Field measurements and bioassay experiments were done to investigate the effects of arsenic and phosphorus interactions on sorption of these solutes by the benthic flora (periphyton and submerged macrophytes) in Whitewood Creek, a stream in western South Dakota. Short-term (24-hour) sorption experiments were used to determine arsenic transport characteristics for algae (first-order rate constants for solute sorption, biomass, and accumulation factors) collected in the creek along a transect beginning upstream from a mine discharge point and downgradient through a 57-kilometer reach. Temporal changes in biomass differed significantly between and within sampling sites. Arsenic concentrations in plant tissue increased with distance downstream, but temporal changes in concentrations in tissues differed considerably from site to site. Cultures of Achnanthes minutissima(Bacillariophyceae) and Stichococcus sp. (Chlorophyceae) were isolated from four sites along a longitudinal concentration gradient of dissolved arsenic within the study reach and were maintained at ambient solute concentrations. Arsenic accumulation factors and sorption-rate constants for these isolates were determined as a function of dissolved arsenate and orthophosphate. Cell surfaces of algal isolates exhibited preferential orthophosphate sorption over arsenate. Initial sorption of both arsenate and orthophosphate followed first-order mass transfer for each culturing condition. Although sorption-rate constants increased slightly with increased dissolved-arsenate concentration, algae, isolated from a site with elevated dissolved arsenic in the stream channel, had a significantly slower rate of arsenic sorption compared with the same species isolated from an uncontaminated site upstream. In diel studies, amplitudes of the pH cycles increased with measured biomass except at a site immediately downstream from water-treatment-plant discharge. Inorganic pentavalent arsenic dominated arsenic speciation at all sites—not a surprising result for the well-oxygenated water column along this reach. Concentration fluctuations in dissolved-arsenic species lagged pH fluctuations by approximately 3 hours at the most downstream site, but no discernible lag was observed at an artificially pooled area with an order of magnitude higher biomass. Furthermore, the amplitudes of diel fluctuations in arsenic species were greater at the pooled area than at the most downstream site. Lack of correspondence between changes in dissolved-orthophosphate concentrations and arsenic species may have resulted from preferential sorption of orthophosphate over arsenate by the biomass. Based on carbon-fixation estimates, the phosphorus demand from photosynthetic activity required water-column concentrations to be supplemented by another source such as phosphate regeneration within the benthic community or desorption of particle-bound phosphate.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Toxic substances in surface waters and sediments: A study to assess the effects of arsenic-contaminated alluvial sediment in Whitewood Creek, South Dakota","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J.S., Chang, C., and Pasilis, S., 2004, Effects of benthic fauna on arsenic transport in Whitewood Creek, South Dakota, chap. of Toxic substances in surface waters and sediments: A study to assess the effects of arsenic-contaminated alluvial sediment in Whitewood Creek, South Dakota, p. 1-26.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"26","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357363,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Whitewood Creek","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10e878e4b034bf6a800f6e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745129,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745130,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chang, C.C.Y.","contributorId":147324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chang","given":"C.C.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pasilis, S.P.","contributorId":26082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pasilis","given":"S.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70199400,"text":"70199400 - 2004 - Porosity and pore-size distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-17T08:47:48","indexId":"70199400","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T08:45:25","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Porosity and pore-size distribution","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of soils in the environment","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1016/B0-12-348530-4/00404-5","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., 2004, Porosity and pore-size distribution, chap. of Encyclopedia of soils in the environment, v. 3, p. 295-303, https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-348530-4/00404-5.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"303","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10e878e4b034bf6a800f71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70198697,"text":"70198697 - 2004 - Using geochemical data and aquifer simulation to characterize recharge and groundwater flow in the Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-22T17:54:20.437775","indexId":"70198697","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T08:36:18","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Using geochemical data and aquifer simulation to characterize recharge and groundwater flow in the Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Groundwater recharge in a desert environment: The southwestern United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., Sanford, W.E., Bexfield, L.M., Anderholm, S.K., and Busenberg, E., 2004, Using geochemical data and aquifer simulation to characterize recharge and groundwater flow in the Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico, chap. of Groundwater recharge in a desert environment: The southwestern United States, v. 9, p. 185-216.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"216","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":379660,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118665664.ch11"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Middle Rio Grande Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.5,34.25 ], [ -107.5,35.75 ], [ -106.0,35.75 ], [ -106.0,34.25 ], [ -107.5,34.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10e878e4b034bf6a800f74","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hogan, James F.","contributorId":30533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"James F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742622,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Fred M.","contributorId":57957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742623,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742624,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bexfield, Laura M. 0000-0002-1789-654X bexfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-654X","contributorId":1273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"Laura","email":"bexfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderholm, Scott K.","contributorId":69912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderholm","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70198695,"text":"70198695 - 2004 - Selenium loading through the Blackfoot River watershed--linking sources to ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T08:25:44","indexId":"70198695","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T08:22:35","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"16","title":"Selenium loading through the Blackfoot River watershed--linking sources to ecosystem","docAbstract":"The upper Blackfoot River watershed in southeast Idaho receives drainage from 11 of 16 phosphate mines that have extracted ore from the Phosphoria Formation, three of which are presently active. Toxic effects from selenium (Se), including death of livestock and deformity in aquatic birds, were documented locally in areas where phosphatic shales are exposed (Piper et al., 2000; Presser et al., Chapter 11). Current drainage conditions are leading to Se bioaccumulation at concentrations that pose a risk to fish in the Blackfoot River and its tributaries (Hamilton et al., Chapter 18). A gaging station on the Blackfoot River was re-activated in April 2001 to assess hydrologic conditions and concentration, load, and speciation for Se discharges on a watershed scale. The gaging-station data are considered to represent regional drainage conditions in the upper Blackfoot River water- shed because of its location near the outlet of the watershed and directly upstream of the Blackfoot Reservoir.
Watershed discharges for 2001 and 2002 were below minimum hydrologic conditions for the gage as documented by the historical record. Drought emergencies were declared in the area in both 2001 and 2002. Unmonitored diversions for irrigation that routinely take place during the snowmelt season also affected conditions downstream. Annual cycles in Se concentration, load, and selenate (Se6+) reached maxima in the spring during the period of maximum flow at the gaging station. Thirty-seven to 44% of annual flow occurred dur- ing the three-month high-flow season (April through June) in 2001 and 56% of annual flow occurred during that time period in 2002. Extrapolation from historical hydrographs for average and wet years and a limited data set of regional Se concentrations for 2001 and 2002 indicated potential for a 3.6- to 7.4-fold increase in Se loading because of increased seasonal flows in the Blackfoot River watershed.
Supplementation data indicate that: (a) the difference between total Se and dissolved Se, as a measure of the contribution of particulate Se, was < 10% except at the peak of con- centration when total Se was 18% more than dissolved Se; (b) selenite (Se4+) represented less than 10% of the dissolved species during all months of 2001; and (c) dissolved Se was approximately a 50:50 mixture of selenate and organic selenide (operationally defined Se2-) during summer 2001 (June through August).
Ecological risk based on regional Se drainage occurred during both the high- and low-flow seasons. Seventy to 83% of the Se load occurred during the high-flow season. During early May of both years, dissolved-Se concentrations exceeded the criterion for the protection of aquatic life and the ecological threshold of 5 gL1 Se at which sub- stantive risk occurs. During the majority of the three-month high-flow season, dissolved- Se concentrations exceeded the 2 gL1 Se concern level for aquatic biota. The Se concentration in suspended material during high flow in 2002 was within the range of marginal risk to aquatic life (2-4 gg1Se, dry weight). Selenate was the major species during peak flows, with both selenate and organic selenide being major species during relatively low-flow periods in summer. A change in speciation to reduced Se may indicate elevated biotic productivity during summer months and could result in enhanced Se uptake in food webs.
