The Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) investigation on Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) is aimed at determining (1) the composition of surface minerals, rocks, and ices; (2) the temperature and dynamics of the atmosphere; (3) the properties of the atmospheric aerosols and clouds; (4) the nature of the polar regions; and (5) the thermophysical properties of the surface materials. These objectives are met using an infrared (5.8- to 50-μm) interferometric spectrometer, along with broadband thermal (5.1- to 150-μm) and visible/near-IR (0.3- to 2.9-μm) radiometers. The MGS TES instrument weighs 14.47 kg, consumes 10.6 W when operating, and is 23.6×35.5×40.0 cm in size. The TES data are calibrated to a 1-σ precision of 2.5−6×10−8 W cm−2 sr−1/cm−1, 1.6×10−6 W cm−2 sr−1, and ∼0.5 K in the spectrometer, visible/near-IR bolometer, and IR bolometer, respectively. These instrument subsections are calibrated to an absolute accuracy of ∼4×10−8 W cm−2 sr−1/cm−1 (0.5 K at 280 K), 1–2%, and ∼1–2 K, respectively. Global mapping of surface mineralogy at a spatial resolution of 3 km has shown the following: (1) The mineralogic composition of dark regions varies from basaltic, primarily plagioclase feldspar and clinopyroxene, in the ancient, southern highlands to andesitic, dominated by plagioclase feldspar and volcanic glass, in the younger northern plains. (2) Aqueous mineralization has produced gray, crystalline hematite in limited regions under ambient or hydrothermal conditions; these deposits are interpreted to be in-place sedimentary rock formations and indicate that liquid water was stable near the surface for a long period of time. (3) There is no evidence for large-scale (tens of kilometers) occurrences of moderate-grained (>50-μm) carbonates exposed at the surface at a detection limit of ∼10%. (4) Unweathered volcanic minerals dominate the spectral properties of dark regions, and weathering products, such as clays, have not been observed anywhere above a detection limit of ∼10%; this lack of evidence for chemical weathering indicates a geologic history dominated by a cold, dry climate in which mechanical, rather than chemical, weathering was the significant form of erosion and sediment production. (5) There is no conclusive evidence for sulfate minerals at a detection limit of ∼15%. The polar region has been studied with the following major conclusions: (1) Condensed CO2 has three distinct end-members, from fine-grained crystals to slab ice. (2) The growth and retreat of the polar caps observed by MGS is virtually the same as observed by Viking 12 Martian years ago. (3) Unique regions have been identified that appear to differ primarily in the grain size of CO2; one south polar region appears to remain as black slab CO2 ice throughout its sublimation. (4) Regional atmospheric dust is common in localized and regional dust storms around the margin and interior of the southern cap. Analysis of the thermophysical properties of the surface shows that (1) the spatial pattern of albedo has changed since Viking observations, (2) a unique cluster of surface materials with intermediate inertia and albedo occurs that is distinct from the previously identified low-inertia/bright and high-inertia/dark surfaces, and (3) localized patches of high-inertia material have been found in topographic lows and may have been formed by a unique set of aeolian, fluvial, or erosional processes or may be exposed bedrock.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JE001370","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Christensen, P.R., Bandfield, J., Hamilton, V., Ruff, S.W., Kieffer, H.H., Titus, T., Malin, M.C., Morris, R., Lane, M.D., Clark, R., Jakosky, B., Mellon, M.T., Pearl, J., Conrath, B., Smith, M.D., Clancy, R., Kuzmin, R., Roush, T., Mehall, G., Gorelick, N., Bender, K., Murray, K., Dason, S., Greene, E., Silverman, S., and Greenfield, M., 2001, Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer experiment: Investigation description and surface science results: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 106, no. E10, p. 23823-23871, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001370.","productDescription":"49 p.","startPage":"23823","endPage":"23871","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233402,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"106","issue":"E10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a520fe4b0c8380cd6c11d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, P. R.","contributorId":7819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bandfield, J. L.","contributorId":59990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bandfield","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamilton, V.E.","contributorId":92024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruff, S. W.","contributorId":63136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruff","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kieffer, H. H.","contributorId":40725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Titus, T.N.","contributorId":102615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"T.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Malin, M. C.","contributorId":68830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Morris, R.V.","contributorId":6978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"R.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lane, M. D.","contributorId":94826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lane","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Clark, R.L.","contributorId":106767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Jakosky, B. M.","contributorId":103003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jakosky","given":"B. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Mellon, M. T.","contributorId":82833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mellon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Pearl, J.C.","contributorId":45074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Conrath, B.J.","contributorId":34286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrath","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Smith, M. D.","contributorId":25724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Clancy, R.T.","contributorId":61595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clancy","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Kuzmin, R.O.","contributorId":14932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuzmin","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Roush, T.","contributorId":76445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roush","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Mehall, G.L.","contributorId":9435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehall","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Gorelick, N.","contributorId":78131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorelick","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Bender, K.","contributorId":105483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Murray, K.","contributorId":69792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Dason, S.","contributorId":33997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dason","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Greene, E.","contributorId":19852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Silverman, S.","contributorId":17231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silverman","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Greenfield, M.","contributorId":19853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenfield","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26}]}} ,{"id":70023044,"text":"70023044 - 2001 - Decreased glutathione S-transferase expression and activity and altered sex steroids in Lake Apopka brown bullheads (Ameriurus nebulosus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:40","indexId":"70023044","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decreased glutathione S-transferase expression and activity and altered sex steroids in Lake Apopka brown bullheads (Ameriurus nebulosus)","docAbstract":"A number of freshwater lakes and reclaimed agricultural sites in Central Florida have been the receiving waters for agrochemical and municipal runoff. One of these sites, Lake Apopka, is also a eutrophic system that has been the focus of several case studies reporting altered reproductive activity linked to bioaccumulation of persistent organochlorine chemicals in aquatic species. The present study was initiated to determine if brown bullheads (Ameriurus nebulosus) from the north marsh of Lake Apopka (Lake Apopka Marsh) exhibit an altered capacity to detoxify environmental chemicals through hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST)-mediated conjugation as compared with bullheads from a nearby reference site (Lake Woodruff). We also compared plasma sex hormone concentrations (testosterone, 17-?? estradiol, and 11 keto-testosterone) in bullheads from the two sites. Female bullheads from Lake Apopka had 40% lower initial rate GST conjugative activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), 50% lower activity towards p-nitrobutyl chloride (NBC), 33% lower activity toward ethacrynic acid (ECA), and 43% lower activity toward ??5-androstene-3,17-dione (??5-ADI), as compared with female bullheads from Lake Woodruff. Enzyme kinetic analyses demonstrated that female bullheads from Lake Apopka had lower GST-catalyzed CDNB clearance than did female Lake Woodruff bullheads. Western blotting studies of bullhead liver cytosolic proteins demonstrated that the reduced GST catalytic activities in female Lake Apopka bullheads were accompanied by lower expression of hepatic GST protein. No site differences were observed with respect to GST activities or GST protein expression in male bullheads. Female Lake Apopka bullheads also had elevated concentrations of plasma androgens (testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone) as compared with females from Lake Woodruff. In contrast, male Lake Apopka bullheads had elevated levels of plasma estrogen but similar levels of androgens as compared with male bullheads from Lake Woodruff. Collectively, our studies indicate the presence of reduced GST protein expression, reduced GST conjugative capacity and altered sex steroid homeostasis in female bullheads from a contaminated field site in Central Florida. The implications of these physiological alterations in terms of pollutant biotransformation and reproduction are discussed. