The purpose of this study is
\n1. to document the geographic distribution of Holocene (deposited in the last 11,000 years) sedimentary lithologies in and along the Spokane River,
\n2. to document the downstream variation of metal contents (especially lead [Pb] and zinc [Zn] ) by sedimentary lithology, and
\n3. to compare the metal contents of different sedimentary lithologies.
This data is used to gain some understanding of the physical and chemical processes that control those metal contents. It is hoped this study can be used to guide potential future remedial actions aimed at reducing the biologic impact of metal-enriched sediments in this area. This work was undertaken in cooperation with the Washington Department of Ecology and the Environmental Protection Agency.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02126","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington Department of Ecology and the Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Box, S.E., and Wallis, J., 2002, Surficial geology along the Spokane River, Washington and its relationship to the metal content of sediments (Idaho-Washington stateline to Latah Creek confluence): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-126, Report: 76 p.; Readme; Metadata: Digital package; 5 Shapefiles; Geochemical data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02126.","productDescription":"Report: 76 p.; Readme; Metadata: Digital package; 5 Shapefiles; Geochemical data","numberOfPages":"76","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160808,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02126.jpg"},{"id":2876,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0126/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110288,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51393.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"51393"},{"id":283459,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0126/pdf/of02-126.PDF","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Spokane River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.5,\n 47.625\n ],\n [\n -116.9,\n 47.625\n ],\n [\n -116.9,\n 47.6917\n ],\n [\n -117.5,\n 47.6917\n ],\n [\n -117.5,\n 47.625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688bf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Box, Stephen E. 0000-0002-5268-8375 sbox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-8375","contributorId":1843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Box","given":"Stephen","email":"sbox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wallis, John C.","contributorId":45755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallis","given":"John C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":38282,"text":"pp1659 - 2002 - Structural geology of western part of Lemhi Range, east-central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-14T08:55:34","indexId":"pp1659","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1659","title":"Structural geology of western part of Lemhi Range, east-central Idaho","docAbstract":"The Poison Creek Anticline is a major fold that occupies a large part of the western part of the Lemhi Range. The fold is now broken by normal faults, but removal of displacement on the normal faults permitted reconstruction of the anticline. The fold formed during late Mesozoic compressional deformation in the hinterland of the Cordilleran thrust belt. It is in the hanging wall of the Poison Creek thrust fault, a major fault in east-central Idaho, that displaced Proterozoic strata over lower Paleozoic rocks.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/pp1659","usgsCitation":"Tysdal, R.G., 2002, Structural geology of western part of Lemhi Range, east-central Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1659, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1659.","productDescription":"33 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1659/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":3509,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1659/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":64661,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1659/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Western Part of Lemhi Range","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4950","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tysdal, Russell G.","contributorId":1700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tysdal","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":219525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185662,"text":"70185662 - 2002 - Chemical evolution of the Salton Sea, California: Nutrient and selenium dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-16T19:32:21.489929","indexId":"70185662","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical evolution of the Salton Sea, California: Nutrient and selenium dynamics","docAbstract":"The Salton Sea is a 1000-km2 terminal lake located in the desert area of southeastern California. This saline (∼44 000 mg l−1 dissolved solids) lake started as fresh water in 1905–07 by accidental flooding of the Colorado River, and it is maintained by agricultural runoff of irrigation water diverted from the Colorado River. The Salton Sea and surrounding wetlands have recently acquired substantial ecological importance because of the death of large numbers of birds and fish, and the establishment of a program to restore the health of the Sea. In this report, we present new data on the salinity and concentration of selected chemicals in the Salton Sea water, porewater and sediments, emphasizing the constituents of concern: nutrients (N and P), Se and salinity. Chemical profiles from a Salton Sea core estimated to have a sedimentation rate of 2.3 mm yr−1 show increasing concentrations of OC, N, and P in younger sediment that are believed to reflect increasing eutrophication of the lake. Porewater profiles from two locations in the Sea show that diffusion from bottom sediment is only a minor source of nutrients to the overlying water as compared to irrigation water inputs. Although loss of N and Se by microbial-mediated volatilization is possible, comparison of selected element concentrations in river inputs and water and sediments from the Salton Sea indicates that most of the N (from fertilizer) and virtually all of the Se (delivered in irrigation water from the Colorado River) discharged to the Sea still reside within its bottom sediment. Laboratory simulation on mixtures of sediment and water from the Salton Sea suggest that sediment is a potential source of N and Se to the water column under aerobic conditions. Hence, it is important that any engineered changes made to the Salton Sea for remediation or for transfer of water out of the basin do not result in remobilization of nutrients and Se from the bottom sediment into the overlying water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1023/A:1016557012305","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, R.A., Orem, W.H., and Kharaka, Y.K., 2002, Chemical evolution of the Salton Sea, California: Nutrient and selenium dynamics: Hydrobiologia, v. 473, no. 1, p. 23-45, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016557012305.