In addition to the magnitude of regional Se release in the Blackfoot River watershed, Se concentrations in individual source drains and waste-rock seeps, and those predicted by experimental column leaching of proposed mining overburden materials, also indicate that drainage options that currently meet existing demands for phosphate mining cause eco- logical risk thresholds to be exceeded. At times, the drinking-water Se standard (50 g L1 Se) and the criterion for hazardous Se waste (1000 L-1 Se) (US Department of the Interior, 1998; US Environmental Protection Agency, 1987) are also exceeded.
For water-years 2001 and 2002, seasonal increased input of water in the mining area resulted in increased Se transport, suggesting a mechanism of contamination that involves a significant Se reservoir. Hence, recognition and monitoring of Se loading to the envi- ronment on a mass balance basis (i.e. inputs, fluxes and storage within environmental media, and outputs) are essential to evaluating how to control Se concentrations within environmentally protective ranges (Presser and Piper, 1998). In areas where release of Se to aquatic systems is anticipated as a product of future expansion of phosphate mining, continuous monitoring of flow and development of seasonal Se loading patterns would help to model watersheds in terms of sources, flow periods, and environmental-Se con- centrations that most influence bioavailability. These data, in turn, could be linked to Se- bioaccumulation models specific to food webs and vulnerable species of the impacted areas to accurately project ecological effects. Gaging at this site on the Blackfoot River is planned to continue in order to establish a long-term (>10 year) record of hydrologic conditions.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of exploration and environmental geochemistry","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1874-2734(04)80018-4","usgsCitation":"Presser, T.S., Hardy, M., Huebner, M., and Lamothe, P.J., 2004, Selenium loading through the Blackfoot River watershed--linking sources to ecosystem, chap. 16 of Handbook of exploration and environmental geochemistry, v. 8, p. 437-466, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1874-2734(04)80018-4.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"466","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356480,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Upper Blackfoot River Watershed ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.63414001464844,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -111.63414001464844,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -111.63414001464844,\n 42.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98ca93e4b0702d0e846931","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":140835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742613,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Presser, Theresa S. 0000-0001-5643-0147 tpresser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5643-0147","contributorId":2467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presser","given":"Theresa","email":"tpresser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardy, Matthew 0000-0003-0144-2970 mwhardy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0144-2970","contributorId":168348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardy","given":"Matthew","email":"mwhardy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huebner, Mark mhuebner@usgs.gov","contributorId":4349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huebner","given":"Mark","email":"mhuebner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lamothe, Paul J. plamothe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"Paul","email":"plamothe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":742612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70199897,"text":"70199897 - 2004 - Fundamental concepts of recharge in the Desert Southwest: A regional modeling perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T08:20:43","indexId":"70199897","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T08:20:13","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5612,"text":"Water Science and Application","printIssn":"1526-758X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Fundamental concepts of recharge in the Desert Southwest: A regional modeling perspective","docAbstract":"Recharge in arid basins does not occur in all years or at all locations within a basin. In the desert Southwest potential evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation on an average annual basis and, in many basins, on an average monthly basis. Ground-water traveltime from the surface to the water table and recharge to the water table vary temporally and spatially owing to variations in precipitation, air temperature, root zone and soil properties and thickness, faults and fractures, and hydrologic properties of geologic strata in the unsaturated zone. To highlight the fundamental concepts controlling recharge in the Southwest, and address the temporal and spatial variability of recharge, a basin characterization model was developed using a straightforward water balance approach to estimate potential recharge and runoff and allow for determination of the location of recharge within a basin. It provides a means for interbasin comparison of the mechanisms and processes that result in recharge and calculates the potential for recharge under current, wetter, and drier climates. Model estimates of recharge compare favorably with other methods estimating recharge in the Great Basin. Results indicate that net infiltration occurs in less than 5 percent of the area of a typical southwestern basin. Decadal-scale climatic cycles have substantially different influences over the extent of the Great Basin, with the southern portion receiving 220 percent higher recharge than the mean recharge during El Niño years in a positive phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, whereas the northern portion receives only 48 percent higher recharge. In addition, climatic influences result in ground-water travel times that are expected to vary on time scales of days to centuries, making decadal-scale climate cycles significant for understanding recharge in arid lands.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Groundwater recharge in a desert environment: The southwestern United States","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/009WSA10","usgsCitation":"Flint, A.L., Flint, L.E., and Hevesi, J., 2004, Fundamental concepts of recharge in the Desert Southwest: A regional modeling perspective, chap. of Groundwater recharge in a desert environment: The southwestern United States: Water Science and Application, v. 9, p. 159-184, https://doi.org/10.1029/009WSA10.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"184","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358053,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10e878e4b034bf6a800f79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hevesi, J.A. 0000-0003-2898-1800","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2898-1800","contributorId":43320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hevesi","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70184480,"text":"70184480 - 2004 - Transport and time lag of chlorofluorocarbon gases in the unsaturated zone, Rabis Creek, Denmark","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:22:05","indexId":"70184480","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport and time lag of chlorofluorocarbon gases in the unsaturated zone, Rabis Creek, Denmark","docAbstract":"Transport of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gases through the unsaturated zone to the water table is affected by gas diffusion, air–water exchange (solubility), sorption to the soil matrix, advective–dispersive transport in the water phase, and, in some cases, anaerobic degradation. In deep unsaturated zones, this may lead to a time lag between entry of gases at the land surface and recharge to groundwater. Data from a Danish field site were used to investigate how time lag is affected by variations in water content and to explore the use of simple analytical solutions to calculate time lag. Numerical simulations demonstrate that either degradation or sorption of CFC-11 takes place, whereas CFC-12 and CFC-113 are nonreactive. Water flow did not appreciably affect transport. An analytical solution for the period with a linear increase in atmospheric CFC concentrations (approximately early 1970s to early 1990s) was used to calculate CFC profiles and time lags. We compared the analytical results with numerical simulations. The time lags in the 15-m-deep unsaturated zone increase from 4.2 to between 5.2 and 6.1 yr and from 3.4 to 3.9 yr for CFC-11 and CFC-12, respectively, when simulations change from use of an exponential to a linear increase in atmospheric concentrations. The CFC concentrations at the water table before the early 1990s can be estimated by displacing the atmospheric input function by these fixed time lags. A sensitivity study demonstrates conditions under which a time lag in the unsaturated zone becomes important. The most critical parameter is the tortuosity coefficient. The analytical approach is valid for the low range of tortuosity coefficients (τ = 0.1–0.4) and unsaturated zones greater than approximately 20 m in thickness. In these cases the CFC distribution may still be from either the exponential or linear phase. In other cases, the use of numerical models, as described in our work and elsewhere, is an option.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society","doi":"10.2136/vzj2004.1249","usgsCitation":"Engesgaard, P., Højberg, A., Hinsby, K., Jensen, K., Laier, T., Larsen, F., Busenberg, E., and Plummer, N., 2004, Transport and time lag of chlorofluorocarbon gases in the unsaturated zone, Rabis Creek, Denmark: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 3, no. 4, p. 1249-1261, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2004.1249.","productDescription":"13 p. ","startPage":"1249","endPage":"1261","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Denmark","otherGeospatial":"Rabis Creek","volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c945e4b0f37a93ee9b5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engesgaard, Peter","contributorId":49044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engesgaard","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Højberg, Anker L.","contributorId":187776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Højberg","given":"Anker L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinsby, Klaus","contributorId":187777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinsby","given":"Klaus","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jensen, Karsten H.","contributorId":187778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Karsten H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Laier, Troels","contributorId":187779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laier","given":"Troels","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larsen, Flemming","contributorId":187780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larsen","given":"Flemming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70185649,"text":"70185649 - 2004 - Object-based inversion of crosswell radar tomography data to monitor vegetable oil injection experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-15T16:06:27","indexId":"70185649","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3928,"text":"Journal of Environmental & Engineering Geophysics","printIssn":"1083-1363","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Object-based inversion of crosswell radar tomography data to monitor vegetable oil injection experiments","docAbstract":"Crosswell radar methods can be used to dynamically image ground-water flow and mass transport associated with tracer tests, hydraulic tests, and natural physical processes, for improved characterization of preferential flow paths and complex aquifer heterogeneity. Unfortunately, because the raypath coverage of the interwell region is limited by the borehole geometry, the tomographic inverse problem is typically underdetermined, and tomograms may contain artifacts such as spurious blurring or streaking that confuse interpretation.