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00158-8","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Gallagher, E., Gross, T., and Sheehy, K., 2001, Decreased glutathione S-transferase expression and activity and altered sex steroids in Lake Apopka brown bullheads (Ameriurus nebulosus): Aquatic Toxicology, v. 55, no. 3-4, p. 223-237, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00158-8.","startPage":"223","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208253,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00158-8"},{"id":233874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe17e4b0c8380cd4eaff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallagher, E.P.","contributorId":70969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallagher","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gross, T. S.","contributorId":95828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"T. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheehy, K.M.","contributorId":77711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheehy","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023041,"text":"70023041 - 2001 - Predicting river travel time from hydraulic characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70023041","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting river travel time from hydraulic characteristics","docAbstract":"Predicting the effect of a pollutant spill on downstream water quality is primarily dependent on the water velocity, longitudinal mixing, and chemical/physical reactions. Of these, velocity is the most important and difficult to predict. This paper provides guidance on extrapolating travel-time information from one within bank discharge to another. In many cases, a time series of discharge (such as provided by a U.S. Geological Survey stream gauge) will provide an excellent basis for this extrapolation. Otherwise, the accuracy of a travel time extrapolation based on a resistance equation can be greatly improved by assuming the total flow area is composed of two parts, an active and an inactive area. For 60 reaches of 12 rivers with slopes greater than about 0.0002, travel times could be predicted to within about 10% by computing the active flow area using the Manning equation with n = 0.035 and assuming a constant inactive area for each reach. The predicted travel times were not very sensitive to the assumed values of bed slope or channel width.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2001)127:11(911)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Jobson, H., 2001, Predicting river travel time from hydraulic characteristics: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 127, no. 11, p. 911-918, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2001)127:11(911).","startPage":"911","endPage":"918","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208223,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2001)127:11(911)"},{"id":233806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81c8e4b0c8380cd7b717","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jobson, H.E.","contributorId":44952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobson","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023040,"text":"70023040 - 2001 - River flow mass exponents with fractal channel networks and rainfall","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70023040","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River flow mass exponents with fractal channel networks and rainfall","docAbstract":"An important problem in hydrologic science is understanding how river flow is influenced by rainfall properties and drainage basin characteristics. In this paper we consider one approach, the use of mass exponents, in examining the relation of river flow to rainfall and the channel network, which provides the primary conduit for transport of water to the outlet in a large basin. Mass exponents, which characterize the power-law behavior of moments as a function of scale, are ideally suited for defining scaling behavior of processes that exhibit a high degree of variability or intermittency. The main result in this paper is an expression relating the mass exponent of flow resulting from an instantaneous burst of rainfall to the mass exponents of spatial rainfall and that of the network width function. Spatial rainfall is modeled as a random multiplicative cascade and the channel network as a recursive replacement tree; these fractal models reproduce certain types of self-similar behavior seen in actual rainfall and networks. It is shown that under these modeling assumptions the scaling behavior of flow mirrors that of rainfall if rainfall is highly variable in space, and on the other hand flow mirrors the structure of the network if rainfall is not so highly variable. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00031-8","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Troutman, B., and Over, T., 2001, River flow mass exponents with fractal channel networks and rainfall: Advances in Water Resources, v. 24, no. 9-10, p. 967-989, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00031-8.","startPage":"967","endPage":"989","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208222,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00031-8"},{"id":233805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aadaee4b0c8380cd86f56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troutman, B.M.","contributorId":73638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Over, T.M.","contributorId":35918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Over","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023777,"text":"70023777 - 2001 - Evidence that coded-wire-tagging procedures can enhance transmission of Renibacterium salmoninarum in chinook salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T15:20:26","indexId":"70023777","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence that coded-wire-tagging procedures can enhance transmission of Renibacterium salmoninarum in chinook salmon","docAbstract":"Binary coded wire tags (CWTs) are used extensively for identification and management of anadromous salmonid populations. A study of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in two brood year groups of hatchery-reared spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha provided strong evidence that horizontal transmission of Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of BKD, might be enhanced by CWT-marking procedures. About 4 months after CWTs were implanted in the snouts of juvenile fish, 14-16 different tissues were sampled from each of 60 fish per brood year group for histological analysis. Of the fish that were positive for R. salmoninarum by histological examination, 41% (7 of 17) of the 1988 brood year fish and 24% (10 of 42) of the 1989 brood year fish had BKD lesions confined to the head near the site of tag implantation. These lesions often resulted in the destruction of tissues of one or both olfactory organs. No focal snout infections were observed in fish that had not been marked with CWTs. Further data obtained from tissue analyses by use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a fluorescent antibody test for detection of R. salmoninarum supported the hypothesis that infections of R. salmoninarum can be initiated in the snout tissues of CWT-marked fish and then spread to other organs. The tagging procedures might promote transmission of the pathogen among fish via contaminated tagging needles, by facilitating the entry of pathogens through the injection wound, or both. Limited evidence from this study suggested that implantation of passive integrated transponder tags in the peritoneal cavities of fish might also promote the transmission of R. salmoninarum or exacerbate existing infections. The results indicated a need for strict sanitary procedures during the tagging of fish in populations positive for R. salmoninarum to reduce the probability of enhanced horizontal transmission of the pathogen.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0181:ETCWTP>2.0.CO;2","issn":"08997659","usgsCitation":"Elliott, D., and Pascho, R., 2001, Evidence that coded-wire-tagging procedures can enhance transmission of Renibacterium salmoninarum in chinook salmon: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 13, no. 3, p. 181-193, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0181:ETCWTP>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207480,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(2001)013<0181:ETCWTP>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d71e4b0c8380cd5300b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, D.G.","contributorId":58226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pascho, R.J.","contributorId":65796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pascho","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023771,"text":"70023771 - 2001 - Standard reference water samples for rare earth element determinations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T09:21:29","indexId":"70023771","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Standard reference water samples for rare earth element determinations","docAbstract":"Standard reference water samples (SRWS) were collected from two mine sites, one near Ophir, CO, USA and the other near Redding, CA, USA. The samples were filtered, preserved, and analyzed for rare earth element (REE) concentrations (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). These two samples were acid mine waters with elevated concentrations of REEs (0.45–161 μg/l). Seventeen international laboratories participated in a ‘round-robin’ chemical analysis program, which made it possible to evaluate the data by robust statistical procedures that are insensitive to outliers. The resulting most probable values are reported. Ten to 15 of the participants also reported values for Ba, Y, and Sc. Field parameters, major ion, and other trace element concentrations, not subject to statistical evaluation, are provided.
