"volume":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604616","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Coutant, Charles C.","contributorId":73507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coutant","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505148,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Savino, Jacqueline F. jsavino@usgs.gov","contributorId":2213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savino","given":"Jacqueline","email":"jsavino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jude, David J.","contributorId":11986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jude","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kostich, Melissa J.","contributorId":72325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kostich","given":"Melissa J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023465,"text":"70023465 - 2001 - Use of <sup>17</sup>O/<sup>16</sup>O to trace atmospherically-deposited sulfate in surface waters: A case study in alpine watersheds in the Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-12T17:16:08","indexId":"70023465","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of <sup>17</sup>O/<sup>16</sup>O to trace atmospherically-deposited sulfate in surface waters: A case study in alpine watersheds in the Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"Building on the discovery of excess <sup>17</sup>O in atmospheric sulfate by Lee et al. (2001), we have carried out a case study to determine whether <sup>17</sup>O might provide a new tool for quantifying the impact of atmospheric deposition on surface-water sulfate loads. In Rocky Mountain alpine regions, excess <sup>17</sup>O was found to be characteristics of atmospheric sulfate deposited in snow. Excess <sup>17</sup>O was also evident in stream sulfate in one of two high-elevation watersheds where analyses were made. Isotope mass balance calculations gave surprizingly low atmospheric contributions to stream sulfate suggesting that (1) despite abundant outcrop and sparse soil in these areas, significant sulfate may be taken up and released by soil microbes before being exported in streams, and (2) surface waters can carry multiple non-atmospheric sulfate types, some possibly anthropogenic. Measurements of <sup>17</sup>O may prove very useful in studies of sulfate behavior in a variety of surficial environments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2001GL012966","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.A., Mast, M., and Kester, C., 2001, Use of <sup>17</sup>O/<sup>16</sup>O to trace atmospherically-deposited sulfate in surface waters: A case study in alpine watersheds in the Rocky Mountains: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, no. 23, p. 4483-4486, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL012966.","startPage":"4483","endPage":"4486","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478915,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gl012966","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207582,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001GL012966"},{"id":232649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe54e4b08c986b329526","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, C. A. 0000-0002-1334-2996","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":27492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mast, M.A.","contributorId":67871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kester, C.L.","contributorId":44874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kester","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023488,"text":"70023488 - 2001 - Variation in aluminum, iron, and particle concentrations in oxic ground-water samples collected by use of tangential-flow ultrafiltration with low-flow sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-22T07:05:18","indexId":"70023488","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Variation in aluminum, iron, and particle concentrations in oxic ground-water samples collected by use of tangential-flow ultrafiltration with low-flow sampling","docAbstract":"<p><span>Particulates that move with ground water and those that are artificially mobilized during well purging could be incorporated into water samples during collection and could cause trace-element concentrations to vary in unfiltered samples, and possibly in filtered samples (typically 0.45-um (micron) pore size) as well, depending on the particle-size fractions present. Therefore, measured concentrations may not be representative of those in the aquifer. Ground water may contain particles of various sizes and shapes that are broadly classified as colloids, which do not settle from water, and particulates, which do. In order to investigate variations in trace-element concentrations in ground-water samples as a function of particle concentrations and particle-size fractions, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force, collected samples from five wells completed in the unconfined, oxic Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system of the New Jersey Coastal Plain. Samples were collected by purging with a portable pump at low flow (0.2-0.5 liters per minute and minimal drawdown, ideally less than 0.5 foot). Unfiltered samples were collected in the following sequence: (1) within the first few minutes of pumping, (2) after initial turbidity declined and about one to two casing volumes of water had been purged, and (3) after turbidity values had stabilized at less than 1 to 5 Nephelometric Turbidity Units. Filtered samples were split concurrently through (1) a 0.45-um pore size capsule filter, (2) a 0.45-um pore size capsule filter and a 0.0029-um pore size tangential-flow filter in sequence, and (3), in selected cases, a 0.45-um and a 0.05-um pore size capsule filter in sequence. Filtered samples were collected concurrently with the unfiltered sample that was collected when turbidity values stabilized. Quality-assurance samples consisted of sequential duplicates (about 25 percent) and equipment blanks. Concentrations of particles were determined by light scattering.