The computer software described in this report is designed for processing ground penetrating radar (GPR) data on Intel-compatible personal computers running the MS-DOS operating system or MS Windows 3.x/95/98/ME/2000. The earliest versions of these programs were written starting in 1990. At that time, commercially available GPR software did not meet the processing and display requirements of the USGS. Over the years, the programs were refined and new features and programs were added. The collection of computer programs presented here can perform all basic processing of GPR data, including velocity analysis and generation of CMP stacked sections and data volumes, as well as create publication quality data images.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02166","usgsCitation":"Lucius, J.E., and Powers, M.H., 2002, GPR data processing computer software for the PC: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-166, 101 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02166.","productDescription":"101 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3363,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0166/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b15be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucius, Jeffrey E. lucius@usgs.gov","contributorId":817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucius","given":"Jeffrey","email":"lucius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":208470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powers, Michael H. 0000-0002-4480-7856 mhpowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4480-7856","contributorId":851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Michael","email":"mhpowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":32363,"text":"ofr0249 - 2002 - Aeromagnetic survey of Medina and Uvalde counties, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T18:58:14.876635","indexId":"ofr0249","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-49","title":"Aeromagnetic survey of Medina and Uvalde counties, Texas","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0249","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.V., Smith, B.D., and Hill, P.L., 2002, Aeromagnetic survey of Medina and Uvalde counties, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-49, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0249.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163929,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3344,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0049/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Medina, Uvalde","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689d38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, David V. 0000-0003-0426-4401 dvsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0426-4401","contributorId":1306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"dvsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, Pat L.","contributorId":35784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Pat","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":32380,"text":"ofr02184 - 2002 - Modified Mercalli intensities (MMI) for large earthquakes near New Madrid, Missouri, in 1811-1812 and near Charleston, South Carolina, in 1886","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T21:06:20.694379","indexId":"ofr02184","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-184","title":"Modified Mercalli intensities (MMI) for large earthquakes near New Madrid, Missouri, in 1811-1812 and near Charleston, South Carolina, in 1886","docAbstract":"Large historical earthquakes occurred in the eastern United States on December 16, 1811 near New Madrid, MO, on January 23, 1812 near New Madrid, MO, on February 7, 1812 near New Madrid, MO, and on September 1, 1886 near Charleston, SC. Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) assignments for these earthquakes were used by Bakun et al. (submitted) to estimate the location and moment magnitude M of these earthquakes from MMI observations. The MMI assignments used by Bakun et al. (submitted) are listed in this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02184","usgsCitation":"Bakun, W.H., Johnston, A.C., and Hopper, M.G., 2002, Modified Mercalli intensities (MMI) for large earthquakes near New Madrid, Missouri, in 1811-1812 and near Charleston, South Carolina, in 1886: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-184, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02184.","productDescription":"31 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":166635,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02184.jpg"},{"id":415890,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51541.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283715,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0184/pdf/of02-184.pdf"},{"id":3365,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0184/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri, South Carolina","city":"Charleston, New Madrid","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.42290520540121,\n 36.8082963196958\n ],\n [\n -89.97676652775205,\n 36.8082963196958\n ],\n [\n -89.97676652775205,\n 36.417218605917114\n ],\n [\n -89.42290520540121,\n 36.417218605917114\n ],\n [\n -89.42290520540121,\n 36.8082963196958\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.09420544548885,\n 32.92048237667073\n ],\n [\n -80.09420544548885,\n 32.66546855991345\n ],\n [\n -79.72879486352295,\n 32.66546855991345\n ],\n [\n -79.72879486352295,\n 32.92048237667073\n ],\n [\n -80.09420544548885,\n 32.92048237667073\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db627409","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakun, W. 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G.","contributorId":39389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopper","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":32382,"text":"ofr02200 - 2002 - AVIRIS data calibration information: Oquirrh and East Tintic mountains, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T15:31:37","indexId":"ofr02200","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-200","title":"AVIRIS data calibration information: Oquirrh and East Tintic mountains, Utah","docAbstract":"The information contained herein pertains to the original reflectance calibration derived solely from the Saltair beach site on the shores of Great Salt Lake. The reflectance data derived from this calibration becomes markedly affected by residual absorptions due to atmospheric water vapor and carbon dioxide within short horizontal and vertical distances from the calibration site due to the presence of what is believed to be a distinct microclimate by the lake. Subsequent to the development of this web site, a new reflectance calibration was derived which mitigated these effects. Reflectance spectra of bright areas of known composition in the East Tintic Mountains, far from Great Salt Lake, were sampled from the calibrated high altitude AVIRIS data cubes and edited, or \"polished,\" to identify artifacts related to residual absorptions of atmospheric gases, particulates, and sensor noise. The subtle artifacts identified in this way were incorporated into the multiplier spectra derived from the original calibration site, generating new multiplier spectra that were used to re-calibrate the ATREM- and path radiance-corrected cubes to reflectance. This process generated a reflectance calibration customized for the Oquirrh/East Tintic Mountain region.