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"45","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338367,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Salton Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.03897094726562,\n 33.5608510182527\n ],\n [\n -116.12136840820312,\n 33.52536850360117\n ],\n [\n -115.99777221679686,\n 33.31331547642762\n ],\n [\n -115.74371337890625,\n 33.05701850585396\n ],\n [\n -115.57754516601561,\n 33.19388015067254\n ],\n [\n -115.55145263671876,\n 33.28347195224924\n ],\n [\n -115.77392578125,\n 33.42571077612917\n ],\n [\n -115.95108032226561,\n 33.55398457177033\n ],\n [\n -115.99639892578125,\n 33.55627344791359\n ],\n [\n -116.03897094726562,\n 33.5608510182527\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"473","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da2539e4b0543bf7fda847","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, Roy A. raschroe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Roy","email":"raschroe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":686270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orem, William H. 0000-0003-4990-0539 borem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"William","email":"borem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kharaka, Yousif K. 0000-0001-9861-8260 ykharaka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-8260","contributorId":1928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Yousif","email":"ykharaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31565,"text":"ofr01434 - 2002 - User's guide to SEAWAT; a computer program for simulation of three-dimensional variable-density ground-water flow","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":31565,"text":"ofr01434 - 2002 - User's guide to SEAWAT; a computer program for simulation of three-dimensional variable-density ground-water flow","indexId":"ofr01434","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"User's guide to SEAWAT; a computer program for simulation of three-dimensional variable-density ground-water flow"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39770,"text":"twri06A7 - 2002 - User's guide to SEAWAT; a computer program for simulation of three-dimensional variable-density ground-water flow","indexId":"twri06A7","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"User's guide to SEAWAT; a computer program for simulation of three-dimensional variable-density ground-water flow"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":39770,"text":"twri06A7 - 2002 - User's guide to SEAWAT; a computer program for simulation of three-dimensional variable-density ground-water flow","indexId":"twri06A7","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"User's guide to SEAWAT; a computer program for simulation of three-dimensional variable-density ground-water flow"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:12","indexId":"ofr01434","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-434","title":"User's guide to SEAWAT; a computer program for simulation of three-dimensional variable-density ground-water flow","docAbstract":"This report has been superceded by TWRI Book 6, Chapter A7","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01434","usgsCitation":"Guo, W., and Langevin, C., 2002, User's guide to SEAWAT; a computer program for simulation of three-dimensional variable-density ground-water flow (Superceded by TWRI 06-A7): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-434, 77 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01434.","productDescription":"77 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2773,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr01434/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Superceded by TWRI 06-A7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603e0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guo, Weixing","contributorId":28641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Weixing","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langevin, C.D.","contributorId":25976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":61462,"text":"mf2377 - 2002 - Generalized geologic map of part of the upper Animas River watershed and vicinity, Silverton, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T09:14:08","indexId":"mf2377","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2377","title":"Generalized geologic map of part of the upper Animas River watershed and vicinity, Silverton, Colorado","docAbstract":" This dataset represents geology compiled for the upper Animas River Watershed near Silverton, Colorado. The source data used are derived from 1:24,000, 1:20,000, 1:48,000 and 1:250,000-scale geologic maps by geologists who have worked in this area since the early 1960's.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological ","doi":"10.3133/mf2377","usgsCitation":"Yager, D., and Bove, D.J., 2002, Generalized geologic map of part of the upper Animas River watershed and vicinity, Silverton, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2377, Sheet 49 by 30 inches (in color), https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2377.","productDescription":"Sheet 49 by 30 inches (in color)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6033,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2002/mf-2377/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110286,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_50332.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"50332"}],"scale":"48000","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.86749999999999,37.75 ], [ -107.86749999999999,38 ], [ -107.5,38 ], [ -107.5,37.75 ], [ -107.86749999999999,37.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e486de4b07f02db50bd27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, D.B. 0000-0001-5074-4022","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-4022","contributorId":107330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"D.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bove, D. J.","contributorId":70767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bove","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31014,"text":"wri024043 - 2002 - A logistic regression equation for estimating the probability of a stream flowing perennially in Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:06","indexId":"wri024043","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4043","title":"A logistic regression equation for estimating the probability of a stream flowing perennially in Massachusetts","docAbstract":"A logistic regression equation was developed for estimating the probability of a stream flowing perennially at a specific site in Massachusetts. The equation provides city and town conservation commissions and the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection with an additional method for assessing whether streams are perennial or intermittent at a specific site in Massachusetts. This information is needed to assist these environmental agencies, who administer the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Rivers Protection Act of 1996, which establishes a 200-foot-wide protected riverfront area extending along the length of each side of the stream from the mean annual high-water line along each side of perennial streams, with exceptions in some urban areas. The equation was developed by relating the verified perennial or intermittent status of a stream site to selected basin characteristics of naturally flowing streams (no regulation by dams, surface-water withdrawals, ground-water withdrawals, diversion, waste-water discharge, and so forth) in Massachusetts. Stream sites used in the analysis were identified as perennial or intermittent on the basis of review of measured streamflow at sites throughout Massachusetts and on visual observation at sites in the South Coastal Basin, southeastern Massachusetts. Measured or observed zero flow(s) during months of extended drought as defined by the 310 Code of Massachusetts Regulations (CMR) 10.58(2)(a) were not considered