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Chemical and Biological Early Warning Monitoring for Water, Food, and Ground","conferenceDate":"November 1-2, 2001","conferenceLocation":"Newton, MA","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.456922","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Szabo, Z., Oden, J., Gibs, J., Rice, D., and Ding, Y., 2001, Variation in aluminum, iron, and particle concentrations in oxic ground-water samples collected by use of tangential-flow ultrafiltration with low-flow sampling, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 4575, Newton, MA, November 1-2, 2001, p. 42-61, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.456922.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.28955078125,\n              40.53258931069554\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.41314697265625,\n              40.53050177574321\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.8004150390625,\n              40.18516846826054\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.07507324218749,\n              39.97922477476731\n            ],\n            [\n              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zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":2240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oden, J.H. 0000-0002-6473-1553","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6473-1553","contributorId":76401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oden","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibs, J.","contributorId":91632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibs","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rice, D.E.","contributorId":44188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ding, Y.","contributorId":96871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ding","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70174726,"text":"70174726 - 2001 - Droughts, epic droughts and droughty centuries - lessons from a California paleoclimatic record: a PACLIM 2001 meeting report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-14T16:50:23","indexId":"70174726","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3914,"text":"Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Droughts, epic droughts and droughty centuries - lessons from a California paleoclimatic record: a PACLIM 2001 meeting report","docAbstract":"<p>During the early 1990s (but echoing studies by S.T. Harding at the University of California, from as early as the 1930s), several lines of paleoclimate evidence in and around the Sierra Nevada Range have provided the water community in California with some real horror stories. By studying ancient tree stumps submerged in Lake Tahoe and Tenaya Lake, stumps that were emerging from Mono Lake during its recent decline, and stumps that were exhumed in the Walker River bed during the floods of 1997, paleoclimatologists like Scott Stine of California State University, Hayward, assembled a picture of epic droughts in the central Sierra Nevada during the medieval period. These droughts had to be severe to drop water levels in the lakes and rivers low enough for the trees to grow in the first place, and then had to last for hundreds of years to explain tree-ring counts in these sizeable stumps. Worse yet, the evidence suggested at least two such epic droughts, one ending close to 1100 and the other close to 1350. These epic droughts challenged paleoclimatologists, as well as modern climatologists and hydrologists, to understand and, ultimately, to determine the likelihood that such droughts might recur in the foreseeable future. The first challenge, however, was to verify that such droughts were more than local events and as extreme as suggested. At this year&rsquo;s Pacific Climate (PACLIM) Workshop, held March 18&ndash;21, 2001, at Asilomar (Pacific Grove, Calif.), special sessions brought together scientists to compare paleoclimatic reconstructions of ancient droughts and pluvial (wet) epidodes to try to determine the nature of decadal and centennial climate fluctuations in western North America, with emphasis on California. A companion session brought together modern climatologists to report on the latest explanations (and evidence) for decadal climate variations during the instrumental era of the 20th century. PACLIM is an annual workshop that, since 1983, has brought together specialists from diverse fields, including physical, social, and biological sciences, to discuss and investigate climate and climate effects in the eastern Pacific and western America. This year&rsquo;s PACLIM was sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, NOAA Office of Global Programs, California Department of Water Resources, and, for the first time, the CALFED Science Program. In addition to the presentations summarized here, sessions at this year&rsquo;s PACLIM covered topics as varied as the North American monsoon system; recent economic and political effects of California&rsquo;s climate variations, including a presentation on climate and CALFED by Sam Luoma (U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park); and research into daily-to-seasonal weather variations.