Program pick_sw is used to interactively pick travel times from S-wave data. It is assumed that the data are collected using 2 shots of opposite polarity at each shot location. The traces must be in either the SEG-2 format or the SU format. The program is written in the IDL and C programming languages, and the program is executed under the Windows operating system. (The program may also execute under other operating systems like UNIX if the C language functions are re-compiled).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr02176","usgsCitation":"Ellefsen, K.J., 2002, Pick_sw: a program for interactive picking of S-wave data, version 2.00: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-176, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02176.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3364,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0176/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68590b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellefsen, Karl J. 0000-0003-3075-4703 ellefsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"Karl","email":"ellefsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":82803,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":208472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32381,"text":"ofr02199 - 2002 - AVIRIS data calibration information: Wasatch Mountains and Park City region, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T15:27:37","indexId":"ofr02199","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-199","title":"AVIRIS data calibration information: Wasatch Mountains and Park City region, Utah","docAbstract":"This report contains information regarding the reflectance calibration of spectroscopic imagery acquired over the Wasatch Mountains and Park City region, Utah, by the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) sensor on August 5, 1998. This information was used by the USGS Spectroscopy Laboratory to calibrate the Park City AVIRIS imagery to unitless reflectance prior to spectral analysis. The Utah AVIRIS data were analyzed as a part of the USEPA-USGS Utah Abandoned Mine Lands Imaging Spectroscopy Project.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02199","usgsCitation":"Rockwell, B.W., Clark, R.N., Livo, K., McDougal, R., and Kokaly, R., 2002, AVIRIS data calibration information: Wasatch Mountains and Park City region, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-199, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02199.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3366,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0199/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b14e4b07f02db6a479f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rockwell, Barnaby W. 0000-0002-9549-0617 barnabyr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9549-0617","contributorId":2195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Barnaby","email":"barnabyr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Livo, K. Eric 0000-0001-7331-8130","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":26338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"K. Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDougal, Robert R.","contributorId":53418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougal","given":"Robert R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":81442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70185171,"text":"70185171 - 2002 - Evaluating behavior of oxygen, nitrate, and sulfate during recharge and quantifying reduction rates in a contaminated aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T09:48:16","indexId":"70185171","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating behavior of oxygen, nitrate, and sulfate during recharge and quantifying reduction rates in a contaminated aquifer","docAbstract":"This study evaluates the biogeochemical changes that occur when recharge water comes in contact with a reduced aquifer. It specifically addresses (1) which reactions occur in situ, (2) the order in which these reactions will occur if terminal electron acceptors (TEAs) are introduced simultaneously, (3) the rates of these reactions, and (4) the roles of the aqueous and solid-phase portions of the aquifer. Recharge events of waters containing various combinations of O2, NO3, and SO4 were simulated at a shallow sandy aquifer contaminated with waste fuels and chlorinated solvents using modified push−pull tests to quantify rates. In situ rate constants for aerobic respiration (14.4 day -1), denitrification (5.04−7.44 day-1), and sulfate reduction (4.32−6.48 day-1) were estimated. Results show that when introduced together, NO3 and SO4can be consumed simultaneously at similar rates. To distinguish the role of aqueous phase from that of the solid phase of the aquifer, groundwater was extracted, amended with NO3 and SO4, and monitored over time. Results indicate that neither NO3 nor SO4 was reduced during the course of the aqueous-phase study, suggesting that NO3 and SO4 can behave conservatively in highly reduced water. It is clear that sediments and their associated microbial communities are important in driving redox reactions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es015615q","usgsCitation":"McGuire, J., Long, D.T., Klug, M.J., Haack, S.K., and Hyndman, D.W., 2002, Evaluating behavior of oxygen, nitrate, and sulfate during recharge and quantifying reduction rates in a contaminated aquifer: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 12, p. 2993-2700, https://doi.org/10.1021/es015615q.