We implement object-based inversion (using a constrained, non-linear, least-squares algorithm) to improve results from pixel-based inversion approaches that utilize regularization criteria, such as damping or smoothness. Our approach requires pre- and post-injection travel-time data. Parameterization of the image plane comprises a small number of objects rather than a large number of pixels, resulting in an overdetermined problem that reduces the need for prior information. The nature and geometry of the objects are based on hydrologic insight into aquifer characteristics, the nature of the experiment, and the planned use of the geophysical results.
The object-based inversion is demonstrated using synthetic and crosswell radar field data acquired during vegetable-oil injection experiments at a site in Fridley, Minnesota. The region where oil has displaced ground water is discretized as a stack of rectangles of variable horizontal extents. The inversion provides the geometry of the affected region and an estimate of the radar slowness change for each rectangle. Applying petrophysical models to these results and porosity from neutron logs, we estimate the vegetable-oil emulsion saturation in various layers.
Using synthetic- and field-data examples, object-based inversion is shown to be an effective strategy for inverting crosswell radar tomography data acquired to monitor the emplacement of vegetable-oil emulsions. A principal advantage of object-based inversion is that it yields images that hydrologists and engineers can easily interpret and use for model calibration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental & Engineering Geophysical Society","doi":"10.4133/JEEG9.2.63","usgsCitation":"Lane, J.W., Day-Lewis, F.D., Versteeg, R.J., and Casey, C.C., 2004, Object-based inversion of crosswell radar tomography data to monitor vegetable oil injection experiments: Journal of Environmental & Engineering Geophysics, v. 9, no. 2, p. 63-77, https://doi.org/10.4133/JEEG9.2.63.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"63","endPage":"77","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338353,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da251be4b0543bf7fda808","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. jwlane@usgs.gov","contributorId":1738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":686224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Versteeg, Roelof J.","contributorId":73501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Versteeg","given":"Roelof","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casey, Clifton C.","contributorId":15140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"Clifton","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185110,"text":"70185110 - 2004 - Alkaline hydrolysis/polymerization of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene: Characterization of products by 13C and 15N NMR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-10T20:32:13.663444","indexId":"70185110","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Alkaline hydrolysis/polymerization of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene: Characterization of products by 13C and 15N NMR","title":"Alkaline hydrolysis/polymerization of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene: Characterization of products by 13C and 15N NMR","docAbstract":"Alkaline hydrolysis has been investigated as a nonbiological procedure for the destruction of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in explosives contaminated soils and munitions scrap. Nucleophilic substitutions of the nitro and methyl groups of TNT by hydroxide ion are the initial steps in the alkaline degradation of TNT. Potential applications of the technique include both in situ surface liming and ex situ alkaline treatment of contaminated soils. A number of laboratory studies have reported the formation of an uncharacterized polymeric material upon prolonged treatment of TNT in base. As part of an overall assessment of alkaline hydrolysis as a remediation technique, and to gain a better understanding of the chemical reactions underlying the hydrolysis/polymerization process, the soluble and precipitate fractions of polymeric material produced from the calcium hydroxide hydrolysis of unlabeled and 15N-labeled TNT were analyzed by elemental analysis and 13C and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Spectra indicated that reactions leading to polymerization included nucleophilic displacement of nitro groups by hydroxide ion, formation of ketone, carboxyl, alcohol, ether, and other aliphatic carbons, conversion of methyl groups to diphenyl methylene carbons, and recondensation of aromatic amines and reduced forms of nitrite, including ammonia and possibly hydroxylamine, into the polymer. Compared to the distribution of carbons in TNT as 14% sp3- and 86% sp2-hybridized, the precipitate fraction from hydrolysis of unlabeled TNT contained 33% sp3- and 67% sp2-hybridized carbons. The concentration of nitrogen in the precipitate was 64% of that in TNT. The 15N NMR spectra showed that, in addition to residual nitro groups, forms of nitrogen present in the filtrate and precipitate fractions include aminohydroquinone, primary amide, indole, imine, and azoxy, among others. Unreacted nitrite was recovered in the filtrate fraction. The toxicities and susceptibilities to microbial or chemical degradation of the polymeric materials remain unknown.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es030655a","usgsCitation":"Thorn, K.A., Thorne, P.G., and Cox, L.G., 2004, Alkaline hydrolysis/polymerization of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene: Characterization of products by 13C and 15N NMR: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 7, p. 2224-2231, https://doi.org/10.1021/es030655a.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2224","endPage":"2231","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337575,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90129e4b0849ce97abd0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorn, Kevin A. 0000-0003-2236-5193 kathorn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2236-5193","contributorId":3288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"Kevin","email":"kathorn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thorne, Philip G.","contributorId":188040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thorne","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cox, Larry G. lgcox@usgs.gov","contributorId":3310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Larry","email":"lgcox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":684377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70184609,"text":"70184609 - 2004 - Impact of clay minerals on sulfate-reducing activity in aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T08:41:04","indexId":"70184609","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2729,"text":"Microbial Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of clay minerals on sulfate-reducing activity in aquifers","docAbstract":"Previous studies have shown that sulfate-reduction activity occurs in a heterogeneous manner throughout the terrestrial subsurface. Low-activity regions are often observed in the presence of clay minerals. Here we report that clays inhibit sulfate reduction activity in sediments and in a pure culture of Desulfovibriovulgaris. Clay minerals including bentonite and kaolinite inhibited sulfate reduction by 70–90% in sediments. Intact clays and clay colloids or soluble components, capable of passing through a 0.2-µm filter, were also inhibitory to sulfate-reducing bacteria. Other adsorbent materials, including anion or cation exchangers and a zeolite, did not inhibit sulfate reduction in sediments, suggesting that the effect of clays was not due to their cation-exchange capacity. We observed a strong correlation between the Al2O3content of clays and their relative ability to inhibit sulfate reduction in sediments (r2 = 0.82). This suggested that inhibition might be a direct effect of Al3+ (aq) on the bacteria. We then tested pure aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and showed it to act in a similar manner to clay. As dissolved aluminum is known to be toxic to a variety of organisms at low concentrations, our results suggest that the effects of clay on sulfate-reducing bacteria may be directly due to aluminum. Thus, our experiments provide an explanation for the lack of sulfate-reduction activity in clay-rich regions and presents a mechanism for the effect.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s00248-003-1021-z","usgsCitation":"Wong, D., Suflita, J., McKinley, J., and Krumholz, L., 2004, Impact of clay minerals on sulfate-reducing activity in aquifers: Microbial Ecology, v. 47, no. 1, p. 80-86, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-003-1021-z.