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency","usgsCitation":"Dettinger, M.D., 2001, Droughts, epic droughts and droughty centuries - lessons from a California paleoclimatic record: a PACLIM 2001 meeting report: Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter, v. 14, no. 3, p. 51-53.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"53","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325284,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.water.ca.gov/iep/newsletters/2001/IEPNewsletterSummer2001.pdf"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5788b7b3e4b0d27deb386fcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022990,"text":"70022990 - 2001 - Delineating a recharge area for a spring using numerical modeling, Monte Carlo techniques, and geochemical investigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T09:41:59","indexId":"70022990","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delineating a recharge area for a spring using numerical modeling, Monte Carlo techniques, and geochemical investigation","docAbstract":"Recharge areas of spring systems can be hard to identify, but they can be critically important for protection of a spring resource. A recharge area for a spring complex in southern Wisconsin was delineated using a variety of complementary techniques. A telescopic mesh refinement (TMR) model was constructed from an existing regional-scale ground water flow model. This TMR model was formally optimized using parameter estimation techniques; the optimized \"best fit\" to measured heads and fluxes was obtained by using a horizontal hydraulic conductivity 200% larger than the original regional model for the upper bedrock aquifer and 80% smaller for the lower bedrock aquifer. The uncertainty in hydraulic conductivity was formally considered using a stochastic Monte Carlo approach. Two-hundred model runs used uniformly distributed, randomly sampled, horizontal hydraulic conductivity values within the range given by the TMR optimized values and the previously constructed regional model. A probability distribution of particles captured by the spring, or a \"probabilistic capture zone,\" was calculated from the realistic Monte Carlo results (136 runs of 200). In addition to portions of the local surface watershed, the capture zone encompassed areas outside of the watershed - demonstrating that the ground watershed and surface watershed do not coincide. Analysis of water collected from the site identified relatively large contrasts in chemistry, even for springs within 15 m of one another. The differences showed a distinct gradation from Ordovician-carbonate-dominated water in western spring vents to Cambrian-sandstone-influenced water in eastern spring vents. The difference in chemistry was attributed to distinctive bedrock geology as demonstrated by overlaying the capture zone derived from numerical modeling over a bedrock geology map for the area. This finding gives additional confidence to the capture zone calculated by modeling.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02360.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R.J., Steuer, J.J., Mansor, M., and Bullen, T., 2001, Delineating a recharge area for a spring using numerical modeling, Monte Carlo techniques, and geochemical investigation: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 5, p. 702-712, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02360.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"702","endPage":"712","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe60e4b0c8380cd4ece1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, R. J.","contributorId":40164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steuer, J. J.","contributorId":12430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steuer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mansor, M.T.C.","contributorId":85370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mansor","given":"M.T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022991,"text":"70022991 - 2001 - Rhenium-osmium systematics of calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions in carbonaceous chondrites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70022991","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rhenium-osmium systematics of calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions in carbonaceous chondrites","docAbstract":"The Re-Os isotopic systematics of calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions (CAIs) in chondrites were investigated in order to shed light on the behavior of the Re-Os system in bulk chondrites, and to constrain the timing of chemical fractionation in primitive chondrites. CAIs with relatively unfractionated rare earth element (REE) patterns (groups I, III, V, VI) define a narrow range of 187Re/188Os (0.3764-0.4443) and 187Os/188Os (0.12599-0.12717), and high but variable Re and Os abundances (3209-41,820 ppb Os). In contrast, CAIs that show depletions in highly refractory elements and strongly fractionated REE patterns (group II) also show a much larger range in 187Re/188Os (0.409-0.535) and 187Os/188Os (0.12695-0.13770), and greater than an order of magnitude lower Re and Os abundances than other groups (e.g., 75.7-680.2 ppb Os). Sixteen bulk CAIs and CAI splits plot within analytical uncertainty of a 4558 Ga reference isochron, as is expected for materials of this antiquity. Eight samples, however, plot off the isochron. Several possible reasons for these deviations are discussed. Data for multiple splits of one CAI indicate that the nonisochronous behavior for at least this CAI is the result of Re-Os reequilibration at approximately 1.6 Ga. Thus, the most likely explanation for the deviations of most of the nonisochronous