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"2993","endPage":"2700","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337676,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-04-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52d4e4b0849ce97c86f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuire, Jennifer T.","contributorId":53979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Jennifer T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, David T.","contributorId":20364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klug, Michael J.","contributorId":20930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klug","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haack, Sheridan K. skhaack@usgs.gov","contributorId":1982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"Sheridan","email":"skhaack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hyndman, David W.","contributorId":7868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyndman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70242861,"text":"70242861 - 2002 - Black carbon from the Mississippi river: Quantities, sources, and potential implications for the global carbon cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-20T15:09:54.93942","indexId":"70242861","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-18T09:30:01","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5925,"text":"Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Black carbon from the Mississippi river: Quantities, sources, and potential implications for the global carbon cycle","docAbstract":"Black carbon (BC) may be a major component of riverine carbon exported to the ocean, but its flux from large rivers is unknown. Furthermore, the global distribution of BC between natural and anthropogenic sources remains uncertain. We have determined BC concentrations in suspended sediments of the Mississippi River, the 7th largest river in the world in terms of sediment and water discharge, during high flow and low flow in 1999. The 1999 annual flux of BC from the Mississippi River was 5 × 10-4 petagrams (1 Pg = 1015 g = 1 gigaton). We also applied a principal components analysis to particulate-phase high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon isomer ratios in Mississippi River suspended sediments. In doing so, we determined that ∼27% of the BC discharged from the Mississippi River in 1999 originated from fossil fuel combustion (coal and smelter-derived combustion), implicating fluvial BC as an important source of anthropogenic BC contamination into the ocean. Using our value for BC flux and the annual estimate for BC burial in ocean sediments, we calculate that, in 1999, the Mississippi River discharged ∼5% of the BC buried annually in the ocean. These results have important implications, not only for the global carbon cycle but also for the fluvial discharge of particulate organic contaminants into the world's oceans.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es015834b","usgsCitation":"Mitra, S., Bianchi, T.S., McKee, B.A., and Sutula, M., 2002, Black carbon from the Mississippi river: Quantities, sources, and potential implications for the global carbon cycle: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 36, no. 11, p. 2296-2302, https://doi.org/10.1021/es015834b.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2296","endPage":"2302","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416069,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Lower Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.5,\n 30\n ],\n [\n -90.5,\n 28.5\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 28.5\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 30\n ],\n [\n -90.5,\n 30\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-04-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitra, Siddhartha","contributorId":97608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitra","given":"Siddhartha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12616,"text":"Dept of Geological Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bianchi, Thomas S.","contributorId":150225,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bianchi","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":17943,"text":"Univ of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKee, Brent A.","contributorId":70711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":870036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutula, Martha","contributorId":191008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sutula","given":"Martha","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":870037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70180723,"text":"70180723 - 2002 - U. S. Geological Survey water resources programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T16:22:16","indexId":"70180723","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesNumber":"323","title":" U. S. Geological Survey water resources programs","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"46th annual New Mexico water conference","conferenceTitle":"46th annual New Mexico water conference","publisher":"New Mexico Water Resources Research Institute, in cooperation with Geoscience Dep. and Geophysical Research Center, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology ","publisherLocation":"Las Cruces, NM","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R.M., 2002, U. S. Geological Survey water resources programs, in 46th annual New Mexico water conference, p. 11-20.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":334521,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0aae4b072a7ac129903","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32337,"text":"ds71 - 2002 - Surficial geologic maps along the riparian zone of the Animas River and its headwater tributaries, Silverton to Durango, Colorado, with upper Animas River watershed gradient profiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T06:30:07","indexId":"ds71","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-09T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71","title":"Surficial geologic maps along the riparian zone of the Animas River and its headwater tributaries, Silverton to Durango, Colorado, with upper Animas River watershed gradient profiles","docAbstract":"This product consists of Adobe Acrobat .PDF format documents for 10 surficial geologic strip maps along the Animas River watershed from its major headwater tributaries, south to Durango, Colorado. The Animas River