{"pageNumber":"2953","pageRowStart":"73800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184606,"records":[{"id":70209719,"text":"70209719 - 2002 - Monitoring dust storms and mapping landscape vulnerability to wind erosion using satellite and ground-based digital images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-22T15:39:55.173819","indexId":"70209719","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-30T10:33:47","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5949,"text":"Arid Lands Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring dust storms and mapping landscape vulnerability to wind erosion using satellite and ground-based digital images","docAbstract":"<p>Wind-induced dust emission in the southwestern United States is important regionally because of its impact on human health and safety and its influence on ecosystem dynamics. Factors that control dust emission include wind velocity, sediment availability, and surface conditions (e.g., vegetation type and degree of cover, surface crusts and armoring, and soil moisture - Gillette and Passi, 1988; Gillette and Hanson 1989; Marticorena and others, 1997). Emission of dust from the land surface is a process of degradation that depletes fine-grained minerals needed for optimum vegetation growth, creates potentially hazardous air quality for humans on a local and regional scale, and can affect climate on a regional and global scale. Future climatic change may lead to increased aridification of southwestern deserts, reducing protective vegetation and enhancing dust emissions, thereby increasing the impacts of dust in this region. It is currently not well understood how climate change in the Southwest will affect dust emission and, in turn, how dust emission will affect climate and human health.</p><p>As part of a study of landscape vulnerability to wind erosion and the potential impacts of dust, we are investigating remotely sensed satellite, airborne, and ground-based image data to determine their ability to detect and monitor active dust storms, as well as to map areas vulnerable to wind erosion. A main objective has been to investigate the use of high temporal resolution digital images collected by satellite and a long-term, ground-based digital camera station, along with wind data collected at our field sites, to detect, monitor, and analyze the location, size, frequency, duration, and transport patterns of dust storms in the Mojave Desert of the southwestern United States.</p><p>Generally, many current methods and instruments are not developed to the level required to routinely detect and monitor dust storms or to develop models that accurately predict total dust flux and emission rates. Improving these capabilities is critical to generating baseline datasets for assessments of landscape vulnerability to future climate change. On going modeling efforts are attempting to identify meteorological parameters and soil surface roughness parameters needed to predict the vulnerability of various geomorphic substrates to wind erosion. Datasets to calibrate model results are difficult to collect and typically not available. Results of our studies, incorporating digital image maps and new methods using remotely sensed images to identify and monitor dust sources, will be useful for the calibration of dust-emission models of the Mojave Desert and other arid environments. At the same time, we are exploring new methods to map the amount, sizes, and spatial distribution of particles at the surface to enable detailed wind-erosion vulnerability mapping at a regional scale.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Arizona","usgsCitation":"Chavez, P.S., MacKinnon, D., Reynolds, R.L., and Velasco, M.G., 2002, Monitoring dust storms and mapping landscape vulnerability to wind erosion using satellite and ground-based digital images: Arid Lands Newsletter, HTML document.","productDescription":"HTML document","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374196,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":374195,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cals.arizona.edu/OALS/ALN/aln51/chavez.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.0767364501953,\n              35.26103890040936\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.20582580566408,\n              35.08451746670936\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.68981170654297,\n              35.17212449131418\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.0767364501953,\n              35.26103890040936\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chavez, Pat S. Jr.","contributorId":39870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chavez","given":"Pat","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacKinnon, David","contributorId":19075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKinnon","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":139068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Velasco, Miguel G. 0000-0003-2559-7934 mvelasco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2559-7934","contributorId":2103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velasco","given":"Miguel","email":"mvelasco@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70185581,"text":"70185581 - 2002 - Flood pulsing in wetlands: Restoring the natural hydrological balance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-24T08:54:39","indexId":"70185581","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Flood pulsing in wetlands: Restoring the natural hydrological balance","docAbstract":"<p><span>The latest cutting-edge research on flood pulsing and wetland restoration in North America.</span><br><br><span>Presenting the latest research from leaders in the field of restoration ecology, Flood Pulsing in Wetlands reflects the current movement to incorporate flood pulsing into wetland restoration efforts. Emphasizing how integral flood pulsing is to successful wetland restoration, the book's contributors provide descriptions of restoration projects across North America in which flood pulsing has been primarily used to restore beneficial hydrodynamic conditions to floodplain areas, and improve or save vegetation, wildlife, and terrain.</span><br><br><span>Detailing the importance and applicability of recreating flood-pulsed conditions on floodplains for successful restoration, the first chapter introduces the concept of flood pulse and its unique role in wetland restoration. The following chapters detail the strategies and results of individual projects and the impact flood pulsing had on the projects' overall goals. Case studies detail the history of each region, such as the Southwest, including the Sonoran Desert communities and the Middle Rio Grande; the Missouri River in Montana; the Illinois River Valley; and the Southeast, including Brushy Lake, Arkansas. Also documented is the most famous case of flood pulsing used in the restoration of an entire landscape, the Kissimmee River project. Approaches used to restore specific plant and animal populations, the unique ecological concerns of each region, and the future outlook for each area are fully described.</span><br><br><span>Extensive bibliographies for each chapter make Flood Pulsing in Wetlands: Restoring the Natural Hydrological Balance the essential reference for restoration ecologists, consultants in wetland restoration, government and restoration agency employees, land managers, ecologists, foresters, and geologists.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","isbn":"978-0-471-41807-8","usgsCitation":"2002, Flood pulsing in wetlands: Restoring the natural hydrological balance, xii, 308 p.","productDescription":"xii, 308 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":338249,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338248,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471418072.html"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d63039e4b05ec7991310f5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Middleton, Beth A. 0000-0002-1220-2326 middletonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":2029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Beth","email":"middletonb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686030,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70188656,"text":"70188656 - 2002 - Evaluation of a local grid refinement method for steady-state block-centered finite-difference groundwater models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-20T13:50:20","indexId":"70188656","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5430,"text":"Developments in Water Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of a local grid refinement method for steady-state block-centered finite-difference groundwater models","docAbstract":"<p>A&nbsp;new method of local grid refinement for two-dimensional block-centered finite difference meshes that uses an iteration-based feedback to couple two separate grids has been developed. Its convergence properties have been evaluated and comparisons with alternative methods have been completed (Mehl and Hill, in review a). This work further investigates a difficulty encountered with the traditional telescopic mesh refinement (TMR) methods that lack a feedback. Results indicate: (1) Coupling the coarse grid with the refined grid in a numerically rigorous way that allows for a feedback can improve the coarse grid results; this improvement is not possible using the TMR methods because there is no feedback. (2) The TMR methods work well in situations where the better resolution of the locally refined grid has little influence on the overall flow-system dynamics, but if this is not true, lack of a feedback mechanism produced errors in head up to 6.8% and errors in cell-to-cell fluxes up to 7.1% for the case presented. (3) For the TMR methods, coupling using flux boundary conditions produces significant inconsistencies in the head distribution at the boundary interface. TMR inaccuracies can substantially effect parameter estimation (Mehl and Hill, in review b).&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ScienceDirect","doi":"10.1016/S0167-5648(02)80084-3","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., and Mehl, S.W., 2002, Evaluation of a local grid refinement method for steady-state block-centered finite-difference groundwater models: Developments in Water Science, v. 47, p. 367-374, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5648(02)80084-3.