CAIs is late-stage open-system behavior of Re and Os in the asteroidal environment. The 187Os/188Os-Os systematics of CAIs are consistent with previous models that indicate group II CAIs are mixtures of components that lost the bulk of their highly refractory elements in a previous condensation event and a minor second component that provided refractory elements at chondritic relative proportions. The high Re/Os of group II CAIs relative to other CAIs and chondrite bulk rocks may have been caused by variable mobilization of Re and Os during medium- to low-temperature parent body alteration ??4.5 Ga ago. This model is favored over nebular models, which pose several difficulties. The narrow range of 187Os/188Os in group I, III, V, and VI bulk CAIs, and the agreement with 187Os/188Os of whole rock carbonaceous chondrites suggest that on a bulk inclusion scale, secondary alteration only modestly fractionated Re/Os in these CAIs. The average of 187Os/188Os for group I, III, V, and VI CAIs is indistinguishable from average CI chondrites, indicating a modern solar system value for 187Os/188Os of 0.12650, corresponding to a 187Re/188Os of 0.3964. Copyright ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00676-7","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Becker, H., Morgan, J.W., Walker, R., MacPherson, G., and Grossman, J.N., 2001, Rhenium-osmium systematics of calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions in carbonaceous chondrites: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 65, no. 19, p. 3379-3390, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00676-7.","startPage":"3379","endPage":"3390","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208120,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00676-7"},{"id":233583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad39e4b0c8380cd86e6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, H.","contributorId":103037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, J. W.","contributorId":92384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walker, R.J.","contributorId":105859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"MacPherson, G.J.","contributorId":84920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacPherson","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grossman, J. N.","contributorId":41840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023086,"text":"70023086 - 2001 - Geologic structures related to New Madrid earthquakes near Memphis, Tennessee, based on gravity and magnetic interpretations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70023086","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic structures related to New Madrid earthquakes near Memphis, Tennessee, based on gravity and magnetic interpretations","docAbstract":"New inversions of gravity and magnetic data in the region north of memphis. Tennessee, and south of latitude 36?? define boundaries of regional structures and igneous complexes in the upper crust. Microseismicity patterns near interpreted boundaries suggest that igneous complexes influence the locations of microseismicity. A weak seismicity cluster occurs near one intrusion (Covington pluton), at the intersection of the southwest margin of the Missouri batholith and the southeast margin of the Reelfoot rift. A narrow seismicity trend along the Reelfoot rift axis becomes diffuse near a second intrusion (Osceola intrusive complex) and changes direction to an area along the northwest flank of the intrusion. The axial seismicity trend also contains a tight cluster of earthquakes located just outside the Osceola intrusive complex. The mechanical explanation of the two seismicity patterns is uncertain, but the first cluster may be caused by stress concentration due to the high elastic stiffness and strength of the Covington intrusion. The spatially changing seismicity pattern near the Osceola complex may be caused by the preceding factors plus interaction with faulting along the rift axis. The axial seismicity strand itself is one of several connected and interacting active strands that may produce stress concentrations at strand ends and junctions. The microseismicity clusters at the peripheries of the two intrusions lead us to conclude that these stress concentrations or stressed volumes may be locations of future moderate to large earthquakes near Memphis. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Engineering Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00056-4","issn":"00137952","usgsCitation":"Hildenbrand, T., Stuart, W., and Talwani, P., 2001, Geologic structures related to New Madrid earthquakes near Memphis, Tennessee, based on gravity and magnetic interpretations: Engineering Geology, v. 62, no. 1-3, p. 105-121, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00056-4.","startPage":"105","endPage":"121","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208015,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00056-4"},{"id":233369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a21eee4b0c8380cd56bf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildenbrand, T.G.","contributorId":83892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stuart, W.D.","contributorId":65865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuart","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Talwani, P.","contributorId":101420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talwani","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023083,"text":"70023083 - 2001 - Temporal and spatial variations in fly ash quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70023083","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1710,"text":"Fuel