The Grassland Bypass Project, which began operation in September 1996, was conceived as a means of diverting brackish selenium-contaminated agricultural drainwater away from canals and sloughs needed for transporting irrigation water to wetlands within the Grassland Water District (the Grasslands), Merced County, California. The seleniferous drainwater is now routed into the San Luis Drain for conveyance to North Mud Slough and eventual disposal in the San Joaquin River. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the Grassland Bypass Project has affected fishes in sloughs and other surface waters within and downstream from the Grasslands. During September-October 1997, 9,795 fish representing 25 species were captured at 13 sampling sites. Although several species exhibited restricted spatial distributions, association analysis and cluster analysis failed to identify more than one fish species assemblage inhabiting the various sites. However, seleniferous drainwater from the San Luis Drain has influenced selenium concentrations in whole fish within North Mud Slough and the San Joaquin River. The highest concentrations of selenium (12-23 ??g/g, dry weight basis) were measured in green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus from the San Luis Drain where seleniferous drainwater is most concentrated, whereas the second highest concentrations occurred in green sunfish (7.6-17 ??g/g) and bluegills Lepomis macrochirus (14-18 ??g/g) from North Mud Slough immediately downstream from the drain. Although there was some variation, fish in the San Joaquin River generally contained higher body burdens of selenium when captured immediately below the mouth of North Mud Slough (3.1-4.8 ??g/g for green sunfish, 3.7-5.0 ??g/g for bluegills) than when captured upstream from the mouth (0.67-3.3 ??g/g for green sunfish, 0.59-3.7 ??g/g for bluegills). Waterborne selenium was the single most important predictor of selenium concentrations in green sunfish and bluegills, as judged by results from multiple-regression analyses. Among bluegills, water temperature also contributed to the prediction of selenium body burdens.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0624:EOAADB>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Saiki, M.K., Martin, B., Schwarzbach, S., and May, T., 2001, Effects of an agricultural drainwater bypass on fishes inhabiting the Grassland Water District and the lower San Joaquin River, California: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 21, no. 3, p. 624-635, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0624:EOAADB>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"624","endPage":"635","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479007,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0624:eoaadb>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207416,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0624:EOAADB>2.0.CO;2"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.97595214843749,\n 37.33413244661209\n ],\n [\n -121.0089111328125,\n 37.31229085980303\n ],\n [\n -120.96084594726564,\n 37.1800139389017\n ],\n [\n -120.94161987304686,\n 37.14499280340638\n ],\n [\n -120.86334228515624,\n 37.10995544464346\n ],\n [\n -120.81802368164061,\n 37.09462150015557\n ],\n [\n -120.7672119140625,\n 37.14061402065652\n ],\n [\n -120.95535278320311,\n 37.33522435930641\n ],\n [\n -120.97595214843749,\n 37.33413244661209\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.76446533203125,\n 37.07928445197303\n ],\n [\n -120.80429077148436,\n 37.01022933958175\n ],\n [\n -120.79055786132812,\n 36.96964388918142\n ],\n [\n -120.68893432617188,\n 36.96415770803828\n ],\n [\n -120.65185546875,\n 36.99048777141416\n ],\n [\n -120.73699951171874,\n 37.07161476414343\n ],\n [\n -120.76446533203125,\n 37.07928445197303\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0688e4b0c8380cd512b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saiki, M. K.","contributorId":28917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, B.A.","contributorId":91269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwarzbach, S.E.","contributorId":32467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarzbach","given":"S.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023765,"text":"70023765 - 2001 - Changes in sample collection and analytical techniques and effects on retrospective comparability of low-level concentrations of trace elements in ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T12:31:08","indexId":"70023765","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in sample collection and analytical techniques and effects on retrospective comparability of low-level concentrations of trace elements in ground water","docAbstract":"Ground-water sampling techniques were modified to reduce random low-level contamination during collection of filtered water samples for determination of trace-element concentrations. The modified sampling techniques were first used in New Jersey by the US Geological Survey in 1994 along with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis to determine the concentrations of 18 trace elements at the one microgram-per-liter (μg/L) level in the oxic water of the unconfined sand and gravel Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system. The revised technique tested included a combination of the following: collection of samples (1) with flow rates of about 2L per minute, (2) through acid-washed single-use disposable tubing and (3) a single-use disposable 0.45-μm pore size capsule filter, (4) contained within portable glove boxes, (5) in a dedicated clean sampling van, (6) only after turbidity stabilized at values less than 2 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), when possible. Quality-assurance data, obtained from equipment blanks and split samples, indicated that trace element concentrations, with the exception of iron, chromium, aluminum, and zinc, measured in the samples collected in 1994 were not subject to random contamination at 1μg/L.Results from samples collected in 1994 were compared to those from samples collected in 1991 from the same 12 PVC-cased observation wells using the available sampling and analytical techniques at that time. Concentrations of copper, lead, manganese and zinc were statistically significantly lower in samples collected in 1994 than in 1991. Sampling techniques used in 1994 likely provided trace-element data that represented concentrations in the aquifer with less bias than data from 1991 when samples were collected without the same degree of attention to sample handling.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00094-X","issn":"00431354","usgsCitation":"Ivahnenko, T., Szabo, Z., and Gibs, J., 2001, Changes in sample collection and analytical techniques and effects on retrospective comparability of low-level concentrations of trace elements in ground water: Water Research, v. 35, no. 15, p. 3611-3624, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00094-X.","startPage":"3611","endPage":"3624","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207393,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00094-X"}],"volume":"35","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f423e4b0c8380cd4bb79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ivahnenko, T.","contributorId":20495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivahnenko","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Z. 0000-0002-0760-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":44302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibs, J.","contributorId":91632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibs","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023753,"text":"70023753 - 2001 - The mesoproterozoic midcontinent rift system, Lake Superior region, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70023753","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The mesoproterozoic midcontinent rift system, Lake Superior region, USA","docAbstract":"Exposures in the Lake Superior region, and associated geophysical evidence, show that a 2000 km-long rift system developed within the North American craton ??? 1109-1087 Ma, the age span of the most of the volcanic rocks. This system is characterized by immense volumes of mafic igneous rocks, mostly subaerial plateau basalts, generated in two major pulses largely by a hot mantle plume. A new ocean basin was nearly formed before rifting ceased, perhaps due to the remote effect of the Grenville continental collision to the east. Broad sagging/subsidence, combined with a system of axial half-grabens separated along the length of the rift by accommodation zones, provided conditions for the accumulation of as much as 20 km of volcanic rocks and as much as 10 km of post-rift clastic sediments, both along the rift axis and in basins flanking a central, post-volcanic horst. Pre-rift mature, quartzose sandstones imply little or no uplift prior to the onset of rift volcanism. Early post-rift red-bed sediments consist almost entirely of intrabasinally derived volcanic sediment deposited in alluvial fan to fluvial settings; the exception is one gray to black carbon-bearing lacustrine(?) unit. This early sedimentation phase was followed by broad crustal sagging and deposition of progressively more mature red-bed, fluvial sediments with an extra-basinal provenance. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00085-9","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Ojakangas, R., Morey, G.B., and Green, J., 2001, The mesoproterozoic midcontinent rift system, Lake Superior region, USA: Sedimentary Geology, v. 141-142, p. 421-442, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00085-9.","startPage":"421","endPage":"442","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207637,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00085-9"},{"id":232752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"141-142","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505badcae4b08c986b323df1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ojakangas, R.W.","contributorId":8541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ojakangas","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morey, G. B.","contributorId":14406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, J.C.","contributorId":90052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023740,"text":"70023740 - 2001 - Effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide Escherichia coli growth, chemical, composition, and cellular envelope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023740","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1570,"text":"Environmental Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide Escherichia coli growth, chemical, composition, and cellular envelope","docAbstract":"2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a herbicide widely used in the world and mainly excreted by the renal route in exposed humans and animals. Herbicides can affect other nontarget organisms, such as Escherichia coli. We observed that a single exposure to 1 mM 2,4-D diminished growth and total protein content in all E. coli strains tested in vitro. In addition, successive exposures to 0.01 mM 2,4-D had a toxic effect decreasing growth up to early stationary phase. Uropathogenic E. coli adhere to epithelial cells mediated by fimbriae, adhesins, and hydrophobic properties. 