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"367","endPage":"374","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342670,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594a3429e4b062508e36af5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mehl, Steffen W. swmehl@usgs.gov","contributorId":975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehl","given":"Steffen","email":"swmehl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":698784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70210583,"text":"70210583 - 2002 - Geographic information systems compilation of geophysical, geologic, and tectonic data for the Bering Shelf, Chukchi Sea, Arctic margin, and adjacent landmasses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-11T14:42:31.027467","indexId":"70210583","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-10T13:43:29","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic information systems compilation of geophysical, geologic, and tectonic data for the Bering Shelf, Chukchi Sea, Arctic margin, and adjacent landmasses","docAbstract":"<p>The accompanying CD-ROM contains a compilation of geophysical, geologic, and tectonic data for the Bering Shelf, the Chukchi Sea, the Arctic margin, and adjacent landmasses. These data sets focus on Alaska, the Russian Far East, and the continental shelves that link these two landmasses. For compatibility with other available geographic information system (GIS) products, our GIS compilation extends from 120°E to 115°W, and from 40°N to 80°N. This area encompasses the region from the modern Paciµc plate boundary of the Japan, Kurile, and Aleutian subduction zones, the Queen Charlotte transform fault, and the Cascadia subduction zone (in the south) to the continent-ocean transition from the Eurasian and North American continents to the Arctic Ocean (in the north); and from the diffuse Eurasian–North American plate boundary, including the probable Okhotsk plate (in the west) to the Alaskan-Canadian Cordilleran fold belt (in the east). The CD-ROM comprises thematic layers of spatial data sets for topography, gravity µeld, magnetic µeld, earthquakes, volcanoes, geology, tectonostratigraphic terranes, and cultural reference features, and also includes metadata (data about the data) for all these data sets. The spatial data sets can be viewed, analyzed, and plotted with commercial GIS software (ArcView and ARC/Info) or through a freeware program (ArcExplorer) that is included on this CD-ROM. This GIS compilation provides data for studies of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic collisional and accretionary tectonics that assembled this continental crust and of the neotectonics of active and passive plate margins in this region, and for constructing and interpreting geophysical, geologic, and tectonic models of the region.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2360-4.359","usgsCitation":"Klemperer, S.L., Greninger, M.L., and Nokleberg, W.J., 2002, Geographic information systems compilation of geophysical, geologic, and tectonic data for the Bering Shelf, Chukchi Sea, Arctic margin, and adjacent landmasses: GSA Special Papers, v. 360, p. 359-374, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2360-4.359.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"374","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375500,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic margin, Bering Shelf, Chukchi Sea","volume":"360","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klemperer, Simon L.","contributorId":106929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemperer","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greninger, Mark L.","contributorId":72816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greninger","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70199733,"text":"70199733 - 2002 - Interactions between onshore bedrock-channel incision and nearshore wave-base erosion forced by eustasy and tectonics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T13:21:09","indexId":"70199733","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-10T13:20:40","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":972,"text":"Basin Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions between onshore bedrock-channel incision and nearshore wave-base erosion forced by eustasy and tectonics","docAbstract":"<p><span>We explore the response of bedrock streams to eustatic and tectonically induced fluctuations in base level. A&nbsp;numerical model coupling onshore fluvial erosion with offshore wave‐base erosion is developed. The results of a series of simulations for simple transgressions with constant rate of sea‐level change (</span><i>SLR</i><span>) show that response depends on the relative rates of rock uplift (</span><i>U</i><span>) and wave‐base erosion (ɛ</span><sub><i>w</i></sub><span>). Simple regression runs highlight the importance of nearshore bathymetry. Shoreline position during sea‐level fall is set by the relative rate of base‐level fall (</span><i>U‐SLR</i><span>) and ɛ</span><sub><i>w</i></sub><span>, and is constant horizontally when these two quantities are equal. The results of models forced by a realistic Late Quaternary sea‐level curve are presented. These runs show that a stable shoreline position cannot be obtained if offshore uplift rates exceed ɛ</span><sub><i>w</i></sub><span>. Only in the presence of a relatively stable shoreline position, fluvial profiles can begin to approximate a steady‐state condition, with&nbsp;</span><i>U</i><span>&nbsp;balanced by fluvial erosion rate (ɛ</span><sub><i>f</i></sub><span>). In the presence of a rapid offshore decrease in rock‐uplift rate (</span><i>U</i><span>), short (∼5 km) fluvial channels respond to significant changes in rock‐uplift rate in just a few eustatic cycles. The results of the model are compared to real stream‐profile data from the Mendocino triple junction region of northern California. The late Holocene sea‐level stillstand response exhibited by the simulated channels is similar to the low‐gradient mouths seen in the California streams.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"International AIDS Society, European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2117.2002.00169.x","usgsCitation":"Snyder, N., Whipple, K., Tucker, G., and Merritts, D., 2002, Interactions between onshore bedrock-channel incision and nearshore wave-base erosion forced by eustasy and tectonics: Basin Research, v. 14, no. 2, p. 105-127, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2117.2002.00169.x.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"127","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357787,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-06-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10f159e4b034bf6a805ab2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, N.P.","contributorId":13415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"N.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whipple, K.X.","contributorId":47187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whipple","given":"K.X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tucker, G.E.","contributorId":102992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"G.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Merritts, D.J.","contributorId":73766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritts","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70242859,"text":"70242859 - 2002 - Osmium isotope constraints on lower crustal recycling and pluton preservation at Lassen Volcanic Center, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-20T14:23:01.517683","indexId":"70242859","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-10T09:16:48","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Osmium isotope constraints on lower crustal recycling and pluton preservation at Lassen Volcanic Center, CA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Osmium isotope compositions of intermediate- to silicic-composition calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Lassen volcanic region of the Cascade arc are significantly more radiogenic (</span><i>γ</i><sub>Os</sub><span>=+23 to +224) than typical mantle. These evolved arc rocks in the Lassen region have unradiogenic Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope compositions which overlap with those of contemporaneous mafic lavas. Crystal fractionation of mafic- to intermediate-composition magmas produces Re/Os ratios that are high enough to evolve to very radiogenic Os isotope compositions in only a few million years, providing a potential fingerprint for detecting the involvement of such young, relatively mafic crust in magmatic systems. However, the Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope compositions will remain constant over such short time intervals due to relatively low parent/daughter enrichment during magmatic evolution. The radiogenic Os isotope compositions in typically evolved Lassen rocks are interpreted to reflect significant interaction with lower crustal material that has radiogenic Os isotope compositions. Beneath this section of the Cascade arc, large amounts of such high-</span><i>γ</i><sub>Os</sub><span>&nbsp;lower crust may have formed and been isolated from MASH zone mixing and homogenization processes during the Pliocene or Late Miocene. The results from this study indicate that Os isotopes may provide a unique glimpse into lower crustal processes, such as recycling, in primitive orogenic arcs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00564-2","usgsCitation":"Hart, G.L., Johnson, C.M., Shirey, S.B., and Clynne, M.A., 2002, Osmium isotope constraints on lower crustal recycling and pluton preservation at Lassen Volcanic Center, CA: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 199, no. 3-4, p. 269-285, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00564-2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"285","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416064,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Lassen Volcanic Center","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.5930143921523,\n              40.60567267392082\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5930143921523,\n              40.36800001884788\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.24071547497113,\n              40.36800001884788\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.24071547497113,\n              40.60567267392082\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5930143921523,\n              40.60567267392082\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"199","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Garret L.","contributorId":198281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hart","given":"Garret","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":870026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Clark M.","contributorId":195431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Clark","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":870027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shirey, Steven B.","contributorId":198282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shirey","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":870028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clynne, Michael A. 0000-0002-4220-2968 mclynne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-2968","contributorId":2032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"Michael","email":"mclynne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70180712,"text":"70180712 - 2002 - Major areas of ground-water development; Cache Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T15:00:23","indexId":"70180712","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":247,"text":"Cooperative Investigations Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"43","title":"Major areas of ground-water development; Cache Valley","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","issn":"0375-8133","usgsCitation":"Danner, R., and Burden, C., 2002, Major areas of ground-water development; Cache Valley: Cooperative Investigations Report 43, no. 43.