{"pageNumber":"2950","pageRowStart":"73725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184605,"records":[{"id":70006435,"text":"70006435 - 2002 - Threats to desert tortoise populations: a critical review of the literature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-01T11:47:46","indexId":"70006435","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-09T11:30:24","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Threats to desert tortoise populations: a critical review of the literature","docAbstract":"<p>Decision in resource management are generally based on a combination of sociopolitical, economic, and environmental factors, and may be biased by personal values.  These three components often contradict each other resulting in controversy.  Controversies can usually be reduced when solid scientific evidence is used to support or refute a decision.  However, it is important to recognize that data often do little to alter antagonists' positions when differences in values are the bases if the dispute.  But, supporting data can make the decision more defensible, both legally and ethically, especially if the data supporting all opposing viewpoints are included in the decision-making process.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Resource management decisions must be made using the best scientific information currently available.  However, scientific data vary in two important measures of quality: reliability and validity.  The reliability of the data is a measure of the degree to which the observations or conclusion can be repeated.  Validity of the data is a measure of the degree to which the observation or conclusion reflects what actually occurs in nature.  How the data are collected strongly affects the reliability of validity of ecological conclusions that can be made.  Research data potentially relevant to management come from different sources, and the source often provides clues to the reliability and, to a certain extent, validity of data.  Understanding the quality of data being used to make management decisions helps to separate the philosophical or value-based aspects of arguments from the objective ones, thus helping to clarify the decisions and judgments that need to be made.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The West Mojave Plan is a multispecies, bioregional plan for the management of natural resources within a 9.4 million-acre area of the Mojave Desert in California.  The plan addresses the legal requirements for the recovery of the desert tortoise (<i>Gopherus agazzizii</i>), a threatened species, but also covers an additional approximately 80 species of plants and animals assigned special status by the Bureau of Land Management, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and California Department of Fish and Game.  Within the planning area, 28 separate jurisdictions (counties, cities, towns, military installations, etc.) seek programmatic prescriptions that will facilitate streamlined environmental review, result in expedited authorization for development projects, and protect listed and unlisted species into the foreseeable future to avoid or minimize conflicts between proposed development and species' conservation and recovery.  All of the scientific data available concerning the biology and management of these approximately 80 species and their habitats must be evaluated to develop a scientifically credible plan.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This document provides an overview and evaluation of the knowledge of the major threats to the persistence and recovery of desert tortoise populations.  I was specifically asked to evaluate the scientific veracity of the data and reports available.  I summarize the data presently available with particular focus on the West Mojave Desert, evaluate the scientific integrity of the data. and identify major gaps in the available knowledge.  I do not attempt to provide in-depth details on each study or threat; for more details I encourage the reader to consult the individual papers or reports city throughout this report (many of which are available at most university libraries and at the West Mojave Plan office in Riverside, California).  I also do not attempt to characterize or evaluate the past or present management actions, except where they have direct bearing on evaluation of threats, nor do I attempt, for the most part, to acquire, generate, or evaluate new or existing, but uninterpreted data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center","publisherLocation":"Sacramento, CA","usgsCitation":"Boarman, W.I., 2002, Threats to desert tortoise populations: a critical review of the literature, v, 86 p.","productDescription":"v, 86 p.","numberOfPages":"91","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289306,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"West Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.9789,34.1607 ], [ -117.9789,35.7233 ], [ -115.5164,35.7233 ], [ -115.5164,34.1607 ], [ -117.9789,34.1607 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b3d874e4b07c5f79a7f36e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boarman, William I.","contributorId":51683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boarman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70209546,"text":"70209546 - 2002 - Reply to Discussion on \"Mississippi Valley-type lead–zinc deposits through geological time: implications from recent age-dating research\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-13T16:04:18.523723","indexId":"70209546","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-02T10:58:44","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reply to Discussion on \"Mississippi Valley-type lead–zinc deposits through geological time: implications from recent age-dating research\"","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00126-002-0292-5","usgsCitation":"Leach, D.L., Bradley, D., Lewchuk, M.T., Symons, D.T., Premo, W.R., Brannon, J., and De Marsily, G., 2002, Reply to Discussion on \"Mississippi Valley-type lead–zinc deposits through geological time: implications from recent age-dating research\": Mineralium Deposita, v. 37, p. 803-805, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-002-0292-5.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"803","endPage":"805","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373912,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leach, David L.","contributorId":83902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewchuk, Michael T.","contributorId":74890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewchuk","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Symons, David T.","contributorId":223983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Symons","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Premo, Wayne R. 0000-0001-9904-4801 wpremo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":1697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"Wayne","email":"wpremo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":786755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brannon, Joyce","contributorId":223984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brannon","given":"Joyce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"De Marsily, G.","contributorId":8262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Marsily","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70231697,"text":"70231697 - 2002 - The contribution of C3 and C4 grasses to interannual variability in time-integrated NDVI over the U.S. Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-23T14:18:42.363199","indexId":"70231697","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T09:13:50","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"displayTitle":"The contribution of C<sub>3</sub> and C<sub>4</sub> grasses to interannual variability in time-integrated NDVI over the U.S. Great Plains","title":"The contribution of C3 and C4 grasses to interannual variability in time-integrated NDVI over the U.S. Great Plains","docAbstract":"<p><span>Time integrated normalized difference vegetation index (ΣNDVI) derived from NOAA AVHRR multitemporal imagery over a 10-yr period (1989-1998) was used as a surrogate for primary production to investigate the impact of interannual climate variability on grassland performance for central and northern U.S. Great Plains. First, the contribution of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"roman\">C</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><span class=\"roman\">C</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;species abundances to the major grassland ecosystems of the U.S. Great Plains is described. Next, the relation between mean ΣNDVI and the ΣNDVI coefficient of variation (CV ΣNDVI) used as a proxi for interannual climate variability is analyzed. Results suggest that the differences in the long-term climatic control over ecosystem performance approximately coincide with changes between&nbsp;</span><span class=\"roman\">C</span><sub>3</sub><span>- and&nbsp;</span><span class=\"roman\">C</span><sub>4</sub><span>-dominant grassland classes. Variation in remotely sensed net primary production over time is higher for the southern and western plains grasslands (primarily C4 grasslands), whereas the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"roman\">C</span><sub>3</sub><span>-dominated classes in the northern and eastern portion of the U.S. Great Plains generally show lower CV ΣNDVI values.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analysis of multi-temporal remote sensing images: Proceedings of the first international workshop on multitemp 2001","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"First International Workshop on Multitemp 2001","conferenceDate":"Sep 13-14, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Trento, Italy","language":"English","publisher":"World Scientific","doi":"10.1142/9789812777249_0043","usgsCitation":"Ricotta, C., Reed, B.C., and Tieszen, L.L., 2002, The contribution of C3 and C4 grasses to interannual variability in time-integrated NDVI over the U.S. Great Plains, <i>in</i> Analysis of multi-temporal remote sensing images: Proceedings of the first international workshop on multitemp 2001, Trento, Italy, Sep 13-14, 2002, p. 379-386, https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812777249_0043.