2,4-D exposure of uropathogenic E. coli demonstrated altered hydrophobicity and fimbriation. Hydrophobicity index values obtained by partition in p-xylene/water were 300-420% higher in exposed cells than in control ones. Furthermore, values of hemagglutination titer, protein contents in fimbrial crude extract, and electron microscopy demonstrated a significant diminution of fimbriation in treated cells. Other envelope alterations could be detected, such as lipoperoxidation, evidenced by decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids and increased lipid degradation products (malonaldehyde), and motility diminution. These alterations decreased cell adherence to erythrocytes, indicating a diminished pathogenic capacity of the 2,4-D-exposed E. coli. ?? 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/1522-7278(2001)16:1<43::AID-TOX50>3.0.CO;2-R","issn":"15204081","usgsCitation":"Carr, R., Biedenbach, J., and Hooten, R., 2001, Effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide Escherichia coli growth, chemical, composition, and cellular envelope: Environmental Toxicology, v. 16, no. 1, p. 43-53, https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-7278(2001)16:1<43::AID-TOX50>3.0.CO;2-R.","startPage":"43","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207524,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1522-7278(2001)16:1<43::AID-TOX50>3.0.CO;2-R"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05b2e4b0c8380cd50ef1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, R.S.","contributorId":31353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biedenbach, J.M.","contributorId":108262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biedenbach","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hooten, R.L.","contributorId":25323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023713,"text":"70023713 - 2001 - Late Quaternary vegetation history of Rough Canyon, south-central New Mexico, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T16:09:27","indexId":"70023713","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary vegetation history of Rough Canyon, south-central New Mexico, USA","docAbstract":"South-central New Mexico, USA, at the junction of the Rocky Mountains, High Plains and Chihuahuan Desert, is one of the better known regions in the late Quaternary of North America. Plant macrofossils and pollen from a packrat midden series in Rough Canyon, New Mexico allows refinement of plant distributions and paleoclimates in this transitional area since full glacial times. From 17 000 to 12 000 14C yr BP, Pinus edulis–Juniperus scopulorum woodlands dominated limestone substrates between 1800 and 1490 m, with Pseudotsugamenziesii and other mixed-conifer species restricted to shady, north-facing slopes. Juniperus deppeana, the dominant juniper today above 2000 m in southern New Mexico, is conspicuously absent from glacial middens and must have been displaced south of the US–Mexico border. The minimum climatic conditions for P. edulis–J. scopulorum woodlands are ca 20% wetter and 3.5–5°C cooler (July mean maximum temperatures) than the modern climate at Rough Canyon. Holocene warming/drying may have started as early as 12 000 14C yr BP with the extirpation of J. scopulorum from Rough Canyon, and was completed by at least 10 54014C yr BP. The record for arrivals of some desert species is confounded by traces of pollen and macrofossils in some of the glacial middens, which could signify either earliest occurrence or temporal mixing (contamination) of assemblages. AMS 14C dating can discriminate between early arrival and contamination in midden macrofossils but not in pollen. AMS dates show that Choisya dumosa, presently near its northern (cold) limits at Rough Canyon, endured late glacial winters, possibly as clonal populations. Some Larrea tridentata leaves and pollen occur in middens dominated by conifers and oaks no longer at the site; an AMS date of 3205 14C yr BP on Larrea leaves from one midden indicates contamination. Evidence for some macrofossil contamination, however, does not rule out the possibility that pollen of desert elements (e.g. Larrea, Prosopis) in late glacial–early Holocene middens indicates their presence in the Tularosa Basin, well ahead of their local appearance in Rough Canyon. Finally, the increasing dominance of desert elements after 5000 14C yr BP in the Rough Canyon series and elsewhere in the northern Chihuahuan Desert could reflect slow, postglacial migration from the south and/or progressive encroachment with gradual stripping of soils formed during the last glacial period.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00154-1","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Betancourt, J., Rylander, K.A., Penalba, C., and McVickar, J., 2001, Late Quaternary vegetation history of Rough Canyon, south-central New Mexico, USA: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 165, no. 1-2, p. 71-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00154-1.","startPage":"71","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"165","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a453de4b0c8380cd67159","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rylander, Kate Aasen","contributorId":76447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rylander","given":"Kate","email":"","middleInitial":"Aasen","affiliations":[{"id":219,"text":"Desert Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Penalba, C.","contributorId":34296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Penalba","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McVickar, J.L.","contributorId":86931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McVickar","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023704,"text":"70023704 - 2001 - Coastal change analysis program implemented in Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-08T18:27:20","indexId":"70023704","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coastal change analysis program implemented in Louisiana","docAbstract":"Landsat Thematic Mapper images from 1990 to 1996 and collateral data sources were used to classify the land cover of the Mermentau River Basin (MRB) within the Chenier Plain of coastal Louisiana. Landcover classes followed the definition of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Coastal Change Analysis Program; however, classification methods had to be developed as part of this study for attainment of these national classification standards. Classification method developments were especially important when classes were spectrally inseparable, when classes were part of spatial and spectral continuums, when the spatial resolution of the sensor included more than one landcover type, and when human activities caused abnormal transitions in the landscape. Most classification problems were overcome by using one or a combination of techniques, such as separating the MRB into subregions of commonality, applying masks to specific land mixtures, and highlighting class transitions between years that were highly unlikely. Overall, 1990, 1993, and 1996 classification accuracy percentages (associated kappa statistics) were 80% (0.79), 78% (0.76), and 86% (0.84), respectively. Most classification errors were associated with confusion between managed (cultivated land) and unmanaged grassland classes; scrub shrub, grasslands and forest classes; water, unconsolidated shore and bare land classes; and especially in 1993, between water and floating vegetation classes. Combining cultivated land and grassland classes and water and floating vegetation classes into single classes accuracies for 1990, 1993, and 1996 increased to 82%, 83%, and 90%, respectively. To improve the interpretation of landcover change, three indicators of landcover class stability were formulated. Location stability was defined as the percentage of a landcover class that remained as the same class in the same location at the beginning and the end of the monitoring period. Residence stability was defined as the percent change in each class within the entire MRB during the monitoring period. Turnover was defined as the addition of other landcover classes to the target landcover class during the defined monitoring period. These indicators allowed quick assessment of the dynamic nature of landcover classes, both in reference to a spatial location and to retaining their presence throughout the MRB. Examining the landcover changes between 1990 to 1993 and 1993 to 1996, led us to five principal findings: (1) Landcover turnover is maintaining a near stable logging cycle, although the locations of grassland, scrub shrub, and forest areas involved in the cycle appeared to change. (2) Planting of seedlings is critical to maintaining cycle stability. (3) Logging activities tend to replace woody land mixed forests with woody land evergreen forests. (4) Wetland estuarine marshes are expanding slightly. (5) Wetland palustrine marshes and mature forested wetlands in the MRB are relatively stable.","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Ramsey, E., Nelson, G., and Sapkota, S., 2001, Coastal change analysis program implemented in Louisiana: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 17, no. 1, p. 53-71.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":368137,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4300149"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Mermentau River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.328857421875,\n 29.513720234908057\n ],\n [\n -92.01599121093749,\n 29.513720234908057\n ],\n [\n -92.01599121093749,\n 31.067050772707812\n ],\n [\n -93.328857421875,\n 31.067050772707812\n ],\n [\n -93.328857421875,\n 29.513720234908057\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f77ce4b0c8380cd4cb3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramsey, Elijah W. III 0000-0002-4518-5796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":72769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"Elijah W.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, G.A.","contributorId":17687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sapkota, S.K.","contributorId":24434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sapkota","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023681,"text":"70023681 - 2001 - A portfolio approach to evaluating natural hazard mitigation policies: An application to lateral-spread ground failure in coastal California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T16:20:03.892804","indexId":"70023681","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A portfolio approach to evaluating natural hazard mitigation policies: An application to lateral-spread ground failure in coastal California","docAbstract":"In the past, efforts to prevent catastrophic losses from natural hazards have largely been undertaken by individual property owners based on site—specific evaluations of risks to particular buildings. Public efforts to assess community vulnerability and encourage mitigation have focused on either aggregating site—specific estimates or adopting standards based upon broad assumptions about regional risks. This paper develops an alternative, intermediate—scale approach to regional risk assessment and the evaluation of community mitigation policies. Properties are grouped into types with similar land uses and levels of hazard, and hypothetical community mitigation strategies for protecting these properties are modeled like investment portfolios. The portfolios consist of investments in mitigation against the risk to a community posed by a specific natural hazard. and are defined by a community's mitigation budget and the proportion of the budget invested in locations of each type.