originates in the San Juan Mountains north of the historic mining town of Silverton, Colorado. The surficial geologic maps identify surficial deposits, such as flood-plain and terrace gravels, alluvial fans, glacial till, talus, colluvium, landslides, and bogs. Sixteen primary units were mapped that included human-related deposits and structures, eight alluvial, four colluvial, one glacial, travertine deposits, and undifferentiated bedrock. Each of the surficial geologic strip maps has .PDF links to surficial geology photographs, which enable the user to take a virtual tour of these deposits. Geochemical data collected from mapped surficial deposits that pre- and postdate mining activity have aided in determining the geochemical baseline in the watershed. Several photographs with their corresponding geochemical baseline profiles are accessible through .PDF links from several of the maps. A single coverage for all surficial deposits mapped is included as an ArcInfo shape file as an Arc Export format .e00 file. A gradient map for major headwater tributary streams to the Animas River is also included. The gradient map has stream segments that are color-coded based on relative variations in slope and .PDF format links to each stream gradient profile. Stream gradients were derived from U.S. Geological Survey 10-m digital elevation model data. This project was accomplished in support of the U.S. Geological Survey's Abandoned Mine Lands Initiative in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds71","usgsCitation":"Blair, R.W., Yager, D.B., and Church, S.E., 2002, Surficial geologic maps along the riparian zone of the Animas River and its headwater tributaries, Silverton to Durango, Colorado, with upper Animas River watershed gradient profiles: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS-71, 5 p., 12 pls.","productDescription":"Report: i, 3 p.; Metadata; ReadMe; Spatial Data","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-071/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":369930,"rank":4,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-071/readme.txt","text":"Read Me","size":"12 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"DDS-71 Read Me"},{"id":370014,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-071/dds71.pdf","text":"Report","size":"732 kB ","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DDS-71"},{"id":369959,"rank":6,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-071/coverages/coverages.zip","text":"Coverages","size":"3.13 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"DDS-71 Coverages"},{"id":369957,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-071/metadata/dds_71_metadata.txt","text":"Metadata","size":"20 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"DDS-71 Metadata"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.85083333333333,37.28472222222222 ], [ -107.85083333333333,37.933611111111105 ], [ -107.55,37.933611111111105 ], [ -107.55,37.28472222222222 ], [ -107.85083333333333,37.28472222222222 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Director, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-973
Denver, CO 80225-0046
A recent national sampling of streams in the United States revealed low methyl mercury concentrations in surface waters. The resulting median and mean concentrations, calculated from 104 samples, were 0.06 nanograms per liter (ng/L) and 0.15 ng/L, respectively. This level of methyl mercury in surface water in the United States has created a need for analytical techniques capable of detecting sub-nanogram per liter concentrations. In an attempt to create a U.S. Geological Survey approved method, the Wisconsin District Mercury Laboratory has adapted a distillation/ethylation/ gas-phase separation method with cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectroscopy detection for the determination of methyl mercury in filtered and unfiltered waters. This method is described in this report. Based on multiple analyses of surface water and ground-water samples, a method detection limit of 0.04 ng/L was established. Precision and accuracy were evaluated for the method using both spiked and unspiked ground-water and surface-water samples. The percent relative standard deviations ranged from 10.2 to 15.6 for all analyses at all concentrations. Average recoveries obtained for the spiked matrices ranged from 88.8 to 117 percent. The precision and accuracy ranges are within the acceptable method-performance limits. Considering the demonstrated detection limit, precision, and accuracy, the method is an effective means to quantify methyl mercury in waters at or below environmentally relevant concentrations
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr2001445","usgsCitation":"De Wild, J.F., Olsen, M.L., and Olund, S.D., 2002, Determination of methyl mercury by aqueous phase ethylation, followed by gas chromatographic separation with cold vapor atomic fluorescence detection (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-445, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2001445.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161074,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":309893,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-445/pdf/ofr01445v1.pdf"},{"id":11809,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-445/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66797c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Wild, John F.","contributorId":31800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Wild","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, Mark L.","contributorId":63852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olund, Shane D.","contributorId":94352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olund","given":"Shane","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31592,"text":"ofr0273 - 2002 - Investigation of an earthquake swarm near Trinidad, Colorado, August-October 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-14T20:48:14.467523","indexId":"ofr0273","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-73","title":"Investigation