{"pageNumber":"2943","pageRowStart":"73550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184582,"records":[{"id":50793,"text":"ofr02291 - 2002 - Hydrologic conditions and quality of rainfall and storm runoff in agricultural and rangeland areas in San Patricio County, Texas, 2000-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T16:02:43","indexId":"ofr02291","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-291","title":"Hydrologic conditions and quality of rainfall and storm runoff in agricultural and rangeland areas in San Patricio County, Texas, 2000-2001","docAbstract":"<p>During 2000–2001, rainfall and runoff were monitored in one mixed agricultural watershed and two rangeland watersheds in San Patricio County, located in the Coastal Bend area of South Texas. During this period, five rainfall samples were collected and analyzed for selected nutrients. Ten runoff samples from nine runoff events were collected at the three watershed monitoring stations. Runoff samples were analyzed for selected nutrients, major ions, trace elements, pesticides, and bacteria.</p><p>Study area rainfall during 2000 and 2001 was 33.27 and 28.20 inches, respectively, less than the long-term average annual of 36.31 inches. Total runoff from the study area watersheds during 2000–2001 was 2.46 inches; the regional average is about 2 inches per year. Rainfall and runoff during the study period was typical of historical patterns, with periods of below average rainfall interspersed with extreme events. Three individual storm events accounted for about 29 percent of the total rainfall and 86 percent of the total runoff during 2000– 2001.</p><p>Runoff concentrations of nutrients, major ions, and trace elements generally were larger in the mixed agricultural watershed than runoff concentrations in the rangeland watersheds. Pesticides were detected in two of eight runoff samples. Three pesticides (atrazine, deethylatrazine, and trifluralin) were detected in very small concentrations; only deethylatrazine was detected in a concentration greater than the laboratory minimum reporting level.</p><p>Bacteria in agricultural and rangeland runoff is a potential water-quality concern as all fecal coliform and <i>E. coli</i> densities in the runoff samples exceeded Texas Surface Water Quality Standards for receiving waters. However, runoff and relatively large bacteria densities represent very brief and infrequent conditions, and the effect on downstream water is not known.</p><p>Rainfall deposition is a major source of nitrogen delivered to the study area. Rainfall nitrogen (mostly ammonia and nitrate) exceeded the runoff yield. The average annual rainfall deposition of total nitrogen on the study area watersheds was 1.3 pounds per acre. In contrast, an average annual yield of 0.57 and 0.21 pound per acre of total nitrogen in runoff exited the mixed agricultural watershed and the rangeland watersheds, respectively.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02291","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service; San Patricio Soil and Water Conservation District; and The Welder Wildlife Foundation","usgsCitation":"Ockerman, D.J., 2002, Hydrologic conditions and quality of rainfall and storm runoff in agricultural and rangeland areas in San Patricio County, Texas, 2000-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-291, Report: iv, 20 p.; 1 Plate, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02291.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 20 p.; 1 Plate","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02291.JPG"},{"id":333398,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr02-291/pdf/02-291.pdf","text":"Report","size":"609 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":4573,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr02-291/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":333399,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr02-291/02-291_plate.jpg","text":"Plate 1","size":"809 KB jpg","description":"Plate 1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"San Patricio County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.8,\n              28\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.8,\n              28.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.1,\n              28.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.1,\n              28\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.8,\n              28\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614417","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ockerman, Darwin J. 0000-0003-1958-1688 ockerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-1688","contributorId":1579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ockerman","given":"Darwin","email":"ockerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":39935,"text":"wri024149 - 2002 - Sources of sodium and chloride in the Scituate Reservoir drainage basin, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:59","indexId":"wri024149","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4149","title":"Sources of sodium and chloride in the Scituate Reservoir drainage basin, Rhode Island","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024149","usgsCitation":"Nimiroski, M.T., and Waldron, M.C., 2002, Sources of sodium and chloride in the Scituate Reservoir drainage basin, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4149, 16 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024149.","productDescription":"16 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":164830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3635,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024149/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7599","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimiroski, Mark T.","contributorId":65898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimiroski","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waldron, Marcus C. mwaldron@usgs.gov","contributorId":1867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldron","given":"Marcus","email":"mwaldron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":44312,"text":"ofr01380 - 2002 - Archive of boomer subbottom data collected during USGS cruise ATSV99045, northern North Carolina, October 9-27, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T15:14:13","indexId":"ofr01380","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-380","title":"Archive of boomer subbottom data collected during USGS cruise ATSV99045, northern North Carolina, October 9-27, 1999","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01380","usgsCitation":"Capone, M., Thieler, E., Nichols, D., and O’Brien, T., 2002, Archive of boomer subbottom data collected during USGS cruise ATSV99045, northern North Carolina, October 9-27, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-380, 2 DVD-ROMs : ill. 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,{"id":70214399,"text":"70214399 - 2002 - Flow and storage in groundwater systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-25T18:05:58.235457","indexId":"70214399","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-25T13:00:44","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow and storage in groundwater systems","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstract-1\" class=\"section abstract\"><p id=\"p-2\">The dynamic nature of groundwater is not readily apparent, except where discharge is focused at springs or where recharge enters sinkholes. Yet groundwater flow and storage are continually changing in response to human and climatic stresses. Wise development of groundwater resources requires a more complete understanding of these changes in flow and storage and of their effects on the terrestrial environment and on numerous surface-water features and their biota.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Science","doi":"10.1126/science.1067123","usgsCitation":"Alley, W., Healy, R.W., LaBaugh, J.W., and Reilly, T.E., 2002, Flow and storage in groundwater systems: Science, v. 296, no. 5575, p. 1985-1990, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1067123.