We develop an approach for studying population dynamics resulting from mutualism by employing functional responses based on density‐dependent benefits and costs. These functional responses express how the population growth rate of a mutualist is modified by the density of its partner. We present several possible dependencies of gross benefits and costs, and hence net effects, to a mutualist as functions of the density of its partner. Net effects to mutualists are likely a monotonically saturating or unimodal function of the density of their partner. We show that fundamental differences in the growth, limitation, and dynamics of a population can occur when net effects to that population change linearly, unimodally, or in a saturating fashion. We use the mutualism between senita cactus and its pollinating seed‐eating moth as an example to show the influence of different benefit and cost functional responses on population dynamics and stability of mutualisms. We investigated two mechanisms that may alter this mutualism's functional responses: distribution of eggs among flowers and fruit abortion. Differences in how benefits and costs vary with density can alter the stability of this mutualism. In particular, fruit abortion may allow for a stable equilibrium where none could otherwise exist.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/338510","usgsCitation":"Holland, J.N., DeAngelis, D., and Bronstein, J.L., 2002, Population dynamics and mutualism: Functional responses of benefits and costs: American Naturalist, v. 159, no. 3, p. 231-244, https://doi.org/10.1086/338510.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"244","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314124,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"159","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e04ce4b039675d005e4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holland, J. Nathaniel","contributorId":49912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Nathaniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":147289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":588221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bronstein, Judith L.","contributorId":66084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronstein","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31469,"text":"ofr01277 - 2002 - Geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data from multiple-well monitoring sites in the Central and West Coast basins, Los Angeles County, California, 1995-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-15T16:07:04.814149","indexId":"ofr01277","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-277","title":"Geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data from multiple-well monitoring sites in the Central and West Coast basins, Los Angeles County, California, 1995-2000","docAbstract":"In 1995, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Water Replenishment District of Southern California (WRDSC), began a study to examine ground-water resources in the Central and West Coast Basins in Los Angeles County, California. The study characterizes the geohydrology and geochemistry of the regional ground-water flow system and provides extensive data for evaluating ground-water management issues. This report is a compilation of geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data collected from 24 recently constructed multiple-well monitoring sites for the period 1995–2000.
Descriptions of the collected drill cuttings were compiled into lithologic logs, which are summarized along with geophysical logs—including gamma-ray, spontaneous potential, resistivity, electromagnetic induction, and temperature tool logs—for each monitoring site. At selected sites, cores were analyzed for magnetic orientation, physical and thermal properties, and mineralogy. Field and laboratory estimates of hydraulic conductivity are presented for most multiple-well monitoring sites. Periodic water-level measurements are also reported. Water-quality information for major ions, nutrients, trace elements, deuterium and oxygen-18, and tritium is presented for the multiple-well monitoring locations, and for selected existing production and observation wells. In addition, boron-11, carbon-13, carbon-14, sulfur-34, and strontium-87/86 data are presented for selected wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01277","usgsCitation":"Land, M., Everett, R., and Crawford, S., 2002, Geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data from multiple-well monitoring sites in the Central and West Coast basins, Los Angeles County, California, 1995-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-277, 178 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01277.","productDescription":"178 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2625,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr01277/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160378,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68809b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Land, Michael 0000-0001-5141-0307","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-0307","contributorId":56613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Everett, R.R.","contributorId":81954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Everett","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crawford, S.M.","contributorId":39418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179841,"text":"70179841 - 2002 - Chemistry of selected high-elevation lakes in seven national parks in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T08:29:39","indexId":"70179841","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3729,"text":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution: Focus","onlineIssn":"1573-2940","printIssn":"1567-7230","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemistry of selected high-elevation lakes in seven national parks in the western United States","docAbstract":"A chemical survey of 69 high-altitude lakes in seven national parks in the western United States was conducted during the fallof 1999; the lakes were previously sampled during the fall of 1985, as part of the Western Lake Survey. Lakes in parks in the Sierra/southern Cascades (Lassen Volcanic, Yosemite, Sequoia/Kings Canyon National Parks) and in the southern RockyMountains (Rocky Mountain National Park) were very dilute; medianspecific conductance ranged from 4.4 to 12.2 μS cm-1 andmedian alkalinity concentrations ranged from 32.2 to 72.9 μeqL-1. Specific conductances and alkalinity concentrations were substantially higher in lakes in the central and northernRocky Mountains parks (Grand Teton, Yellowstone, and GlacierNational Parks), probably due to the prevalence of more reactivebedrock types. Regional patterns in lake concentrations of NO3 and SO4 were similar to regional patterns in NO3 and SO4 concentrations in precipitation, suggestingthat the lakes are showing a response to atmospheric deposition.Concentrations of NO3 were particularly high in Rocky Mountain National Park, where some ecosystems appear to be undergoing nitrogen saturation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1020102608378","usgsCitation":"Clow, D.W., Striegl, R.G., Nanus, L., Mast, M.A., Campbell, D.H., and Krabbenhoft, D.P., 2002, Chemistry of selected high-elevation lakes in seven national parks in the western United States: Water, Air, and Soil Pollution: Focus, v. 2, no. 2, p. 139-164, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020102608378.