when designating the perennial or intermittent status of a stream site. The database used to develop the equation included a total of 305 stream sites (84 intermittent- and 89 perennial-stream sites in the State, and 50 intermittent- and 82 perennial-stream sites in the South Coastal Basin). Stream sites included in the database had drainage areas that ranged from 0.14 to 8.94 square miles in the State and from 0.02 to 7.00 square miles in the South Coastal Basin.Results of the logistic regression analysis indicate that the probability of a stream flowing perennially at a specific site in Massachusetts can be estimated as a function of (1) drainage area (cube root), (2) drainage density, (3) areal percentage of stratified-drift deposits (square root), (4) mean basin slope, and (5) location in the South Coastal Basin or the remainder of the State. Although the equation developed provides an objective means for estimating the probability of a stream flowing perennially at a specific site, the reliability of the equation is constrained by the data used to develop the equation. The equation may not be reliable for (1) drainage areas less than 0.14 square mile in the State or less than 0.02 square mile in the South Coastal Basin, (2) streams with losing reaches, or (3) streams draining the southern part of the South Coastal Basin and the eastern part of the Buzzards Bay Basin and the entire area of Cape Cod and the Islands Basins.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024043","usgsCitation":"Bent, G.C., and Archfield, S.A., 2002, A logistic regression equation for estimating the probability of a stream flowing perennially in Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4043, 45 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024043.","productDescription":"45 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3012,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024043","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae182","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bent, Gardner C. 0000-0002-5085-3146 gbent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5085-3146","contributorId":1864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bent","given":"Gardner","email":"gbent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archfield, Stacey A. 0000-0002-9011-3871 sarch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-3871","contributorId":1874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archfield","given":"Stacey","email":"sarch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31013,"text":"wri024042 - 2002 - Simulation of a proposed emergency outlet from Devils Lake, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T12:55:21","indexId":"wri024042","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4042","title":"Simulation of a proposed emergency outlet from Devils Lake, North Dakota","docAbstract":"From 1993 to 2001, Devils Lake rose more than 25 feet, flooding farmland, roads, and structures around the lake and causing more than $400 million in damages in the Devils Lake Basin. In July 2001, the level of Devils Lake was at 1,448.0 feet above sea level1, which was the highest lake level in more than 160 years. The lake could continue to rise to several feet above its natural spill elevation to the Sheyenne River (1,459 feet above sea level) in future years, causing extensive additional flooding in the basin and, in the event of an uncontrolled natural spill, downstream in the Red River of the North Basin as well. The outlet simulation model described in this report was developed to determine the potential effects of various outlet alternatives on the future lake levels and water quality of Devils Lake.
Lake levels of Devils Lake are controlled largely by precipitation on the lake surface, evaporation from the lake surface, and surface inflow. For this study, a monthly water-balance model was developed to compute the change in total volume of Devils Lake, and a regression model was used to estimate monthly water-balance data on the basis of limited recorded data. Estimated coefficients for the regression model indicated fitted precipitation on the lake surface was greater than measured precipitation in most months, fitted evaporation from the lake surface was less than estimated evaporation in most months, and ungaged inflow was about 2 percent of gaged inflow in most months.
Dissolved sulfate was considered to be the key water-quality constituent for evaluating the effects of a proposed outlet on downstream water quality. Because large differences in sulfate concentrations existed among the various bays of Devils Lake, monthly water-balance data were used to develop detailed water and sulfate mass-balance models to compute changes in sulfate load for each of six major storage compartments in response to precipitation, evaporation, inflow, and outflow from each compartment. The storage compartments--five for Devils Lake and one for Stump Lake--were connected by bridge openings, culverts, or natural channels that restricted mixing between compartments. A numerical algorithm was developed to calculate inflow and outflow from each compartment.
Sulfate loads for the storage compartments first were calculated using the assumptions that no interaction occurred between the bottom sediments and the water column and no wind- or buoyancy-induced mixing occurred between compartments. However, because the fitted sulfate loads did not agree with the estimated sulfate loads, which were obtained from recorded sulfate concentrations, components were added to the sulfate mass-balance model to account for the flux of sulfate between bottom sediments and the lake and for mixing between storage compartments. Mixing between compartments can occur during periods of open water because of wind and during periods of ice cover because of water-density differences between compartments. Sulfate loads calculated using the sulfate mass-balance model with sediment interaction and mixing between compartments closely matched sulfate loads computed from historical concentrations.
The water and sulfate mass-balance models were used to calculate potential future lake levels and sulfate concentrations for Devils Lake and Stump Lake given potential future values of monthly precipitation, evaporation, and inflow. Potential future inputs were generated using a scenario approach and a stochastic approach. In the scenario approach, historical values of precipitation, evaporation, and inflow were repeated in the future for a particular sequence of historical years. In the stochastic approach, a statistical time-series model was developed to randomly generate potential future inputs. The scenario approach was used to evaluate the effectiveness of various outlet alternatives, and the stochastic approach was used to evaluate the hydrologic and water-quality effects of the potential outlet alternatives that were selected on the basis of the scenario analysis.
Given potential future lake levels and sulfate concentrations generated using either the scenario or stochastic approach and potential future ambient flows and sulfate concentrations for the Sheyenne River receiving waters, daily outlet discharges could be calculated for virtually any outlet alternative. For the scenario approach, future ambient flows and sulfate concentrations for the Sheyenne River were generated using the same sequence of years used for generating water-balance data for Devils Lake. For the stochastic approach, a procedure was developed for generating daily Sheyenne River flows and sulfate concentrations that were \"in-phase\" with the generated water-balance data for Devils Lake.