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1985","endPage":"1990","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378779,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"296","issue":"5575","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alley, William 0000-0001-7286-3938 walley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7286-3938","contributorId":140175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William","email":"walley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, Richard W. 0000-0002-0224-1858 rwhealy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0224-1858","contributorId":658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"Richard","email":"rwhealy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LaBaugh, James W. 0000-0002-4112-2536 jlabaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4112-2536","contributorId":1311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBaugh","given":"James","email":"jlabaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reilly, Thomas E. tereilly@usgs.gov","contributorId":1660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Thomas","email":"tereilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70214395,"text":"70214395 - 2002 - Comparison of δ18O measurements in nitrate by different combustion techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-16T18:48:10.049589","indexId":"70214395","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-25T12:47:33","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Comparison of δ<sup>18</sup>O measurements in nitrate by different combustion techniques","title":"Comparison of δ18O measurements in nitrate by different combustion techniques","docAbstract":"<div id=\"\" class=\"NLM_sec NLM_sec_level_1\"><div class=\"NLM_p last\"><span>Three different KNO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;salts with δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O values ranging from about −31 to +54‰ relative to VSMOW were used to compare three off-line, sealed glass tube combustion methods (widely used for isotope studies) with a more recently developed on-line carbon combustion technique. All methods yielded roughly similar isotope ratios for KNO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;samples with δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O values in the midpoint of the δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O scale near that of the nitrate reference material IAEA-NO-3 (around +21 to +25‰). This reference material has been used previously for one-point interlaboratory and intertechnique calibrations. However, the isotope ratio scale factors by all of the off-line combustion techniques are compressed such that they are between 0.3 and 0.7 times that of the on-line combustion technique. The contraction of the δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O scale in the off-line preparations apparently is caused by O isotope exchange between the sample and the glass combustion tubes. These results reinforce the need for nitrate reference materials with δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O values far from that of atmospheric O</span><sub>2</sub><span>, to improve interlaboratory comparability.</span></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ac025854b","usgsCitation":"Revesz, K.M., and Bohlke, J., 2002, Comparison of δ18O measurements in nitrate by different combustion techniques: Analytical Chemistry, v. 74, no. 20, p. 5410-5413, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac025854b.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"5410","endPage":"5413","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378778,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Revesz, Kinga M. krevesz@usgs.gov","contributorId":506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revesz","given":"Kinga","email":"krevesz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":799657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, John Karl 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":84641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"John Karl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70179950,"text":"70179950 - 2002 - Watershed restoration for anadromous rainbow trout in Washington's Wind River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T12:57:33","indexId":"70179950","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Watershed restoration for anadromous rainbow trout in Washington's Wind River, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Abstract not available</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 13th international salmonid habitat enhancement workshop","conferenceTitle":"13th international salmonid habitat enhancement workshop","conferenceDate":"16th - 19th September, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Mayo, Ireland","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Connolly, P., and Bair, B., 2002, Watershed restoration for anadromous rainbow trout in Washington's Wind River, USA, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 13th international salmonid habitat enhancement workshop, Mayo, Ireland, 16th - 19th September, 2002, p. 194-208.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"194","endPage":"208","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333602,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Wind River ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.06771850585939,\n              45.838367585245855\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.86927795410156,\n              45.70042486059141\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.76010131835938,\n              45.71001523943372\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.78550720214842,\n              45.78141177559351\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.92008972167969,\n              45.86419386810264\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.97708129882812,\n              45.89048608798558\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.04025268554688,\n              45.86849708265214\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.06153869628906,\n              45.8536734968093\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.06771850585939,\n              45.838367585245855\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":true,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58833027e4b0d002316377c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connolly, P.J.","contributorId":70141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":659269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bair, B.","contributorId":178495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bair","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70123802,"text":"70123802 - 2002 - Gas hydrates in the ocean environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T16:54:16","indexId":"70123802","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-09T10:58:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Gas hydrates in the ocean environment","docAbstract":"A GAS HYDRATE, also known as a gas clathrate, is a gas-bearing, icelike material. It occurs in abundance in marine sediments and stores immense amounts of methane, with major implications for future energy resources and global climate change. Furthermore, gas hydrate controls some of the physical properties of sedimentary deposits and thereby influences seafloor stability.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","doi":"10.1016/B0-12-227410-5/00276-3","usgsCitation":"Dillon, W.P., 2002, Gas hydrates in the ocean environment, chap. <i>of</i> Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology, p. 473-486, https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-227410-5/00276-3.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"473","endPage":"486","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293510,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-227410-5/00276-3"},{"id":293511,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5410145de4b07ab1cd980997","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70123538,"text":"70123538 - 2002 - Corrigendum to \"Lower crustal flow and the role of shear in basin subsidence: An example from the Dead Sea Basin\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:05:46","indexId":"70123538","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-05T11:20:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Corrigendum to \"Lower crustal flow and the role of shear in basin subsidence: An example from the Dead Sea Basin\"","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00710-0","usgsCitation":"ten Brink, U., 2002, Corrigendum to \"Lower 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,{"id":70123523,"text":"70123523 - 2002 - Paleoecological insights on fixed tree island development in the Florida Everglades: I. environmental controls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-30T14:21:59.59536","indexId":"70123523","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-05T10:05:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"4","title":"Paleoecological insights on fixed tree island development in the Florida Everglades: I. environmental controls","docAbstract":"<p><span>Palynological and geochemical analyses of sediment cores collected on two tree islands in the Florida Everglades indicate long-term hydrologic and chemical differences between tree islands and surrounding marshes and sloughs. Gumbo Limbo and Nuthouse tree islands are elongate, teardrop-shaped islands in Water Conservation Area 3B. Prior to tree island formation at both sites, pollen records indicate that sites on modern tree island heads were covered with sawgrass marshes with abundant weedy annuals. Such vegetation is characteristic of moderate water depths and hydroperiods with frequent droughts or disturbances. Contemporaneously deposited sediments on tree island tails indicate progressively deeper water conditions with increasing distance from the head; wetlands surrounding tree islands were covered by sloughs with deep water and long hydroperiods. Tree island formation occurred at about 1200 BC on Gumbo Limbo Island, with mature tree island vegetation established by about 800 AD. On Nuthouse Island, tree island formation occurred around 300 AD, shifting to mature tree island vegetation around 1400 AD. Thus, tree island formation began on these islands between 3.2 Ka and 1.7 Ka. Maturation of tree islands took between 1,000 and 2,000 years, and vegetation on these tree islands has been relatively stable for the last 600–1,200 years. Phosphorus levels on tree island heads have been extremely high (approximately six times greater than baseline levels in marshes) throughout the history of the sites, and phosphorus content in tree island tails began increasing when tree island formation occurred. Elevated phosphorus content may reflect the long-term presence of wading birds at these sites and provide a proxy for reconstructing the historic distribution of wading bird populations.