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"379","endPage":"386","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400883,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"central and northern Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.599609375,\n              38.788345355085625\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.0537109375,\n              38.788345355085625\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.0537109375,\n              48.69096039092549\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.599609375,\n              48.69096039092549\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.599609375,\n              38.788345355085625\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ricotta, C.","contributorId":31162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ricotta","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":843460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Bradley C. 0000-0002-1132-7178 reed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":2901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Bradley","email":"reed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tieszen, Larry L. tieszen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"Larry","email":"tieszen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":843462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":69378,"text":"i2764 - 2002 - Stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous Mancos Shale (upper part) and Mesaverde Group in the southern part of the Uinta and Piceance basins, Utah and Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T15:01:39","indexId":"i2764","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2764","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous Mancos Shale (upper part) and Mesaverde Group in the southern part of the Uinta and Piceance basins, Utah and Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>Cross section A–A' was constructed in support of the oil and gas assessments of the Mesaverde and Mancos/Mowry Total Petroleum Systems in the Uinta and Piceance Basins of Utah and Colorado (fig. 1) (U.S. Geological Survey Uinta-Piceance Province Assessment Team, in press). This citation is referred to henceforth as simply “USGS, in press.” The Mesaverde Total Petroleum System contains continuous gas derived primarily from carbonaceous shale and coal in the Mesaverde Group [chapter by Johnson and Roberts in USGS (in press)]. The Mancos/Mowry Total Petroleum System contains continuous gas derived primarily from marine source rocks in the Mancos and Mowry Shales [chapter by Kirschbaum in USGS (in press)]. Cross section A–A' illustrates the stratigraphy of these Upper Cretaceous rocks, emphasizing the fluvial, coal-bearing coastal plain, nearshore marine, and offshore marine strata. The cross section is presented as a hard copy in this report and as a chapter by Hettinger and Kirschbaum (USGS, in press). </p>","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/i2764","usgsCitation":"Hettinger, R.D., and Kirschbaum, M., 2002, Stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous Mancos Shale (upper part) and Mesaverde Group in the southern part of the Uinta and Piceance basins, Utah and Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2764, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2764.","productDescription":"21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":91709,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2764/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91710,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2764/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91711,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2764/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":6327,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2764/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110296,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51620.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"51620"},{"id":188014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2764/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112,38.5 ], [ -112,40.5 ], [ -107,40.5 ], [ -107,38.5 ], [ -112,38.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5fb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hettinger, R. D.","contributorId":92283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hettinger","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirschbaum, M.A.","contributorId":79471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirschbaum","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":32974,"text":"ofr02227 - 2002 - Multielement geochemical dataset of surficial materials for the northern Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T15:33:16.749216","indexId":"ofr02227","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-227","title":"Multielement geochemical dataset of surficial materials for the northern Great Basin","docAbstract":"This report presents geochemical data generated during mineral and environmental assessments for the Bureau of Land Management in northern Nevada, northeastern California, southeastern Oregon, and southwestern Idaho, along with metadata and map representations of selected elements. The dataset presented here is a compilation of chemical analyses of over 10,200 stream-sediment and soil samples originally collected during the National Uranium Resource Evaluation's (NURE) Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance (HSSR) program of the Department of Energy and its predecessors and reanalyzed to support a series of mineral-resource assessments by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The dataset also includes the analyses of additional samples collected by the USGS in 1992.\n\nThe sample sites are in southeastern Oregon, southwestern Idaho, northeastern California, and, primarily, in northern Nevada. These samples were collected from 1977 to 1983, before the development of most of the present-day large-scale mining infrastructure in northern Nevada. As such, these data may serve as an important baseline for current and future geoenvironmental studies. Largely because of the very diverse analytical methods used by the NURE HSSR program, the original NURE analyses in this area yielded little useful geochemical information. The Humboldt, Malheur-Jordan-Andrews, and Winnemucca-Surprise studies were designed to provide useful geochemical data via improved analytical methods (lower detection levels and higher precision) and, in the Malheur-Jordan-Andrews and Winnemucca Surprise areas, to collect additional stream-sediment samples to increase sampling coverage.\n\nThe data are provided in *.xls (Microsoft Excel) and *.csv (comma-separated-value) format. We also present graphically 35 elements, interpolated (\"gridded\") in a geographic information system (GIS) and overlain by major geologic trends, so that users may view the variation in elemental concentrations over the landscape and reach their own conclusions regarding correlation among geochemistry, geologic features, and known mineral deposits. Quality-control issues are discussed for the grids and data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02227","usgsCitation":"Coombs, M.J., Kotlyar, B.B., Ludington, S., Folger, H.W., and Mossotti, V.G., 2002, Multielement geochemical dataset of surficial materials for the northern Great Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-227, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02227.","productDescription":"HTML Document","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":164183,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02227.jpg"},{"id":3136,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0227/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283649,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0227/intro.html","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California; Nevada; Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.9872,38.9850 ], [ -119.9872,43.0287 ], [ -115.9991,43.0287 ], [ -115.9991,38.9850 ], [ -119.9872,38.9850 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698b61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coombs, Mary Jane","contributorId":74780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Jane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kotlyar, Boris B.","contributorId":35376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotlyar","given":"Boris","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludington, Steve","contributorId":106848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Folger, Helen W. 0000-0003-1376-5996 hfolger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1376-5996","contributorId":3219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folger","given":"Helen","email":"hfolger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mossotti, Victor G. mossotti@usgs.gov","contributorId":3494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mossotti","given":"Victor","email":"mossotti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":209591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":32973,"text":"ofr2002222 - 2002 - Positional Accuracy of Airborne Integrated Global Positioning and Inertial Navigation Systems for Mapping in Glen Canyon, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-15T17:28:14","indexId":"ofr2002222","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-222","title":"Positional Accuracy of Airborne Integrated Global Positioning and Inertial Navigation Systems for Mapping in Glen Canyon, Arizona","docAbstract":"High-resolution airborne and satellite image sensor systems integrated with onboard data collection based on the Global Positioning System (GPS) and inertial navigation systems (INS) may offer a quick and cost-effective way to gather accurate topographic map information without ground control or aerial triangulation. The Applanix Corporation?s Position and Orientation Solutions for Direct Georeferencing of aerial photography was used in this project to examine the positional accuracy of integrated GPS/INS for terrain mapping in Glen Canyon, Arizona. The research application in this study yielded important information on the usefulness and limits of airborne integrated GPS/INS data-capture systems for mapping.