Simulation results for the scenario approach indicated that neither of the West Bay outlet alternatives provided effective flood-damage reduction without exceeding downstream water-quality constraints. However, both Pelican Lake outlet alternatives provided significant flood-damage reduction with only minor downstream water-quality changes. The most effective alternative for controlling rising lake levels was a Pelican Lake outlet with a 480-cubic-foot-per-second pump capacity and a 250-milligram-per-liter downstream sulfate constraint. However, this plan is costly because of the high pump capacity and the requirement of a control structure on Highway 19 to control the level of Pelican Lake. A less costly, though less effective for flood-damage reduction, plan is a Pelican Lake outlet with a 300-cubic-foot-per-second pump capacity and a 250-milligram-per-liter downstream sulfate constraint. The plan is less costly because the pump capacity is smaller and because the control structure on Highway 19 is not required. The less costly Pelican Lake alternative with a 450-milligramper- liter downstream sulfate constraint rather than a 250-milligram-per-liter downstream sulfate constraint was identified by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as the preferred alternative for detailed design and engineering analysis.
Simulation results for the stochastic approach indicated that the geologic history of lake-level fluctuations of Devils Lake for the past 2,500 years was consistent with a climatic history that consisted of two climate states--a wet state, similar to conditions during 1980-99, and a normal state, similar to conditions during 1950-78. The transition times between the wet and normal climatic periods occurred randomly. The average duration of the wet climatic periods was 20 years, and the average duration of the normal climatic periods was 120 years.
The stochastic approach was used to generate 10,000 independent sequences of lake levels and sulfate concentrations for Devils Lake for water years 2001-50. Each trace began with the same starting conditions, and the duration of the current wet cycle was generated randomly for each trace. Each trace was generated for the baseline (natural) condition and for the Pelican Lake outlet with a 300-cubic-foot-per-second pump capacity and a 450-milligram-per-liter downstream sulfate constraint. The outlet significantly lowered the probabilities of future lake-level increases within the next 50 years and did not substantially increase the probabilities of reaching low lake levels or poor water-quality conditions during the same period.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024042","usgsCitation":"Vecchia, A.V., 2002, Simulation of a proposed emergency outlet from Devils Lake, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4042, 129 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024042.","productDescription":"129 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3011,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://nd.water.usgs.gov/pubs/wri/wri024042/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a1e4b07f02db5be14f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70161979,"text":"70161979 - 2002 - Translocations of amphibians: Proven management method or experimental technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T12:45:27","indexId":"70161979","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Translocations of amphibians: Proven management method or experimental technique","docAbstract":"In an otherwise excellent review of metapopulation dynamics in amphibians, Marsh and Trenham (2001) make the following provocative statements (emphasis added):
\n\n\n\n\nIf isolation effects occur primarily in highly disturbed habitats, species translocations may be necessary to promote local and regional population persistence. Because most amphibians lack parental care, they areprime candidates for egg and larval translocations. Indeed, translocations have already proven successful for several species of amphibians.
\n
\n\n\n\nWhere populations are severely isolated, translocations into extinct subpopulations may be the best strategy to promote regional population persistence.
\n
We take issue with these statements for a number of reasons. First, the authors fail to cite much of the relevant literature on species translocations in general and for amphibians in particular. Second, to those unfamiliar with current research in amphibian conservation biology, these comments might suggest that translocations are a proven management method. This is not the case, at least in most instances where translocations have been evaluated for an appropriate period of time. Finally, the authors fail to point out some of the negative aspects of species translocation as a management method. We realize that Marsh and Trenham's paper was not concerned primarily with translocations. However, because Marsh and Trenham (2001) made specific recommendations for conservation planners and managers (many of whom are not herpetologists or may not be familiar with the pertinent literature on amphibians), we believe that it is essential to point out that not all amphibian biologists are as comfortable with translocations as these authors appear to be. We especially urge caution about advocating potentially unproven techniques without a thorough review of available options.
\nThis report describes the history of roads through the Lower Glades of Everglades National Park, Florida and their influence on salinity intrusion. The chronology that lead to this work is interesting. The U.S. Geological Survey flew a series of helicopter electromagnetic surveys over portions of Everglades National Park to map saltwater intrusion starting in 1994 (Fitterman et al., 1995; Fitterman, 1996; Fitterman and Deszcz-Pan, 1998, 2002). These surveys identified variations in the electrical resistivity that were associated with changes in ground-water quality. The patterns of ground-water quality have been traced to natural saltwater intrusion, such as the effect of tidal rivers on lowering hydrologic heads far inland, and the influence of man-made structures, such as canals and roadways on surface water flow. These latter effects are of interest as they represent variations from the natural state of affairs in the park.