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"164","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333402,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58808d9be4b01dfadfff15bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nanus, Leora","contributorId":27930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nanus","given":"Leora","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Campbell, Donald H. dhcampbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Donald","email":"dhcampbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":658907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70179843,"text":"70179843 - 2002 - Use of natural 35S to trace sulphate cycling in small lakes, Flattops Wilderness Area, Colorado, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T16:16:55","indexId":"70179843","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3729,"text":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution: Focus","onlineIssn":"1573-2940","printIssn":"1567-7230","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of natural 35S to trace sulphate cycling in small lakes, Flattops Wilderness Area, Colorado, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Measurements of the cosmogenically-produced 35S, a radioisotope of sulphur (t1/2 = 87 days), are reported for the Ned Wilson Lake watershed in Colorado. The watershed contains two small lakes and a flowing spring presumed to be representative of local ground water. The watershed is located in the Flattops Wilderness Area and the waters in the system have low alkalinity, making them sensitive to increases in acid and sulphate deposition. Time series of 35S measurements were made during the summers of 1995 and 1996 (July–September) at all three sites. The system is dominated by melting snow and an initial concentration of 16–20 mBq L-1was estimated for snowmelt based on a series of snow samples collected in the Rocky Mountains. The two lakes had large initial 35S concentrations in July, indicating that a large fraction of the lake water and sulphate was introduced by meltwater from that year's snowpack. In 1995 and 1996, 35S concentrations decreased more rapidly than could be accounted for by decay, indicating that other processes were affecting 35S concentrations. The most likely explanation is that exchange with sediments or the biota was removing 35S from the lake and replacing it with older sulphate devoid of 35S. In September of 1995 and 1996, 35S concentrations increased, suggesting that atmospheric deposition is important in the sulphate flux of these lakes in late summer. Sulphur-35 concentrations in the spring water were highly variable but never higher than 3.6 mBq L-1 and averaged 2 mBq L-1. Using a simple mixing model, it was estimated that 75% of the spring water was derived from precipitation of previous years.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1020177802927","usgsCitation":"Michel, R.L., Turk, J.T., Campbell, D.H., and Mast, M.A., 2002, Use of natural 35S to trace sulphate cycling in small lakes, Flattops Wilderness Area, Colorado, U.S.A.: Water, Air, and Soil Pollution: Focus, v. 2, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020177802927.","productDescription":"14 p.","endPage":"5","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333406,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58808d9ae4b01dfadfff15b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michel, Robert L. rlmichel@usgs.gov","contributorId":823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"Robert","email":"rlmichel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turk, John T.","contributorId":53363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, Donald H. dhcampbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Donald","email":"dhcampbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":658914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":30984,"text":"wri014047 - 2002 - Ecological effects on streams from forest fertilization: Literature review and conceptual framework for future study in the western Cascades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-14T21:06:29.437021","indexId":"wri014047","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4047","title":"Ecological effects on streams from forest fertilization: Literature review and conceptual framework for future study in the western Cascades","docAbstract":"Fertilization of forests with urea-nitrogen has been studied numerous times for its effects on water quality. Stream nitrogen concentrations following fertilization are typically elevated during winter, including peaks in the tens-of-thousands of parts per billion range, with summer concentrations often returning to background or near-background levels. Despite these increases, water-quality criteria for nitrogen have rarely been exceeded. However, such criteria are targeted at fish toxicity or human health and are not relevant to concentrations that could cause ecological disturbances.
\nStudies of the responses of stream biota to fertilization have been rare and have targeted either immediate, toxicity-based responses or used methods insensitive to ongoing ecological processes. This report reviews water-quality studies following forest fertilizations, emphasizing Cascade streams in the Pacific Northwest and documented biological responses in those streams. A conceptual model predicting potential ecological response to fertilization, which includes effects on algal growth and primary production, is presented. In this model, applied fertilizer nitrogen reaching streams is mostly exported during winter. However, some nitrogen retained in soils or stream and riparian areas may become available to aquatic biota during spring and summer. Biological responses may be minimal in small streams nearest to application because of light limitation, but may be elevated downstream where light is sufficient to allow algal growth. Ultimately, algal response could be greatest in downstream reaches, although ambient nutrient concentrations remain low due to uptake and benthic nutrient recycling. Ground-water flow paths and hyporheic processing could be critical in determining the fate of applied nitrogen. A framework is provided for testing this response in the Little River watershed, a tributary to the North Umpqua River, Oregon, at basic and intensive levels of investigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014047","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Anderson, C.W., 2002, Ecological effects on streams from forest fertilization: Literature review and conceptual framework for future study in the western Cascades: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01–4047, 49 p.","productDescription":"v, 49 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430243,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49807.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2977,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4047/wri01-4047.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PDF of report"},{"id":159990,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Western Cascades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.1,\n 43.3\n ],\n [\n -123.1,\n 43.1\n ],\n [\n -122.666,\n 43.1\n ],\n [\n -122.666,\n 43.3\n ],\n [\n -123.1,\n 43.3\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
http://or.water.usgs.gov
Precipitation-runoff models, base-flow-separation techniques, and stream gain-loss measurements were used to study recharge and ground-water surface-water interaction as part of a study of the ground-water resources of the Willamette River Basin. The study was a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey and the State of Oregon Water Resources Department. Precipitation-runoff models were used to estimate the water budget of 216 subbasins in the Willamette River Basin. The models were also used to compute long-term average recharge and base flow. Recharge and base-flow estimates will be used as input to a regional ground-water flow model, within the same study. Recharge and base-flow estimates were made using daily streamflow records. Recharge estimates were made at 16 streamflow-gaging-station locations and were compared to recharge estimates from the precipitation-runoff models. Base-flow separation methods were used to identify the base-flow component of streamflow at 52 currently operated and discontinued streamflow-gaging-station locations. Stream gain-loss measurements were made on the Middle Fork Willamette, Willamette, South Yamhill, Pudding, and South Santiam Rivers, and were used to identify and quantify gaining and losing stream reaches both spatially and temporally. These measurements provide further understanding of ground-water/surface-water interactions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014215","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oregon Water Resources Department","usgsCitation":"Lee, K.K., and Risley, J.C., 2002, Estimates of ground-water recharge, base flow, and stream reach gains and\nlosses in the Willamette River Basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations\nReport 01–4215, 52 p.","productDescription":"52 p., 1 over-size sheet ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2981,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4215/wri01-4215.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PDF of report"}],"contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
http://or.water.usgs.gov
Monotonic upward trends in annual mean streamflows and annual 7-day low flows were identified statistically for the streamflow-gaging station on the Chagrin River at Willoughby, Ohio. No monotonic trends were identified for the annual peak streamflow series or partial-duration series of peak streamflows augmented with annual peak streamflows that did not exceed a base discharge of 4,000 cubic feet per second.