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tree islands of the Everglades","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-94-009-0001-1_4","usgsCitation":"Willard, D.A., Murray, J.B., Holmes, C.W., Korvela, M.S., Mason, D., Orem, W.H., and Towles, D.T., 2002, Paleoecological insights on fixed tree island development in the Florida Everglades: I. environmental controls, chap. 4 <i>of</i> Tree islands of the Everglades, p. 117-151, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0001-1_4.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"151","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293439,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.5212,25.099 ], [ -81.5212,25.8918 ], [ -80.3887,25.8918 ], [ -80.3887,25.099 ], [ -81.5212,25.099 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"540ace51e4b023c1f29d58fa","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sklar, Fred H.","contributorId":23327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sklar","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509984,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van der Valk, A.","contributorId":111845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van der Valk","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509985,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Willard, Debra A. 0000-0003-4878-0942 dwillard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":2076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"Debra","email":"dwillard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24693,"text":"Climate Research and Development","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, James B. jbmurray@usgs.gov","contributorId":2065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"James","email":"jbmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":500165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holmes, Charles W.","contributorId":31071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Korvela, Michael S.","contributorId":59732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korvela","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mason, Daniel","contributorId":108035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Orem, William H. 0000-0003-4990-0539 borem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"William","email":"borem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Towles, D. Timothy","contributorId":100758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Towles","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70123310,"text":"70123310 - 2002 - Toward a community coastal sediment transport modeling system: the second workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-03T14:41:09","indexId":"70123310","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-03T14:38:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toward a community coastal sediment transport modeling system: the second workshop","docAbstract":"Models for transport and the long-term fate of particles in coastal waters are essential for a variety of applications related to commerce, defense, public health, and the quality of the marine environment. Examples include: analysis of waste disposal and transport and the fate of contaminated materials; evaluation of burial rates for naval mines or archaeological artifacts; prediction of water-column optical properties; analysis of transport and the fate of biological particles; prediction of coastal flooding and coastal erosion; evaluation of impacts of sea-level or wave-climate changes and coastal development; planning for construction and maintenance of navigable waterways; evaluation of habitat for commercial fisheries; evaluation of impacts of natural or anthropogenic changes in coastal conditions on recreational activities; and design of intakes and outfalls for sewage treatment, cooling systems, and desalination plants.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002EO000414","usgsCitation":"Sherwood, C.R., Harris, C.K., Geyer, W., and Butman, B., 2002, Toward a community coastal sediment transport modeling system: the second workshop: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 83, no. 51, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002EO000414.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"604","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293340,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293339,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002EO000414"}],"volume":"83","issue":"51","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a757fe4b01535cb427d45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherwood, Christopher R. 0000-0001-6135-3553 csherwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-3553","contributorId":2866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Christopher","email":"csherwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, Courtney K.","contributorId":19620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"Courtney","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6708,"text":"Virginia Institute of Marine Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":500010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geyer, W. Rockwell","contributorId":51588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geyer","given":"W. Rockwell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butman, Bradford 0000-0002-4174-2073 bbutman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-2073","contributorId":943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"Bradford","email":"bbutman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70123304,"text":"70123304 - 2002 - Climate change impacts on U.S. coastal and marine ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-10T17:05:13.482581","indexId":"70123304","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-03T13:37:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change impacts on U.S. coastal and marine ecosystems","docAbstract":"Increases in concentrations of greenhouse gases projected for the 21st century are expected to lead to increased mean global air and ocean temperatures. The National Assessment of Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change (NAST 2001) was based on a series of regional and sector assessments. This paper is a summary of the coastal and marine resources sector review of potential impacts on shorelines, estuaries, coastal wetlands, coral reefs, and ocean margin ecosystems. The assessment considered the impacts of several key drivers of climate change: sea level change; alterations in precipitation patterns and subsequent delivery of freshwater, nutrients, and sediment; increased ocean temperature; alterations in circulation patterns; changes in frequency and intensity of coastal storms; and increased levels of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>. Increasing rates of sea-level rise and intensity and frequency of coastal storms and hurricanes over the next decades will increase threats to shorelines, wetlands, and coastal development. Estuarine productivity will change in response to alteration in the timing and amount of freshwater, nutrients, and sediment delivery. Higher water temperatures and changes in freshwater delivery will alter estuarine stratification, residence time, and eutrophication. Increased ocean temperatures are expected to increase coral bleaching and higher CO<sub>2</sub> levels may reduce coral calcification, making it more difficult for corals to recover from other disturbances, and inhibiting poleward shifts. Ocean warming is expected to cause poleward shifts in the ranges of many other organisms, including commercial species, and these shifts may have secondary effects on their predators and prey. Although these potential impacts of climate change and variability will vary from system to system, it is important to recognize that they will be superimposed upon, and in many cases intensify, other ecosystem stresses (pollution, harvesting, habitat destruction, invasive species, land and resource use, extreme natural events), which may lead to more significant consequences.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02691304","usgsCitation":"Scavia, D., Field, J.C., Boesch, D.F., Buddemeier, R.W., Burkett, V., Cayan, D.R., Fogarty, M., Harwell, M.A., Howarth, R.W., Mason, C., Reed, D.J., Royer, T.C., Sallenger, A., and Titus, J.G., 2002, Climate change impacts on U.S. coastal and marine ecosystems: Estuaries, v. 25, no. 2, p. 149-164, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02691304.