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr2002222","usgsCitation":"Sanchez, R.D., and Hothem, L.D., 2002, Positional Accuracy of Airborne Integrated Global Positioning and Inertial Navigation Systems for Mapping in Glen Canyon, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-222, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2002222.","productDescription":"14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3135,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0222/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":164182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0222/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683c01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanchez, Richard D.","contributorId":66296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hothem, Larry D.","contributorId":51347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":32995,"text":"ofr2001319 - 2002 - Stratigraphy of the Proterozoic Revett Formation, Coeur d'Alene District, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:09","indexId":"ofr2001319","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-319","title":"Stratigraphy of the Proterozoic Revett Formation, Coeur d'Alene District, Idaho","docAbstract":"The Proterozoic Revett Formation of the Belt Supergroup contains three informal members that can be identified throughout the Coeur d'Alene mining district of northern Idaho. The lower Revett Formation is dominated by quartzite, but also contains intervals of siltite. The middle Revett consists predominantly of siltite, though quartzite and argillite locally form significant intervals. The upper Revett consists of intervals of quartzite that alternate with intervals of siltite and/or thin-bedded argillite. These units show dramatic changes in thickness and sedimentary facies within the Coeur d'Alene mining district; changes that are more abrupt and extreme than seen elsewhere in the Belt basin. The regionally significant Osburn fault bisects the district, with 20 to 30 km of post-mineralization right-lateral strike-slip offset. South of this fault, the upper Revett is 640 m thick at the Bunker Hill mine in the west, 450 to 500 m thick in the centrally located Silver Belt, and over 550 m thick at the Reindeer Queen deposit to the east. North of the Osburn fault, the upper Revett is approximately 120 m thick in the vicinity of the Lucky Friday mine, but abruptly thins to 45 to 90 m to the north and northeast, in the southern end of the western Montana copper sulfide belt. The middle Revett Formation south of the Osburn fault appears to be 400 to 450 m thick. North of the Osburn Fault, the middle Revett thins to approximately 120 m in the Lucky Friday area, and to approximately 60 m at Military Gulch. The lower Revett Formation is approximately 1650 m thick south of the Osburn fault, but thins to 400 to 450 m thick to the north of the Osburn fault. Observed thickness changes support previous hypotheses that the current Osburn fault coincides with a Proterozoic synsedimentary fault that controlled sedimentation in this region.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr2001319","usgsCitation":"Mauk, J.L., 2002, Stratigraphy of the Proterozoic Revett Formation, Coeur d'Alene District, Idaho (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-319, Report: 36 p.; 4 Appendixes; 60 Plates; Available on CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2001319.","productDescription":"Report: 36 p.; 4 Appendixes; 60 Plates; Available on CD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11436,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-319/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.3,47.35 ], [ -116.3,47.56666666666667 ], [ -115.5,47.56666666666667 ], [ -115.5,47.35 ], [ -116.3,47.35 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8508","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mauk, Jeffrey L. 0000-0002-6244-2774 jmauk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-2774","contributorId":4101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mauk","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jmauk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":32961,"text":"fs00802 - 2002 - Undiscovered oil and gas resources of Lower Silurian Qusaiba-Paleozoic total petroleum systems, Arabian Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-23T14:41:17","indexId":"fs00802","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"008-02","title":"Undiscovered oil and gas resources of Lower Silurian Qusaiba-Paleozoic total petroleum systems, Arabian Peninsula","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) recently completed an assessment of the undiscovered conventional oil and gas potential of 128 of the world’s petroleum provinces (U.S. Geological Survey World Energy Assessment Team, 2000). In each province, the USGS defined Total Petroleum Systems, and Assessment Units in each Total Petroleum System, and then quantitatively estimated the undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources. Of the eight global regions studied by the USGS, the Arabian Peninsula portion of the Middle East region was estimated to contain the greatest volumes of undiscovered oil and gas. The Lower Silurian Qusaiba Member of the Qalibah Formation is the source rock for some of the most important Total Petroleum Systems of the Middle East region. For example, the sources of the gas in the supergiant North field of Qatar and Iran and recent giant light oil discoveries in central Saudi Arabia were largely organic-rich, Qusaiba marine mudstones. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs00802","usgsCitation":"Ahlbrandt, T., Pollastro, R.M., and Schenk, C.J., 2002, Undiscovered oil and gas resources of Lower Silurian Qusaiba-Paleozoic total petroleum systems, Arabian Peninsula: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 008-02, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs00802.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0008/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":3125,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-0008-02/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":60865,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0008/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              32.255859375,\n              31.653381399664\n            ],\n            [\n              33.310546875,\n              27.410785702577023\n            ],\n            [\n              34.32128906249999,\n              27.449790329784214\n            ],\n            [\n              44.208984375,\n              11.910353555774101\n            ],\n            [\n              57.0849609375,\n              16.846605106396304\n            ],\n            [\n              61.74316406249999,\n              23.36242859340884\n            ],\n            [\n              56.3818359375,\n              27.566721430409707\n            ],\n            [\n              53.8330078125,\n              25.562265014427492\n            ],\n            [\n              50.8447265625,\n              27.527758206861886\n            ],\n            [\n              47.373046875,\n              35.67514743608467\n            ],\n            [\n              44.0771484375,\n              38.09998264736481\n            ],\n            [\n              35.947265625,\n              36.98500309285596\n            ],\n            [\n              32.255859375,\n              31.653381399664\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f6b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahlbrandt, Thomas S.","contributorId":58279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlbrandt","given":"Thomas S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollastro, R. M.","contributorId":6809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollastro","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":72344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":209536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":32990,"text":"wri024146 - 2002 - Concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the lower Puyallup and White Rivers, Washington, August and September 2000 and 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-04T20:05:27.753589","indexId":"wri024146","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4146","title":"Concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the lower Puyallup and White Rivers, Washington, August and September 2000 and 2001","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, Washington State Department of Ecology, and Puyallup Tribe of Indians conducted a study in August and September 2001 to assess factors affecting concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the lower Puyallup and White Rivers, Washington. The study was initiated because observed concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the lower Puyallup River fell to levels ranging from less than 1 milligram per liter (mg/L) to about 6 mg/L on several occasions in September 2000. The water quality standard for the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the Puyallup River is 8 mg/L.This study concluded that inundation of the sensors with sediment was the most likely cause of the low concentrations of dissolved oxygen observed in September 2000. The conclusion was based on (1) knowledge gained when a dissolved-oxygen sensor became covered with sediment in August 2001, (2) the fact that, with few exceptions, concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the lower Puyallup and White Rivers did not fall below 8 mg/L in August and September 2001, and (3) an analysis of other mechanisms affecting concentrations of dissolved oxygen.The analysis of other mechanisms indicated that they are unlikely to cause steep declines in concentrations of dissolved oxygen like those observed in September 2000. Five-day biochemical oxygen demand ranged from 0.22 to 1.78 mg/L (mean of 0.55 mg/L), and river water takes only about 24 hours to flow through the study reach. Photosynthesis and respiration cause concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the lower Puyallup River to fluctuate as much as about 1 mg/L over a 24-hour period in August and September. Release of water from Lake Tapps for the purpose of hydropower generation often lowered concentrations of dissolved oxygen downstream in the White River by about 1 mg/L. The effect was smaller farther downstream in the Puyallup River at river mile 5.8, but was still observable as a slight decrease in concentrations of dissolved oxygen caused by photosynthesis and respiration. The upper limit on oxygen demand caused by the scour of anoxic bed sediment and subsequent oxidation of reduced iron and manganese is less than 1 mg/L. The actual demand, if any, is probably negligible.In August and September 2001, concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the lower Puyallup River did not fall below the water-quality standard of 8 mg/L, except at high tide when the saline water from Commencement Bay reached the monitor at river mile 2.9. The minimum concentration of dissolved oxygen (7.6 mg/L) observed at river mile 2.9 coincided with the maximum value of specific conductance. Because the dissolved-oxygen standard for marine water is 6.0 mg/L, the standard was not violated at river mile 2.9. The concentration of dissolved oxygen at river mile 1.8 in the White River dropped below the water-quality standard on two occasions in August 2001. The minimum concentration of 7.8 mg/L occurred on August 23, and a concentration of 7.9 mg/L was recorded on August 13. Because there was some uncertainty in the monitoring record for those days, it cannot be stated with certainty that the actual concentration of dissolved oxygen in the river dropped below 8 mg/L. However, at other times when the quality of the monitoring record was good, concentrations as low as 8.2 mg/L were observed at river mile 1.8 in the White River.