The usefulness of this approach is demonstrated through an integrated assessment of earthquake—induced lateral—spread ground failure risk in the Watsonville, California area. Data from the magnitude 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989 are used to model lateral—spread ground failure susceptibility. Earth science and economic data are combined and analyzed in a Geographic Information System (CIS). The portfolio model is then used to evaluate the benefits of mitigating the risk in different locations. Two mitigation policies, one that prioritizes mitigation by land use type and the other by hazard zone, are compared with a status quo policy of doing no further mitigation beyond that which already exists. The portfolio representing the hazard zone rule yields a higher expected return than the land use portfolio does; however, the hazard zone portfolio experiences a higher standard deviation. Therefore, neither portfolio is clearly preferred. The two mitigation policies both reduce expected losses and increase overall expected community wealth compared to the status quo policy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00206810109465024","issn":"00206814","usgsCitation":"Bernknopf, R., Dinitz, L., Rabinovici, S., and Evans, A., 2001, A portfolio approach to evaluating natural hazard mitigation policies: An application to lateral-spread ground failure in coastal California: International Geology Review, v. 43, no. 5, p. 424-440, https://doi.org/10.1080/00206810109465024.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"424","endPage":"440","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Watsonville","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.92901611328125,\n 36.74438649742862\n ],\n [\n -121.22177124023436,\n 36.74438649742862\n ],\n [\n -121.22177124023436,\n 36.99816565700228\n ],\n [\n -121.92901611328125,\n 36.99816565700228\n ],\n [\n -121.92901611328125,\n 36.74438649742862\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4e3e4b0c8380cd469cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bernknopf, R. L.","contributorId":46082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernknopf","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dinitz, L.B.","contributorId":16192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinitz","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rabinovici, S.J.M.","contributorId":103832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabinovici","given":"S.J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, A.M.","contributorId":20117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023670,"text":"70023670 - 2001 - Late Cenozoic regional collapse due to evaporite flow and Dissolution in the Carbondale Collapse Center, West-Central Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T10:37:31","indexId":"70023670","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cenozoic regional collapse due to evaporite flow and Dissolution in the Carbondale Collapse Center, West-Central Colorado","docAbstract":"Dissolution and flow of Pennsylvanian evaporitic rocks in west-central Colorado created the Carbondale Collapse Center, a 450 mi2 structural depression with about 4,000 ft of vertical collapse during the late Cenozoic. This paper describes evidence of collapse in the lower Roaring Fork River valley. Both the lateral extent and amount of vertical collapse is constrained by deformed upper Cenozoic volcanic rocks that have been correlated using field mapping, 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, geochemistry, and paleomagnetism. The Carbondale Collapse Center is one of at least two contiguous areas that have experienced major evaporite tectonism during the late Cenozoic. Historic sinkholes, deformed Holocene deposits, and modern high-salinity loads in the rivers and thermal springs indicate the collapse process continues today. Flow of evaporitic rocks is an important element in the collapse process, and during initial stages of collapse it was probably the primary causative mechanism. Dissolution, however, is the ultimate means by which evaporite is removed from the collapse area. As the Roaring Fork River began to rapidly down-cut through a broad volcanic plateau during the late Miocene, the underlying evaporite beds were subjected to differential overburden pressures. The evaporitic rocks flowed from beneath the upland areas where overburden pressures remained high, toward the Roaring Fork River Valley where the pressures were much lower. Along the valley the evaporitic rocks rose upward, sometimes as diapirs, forming or enhancing a valley anticline in bedrock and locally upwarping Pleistocene terraces. Wherever the evaporites encountered relatively fresh ground water, they were dissolved, forming underground voids into which overlying bedrock and surficial deposits subsided. The saline ground water eventually discharged to streams and rivers through thermal springs and by seepage into alluvial aquifers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountain Geologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0027254X","usgsCitation":"Kirkham, R., Streufert, R.K., Budahn, J., Kunk, M.J., and Perry, W.J., 2001, Late Cenozoic regional collapse due to evaporite flow and Dissolution in the Carbondale Collapse Center, West-Central Colorado: Mountain Geologist, v. 38, no. 4, p. 193-210.","startPage":"193","endPage":"210","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44c8e4b0c8380cd66d97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirkham, R. M.","contributorId":16915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirkham","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Streufert, R. K.","contributorId":81516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Streufert","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Budahn, J. R. 0000-0001-9794-8882","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":83914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Perry, W. J.","contributorId":24752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023664,"text":"70023664 - 2001 - Evolution of the December 14, 1989 precursory long-period event swarm at Redoubt volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023664","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of the December 14, 1989 precursory long-period event swarm at Redoubt volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"The intermittency pattern and evolution in waveforms of long-period (LP) seismic events during the intense, 23-h swarm that preceded the December 14, 1989 eruption of Redoubt volcano are investigated. Utilizing cross correlation to exploit the high degree of similarity among waveforms, a substantially more complete event catalog is generated than was available from near realtime detection based on short-term/long-term amplitude ratios, which was saturated by the high rate of activity. The temporal magnitude distribution of the predominant LP events is found to have an unusual banded structure in which the average magnitude of each band slowly increases and then decreases through time. A bifurcation that appears in the uppermost band shortly after the peak in magnitudes is characterized by a quasi-periodicity in intermittency and magnitude that is reminiscent of one of the classic routes to chaotic behavior in some non-linear systems. The waveforms of the predominant events evolve slowly but unsteadily through time. These gradual changes appear to result from variations in the relative amplitudes of spectral peaks that remain stable in frequency, which suggests that they are due to differential excitation of a single, resonant source. Two other previously unrecognized, repetitive waveforms are also identified, but the signals from these secondary events are not clearly recorded at distances beyond the closest station. Similarities among the spectra of the predominant and secondary events suggest that the signals from these events also could represent different modes of exciting the same source. Significant changes in the rates and the sizes of the largest of these secondary events appear to coincide with the peak in the size distribution of the predominant LPs. At least some of the non-repetitive LP waveforms in the swarm appear to be the result of the superposition of signals from the rapid repetition of predominant LP source, thus placing a constraint on the repeat time of the triggering mechanism for this source. A lone hybrid event, which has a waveform character intermediate between the predominant LP events and high-frequency volcano-tectonic events, was also identified in the swarm; the occurrence of this event provides important evidence that the low-frequency character of the LP events is a source rather than a path or site effect. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00308-5","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Stephens, C., and Chouet, B., 2001, Evolution of the December 14, 1989 precursory long-period event swarm at Redoubt volcano, Alaska: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 109, no. 1-3, p. 133-148, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00308-5.","startPage":"133","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207542,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00308-5"},{"id":232578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d88e4b0c8380cd5308b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephens, C.D.","contributorId":18752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B. A.","contributorId":31813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022710,"text":"70022710 - 2001 - Chemical anesthesia of Northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris): Results of past field studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T15:18:02","indexId":"70022710","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Chemical anesthesia of Northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris): Results of past field studies","title":"Chemical anesthesia of Northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris): Results of past field studies","docAbstract":"Between 1987 and 1997, we chemically immobilized 597 wild sea otters (Enhydra lutris) in Alaska for the collection of biological samples or for surgical instrumentation. One drug-related sea otter fatality occurred during this time. Fentanyl in combination with diazepam produced consistent, smooth inductions with minimal need for supplemental anesthetics during procedures lasting 30-40 min. Antagonism with naltrexone or naloxone was rapid and complete, although we observed narcotic recycling in sea otters treated with naloxone. For surgical procedures, we recommend a fentanyl target dose of 0.33 mg/kg of body mass and diazepam at 0.11 mg/kg. For nonsurgical biological sample collection procedures, we recommend fentanyl at 0.22 mg/kg and diazepam at 0.07 mg/kg. We advise the use of the opioid antagonist naltrexone at a ratio of 2:1 to the total fentanyl administered during processing.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","doi":"10.1638/1042-7260(2001)032[0181:CAONSO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10427260","usgsCitation":"Monson, D., McCormick, C., and Ballachey, B.E., 2001, Chemical anesthesia of Northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris): Results of past field studies: Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 32, no. 2, p. 181-189, https://doi.org/10.1638/1042-7260(2001)032[0181:CAONSO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"189","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f554e4b0c8380cd4c193","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, C.","contributorId":10583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023656,"text":"70023656 - 2001 - Mapping crustal heterogeneity using Lg propagation efficiency throughout the Middle East, Mediterranean, Southern Europe and Northern Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023656","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping crustal heterogeneity using Lg propagation efficiency throughout the Middle East, Mediterranean, Southern Europe and Northern Africa","docAbstract":"In this paper we describe a technique for mapping the lateral variation of Lg characteristics such as Lg blockage, efficient Lg propagation, and regions of very high attenuation in the Middle East, North Africa, Europe and the Mediterranean regions. Lg is used in a variety of seismological applications from magnitude estimation to identification of nuclear explosions for monitoring compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). These applications can give significantly biased results if the Lg phase is reduced or blocked by discontinuous structure or thin crust. Mapping these structures using quantitative techniques for determining Lg amplitude attenuation can break down when the phase is below background noise. In such cases Lg blockage and inefficient propagation zones are often mapped out by hand. With our approach, we attempt to visually simplify this information by imaging crustal structure anomalies that significantly diminish the amplitude of Lg. The