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":334507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"43","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0aae4b072a7ac129901","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Danner, R.M.","contributorId":27671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danner","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burden, C.B.","contributorId":63843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burden","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70210480,"text":"70210480 - 2002 - Evaporite tectonism in the lower Roaring Fork River valley, west-central Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-04T16:14:04.320733","indexId":"70210480","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-04T10:58:40","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaporite tectonism in the lower Roaring Fork River valley, west-central Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>Evaporite tectonism in the lower Roaring Fork River valley in west-central Colorado has caused regional subsidence of a differentially downdropped area in the southern part of the Carbondale collapse center during the late Cenozoic. A prominent topographic depression coincides with this collapse area, and drainage patterns within the collapse area contrast sharply with those outside of it. Miocene volcanic rocks are downdropped as much as 1220 m in the collapse area. Much of the structural lowering occurred along the margins of the collapse area. Major Laramide-age structures bound the east and west sides of the collapse area, but movement on these structures during late Cenozoic collapse was in an opposite direction to their Laramide movement. Within the interior part of the collapse area faults and folds have as much as \u0001300 m of structural relief. Large blocks of rock may be rafting into the Roaring Fork River valley as underlying evaporite flows toward the valley. Sinkholes are common in the collapse area, as are closed, or nearly closed, structurally controlled topographic depressions that are formed in both surficial deposits and bedrock. Upper Cenozoic deltaic and lacustrine deposits preserved on ridgelines and mesas document the positions of former structural depressions that were initially filled with sediments and later breached by erosion. At least 450 m of syn-collapse sediments accumulated in a collapse depression on the north side of Mount Sopris. Complexly deformed and brecciated deposits in the interior parts of the collapse center are interpreted as collapse debris. Evaporite flow is an important element in the collapse process, and during early stages of collapse it was perhaps the primary means of deformation. Flow by itself, does not remove evaporite from the collapse area. Dissolution and accompanying transport of dissolved constituents by groundwater and surface water are the ultimate means by which evaporite exits the collapse area. Collapse continues today, as evidenced by historic sinkholes and modern high-salinity loads in rivers and thermal springs. Thick evaporite deposits still underlie much of the collapse area, so collapse will likely continue in the future. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2366-3.73","usgsCitation":"Kirkham, R., Streufert, R.K., Kunk, M.J., Budahn, J.R., Hudson, M., and Perry, W.J., 2002, Evaporite tectonism in the lower Roaring Fork River valley, west-central Colorado: GSA Special Papers, v. 366, p. 73-99, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2366-3.73.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"99","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375361,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Carbondale","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.369140625,\n              39.18117526158749\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.98486328124999,\n              39.18117526158749\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.98486328124999,\n              40.06125658140474\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.369140625,\n              40.06125658140474\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.369140625,\n              39.18117526158749\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"366","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirkham, R. M.","contributorId":16915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirkham","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Streufert, Randall K.","contributorId":45353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Streufert","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Budahn, James R. 0000-0001-9794-8882 jbudahn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":1175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"James","email":"jbudahn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hudson, Mark R. 0000-0003-0338-6079 mhudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0338-6079","contributorId":1236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Mark R.","email":"mhudson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Perry, William J. Jr.","contributorId":32498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70199582,"text":"70199582 - 2002 - Persistence of tidally-oriented vertical migration by zooplankton in a temperate estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T21:34:26","indexId":"70199582","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T21:33:55","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistence of tidally-oriented vertical migration by zooplankton in a temperate estuary","docAbstract":"<p><span>Tidal vertical migration by zooplankton is a common phenomenon in estuaries, usually associated with landward movement of meroplankton or position maintenance of holoplankton. Little is known about the persistence of this behavior, its spatial variability, or its response to changing environmental conditions. We extended a previous study of tidal movements of zooplankton in the low-salinity zone (LSZ) of the San Francisco estuary in 1994 to include data from two additional years with very different hydrology. Freshwater flow during sampling in 1995 was about 7-fold greater than in 1994; the LSZ was about 28 km further seaward, and gravitational circulation in the LSZ was strong. In 1996 freshwater flow and LSZ position were intermediate but, because the LSZ was in shallower water in 1996 than in 1995, gravitational circulation was uncommon. Behavior of copepods in both years was similar to that reported in 1994 with some tidal migration observed during most cruises. An exception was the introduced carnivorous copepod</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Tortanus dextrilobatus</i><span>, which did not migrate and maintained a position deep in the water column (1995 only). In 1996, mysids mainly stayed near the bottom with evidence for vertical migration from only 1 of 6 data sets, whereas amphipods migrated slightly on a diel schedule; these behaviors contrasted with the tidal migration observed in 1994. The bay shrimp</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Crangon franciscorum</i><span>&nbsp;did not appear to migrate, but was more abundant in the water column during both ebb and flood, suggesting passive vertical dispersal. Zooplankton did not appear to maintain position by interactions with lateral circulation cells. The results for copepods suggest rigidity in behavior with little or no relaxation of the vertical movement in 1995 when strong gravitational circulation would have made upstream movement relatively easy. Mysids and amphipods altered their behavior depending on local conditions related to freshwater flow.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02695979","usgsCitation":"Kimmerer, W., Burau, J.R., and Bennett, W., 2002, Persistence of tidally-oriented vertical migration by zooplankton in a temperate estuary: Estuaries, v. 25, no. 3, p. 359-371, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02695979.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"371","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357597,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10f159e4b034bf6a805ab7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimmerer, W.J.","contributorId":23305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimmerer","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burau, Jon R. 0000-0002-5196-5035 jrburau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":1500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"Jon","email":"jrburau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, W.A.","contributorId":100572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70170163,"text":"70170163 - 2002 - Variations in concentrations of atrazine and nitrate during well purging in relation to field water-quality parameters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-08T16:02:25","indexId":"70170163","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1925,"text":"Hydrological Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variations in concentrations of atrazine and nitrate during well purging in relation to field water-quality parameters","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Hydrology","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","usgsCitation":"Capel, P., Kruglov, V., Landon, M., Delin, G., and Certain, H., 2002, Variations in concentrations of atrazine and nitrate during well purging in relation to field water-quality parameters: Hydrological Science and Technology, v. 18, no. 1-4, p. 217-230.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"230","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319933,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572486e4e4b0b13d3915987f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capel, P. D. 0000-0003-1620-5185","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":95498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"P. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kruglov, Victoria","contributorId":168536,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kruglov","given":"Victoria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landon, M.K. 0000-0002-5766-0494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":69572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Certain, H.J.","contributorId":168537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Certain","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":32981,"text":"ofr02124 - 2002 - Ground-water-quality data for Albany and surrounding areas, Southwest Georgia, 1951-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T15:45:12","indexId":"ofr02124","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-124","title":"Ground-water-quality data for Albany and surrounding areas, Southwest Georgia, 1951-99","docAbstract":"This report presents ground-water-quality data from the surficial, Upper Floridan, Claiborne, Clayton, and Upper Cretaceous aquifers in the Albany and surrounding areas of southwest Georgia. Water-quality data from about 186 wells in Baker, Calhoun, Dougherty, Lee, Mitchell, Terrell, and Worth Counties are presented for the period from 1951 through 1999. The data include field water-quality parameters collected during 1951-99, volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds collected during 1981-97, inorganic compounds collected during 1951-99, trace metals collected during 1964-99, radiochemicals collected during 1993-95, herbicides and insecticides collected during 1980-97, and recovery data for laboratory surrogate compounds (used for quality control and quality assurance for organic samples) collected during 1993-97. Ground-water quality data are presented in tables by data type and arranged by well number.\r\n\r\nIllustrations in this report contain information about study area location, well location, stratigraphy, and formation water-bearing properties. Ground-water-quality data are presented in text files and in a data base that includes geographic and tabular data. Data presented in this report provide a base with which to better define and interpret the quality of ground water in Albany, Ga., and surrounding areas. Although some of these data may have been published in previous reports associated with water-resources investigations, water-quality data are compiled as a useful resource.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02124","usgsCitation":"Warner, D., Easoz, J.A., and Priest, S., 2002, Ground-water-quality data for Albany and surrounding areas, Southwest Georgia, 1951-99: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-124, 1 CD-ROM : ill., maps (some col.) ; 4 3/4 in. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02124.","productDescription":"1 CD-ROM : ill., maps (some col.) ; 4 3/4 in. ","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13457,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr02-124/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Baker County, Calhoun County, Dougherty County, Lee County, Mitchell County, Terrell County, Worth 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Debbie 0000-0002-5195-6657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5195-6657","contributorId":104106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"Debbie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Easoz, Jamie A.","contributorId":17663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Easoz","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Priest, Sherlyn","contributorId":23994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priest","given":"Sherlyn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":47392,"text":"ofr02138 - 2002 - Distribution of volatile organic compounds in sediments near Sutton Brook Disposal Area, Tewksbury, Massachusetts, May 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:40","indexId":"ofr02138","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-138","title":"Distribution of volatile organic compounds in sediments near Sutton Brook Disposal Area, Tewksbury, Massachusetts, May 2001","docAbstract":"Ground water at the Sutton Brook Disposal Area, a former municipal landfill in Tewksbury, Massachusetts, located adjacent to Sutton Brook, a tributary of the Shawsheen River, is contaminated by volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Results from the use of passive-vapor-diffusion samplers show vapor concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons as high as 500,000 parts per billion by volume in pore waters of streambed sediments along an approximate 2,000-foot reach of Sutton Brook where it flows between lobes of the former landfill. Petroleum hydrocarbons were also detected in the sediments on the eastern shore of Quarry Pond, which is south of the southern landfill lobe, with a maximum vapor concentration near 2,000 parts per billion by volume. Vapor concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons in the sediments of Sutton Brook vary by two to three orders-of-magitude over distances of 50 to 100 feet. Chlorinated hydrocarbons also were detected with passive-vapor-diffusion samplers, but generally at locations downstream of where petroleum hydrocarbons were detected, and mostly at vapor concentrations of less than 100 parts per billion by volume.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02138","usgsCitation":"Church, P.E., Lyford, F.P., and Clifford, S., 2002, Distribution of volatile organic compounds in sediments near Sutton Brook Disposal Area, Tewksbury, Massachusetts, May 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-138, iii, 16 p. : maps (some col.) ; 28 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02138.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p. : maps (some col.) ; 28 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3972,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ofr02138/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db634a73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Church, P. E.","contributorId":39406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyford, F. P.","contributorId":30223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyford","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clifford, Scott","contributorId":63042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifford","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":34950,"text":"b2192 - 2002 - Reconnaissance study of the geology of U.S. vermiculite deposits: Are asbestos minerals common constituents?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-14T10:20:28","indexId":"b2192","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2192","title":"Reconnaissance study of the geology of U.S. vermiculite deposits: Are asbestos minerals common constituents?","docAbstract":"<p>Unusually high incidences of asbestos-related mortality and respiratory disease in the small town of Libby, Montana, have been linked to amphibole mineral fibers intergrown with the vermiculite deposits mined and milled near the town from 1923 to 1990. A study conducted by the U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry concluded that mortality due to asbestosis in Libby mine and mill workers and residents during 1979 to 1998 was much higher than expected for a similar Montana or United States population group. Recent medical testing of past and present mineworkers and residents of Libby showed lung abnormalities in nearly one-fifth of the adult study participants. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, under Superfund authority, is completing sampling and cleanup of asbestos-bearing materials in the mine, mill, and town sites. The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting a study, reviewed herein, to investigate the mineral content of other U.S. vermiculite deposits and to determine if the amphibole asbestos minerals like those found in the Libby deposits are common in other vermiculite deposits.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/b2192","usgsCitation":"Van Gosen, B.S., Lowers, H., Bush, A., Meeker, G.P., Plumlee, G.S., Brownfield, I.K., and Sutley, S.J., 2002, Reconnaissance study of the geology of U.S. vermiculite deposits: Are asbestos minerals common constituents? (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2192, iii, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2192.","productDescription":"iii, 8 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":343852,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3403,"rank":99,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2192/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","city":"Libby","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.625,\n              48.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.375,\n              48.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.375,\n              48.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.625,\n              48.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.625,\n              48.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db63577f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Gosen, Bradley S. 0000-0003-4214-3811 bvangose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":1174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"Bradley","email":"bvangose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":213870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowers, Heather 0000-0001-5360-9264 hlowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":213868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bush, Alfred L.","contributorId":48977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"Alfred L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meeker, Gregory P.","contributorId":62974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":213869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brownfield, Isabelle K.","contributorId":97108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Isabelle","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sutley, Stephen J.","contributorId":60296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":33011,"text":"wri024072 - 2002 - Streamflow, water quality, and quantification of metal loading in the upper Tenmile Creek watershed, Lewis and Clark County, west-central Montana, September 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-20T06:27:18","indexId":"wri024072","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4072","title":"Streamflow, water quality, and quantification of metal loading in the upper Tenmile Creek watershed, Lewis and Clark County, west-central Montana, September 1998","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024072","usgsCitation":"Cleasby, T., and