A plot of cumulative departure of annual precipitation from the long-term mean annual precipitation for the weather-observation station at Hiram, Ohio, indicates a relatively dry period extending from about 1910 to about 1968, followed by a relatively wet period extending from about 1968 to the late 1990s. A plot of cumulative departure of annual mean streamflow from the mean annual streamflow for the Chagrin River at Willoughby, Ohio, closely mimics the shape of the precipitation departure plot, indicating that the annual mean streamflows increased in concert with annual precipitation. These synchronous trends likely explain why upward trends in annual mean streamflows and annual 7-day low flows were observed. A lack of trend in peak streamflows indicates that the intensity and severity of flood-producing storms did not increase appreciably along with the increases in annual precipitation.
An analysis of point-of-zero-flow data indicates that the low-water control of the Chagrin River streamflow-gaging station tended to aggrade over the period 1930–93; however, the magnitude of aggradation is sufficiently small that its effect on stages of moderate to large floods would be negligible.
Stage values associated with reference streamflows of 500 and 5,000 cubic feet per second tended to remain fairly stable during the period from about 1950 to 1970 and then decreased slightly during the period from about 1970 to 1980, suggesting that the flood-carrying capacity of the stream increased somewhat during the latter period. Since a large flood on May 26, 1989, significant changes have occurred in the relation between stage and streamflow. The most recent relation indicates that stage values associated with streamflows of 500 and 5,000 cubic feet per second are about 0.5 foot and 0.1 foot higher, respectively, than the pre-1989 levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024017","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Willoughby, Ohio","usgsCitation":"Koltun, G., and Kunze, A.E., 2002, Trends in selected streamflow and stream-channel characteristics for the Chagrin River at Willoughby, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4017, 14 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024017.","productDescription":"14 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4017/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":2987,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4017/wri20024017.pdf","text":"Report","size":"960 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2002-4017"}],"contact":"Director, Ohio Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6460 Busch Blvd.
Columbus, OH 43229
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, is reevaluating the resource potential of selected domestic basin-centered gas accumulations. Basin-centered gas accumulations are characterized by presence of gas in extensive low-permeability (tight) reservoirs in which conventional seals and trapping mechanisms are absent, abnormally high or low reservoir pressures exist, and gas-water contacts are absent. In 1995, the USGS assessed one basin-centered gas play and two conventional plays within the trend of Jurassic and Cretaceous Cotton Valley Group fluvial-deltaic and barrier island/strand plain sandstones across the onshore northern Gulf of Mexico Basin. Detailed evaluation of geologic and production data provides new insights into these Cotton Valley plays. Two Cotton Valley sandstone trends are identified based on reservoir properties and gas-production characteristics. Transgressive blanket sandstones across northern Louisiana have relatively high porosity and permeability and do not require fracture stimulation to produce gas at commercial rates. South of this trend, and extending westward into eastern Texas, massive sandstones of the Cotton Valley trend exhibit low porosity and permeability and require fracture stimulation. The high permeability of Cotton Valley blanket sandstones is not conducive to the presence of basin-centered gas, but low permeability massive sandstones provide the type of reservoir in which basin-centered gas accumulations commonly occur. Data on source rocks, including burial and thermal history, are consistent with the interpretation of potential basin centered gas within Cotton Valley sandstones. However, pressure gradients throughout most of the blanket- and massive sandstone trends are normal or nearly normal, which is not characteristic of basin-centered gas accumulations. The presence of gas-water contacts in at least seven fields across the blanket-sandstone trend together with relatively high permeabilities and high gas-production rates without fracture stimulation indicate that fields in this trend are conventional. Within the tight massive-sandstone trend, permeability is sufficiently low that gas-water transition zones are vertically extensive and gas-water contacts either have not been encountered or are poorly defined. With increasing depth through these transition zones, gas saturation decreases and water saturation increases until eventually gas saturations become sufficiently low that, in terms of ultimate cumulative production, wells are noncommercial. Such progressive increase in water saturation with depth suggests that poorly defined gas-water contacts probably are present below the depth at which wells become noncommercial. The interpreted presence of gas-water contacts within the tight, Cotton Valley massive-sandstone trend suggests that gas accumulations in this trend, too, are conventional, and that a basin-centered gas accumulation does not exist within Cotton Valley sandstones in the northern Gulf Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2184D","usgsCitation":"Bartberger, C.E., Dyman, T.S., and Condon, S.M., 2002, Is there a basin-centered gas accumulation in Cotton Valley group sandstones, Gulf Coast basin, U.S.A.? (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2184, iv, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2184D.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":406331,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46521.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":4594,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2184-d/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Coast basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -90.8992,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -90.8992,\n 33.6833\n ],\n [\n -97,\n 33.6833\n ],\n [\n -97,\n 30.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db666861","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartberger, Charles E.","contributorId":92741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartberger","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dyman, Thaddeus S.","contributorId":83971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyman","given":"Thaddeus","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Condon, Steven M.","contributorId":95464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Condon","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30992,"text":"wri20014258 - 2002 - Snowpack in Maine - Maximum Observed and March 1 Mean Equivalent Water Content","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:15","indexId":"wri20014258","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4258","title":"Snowpack in Maine - Maximum Observed and March 1 Mean Equivalent Water Content","docAbstract":"Historical snow data have been analyzed using geographic information systems software to determine the magnitude and distribution of maximum observed equivalent water content of snowpack for the State of Maine. Data from 109 sites with an average of 43 years of record were used to generate the map of maximum observed equivalent water content. Maximum observed water content ranged from less than 8 inches in south-coastal Maine to more than 20 inches in the northwestern mountains. A map of mean equivalent water content in snowpack on or about March 1 also was prepared with data from these sites. The March 1 mean equivalent water content ranged from less than 4 inches near the coast to more than 9 inches in northern Maine.