of an earthquake swarm near Trinidad, Colorado, August-October 2001","docAbstract":"A swarm of 12 widely felt earthquakes occurred between August 28 and September 21, 2001, in the area west of the town of Trinidad, Colorado. The earthquakes ranged in magnitude between 2.8 and 4.6, and the largest event occurred on September 5, eight days after the initial M 3.4 event. The nearest permanent seismograph station to the swarm is about 290 km away, resulting in large uncertainties in the location and depth of these events. To better locate and characterize the earthquakes in this swarm, we deployed a total of 12 portable seismographs in the area of the swarm starting on September 6. Here we report on data from this portable network that was recorded between September 7 and October 15. During this time period, we have high-quality data from 39 earthquakes. The hypocenters of these earthquakes cluster to define a 6 km long northeast-trending fault plane that dips steeply (70-80?) to the southeast. The upper bound of well-constrained hypocenters is near 3 km depth and lower bound is near 6 km depth. Preliminary fault mechanisms suggest normal faulting with movement down to the southeast.\n\nSignificant historical earthquakes have occurred in the Trinidad region in 1966 and 1973. Reexamination of felt reports from these earthquakes suggest that the 1973 events may have occurred in the same area, and possibly on the same fault, as the 2001 swarm. \n\nIn recent years, a large volume of excess water that is produced in conjunction with coal-bed methane gas production has been returned to the subsurface in fluid disposal wells in the area of the earthquake swarm. Because of the proximity of these disposal wells to the earthquakes, local residents and officials are concerned that the fluid disposal might have triggered the earthquakes. We have evaluated the characteristics of the seismicity using criteria proposed by Davis and Frohlich (1993) as diagnostic of seismicity induced by fluid injection. We conclude that the characteristics of the seismicity and the fluid disposal process do not constitute strong evidence that the seismicity is induced by the fluid disposal, though they do not rule out this possibility.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0273","usgsCitation":"Meremonte, M.E., Lahr, J.C., Frankel, A.D., Dewey, J.W., Crone, A.J., Overturf, D.E., Carver, D.L., and Bice., W.T., 2002, Investigation of an earthquake swarm near Trinidad, Colorado, August-October 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-73, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0273.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336950,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":414136,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49796.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":336946,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0073/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Trinidad","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.6475,\n 37.1619\n ],\n [\n -104.7431,\n 37.1619\n ],\n [\n -104.7431,\n 37.095\n ],\n [\n -104.6475,\n 37.095\n ],\n [\n -104.6475,\n 37.1619\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4804e4b07f02db4ce86b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meremonte, Mark E. meremonte@usgs.gov","contributorId":4664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meremonte","given":"Mark","email":"meremonte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":511079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lahr, John C.","contributorId":20328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahr","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":511081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frankel, Arthur D. 0000-0001-9119-6106 afrankel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":1363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","email":"afrankel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":511078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dewey, James W. 0000-0001-8838-2450 jdewey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8838-2450","contributorId":5819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"James","email":"jdewey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":511080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crone, Anthony J. 0000-0002-3006-406X crone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3006-406X","contributorId":790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crone","given":"Anthony","email":"crone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":511077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Overturf, Dee E.","contributorId":72427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overturf","given":"Dee","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":511083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Carver, David L.","contributorId":56644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carver","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":511082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bice., W. Thomas","contributorId":116644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bice.","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":511084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":31593,"text":"ofr200274 - 2002 - Petrographic and Geochemical Characterization of Ore-Bearing Intrusions of the Noril'sk type, Siberia; With Discussion of Their Origin, Including Additional Datasets and Core Logs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:09","indexId":"ofr200274","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-74","title":"Petrographic and Geochemical Characterization of Ore-Bearing Intrusions of the Noril'sk type, Siberia; With Discussion of Their Origin, Including Additional Datasets and Core Logs","docAbstract":"The Noril'sk I, Talnakh, and Kharaelakh intrusions of the Noril'sk district host one of the outstanding metal concentrations in the world; contained Cu-Ni resources are comparable to the deposits at Sudbury, Ontario and the platinum group element (PGE) resource is second only to that of the Bushveld Complex. Our opportunity to cooperatively sample and study this district in Siberian Russia arose in 1990 through a memorandum of understanding between the U.S. Geological Survey and the former Ministry of Geology of the U.S.S.R. The world-class significance of these deposits and the possibility that understanding their geologic context, including construction of a credible 'ore-deposit model,' will lead to discovery of similar deposits elsewhere, inspired extensive studies of the ores, the mafic-intrusions which host them, and associated flood basalts.