Nimick, D., 2002, Streamflow, water quality, and quantification of metal loading in the upper Tenmile Creek watershed, Lewis and Clark County, west-central Montana, September 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4072, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024072.","productDescription":"64 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":95931,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4072/report.pdf","size":"6381","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":163446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4072/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"1","country":"United States","state":"Minnesota ","county":"Lewis and Clark 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,{"id":33009,"text":"wri024057 - 2002 - Geohydrology and ground-water quality, Big Elk Creek Basin, Chester County, Pennsylvania, and Cecil County, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T15:40:57","indexId":"wri024057","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4057","title":"Geohydrology and ground-water quality, Big Elk Creek Basin, Chester County, Pennsylvania, and Cecil County, Maryland","docAbstract":"<p>A study of ground-water quantity and quality was conducted in the Big Elk Creek Basin, a rural area undergoing rapid growth. The 79.4-square mile study area is in the Piedmont Physiographic Province and is underlain almost entirely by crystalline rocks. Most of the basin in Pennsylvania is underlain by Wissahickon Schist, a fractured crystalline- rock aquifer. Yields of wells in the Wissahickon Schist range from 5 to 200 gal/min (gallons per minute); the median yield is 15 gal/min. Specific capacity ranges from 0.03 to 15 (gal/min)/ft (gallons per minute per foot) of drawdown; the median specific capacity is 0.4 (gal/min)/ft.</p><p>Recharge to the basin occurs by infiltration of precipitation, and ground water discharges locally to streams. The median annual ground-water discharge to streams (base flow) for 1933-99 was 10.79 in. (inches) or 0.518 (Mgal/d)/mi<sup>2</sup> (million gallons per day per square mile), which was 63 percent of the median annual streamflow. The median annual ground-water discharge to streams ranged from 5.32 in. or 0.255 (Mgal/d)/mi<sup>2</sup> in 1966 to 17.98 in. or 0.863 (Mgal/d)/mi<sup>2</sup> in 1972. Estimated ground-water availability ranges from 0.127 to 0.535 (Mgal/d)/mi<sup>2</sup>, depending on the estimation method used.</p><p>Annual water budgets were calculated for the Big Elk Creek Basin for 1998-99. The 1998-99 average annual streamflow was 15.38 in., change in ground-water storage was an increase of 1.32 in., ground-water exports were 0.03 in., and estimated evapotranspiration (ET) was 30.5 in. Despite a 12.27-in. difference in precipitation between 1998 and 1999, the percentage of precipitation as ET (65.6 and 64 percent, respectively) is similar. Estimated average annual recharge for 1998-99 was 12.12 in. [0.580 (Mgal/d)/mi<sup>2</sup>].</p><p>For this study, water samples from 20 wells in the Big Elk Creek Basin were collected for analysis for inorganic constituents and pesticides. In addition, data were available from 44 additional wells. Major ions, in order of decreasing concentration, based on median concentrations for the Wissahickon Schist, are silica, calcium, chloride, sodium, sulfate, magnesium, and potassium. The Wissahickon Schist and Peters Creek Schist have similar water types; ground water from serpentinite, the basal unit of the Baltimore Mafic Complex that straddles the Pennsylvania-Maryland border, is distinctly different. For the Wissahickon Schist and Peters Creek Schist, no cation is predominant; calcium, magnesium, and sodium are in nearly equal concentrations expressed in milliequivalents per liter. Bicarbonate is the dominant anion. Water from serpentinite is of the magnesium bicarbonate type; magnesium is the dominant cation, and bicarbonate is the dominant anion.</p><p>Water from 2 percent of sampled wells exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL) for total dissolved solids. None of the chloride or sulfate concentrations exceeded the USEPA SMCL. Water from 10 percent of sampled wells exceeded the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 mg/L (milligrams per liter) nitrate as nitrogen. All of those wells are in the Wissahickon Schist. The median concentration of nitrate in water samples from the Wissahickon Schist was 3.6 mg/L, and the maximum concentration was 36 mg/L. Except for iron and manganese, metals and other trace inorganic constituents do not appear to pose a water-quality problem. Fourteen percent of water samples analyzed for iron and 29 percent of water samples analyzed for manganese exceeded the USEPA SMCL's. The median activity of radon-222 for all formations was 2,400 pCi/L (picoCuries per liter). The median activity for water from 35 wells sampled in the Wissahickon Schist in the Big Elk Creek Basin was 2,500 pCi/L. Water from 94 percent of sampled wells exceeded the proposed USEPA MCL of 300 pCi/L, and water from 25 percent of sampled wells exceeded proposed USEPA alternate MCL of 4,000 pCi/L.</p><p>In addition to the 20 wells sampled for pesticides for this study, data were available for 20 other wells sampled for pesticides. The most commonly detected pesticides in the Big Elk Creek Basin are deethyl atrazine (71 percent of sampled wells), atrazine (35 percent of sampled wells), metolachlor (32 percent of sampled wells), carbaryl (19 percent of sampled wells), picloram (14 percent of sampled wells), simazine (13 percent of sampled wells), and carbofuran (11 percent of sampled wells). Most concentrations are extremely low and are in the parts per trillion range. Concentrations of pesticides detected did not exceed USEPA MCL’s. Out of 43 volatile organic compounds analyzed, only 4 were detected—chloroform, total phenols, tert-butyl methyl ether (MTBE), and toluene. None of the concentrations exceeded USEPA MCL’s.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024057","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Chester County Water Resources Authority and Chester County Health Department","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R.A., 2002, Geohydrology and ground-water quality, Big Elk Creek Basin, Chester County, Pennsylvania, and Cecil County, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4057, vi, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024057.","productDescription":"vi, 81 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4057/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":351231,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4057/wri20024057.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.36 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href=\"mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov\">Director</a>,<a href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\"> Pennsylvania Water Science Center</a><br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 215 Limekiln Road<br> New Cumberland, PA 17070</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Geology</li><li>Hydrology</li><li>Ground-water quality</li><li>Summary</li><li>References cited</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8d17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sloto, Ronald A. rasloto@usgs.gov","contributorId":424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"Ronald","email":"rasloto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":33010,"text":"wri024071 - 2002 - Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of organophosphate pesticides in filtered water by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-01T15:05:15.666314","indexId":"wri024071","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4071","title":"Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of organophosphate pesticides in filtered water by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection","docAbstract":"A method for the isolation of 20 parent organophosphate pesticides and 5 pesticide degradates from filtered natural-water samples is described. Seven of these compounds are reported permanently with an estimated concentration because of performance issues. Water samples are filtered to remove suspended particulate matter, and then 1 liter of filtrate is pumped through disposable solid-phase extraction columns that contain octadecyl-bonded porous silica to extract the compounds. The C-18 columns are dried with nitrogen gas, and method compounds are eluted from the columns with ethyl acetate. The extract is analyzed by dual capillary-column gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. Single-operator method detection limits in all three water-matrix samples ranged from 0.004 to 0.012 microgram per liter. Method performance was validated by spiking all compounds into three different matrices at three different concentrations. Eight replicates were analyzed at each concentration level in each matrix. Mean recoveries of method compounds spiked in surface-water samples ranged from 39 to 149 percent and those in ground-water samples ranged from 40 to 124 percent for all pesticides except dimethoate. Mean recoveries of method compounds spiked in reagent-water samples ranged from 41 to 119 percent for all pesticides except dimethoate. Dimethoate exhibited reduced recoveries (mean of 43 percent in low- and medium-concentration level spiked samples and 20 percent in high-concentration level spiked samples) in all matrices because of incomplete collection on the C-18 column. As a result, concen-trations of dimethoate and six other compounds (based on performance issues) in samples are reported in this method with an estimated remark code.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024071","usgsCitation":"Jha, V.K., and Wydoski, D.S., 2002, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of organophosphate pesticides in filtered water by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4071, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024071.","productDescription":"29 p.","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3181,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://nwql.usgs.gov/Public/pubs/WRIR02-4071.