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri20014258","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Maine Department of Conservation and Maine Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Loiselle, M.C., and Hodgkins, G.A., 2002, Snowpack in Maine - Maximum Observed and March 1 Mean Equivalent Water Content: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4258, iii, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014258.","productDescription":"iii, 19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9909,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://me.water.usgs.gov/reports/WRIR01-4258.pdf","size":"2434","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72,43 ], [ -72,48 ], [ -66.5,48 ], [ -66.5,43 ], [ -72,43 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5edf11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loiselle, Marc C.","contributorId":90350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loiselle","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hodgkins, Glenn A. 0000-0002-4916-5565 gahodgki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-5565","contributorId":2020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Glenn","email":"gahodgki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30998,"text":"wri024011 - 2002 - Water-quality trend analysis and sampling design for streams in Connecticut, 1968-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:00","indexId":"wri024011","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4011","title":"Water-quality trend analysis and sampling design for streams in Connecticut, 1968-98","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024011","usgsCitation":"Trench, E.C., and Vecchia, A.V., 2002, Water-quality trend analysis and sampling design for streams in Connecticut, 1968-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4011, 94 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024011.","productDescription":"94 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":247339,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4011/report.pdf","size":"5339","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":251807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4011/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e542d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trench, E. C.","contributorId":33346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trench","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, A. V.","contributorId":23533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30997,"text":"wri024002 - 2002 - Water quality and streamflow in Sasco Brook watershed, southwestern Connecticut, 1994-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:00","indexId":"wri024002","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4002","title":"Water quality and streamflow in Sasco Brook watershed, southwestern Connecticut, 1994-98","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024002","usgsCitation":"Morrison, J., 2002, Water quality and streamflow in Sasco Brook watershed, southwestern Connecticut, 1994-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4002, 30 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024002.","productDescription":"30 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":258648,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4002/report.pdf","size":"4468","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4002/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9b39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrison, Jonathan 0000-0002-1756-4609 jmorriso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1756-4609","contributorId":2274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmorriso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30986,"text":"wri20014200 - 2002 - Numerical simulation of ground-water withdrawals in the southern Lihue Basin, Kauai, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-30T18:25:25.082239","indexId":"wri20014200","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4200","title":"Numerical simulation of ground-water withdrawals in the southern Lihue Basin, Kauai, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Numerical simulations indicate that ground-water withdrawals from the Hanamaulu and Puhi areas of the southern Lihue Basin will result in a decline in water levels and reductions in base flows of streams near proposed new water-supply wells. Most of the changes will be attained within 10 to 20 years of the start of pumping. Except for areas such as Puhi and Kilohana, the freshwater lens in most inland areas of the southern Lihue Basin is thick and model simulations indicate that changes in water level and the position of the freshwater- saltwater interface in response to pumping will be small relative to the present thickness of the freshwater lens. Effects of the proposed withdrawals on streamflow depend on withdrawal rate and proximity of the wells to streams. Placing pumped wells away from streams with low base flow and toward streams with high base flow can reduce the relative effect on individual streams. Simulation of the 0.42-million-gallon-per-day increase in withdrawal projected for 2000 indicates that the resulting changes in water levels and interface position, relative to conditions prior to the withdrawal increase, will be small, and that stream base flow will be reduced by less than 10 percent. Simulation of the 0.83-million-gallon-per-day withdrawal projected for 2010 indicates further thinning of the freshwater lens in the Puhi area, where the lens already may be thin, as well as base-flow reduction in Nawiliwili Stream. Simulation of an alternative distribution of the 0.83-million-gallon-per-day withdrawal indicates that the effects can be reduced by shifting most of the new withdrawal to the Hanamaulu area where the freshwater lens is thicker and stream base flows are greater. Simulation of the 1.16-million-gallon-per-day increase in withdrawal projected for 2020 indicates that if withdrawal is distributed only among Hana-maulu wells 1, 3, and 4, and Puhi well 5A, further thinning of the already-thin freshwater lens in the Puhi area would occur. Such a distribution would also exceed the maximum draft recommended by the water-systems standards used in Hawaii. Another simulation in which part of the 1.16 million gallons per day was distributed among three additional hypothetical wells in the Hanamaulu area showed that the pumping effects could be shifted from the Puhi area to the Hanamaulu area, where the freshwater lens is thicker, but that base flow in Hanamaulu Stream may decrease by as much as 16 percent.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20014200","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the County of Kauai Department of Water","usgsCitation":"Izuka, S.K., and Oki, D.S., 2002, Numerical simulation of ground-water withdrawals in the southern Lihue Basin, Kauai, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4200, v, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014200.","productDescription":"v, 54 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160007,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2979,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014200","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":463369,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46637.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kauai, southern Lihue Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.5152701492994,\n 22.134582977686122\n ],\n [\n -159.5152701492994,\n 21.888822039815537\n ],\n [\n -159.29927589293317,\n 21.888822039815537\n ],\n [\n -159.29927589293317,\n 22.134582977686122\n ],\n [\n -159.5152701492994,\n 22.134582977686122\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d0e4b07f02db5465d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izuka, Scot K. 0000-0002-8758-9414 skizuka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-9414","contributorId":2645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izuka","given":"Scot","email":"skizuka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oki, Delwyn S. 0000-0002-6913-8804 dsoki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6913-8804","contributorId":1901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oki","given":"Delwyn","email":"dsoki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30994,"text":"wri014263 - 2002 - Hydrogeological investigation at Site 5, Willow Grove Naval Air Station/Joint Reserve Base, Horsham Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T10:40:44","indexId":"wri014263","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4263","title":"Hydrogeological investigation at Site 5, Willow Grove Naval Air Station/Joint Reserve Base, Horsham Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey conducted borehole geophysical logging, collected and analyzed water-level data, and sampled sections of a rock core to determine the concentration of volatile organic compounds in the aquifer matrix of the Stockton Formation. Borehole geophysical logs were run in three monitor wells. At well 05MW04I, the vertical gradient was upward at depths above 42 feet below land surface (ft bls), downward between 42 and 82 ft bls, and upward below 82 ft bls. At well 05MW05I, a downward vertical gradient was present. At well 05MW12I, the vertical gradient was downward above 112 ft bls and upward below 112 ft bls.