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr200274","usgsCitation":"Czamanske, G.K., 2002, Petrographic and Geochemical Characterization of Ore-Bearing Intrusions of the Noril'sk type, Siberia; With Discussion of Their Origin, Including Additional Datasets and Core Logs (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-74, Log Files; Text Files; Data Files; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr200274.","productDescription":"Log Files; Text Files; Data Files; Tables","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12859,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-074/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 85,68 ], [ 85,71 ], [ 91,71 ], [ 91,68 ], [ 85,68 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687f5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Czamanske, Gerald K. 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0275","usgsCitation":"Dashevsky, S., 2002, Alaska resource data file: Norton Bay quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-75, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0275.","productDescription":"27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160804,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":493046,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0075/ofr0275.pdf","text":"Report","size":"191 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":389309,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_50927.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2861,"rank":4,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Norton Bay quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -159,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -159,\n 65.0\n ],\n [\n -162,\n 65.0\n ],\n [\n -162,\n 64\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688e12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dashevsky, S.S.","contributorId":81955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dashevsky","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31597,"text":"ofr0290 - 2002 - Trace, minor and major element data for ground water near Fairbanks, Alaska, 1999-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-19T19:40:47","indexId":"ofr0290","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-90","title":"Trace, minor and major element data for ground water near Fairbanks, Alaska, 1999-2000","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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(submitted) to develop a model for eastern North America for estimating the location and moment magnitude M of earthquakes from MMI observations. MMI assignments for most of the earthquakes considered by Bakun et al. (submitted) are published. MMI assignments for 6 other earthquakes used by Bakun et al. (submitted) are listed in this report: November 18, 1755 near Cape Ann, Massachusetts; January 5, 1843 near Marked Tree, Arkansas; October 31, 1895 in southern Illinois; November 18, 1929 on the Grand Banks, Newfoundland; September 26, 1990 in southeast Missouri; and May 4, 1991 near Risco, Missouri. MMI empirical site corrections developed and used by Bakun et al. (submitted) are also listed in this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02109","usgsCitation":"Bakun, W.H., Johnston, A.C., and Hopper, M.G., 2002, Modified Mercalli Intensities (MMI) for some earthquakes in eastern North America (ENA) and empirical MMI site corrections for towns in ENA: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-109, Report: 71 p.; Tables 1-7; Explanation for Tables 1-6; Explanation for Table 7; References, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02109.","productDescription":"Report: 71 p.; Tables 1-7; Explanation for Tables 1-6; Explanation for Table 7; References","numberOfPages":"72","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02109.jpg"},{"id":2871,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0109/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283438,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0109/pdf/of02-109.pdf"}],"country":"Canada;United States","state":"Arkansas;Illinois;Massachusetts;Missouri;Newfoundland","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.05,32.92 ], [ -96.05,52.37 ], [ -50.04,52.37 ], [ -50.04,32.92 ], [ -96.05,32.92 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699447","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, A. C.","contributorId":85574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hopper, M. G.","contributorId":39389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopper","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31574,"text":"ofr0221 - 2002 - Geologic map of the Corona South 7.5' quadrangle, Riverside and Orange counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T16:02:03.558786","indexId":"ofr0221","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-21","title":"Geologic map of the Corona South 7.5' quadrangle, Riverside and Orange counties, California","docAbstract":"Open-File Report 01-021 contains a digital geologic map database of the Corona South 7.5’ quadrangle, Riverside County, California that includes:
\n1. ARC/INFO (Environmental Systems Research Institute, http://www.esri.com) version 7.2.1 coverages of the various elements of the geologic map.