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bbfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jha, Virendra K. vkjha@usgs.gov","contributorId":4380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jha","given":"Virendra","email":"vkjha@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":209684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wydoski, Duane S. dwydoski@usgs.gov","contributorId":3734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wydoski","given":"Duane","email":"dwydoski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":209683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":33048,"text":"wri004275 - 2002 - Simulated transport and biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes in a fractured dolomite aquifer near Niagara Falls, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-23T11:41:51","indexId":"wri004275","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4275","title":"Simulated transport and biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes in a fractured dolomite aquifer near Niagara Falls, New York","docAbstract":"<p>Leakage of trichloroethene (TCE) from a neutralization pond at a former manufacturing facility near Niagara Falls, N.Y. during 1950-87 into the Guelph Formation of the Lockport Group, a fractured dolomite aquifer, created a plume of TCE and its metabolites that, by 1990, extended about 4,300 feet south of the facility. A smaller plume of dense, nonaqueous-phase liquids (DNAPL) probably serves as a continuing source of TCE. The presence of the TCE metabolites cis-1,2-dichloroethene (DCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and ethene in the plume, and the results of previous laboratory microcosm studies, indicate that the TCE is being degraded by naturally occurring microorganisms. Biodegradation rates of TCE and its metabolites were estimated through simulation with BIOMOC, a solute-transport model that represents multispecies reactions through Monod kinetics. A fracture zone in the Guelph Formation was represented as a porous medium containing an extensive, 3-foot thick layer with several interconnected fractures; this layer is bounded above and below by subhorizontal stratigraphic contacts. The Monod reaction constants were estimated through nonlinear regression to minimize the difference between computed concentrations of TCE and its metabolites, and the concentrations measured before and during 5 years of pump-and-treat remediation.</p><p>Transport simulations indicated that, by April 1998, the chlorinated ethene plume had reached a dynamic equilibrium between the rate of TCE dissolution and the rate of removal through pumping and biodegradation. Biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes at the site can be simulated as first-order reactions because the concentrations are generally less than the half-saturation constants estimated for Monod kinetics (320 mg/L for TCE, 10 mg/L for DCE, and 1 mg/L for VC). Computed degradation rates are proportional to the estimated ground-water velocity, which could vary by more than an order magnitude at the site, as indicated by the estimated range of fracture porosity--3 to 0.3 percent. Half-lives corresponding to first-order rate constants estimated for the lower velocity (5 to 15 feet per day) ranged from 21 to 25 days for TCE, 170 to 230 days for DCE, and 18 to 23 days for VC.</p><p>Chlorinated ethene concentrations of April 1998 were better reproduced when the TCE source was represented as a constant concentration than as a constant flux, because the latter predicted that the plume would dissipate after 5 years of pump-and-treat remediation. This result indicates that the rate of TCE dissolution is not limited by the mass of TCE in the DNAPL plume. Simulation of diffusion by the transport model MOC3D indicated that concentrations of these contaminants within the rock matrix surrounding the fracture zone were relatively unchanged after 5 years of pump-and-treat remediation. The principal sources of uncertainty in the prediction of biodegradation rates and of the fate of chlorinated ethenes at the site are the fracture porosity and DNAPL mass in the aquifer.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":" Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004275","collaboration":" Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Yager, R.M., 2002, Simulated transport and biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes in a fractured dolomite aquifer near Niagara Falls, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4275, vi, 55 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004275.","productDescription":"vi, 55 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324248,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4275/wri20004275.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2000-4275"},{"id":163076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4275/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Niagara Falls","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.10774230957031,\n              43.04982335155648\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.81214141845703,\n              43.04982335155648\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.81214141845703,\n              43.182899476099216\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.10774230957031,\n              43.182899476099216\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.10774230957031,\n              43.04982335155648\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, New York Water Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br>425 Jordan Rd<br> Troy, NY 12180<br> (518) 285-5695 <br> <a href=\"http://ny.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://ny.water.usgs.gov/\">http://ny.water.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Hydrogeology</li><li>Chlorinated Ethenes In Fractured-Dolomite Aquifer</li><li>Ground-Water Flow Model</li><li>Simulation Of Transport And Biodegradation Of Chlorinated Ethenes</li><li>Discussion Of Model Results</li><li>Summary And Conclusions</li><li>References</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f30fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Richard M. 0000-0001-7725-1148 ryager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-1148","contributorId":950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Richard","email":"ryager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38160,"text":"cir1220 - 2002 - The U.S. Geological Survey and the Chesapeake Bay – The role of science in environmental restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T18:01:32.37823","indexId":"cir1220","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1220","title":"The U.S. Geological Survey and the Chesapeake Bay – The role of science in environmental restoration","docAbstract":"The Chesapeake Bay is the Nation's largest estuary and historically supported one of the most productive fisheries in the world. In addition to supporting aquatic communities and wildlife, the bay's watershed serves the economic and recreational needs of 15 million people. The fertile soils of the watershed support significant agricultural production. Unfortunately, the commercial, economic, and recreational value of the bay and its watershed has been degraded by poor water quality, loss of habitat, and overharvesting of living resources. Since the early 1980's, the Chesapeake Bay Program, which is a partnership among Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania, the District of Columbia, the Federal Government, and the Chesapeake Bay Commission, has been formulating and implementing restoration goals to restore living resources, minimize habitat loss, and reduce the amount of nutrients, sediment, and toxic substances entering the bay. The U.S. Geological Survey has the critical role of providing unbiased scientific information to be used in helping to formulate, implement, and assess the effectiveness of restoration goals in the bay and its watershed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1220","usgsCitation":"Barlow, R.A., Brakebill, J.W., Bratton, J.F., Blazer, V., Bohlke, J., Bricker, O.P., Colman, S.M., Cronin, T.M., Hupp, C.R., Keough, J.R., Landwehr, J.M., Langland, M.J., Newell, W.L., Perry, M., Phillips, S.W., Preston, S.D., Rybicki, N.B., Simon, N.S., and Willard, D.A., 2002, The U.S. Geological Survey and the Chesapeake Bay – The role of science in environmental restoration: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1220, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1220.","productDescription":"32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National 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,{"id":38154,"text":"wsp2497 - 2002 - Use of stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur to identify sources of nitrogen in surface waters in the lower Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-10T09:21:39","indexId":"wsp2497","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2497","title":"Use of stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur to identify sources of nitrogen in surface waters in the lower Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"With the exception of sewage and septic effluents, most nitrogen sources and soils contain larger proportions of organic and reduced forms of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur than inorganic, oxidized forms. In contrast, most surface water and ground water contains larger proportions of dissolved inorganic carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur forms than organic forms. Data indicate that carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur are extensively processed in soils and streams.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2497","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C.A., 2002, Use of stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur to identify sources of nitrogen in surface waters in the lower Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2497, 99 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2497.","productDescription":"99 p.","numberOfPages":"99","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":162716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3459,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wsp2497/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8add","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. III, 0000-0003-3116-4684 cravotta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":2193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles","suffix":"III,","email":"cravotta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":219223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":32944,"text":"ofr02189 - 2002 - Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:09","indexId":"ofr02189","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-189","title":"Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences","docAbstract":"Data on rare earth (including yttrium) mines, deposits, and occurrences were compiled as part of an effort by the USGS and the University of Arizona Center for Mineral Resources to summarize current knowledge on the supply and demand outlook and related topics for this group of elements. Economic competition and environmental concerns are increasingly constraining the mining and processing of rare earths from the Mountain Pass mine in California. For many years, the deposit at Mountain Pass was the world's dominant source of rare earth elements and the United States was essentially self-sufficient. Starting approximately 10 years ago, the U.S. has become increasingly dependent (> 90 percent of separated rare earths) upon imports from China, now the dominant source of rare earths. A knowledge of the known economic and noneconomic sources of rare earths is basic to evaluating the outlook for rare earth supply and associated issues.