Three water-bearing fractures in a 17-foot long rock core from 23.5 to 40.5 ft bls were identified and sampled. Three samples were analyzed from each water-bearing fracture—at the fracture face, 2 centimeters (cm) below the fracture, and 4 cm below the fracture. Fifteen compounds were detected; however, concentrations of seven compounds were less than 1 microgram per kilogram (mg/kg) when detected. Concentrations of benzene (from 0.39 to 3.3 mg/kg), 1,1-dichloroethene (1,1-DCE) (from 0.15 to 13 mg/kg), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) (from 0.17 to 22 mg/kg), and trichloroethylene (TCE) (from 0.092 to 9.6 mg/kg) were detected in all samples. The highest concentrations detected were for toluene, which was detected at a concentration of 32 and 86 mg/kg in the samples from unweathered sandstone at 2 and 4 cm below the fracture, respectively. Concentrations generally decreased with distance below the fracture in the mudstone samples. Concentrations of benzene and toluene increased with distance below the fractures in the unweathered sandstone samples. Concentrations of 1,1-DCE, TCA, and TCE were higher in the mudstone samples than in the samples from sandstone. Toluene concentrations were higher in unweathered sandstone than in weathered sandstone or mudstone.
The effect of the pumping of Horsham Water and Sewer Authority public supply well 26 (HWSA-26), 0.2 mile southwest of the base boundary, on groundwater levels on the base was determined by shutting the well down for 6 days to allow water levels to recover. Water levels in 22 nearby wells were measured. The only well (02MW01I) that showed an unambiguous response to the shutdown of well HWSA-26 is 1,350 feet directly along strike from well HWSA-26. The recovery of well 05MW11I in response to the shutdown of well HWSA-26 is masked by recharge from snowmelt but probably does not exceed about 0.2 feet on the basis of the water level in well 05MW11I, which showed a response to the pumping of well HWSA-26 that ranged from 0.5 to 0.15 foot.
Horizontal gradients differ with depth, and the rate and direction of ground-water flow and contaminant movement is depth dependent. The potentiometric-surface map for water levels measured in wells screened between 5 and 44 ft bls in the aquifer shows a ground-water mound that is the high point on a regional ground-water divide. From this divide, ground water flows both northwest toward Park Creek and southeast toward Pennypack Creek. The hydraulic gradient around this mound is relatively flat to the southeast and particularly flat to the northwest. The potentiometric-surface map for water levels measured in wells screened between 40 and 100 ft bls in the aquifer shows a very flat hydraulic gradient. Differences in the elevation of the potentiometric surface are less than 2 feet. The potentiometric-surface map for water levels measured in wells screened between 105 and 179 ft bls in the aquifer shows a steep hydraulic gradient between Sites 5 and 2 and a relatively flat hydraulic gradient between Sites 5 and 3. Water levels measured on October 7, 1999, showed downward vertical head gradients for all well clusters at Site 5. Vertical gradients ranged from 0.01 at well cluster 05MW10 to 0.2 at cluster 05MW11. Most gradients were between 0.01 and 0.026. Vertical head gradients vary with time. The variability is caused by a difference in the magnitude of water-level fluctuations between shallow and the deep fractures. The difference in the magnitude of water-level fluctuations is because of differences in lithology and aquifer storativity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014263","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Navy","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R.A., 2002, Hydrogeological investigation at Site 5, Willow Grove Naval Air Station/Joint Reserve Base, Horsham Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4263, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014263.","productDescription":"37 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351044,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4263/wri20014263.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.47 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2001-4263"},{"id":124345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4263/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-75.4833,40.4194],[-75.4643,40.4082],[-75.4518,40.4008],[-75.4465,40.3975],[-75.4299,40.3873],[-75.4257,40.3845],[-75.4216,40.3812],[-75.4068,40.3724],[-75.4032,40.37],[-75.402,40.3696],[-75.3985,40.3672],[-75.383,40.3584],[-75.3629,40.3462],[-75.3534,40.3406],[-75.3487,40.3378],[-75.3433,40.3341],[-75.3084,40.3131],[-75.3007,40.3089],[-75.3001,40.3084],[-75.2592,40.2855],[-75.2013,40.25],[-75.1989,40.2486],[-75.1906,40.2439],[-75.1339,40.2106],[-75.1032,40.1923],[-75.0943,40.1867],[-75.0153,40.1394],[-75.032,40.127],[-75.0468,40.116],[-75.0561,40.1084],[-75.0654,40.1],[-75.0723,40.0911],[-75.0809,40.0835],[-75.0947,40.0693],[-75.0888,40.0633],[-75.0914,40.0592],[-75.1012,40.0522],[-75.1074,40.0477],[-75.1311,40.0586],[-75.1564,40.0736],[-75.1647,40.0788],[-75.1759,40.0844],[-75.1865,40.0733],[-75.2119,40.0878],[-75.2231,40.093],[-75.2566,40.0623],[-75.2646,40.0552],[-75.2523,40.0441],[-75.2418,40.0353],[-75.2253,40.0241],[-75.21,40.0143],[-75.2303,40.0006],[-75.2504,39.9901],[-75.2638,39.984],[-75.2736,39.9787],[-75.2778,39.9765],[-75.3079,40.0147],[-75.3096,40.017],[-75.3114,40.0192],[-75.3119,40.0202],[-75.3168,40.018],[-75.3205,40.0162],[-75.3222,40.0176],[-75.3286,40.0268],[-75.3338,40.0332],[-75.3361,40.036],[-75.3448,40.0475],[-75.3494,40.053],[-75.3517,40.0558],[-75.361,40.0668],[-75.3669,40.0723],[-75.3927,40.0604],[-75.42,40.0966],[-75.4369,40.0899],[-75.4401,40.0941],[-75.4558,40.0876],[-75.4563,40.0945],[-75.4633,40.0971],[-75.4618,40.1027],[-75.4693,40.1066],[-75.4719,40.1116],[-75.4691,40.1169],[-75.4627,40.119],[-75.4611,40.1241],[-75.4729,40.1287],[-75.4905,40.1253],[-75.5088,40.1347],[-75.5107,40.1422],[-75.5036,40.1506],[-75.5,40.1563],[-75.503,40.1593],[-75.5127,40.1595],[-75.5184,40.1475],[-75.5239,40.1468],[-75.5275,40.1492],[-75.527,40.1664],[-75.5387,40.1739],[-75.544,40.1794],[-75.5503,40.19],[-75.5554,40.2023],[-75.5589,40.2073],[-75.5606,40.2096],[-75.5636,40.2101],[-75.5661,40.2093],[-75.5655,40.207],[-75.5644,40.2029],[-75.5645,40.2006],[-75.5676,40.1975],[-75.5694,40.1966],[-75.5724,40.1967],[-75.5766,40.1981],[-75.5796,40.2004],[-75.5801,40.2045],[-75.5835,40.21],[-75.591,40.2214],[-75.5973,40.2347],[-75.5997,40.2365],[-75.6014,40.2379],[-75.605,40.2389],[-75.6081,40.2366],[-75.6088,40.2348],[-75.6076,40.2326],[-75.6059,40.2294],[-75.6047,40.2275],[-75.6078,40.2258],[-75.6114,40.2244],[-75.6151,40.2245],[-75.6186,40.2277],[-75.6209,40.2305],[-75.6304,40.2347],[-75.6406,40.2371],[-75.6478,40.2404],[-75.6549,40.2428],[-75.6645,40.2461],[-75.6705,40.2466],[-75.6741,40.2458],[-75.6784,40.2436],[-75.6864,40.2387],[-75.6894,40.2378],[-75.6912,40.2388],[-75.6968,40.2417],[-75.6961,40.2426],[-75.6949,40.2444],[-75.6899,40.2502],[-75.6744,40.269],[-75.6681,40.2775],[-75.6644,40.2811],[-75.66,40.2874],[-75.6501,40.299],[-75.6488,40.3008],[-75.6457,40.3044],[-75.6389,40.313],[-75.6258,40.3295],[-75.6233,40.3322],[-75.6164,40.3407],[-75.6084,40.3483],[-75.6046,40.3533],[-75.6034,40.355],[-75.5971,40.364],[-75.5884,40.3748],[-75.5685,40.3976],[-75.5666,40.4003],[-75.5647,40.4021],[-75.5604,40.4066],[-75.5516,40.4182],[-75.5466,40.4245],[-75.5416,40.4299],[-75.5278,40.4464],[-75.5249,40.4441],[-75.5065,40.4325],[-75.4994,40.4283],[-75.4833,40.4194]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Montgomery\",\"state\":\"PA\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