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"86","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337352,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c942e4b0f37a93ee9b39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, D.","contributorId":188088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wong","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suflita, J.M.","contributorId":83303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suflita","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKinley, J.P.","contributorId":188089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKinley","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krumholz, L.R.","contributorId":188090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krumholz","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70184608,"text":"70184608 - 2004 - Constraining the inferred paleohydrologic evolution of a deep unsaturated zone in the Amargosa Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T07:58:48","indexId":"70184608","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraining the inferred paleohydrologic evolution of a deep unsaturated zone in the Amargosa Desert","docAbstract":"Natural flow regimes in deep unsaturated zones of arid interfluvial environments are rarely in hydraulic equilibrium with near-surface boundary conditions imposed by present-day plant–soil–atmosphere dynamics. Nevertheless, assessments of water resources and contaminant transport require realistic estimates of gas, water, and solute fluxes under past, present, and projected conditions. Multimillennial transients that are captured in current hydraulic, chemical, and isotopic profiles can be interpreted to constrain alternative scenarios of paleohydrologic evolution following climatic and vegetational shifts from pluvial to arid conditions. However, interpreting profile data with numerical models presents formidable challenges in that boundary conditions must be prescribed throughout the entire Holocene, when we have at most a few decades of actual records. Models of profile development at the Amargosa Desert Research Site include substantial uncertainties from imperfectly known initial and boundary conditions when simulating flow and solute transport over millennial timescales. We show how multiple types of profile data, including matric potentials and porewater concentrations of Cl−, δD, δ18O, can be used in multiphase heat, flow, and transport models to expose and reduce uncertainty in paleohydrologic reconstructions. Results indicate that a dramatic shift in the near-surface water balance occurred approximately 16000 yr ago, but that transitions in precipitation, temperature, and vegetation were not necessarily synchronous. The timing of the hydraulic transition imparts the largest uncertainty to model-predicted contemporary fluxes. In contrast, the uncertainties associated with initial (late Pleistocene) conditions and boundary conditions during the Holocene impart only small uncertainties to model-predicted contemporaneous fluxes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/vzj2004.0502","usgsCitation":"Walvoord, M.A., Stonestrom, D.A., Andraski, B.J., and Striegl, R.G., 2004, Constraining the inferred paleohydrologic evolution of a deep unsaturated zone in the Amargosa Desert: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 3, no. 2, p. 502-512, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2004.0502.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"502","endPage":"512","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337351,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Amargosa Desert Research Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.92474365234375,\n 36.746587336189386\n ],\n [\n -116.24496459960938,\n 36.20217441183449\n ],\n [\n -115.83160400390626,\n 36.40470491509095\n ],\n [\n -116.21475219726562,\n 36.6959520787169\n ],\n [\n -116.68167114257812,\n 36.89499795802219\n ],\n [\n -116.84234619140624,\n 36.97183825093165\n ],\n [\n -116.92474365234375,\n 36.746587336189386\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c942e4b0f37a93ee9b3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":682219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":682220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70184593,"text":"70184593 - 2004 - Response to comment on \"A reservoir of nitrate beneath desert soils\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T09:52:59","indexId":"70184593","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response to comment on \"A reservoir of nitrate beneath desert soils\"","docAbstract":"We appreciate the comment by Jackson et al. (1), which underscores two points made in our recent paper (2): (i) that desert subsoil nitrate (NO–3) inventories are spatially highly variable, and thereby warrant substantial measurement efforts to reduce uncertainty in global extrapolations, and (ii) that Chihuahuan Desert subsoil NO–3 inventories tend to be much smaller than inventories in other western U.S. deserts.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.1095033","usgsCitation":"Walvoord, M.A., Phillips, F.M., Stonestrom, D.A., Evans, R.D., Hartsough, P.C., Newman, B.D., and Striegl, R.G., 2004, Response to comment on \"A reservoir of nitrate beneath desert soils\": Science, v. 304, no. 5667, p. 51-51, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1095033.","productDescription":"1 p. ","startPage":"51","endPage":"51","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337350,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"304","issue":"5667","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c943e4b0f37a93ee9b3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Fred M.","contributorId":57957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, R. Dave","contributorId":188043,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Dave","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hartsough, Peter C.","contributorId":188044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hartsough","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Newman, Brent D.","contributorId":188045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newman","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":682153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70184570,"text":"70184570 - 2004 - Importance of clay size minerals for Fe(III) respiration in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-10T12:14:00","indexId":"70184570","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1751,"text":"Geobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of clay size minerals for Fe(III) respiration in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer","docAbstract":"The availability of Fe(III)-bearing minerals for dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction was evaluated in sediments from a petroleum-contaminated sandy aquifer near Bemidji, Minnesota (USA). First, the sediments from a contaminated area of the aquifer, in which Fe(III) reduction was the predominant terminal electron accepting process, were compared with sediments from a nearby, uncontaminated site. Data from 0.5 m HCl extraction of different size fractions of the sediments revealed that the clay size fraction contributed a significant portion of the ‘bio-available’ Fe(III) in the background sediment and was the most depleted in ‘bio-available’ Fe(III) in the iron-reducing sediment. Analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the disappearance of thermodynamically unstable Fe(III) and Mn(IV) hydroxides (ferrihydrite and Fe vernadite), as well as a decrease in the abundance of goethite and lepidocrocite in the clay size fraction from the contaminated sediment. TEM observations and X-ray diffraction examination did not provide strong evidence of Fe(III)-reduction-related changes within another potential source of ‘bio-available’ Fe(III) in the clay size fraction – ferruginous phyllosilicates. However, further testing in the laboratory with sediments from the methanogenic portion of the aquifer that were depleted in microbially reducible Fe(III) revealed the potential for microbial reduction of Fe(III) associated with phyllosilicates. Addition of a clay size fraction from the uncontaminated sediment, as well as Fe(III)-coated kaolin and ferruginous nontronite SWa-1, as sources of poorly crystalline Fe(III) hydroxides and structural iron of phyllosilicates respectively, lowered steady-state hydrogen concentrations consistent with a stimulation of Fe(III) reduction in laboratory incubations of methanogenic sediments. There was no change in hydrogen concentration when non-ferruginous clays or no minerals were added. This demonstrated that Fe(III)-bearing clay size minerals were essential for microbial Fe(III) reduction and suggested that both potential sources of ‘bio-available’ Fe(III) in the clay size fraction, poorly crystalline Fe(III) hydroxides and structural Fe(III) of phyllosilicates, were important sources of electron acceptor for indigenous iron-reducing microorganisms in this aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1472-4677.2004.00018.x","usgsCitation":"Shelobolina, E.S., Anderson, R.T., Vodyanitskii, Y.N., Sivtsov, A.V., Yuretich, R., and Lovely, D.R., 2004, Importance of clay size minerals for Fe(III) respiration in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer: Geobiology, v. 2, no. 1, p. 67-76, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4677.2004.00018.x.