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr02189","usgsCitation":"Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I., 2002, Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-189, Report: 174 p.; ReadMe; Metadata; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02189.","productDescription":"Report: 174 p.; ReadMe; Metadata; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":162988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11520,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-189/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -166.5,-41.1 ], [ -166.5,71 ], [ 175.86666666666667,71 ], [ 175.86666666666667,-41.1 ], [ -166.5,-41.1 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684cea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orris, Greta J. 0000-0002-2340-9955 greta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2340-9955","contributorId":3472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orris","given":"Greta","email":"greta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grauch, Richard I. 0000-0002-1763-0813 rgrauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-0813","contributorId":1193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"Richard","email":"rgrauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":209491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":69377,"text":"i797 - 2002 - Geologic map of the Stillwater Complex, Montana: A digital database","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":42392,"text":"ofr70253 - 1970 - Preliminary geologic map of the Stillwater complex, Montana","indexId":"ofr70253","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Stillwater complex, Montana"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":69377,"text":"i797 - 2002 - Geologic map of the Stillwater Complex, Montana: A digital database","indexId":"i797","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Stillwater Complex, Montana: A digital database"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":42899,"text":"ofr72290 - 1972 - Preliminary geologic map of the west-central and western parts of the Stillwater complex, Montana","indexId":"ofr72290","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic map of the west-central and western parts of the Stillwater complex, Montana"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":69377,"text":"i797 - 2002 - Geologic map of the Stillwater Complex, Montana: A digital database","indexId":"i797","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Stillwater Complex, Montana: A digital database"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T20:16:48.933551","indexId":"i797","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"797","title":"Geologic map of the Stillwater Complex, Montana: A digital database","docAbstract":"This report provides a digital version of the Geologic map of the Stillwater Complex, Montana by Page and Nokleberg (1974).  Paper copies of the four geologic map sheets from the original report were scanned and initially attributed by Optronics Specialty Co., Inc. (Northridge, CA) and remitted to the U.S. Geological Survey for further attribution and publication of the geospatial digital files.  The resulting digital geologic dataset can be queried in a geographic information system (GIS) in many ways to produce a variety of geological maps.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i797","usgsCitation":"Page, N.J., Nokleberg, W.J., and Miller, R., 2002, Geologic map of the Stillwater Complex, Montana: A digital database (Digital database, version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 797, Report: 29 p.; \t5 Plates: 47.62 x 30.14 inches or smaller; Readme; GIS File: Metadata Files; Geotiff Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/i797.","productDescription":"Report: 29 p.; \t5 Plates: 47.62 x 30.14 inches or smaller; Readme; GIS File: Metadata Files; Geotiff Files","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":106979,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114695.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"114695"},{"id":6326,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i797/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":188013,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":426264,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/i797_1974","text":"Original 1974 edition","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"12000","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Stillwater Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.317,\n              45.549\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.317,\n              45.315\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.717,\n              45.315\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.717,\n              45.549\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.317,\n              45.549\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Digital database, version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a58c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, Norman J.","contributorId":46492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Robert J.","contributorId":51384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robert J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70175109,"text":"70175109 - 2002 - Microphytobenthos potential productivity estimated in three tidal embayments of the San Francisco Bay system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-28T16:30:26","indexId":"70175109","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microphytobenthos potential productivity estimated in three tidal embayments of the San Francisco Bay system","docAbstract":"<p><span>In this paper we describe a three-step procedure to infer the spatial heterogeneity in microphytobenthos primary productivity at the scale of tidal estuaries and embayments. The first step involves local measurement of the carbon assimilation rate of benthic microalgae to determine the parameters of the photosynthesis-irradiance (P-E) curves (using non-linear optimization methods). In the next step, a resampling technique is used to rebuild pseudo-sampling distributions of the local productivity estimates; these provide error estimates for determining the significance level of differences between sites. The third step combines the previous results with deterministic models of tidal elevation and solar irradiance to compute mean and variance of the daily areal primary productivity over an entire intertidal mudflat area within each embayment. This scheme was applied on three different intertidal mudflat regions of the San Francisco Bay estuary during autumn 1998. Microphytobenthos productivity exhibits strong (ca. 3-fold) significant differences among the major sub-basins of San Francisco Bay. This spatial heterogeneity is attributed to two main causes: significant differences in the photosynthetic competence (P-E parameters) of the microphytobenthos in the different sub-basins, and spatial differences in the phase shifts between the tidal and solar cycles controlling the exposure of intertidal areas to sunlight. The procedure is general and can be used in other estuaries to assess the magnitude and patterns of spatial variability of microphytobenthos productivity at the level of the ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Estuarine Research Federation","doi":"10.1007/BF02695983","usgsCitation":"Guarini, J., Cloern, J.E., Edmunds, J.L., and Gros, P., 2002, Microphytobenthos potential productivity estimated in three tidal embayments of the San Francisco Bay system: Estuaries, v. 25, no. 3, p. 409-417, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02695983.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"409","endPage":"417","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325814,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.06085205078125,\n              38.1237539824224\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.06497192382811,\n              38.10754709314396\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.01278686523438,\n              38.096740502286536\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.981201171875,\n              38.11403028044574\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9976806640625,\n              38.135636748588574\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.03613281249999,\n              38.13779704369439\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.05673217773438,\n              38.13239618602296\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.06085205078125,\n              38.1237539824224\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.4920654296875,\n              38.112949789189614\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.40280151367188,\n              38.14967752360809\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.35198974609375,\n              38.12807521211548\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.48931884765626,\n              38.079446632654914\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4920654296875,\n              38.112949789189614\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.12951660156249,\n              37.49556277942662\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.09655761718749,\n              37.50645768213012\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.95648193359374,\n              37.477037796698056\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.92764282226564,\n              37.45523781879053\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.98944091796874,\n              37.42470717168675\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.06085205078125,\n              37.43343148473673\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.09930419921876,\n              37.44106442458555\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.12539672851561,\n              37.48248679787437\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.12951660156249,\n              37.49556277942662\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579b2cb1e4b0589fa1c980c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guarini, Jean-Marc","contributorId":173261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guarini","given":"Jean-Marc","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edmunds, Jody L.","contributorId":10452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmunds","given":"Jody","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gros, Philippe","contributorId":173260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gros","given":"Philippe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":69645,"text":"ha747 - 2002 - Atlas of water resources in the Black Hills area, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-28T11:00:42","indexId":"ha747","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"747","title":"Atlas of water resources in the Black Hills area, South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>The Black Hills area is an important resource center that provides an economic base for western South Dakota through tourism, agriculture, the timber industry, and mineral resources. In addition, water originating from the area is used for municipal, industrial, agricultural, and recreational purposes throughout much of western South Dakota. The Black Hills area also is an important recharge area for aquifers in the northern Great Plains.