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"164","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and 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drcayan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-6811","contributorId":1494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","email":"drcayan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fogarty, Michael","contributorId":32838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogarty","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Harwell, Mark A.","contributorId":19093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwell","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Howarth, Robert W.","contributorId":32066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howarth","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13003,"text":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":499997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mason, Curt","contributorId":88657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"Curt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Reed, Denise J.","contributorId":71903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Denise","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Royer, Thomas C.","contributorId":68662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royer","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Sallenger, Asbury H. Jr.","contributorId":27458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"Asbury H.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Titus, James G.","contributorId":106026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70123295,"text":"70123295 - 2002 - Recent sediment studies refute Glen Canyon Dam hypothesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:48:37","indexId":"70123295","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-03T11:50:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent sediment studies refute Glen Canyon Dam hypothesis","docAbstract":"Recent studies of sedimentology hydrology, and geomorphology indicate that releases from Glen Canyon Dam are continuing to erode sandbars and beaches in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, despite attempts to restore these resources. The current strategy for dam operations is based on the hypothesis that sand supplied by tributaries of the Colorado River downstream from the dam will accumulate in the channel during normal dam operations and remain available for restoration floods. Recent work has shown that this hypothesis is false, and that tributary sand inputs are exported downstream rapidly typically within weeks or months under the current flow regime.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2002EO000191","usgsCitation":"Rubin, D.M., Topping, D.J., Schmidt, J.C., Hazel, J., Kaplinski, M., and Melis, T., 2002, Recent sediment studies refute Glen Canyon Dam hypothesis: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 83, no. 25, p. 273-278, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002EO000191.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"278","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002eo000191","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293332,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293331,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002EO000191"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Glen Canyon Dam","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.500534,36.928274 ], [ -111.500534,36.946111 ], [ -111.468519,36.946111 ], [ -111.468519,36.928274 ], [ -111.500534,36.928274 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"83","issue":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a751fe4b01535cb427a6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, David M. 0000-0003-1169-1452 drubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-1452","contributorId":3159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"drubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Topping, David J. 0000-0002-2104-4577 dtopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"David","email":"dtopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":499978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, John C. 0000-0002-2988-3869 jcschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-3869","contributorId":1983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"John","email":"jcschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hazel, Joe","contributorId":61758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hazel","given":"Joe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kaplinski, Matt","contributorId":65817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplinski","given":"Matt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Melis, Theodore S. 0000-0003-0473-3968 tmelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0473-3968","contributorId":1829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melis","given":"Theodore S.","email":"tmelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70123287,"text":"70123287 - 2002 - Subsurface controls on historical subsidence rates and associated wetland loss in southcentral Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T12:00:03","indexId":"70123287","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-03T09:09:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1871,"text":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface controls on historical subsidence rates and associated wetland loss in southcentral Louisiana","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"EXLDetailsDisplayVal\">Two regional releveling profiles and six tide gauges provide a basis for evaluating recent <span class=\"searchword\">rates</span> of delta plain <span class=\"searchword\">subsidence</span> in <span class=\"searchword\">southcentral</span> <span class=\"searchword\">Louisiana</span>. Analyses of these records demonstrate close correlations among highest <span class=\"searchword\">historical</span> <span class=\"searchword\">rates</span> of <span class=\"searchword\">subsidence</span>, rapid <span class=\"searchword\">wetland</span> losses, large volume hydrocarbon production, and probable reactivation of deep <span class=\"searchword\">subsurface</span> faults. Other researchers have demonstrated that the highest <span class=\"searchword\">geological</span> <span class=\"searchword\">subsidence</span> <span class=\"searchword\">rates</span> of the Mississippi delta plain (&lt;3 mm/yr) correspond closely to the thickest Holocene sediments that fill the underlying incised valley. Within that geologic framework, highest <span class=\"searchword\">historical</span> <span class=\"searchword\">subsidence</span> <span class=\"searchword\">rates</span> (as much as 23 mm/yr) correspond to surface projections of the reactivated Lake Hatch and Golden Meadow fault zones and to individual oil and gas fields. The initial acceleration and subsequent decline in <span class=\"searchword\">rates</span> of <span class=\"searchword\">wetland</span> <span class=\"searchword\">loss</span> in <span class=\"searchword\">southcentral</span> <span class=\"searchword\">Louisiana</span> are attributed partly to increased and then possibly decreased <span class=\"searchword\">rates</span> of <span class=\"searchword\">subsidence</span> that were related to increased and then decreased rates of fluid production. Decreases in subsurface pore pressures associated with gas production were so large that the state of stress was altered and critically stressed faults were likely reactivated. Subsidence rates in coastal Louisiana associated with natural compaction and dewatering of Holocene deltaic sediments should decrease with time. Therefore historical rates of delta plain subsidence that accelerate and typically exceed geological subsidence rates are most likely influenced by anthropogenic activities, such as subsurface fluid extraction.</span> </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"language":"English","publisher":"Golf Coast Association of Geological Societies","usgsCitation":"Morton, R., Buster, N.A., and Krohn, M.D., 2002, Subsurface controls on historical subsidence rates and associated wetland loss in southcentral Louisiana: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 52, p. 767-778.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"767","endPage":"778","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293319,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.0654296875,\n              28.285033294640684\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.96728515624999,\n              28.285033294640684\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.96728515624999,\n              30.713503990354965\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.0654296875,\n              30.713503990354965\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.0654296875,\n              28.285033294640684\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"52","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a7554e4b01535cb427bd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, Robert A.","contributorId":88333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buster, Noreen A. 0000-0001-5069-9284 nbuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5069-9284","contributorId":3750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buster","given":"Noreen","email":"nbuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krohn, M. Dennis dkrohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":3378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohn","given":"M.","email":"dkrohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Dennis","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70123190,"text":"70123190 - 2002 - Quantification of ground water discharge and nutrient loading to the Indian River