visualization of such anomalies is achieved by defining a grid of cells that covers the entire region of interest. We trace Lg rays for each event/ station pair, which is simply the great circle path, and attribute to each cell a value equal to the maximum value of the Lg/P-coda amplitude ratio for all paths traversing that particular cell. The resulting map, from this empirical approach, is easily interpreted in terms of crustal structure and can successfully image small blockage features often missed by analysis of raypaths alone. This map can then be used to screen out events with blocked Lg prior to performing Q tomography, and to avoid using Lg-based methods of event identification for the CTBT in regions where they cannot work. For this study we applied our technique to one of the most tectonically complex regions on the earth. Nearly 9000 earthquake/station raypaths, traversing the vast region comprised of the Middle East, Mediterranean, Southern Europe and Northern Africa, have been analyzed. We measured the amplitude of Lg relative to the P-coda and mapped the lateral variation of Lg propagation efficiency. With the relatively dense coverage provided by the numerous crossing paths we are able to map out the pattern of crustal heterogeneity that gives rise to the observed character of Lg propagation. We observe that the propagation characteristics of Lg within the region of interest are very complicated but are readily correlated with the different tectonic environments within the region. For example, clear strong Lg arrivals are observed for paths crossing the stable continental interiors of Northern Africa and the Arabian Shield. In contrast, weakened to absent Lg is observed for paths crossing much of the Middle East, and Lg is absent for paths traversing the Mediterranean. Regions that block Lg transmission within the Middle East are very localized and include the Caspian Sea, the Iranian Plateau and the Red Sea. Resolution is variable throughout the region and strongly depends on the distribution of seismicity and recording stations. Lg propagation is best resolved within the Middle East where regions of crustal heterogeneity on the order of 100 km are imaged (e.g., South Caspian Sea and Red Sea). Crustal heterogeneity is resolvable but is poorest in seismically quiescent Northern Africa.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"McNamara, D., and Walter, W., 2001, Mapping crustal heterogeneity using Lg propagation efficiency throughout the Middle East, Mediterranean, Southern Europe and Northern Africa: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 158, no. 7, p. 1165-1188.","startPage":"1165","endPage":"1188","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"158","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5055e4b0c8380cd6b600","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McNamara, D.E. 0000-0001-6860-0350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-0350","contributorId":52286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"D.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walter, W.R.","contributorId":33089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023654,"text":"70023654 - 2001 - Seismic reflection images of shallow faulting, northernmost Mississippi embayment, north of the New Madrid seismic zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023654","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic reflection images of shallow faulting, northernmost Mississippi embayment, north of the New Madrid seismic zone","docAbstract":"High-resolution seismic reflection surveys document tectonic faults that displace Pleistocene and older strata just beyond the northeast termination of the New Madrid seismic zone, at the northernmost extent of the Mississippi embayment. These faults, which are part of the Fluorspar Area fault complex in southeastern Illinois, are directly in line with the northeast-trending seismic zone. The reflection data were acquired using an elastic weight-drop source recorded to 500 msec by a 48-geophone array (24-fold) with a 10-ft (??3.0m) station interval. Recognizable reflections were recorded to about 200 msec (100-150 m). The effects of multiple reflections, numerous diffractions, low apparent velocity (i.e., steeply dipping) noise, and the relatively low-frequency content of the recorded signal provided challenges for data processing and interpreting subtle fault offsets. Data processing steps that were critical to the detection of faults included residual statics, post-stack migration, deconvolution, and noise-reduction filtering. Seismic migration was crucial for detecting and mitigating complex fault-related diffraction patterns, which produced an apparent 'folding' of reflectors on unmigrated sections. Detected individual offsets of shallow reflectors range from 5 to 10 m for the top of Paleozoic bedrock and younger strata. The migrated sections generally indicate vertical to steeply dipping normal and reverse faults, which in places outline small horsts and/or grabens. Tilting or folding of stratal reflectors associated with faulting is also locally observed. At one site, the observed faulting is superimposed over a prominent antiformal structure, which may itself be a product of the Quaternary deformation that produced the steep normal and reverse faults. Our results suggest that faulting of the Paleozoic bedrock and younger sediments of the northern Mississippi embayment is more pervasive and less localized than previously thought.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120000039","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"McBride, J., and Nelson, W., 2001, Seismic reflection images of shallow faulting, northernmost Mississippi embayment, north of the New Madrid seismic zone: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 91, no. 1, p. 128-129, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000039.","startPage":"128","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207455,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000039"},{"id":232418,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b42e4b08c986b3176e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McBride, J.H.","contributorId":99712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, W.J.","contributorId":17762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023629,"text":"70023629 - 2001 - Transient storage assessments of dye-tracer injections in rivers of the Willamette Basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T10:45:03","indexId":"70023629","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transient storage assessments of dye-tracer injections in rivers of the Willamette Basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"Rhodamine WT dye-tracer injections in rivers of the Willamette Basin yield concentration-time curves with characteristically long recession times suggestive of active transient storage processes. The scale of drainage areas contributing to the stream reaches studied in the Willamette Basin ranges from 10 to 12,000 km2. A transient storage assessment of the tracer studies has been completed using the U.S. Geological Survey's One-dimensional Transport with Inflow and Storage (OTIS) model, which incorporates storage exchange and decay functions along with the traditional dispersion and advection transport equation. The analysis estimates solute transport of the dye. It identifies first-order decay coefficients to be on the order of 10-5/sec for the nonconservative Rhodamine WT. On an individual subreach basis, the first-order decay is slower (typically by an order of magnitude) than the transient storage process, indicating that nonconservative tracers may be used to evaluate transient storage in rivers. In the transient storage analysis, a dimensionless parameter (As/A) expresses the spatial extent of storage zone area relative to stream cross section. In certain reaches of Willamette Basin pool-and-riffle, gravel-bed rivers, this parameter was as large as 0.5. A measure of the storage exchange flux was calculated for each stream subreach in the simulation analysis. This storage exchange is shown subjectively to be higher at higher stream discharges. Hyporheic linkage between streams and subsurface flows is the probable physical mechanism contributing to a significant part of this inferred active transient storage. Hyporheic linkages are further suggested by detailed measurements of river discharge with an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler system delineating zones in two large rivers where water alternately enters and leaves the surface channels through graveland-cobble riverbeds. Measurements show patterns of hyporheic exchange that are highly variable in time and space.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb00975.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Laenen, A., and Bencala, K., 2001, Transient storage assessments of dye-tracer injections in rivers of the Willamette Basin, Oregon: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 37, no. 2, p. 367-377, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb00975.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"377","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette Basin","volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb704e4b08c986b326ff0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laenen, A.","contributorId":92827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laenen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bencala, K.E.","contributorId":105312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023618,"text":"70023618 - 2001 - Orogenic gold and geologic time: A global synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023618","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2954,"text":"Ore Geology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Orogenic gold and geologic time: A global synthesis","docAbstract":"Orogenic gold deposits have formed over more than 3 billion years of Earth's history, episodically during the Middle Archean to younger Precambrian, and continuously throughout the Phanerozoic. This class of gold deposit is characteristically associated with deformed and metamorphosed mid-crustal blocks, particularly in spatial association with major crustal structures. A consistent spatial and temporal association with granitoids of a variety of compositions indicates that melts and fluids were both inherent products of thermal events during orogenesis. Including placer accumulations, which are commonly intimately associated with this mineral deposit type, recognized production and resources from economic Phanerozoic orogenic-gold deposits are estimated at just over one billion ounces gold. Exclusive of the still-controversial Witwatersrand ores, known Precambrian gold concentrations are about half this amount. The recent increased applicability of global paleo-reconstructions, coupled with improved geochronology from most of the world's major gold camps, allows for an improved understanding of the distribution pattern of orogenic gold in space and time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ore Geology Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-1368(01)00016-6","issn":"01691368","usgsCitation":"Goldfarb, R., Groves, D., and Gardoll, S., 2001, Orogenic gold and geologic time: A global synthesis: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 18, no. 1-2, p. 1-75, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(01)00016-6.","startPage":"1","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"75","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207501,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(01)00016-6"},{"id":232498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7124e4b0c8380cd7649d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Groves, D.I.","contributorId":73616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groves","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardoll, S.","contributorId":94820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardoll","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023614,"text":"70023614 - 2001 - The geology of a part of Acadia and the nature of the Acadian orogeny across Central and Eastern Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-23T15:53:02.543932","indexId":"70023614","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geology of a part of Acadia and the nature of the Acadian orogeny across Central and Eastern Maine","docAbstract":"The zone of Acadian collision between the Medial New England and Composite Avalon terranes is well preserved in Maine. A transect from northwest (Rome) to southeast (Camden) crosses the eastern part of Medial New England comprising the Central Maine basin, Liberty-Orrington thrust sheet, and Fredericton trough, and the western part of Composite Avalon, including the Graham Lake, Clarry Hill, and Clam Cove thrust sheets. U-Pb geochronology of events before, during, and after the Acadian orogeny helps elucidate the nature and distribution of tectonostratigraphic belts in this zone and the timing of some Acadian events in the Northern Appalachians.