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024146","usgsCitation":"Ebbert, J., 2002, Concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the lower Puyallup and White Rivers, Washington, August and September 2000 and 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4146, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024146.","productDescription":"32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3157,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024146","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":163826,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":411371,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52075.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"lower Puyallup and White Rivers","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.28570242298701,\n              47.30215722635057\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.28570242298701,\n              47.17942660734468\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.169912692428,\n              47.17942660734468\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.169912692428,\n              47.30215722635057\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.28570242298701,\n              47.30215722635057\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698861","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebbert, J.C.","contributorId":57451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebbert","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":32931,"text":"fs04502 - 2002 - U.S. Geological Survey 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":32931,"text":"fs04502 - 2002 - U.S. Geological Survey 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA)","indexId":"fs04502","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA)"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":98833,"text":"fs20103102 - 2010 - 2010 updated assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA)","indexId":"fs20103102","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"2010 updated assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA)"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":98833,"text":"fs20103102 - 2010 - 2010 updated assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA)","indexId":"fs20103102","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"2010 updated assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA)"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:18","indexId":"fs04502","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"045-02","title":"U.S. Geological Survey 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA)","docAbstract":"A new USGS assessment concludes that NPRA holds signicantly greater petroleum resources than previously estimated. Technically recoverable, undiscovered oil beneath the Federal part of NPRA likely ranges between 5.9 and 13.2 billion barrels, with a mean (expected) value of 9.3 billion barrels. An estimated 1.3 to 5.6 billion barrels of those technically recoverable oil resources is economically recoverable at market prices of $22 to $30 per barrel. Technically recoverable, undiscovered nonassociated natural gas for the same area likely ranges between 39.1 and 83.2 trillion cubic feet, with a mean (expected) value of 59.7 trillion cubic feet. The economic viability of this gas will depend on the availability of a natural-gas pipeline for transport to market.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs04502","usgsCitation":"Bird, K.J., and Houseknecht, D., 2002, U.S. Geological Survey 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 045-02, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs04502.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3095,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/fs045-02/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":121946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_045_02.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613a18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bird, K. J.","contributorId":57824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bird","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houseknecht, D.W. 0000-0002-9633-6910","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":33695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":32992,"text":"ofr93695 - 2002 - Preliminary geologic map of the Redman Quadrangle, Los Angeles and Kern counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:19","indexId":"ofr93695","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-695","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Redman Quadrangle, Los Angeles and Kern counties, California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr93695","usgsCitation":"Ward, A.W., and Dixon, G.L., 2002, Preliminary geologic map of the Redman Quadrangle, Los Angeles and Kern counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-695, 1 map :photocopy ;58 x 48 cm., on sheet 75 x 56 cm., folded to 28 x 22 cm. +1 pamphlet (7 p. : map ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93695.","productDescription":"1 map :photocopy ;58 x 48 cm., on sheet 75 x 56 cm., folded to 28 x 22 cm. +1 pamphlet (7 p. : map ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110324,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51811.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"51811"},{"id":164393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0695/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60871,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0695/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":60872,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0695/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ad06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, A. W.","contributorId":8129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dixon, G. L.","contributorId":95468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":32988,"text":"wri20024117 - 2002 - Streamflow and erosion response to prolonged intense rainfall of November 1-2, 2000, Island of Hawaii, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-03T19:49:09.230508","indexId":"wri20024117","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4117","title":"Streamflow and erosion response to prolonged intense rainfall of November 1-2, 2000, Island of Hawaii, Hawaii","docAbstract":"A combination of several meteorologic and topographic factors produced extreme rainfall over the eastern part of the island of Hawaii on November 1-2, 2000. Storm rainfall was concentrated in two distinct areas, the Waiakea and Kapapala areas, where maximum rainfall totals of 32.47 and 38.97 inches were recorded. Resultant flooding caused damages in excess of 70 million dollars, among the highest totals associated with flooding in the State's history. Storm rainfall had recurrence intervals that ranged from 10 years or less for maximum 1-hour totals to 100 years or more for maximum 24-hour totals\r\n\r\nAs part of this study, peak flow and/or erosion data were collected at 41 sites. Analyses of these data indicated that peak discharges of record occurred at 6 of 12 sites where historic data were available. Peak flows with estimated recurrence intervals from 50 to over 100 years were recorded at 4 of 11 sites. Peak flows were poorly correlated with total storm rainfall. Critical rainfall durations associated with peak flows ranged from 1 to 12 hours and were about 3 hours at most sites. Rainfall-runoff computations and field observations indicated that infiltration-excess overland flow alone was not sufficient to have caused the observed flood peaks and therefore saturation-excess overland flow and subsurface flow probably contributed to peak flows at most sites\r\n\r\nMost hillslope erosion associated with the storm took place along or near the Kaoiki Pali in the Kapapala area. Hillslope erosion was predominately caused by overland flow.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20024117","usgsCitation":"Fontaine, R.A., and Hill, B.R., 2002, Streamflow and erosion response to prolonged intense rainfall of November 1-2, 2000, Island of Hawaii, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4117, iv, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20024117.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2000-11-01","temporalEnd":"2000-11-02","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2002_4117.jpg"},{"id":407813,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51962.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13777,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri02-4117/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.6667,\n              19.15\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.0111,\n              19.15\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.0111,\n              19.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.6667,\n              19.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.6667,\n              19.15\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4f85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fontaine, Richard A. rfontain@usgs.gov","contributorId":2379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fontaine","given":"Richard","email":"rfontain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":209620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, Barry R.","contributorId":57494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":32960,"text":"fs00402 - 2002 - Coal resources of selected coal beds and zones in the Northern and Central Appalachian Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:17","indexId":"fs00402","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"004-02","title":"Coal resources of selected coal beds and zones in the Northern and Central Appalachian Basin","docAbstract":"The Appalachian Basin is one of the most important coal-producing regions in the world. Bituminous coal has been mined in the basin for the last three centuries, and the cumulative production is estimated at 34.5 billion short tons. Annual production in 1998 was about 452 million short tons; the basin's production is mostly in the northern (32 percent) and central (63 percent) coal regions. The coal is used primarily within the Eastern United States for electric power generation, but some of it is suitable for metallurgical uses.  