Lagoon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-02T14:02:39","indexId":"70123190","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-02T13:55:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"seriesNumber":"SJ2002-SP5","title":"Quantification of ground water discharge and nutrient loading to the Indian River Lagoon","language":"English","publisher":"St. John's River Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Martin, J., Cable, J.E., and Swarzenski, P.W., 2002, Quantification of ground water discharge and nutrient loading to the Indian River Lagoon, 246 p.","productDescription":"246 p.","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293312,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Indian River Lagoon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.592172,28.045447 ], [ -80.592172,28.065141 ], [ -80.560157,28.065141 ], [ -80.560157,28.045447 ], [ -80.592172,28.045447 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5406d9d0e4b044dc0e82898f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Jonathan B.","contributorId":68450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jonathan B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cable, Jaye E.","contributorId":83658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cable","given":"Jaye","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70123187,"text":"70123187 - 2002 - Linkages between estuarine and reef fish assemblages: Enhancements by the presence of well-developed mangrove shorelines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-02T15:49:45.562798","indexId":"70123187","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-02T13:23:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"20","title":"Linkages between estuarine and reef fish assemblages: Enhancements by the presence of well-developed mangrove shorelines","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Everglades, Florida Bay, and coral reefs of the Florida Keys","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","doi":"10.1201/9781420039412-24","usgsCitation":"Ley, J.A., and McIvor, C.C., 2002, Linkages between estuarine and reef fish assemblages: Enhancements by the presence of well-developed mangrove shorelines, chap. 20 <i>of</i> The Everglades, Florida Bay, and coral reefs of the Florida Keys, p. 539-562, https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420039412-24.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"539","endPage":"562","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293310,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.9770937947987,\n              24.53309030333409\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.3289004354235,\n              24.603032295588406\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.57633695886129,\n              24.867458051721215\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2247744588612,\n              25.34497782975754\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.395062544799,\n              25.850284679458483\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.4225283651115,\n              26.24510088490767\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9770937947987,\n              26.235246713507266\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9770937947987,\n              24.53309030333409\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5406d9cde4b044dc0e828972","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Porter, J.W.","contributorId":77726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509981,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Porter, K.G.","contributorId":15319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509980,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Ley, Janet A.","contributorId":56563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ley","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIvor, Carole C.","contributorId":73254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIvor","given":"Carole","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70123181,"text":"70123181 - 2002 - Character, fate, and biological effects of contaminated, effluent-affected sediment on the Palos Verdes margin, southern California: an overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-02T13:02:45","indexId":"70123181","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-02T12:59:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Character, fate, and biological effects of contaminated, effluent-affected sediment on the Palos Verdes margin, southern California: an overview","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00106-6","usgsCitation":"Lee, H., and Wiberg, P.L., 2002, Character, fate, and biological effects of contaminated, effluent-affected sediment on the Palos Verdes margin, southern California: an overview: Continental Shelf Research, v. 22, no. 6-7, p. 835-840, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00106-6.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"835","endPage":"840","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293304,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293303,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00106-6"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Palos Verdes Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.428407,33.742117 ], [ -118.428407,33.804269 ], [ -118.315905,33.804269 ], [ -118.315905,33.742117 ], [ -118.428407,33.742117 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"22","issue":"6-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5406d9c4e4b044dc0e828913","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Homa J. hjlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":1021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Homa J.","email":"hjlee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":499938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiberg, Patricia L.","contributorId":72716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiberg","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70123172,"text":"70123172 - 2002 - Latest Quaternary stratigraphic framework of the Mississippi River delta region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-02T12:50:16","indexId":"70123172","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-02T12:46:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1871,"text":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Latest Quaternary stratigraphic framework of the Mississippi River delta region","docAbstract":"Previous researchers separated the uppermost Quaternary stratigraphy of the Mississippi River delta region into two major lithofacies. The stratigraphically lower of these, \"substratum,\" primarily consists of coarse-grained sediment deposited within lowstand-incised stream valleys. Relatively finer-grained \"topstratum\" overlies substratum; above interfluves, topstratum directly overlies weathered late Pleistocene sediments. However, the onshore to offshore distribution and architecture of these lithofacies was not well constrained. This study integrates published and unpublished lithostratigraphic data with high-resolution seismic profiles from the continental shelf to aid in mapping the regional distribution of major substratum deposits and thickness of topstratum sediments. A transgressive sand sheet commonly marks the base of the topstratum deposits, providing a stratigraphic marker to aid in regional lithostratigraphic correlations. Radiocarbondated deposits and boreholes tied to oxygen isotope chronologies provide chronostratigraphic control. Excellent correlation between these multiple datasets has been found to exist, enabling construction of regional isopachous and structural elevation maps and cross sections detailing elements of the Late Quaternary stratigraphy.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies","usgsCitation":"Kulp, M., Howell, P., Adiau, S., Penland, S., Kindinger, J., and Williams, S.J., 2002, Latest Quaternary stratigraphic framework of the Mississippi River delta region: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, p. 573-582.","productDescription":"10 p","startPage":"573","endPage":"582","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293299,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293298,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/gcags/data/052/052001/0573.htm#a1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.0532,29.0697 ], [ -90.0532,29.9434 ], [ -89.0946,29.9434 ], [ -89.0946,29.0697 ], [ -90.0532,29.0697 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5406d9cce4b044dc0e82896e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kulp, Mark","contributorId":77982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howell, Paul","contributorId":83033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adiau, Sandra","contributorId":15536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adiau","given":"Sandra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Penland, Shea","contributorId":88401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penland","given":"Shea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":499922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kindinger, Jack","contributorId":107338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Williams, S. Jeffress 0000-0002-1326-7420 jwilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1326-7420","contributorId":2063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"jwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jeffress","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70123159,"text":"70123159 - 2002 - Sand resources, regional geology, and coastal processes for shoreline restoration: case study of Barataria shoreline, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-02T11:46:57","indexId":"70123159","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-02T11:43:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1871,"text":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sand resources, regional geology, and coastal processes for shoreline restoration: case study of Barataria shoreline, Louisiana","docAbstract":"<p>The Louisiana barrier shoreline of Barataria Basin, which lies within the western Mississippi River delta, has undergone significant retreat during the past 100 years. The most practical restoration method to rebuild these shorelines is sand nourishment. Seismic and sonar interpretations verified with geologic samples (vibracores and borings) indicate that there are nine sand targets within the Barataria study area that meet or exceed the minimum criteria for potential resource sites. However, the near surface lithology in the basin is typically silts and clays. Locating suitable sand resources for shoreline restoration is challenging. The sand units are associated with geologic depositional systems such as ebb-tidal deltas, distributary mouth bars, and channel fill (undifferentiated fluvial or tidal inlet channels). The nine potential sand targets consist primarily of fine sand and can be delineated into three surficial and six buried features. The surficial features contain approximately 10% of the total sand resources identified. At least 90% of the sand resources need overburden sediment removed prior to use; almost 570 million yd<sup>3</sup> (438.5 mil m<sup>3</sup>) of overburden will need to be removed if the entire resource is mined. In this study, we identified 396 to 532 mil yd<sup>3</sup> (305.8 to 410.8 mil m<sup>3</sup>) of potential sand deposits for shoreline restoration.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Previous studies using less dense survey methods greatly over-estimated sand resources available in this area. Many fluvial channels reported previously as sand-filled are mud-filled. Contrary to these previous studies, few fluvial subsystems in this region have abundant sand resources.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies","usgsCitation":"Kindinger, J.L., Flocks, J.G., Kulp, M., Penland, S., and Britsch, L.D., 2002, Sand resources, regional geology, and coastal processes for shoreline restoration: case study of Barataria shoreline, Louisiana: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 52, p. 537-548.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"548","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293281,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/gcags/data/052/052001/0537.htm#a1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Barataria Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.98744,29.328828 ], [ -89.98744,29.427299 ], [ -89.847076,29.427299 ], [ -89.847076,29.328828 ], [ -89.98744,29.328828 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"52","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5406d9d2e4b044dc0e8289a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kindinger, Jack L. jkindinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","email":"jkindinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":499897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kulp, Mark","contributorId":77982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Penland, Shea","contributorId":88401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penland","given":"Shea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":499901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Britsch, Louis D.","contributorId":78024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britsch","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70123151,"text":"70123151 - 2002 - Seismic surveys in canals of Miami","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-02T11:31:32","indexId":"70123151","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-02T11:29:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3432,"text":"Soundwaves: coastal and marine research news from across the USGS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic surveys in canals of Miami","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soundwaves: coastal and marine research news from across the USGS","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Kindinger, J., 2002, Seismic surveys in canals of Miami: Soundwaves: coastal and marine research news from across the USGS.","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293275,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://soundwaves.usgs.gov/2002/01/fieldwork2.html"},{"id":293276,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Miami","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.1424,25.709042 ], [ -80.1424,25.855606 ], [ -80.31976,25.855606 ], [ -80.31976,25.709042 ], [ -80.1424,25.709042 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5406d9d3e4b044dc0e8289b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kindinger, Jack","contributorId":107338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70123142,"text":"70123142 - 2002 - 11 things a geologist thinks an engineer should know about carbonate beaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-02T10:30:39","indexId":"70123142","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-02T10:28:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"11 things a geologist thinks an engineer should know about carbonate beaches","docAbstract":"This is a review of the geological aspects of carbonate beaches that a geologist thinks may be useful for an engineer. Classical geologic problems of carbonate beaches, for example how ancient examples are recognized in rock sequences, are of little interest to engineers. Geologists not involved in engineering problems may find it difficult to know what an engineer should understand about carbonate beaches. Nevertheless, there are at least eleven topics that are potentially very useful for engineers to keep in mind. These eleven are chosen with as much thought going into what has been omitted as has been given to the eleven included topics. Some qualifications are in order: First, this paper does not discuss certain kinds of carbonate shorelines that are beyond the scope of engineering issues. For example, this review does not discuss very high-energy carbonate boulder beaches. These beaches are comprised of pieces of carbonate material ganging in size from ten centimeters to meters. Typically, these are high-energy storm deposits formed from pieces of either eroded carbonate rock or other large carbonate pieces such as pieces of large corals. This paper focuses on sand-sized (0.0625–2.0 mm) coastal carbonate deposits. Second, offshore beaches will not be discussed. There are many carbonate beaches that form on banks or shoals exposed at low tide, but our discussion is confined to what most people think of when they go to some tropical island and/or resort and walk out to lay on the beach. Third, this paper does not consider mixed carbonate/quartz sand beaches. While mixed beaches are common, only the end member of purely carbonate sand beaches is considered. Fourth, there will be no order of preference of the eleven topics. And lastly, these eleven topics are not consensus items. These are simply one geologist s thoughts about the aspects of carbonate beaches that would be useful for engineering colleagues to keep in mind. Where possible, general reference is made to textbooks that will lead the reader to extensive literature on carbonate sediments. Several of the topics are not so broad as to have had a large general treatment in texts, and in those cases some original literature is cited.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Carbonate beaches 2000: First International Symposium on Carbonate Sand Beaches : conference proceedings, December 5-8, 2000, Westin Beach Resort, Key Largo, Florida, U.S.A.