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"67","endPage":"76","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1472-4677.2004.00018.x/full","text":"External Repository"},{"id":337340,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c943e4b0f37a93ee9b3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelobolina, Evgenya S.","contributorId":187992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shelobolina","given":"Evgenya","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Robert T.","contributorId":178193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vodyanitskii, Yury N.","contributorId":187993,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vodyanitskii","given":"Yury","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sivtsov, Anatolii V.","contributorId":187994,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sivtsov","given":"Anatolii","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yuretich, Richard","contributorId":187995,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yuretich","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lovely, Derek R.","contributorId":184232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovely","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70184568,"text":"70184568 - 2004 - Comparison of 13 equations for determining evapotranspiration from a prairie wetland, Cottonwood Lake Area, North Dakota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-16T20:19:45","indexId":"70184568","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of 13 equations for determining evapotranspiration from a prairie wetland, Cottonwood Lake Area, North Dakota, USA","docAbstract":"Evapotranspiration determined using the energy-budget method at a semi-permanent prairie-pothole wetland in east-central North Dakota, USA was compared with 12 other commonly used methods. The Priestley-Taylor and deBruin-Keijman methods compared best with the energy-budget values; mean differences were less than 0.1 mm d−1, and standard deviations were less than 0.3 mm d−1. Both methods require measurement of air temperature, net radiation, and heat storage in the wetland water. The Penman, Jensen-Haise, and Brutsaert-Stricker methods provided the next-best values for evapotranspiration relative to the energy-budget method. The mass-transfer, deBruin, and Stephens-Stewart methods provided the worst comparisons; the mass-transfer and deBruin comparisons with energy-budget values indicated a large standard deviation, and the deBruin and Stephens-Stewart comparisons indicated a large bias. The Jensen-Haise method proved to be cost effective, providing relatively accurate comparisons with the energy-budget method (mean difference=0.44 mm d−1, standard deviation=0.42 mm d−1) and requiring only measurements of air temperature and solar radiation. The Mather (Thornthwaite) method is the simplest, requiring only measurement of air temperature, and it provided values that compared relatively well with energy-budget values (mean difference=0.47 mm d−1, standard deviation=0.56 mm d−1). Modifications were made to several of the methods to make them more suitable for use in prairie wetlands. The modified Makkink, Jensen-Haise, and Stephens-Stewart methods all provided results that were nearly as close to energy-budget values as were the Priestley-Taylor and deBruin-Keijman methods, and all three of these modified methods only require measurements of air temperature and solar radiation. The modified Hamon method provided values that were within 20 percent of energy-budget values during 95 percent of the comparison periods, and it only requires measurement of air temperature. The mass-transfer coefficient, associated with the commonly used mass-transfer method, varied seasonally, with the largest values occurring during summer.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Wetland Scientists","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2004)024[0483:COEFDE]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D.O., Stannard, D.L., Winter, T.C., and Martinez, M.L., 2004, Comparison of 13 equations for determining evapotranspiration from a prairie wetland, Cottonwood Lake Area, North Dakota, USA: Wetlands, v. 24, no. 3, p. 483-497, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2004)024[0483:COEFDE]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"483","endPage":"497","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"McHenry County","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood Lake Area ","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-100.2771,48.543],[-100.2777,48.3704],[-100.2376,48.3699],[-100.2384,48.0218],[-100.1972,48.0213],[-100.1987,47.8477],[-100.5846,47.847],[-100.9685,47.8472],[-100.9705,48.0218],[-101.0144,48.023],[-101.0137,48.3715],[-101.0592,48.3713],[-101.0593,48.3727],[-101.0593,48.4595],[-101.0574,48.5463],[-101.0574,48.6312],[-100.9258,48.6321],[-100.7649,48.6321],[-100.7595,48.6321],[-100.6886,48.6313],[-100.6777,48.6313],[-100.6647,48.6313],[-100.5359,48.63],[-100.4056,48.6304],[-100.4044,48.5436],[-100.2771,48.543]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"McHenry\",\"state\":\"ND\"}}]}","volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c943e4b0f37a93ee9b41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stannard, David L.","contributorId":187991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stannard","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martinez, Margo L.","contributorId":187990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martinez","given":"Margo","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70184566,"text":"70184566 - 2004 - Microbial precipitation of dolomite in methanogenic groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T09:04:47","indexId":"70184566","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial precipitation of dolomite in methanogenic groundwater","docAbstract":"We report low-temperature microbial precipitation of dolomite in dilute natural waters from both field and laboratory experiments. In a freshwater aquifer, microorganisms colonize basalt and nucleate nonstoichiometric dolomite on cell walls. In the laboratory, ordered dolomite formed at near-equilibrium conditions from groundwater with molar Mg:Ca ratios of <1; dolomite was absent in sterile experiments. Geochemical and microbiological data suggest that methanogens are the dominant metabolic guild in this system and are integral to dolomite precipitation. We hypothesize that the attached microbial consortium reacts with the basalt surface, releasing Mg and Ca into solution, which drives dolomite precipitation via nucleation on the cell wall. These findings provide insight into the long-standing dolomite problem and suggest a fundamental role for microbial processes in the formation of dolomite across a wide range of environmental conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G20246.2","usgsCitation":"Roberts, J., Bennett, P.C., Gonzalez, L.A., Macpherson, G., and Milliken, K.L., 2004, Microbial precipitation of dolomite in methanogenic groundwater: Geology, v. 32, no. 4, p. 277-280, https://doi.org/10.1130/G20246.2.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"277","endPage":"280","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337336,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c944e4b0f37a93ee9b43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, Jennifer A.","contributorId":184253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Jennifer A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, Philip C.","contributorId":30567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gonzalez, Luis A.","contributorId":20922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Macpherson, G.L.","contributorId":31181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macpherson","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Milliken, Kitty L.","contributorId":187988,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milliken","given":"Kitty","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70184565,"text":"70184565 - 2004 - Inhibition and enhancement of microbial surface colonization: the role of silicate composition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T09:02:50","indexId":"70184565","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inhibition and enhancement of microbial surface colonization: the role of silicate composition","docAbstract":"Classical treatment of cell attachment by models of filtration or coulombic attraction assumes that attachment of cells to mineral surfaces would be controlled by factors such as response to predation, collision efficiency, or coulombic attraction between the charged groups at the mineral and cell surfaces. In the study reported here, the passive model of attachment was investigated using a native microbial consortium and a variety of Al- and Fe-bearing silicates and oxides to determine if other controls, such as mineral composition, also influence the interaction between cells and surfaces. Results from in situ colonization studies in an anaerobic groundwater at pH 6.8 combined with most probable number analyses (MPN) of surface-adherent cells demonstrate that electrostatic effects dominate microbial colonization on positively charged oxide surfaces regardless of mineral composition. In contrast, on negatively charged silicate minerals and glasses, the solid phase composition is a factor in determining the extent of microbial colonization, as well as the diversity of the attached community. In particular, silicates containing more than 1.2% Al exhibit less biomass than Al-poor silicates and MPN suggests a shift in community diversity, possibly indicating Al toxicity on these surfaces. When Fe is present in the silicate, however, this trend is reversed and abundant colonization of the surface is observed. Here, microorganisms preferentially colonize those silicate surfaces that offer beneficial nutrients and avoid those that contain potentially toxic elements.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.08.021","usgsCitation":"Roberts, J., 2004, Inhibition and enhancement of microbial surface colonization: the role of silicate composition: Chemical Geology, v. 212, no. 3-4, p. 313-327, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.08.021.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"313","endPage":"327","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337335,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"212","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c944e4b0f37a93ee9b45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, Jennifer A.","contributorId":184253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Jennifer A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70184550,"text":"70184550 - 2004 - Monitored natural attenuation forum: A panel discussion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T09:39:44","indexId":"70184550","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3249,"text":"Remediation Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitored natural attenuation forum: A panel discussion","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rem.20007","usgsCitation":"Rittmann, B.E., Kremer, F., and Bekins, B., 2004, Monitored natural attenuation forum: A panel discussion: Remediation Journal, v. 14, no. 2, p. 153-158, https://doi.org/10.1002/rem.20007.