Previous investigations had been done by Everglades National Park staff on the influence of some roads and canals on the near surface hydrology. This information was scattered through a number of National Park Service publications. In an effort to bring these materials together in an easily located reference, along with new data on flows through culverts beneath the main park road, this report was written.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0259","usgsCitation":"The road to flamingo: An evaluation of flow pattern alterations and salinity intrusion in the lower glades, Everglades National Park; 2002; OFR; 2002-59; Stewart, M. A.; Bhatt, T. N.; Fennema, R. J.; Fitterman, D. V.","productDescription":"36 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400064,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0059/ofr-02-0059.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.34 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2002-0059"},{"id":160590,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0059/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.19255002268427,\n 26.455912977980674\n ],\n [\n -81.54181740018961,\n 26.455912977980674\n ],\n [\n -81.54181740018961,\n 25.021398805919503\n ],\n [\n -80.19255002268427,\n 25.021398805919503\n ],\n [\n -80.19255002268427,\n 26.455912977980674\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Samples were collected from 59 noncommunity water supplies in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania from September 2000 to January 2001 and analyzed for pathogens and microbiological indicator organisms. The pathogens sampled were culturable viruses and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). The indicator organisms sampled were total coliform, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens), somatic coliphage, male- specific coliphage, and enterococcus. The two primary areas sampled for the project completed by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PaDEP), were carbonate aquifers and crystalline aquifers. The results of all sampling showed culturable viruses were detected in 8 percent of the wells, H. pyloriin 7 percent of the wells, E. coli in 12 percent of the wells, total coliform in 46 percent of the wells, C. perfringens in 15 percent of the wells, somatic coliphage in 8 percent of the wells, male-specific coliphage in 5 percent of the wells, and enterococcus in 14 percent of the wells. Carbonate aquifers tended to have higher detection rates for the pathogens and indicators sampled than the crystalline aquifers. Detections of the pathogens and indicator organisms were not related statistically to the amounts of urban, agricultural, or forested area in a 1,500-foot radius around the sampled well. Somatic and male-specific coliphage showed the best relation to occurrence of culturable viruses. Culturable viruses and H. pylori were detected in wells in which no indicator organisms were present; therefore, none of the indicator organisms sampled provide complete assurance of pathogenfree water. The best predictive tool for virus screening was a combination of indicator organisms.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014268","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Water Supply and Wastewater Management","usgsCitation":"Lindsey, B., Rasberry, J.S., and Zimmerman, T., 2002, Microbiological quality of water from noncommunity supply wells in carbonate and crystalline aquifers of Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4268, v, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014268.","productDescription":"v, 30 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351223,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4268/wri20014268.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.79 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2001-4268"},{"id":160860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4268/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0276","usgsCitation":"Hudson, T.L., and Millholland, M., 2002, Alaska resource data file: Lime Hills quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-76, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0276.","productDescription":"73 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2862,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":389308,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_50928.htm"},{"id":160805,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":486360,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0076/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Lime Hills quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.0,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -153,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -153,\n 62.0\n ],\n [\n -156.0,\n 62.0\n ],\n [\n -156.0,\n 61\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db688eb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, T. L.","contributorId":13992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millholland, M.A.","contributorId":70811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millholland","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31602,"text":"ofr02100 - 2002 - Geologic interpretation of aeromagnetic maps in the Santa Cruz basin: Patagonia Mountains area, south-central Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T19:50:09.662786","indexId":"ofr02100","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-100","title":"Geologic interpretation of aeromagnetic maps in the Santa Cruz basin: Patagonia Mountains area, south-central Arizona","docAbstract":"High resolution aeromagnetic data for the Santa Cruz basin - Patagonia Mountains region of south-central Arizona (USGS, 2000) can be combined with geologic mapped regions to reconfirm known geologic features, extend known features, and suggest new possibilities. These include mapping of lava flows, mapping of igneous intrusions, mapping of faults, and the mapping of basement rocks which lie beneath sediments. The processed maps of interest for a geologic interpretation include the reduced-to-the-pole magnetic map (Phillips, Plate 3), the depth estimate by the horizontal gradient method (Phillips, Plate 6), and the basin depth estimates map.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02100","usgsCitation":"Rystrom, V., Finn, C., and King, T.V., 2002, Geologic interpretation of aeromagnetic maps in the Santa Cruz basin: Patagonia Mountains area, south-central Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-100, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02100.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02100.gif"},{"id":410877,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51238.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2868,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0100/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0100/intro.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.1728,\n 31.333\n ],\n [\n -111.1728,\n 31.7897\n ],\n [\n -110.6728,\n 31.7897\n ],\n [\n -110.6728,\n 31.333\n ],\n [\n -111.1728,\n 31.333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a54ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rystrom, V. L.","contributorId":41484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rystrom","given":"V. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, C. A. 0000-0002-6178-0405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":93917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"King, Trude V. V.","contributorId":6712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Trude","email":"","middleInitial":"V. V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31005,"text":"wri20014186 - 2002 - Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of wastewater compounds by polystyrene-divinylbenzene solid-phase extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-19T19:39:06","indexId":"wri20014186","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4186","displayTitle":"Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory - Determination of Wastewater Compounds by Polystyrene-Divinylbenzene Solid-Phase Extraction and Capillary-Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry","title":"Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of wastewater compounds by polystyrene-divinylbenzene solid-phase extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"A method for the determination of 67 compounds typically found in domestic and industrial wastewater is described. The method was developed in response to increasing concern over the impact of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in wastewater on aquatic organisms. This method also may be useful for evaluating the impact of combined sanitary and storm-sewer overflow on the water quality of urban streams. The method focuses on the determination of compounds that are an indicator of wastewater or that have been chosen on the basis of their endocrine-disrupting potential or toxicity. These compounds include the alkylphenol ethoxylate nonionic surfactants and their degradates, food additives, fragrances, antioxidants, flame retardants, plasticizers, industrial solvents, disinfectants, fecal sterols, polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons, and high-use domestic pesticides.