The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is completing a National Coal Resource Assessment of five coal-producing regions of the United States, including the Appalachian Basin. The USGS, in cooperation with the State geological surveys of Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia, has completed a digital coal resource assessment of five of the top-producing coal beds and coal zones in the northern and central Appalachian Basin coal regions -- the Pittsburgh coal bed, the Upper Freeport coal bed, the Fire Clay and Pond Creek coal zones, and the Pocahontas No. 3 coal bed. Of the 93 billion short tons of original coal in these units, about 66 billion short tons remain.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs00402","usgsCitation":"Ruppert, L.F., Tewalt, S., and Bragg, L., 2002, Coal resources of selected coal beds and zones in the Northern and Central Appalachian Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 004-02, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs00402.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3124,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs004-02/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_004_02.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aee39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruppert, Leslie F. 0000-0002-7453-1061","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-1061","contributorId":19606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tewalt, Susan","contributorId":19607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tewalt","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bragg, Linda","contributorId":63440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bragg","given":"Linda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":32998,"text":"wri024023 - 2002 - Ground-water resources of the uppermost confined aquifers, southern Wadena County and parts of Ottertail, Todd, and Cass Counties, central Minnesota, 1997–2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T22:22:31.098263","indexId":"wri024023","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4023","title":"Ground-water resources of the uppermost confined aquifers, southern Wadena County and parts of Ottertail, Todd, and Cass Counties, central Minnesota, 1997–2000","docAbstract":"<p>Water managers are concerned about the increase of ground-water withdrawals from high-capacity wells completed in the uppermost confined aquifers in southern Wadena County. The hydrogeologic units of primary interest in the study area are the surficial aquifer, the uppermost confining units, and the uppermost confined aquifers. The surficial aquifer underlies all but portions of the eastern, western, and south-central parts of the study area, and is as much as 70 ft thick. The thickness of the uppermost confined aquifers ranges from 0 to 72 ft. The thickness of the aquifers is greatest in the south-central and west-central parts of the study area, where thicknesses exceed 50 ft. Depth to the top of the uppermost confined aquifers ranges from 23 to 132 ft. The thickness of the uppermost confining units ranges from 4 to 132 ft.</p>\n<p>The regional direction of flow in the uppermost confined aquifers is to the east, southeast, and southwest toward the Crow Wing River in the eastern part of the study area and toward the Leaf River in the western part. Sources of water to the uppermost confined aquifers are leakage of water through overlying till and clay and ground-water flow from adjoining aquifers outside the study area. Discharge from the uppermost confined aquifers is by withdrawal from wells and to the surficial aquifer in river valleys. The theoretical maximum well yields for the uppermost confined aquifers range from less that 175 gal/min to greater than 2,000 gal/min and are greatest in areas of greatest aquifer thickness and transmissivity.</p>\n<p>The water budget for the calibrated steady-state simulation indicated that areal recharge to the surficial aquifer is 86.9 percent of the water to the aquifers, with leakage to the uppermost confined aquifers contributing 6.9 percent. The largest discharges from the aquifers are leakage to streams (54.5 percent) and ground-water evapotranspiration (41.4 percent). The simulated transient water budget for 1999 indicated that the principal sources of water to the aquifers were areal recharge to the surficial aquifer and release from storage. The principal discharges were stream-aquifer leakage, addition to storage, and ground-water evapotranspiration.</p>\n<p>Results of the steady-state simulation with anticipated increases in ground-water withdrawals indicated maximum drawdowns of 0.3 ft in the surficial aquifer and 0.9 ft in the uppermost confined aquifers due to the anticipated increases in ground-water withdrawals. Model results indicate that the anticipated increases in withdrawals during a drought may lower water levels 2 to 4 ft regionally in much of both the surficial and uppermost confined aquifers. Water-level declines in the surficial aquifer of about 6 ft may occur in Wadena and in the central part of the aquifer south of the Leaf River. Results of the transient simulation indicate that the anticipated increases in withdrawals during a drought would increase seasonal declines in the surficial and uppermost confined aquifers less than 1 and 2 ft, respectively.</p>\n<p>Model results indicate that greater than anticipated increases in withdrawals during periods of normal precipitation will have minimal effects on ground-water levels and streamflow in the area. In the uppermost confined aquifers, for example, water levels may decline an average of 0.13 ft regionally, with maximum declines of 0.8 to 2.1 ft near Wadena and Verndale. Greater than anticipated increases in withdrawals would cause decreases in ground-water discharge to streams of about 1.4 percent (2.5 ft<sup>3</sup> /s) of 1998-99 steady-state conditions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri024023","usgsCitation":"Lindgren, R.J., 2002, Ground-water resources of the uppermost confined aquifers, southern Wadena County and parts of Ottertail, Todd, and Cass Counties, central Minnesota, 1997–2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4023, vi, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024023.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"57","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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J.","contributorId":70808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindgren","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":32989,"text":"wri024133 - 2002 - Evaluation of recharge to the Skunk Creek Aquifer from a constructed wetland near Lyons, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:19","indexId":"wri024133","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4133","title":"Evaluation of recharge to the Skunk Creek Aquifer from a constructed wetland near Lyons, South Dakota","docAbstract":"A wetland was constructed in the Skunk Creek flood plain near Lyons in southeast South Dakota to mitigate for wetland areas that were filled during construction of a municipal golf course for the city of Sioux Falls. A water-rights permit was obtained to allow the city to pump water from Skunk Creek into the wetland during times when the wetland would be dry. The amount of water seeping through the wetland and recharging the underlying Skunk Creek aquifer was not known. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the city of Sioux Falls, conducted a study during 1997-2000 to evaluate recharge to the Skunk Creek aquifer from the constructed wetland.\r\n\r\nThree methods were used to estimate recharge from the wetland to the aquifer: (1) analysis of the rate of water-level decline during periods of no inflow; (2) flow-net analysis; and (3) analysis of the hydrologic budget. The hydrologic budget also was used to evaluate the efficiency of recharge from the wetland to the aquifer. Recharge rates estimated by analysis of shut-off events ranged from 0.21 to 0.82 foot per day, but these estimates may be influenced by possible errors in volume calculations. Recharge rates determined by flow-net analysis were calculated using selected values of hydraulic conductivity and ranged from 566,000 gallons per day using a hydraulic conductivity of 0.5 foot per day to 1,684,000 gallons per day using a hydraulic conductivity of 1.0 foot per day. Recharge rates from the hydrologic budget varied from 0.74 to 0.85 foot per day, and averaged 0.79 foot per day.\r\n\r\nThe amount of water lost to evapotranspiration at the study wetland is very small compared to the amount of water seeping from the wetland into the aquifer. Based on the hydrologic budget, the average recharge efficiency was estimated as 97.9 percent, which indicates that recharging the Skunk Creek aquifer by pumping water into the study wetland is highly efficient.\r\n\r\nBecause the Skunk Creek aquifer is composed of sand and gravel, the 'recharge mound' is less distinct than might be found in an aquifer composed of finer materials. However, water levels recorded from piezometers in and around the wetland do show a higher water table than periods when the wetland was dry. The largest increases in water level occur between the wetland channel and Skunk Creek. The results of this study demonstrate that artificially recharged wetlands can be useful in recharging underlying aquifers and increasing water levels in these aquifers.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024133","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R.F., 2002, Evaluation of recharge to the Skunk Creek Aquifer from a constructed wetland near Lyons, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4133, iv, 27 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024133.