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"153","endPage":"158","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rem.20007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337333,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-03-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c944e4b0f37a93ee9b47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rittmann, Bruce E.","contributorId":187944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rittmann","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kremer, Fran","contributorId":187945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kremer","given":"Fran","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":139407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70184548,"text":"70184548 - 2004 - \"Implications of Observed and Simulated Ambient Flow in Monitoring Wells,” by Alper Elci, Fred J. Molz III, and W. R. Waldrop, November-December 2001 issue, v. 39, no. 6: 853–862","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-04T13:40:09","indexId":"70184548","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"\"Implications of Observed and Simulated Ambient Flow in Monitoring Wells,” by Alper Elci, Fred J. Molz III, and W. R. Waldrop, November-December 2001 issue, v. 39, no. 6: 853–862","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02461.x","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., 2004, \"Implications of Observed and Simulated Ambient Flow in Monitoring Wells,” by Alper Elci, Fred J. Molz III, and W. R. Waldrop, November-December 2001 issue, v. 39, no. 6: 853–862: Groundwater, v. 42, no. 1, p. 137-138, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02461.x.","productDescription":"2 p. ","startPage":"137","endPage":"138","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337330,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c944e4b0f37a93ee9b49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Fredrick L.","contributorId":78780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Fredrick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70184533,"text":"70184533 - 2004 - The microbial arsenic cycle in Mono Lake, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-16T20:15:25","indexId":"70184533","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1619,"text":"FEMS Microbiology Ecology","onlineIssn":"1574-6941","printIssn":"0168-6496","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The microbial arsenic cycle in Mono Lake, California","docAbstract":"Significant concentrations of dissolved inorganic arsenic can be found in the waters of a number of lakes located in the western USA and in other water bodies around the world. These lakes are often situated in arid, volcanic terrain. The highest concentrations of arsenic occur in hypersaline, closed basin soda lakes and their remnant brines. Although arsenic is a well-known toxicant to eukaryotes and prokaryotes alike, some prokaryotes have evolved biochemical mechanisms to exploit arsenic oxyanions (i.e., arsenate and arsenite); they can use them either as an electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration (arsenate), or as an electron donor (arsenite) to support chemoautotrophic fixation of CO2 into cell carbon. Unlike in freshwater or marine ecosystems, these processes may assume quantitative significance with respect to the carbon cycle in arsenic-rich soda lakes. For the past several years our research has focused on the occurrence and biogeochemical manifestations of these processes in Mono Lake, a particularly arsenic-rich environment. Herein we review some of our findings concerning the biogeochemical arsenic cycle in this lake, with the hope that it may broaden the understanding of the influence of microorganisms upon the speciation of arsenic in more common, less “extreme” environments, such as drinking water aquifers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.femsec.2003.12.016","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R.S., Stolz, J.F., and Hollibaugh, J., 2004, The microbial arsenic cycle in Mono Lake, California: FEMS Microbiology Ecology, v. 48, no. 1, p. 15-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2003.12.016.","productDescription":"13 p. ","startPage":"15","endPage":"27","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2003.12.016","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337325,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mono Lake ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.14535522460938,\n 37.95286091815649\n ],\n [\n -119.01763916015625,\n 37.931200459333716\n ],\n [\n -118.91601562499999,\n 37.94636345087475\n ],\n [\n -118.89404296875,\n 38.06322991452768\n ],\n [\n -119.01351928710938,\n 38.09133660751176\n ],\n [\n -119.15634155273438,\n 38.04484662140698\n ],\n [\n -119.14535522460938,\n 37.95286091815649\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c944e4b0f37a93ee9b4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stolz, John F.","contributorId":179305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stolz","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hollibaugh, James T.","contributorId":6878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollibaugh","given":"James T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70184532,"text":"70184532 - 2004 - Hydraulic and geochemical framework of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory vadose zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-10T11:09:20","indexId":"70184532","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydraulic and geochemical framework of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory vadose zone","docAbstract":"Questions of major importance for subsurface contaminant transport at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) include (i) travel times to the aquifer, both average or typical values and the range of values to be expected, and (ii) modes of contaminant transport, especially sorption processes. The hydraulic and geochemical framework within which these questions are addressed is dominated by extreme heterogeneity in a vadose zone and aquifer consisting of interbedded basalts and sediments. Hydraulically, major issues include diverse possible types of flow pathways, extreme anisotropy, preferential flow, combined vertical and horizontal flow, and temporary saturation or perching. Geochemically, major issues include contaminant mobility as influenced by redox conditions, the concentration of organic and inorganic complexing solutes and other local variables, the interaction with infiltrating waters and with the contaminant source environment, and the aqueous speciation of contaminants such as actinides. Another major issue is the possibility of colloid transport, which inverts some of the traditional concepts of mobility, as sorbed contaminants on mobile colloids may be transported with ease compared with contaminants that are not sorbed. With respect to the goal of minimizing aquifer concentrations of contaminants, some characteristics of the vadose zone are essentially completely favorable. Examples include the great thickness (200 m) of the vadose zone, and the presence of substantial quantities of fine sediments that can retard contaminant transport both hydraulically and chemically. Most characteristics, however, have both favorable and unfavorable aspects. For example, preferential flow, as promoted by several notable features of the vadose zone at the INEEL, can provide fast, minimally sorbing pathways for contaminants to reach the aquifer easily, but it also leads to a wide dispersal of contaminants in a large volume of subsurface material, thus increasing the opportunity for dilution and sorption.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society","doi":"10.2136/vzj2004.6000","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., Rousseau, J.P., Perkins, K., Stollenwerk, K.G., Glynn, P.D., Bartholomay, R.C., and Knobel, L.L., 2004, Hydraulic and geochemical framework of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory vadose zone: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 3, no. 1, p. 6-34, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2004.6000.","productDescription":"29 p. ","startPage":"6","endPage":"34","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337320,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c944e4b0f37a93ee9b4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rousseau, Joseph P.","contributorId":22030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rousseau","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perkins, Kim S. 0000-0001-8349-447X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-447X","contributorId":44097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Kim S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. kgstolle@usgs.gov","contributorId":578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"Kenneth","email":"kgstolle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":681888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Glynn, Pierre D. 0000-0001-8804-7003 pglynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7003","contributorId":2141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"Pierre","email":"pglynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bartholomay, Roy C. 0000-0002-4809-9287 rcbarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-9287","contributorId":1131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"Roy","email":"rcbarth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Knobel, LeRoy L.","contributorId":76285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knobel","given":"LeRoy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70194920,"text":"70194920 - 2004 - Monitoring radionuclide contamination in the unsaturated zone - Lessons learned at the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-11T06:26:47","indexId":"70194920","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"chapter":"6.4","title":"Monitoring radionuclide contamination in the unsaturated zone - Lessons learned at the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Contaminant-transport processes are being investigated at the U.S. Geological Survey’s Amargosa Desert Research Site (A DRS), adjacent to the Nation’s first commercial disposal facility for low-level radioactive waste. Gases containing tritium and radiocarbon are migrating through a 110-m thick unsaturated zone from unlined trenches that received waste from 1962 to 1992. Results relevant to long- term monitoring of radionuclides are summarized as follows. Contaminant plumes have unexpected histories and spatial configurations due to uncertainties in the: (1) geologic framework, (2) biochemical reactions involving waste components, (3) interactions between plume components and unsaturated-zone materials, (4) disposal practices, and (5) physical transport processes. Information on plume dynamics depends on ex-situ wet-chemical techniques because in-situ sensors for the radionuclides of interest do not exist. As at other radioactive-waste disposal facilities, radionuclides at the ADRS are mixed with varying amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Carbon-dioxide and VOC anomalies provide proxies for radioactive contamination. Contaminants in the unsaturated zone migrate along preferential pathways. Effective monitoring thus requires accurate geologic characterization. Direct- current electrical-resistivity imaging successfully mapped geologic units controlling preferential transport at the ADRS. Direct sampling of water from the unsaturated zone is complex and time consuming. Sampling plant water is an efficient alternative for mapping shallow tritium contamination.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, Workshop on long-term performance monitoring of metals and radionuclides in the subsurface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Joint workshop on long-term monitoring of metals and radionuclides in the subsurface: Strategies, tools and case studies","conferenceDate":"April 21-22, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Reston, VA","language":"English","publisher":"Center for Integrated Sensor Technology and Environmental Monitoring Systems","usgsCitation":"Stonestrom, D.A., Abraham, J., Andraski, B.J., Baker, R.J., Mayers, C., Michel, R.L., Prudic, D.E., Striegl, R.G., and Walvoord, M.A., 2004, Monitoring radionuclide contamination in the unsaturated zone - Lessons learned at the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nye County, Nevada, in Proceedings, Workshop on long-term performance monitoring of metals and radionuclides in the subsurface, Reston, VA, April 21-22, 2004, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","city":"Beatty","otherGeospatial":"Amargosa Desert Research Site","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-115.9082,39.1615],[-115.5191,38.9578],[-115.4725,38.9325],[-115.4433,38.9162],[-115.3694,38.8769],[-115.363,38.874],[-115.242,38.8093],[-115.0969,38.7309],[-115.0777,38.721],[-115.0604,38.7107],[-115.0291,38.6937],[-114.999,38.6777],[-114.9996,38.592],[-114.9997,38.4315],[-114.9994,38.3894],[-115.0004,38.0507],[-115.1185,38.0508],[-115.1436,38.0508],[-115.326,38.0515],[-115.3453,38.0514],[-115.4003,38.051],[-115.4587,38.0506],[-115.6394,38.0512],[-115.6581,38.051],[-115.8404,38.0504],[-115.8931,38.0507],[-115.8938,37.723],[-115.8969,37.5498],[-115.8975,37.2796],[-115.8982,37.1926],[-115.8942,36.8425],[-115.8941,36.686],[-115.8945,36.6702],[-115.8949,36.598],[-115.8949,36.5962],[-115.8946,36.5858],[-115.8947,36.5005],[-115.8945,36.4806],[-115.8949,36.462],[-115.8944,36.457],[-115.8948,36.3087],[-115.8945,36.2923],[-115.8943,36.1957],[-115.8945,36.1608],[-115.8948,36.1163],[-115.8948,36.0927],[-115.895,36.0015],[-115.9178,36.0192],[-115.9518,36.0457],[-115.9925,36.0773],[-116.049,36.1211],[-116.0624,36.1314],[-116.1039,36.1636],[-116.1287,36.1829],[-116.1702,36.2152],[-116.173,36.2174],[-116.2311,36.2626],[-116.2834,36.3028],[-116.2954,36.3122],[-116.3752,36.373],[-116.5107,36.4764],[-116.5247,36.4871],[-116.5589,36.5131],[-116.574,36.5245],[-116.5946,36.54],[-116.6556,36.5867],[-116.6583,36.5888],[-116.6764,36.6024],[-116.706,36.6248],[-116.7895,36.6877],[-116.8424,36.7276],[-116.8453,36.7298],[-116.8806,36.7568],[-116.8912,36.7648],[-116.9237,36.7891],[-116.9641,36.8193],[-116.9783,36.8299],[-116.981,36.8319],[-117.0046,36.8495],[-117.164,36.9688],[-117.1639,36.9698],[-117.1637,37.0182],[-117.164,37.0894],[-117.1642,37.171],[-117.1641,37.1909],[-117.1641,37.1936],[-117.1665,37.6995],[-117.1664,37.714],[-117.1663,37.7285],[-117.1663,37.7435],[-117.1662,37.7585],[-117.1657,38.0019],[-117.2198,38.0482],[-117.2397,38.0483],[-117.239,38.0641],[-117.2408,38.0705],[-117.2653,38.0932],[-117.6896,38.4731],[-118.0197,38.7599],[-118.197,38.9154],[-118.1972,38.9993],[-117.8559,39.0746],[-117.7748,39.092],[-117.7008,39.1058],[-117.6409,39.1149],[-117.5946,39.1231],[-117.4742,39.1431],[-117.3823,39.1562],[-117.3609,39.1585],[-117.3318,39.1629],[-117.3063,39.1634],[-117.2849,39.1633],[-117.1995,39.1632],[-117.0856,39.1628],[-117.0322,39.1626],[-117.0144,39.1626],[-116.9871,39.1625],[-116.9158,39.1631],[-116.7562,39.1622],[-116.7301,39.1625],[-116.5996,39.1616],[-116.5859,39.162],[-116.4815,39.1616],[-116.3497,39.1618],[-116.2358,39.1616],[-116.0548,39.1624],[-115.9082,39.1615]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Nye\",\"state\":\"NV\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7040d7e4b06e28e9cae4fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - 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This review focuses on research on UMT and related earth materials during the past decade relevant to the assessment of: (1) mineral hosts of radionuclides; (2) the use of soil analogs in predicting long-term fate of radionuclides; (3) microbial and diagenetic processes that may alter radionuclide mobility in the surficial environment; (4) waste-management technologies to limit radionuclide migration; and (5) the impact of UMT on biota.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.01.030","usgsCitation":"Landa, E.R., 2004, Uranium mill tailings: Nuclear waste and natural laboratory for geochemical and radioecological investigations: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, v. 77, no. 1, p. 1-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.01.030.","productDescription":"27 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"27","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337306,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c944e4b0f37a93ee9b51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landa, Edward R. erlanda@usgs.gov","contributorId":2112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"Edward","email":"erlanda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":681809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70184509,"text":"70184509 - 2004 - Effect of Fe(III) on 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane degradation and vinyl chloride accumulation in wetland sediments of the Aberdeen Proving Ground","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-10T10:27:29","indexId":"70184509","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1042,"text":"Bioremediation Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of Fe(III) on 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane degradation and vinyl chloride accumulation in wetland sediments of the Aberdeen Proving Ground","docAbstract":"1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane (TeCA) contaminated groundwater at the Aberdeen Proving Ground discharges through an anaerobic wetland in West Branch Canal Creek (MD), where dechlorination occurs. Two microbially mediated pathways, dichloroelimination and hydrogenolysis, account for most of the TeCA degradation at this site. The dichloroelimination pathways lead to the formation of vinyl chloride (VC), a recalcitrant carcinogen of great concern. The goal of this investigation was to determine whether microbially-available Fe(III) in the wetland surface sediment influenced the fate of TeCA and its daughter products. Differences were identified in the TeCA degradation pathway between microcosms treated with amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide (AFO-treated) and untreated (no AFO) microcosms. TeCA degradation was accompanied by a lower accumulation of VC in AFO-treated microcosms than untreated microcosms. The microcosm incubations and subsequent experiments with the microcosm materials showed that AFO treatment resulted in lower production of VC by (1) shifting TeCA degradation from dichloroelimination pathways to production of a greater proportion of chlorinated ethane products, and (2) decreasing the microbial capability to produce VC from 1,2-dichloroethene (DCE). VC degradation was not stimulated in the presence of Fe(III). Rather, VC degradation occurred readily under methanogenic conditions and was inhibited under Fe(III)-reducing conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10889860490453159","usgsCitation":"Jones, E., Voytek, M., and Lorah, M., 2004, Effect of Fe(III) on 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane degradation and vinyl chloride accumulation in wetland sediments of the Aberdeen Proving Ground: Bioremediation Journal, v. 8, no. 1-2, p. 31-45, https://doi.org/10.1080/10889860490453159.