This preliminary study for the First Quarterly Report has spectrally mapped hydrothermally altered minerals useful in assisting in assessment of water quality of the Red River. Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data was analyzed to characterize mined and unmined ground at Questa, New Mexico. AVIRIS data covers the Red River drainage north of the river, from between the town of Questa on the west, to east of the town of Red River. The data was calibrated and analyzed using U.S. Geological Survey custom software and spectral mineral library. AVIRIS data was tested for spectral features that matched similar features in the spectral mineral library. Goodness-of-fit and band-depth were calculated for each comparison of spectral features and used to identify surface mineralogy. Mineral distribution, mineral associations, and AVIRIS pixel spectra were examined. Mineral maps show the distribution of iron hydroxides, iron sulfates, clays, micas, carbonates, and other minerals. Initial results show a system of alteration suites that overprint each other. Quartz-sericite-pyrite (QSP) alteration grading out to propylitic alteration (epidote and calcite) was identified at the Questa Mine (molybdenum porphyry) and a similar alteration pattern was mapped at the landslide (\"scar\") areas. Supergene weathering overprints the altered rock, as shown by jarosite, kaolinite, and gypsum. In the spectral analysis, hydrothermally altered ground appears to be more extensive at the unmined Goat Hill Gulch and the mined ground, than the ?scars? to the east. Though the \"scars\" have similar overall altered mineral suites, there are differences between the \"scars\" in sericite, kaolinite, jarosite, gypsum, and calcite abundance. Fieldwork has verified the results at the central unmined \"scar\" areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0226","usgsCitation":"Livo, K., and Clark, R.N., 2002, Mapped minerals at Questa, New Mexico, using airborne visible-infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) data – Preliminary report for: First quarterly report of the U.S. Geological Survey investigation of baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality in the Red River Valley Basin, New Mexico, November 13, 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-26, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0226.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":389555,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46632.htm"},{"id":160743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0026/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":2716,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0026/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":59796,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0026/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Red River Valley Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.5700,\n 36.6442\n ],\n [\n -105.2667,\n 36.6442\n ],\n [\n -105.2667,\n 36.725\n ],\n [\n -105.5700,\n 36.725\n ],\n [\n -105.5700,\n 36.6442\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0ce4b07f02db69e44c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Livo, K. 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Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31523,"text":"ofr0217 - 2002 - Whole-rock and glass major-element geochemistry of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, near-vent eruptive products: September 1994 through September 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T09:32:22","indexId":"ofr0217","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-17","title":"Whole-rock and glass major-element geochemistry of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, near-vent eruptive products: September 1994 through September 2001","docAbstract":"This report presents major-element geochemical data for glasses and whole-rock aliquots among 523 lava samples collected near the vent on Kilauea's east rift zone between September 1994 and October 2001. Information on sample collection, analysis techniques and analytical standard reproducibility are presented as a PDF file, which also includes a detailed explantion of the categories of sample information presented in the database spreadsheet. The sample database is downloadable as a separate Microsoft Excel file.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0217","usgsCitation":"Thornber, C.R., Sherrod, D.R., Siems, D.F., Heliker, C.C., Meeker, G.P., Oscarson, R.L., and Kauahikaua, J.P., 2002, Whole-rock and glass major-element geochemistry of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, near-vent eruptive products: September 1994 through September 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-17, Report: 9 p.; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0217.","productDescription":"Report: 9 p.; Database","numberOfPages":"9","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1994-09-01","temporalEnd":"2001-10-01","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr0217.jpg"},{"id":2714,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0017/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283202,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0017/pdf/of02-017.pdf"},{"id":283203,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0017/OF0217data.xls"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.798371,19.058221 ], [ -155.798371,19.547589 ], [ -155.016307,19.547589 ], [ -155.016307,19.058221 ], [ -155.798371,19.058221 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e489e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thornber, Carl R. cthornber@usgs.gov","contributorId":2016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornber","given":"Carl","email":"cthornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":206297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Siems, David F.","contributorId":100835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siems","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heliker, Christina C.","contributorId":68695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heliker","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meeker, Gregory P.","contributorId":62974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Oscarson, Robert L. roscarson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oscarson","given":"Robert","email":"roscarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":206299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kauahikaua, James P. 0000-0003-3777-503X jimk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-503X","contributorId":2146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"James","email":"jimk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":31458,"text":"ofr011 - 2002 - Discharge measurements using a broad-band acoustic Doppler current profiler","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:03","indexId":"ofr011","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-1","title":"Discharge measurements using a broad-band acoustic Doppler current profiler","docAbstract":"The measurement of unsteady or tidally affected flow has been