Processing Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal and spatial variations in fly ash quality","docAbstract":"Fly ash quality, both as the amount of petrographically distinguishable carbons and in chemistry, varies in both time and space. Temporal variations are a function of a number of variables. Variables can include variations in the coal blend organic petrography, mineralogy, and chemistry; variations in the pulverization of the coal, both as a function of the coal's Hardgrove grindability index and as a function of the maintenance and settings of the pulverizers; and variations in the operating conditions of the boiler, including changes in the pollution control system. Spatial variation, as an instantaneous measure of fly ash characteristics, should not involve changes in the first two sets of variables listed above. Spatial variations are a function of the gas flow within the boiler and ducts, certain flow conditions leading to a tendency for segregation of the less-dense carbons in one portion of the gas stream. Caution must be applied in sampling fly ash. Samples from a single bin, or series of bins, m ay not be representative of the whole fly ash, providing a biased view of the nature of the material. Further, it is generally not possible to be certain about variation until the analysis of the ash is complete. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fuel Processing Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0378-3820(01)00193-X","issn":"03783820","usgsCitation":"Hower, J., Trimble, A., and Eble, C., 2001, Temporal and spatial variations in fly ash quality: Fuel Processing Technology, v. 73, no. 1, p. 37-58, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3820(01)00193-X.","startPage":"37","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208276,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3820(01)00193-X"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4f9e4b08c986b3206f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hower, J.C.","contributorId":100541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hower","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trimble, A.S.","contributorId":78110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trimble","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eble, C.F.","contributorId":35346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eble","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023077,"text":"70023077 - 2001 - NEHRP soil classifications for estimating site-dependent seismic coefficients in the Upper Mississippi Embayment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70023077","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"NEHRP soil classifications for estimating site-dependent seismic coefficients in the Upper Mississippi Embayment","docAbstract":"Local soil conditions have a profound influence on the characteristics of ground shaking during an earthquake. Exceptionally deep soil deposits, on the order of 100-1000 m deep, are found in the Upper Mississippi Embayment of the central United States. Shear waves (SH) from earthquakes in the New Madrid seismic zone are expected to be strongly affected by the sharp impedance contrasts at the bedrock/sediment interface, attenuation of seismic waves in the soil column, and the SH-wave velocities of the more poorly consolidated near-surface (???50 m) soils. SH-wave velocities of the near-surface soils at nearly 400 sites in the Upper Mississippi Embayment were determined using conventional seismic SH-wave refraction and reflection techniques. Based on the average SH-wave velocities of the upper 30 m of the soils, sites in the Mississippi River floodplain portion of the study area are predominantly classified as Site Class D (180-360 m/s) in accordance with the 1997 NEHRP provisions. Sites away from the active floodplains in western Kentucky and western Tennessee, the SH-wave velocities of the upper 30 m of soils typically ranged from mid-200 to mid-300 m/s. Several sites in western Kentucky had averaged SH-wave velocities greater than 360 m/s, thereby qualifying them as Site Class C (360-760 m/s) in accordance with the 1997 NEHRP provisions. One dimensional site effects, including amplification and dynamic site period, were calculated for a representative suite of sites across the Upper Mississippi Embayment at latitude ?? 38.5??. Although seismic attenuation is greater in the Mississippi River floodplain (i.e. thicker, lower velocity material), the site effects tend to be greater than in the uplands of western Tennessee because of larger impedance contrasts within the near-surface soils. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Engineering Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00057-6","issn":"00137952","usgsCitation":"Street, R., Woolery, E., Wang, Z., and Harris, J.B., 2001, NEHRP soil classifications for estimating site-dependent seismic coefficients in the Upper Mississippi Embayment: Engineering Geology, v. 62, no. 1-3, p. 123-135, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00057-6.","startPage":"123","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208224,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00057-6"},{"id":233807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a613ee4b0c8380cd7187f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Street, R.","contributorId":35097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Street","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woolery, E.W.","contributorId":53548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woolery","given":"E.