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3156,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024133/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":163825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e59da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Ryan F. 0000-0002-4544-6108 rcthomps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4544-6108","contributorId":2702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ryan","email":"rcthomps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":33000,"text":"ofr01446 - 2002 - Software user's guide for determining the Pennsylvania scour critical indicator code and streambed scour assessment rating for roadway bridges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-10T09:04:56","indexId":"ofr01446","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-446","title":"Software user's guide for determining the Pennsylvania scour critical indicator code and streambed scour assessment rating for roadway bridges","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents the instructions required to use the Scour Critical Bridge Indicator (SCBI) Code and Scour Assessment Rating (SAR) calculator developed by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) and the U.S. Geological Survey to identify Pennsylvania bridges with excessive scour conditions or a high potential for scour. Use of the calculator will enable PennDOT bridge personnel to quickly calculate these scour indices if site conditions change, new bridges are constructed, or new information needs to be included. Both indices are calculated for a bridge simultaneously because they must be used together to be interpreted accurately. The SCBI Code and SAR calculator program is run by a World Wide Web browser from a remote computer. The user can 1) add additional scenarios for bridges in the SCBI Code and SAR calculator database or 2) enter data for new bridges and run the program to calculate the SCBI Code and calculate the SAR. The calculator program allows the user to print the results and to save multiple scenarios for a bridge. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01446","usgsCitation":"Henneberg, M., and Strause, J., 2002, Software user's guide for determining the Pennsylvania scour critical indicator code and streambed scour assessment rating for roadway bridges: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-446, iv, 50 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01446.","productDescription":"iv, 50 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. ","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":60876,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0446/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":163177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0446/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5edccb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henneberg, M.F.","contributorId":14872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henneberg","given":"M.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strause, J. L.","contributorId":7703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strause","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":32987,"text":"wri024113 - 2002 - Simulation of streamflow and wetland storage, Starkweather Coulee subbasin, North Dakota, water years 1981-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T12:45:32","indexId":"wri024113","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4113","title":"Simulation of streamflow and wetland storage, Starkweather Coulee subbasin, North Dakota, water years 1981-98","docAbstract":"<p>A study was conducted to simulate streamflow and wetland storage within a part of the Starkweather Coulee subbasin.&nbsp; Information on streamflow and wetland storage in Starkweather Coulee subbasin may help with the management of water issues in the Devils Lake Basin.&nbsp; Information from a digital elevation model and geographic-information-system analyses of the study area was used to develop the Devils Lake Basin wetlands model.&nbsp; Digital elevation model data and other climatic and topographic data were used as inputs to the model.&nbsp; Within the study area, the average wetland depth was about 2.21 feet, the total maximum wetland area was about 30,890 acres at the overflow elevation, and the total maximum wetland volume was about 68,270 acre-feet.</p><p>&nbsp;Model runs were made for water years 1981-98 to calibrate the model to observed streamflows that were obtained from the Starkweather Coulee gaging station.&nbsp; Observed annual peak streamflows were greater than simulated annual peak streamflows for all water years except 1983.&nbsp; The differences probably were caused mostly by the lack of a subroutine in the model to account for frozen soil.&nbsp; The largest amount of simulated daily wetlands area occurred in April 1997 when about 40,500 acres of the study area was covered with water.&nbsp; Also during April 1997, the simulated daily water volume in the open and closed wetlands combined attained a maximum of about 116,000 acre-feet.&nbsp; By increasing the spillage thresholds from 0.2 to 1.0, simulated streamflow was reduced by 8.77 inches (from about 17.88 to 9.11 inches; 49 percent) for the 18-year period.&nbsp; During water years 1994-98, simulated annual streamflows for open-wetland spillage thresholds of 1.0 remained less than for thresholds of 0.2 even though the open wetlands probably were near maximum volume.&nbsp; The greatly increased size of the closed wetlands during water years 1994-98 probably allowed for increased water storage and decreased simulated streamflow from the study area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024113","usgsCitation":"Vining, K.C., 2002, Simulation of streamflow and wetland storage, Starkweather Coulee subbasin, North Dakota, water years 1981-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4113, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024113.","productDescription":"28 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3155,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://nd.water.usgs.gov/pubs/wri/wri024113/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47a5e4b07f02db497c15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vining, Kevin C. 0000-0001-5738-3872 kcvining@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5738-3872","contributorId":308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vining","given":"Kevin","email":"kcvining@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":32954,"text":"fs10301 - 2002 - Natural hazards on alluvial fans: The Venezuela debris flow and flash flood disaster","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-16T21:16:56.624058","indexId":"fs10301","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"103-01","title":"Natural hazards on alluvial fans: The Venezuela debris flow and flash flood disaster","docAbstract":"<p>In December 1999, rainstorms induced thousands of landslides along the Cordillera de la Costa, Vargas, northern Venezuela. Rainfall on December 2-3 totaled 200 millimeters (8 inches) and was followed by a major storm (911 millimeters, or 36 inches) on December 14 through 16. Debris flows and flash floods on alluvial fans inundated coastal communities, caused severe property destruction, and resulted in a death toll estimated at 19,000 people. Because most of the coastal zone in Vargas consists of steep mountain fronts that rise abruptly from the Caribbean Sea, the alluvial fans are the only areas where slopes are not too steep to build. Rebuilding and reoccupation of these areas requires careful determination of potential hazard zones to avoid future loss of life and property. </p>","language":"English, Spanish","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs10301","usgsCitation":"Larsen, M.C., Wieczoreck, G.F., Eaton, L.S., Morgan, B.A., and Torres-Sierra, H., 2002, Natural hazards on alluvial fans: The Venezuela debris flow and flash flood disaster: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 103-01, 4 p.; English and Spanish available, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs10301.","productDescription":"4 p.; English and Spanish available","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_103_01.jpg"},{"id":396044,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-0103-01/fs_103_01-508-SP.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Spanish"},{"id":396043,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-0103-01/fs-0103-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"English"},{"id":3118,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-0103-01/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Venezuela","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6981d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Matthew C. mclarsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Matthew","email":"mclarsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":209517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wieczoreck, Gerald F.","contributorId":7181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczoreck","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eaton, L. Scott lse5a@usgs.gov","contributorId":67582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"L.","email":"lse5a@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":209519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morgan, Benjamin A.","contributorId":32158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Torres-Sierra, Heriberto","contributorId":97913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres-Sierra","given":"Heriberto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":32975,"text":"ofr02276 - 2002 - FD_BH: a program for simulating electromagnetic waves from a borehole antenna","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T16:00:34","indexId":"ofr02276","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-276","title":"FD_BH: a program for simulating electromagnetic waves from a borehole antenna","docAbstract":"<p>Program FD_BH is used to simulate the electromagnetic waves generated by an antenna in a borehole. The model representing the antenna may include metallic parts, a coaxial cable as a feed to the driving point, and resistive loading. The program is written in the C programming language, and the program has been tested on both the Windows and the UNIX operating systems. This Open-File Report describes • The contents and organization of the Zip file (section 2). • The program files, the installation of the program, the input files, and the execution of the program (section 3). • Address to which suggestions for improving the program may be sent (section 4). </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02276","usgsCitation":"Ellefsen, K.J., 2002, FD_BH: a program for simulating electromagnetic waves from a borehole antenna: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-276, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02276.