\n2. A Postscript file to plot the geologic map on a topographic base, and containing a Correlation of Map Units diagram (CMU), a Description of Map Units (DMU), and an index map.
\n3. Portable Document Format (.pdf) files of:
\na. A Readme file; includes in Appendix I, data contained in crs_met.txt
\n\nb. The same graphic as plotted in 2 above. Test plots have not produced 1:24,000-scale map sheets. Adobe Acrobat page size setting influences map scale.
The Correlation of Map Units and Description of Map Units is in the editorial format of USGS Geologic Investigations Series (I-series) maps but has not been edited to comply with I-map standards. Within the geologic map data package, map units are identified by standard geologic map criteria such as formation-name, age, and lithology. Where known, grain size is indicated on the map by a subscripted letter or letters following the unit symbols as follows: lg, large boulders; b, boulder; g, gravel; a, arenaceous; s, silt; c, clay; e.g. Qyfa is a predominantly young alluvial fan deposit that is arenaceous. Multiple letters are used for more specific identification or for mixed units, e.g., Qfysa is a silty sand. In some cases, mixed units are indicated by a compound symbol; e.g., Qyf2sc. Marine deposits are in part overlain by local, mostly alluvial fan, deposits and are labeled Qomf. Grain size follows f.
\nEven though this is an Open-File Report and includes the standard USGS Open-File disclaimer, the report closely adheres to the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey. Descriptions of units can be obtained by viewing or plotting the .pdf file (3b above) or plotting the postscript file (2 above).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0221","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with California Division of Mines and Geology","usgsCitation":"Gray, C.H., Morton, D.M., Weber, F.H., Bovard, K.R., and O'Brien, T., 2002, Geologic map of the Corona South 7.5' quadrangle, Riverside and Orange counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-21, Map: 52.0 x 34.0 inches; Readme: PDF, 19 p.; Readme: TXT; Metadata; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0221.","productDescription":"Map: 52.0 x 34.0 inches; Readme: PDF, 19 p.; Readme: TXT; Metadata; Database","numberOfPages":"19","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161145,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr0221.jpg"},{"id":2813,"rank":9,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0021/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283388,"rank":8,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0021/pdf/README.pdf"},{"id":283389,"rank":7,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0021/README.txt"},{"id":283390,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0021/crs_met.txt"},{"id":283391,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0021/crs.tar.gz"},{"id":283392,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0021/symbols.tar.gz"},{"id":283393,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0021/pdf/crs_map.pdf","text":"Plate 1"},{"id":283394,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0021/crs_map.ps.gz"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic projection","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Orange County, Riverside County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.625,33.75 ], [ -117.625,33.875 ], [ -117.5,33.875 ], [ -117.5,33.75 ], [ -117.625,33.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a141","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, C. H. Jr.","contributorId":8901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton, Douglas M. scamp@usgs.gov","contributorId":4102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Douglas","email":"scamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":206426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weber, F. Harold Jr.","contributorId":10466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Harold","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bovard, Kelly R.","contributorId":49009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bovard","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O'Brien, Timothy","contributorId":47838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Brien","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":31576,"text":"ofr0228 - 2002 - Arsenic in rocks and stream sediments of the central Appalachian Basin, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T11:36:23","indexId":"ofr0228","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-28","title":"Arsenic in rocks and stream sediments of the central Appalachian Basin, Kentucky","docAbstract":"Arsenic (As) enrichment in coal and stream sediments has been documented in the southern Appalachian basin (see Goldhaber and others, submitted) and is attributed to interaction of rocks and coal with metamorphic fluids generated during the Allegheny Orogeny (late Paleozoic). Similarly derived fluids are expected to affect the coal and in the Kentucky Appalachian Basin to the north as well. In addition, similar processes may have influenced the Devonian oil shale on the western margin of the basin. The major goals of this study are to determine the effect such fluids had on rocks in the Kentucky Appalachian basin (fig. 1), and to understand the geochemical processes that control trace-metal source, residence, and mobility within the basin. This report includes data presented in a poster at the USGS workshop on arsenic (February 21 and 22, 2001), new NURE stream sediment data3 , and field data from a trip in April 2001. Although data for major and minor elements and all detectable trace metals are reported in the Appendices, the narrative of this report primarily focuses on arsenic.