The Central Maine basin consists of sedimentary and volcanic rocks of Middle Ordovician (∼470 to ∼460 Ma) age overlain with probable conformity by latest Ordovician(?) through earliest Devonian marine rift and flysch sedimentary rocks; these are intruded by weakly to undeformed plutonic rocks of Early and Middle Devonian age (∼399–378 Ma). The Fredericton trough consists of Early Silurian gray pelite and sandstone to earliest Late Silurian calcareous turbidite, deformed and variably metamorphosed prior to the emplacement of Late Silurian (∼422 Ma) and Early to Late Devonian (∼418 to ∼368 Ma) plutons. The Liberty-Orrington thrust sheet consists of Cambrian(?)-Ordovician (>∼474 to ∼469 Ma and younger) clastic sedimentary and volcanic rocks intruded by highly deformed Late Silurian (∼424 to ∼422 Ma) and Devonian (∼418 to ∼389 Ma) plutons, possibly metamorphosed in Late Silurian time (prior to ∼417 Ma), and metamorphosed to amphibolite facies in Early to Middle Devonian time (∼400 to ∼381 Ma). The Graham Lake thrust sheet contains possible Precambrian rocks, Cambrian sedimentary rocks with a volcanic unit dated at ∼503 Ma, and Ordovician rocks with possible Caradocian Old World fossils, metamorphosed and deformed in Silurian time and intruded by mildly to undeformed Late Silurian (∼421 Ma) and Late Devonian (∼371 to ∼368 Ma) plutons. The Clarry Hill thrust sheet consists of poorly studied, highly metamorphosed Cambrian (?) rocks. The Clam Cove thrust sheet contains highly deformed Precambrian limestone, shale, sandstone, and conglomerate, metamorphosed to epidote amphibolite facies and intruded by a mildly deformed pluton dated at ∼421 Ma.
Metamorphism, deformation, and voluminous intrusive igneous activity of Silurian age are common to both the most southeastern parts of Medial New England and the thrust sheets of Composite Avalon. In contrast to Medial New England, the thrust sheets of Composite Avalon show only modest effects of Devonian deformation and metamorphism. Regional stratigraphic relations, paleontologic findings, and U-Pb geochronology suggest that the Graham Lake, Clarry Hill, and Clam Cove thrust sheets are far-traveled allochthons that were widely separated from Medial New England in the Silurian.
One hundred nine (109) new U-Pb analyses of zircon, monazite, and sphene from 25 samples of metamorphosed, stratified, and intrusive igneous rocks are used to decipher the history of events along the transect.
In our view, many of the structures within Medial New England were formed during the closing of the back-arc ocean during the waning stages of the Taconian orogeny. These features include the precursors to the upright folds found in Silurian sedimentary rocks, the west-facing Liberty-Orrington thrust sheet, and the Silurian plutons of Medial New England.
Acadian tectonic features, including flysch sedimentation, igneous activity, deformation with nappe emplacement, and metamorphism record the progressive loading of Medial New England by a stack of thrust nappes emplaced in latest Silurian to Middle Devonian time.
The Acadian orogeny is a prolonged event, lasting from earliest Late Silurian to the Late Devonian, whose evolution involved: (1) convergence between Medial New England and Composite Avalon along an east-dipping subduction zone from earliest Late Silurian to Early Devonian time; (2) collision and concurrent delamination of lithospheric mantle beneath Medial New England in Early Devonian time resulting in deformation, high-grade metamorphism, and intrusive igneous activity in the most eastern part of Medial New England and the western parts of Composite Avalon; (3) Early to Middle Devonian northwest-migrating penetrative deformations of the Acadian Main stage, including northwest-directed thrusting and recumbent folding followed by tightening of folds possibly produced in the waning stages of the Taconian orogeny and forming folded wave trains of isoclinal folds (∼419 to ∼404 Ma), (4) asymmetrical folds produced by east-west shortening (∼399 to ∼380 Ma); and (5) final westward emplacement of Composite Avalon thrust sheets onto Medial New England in Late Devonian time (∼380 to ∼371 Ma). The present boundary between rocks of Medial New England and Composite Avalon at the surface is the Sennebec Pond fault, a high-angle fault that cuts the Graham Lake and Clarry Hill thrusts, and is intruded by the Mt. Waldo pluton (∼371), one of several Late Devonian plutons (∼371 to ∼367 Ma) that mark the end of the Acadian orogeny in coastal Maine. The thrust sheets of Composite Avalon carried rocks of peri-Gondwanan affinity and with possible Old World fauna many kilometers to the west over Medial New England, thus potentially hiding the original suture at depth under the Gulf of Maine.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.301.3.205","usgsCitation":"Tucker, R.D., Osberg, P., and Berry, H.N., 2001, The geology of a part of Acadia and the nature of the Acadian orogeny across Central and Eastern Maine: American Journal of Science, v. 301, no. 3, p. 205-260, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.301.3.205.","productDescription":"56 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"56","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -69.884033203125,\n 43.683763524273346\n ],\n [\n -66.939697265625,\n 44.824708282300236\n ],\n [\n -67.774658203125,\n 45.97406038956237\n ],\n [\n -67.91748046874999,\n 47.1075227853425\n ],\n [\n -69.10400390625,\n 46.58906908309182\n ],\n [\n -70.433349609375,\n 44.39454219215587\n ],\n [\n -70.99365234375,\n 44.07969327425713\n ],\n [\n -70.90576171875,\n 43.197167282501276\n ],\n [\n -70.697021484375,\n 43.1090040242731\n ],\n [\n -69.884033203125,\n 43.683763524273346\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"301","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac6fe4b08c986b3234c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tucker, R. D.","contributorId":43409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osberg, P. H.","contributorId":70041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osberg","given":"P. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berry, H. N. IV","contributorId":99326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"H.","suffix":"IV","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023612,"text":"70023612 - 2001 - High-resolution aeromagnetic data, a new tool for mapping intrabasinal faults: Example from the Albuquerque basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-14T17:41:23.646119","indexId":"70023612","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution aeromagnetic data, a new tool for mapping intrabasinal faults: Example from the Albuquerque basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"High-resolution aeromagnetic surveys flown over the Albuquerque basin, New Mexico, demonstrate that aeromagnetic methods can successfully map concealed and poorly exposed faults in sediment-filled basins. This is the first known use of aeromagnetic data as an aid to surficial mapping and hydrogeologic studies in a basin. Aeromagnetic maps show detailed fault patterns within the basin fill that revise the structural view of the basin. Concealed faults are more numerous and more closely spaced than expected. The Hubbell Springs fault is the central splay of three generally north-striking fault splays that can be traced for nearly 50 km. The splays converge on the north and may represent the southern extension of the Tijeras fault, contradicting the proposed southwest extension of the Tijeras fault across the basin. In profile view, the linear aeromagnetic anomalies associated with faults show a variety of signatures. One signature has potential for mapping fault-controlled sedimentation in the subsurface because it identifies increases in magnetic, likely coarse-grained, material in the hanging walls of faults.