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"31","endPage":"45","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337302,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c944e4b0f37a93ee9b55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Elizabeth","contributorId":187852,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Elizabeth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voytek, Mary","contributorId":13117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"Mary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorah, Michelle","contributorId":187853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lorah","given":"Michelle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70184507,"text":"70184507 - 2004 - In situ expression of nifD in Geobacteraceae in subsurface sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T08:21:52","indexId":"70184507","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ expression of nifD in Geobacteraceae in subsurface sediments","docAbstract":"In order to determine whether the metabolic state of Geobacteraceae involved in bioremediation of subsurface sediments might be inferred from levels of mRNA for key genes, in situ expression of nifD, a highly conserved gene involved in nitrogen fixation, was investigated. When Geobacter sulfurreducens was grown without a source of fixed nitrogen in chemostats with acetate provided as the limiting electron donor and Fe(III) as the electron acceptor, levels of nifD transcripts were 4 to 5 orders of magnitude higher than in chemostat cultures provided with ammonium. In contrast, the number of transcripts of recA and the 16S rRNA gene were slightly lower in the absence of ammonium. The addition of acetate to organic- and nitrogen-poor subsurface sediments stimulated the growth of Geobacteraceae and Fe(III) reduction, as well as the expression of nifD in Geobacteraceae. Levels of nifD transcripts in Geobacteraceae decreased more than 100-fold within 2 days after the addition of 100 μM ammonium, while levels of recA and total bacterial 16S rRNA in Geobacteraceae remained relatively constant. Ammonium amendments had no effect on rates of Fe(III) reduction in acetate-amended sediments or toluene degradation in petroleum-contaminated sediments, suggesting that other factors, such as the rate that Geobacteraceae could access Fe(III) oxides, limited Fe(III) reduction. These results demonstrate that it is possible to monitor one aspect of the in situ metabolic state of Geobacteraceae species in subsurface sediments via analysis of mRNA levels, which is the first step toward a more global analysis of in situ gene expression related to nutrient status and stress response during bioremediation by Geobacteraceae.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.70.12.7251-7259.2004","usgsCitation":"Holmes, D.E., Nevin, K.P., and Lovely, D.R., 2004, In situ expression of nifD in Geobacteraceae in subsurface sediments: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 70, no. 12, p. 7251-7259, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.12.7251-7259.2004.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"7251","endPage":"7259","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/535187","text":"External Repository"},{"id":337299,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c944e4b0f37a93ee9b57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Dawn E.","contributorId":184220,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holmes","given":"Dawn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nevin, Kelly P.","contributorId":184229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nevin","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovely, Derek R.","contributorId":184232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovely","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70184487,"text":"70184487 - 2004 - Use of PRD1 bacteriophage in groundwater viral transport, inactivation, and attachment studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T15:29:58","indexId":"70184487","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1619,"text":"FEMS Microbiology Ecology","onlineIssn":"1574-6941","printIssn":"0168-6496","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of PRD1 bacteriophage in groundwater viral transport, inactivation, and attachment studies","docAbstract":"PRD1, an icosahedra-shaped, 62 nm (diameter), double-stranded DNA bacteriophage with an internal membrane, has emerged as an important model virus for studying the manner in which microorganisms are transported through a variety of groundwater environments. The popularity of this phage for use in transport studies involving geologic media is due, in part, to its relative stability over a range of temperatures and low degree of attachment in aquifer sediments. Laboratory and field investigations employing PRD1 are leading to a better understanding of viral attachment and transport behaviors in saturated geologic media and to improved methods for describing mathematically subsurface microbial transport at environmentally significant field scales. Radioisotopic labeling of PRD1 is facilitating additional information about the nature of viral interactions with solid surfaces in geologic media, the importance of iron oxide surfaces, and allowing differentiation between inactivation and attachment in field-scale tracer tests.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.femsec.2003.09.015","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R.W., and Ryan, J.N., 2004, Use of PRD1 bacteriophage in groundwater viral transport, inactivation, and attachment studies: FEMS Microbiology Ecology, v. 49, no. 1, p. 3-16, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2003.09.015.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"3","endPage":"16","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2003.09.015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337290,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c944e4b0f37a93ee9b59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryan, Joseph N.","contributorId":54290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":604,"text":"University of Colorado- Boulder","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":681706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184482,"text":"70184482 - 2004 - Reach-scale cation exchange controls on major ion chemistry of an Antarctic glacial meltwater stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-14T07:30:38","indexId":"70184482","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":866,"text":"Aquatic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reach-scale cation exchange controls on major ion chemistry of an Antarctic glacial meltwater stream","docAbstract":"McMurdo dry valleys of Antarctica represent the largest of the ice-free areas on the Antarctic continent, containing glaciers, meltwater streams, and closed basin lakes. Previous geochemical studies of dry valley streams and lakes have addressed chemical weathering reactions of hyporheic substrate and geochemical evolution of dry valley surface waters. We examine cation transport and exchange reactions during a stream tracer experiment in a dry valley glacial meltwater stream. The injection solution was composed of dissolved Li+, Na+, K+, and Cl-. Chloride behaved conservatively in this stream, but Li+, Na+, and K+ were reactive to varying degrees. Mass balance analysis indicates that relative to Cl-, Li+ and K+ were taken up in downstream transport and Na+ was released. Simulations of conservative and reactive (first-order uptake or generation) solute transport were made with the OTIS (one-dimensional solute transport with inflow and storage) model. Among the four experimental reaches of Green Creek, solute transport simulations reveal that Li+ was removed from stream water in all four reaches, K+ was released in two reaches, taken up in one reach, and Na+ was released in all four reaches. Hyporheic sediments appear to be variable with uptake of Li+ in two reaches, uptake of K+ in one reach, release of K+ in two reaches, and uptake of Na+ in one reach. Mass balances of the conservative and reactive simulations show that from 1.05 to 2.19 moles of Li+ was adsorbed per reach, but less than 0.3 moles of K+ and less than 0.9 moles of Na+ were released per reach. This suggests that either (1) exchange of another ion which was not analyzed in this experiment or (2) that both ion exchange and sorption control inorganic solute transport. The elevated cation concentrations introduced during the experiment are typical of initial flows in each flow season, which flush accumulated dry salts from the streambed. We propose that the bed sediments (which compose the hyporheic zone) modulate the flushing of these salts during initial flows each season, due to ion exchange and sorption reactions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1007/s10498-004-2260-4","usgsCitation":"Gooseff, M.N., McKnight, D.M., and Runkel, R.L., 2004, Reach-scale cation exchange controls on major ion chemistry of an Antarctic glacial meltwater stream: Aquatic Geochemistry, v. 10, no. 3, p. 221-238, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-004-2260-4.","productDescription":"18 p. ","startPage":"221","endPage":"238","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337288,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c945e4b0f37a93ee9b5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gooseff, Michael N.","contributorId":71880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooseff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}