\r\n\r\nWater samples are filtered to remove suspended particulate matter and then are extracted by vacuum through disposable solid-phase cartridges that contain polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin. Cartridges are dried with nitrogen gas, and then sorbed compounds are eluted with dichloromethane-diethyl ether (4:1) and determined by capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Recoveries in reagent-water samples fortified at 4 micrograms per liter averaged 74 percent ? 7 percent relative standard deviation for all method compounds. Initial method detection limits for single-component compounds (excluding hormones and sterols) averaged 0.15 microgram per liter. Samples are preserved by filtration, the addition of 60 grams NaCl, and storage at 4 degrees Celsius. The laboratory has established a sample-holding time (prior to sample extraction) of 14 days from the date of sample collection until a statistically accepted method can be used to determine the effectiveness of these sample-preservation procedures.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20014186","usgsCitation":"Zaugg, S.D., Smith, S.G., Schroeder, M.P., Barber, L.B., and Burkhardt, M.R., 2002, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of wastewater compounds by polystyrene-divinylbenzene solid-phase extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Version 1.1, Revised 2007): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4186, vii, 37 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014186.","productDescription":"vii, 37 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10343,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri014186/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.1, Revised 2007","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62bb11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zaugg, Steven D. sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":204563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Steven G. sgsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Steven","email":"sgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":204565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schroeder, Michael P.","contributorId":103303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burkhardt, Mark R.","contributorId":27872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":33073,"text":"b2185 - 2002 - Response plan for volcano hazards in the Long Valley Caldera and Mono Craters region, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-10T09:11:16","indexId":"b2185","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2185","title":"Response plan for volcano hazards in the Long Valley Caldera and Mono Craters region, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/b2185","isbn":"0607984880","usgsCitation":"Hill, D.P., Dzurisin, D., Ellsworth, W.L., Endo, E.T., Galloway, D., Gerlach, T.M., Johnston, M.S., Langbein, J.O., McGee, K.A., Miller, C.D., Oppenheimer, D., and Sorey, M.L., 2002, Response plan for volcano hazards in the Long Valley Caldera and Mono Craters region, California: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2185, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2185.","productDescription":"65 p.","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3277,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2185/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera, Mono Craters","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.69030761718749,\n 36.74768773190056\n ],\n [\n -117.16918945312499,\n 36.74768773190056\n ],\n [\n -117.16918945312499,\n 38.453588708941375\n ],\n [\n -120.69030761718749,\n 38.453588708941375\n ],\n [\n -120.69030761718749,\n 36.74768773190056\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db628375","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, David P. hill@usgs.gov","contributorId":2600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"David","email":"hill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":209819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dzurisin, Daniel 0000-0002-0138-5067 dzurisin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-5067","contributorId":538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"Daniel","email":"dzurisin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Endo, Elliot T.","contributorId":10439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Endo","given":"Elliot","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Galloway, D. L. 0000-0003-0904-5355","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":31383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":209822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gerlach, Terry M.","contributorId":104958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnston, Malcolm S.J.","contributorId":55879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Malcolm","email":"","middleInitial":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Langbein, John O.","contributorId":72438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"John","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McGee, Ken A.","contributorId":48613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Miller, C. Dan","contributorId":38145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Dan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Oppenheimer, David","contributorId":58323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oppenheimer","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sorey, Michael L.","contributorId":20726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70185143,"text":"70185143 - 2002 - Chromium isotopes and the fate of hexavalent chromium in the environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-15T12:33:06","indexId":"70185143","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chromium isotopes and the fate of hexavalent chromium in the environment","docAbstract":"Measurements of chromium (Cr) stable-isotope fractionation in laboratory experiments and natural waters show that lighter isotopes reacted preferentially during Cr(VI) reduction by magnetite and sediments. The 53Cr/52Cr ratio of the product was 3.4 ± 0.1 per mil less than that of the reactant.53Cr/52Cr shifts in water samples indicate the extent of reduction, a critical process that renders toxic Cr(VI) in the environment immobile and less toxic.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.1068368","usgsCitation":"Ellis, A.S., Johnson, T.M., and Bullen, T.D., 2002, Chromium isotopes and the fate of hexavalent chromium in the environment: Science, v. 295, no. 5562, p. 2060-2062, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1068368.","productDescription":"3 p. ","startPage":"2060","endPage":"2062","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337627,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"295","issue":"5562","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52d4e4b0849ce97c86f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, Andre S.","contributorId":189333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ellis","given":"Andre","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Thomas M.","contributorId":174200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16984,"text":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, Thomas D. 0000-0003-2281-1691 tdbullen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-1691","contributorId":1969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"Thomas","email":"tdbullen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70242862,"text":"70242862 - 2002 - Analysis of long-period events recorded at Mount Etna (Italy) in 1992, and their relationship to eruptive activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-20T15:17:22.189589","indexId":"70242862","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-14T10:11:38","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of long-period events recorded at Mount Etna (Italy) in 1992, and their relationship to eruptive activity","docAbstract":"Seismic activity recorded at Mount Etna during 1992 was characterized by long-period (LP) events and tremor with fluctuating amplitudes. These signals were associated with the evolution of the eruptive activity that began on December 14, 1991. Following the occurrence of numerous volcano-tectonic earthquakes at the onset of the eruption, LP events dominated the overall seismicity starting in January, 1992. The LP activity occurred primarily in swarms, which were temporally correlated with episodic collapses of the crater floor in the Northeast Crater. Source depths determined for selected LP events suggest a source region located slightly east of Northeast Crater and extending from the surface to a depth of 2000 m. Based on the characteristic signatures of the time series, four families of LP events are identified. Each family shares common spectral peaks independent of azimuth and distance to the source. These spectral features are used to develop a fluid-filled crack model of the source. We hypothesize that the locus of the LP events represents a segment of the magma feeding system connecting a depressurizing magma body with a dike extending in the SSE direction along the western wall of Valle del Bove, toward the site of the Mount Etna eruption. We surmise that magma withdrawal from the source volume beneath Northeast Crater may have caused repeated collapses of the crater floor. Some collapse events may have produced pressure transients in the subjacent dike which acted as seismic wave sources for LP events.