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3137,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0276/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":164184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8913","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellefsen, Karl J. 0000-0003-3075-4703 ellefsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"Karl","email":"ellefsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":82803,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":209595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":32953,"text":"fs10001 - 2002 - Use of environmental tracers and isotopes to evaluate sources of water, nitrate, and uranium in an irrigated alluvial valley, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-18T19:24:39","indexId":"fs10001","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"100-01","title":"Use of environmental tracers and isotopes to evaluate sources of water, nitrate, and uranium in an irrigated alluvial valley, Nebraska","docAbstract":"The effects of irrigation canals and the North Platte River on ground-water movement and quality in an irrigated alluvial valley, western Nebraska, were evaluated using environmental tracers. The results indicated that most of the ground water in the alluvium was derived from the North Platte River and generally was less than 30 years old. Ground-water-recharge rates varied substantially from about 0.6 to 9 feet per year with the larger recharge rates reflecting localized canal seepage.\r\n\r\nYounger water had higher nitrate concentrations than older water. Increases in nitrate concentrations in recharging ground water over time may be associated with an increase in nitrogen fertilizer use over time. Denitrification was limited in the ground water in the alluvium.\r\n\r\nUranium concentrations in ground water resulted from dissolution of volcanic ash or other sediments in the underlying bedrock or incorporated in the alluvium. High uranium concentrations in the North Platte River during the winter months were a result of the addition of uranium-rich water from local tributaries and seepage of uranium-rich ground water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs10001","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Platte Natural Resources District","usgsCitation":"Verstraeten, I.M., Bohlke, J., Kraemer, T.F., and Cannia, J.C., 2002, Use of environmental tracers and isotopes to evaluate sources of water, nitrate, and uranium in an irrigated alluvial valley, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 100-01, 4 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/fs10001.","productDescription":"4 p. ","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342008,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs100-01/pdf/fs100-01.pdf"},{"id":122966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_100_01.bmp"},{"id":8362,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs100-01/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska ","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.05,41.9 ], [ -104.05,42.13444444444444 ], [ -103.7675,42.13444444444444 ], [ -103.7675,41.9 ], [ -104.05,41.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605200","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verstraeten, Ingrid M. imverstr@usgs.gov","contributorId":3630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verstraeten","given":"Ingrid","email":"imverstr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5066,"text":"Office of the Director USGS","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kraemer, Thomas F. tkraemer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"Thomas","email":"tkraemer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cannia, James C.","contributorId":94356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannia","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":33006,"text":"ofr02188 - 2002 - Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan aquifer, west-central Florida, September 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-13T19:13:00.160098","indexId":"ofr02188","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-188","title":"Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan aquifer, west-central Florida, September 2001","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02188","usgsCitation":"Duerr, A.D., 2002, Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan aquifer, west-central Florida, September 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-188, 1 Plate: 28.44 × 31.68 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02188.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 28.44 × 31.68 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":60880,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0188/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":390487,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51827.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"upper Floridan aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.85,\n              26.7692\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.1417,\n              26.7692\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.1417,\n              29.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.85,\n              29.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.85,\n              26.7692\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad3e4b07f02db6822f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duerr, A. D.","contributorId":29821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duerr","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":32997,"text":"wri014246 - 2002 - Hydrogeologic framework, availability of water supplies, and saltwater intrusion, Cape May County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:19","indexId":"wri014246","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4246","title":"Hydrogeologic framework, availability of water supplies, and saltwater intrusion, Cape May County, New Jersey","docAbstract":"During 1960-90, saltwater intrusion forced the abandonment of at least 10 public-supply wells, 3 industrial-supply wells, and more than 100 domestic-supply wells in Cape May County, N.J. Actual or imminent ground-water contamination caused by land-use practices and human activities has forced the closure of at least six shallow public-supply wells and many domestic-supply wells. \r\n\r\nFreshwater in Cape May County flows in many small streams and is held in wetlands and natural and artificial ponds. More importantly, freshwater from precipitation passes through and is stored in five aquifers-- Holly Beach water-bearing zone, estuarine sand aquifer, Cohansey aquifer, Rio Grande water-bearing zone, and Atlantic City 800-foot sand. \r\n\r\nSurface-water discharges were measured at 14 stream sites. The Tuckahoe River is the largest stream in Cape May County. The mean annual discharge for the Tuckahoe River at Head of River was 43.8 ft3/s (cubic feet per second) or 10,800 Mgal/yr (million gallons per year) during the period of record (1969-93). Mean daily discharge ranged from 25 ft3/s or 16 Mgal/d in September to 73 ft3/s or 47 Mgal/d in April. Mean daily discharge at the eight largest streams wholly within the county ranged from 15.9 to 3.05 ft3/s (3,750 to 720 Mgal/yr). \r\n\r\nTotal water use in the county was about 8,600 Mgal/yr in 1990, including about 25 Mgal/yr of surface water, 3,000 Mgal/yr from the Holly Beach water-bearing zone, 1,000 Mgal/yr from the estuarine sand aquifer, 2,200 Mgal/yr from the Cohansey aquifer, 200 Mgal/yr from the Rio Grande water-bearing zone, and 2,200 Mgal/yr from the Atlantic City 800-foot sand. \r\n\r\nWater-level data collected during April 1991 for more than 200 wells show that in some locations ground-water flow directions and rates have changed when compared with those shown on historical potentiometric-surface maps. In 1991, water levels in the Holly Beach water-bearing zone were nearly identical to levels prior to development. A cone of depression has developed in the estuarine sand aquifer; the water-level altitude near the center of the cone was about -5 ft in 1991. An extensive cone of depression has developed in the Cohansey aquifer; the water-level altitude near the center of the cone was about -20 ft. A small cone of depression has developed in the Rio Grande water-bearing zone; the altitude near the center was -5 ft. An elongated cone of depression has developed in the Atlantic City 800-foot sand; the water-level altitude was about -70 ft in Ocean City and -20 ft in Stone Harbor. Waterlevel maps from predevelopment, 1958, 1978, 1983, and 1988 show that the cones of depression are getting deeper and are expanding in the Atlantic City 800-foot sand. \r\n\r\nThe 250-mg/L (milligram per liter) line of equal chloride concentration and 50 mg/L line of equal sodium concentration have moved inland, possibly since the early 1900's. Chloride concentrations have increased in many wells in the confined aquifers along the coastline in the southern part of the county. Nitrate concentrations greater than 1 mg/L were present in water samples collected from 10 wells that tap the Holly Beach water-bearing zone. Concentrations of nitrate greater than 10 mg/L in samples collected in Lower, Middle, Upper, and Dennis Townships may result from effluent from septic systems or from agricultural activities. \r\n\r\nA water budget shows that the mean annual precipitation is about 42 in., and about 119,000 Mgal falls each year on uplands and freshwater wetlands in the county. About 63,600 Mgal/yr is evapotranspired, 8,200 Mgal/yr becomes overland flow, and 47,200 Mgal/yr recharges the Holly Beach water-bearing zone. In northern Cape MayCounty, most recharge ultimately is discharged to streams. In southern Cape May County, about 20 percent of recharge is diverted to withdrawal wells. \r\n\r\nBecause saltwater intrusion has occurred in the confined aquifers along the Atlantic and Delaware Bay coastlines, new supply wells placed along th","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014246","usgsCitation":"Lacombe, P., and Carleton, G.B., 2002, Hydrogeologic framework, availability of water supplies, and saltwater intrusion, Cape May County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4246, ix, 151 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014246.","productDescription":"ix, 151 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3159,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014246/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":163089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db62799c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lacombe, Pierre J. placombe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacombe","given":"Pierre J.","email":"placombe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":209646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carleton, Glen B. 0000-0002-7666-4407 carleton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7666-4407","contributorId":3795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carleton","given":"Glen","email":"carleton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":209647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":38169,"text":"fs02202 - 2002 - Ground-Water Age and its Water-Management Implications, Cook Inlet Basin, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:50","indexId":"fs02202","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"022-02","title":"Ground-Water Age and its Water-Management Implications, Cook Inlet Basin, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Cook Inlet Basin encompasses 39,325 square miles in south-central Alaska. Approximately 350,000 people, more than half of Alaska?s population, reside in the basin, mostly in the Anchorage area. However, rapid growth is occurring in the Matanuska?Susitna and Kenai Peninsula Boroughs to the north and south of Anchorage. Ground-water resources provide about one-third of the water used for domestic, commercial and industrial purposes in the Anchorage metropolitan area and are the sole sources of water for industries and residents outside Anchorage. In 1997, a study of the Cook Inlet Basin was begun as part of the U.S. Geological Survey?s National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Samples of ground water were collected from 35 existing wells in unconsolidated glacial and alluvial aquifers during 1999 to determine the regional quality of ground water beneath about 790 mi2 of developed land and to gain a better understanding of the natural and human factors that affect the water quality (Glass, 2001). Of the 35 wells sampled, 31 had water analyzed for atmospherically derived substances to determine the ground water?s travel time from its point of recharge to its point of use or discharge?also known as ground-water age.