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, Z.","contributorId":67976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harris, J. B.","contributorId":80441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023074,"text":"70023074 - 2001 - Strontium isotopes reveal distant sources of architectural timber in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70023074","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strontium isotopes reveal distant sources of architectural timber in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Between A.D. 900 and 1150, more than 200,000 conifer trees were used to build the prehistoric great houses of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, in what is now a treeless landscape. More than one-fifth of these timbers were spruce (Picea) or fir (Abies) that were hand-carried from isolated mountaintops 75-100 km away. Because strontium from local dust, water, and underlying bedrock is incorporated by trees, specific logging sites can be identified by comparing 87Sr/86Sr ratios in construction beams from different ruins and building periods to ratios in living trees from the surrounding mountains. 87Sr/86Sr ratios show that the beams came from both the Chuska and San Mateo (Mount Taylor) mountains, but not from the San Pedro Mountains, which are equally close. Incorporation of logs from two sources in the same room, great house, and year suggest stockpiling and intercommunity collaboration at Chaco Canyon. The use of trees from both the Chuska and San Mateo mountains, but not from the San Pedro Mountains, as early as A.D. 974 suggests that selection of timber sources was driven more by regional socioeconomic ties than by a simple model of resource depletion with distance and time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.211305498","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"English, N., Betancourt, J., Dean, J., and Quade, J., 2001, Strontium isotopes reveal distant sources of architectural timber in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 98, no. 21, p. 11891-11896, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.211305498.","startPage":"11891","endPage":"11896","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478854,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/59738","text":"External Repository"},{"id":233766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208207,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.211305498"}],"volume":"98","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bb4e4b08c986b31d03b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"English, N.B.","contributorId":38744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"English","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":396039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dean, J.S.","contributorId":76517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quade, Jay","contributorId":22108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quade","given":"Jay","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":396036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023068,"text":"70023068 - 2001 - Pesticides in the hydrologic system - What do we know and what's next?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70023068","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides in the hydrologic system - What do we know and what's next?","docAbstract":"Even though the occurrence and behaviour of pesticides in the environment have been studied for decades, water-quality managers and the public still demand more complete and consistent information, and there are many unanswered questions for environmental scientists. In many respects, the greatest potential for unintended adverse effects of pesticides is through contamination of the hydrologic system, which supports aquatic life and related food chains and is used for recreation, drinking water, and many other purposes. The movement of water is one of the primary mechanisms by which pesticides are transported from targeted application areas to other parts of the environment; thus, there is potential for movement into and through all components of the hydrologic system. Extensive reviews of existing information on pesticides in the hydrologic system, including the atmosphere (Majewski and Capel, 1995), ground water (Barbash and Resek, 1996), surface water (Larson et al., 1997), and fluvial sediments and aquatic biota (Nowell et al., 1999), uncovered volumes of useful information, but also noted critical information gaps. For example: (a) relatively few pesticides have been thoroughly studied, particularly transformation products; (b) most data have been collected for small-scale site and field studies in agricultural areas; (c) urban areas have received little attention for monitoring or research; (d) the geographic and temporal distributions of data collection have been highly uneven; and (e) comparing and synthesizing results from most studies is difficult because of inconsistent approaches to data collection and chemical analysis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.501","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Gilliom, R.J., 2001, Pesticides in the hydrologic system - What do we know and what's next?: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 16, p. 3197-3201, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.501.","startPage":"3197","endPage":"3201","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208174,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.501"}],"volume":"15","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a776fe4b0c8380cd784c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilliom, R. J.","contributorId":60650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}