<br />Population growth, resource development, and periodic droughts have the potential to affect the quantity, quality, and availability of water within the Black Hills area. Growth has resulted in competing interests for available water supplies. The Black Hills Hydrology Study was initiated in 1990 to address these concerns. This long-term study is a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources, and the West Dakota Water Development District, which represents various local and county cooperators.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ha747","isbn":"0607975105","usgsCitation":"Carter, J.M., Driscoll, D.G., Williamson, J., and Lindquist, V.A., 2002, Atlas of water resources in the Black Hills area, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 747, 1 atlas (120 p.) : col. ill., col. maps ; 43 cm.; All sheets 11 by 17 inches (in color), https://doi.org/10.3133/ha747.","productDescription":"1 atlas (120 p.) : col. ill., col. maps ; 43 cm.; All sheets 11 by 17 inches (in color)","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6322,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/ha747/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db6693f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Janet M. 0000-0002-6376-3473 jmcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6376-3473","contributorId":339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Janet","email":"jmcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":280796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driscoll, Daniel G. dgdrisco@usgs.gov","contributorId":1558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Daniel","email":"dgdrisco@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williamson, Joyce E. jewillia@usgs.gov","contributorId":1964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Joyce E.","email":"jewillia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":280798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindquist, Van A.","contributorId":40291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindquist","given":"Van","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":33030,"text":"wri014221 - 2002 - Geohydrology, water quality, and simulation of ground-water flow in the vicinity of a former waste-oil refinery near Westville, Indiana, 1997–2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-22T10:07:25","indexId":"wri014221","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4221","displayTitle":"Geohydrology, Water Quality, and Simulation of Ground-Water Flow in the Vicinity of a Former Waste-Oil Refinery near Westville, Indiana, 1997–2000","title":"Geohydrology, water quality, and simulation of ground-water flow in the vicinity of a former waste-oil refinery near Westville, Indiana, 1997–2000","docAbstract":"<p>Geohydrologic and water-quality data collected during 1997 through 2000 in the vicinity of a former waste-oil refinery near Westville, Indiana, define a plume of 1,4-dioxane in ground water that extends to the southwest approximately 0.8 miles from the refinery site. Concentrations of 1,4-dioxane in the plume ranged from 3 to 31,000 micrograms per liter. Ground water containing 1,4-dioxane is discharged to Crumpacker Ditch, approximately one-half mile west of the refinery site. Concentrations of 1,4-dioxane detected in surface water ranged from 8 to 140 micrograms per liter; 1,4-dioxane also is transported in ground water beneath the ditch.</p><p>The study area is underlain by glacial deposits of sand and gravel that overlie lacustrine clay and shale. The sand and gravel deposits form an extensive aquifer ranging from 148 to 215 feet thick in the study area. Ground water generally flows from northeast to southwest and the depth to water ranges from about 3 to 36 feet below land surface. The average horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer, determined from a multiple-well aquifer test, was 121 feet per day, and the transmissivity was 18,600 feet squared per day. Vertical hydraulic conductivity ranged from 24 to 36 feet per day and specific yield ranged from 0.05 to 0.08. Analysis of single-well aquifer tests indicated that horizontal hydraulic conductivity ranged from 0.6 to 127 feet per day and was largest in the lower part of the aquifer. Horizontal gradients averaged about 0.001 feet per foot; estimated ground-water- flow velocities averaged about 0.1 feet per day in the upper and middle parts of the glacial aquifer and about 0.4 feet per day near the bottom of the aquifer.</p><p>Analytical results of water samples indicate the ground water generally is a calcium-bicarbonate type with a nearly neutral pH. Specific conductivity ranged from 437 to 1,030 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius in water from wells upgradient from the refinery site and 330 to 3,780 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius in water from downgradient wells. Barium, iron, manganese, nickel, and zinc commonly were detected in samples of ground water. Volatile organic compounds (including chlorinated solvents and aromatic hydrocarbons) were consistently detected in samples from shallow wells near the boundaries of the former refinery site. Concentrations of 1,4-dioxane were detected in water from wells screened in the upper, middle, and lower parts of the aquifer downgradient from the site and in samples of surface water collected approximately 5 miles downstream from where the plume intersects Crumpacker Ditch.</p><p>A three-dimensional, four layer groundwater- flow model was constructed and calibrated to match ground-water levels and streamflow measured during December 1997. The model was used to simulate possible mechanisms of contaminant release, the effect of increased pumpage from water-supply wells, and pumping at the leading edge of the plume as a possible means of remediation. Based on simulation of three waste-oil lagoons, a vertical hydraulic conductivity of 0.2 feet per day was required to move contaminants into the bottom layer of the model at a constant leakage rate of about 98 gallons per minute. Simulations of a disposal well in layer 3 of the model indicated an injection rate of 50 gallons per minute was necessary to spread contaminants vertically in the aquifer. Simulated pumping rates of about 300 and 1,000 gallons per minute were required for water supply wells at the Town of Westville and the Westville Correctional Facility to draw water from the plume of 1,4-dioxane. Simulated pumping from hypothetical wells at the leading edge of the plume indicated that three wells, each pumping 25 gallons per minute from model layer 3, would capture the plume of 1,4-dioxane.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014221","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Duwelius, R.F., Yeskis, D.J., Wilson, J.T., and Robinson, B.A., 2002, Geohydrology, water quality, and simulation of ground-water flow in the vicinity of a former waste-oil refinery near Westville, Indiana, 1997–2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4221, vii, 161 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014221.","productDescription":"vii, 161 p.","numberOfPages":"169","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4221/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":3201,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4221/wri20014221.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.54 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2001-4221"}],"scale":"1","country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Westville","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.96296691894531,\n              41.478232450820364\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.04193115234374,\n              41.597986086554684\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.80984497070312,\n              41.67496335351134\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.72590255737303,\n              41.56524291087755\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.96296691894531,\n              41.478232450820364\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_in@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_in@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water/\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water/\">Indiana Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>5957 Lakeside Blvd.<br>Indianapolis, IN 46278</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Description of Study Area</li><li>Methods of Data Collection and Analysis</li><li>Geohydrology</li><li>Water Quality</li><li>Simulation of Ground-Water Flow</li><li>Summary and Conclusions</li><li>References</li><li>Appendixes</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8766","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duwelius, Richard F.","contributorId":31378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duwelius","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yeskis, Douglas J. djyeskis@usgs.gov","contributorId":2323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeskis","given":"Douglas","email":"djyeskis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":209732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, John T. 0000-0001-6752-4069 jtwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6752-4069","contributorId":1954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"John","email":"jtwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":209731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, Bret A. barobins@usgs.gov","contributorId":3897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Bret","email":"barobins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":209733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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