a problem faced by hydrologists for many years. Dynamic discharge conditions impose an unreasonably short time constraint on conventional current-meter discharge-measurement methods, which typically last a minimum of 1 hour. Tidally affected discharge can change more than 100 percent during a 10-minute period. Over the years, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed moving-boat discharge-measurement techniques that are much faster but less accurate than conventional methods. For a bibliography of conventional moving-boat publications, see Simpson and Oltmann (1993, page 17). The advent of the acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) made possible the development of a discharge-measurement system capable of more accurately measuring unsteady or tidally affected flow. In most cases, an ADCP discharge-measurement system is dramatically faster than conventional discharge-measurement systems, and has comparable or better accuracy. In many cases, an ADCP discharge-measurement system is the only choice for use at a particular measurement site. ADCP systems are not yet ?turnkey;? they are still under development, and for proper operation, require a significant amount of operator training. Not only must the operator have a rudimentary knowledge of acoustic physics, but also a working knowledge of ADCP operation, the manufacturer's discharge-measurement software, and boating techniques and safety.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr011","usgsCitation":"Simpson, M.R., 2002, Discharge measurements using a broad-band acoustic Doppler current profiler: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-1, 123 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr011.","productDescription":"123 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2619,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr0101 ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aa40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpson, Michael R.","contributorId":90704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31525,"text":"ofr02020 - 2002 - Aeromagnetic Expression of Buried Basaltic Volcanoes Near Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:08","indexId":"ofr02020","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-020","title":"Aeromagnetic Expression of Buried Basaltic Volcanoes Near Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"A high-resolution aeromagnetic survey has defined a number of small dipolar anomalies indicating the presence of magnetic bodies buried beneath the surface of Crater Flat and the Amargosa Desert. Results of potential-field modeling indicate that isolated, small-volume, highly magnetic bodies embedded within the alluvial deposits of both areas produce the anomalies. Their physical characteristics and the fact that they tend to be aligned along major structural trends provide strong support for the hypothesis that the anomalies reflect buried basaltic volcanic centers. Other, similar anomalies are identified as possible targets for further investigation. High-resolution gravity and ground-magnetic surveys, perhaps along with drilling sources of selected anomalies and radiometric age determinations, can provide valuable constraints in estimating potential volcanic hazard to the potential nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr02020","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office","usgsCitation":"O’Leary, D.W., Mankinen, E., Blakely, R., Langenheim, V., and Ponce, D., 2002, Aeromagnetic Expression of Buried Basaltic Volcanoes Near Yucca Mountain, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-020, iii, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02020.","productDescription":"iii, 48 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":314,"text":"Geophysics Unit of Menlo Park, CA (GUMP)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11404,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-020/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.75,36.416666666666664 ], [ -116.75,36.916666666666664 ], [ -116.25,36.916666666666664 ], [ -116.25,36.416666666666664 ], [ -116.75,36.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69691b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Leary, Dennis W.","contributorId":91501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mankinen, E. 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A. 0000-0003-4785-7354","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":104019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":31001,"text":"wri024030 - 2002 - Streamflow and water-quality data for selected watersheds in the Lake Tahoe basin, California and Nevada, through September 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:00","indexId":"wri024030","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4030","title":"Streamflow and water-quality data for selected watersheds in the Lake Tahoe basin, California and Nevada, through September 1998","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, and the University of California, Davis-Tahoe Research Group, has monitored tributaries in the Lake Tahoe Basin since 1988. This monitoring has characterized streamflow and has determined concentrations of nutrients and suspended sediment, which may have contributed to loss of clarity in Lake Tahoe. The Lake Tahoe Interagency Monitoring Program was developed to collect water-quality data in the basin. In 1998, the tributary-monitoring program included 41 water-quality stations in 14 of the 63 watersheds totaling half the area tributary to Lake Tahoe. The monitored watershed areas range from 1.08 square miles for First Creek to 56.5 square miles for the Upper Truckee River.Annual and unit runoff for 20 primary and secondary streamflow gaging stations in 10 selected watersheds are described. Water years 1988-98 were used to compare runoff data. The Upper Truckee River at South Lake Tahoe, Calif., had the highest annual runoff and Logan House Creek near Glenbrook, Nev., had the lowest. Blackwood Creek near Tahoe City, Calif., had the highest unit runoff and Logan House Creek had the lowest. The highest instantaneous peak flow was recorded at Upper Truckee River at South Lake Tahoe during the January 2, 1997, flood event.Certain water-quality measurements were made in the field. Ranges and median values of those measurements are described for 41 stations. Water temperature ranged from 0 to 23?C. Specific conductance ranged from 13 to 900 microsiemens per centimeter at 25?C. pH ranged from 6.7 to 10.6. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations ranged from 5.2 to 12.6 mg/L and from 70 to 157 percent of saturation.Loads, yields, and trends of nutrients and suspended sediment during water years 1988-98 at the streamflow gaging stations also are described. The Upper Truckee River at South Lake Tahoe had the largest median monthly load for five of the six measured nutrients and of suspended sediment, while Trout Creek at South Lake Tahoe had the largest median monthly load for the remaining nutrient. Logan House Creek near Glenbrook had the smallest median monthly loads for all nutrients and suspended sediment. Seasonal load summaries at selected stations showed nutrient and suspended-sediment loads were greatest in the spring months of April, May and June and least in the summer months of July, August, and September. Monthly load comparisons also were described for five watersheds with multiple stations.Incline Creek had the highest combined rank for all nutrients and sediment. Incline Creek had the largest monthly yields for dissolved nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus. Third Creek had the second highest combined rank and had the largest monthly yields for total nitrogen, total phosphorus, biologically reactive iron, and suspended sediment. Edgewood Creek had the largest monthly yield for dissolved ammonia nitrogen. Logan House Creek had the lowest combined rank and the smallest monthly yields for all nutrients and sediment.Trends in concentrations are either decreasing or not significant for all nutrients in all sampled watersheds, with the exception of biologically reactive iron. Biologically reactive iron and suspended sediment show an increasing trend in three watersheds and decreasing or no significant trend in the other seven watersheds.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024030","usgsCitation":"Rowe, T., Saleh, D., Watkins, S., and Kratzer, C., 2002, Streamflow and water-quality data for selected watersheds in the Lake Tahoe basin, California and Nevada, through September 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4030, 118 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024030.","productDescription":"118 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2988,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024030","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4f3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowe, T.G.","contributorId":105732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saleh, D.K. 0000-0002-1406-9303","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1406-9303","contributorId":82748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saleh","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watkins, S.A.","contributorId":83962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watkins","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kratzer, C.R.","contributorId":25206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratzer","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":31528,"text":"ofr0244 - 2002 - Magnetotelluric data in the middle Rio Grande basin, Albuquerque volcanoes, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T13:12:23","indexId":"ofr0244","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-44","title":"Magnetotelluric data in the middle Rio Grande basin, Albuquerque volcanoes, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The population in the Albuquerque-Santa Fe region of New Mexico is rapidly growing. The Santa Fe Group aquifer in the Middle Rio Grande Basin is the main source of municipal water for the greater Albuquerque metropolitan area. The capacity of this aquifer is more limited than previously thought (Thorn et al., 1993). The Middle Rio Grande Basin, as defined hydrologically and used here, is the area within the Rio Grande Valley extending from Cochiti Dam downstream to the community of San Acacia (Figure 1). Because approximately 600,000 people (40 percent of the population of New Mexico) live in the study area (Bartolino, 1999), water shortfalls could have serious consequences. Future growth and land management in the region depends on accurate assessment and protection of the region’s groundwater resources. An important issue in defining the ground water resources is a better understanding of the hydrogeology of the Santa Fe Group and the other sedimentary deposits that fill the Rio Grande rift.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr0244","usgsCitation":"Williams, J.M., and Rodriguez, B.D., 2002, Magnetotelluric data in the middle Rio Grande basin, Albuquerque volcanoes, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-44, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0244.","productDescription":"90 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2718,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0044/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0044/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59797,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0044/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64944e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Jackie M.","contributorId":11217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Jackie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159760,"text":"70159760 - 2002 - Mitochondrial phylogeography of moose (Alces alces): Late Pleistocene divergence and population expansion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-28T09:49:58","indexId":"70159760","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2779,"text":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mitochondrial phylogeography of moose (Alces alces): Late Pleistocene divergence and population expansion","docAbstract":"We examined phylogeographic relationships of moose (Alces alces) worldwide to test the proposed existence of two geographic races and to infer the timing and extent of demographic processes underpinning the expansion of this species across the Northern Hemisphere in the late Pleistocene. Sequence variation within the left hypervariable domain of the control region occurred at low or moderate levels worldwide and was structured geographically. Partitioning of genetic variance among regions indicated that isolation by distance was the primary agent for differentiation of moose populations but does not support the existence of distinct eastern and western races. Levels of genetic variation and structure of phylogenetic trees identify Asia as the origin of all extant mitochondrial lineages. A recent coalescence is indicated, with the most recent common ancestor dating to the last ice age. Moose have undergone two episodes of population expansion, likely corresponding to the final interstade of the most recent ice age and the onset of the current interglacial. Timing of expansion for the population in the Yakutia–Manchuria region of eastern Asia indicates that it is one of the oldest populations of moose and may represent the source of founders of extant populations in North America, which were colonized within the last 15,000 years. Our data suggest an extended period of low population size or a severe bottleneck prior to the divergence and expansion of extant lineages and a recent, less-severe bottleneck among European lineages. Climate change during the last ice age, acting through contraction and expansion of moose habitat and the flooding of the Bering land bridge, undoubtedly was a key factor influencing the divergence and expansion of moose populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elselvier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1006/mpev.2001.1058","usgsCitation":"Hundertmark, K.J., Shields, G.F., Udina, I.G., Bowyer, R., Danilkin, A.A., and Schwartz, C.C., 2002, Mitochondrial phylogeography of moose (Alces alces): Late Pleistocene divergence and population expansion: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, v. 22, no. 3, p. 375-387, https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.2001.1058.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"387","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311643,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, China, Finland, Russia, Sweden, United States","state":"Alaska, 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