One of the current controversies in Cordilleran tectonics concerns the position of Baja California prior to ∼300 km of opening of the Gulf of California. Geologic arguments, together with paleomagnetic results from Lower Cretaceous volcanic rocks, suggest that the rocks of the Baja Peninsula formed and evolved along the coast of northwestern Mexico prior to opening of the Gulf. In contrast, paleomagnetic data from Cretaceous–early Tertiary plutonic rocks and clastic strata have been interpreted by some workers to suggest that Baja was located near southern Mexico at approximately 80 Ma. The presence of similar detrital zircon ages in lower Paleozoic quartzites of northeast Baja and in lower Paleozoic strata east of the Gulf, in northwestern Mexico and southwestern US, provides strong support for the northern paleoposition, suggesting that Baja has been transported northward by only ∼300 km
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00542-3","usgsCitation":"Gehrels, G., Stewart, J., and Ketner, K.B., 2002, Cordilleran-margin quartzites in Baja California – implications for tectonic transport: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 199, no. 1-2, p. 201-210, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00542-3.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"210","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373044,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Baja California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.88281249999999,\n 41.31082388091818\n ],\n [\n -130.869140625,\n 37.92686760148135\n ],\n [\n -110.0390625,\n 16.88865978738161\n ],\n [\n -102.3046875,\n 21.861498734372567\n ],\n [\n -119.88281249999999,\n 41.31082388091818\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"199","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gehrels, G.E.","contributorId":211571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gehrels","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":784441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, John H.","contributorId":14383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"John H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ketner, Keith B.","contributorId":957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketner","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":784443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70200565,"text":"70200565 - 2002 - Anderson receives 2001 Bowen Award","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T10:35:27","indexId":"70200565","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-05T10:35:08","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anderson receives 2001 Bowen Award","docAbstract":"Alfred T. Anderson, Jr. received the Bowen Award, presented by the Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology Section at the 2001 Fall Meeting in San Francisco, California, last December.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002EO000064","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C.R., and Anderson, A.T., 2002, Anderson receives 2001 Bowen Award: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 83, no. 10, p. 106-107, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002EO000064.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"107","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358720,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10f1a8e4b034bf6a805f06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, Charles R. 0000-0002-2165-5618 cbacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":2909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Charles","email":"cbacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Alfred T.","contributorId":210019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70246278,"text":"70246278 - 2002 - Evaluation of the effects of turbulence on the behaviour of migratory fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-29T15:54:18.788128","indexId":"70246278","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T10:45:33","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":16137,"text":"Bonneville Power Administration Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"DOE/BP-00000022-1","title":"Evaluation of the effects of turbulence on the behaviour of migratory fish","docAbstract":"The fundamental influence of fluid dynamics on aquatic organisms is receiving increasing attention among aquatic ecologists. For example, the importance of turbulence to ocean plankton has long been a subject of investigation (Peters and Redondo 1997). More recently, studies have begun to emerge that explicitly consider the effects of shear and turbulence on freshwater invertebrates (Statzner et al. 1988; Hart et al. 1996) and fishes (Pavlov et al. 1994, 1995).
Hydraulic shear stress and turbulence are interdependent natural hydraulic phenomena that are important to fish, and consequently it is important to develop an understanding of how fish sense, react to, and perhaps utilize these phenomena under normal river flows. The appropriate reaction to turbulence may promote movement of migratory fish (Coutant 1998) or prevent displacement of resident fish. It has been suggested that one of the adverse effects of flow regulation by hydroelectric projects is the reduction of normal turbulence, particularly in the headwaters of reservoirs, which can lead to disorientation and slowing of migration (Williams et al. 1996; Coutant et al. 1997; Coutant 1998). On the other hand, greatly elevated levels of shear and turbulence may be injurious to fish; injuries can range from removal of the mucous layer on the body surface to descaling to torn opercula, popped eyes, and decapitation (Neitzel et al. 2000a,b). Damaging levels of fluid stress, such turbulence, can occur in a variety of circumstances in both natural and man-made environments.
This report discusses the effects of shear stress and turbulence on fish, with an emphasis on potentially damaging levels in man-made environments. It defines these phenomena, describes studies that have been conducted to understand their effects, and identifies gaps in our knowledge. In particular, this report reviews the available information on the levels of turbulence that can occur within hydroelectric power plants, and the associated biological effects. Furthermore, this report describes an experimental apparatus designed to test the effect of turbulence on fish, and defines its hydraulics. It gives the results of experiments in which three different fish species were exposed to representative levels of turbulence in the laboratory.