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/40640(305)1","usgsCitation":"Halley, R., 2002, 11 things a geologist thinks an engineer should know about carbonate beaches, <i>in</i> Carbonate beaches 2000: First International Symposium on Carbonate Sand Beaches : conference proceedings, December 5-8, 2000, Westin Beach Resort, Key Largo, Florida, U.S.A., p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1061/40640(305)1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293265,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293263,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40640(305)1"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5406d9c0e4b044dc0e8288f9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Magoon, Orville T.","contributorId":26631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoon","given":"Orville","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509978,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robbins, Lisa L. 0000-0003-3681-1094 lrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-1094","contributorId":422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Lisa","email":"lrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509977,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ewing, Lesley","contributorId":113262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewing","given":"Lesley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509979,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Halley, Robert B.","contributorId":45692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":499863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70123140,"text":"70123140 - 2002 - Design and performance of a horizontal mooring for upper-ocean research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T12:50:04","indexId":"70123140","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-02T10:12:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2186,"text":"Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Design and performance of a horizontal mooring for upper-ocean research","docAbstract":"This paper describes the design and performance of a two-dimensional moored array for sampling horizontal variability in the upper ocean. The mooring was deployed in Massachusetts Bay in a water depth of 84 m for the purpose of measuring the horizontal structure of internal waves. The mooring was instrumented with three acoustic current meters (ACMs) spaced along a 170-m horizontal cable that was stretched between two subsurface buoys 20 m below the sea surface. Five 25-m-long vertical instrument strings were suspended from the horizontal cable. A bottom-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) was deployed nearby to measure the current velocity throughout the water column. Pressure sensors mounted on the subsurface buoys and the vertical instrument strings were used to measure the vertical displacements of the array in response to the currents. Measurements from the ACMs and the ADCP were used to construct time-dependent, two-dimensional current fields. The current fields were used as input to a numerical model that calculated the deformation of the array with respect to the nominal zero-current configuration. Comparison of the calculated vertical offsets of the downstream subsurface buoy and downstream vertical instrument string with the pressure measurements were used to verify the numerical code. These results were then used to estimate total deformation of the array due to the passage of the internal waves. Based on the analysis of the three internal wave events with the highest measured vertical offsets, it is concluded that the geometry of the main structure (horizontal cable and anchor legs) was kept to within ±2.0 m, and the geometry of the vertical instrument strings was kept to within ±4.0 m except for one instance when the current velocity reached 0.88 m s<sup>−1</sup>.","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<1376:DAPOAH>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Grosenbaugh, M., Anderson, S., Trask, R., Gobat, J., Paul, W., Butman, B., and Weller, R., 2002, Design and performance of a horizontal mooring for upper-ocean research: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, v. 19, no. 9, p. 1376-1389, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<1376:DAPOAH>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1376","endPage":"1389","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<1376:dapoah>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293260,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Massachusetts Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.224365234375,\n              41.64007838467894\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.466552734375,\n              41.64007838467894\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.466552734375,\n              42.80346172417078\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.224365234375,\n              42.80346172417078\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.224365234375,\n              41.64007838467894\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5406d9c7e4b044dc0e828930","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grosenbaugh, Mark","contributorId":30150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosenbaugh","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Steven","contributorId":80589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trask, Richard","contributorId":93397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trask","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gobat, Jason","contributorId":24284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gobat","given":"Jason","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paul, Walter","contributorId":95398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"Walter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Butman, Bradford 0000-0002-4174-2073 bbutman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-2073","contributorId":943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"Bradford","email":"bbutman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Weller, Robert","contributorId":84276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weller","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70123139,"text":"70123139 - 2002 - The movement of soil and sediment in Earth's atmosphere: microbiology and ecosystem health","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-02T09:52:25","indexId":"70123139","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-02T09:51:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1579,"text":"Epidemio-ecology News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The movement of soil and sediment in Earth's atmosphere: microbiology and ecosystem health","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Epidemio-ecology News","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Griffin, D., Kellogg, C., Garrison, V., Holmes, C., and Shinn, E., 2002, The movement of soil and sediment in Earth's atmosphere: microbiology and ecosystem health: Epidemio-ecology News, v. 1, no. 2, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293253,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293252,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/envirohealth/geohealth/archive.html"}],"volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5406d9d6e4b044dc0e8289d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffin, Dale W.","contributorId":23668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":499849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kellogg, C.A.","contributorId":13408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garrison, V.H.","contributorId":70731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"V.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holmes, C.","contributorId":33067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shinn, E.A.","contributorId":38610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70123136,"text":"70123136 - 2002 - Sediment-hosted contaminants and distribution patterns in the Mississippi and Atchafalaya River Deltas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-02T09:26:24","indexId":"70123136","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-02T09:24:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1871,"text":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment-hosted contaminants and distribution patterns in the Mississippi and Atchafalaya River Deltas","docAbstract":"<p>The Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers transport very large amounts of bedload and suspended sediments to the deltaic and coastal environments of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Absorbed onto these sediments are contaminants that may be detrimental to the environment. To adequately assess the impact of these contaminants it is first necessary to develop an understanding of sediment distribution patterns in these deltaic systems. The distribution patterns are defined by deltaic progradational cycles. Once these patterns are identified, the natural and industrial contaminant inventories and their depositional histories can be reconstructed. Delta progradation is a function of sediment discharge, as well as channel and receiving-basin dimensions. Fluvial energy controls the sediment distribution pattern, resulting in a coarse grained or sandy framework, infilled with finer grained material occupying the overbank, interdistributary bays, wetlands and abandoned channels. It has been shown that these fine-grained sediments can carry contaminants through absorption and intern them in the sediment column or redistribute them depending on progradation or degradation of the delta deposit.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Sediment distribution patterns in delta complexes can be determined through high-resolution geophysical surveys and groundtruthed with direct sampling. In the Atchafalaya and Mississippi deltas, remote sensing using High-Resolution Single-Channel Seismic Profiling (HRSP) and Sidescan Sonar was correlated to 20-ft vibracores to develop a near-surface geologic framework that identifies variability in recent sediment distribution patterns. The surveys identified bedload sand waves, abandoned-channel back-fill, prodelta and distributary mouth bars within the most recently active portions of the deltas. These depositional features respond to changes in deltaic processes and through their response may intern or transport absorbed contaminants. Characterizing these features provides insight into the fate of sediment-hosted contaminants.