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0228","usgsCitation":"Tuttle, M.L., Goldhaber, M.B., Ruppert, L.F., and Hower, J., 2002, Arsenic in rocks and stream sediments of the central Appalachian Basin, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-28, 166 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0228.","productDescription":"166 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2815,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0028/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db672d08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tuttle, Michele L.W. mtuttle@usgs.gov","contributorId":47839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"Michele","email":"mtuttle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldhaber, Martin B. 0000-0002-1785-4243 mgold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":1339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"Martin","email":"mgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruppert, Leslie F. 0000-0002-7453-1061 lruppert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-1061","contributorId":660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"Leslie","email":"lruppert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hower, James C. 0000-0003-4694-2776","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4694-2776","contributorId":34561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hower","given":"James C.","affiliations":[{"id":16123,"text":"University of Kentucky, Center for Applied Energy Research, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY 40511, United States.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":206437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":31577,"text":"ofr0229 - 2002 - Historical trends in U.S. mineral statistics for selected non-ferrous metals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T15:25:03.56907","indexId":"ofr0229","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-29","title":"Historical trends in U.S. mineral statistics for selected non-ferrous metals","docAbstract":"Production figures for selected nonferrous metals-aluminum (including bauxite and alumina), copper, lead, tin, titanium, and zinc-by the United States, as well as other statistics for these commodities, show strong volatility during 20th century. Major shifts were driven by the Great Depression and the two World Wars, but other major temporal changes are also noted that are not directly related to such global crises. For example, the price of tin exhibited a strong maximum in the 1980's, which is unrelated to world production, but rather to failed efforts of the International Tin Council to control price. In the case of copper, U.S. exports have varied throughout the second half of the century, by more than a factor of 5. Such volatility might be explained in part by global economic conditions, at least throughout recent decades. Supporting the interpretation of the importance of foreign pressure on the domestic commodities market is a close correlation between domestic consumption of antimony and its elevated price in the mid 1980's,possibly pushed up mostly by the world dominance in production of this commodity by China. However, only very superficial explanations can be advanced for such relations before we have examined, in concert, information for a much larger suite of commodities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0229","usgsCitation":"Piper, D.Z., and Nokleberg, W.J., 2002, Historical trends in U.S. mineral statistics for selected non-ferrous metals: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-29, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0229.","productDescription":"41 p.","numberOfPages":"41","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283395,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0029/figsandtabs.htm"},{"id":59808,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0029/pdf/of02-29.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":2816,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0029/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161148,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0029/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c100","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piper, David Z. dzpiper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piper","given":"David","email":"dzpiper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}