","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Odeh, M., Noreika, J., Haro, A., Maynard, A., Castro-Santos, T.R., and Cada, G.F., 2002, Evaluation of the effects of turbulence on the behaviour of migratory fish: Bonneville Power Administration Report DOE/BP-00000022-1, iv, 46 p.","productDescription":"iv, 46 p.","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":418631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":418630,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://tethys.pnnl.gov/publications/evaluation-effects-turbulence-behaviour-migratory-fish"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Odeh, Mufeed","contributorId":69746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odeh","given":"Mufeed","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noreika, John 0000-0002-6637-5812 jnoreika@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6637-5812","contributorId":167858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noreika","given":"John","email":"jnoreika@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":876616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haro, Alexander 0000-0002-7188-9172 aharo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-9172","contributorId":139198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"Alexander","email":"aharo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":876617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maynard, Aubin","contributorId":315477,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maynard","given":"Aubin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Castro-Santos, Theodore R. 0000-0003-2575-9120 tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-9120","contributorId":3321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro-Santos","given":"Theodore","email":"tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":876619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cada, G. F.","contributorId":67820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cada","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70159698,"text":"70159698 - 2002 - Artificial intelligence based decision support for trumpeter swan management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-23T19:01:45.380559","indexId":"70159698","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Artificial intelligence based decision support for trumpeter swan management","docAbstract":"The number of trumpeter swans (Cygnus buccinator) breeding in the Tri-State area where Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming come together has declined to just a few hundred pairs. However, these birds are part of the Rocky Mountain Population which additionally has over 3,500 birds breeding in Alberta, British Columbia, Northwest Territories, and Yukon Territory. To a large degree, these birds seem to have abandoned traditional migratory pathways in the flyway. Waterfowl managers have been interested in decision support tools that would help them explore simulated management scenarios in their quest towards reaching population recovery and the reestablishment of traditional migratory pathways. I have developed a decision support system to assist biologists with such management, especially related to wetland ecology. Decision support systems use a combination of models, analytical techniques, and information retrieval to help develop and evaluate appropriate alternatives. Swan management is a domain that is ecologically complex, and this complexity is compounded by spatial and temporal issues. As such, swan management is an inherently distributed problem. Therefore, the ecological context for modeling swan movements in response to management actions was built as a multiagent system of interacting intelligent agents that implements a queuing model representing swan migration. These agents accessed ecological knowledge about swans, their habitats, and flyway management principles from three independent expert systems. The agents were autonomous, had some sensory capability, and could respond to changing conditions. A key problem when developing ecological decision support systems is empirically determining that the recommendations provided are valid. Because Rocky Mountain trumpeter swans have been surveyed for a long period of time, I was able to compare simulated distributions provided by the system with actual field observations across 20 areas for the period 1988-2000. Applying the Matched Pairs Multivariate Permutation Test as a statistical tool was a new approach for comparing flyway distributions of waterfowl over time that seemed to work well. Based on this approach, the empirical evidence that I gathered led me to conclude that the base queuing model does accurately simulate swan distributions in the flyway. The system was insensitive to almost all model parameters tested. That remains perplexing, but might result from the base queuing model, itself, being particularly effective at representing the actual ecological diversity in the world of Rocky Mountain trumpeter swans, both spatial and temporally.
","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado State University","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Sojda, R.S., 2002, Artificial intelligence based decision support for trumpeter swan management, x, 183 p.","productDescription":"x, 183 p.","startPage":"ii","endPage":"183","numberOfPages":"193","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311467,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.nrmsc.usgs.gov/files/norock/products/Sojda_Dis.pdf"},{"id":311470,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.92822265625,\n 41.244772343082104\n ],\n [\n -113.92822265625,\n 45.42158812329091\n ],\n [\n -108.7646484375,\n 45.42158812329091\n ],\n [\n -108.7646484375,\n 41.244772343082104\n ],\n [\n -113.92822265625,\n 41.244772343082104\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564daf44e4b0112df6c62dea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sojda, Richard S. sojda@usgs.gov","contributorId":1663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sojda","given":"Richard","email":"sojda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30988,"text":"wri014215 - 2002 - Estimates of ground-water recharge, base flow, and stream reach gains and losses in the Willamette River basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-23T14:07:53","indexId":"wri014215","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4215","title":"Estimates of ground-water recharge, base flow, and stream reach gains and losses in the Willamette River basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"Precipitation-runoff models, base-flow-separation techniques, and stream gain-loss measurements were used to study recharge and ground-water surface-water interaction as part of a study of the ground-water resources of the Willamette River Basin. The study was a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey and the State of Oregon Water Resources Department. Precipitation-runoff models were used to estimate the water budget of 216 subbasins in the Willamette River Basin. The models were also used to compute long-term average recharge and base flow. Recharge and base-flow estimates will be used as input to a regional ground-water flow model, within the same study. Recharge and base-flow estimates were made using daily streamflow records. Recharge estimates were made at 16 streamflow-gaging-station locations and were compared to recharge estimates from the precipitation-runoff models. Base-flow separation methods were used to identify the base-flow component of streamflow at 52 currently operated and discontinued streamflow-gaging-station locations. Stream gain-loss measurements were made on the Middle Fork Willamette, Willamette, South Yamhill, Pudding, and South Santiam Rivers, and were used to identify and quantify gaining and losing stream reaches both spatially and temporally. These measurements provide further understanding of ground-water/surface-water interactions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014215","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oregon Water Resources Department","usgsCitation":"Lee, K.K., and Risley, J.C., 2002, Estimates of ground-water recharge, base flow, and stream reach gains and\nlosses in the Willamette River Basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations\nReport 01–4215, 52 p.","productDescription":"52 p., 1 over-size sheet ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2981,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4215/wri01-4215.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PDF of report"}],"contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
http://or.water.usgs.gov