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0367:HRADAN>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Grauch, V.J., 2001, High-resolution aeromagnetic data, a new tool for mapping intrabasinal faults: Example from the Albuquerque basin, New Mexico: Geology, v. 29, no. 4, p. 367-370, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0367:HRADAN>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"370","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Albuquerque Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.91070556640625,\n 34.24813554589752\n ],\n [\n -106.77337646484375,\n 34.20271636159618\n ],\n [\n -106.61407470703125,\n 34.28218385709024\n ],\n [\n -106.5289306640625,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -106.38885498046875,\n 34.73935551813357\n ],\n [\n -106.3861083984375,\n 35.05248370662468\n ],\n [\n -106.23779296875,\n 35.16258214808429\n ],\n [\n -105.985107421875,\n 35.30840140169162\n ],\n [\n -105.809326171875,\n 35.59031875398378\n ],\n [\n -105.90545654296875,\n 35.737595151747826\n ],\n [\n -105.82855224609375,\n 35.980228800645676\n ],\n [\n -105.699462890625,\n 36.01356058518153\n ],\n [\n -105.6390380859375,\n 36.12012758978146\n ],\n [\n -105.83404541015625,\n 36.217687122250574\n ],\n [\n -106.04827880859375,\n 36.363798554158635\n ],\n [\n -106.2762451171875,\n 36.27527883184338\n ],\n [\n -106.28997802734375,\n 36.17779108329074\n ],\n [\n -106.25976562499999,\n 36.055760619006755\n ],\n [\n -106.3037109375,\n 35.9357645138553\n ],\n [\n -106.380615234375,\n 35.862343734896484\n ],\n [\n -106.34765625,\n 35.74428307651204\n ],\n [\n -106.49322509765624,\n 35.7286770448517\n ],\n [\n -106.66900634765625,\n 35.67514743608467\n ],\n [\n -106.85302734374999,\n 35.572448615622804\n ],\n [\n -107.02056884765625,\n 35.39352808136067\n ],\n [\n -107.09747314453125,\n 35.47185482057798\n ],\n [\n -107.26226806640625,\n 35.40248356426937\n ],\n [\n -107.259521484375,\n 35.270289376094404\n ],\n [\n -107.42706298828125,\n 35.238889532322595\n ],\n [\n -107.50396728515625,\n 35.08395557927643\n ],\n [\n -107.58636474609375,\n 34.94673942495388\n ],\n [\n -107.5506591796875,\n 34.70775131553933\n ],\n [\n -107.54791259765625,\n 34.474863669009004\n ],\n [\n -107.29248046875,\n 34.43409789359469\n ],\n [\n -107.11944580078125,\n 34.36611072883117\n ],\n [\n -106.91070556640625,\n 34.24813554589752\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30fbe4b0c8380cd5db25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":34125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023611,"text":"70023611 - 2001 - An analytical solution for transient flow of Bingham viscoplastic materials in rock fractures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023611","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2070,"text":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An analytical solution for transient flow of Bingham viscoplastic materials in rock fractures","docAbstract":"We present below an analytical solution to model the one-dimensional transient flow of a Bingham viscoplastic material in a fracture with parallel walls (smooth or rough) that is subjected to an applied pressure gradient. The solution models the acceleration and the deceleration of the material as the pressure gradient changes with time. Two cases are considered: A pressure gradient applied over a finite time interval and an applied pressure gradient that is constant over time. The solution is expressed in dimensionless form and can therefore be used for a wide range of Bingham viscoplastic materials. The solution is also capable of capturing the transition that takes place in a fracture between viscoplastic flow and rigid plug flow. Also, it shows the development of a rigid central layer in fractures, the extent of which depends on the fluid properties (viscosity and yield stress), the magnitude of the pressure gradient, and the fracture aperture and surface roughness. Finally, it is shown that when a pressure gradient is applied and kept constant, the solution for the fracture flow rate converges over time to a steady-state solution that can be defined as a modified cubic law. In this case, the fracture transmissivity is found to be a non-linear function of the head gradient. This solution provides a tool for a better understanding of the flow of Bingham materials in rock fractures, interfaces, and cracks. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S1365-1609(00)00080-0","issn":"13651609","usgsCitation":"Amadei, B., and Savage, W.Z., 2001, An analytical solution for transient flow of Bingham viscoplastic materials in rock fractures: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, v. 38, no. 2, p. 285-296, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(00)00080-0.","startPage":"285","endPage":"296","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207433,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(00)00080-0"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9f9e4b0c8380cd4857c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amadei, B.","contributorId":86902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amadei","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, W. Z.","contributorId":106481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023600,"text":"70023600 - 2001 - Pathology of brucellosis in bison from Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T17:50:33.041728","indexId":"70023600","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathology of brucellosis in bison from Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"Between February 1995 and June 1999, specimens from seven aborted bison (Bison bison) fetuses or stillborn calves and their placentas, two additional placentas, three dead neonates, one 2-wk-old calf, and 35 juvenile and adult female bison from Yellowstone National Park (USA) were submitted for bacteriologic and histopathologic examination. One adult animal with a retained placenta had recently aborted. Serum samples from the 35 juvenile and adult bison were tested for Brucella spp. antibodies. Twenty-six bison, including the cow with the retained placenta, were seropositive, one was suspect, and eight were seronegative. Brucella abortus biovar 1 was isolated from three aborted fetuses and associated placentas, an additional placenta, the 2-wk-old calf, and 11 of the seropositive female bison including the animal that had recently aborted. Brucella abortus biovar 2 was isolated from one additional seropositive adult female bison. Brucella abortus was recovered from numerous tissue sites from the aborted fetuses, placentas and 2-wk-old calf. In the juvenile and adult bison, the organism was more frequently isolated from supramammary (83%), retropharyngeal (67%), and iliac (58%) lymph nodes than from other tissues cultured. Cultures from the seronegative and suspect bison were negative for B. abortus. Lesions in the B. abortus-infected, aborted placentas and fetuses consisted of necropurulent placentitis and mild bronchointerstitial pneumonia. The infected 2-wk-old calf had bronchointerstitial pneumonia, focal splenic infarction, and purulent nephritis. The recently-aborting bison cow had purulent endometritis and necropurulent placentitis. Immunohistochemical staining of tissues from the culture-positive aborted fetuses, placentas, 2-wk-old calf, and recently-aborting cow disclosed large numbers of B. abortus in placental trophoblasts and exudate, and fetal and calf lung. A similar study with the same tissue collection and culture protocol was done using six seropositive cattle from a B. abortus-infected herd in July and August, 1997. Results of the bison and cattle studies were similar.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-37.1.101","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Rhyan, J.C., Gidlewski, T., Roffe, T., Aune, K., Philo, L., and Ewalt, D., 2001, Pathology of brucellosis in bison from Yellowstone National Park: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 37, no. 1, p. 101-109, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-37.1.101.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"109","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488049,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.7589/0090-3558-37.1.101","text":"External Repository"},{"id":232180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.170654296875,\n 44.036269809534616\n ],\n [\n -111.170654296875,\n 45.034714778688624\n ],\n [\n -109.632568359375,\n 45.034714778688624\n ],\n [\n -109.632568359375,\n 44.036269809534616\n ],\n [\n -111.170654296875,\n 44.036269809534616\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75a7e4b0c8380cd77c7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rhyan, Jack C.","contributorId":11185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhyan","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gidlewski, T.","contributorId":53550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gidlewski","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roffe, T.J.","contributorId":22279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roffe","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aune, K.","contributorId":64419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aune","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Philo, L.M.","contributorId":95642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Philo","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ewalt, D.R.","contributorId":23297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewalt","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}