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies","usgsCitation":"Flocks, J.G., Kindinger, J.L., Ferina, N., and Dreher, C., 2002, Sediment-hosted contaminants and distribution patterns in the Mississippi and Atchafalaya River Deltas: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 52, p. 277-289.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"289","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293250,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293249,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/gcags/data/052/052001/0277.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Atchafalaya Delta;Mississippi Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.7928,28.934 ], [ -91.7928,29.9891 ], [ -88.89187,29.9891 ], [ -88.89187,28.934 ], [ -91.7928,28.934 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"52","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5406d9d3e4b044dc0e8289b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kindinger, Jack L. jkindinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","email":"jkindinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":499843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferina, Nicholas","contributorId":87073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferina","given":"Nicholas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dreher, Chandra","contributorId":75454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreher","given":"Chandra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70242854,"text":"70242854 - 2002 - Evidence from the AD 2000 Izu islands earthquake swarm that stressing rate governs seismicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-20T13:50:14.075143","indexId":"70242854","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-02T08:42:24","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence from the AD 2000 Izu islands earthquake swarm that stressing rate governs seismicity","docAbstract":"<p><span>Magma intrusions and eruptions commonly produce abrupt changes in seismicity far from magma conduits</span><sup>1,2,3,4</sup><span>&nbsp;that cannot be associated with the diffusion of pore fluids or heat</span><sup>5</sup><span>. Such ‘swarm’ seismicity also migrates with time, and often exhibits a ‘dog-bone’-shaped distribution</span><sup>3,4,6,7,8,9</sup><span>. The largest earthquakes in swarms produce aftershocks that obey an Omori-type (exponential) temporal decay</span><sup>10,11,12</sup><span>, but the duration of the aftershock sequences is drastically reduced, relative to normal earthquake activity</span><sup>7,13</sup><span>. Here we use one of the most energetic swarms ever recorded to study the dependence of these properties on the stress imparted by a magma intrusion</span><sup>8,11,14,15</sup><span>. A 1,000-fold increase in seismicity rate and a 1,000-fold decrease in aftershock duration occurred during the two-month-long dyke intrusion. We find that the seismicity rate is proportional to the calculated stressing rate, and that the duration of aftershock sequences is inversely proportional to the stressing rate. This behaviour is in accord with a laboratory-based rate/state constitutive law</span><sup>16</sup><span>, suggesting an explanation for the occurrence of earthquake swarms. Any sustained increase in stressing rate—whether due to an intrusion, extrusion or creep event—should produce such seismological behaviour.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publications","doi":"10.1038/nature00997","usgsCitation":"Toda, S., Stein, R.S., and Sagiya, T., 2002, Evidence from the AD 2000 Izu islands earthquake swarm that stressing rate governs seismicity: Nature, v. 419, p. 58-61, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature00997.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"58","endPage":"61","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","otherGeospatial":"Izu Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              139.09639342954478,\n              34.59408433709672\n            ],\n            [\n              139.09639342954478,\n              33.79361172692403\n            ],\n            [\n              139.73758087909994,\n              33.79361172692403\n            ],\n            [\n              139.73758087909994,\n              34.59408433709672\n            ],\n            [\n              139.09639342954478,\n              34.59408433709672\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"419","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toda, Shingi","contributorId":66400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toda","given":"Shingi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":870012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stein, Ross S. 0000-0001-7586-3933 rstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7586-3933","contributorId":2604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Ross","email":"rstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sagiya, Takeshi","contributorId":35895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sagiya","given":"Takeshi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":870014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70221501,"text":"70221501 - 2002 - Palynology and palynostratigraphy of the Hell Creek Formation in North Dakota: A microfossil record of plants at the end of Cretaceous time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-18T21:09:38.560201","indexId":"70221501","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-01T15:58:04","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5198,"text":"Geological Society of America Special Papers ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Palynology and palynostratigraphy of the Hell Creek Formation in North Dakota: A microfossil record of plants at the end of Cretaceous time","docAbstract":"<p><span>The&nbsp;</span>Hell<span>&nbsp;</span>Creek<span>&nbsp;</span>Formation<span>&nbsp;of&nbsp;</span>North<span>&nbsp;</span>Dakota<span>&nbsp;preserves a rich and varied palynoflora including pollen, spores, and algal cysts; this palynoflora provides insight into the nature of plant life&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the region&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;late Maastrichtian time. This palynological record supplements extensive data from the same ancient vegetation preserved&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the megafloral record, and it provides background biostratigraphic data necessary to determine the nature of the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary event. This study of the&nbsp;</span>Hell<span>&nbsp;</span>Creek<span>&nbsp;palynoflora is based upon occurrences of palynomorphs&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;71 samples from 20 measured sections&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;Bowman and Slope Counties, southwestern&nbsp;</span>North<span>&nbsp;</span>Dakota<span>. The palynoflora documented includes 115 or more palynomorph species, 98 of which are described. Three new genera are proposed, three new species are described, and five new nomenclatural combinations are made. The new taxa are Palaeoisoetes gen. nov., Styxpollenites gen. nov., Tschudypollis gen. nov., Aquilapollenites marmarthensis sp. nov., Osmundacidites stanleyi sp. nov., Styxpollenites calamitas sp. nov., Polyatriopollenites levis (Stanley 1965) comb. nov., Palaeoisoetes subengelmannii (Elsik 1968) comb. nov., Triporopollenites triplicatus (Anderson 1960) comb. nov., Tschudypollis retusus (Anderson 1960) comb. nov., and Tschudypollis thalmannii (Anderson 1960) comb. nov. The palynofloral taxa include 67 angiosperms, eight gymnosperms, 19 pteridophytes, and three bryophytes. Of these, 33 are regarded as characteristically uppermost Cretaceous taxa (K taxa). A few of the K taxa do not range all the way to the K-T boundary. Extinction of the&nbsp;</span>Hell<span>&nbsp;</span>Creek<span>&nbsp;palynoflora at the K-T boundary is ∼30%. The&nbsp;</span>Hell<span>&nbsp;</span>Creek<span>&nbsp;</span>Formation<span>&nbsp;is within theWodehouseia spinata Assemblage Zone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2361-2.393","usgsCitation":"Nichols, D.J., 2002, Palynology and palynostratigraphy of the Hell Creek Formation in North Dakota: A microfossil record of plants at the end of Cretaceous time: Geological Society of America Special Papers , v. 361, p. 393-456, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2361-2.393.","productDescription":"64 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"456","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386594,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"southwest North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.029541015625,\n              45.9511496866914\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.337646484375,\n              45.9511496866914\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.337646484375,\n              47.364873807434094\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.029541015625,\n              47.364873807434094\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.029541015625,\n              45.9511496866914\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"361","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, Douglas J.","contributorId":87184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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