\r\n\r\nGround water moves slowly from its point of recharge to its point of use or discharge. This water starts as rain and melting snow that soak into the ground as recharge. In the Matanuska?Susitna, Anchorage, and Kenai Peninsula areas, ground water generally moves from near the mountain fronts toward Cook Inlet or the major rivers. Much of the water pumped by domestic and public-supply wells may have traveled less than 10 miles, and the trip may have taken as short a time as a few days or as long as several decades. This ground water is vulnerable to contamination from the land surface, and many contaminants in the water would follow the same paths and have similar travel times from recharge areas to points of use as the chemical substances analyzed in this study. The effects of contamination may not be seen for several years after a contaminant is introduced into the ground-water system. Many contaminants could make the water unsuitable for drinking for many years, even in concentrations too low to detect without expensive chemical tests. The travel time of a chemically conservative substance depends primarily on the velocity of ground water through the aquifer, which in turn depends on the hydrologic characteristics of the aquifer system.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs02202","usgsCitation":"Glass, R.L., 2002, Ground-Water Age and its Water-Management Implications, Cook Inlet Basin, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 022-02, 1 folded sheet ([4] p.) : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/fs02202.","productDescription":"1 folded sheet ([4] p.) : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_022_02.bmp"},{"id":3466,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/FS/fs-022-02/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d657","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glass, Roy L.","contributorId":86813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glass","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":33007,"text":"ofr02205 - 2002 - Merged digital aeromagnetic data for the middle Rio Grande and southern Espanola basins, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T15:38:54","indexId":"ofr02205","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-205","title":"Merged digital aeromagnetic data for the middle Rio Grande and southern Espanola basins, New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>The U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) recently conducted a multi-disciplinary study of the Middle Rio Grande basin (Bartolino and Cole, 2002; Fig. 1). The main purpose of this study was to gain a better multi-dimensional understanding of the basin's hydrogeologic framework and use this new understanding to construct an improved regional ground-water flow model. The Middle Rio Grande basin fill serves as the primary water resource for Albuquerque and surrounding communities (Thorn and others, 1993). It is composed of poorly consolidated, Tertiary to Quaternary sediments, collectively called the Santa Fe Group. These sediments were deposited during the Tertiary to Quaternary development of the Rio Grande rift (Fig. 1, inset). The strata vary in thickness from 1,000 to more than 4,000 m and range from mudstone to conglomerate (Kelley, 1977; May and Russell, 1994).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr02205","usgsCitation":"Sweeney, R.E., Grauch, V.J., and Phillips, J.D., 2002, Merged digital aeromagnetic data for the middle Rio Grande and southern Espanola basins, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-205, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02205.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3178,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0205/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624eb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweeney, Ronald E.","contributorId":89564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweeney","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":34125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phillips, Jeffrey D. 0000-0002-6459-2821 jeff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":1572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":209674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":33008,"text":"ofr02214 - 2002 - Analysis of magnetotelluric profile data from the Ruby Mountains metamorphic core complex and southern Carlin Trend region, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-14T14:38:07","indexId":"ofr02214","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-214","title":"Analysis of magnetotelluric profile data from the Ruby Mountains metamorphic core complex and southern Carlin Trend region, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>We have collected about 150 magnetotelluric (MT) soundings in northeastern Nevada in the region of the Ruby Mountains metamorphic core complex uplift and southern Carlin mineral trend, in an effort to illuminate controls on core complex evolution and deposition of world-class gold deposits. The region has experienced a broad range of tectonic events including several periods of compressional and extensional deformation, which have contributed to the total expression of electrical resistivity. Most of the soundings are in three east-west profiles across increasing degrees of core uplift to the north (Bald Mountain, Harrison Pass and Secret Pass latitudes). Two shorter lines cross a prominent east-west structure to the north of the northern profile. MT impedance tensor and vertical magnetic field rotations imply a N-NNE average regional geoelectric strike, similar to surface geologic trends. Model resistivity cross sections were derived using a 2-D inversion algorithm, which damps departures of model parameters from an a priori structure, emphasizing the transverse magnetic (TM) mode and vertical magnetic field data. Geological interpretation of the resistivity combines previous seismic, potential field and isotope models, structural and petrological models for regional compression and extension, and detailed structural/stratigraphic interpretations incorporating drilling for petroleum and mineral exploration. To first order, the resistivity structure is one of a moderately conductive, Phanerozoic sedimentary section fundamentally disrupted by intrusion and uplift of resistive crystalline rocks. Late Devonian and early Mississippian shales of the Pilot and Chainman Formations together form an important conductive marker sequence in the stratigraphy and show pronounced increases in conductance (conductivity-thickness product) from east to west. These increases in conductance are attributed to graphitization caused by Elko-Sevier era compressional shear deformation and possibly by intrusive heating. The resistive crystalline central massifs adjoin the host stratigraphy across crustal-scale, subvertical fault zones. These zones provide electric current pathways to the lower crust for heterogeneous, upper crustal induced current flow. Resistive core complex crust may be steeply bounded under the middle of the neighboring grabens and not deepen at a shallow angle to arbitrary distances to the west. The numerous crustal breaks imaged with MT may contribute to the low effective elastic thickness estimated regionally for the Great Basin and exemplify the mid-crustal, steeply dipping slip zones in which major earthquakes nucleate. An east-west oriented conductor in the crystalline upper crust spans the East Humboldt Range and northern Ruby Mountains. The conductor may be related to an inferred ArcheanProterozoic suture or nearby graphitic metasediments, with possible alteration by middle Tertiary magmatic activity. Lower crustal resistivity everywhere under the profiles is low and appears quasi one-dimensional. It is consistent with a low rock porosity (</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02214","usgsCitation":"Wannamaker, P.E., Doerner, W.M., Stodt, J.A., Sodergen, T.L., and Rodriguez, B.D., 2002, Analysis of magnetotelluric profile data from the Ruby Mountains metamorphic core complex and southern Carlin Trend region, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-214, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02214.","productDescription":"50 p.","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3179,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0214/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":163262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0214/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60881,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0214/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db680442","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wannamaker, Philip E.","contributorId":86398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wannamaker","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doerner, William M.","contributorId":17662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doerner","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stodt, John A.","contributorId":79533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stodt","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sodergen, Timothy L.","contributorId":63071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sodergen","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
]}