{"pageNumber":"297","pageRowStart":"7400","pageSize":"25","recordCount":37001,"records":[{"id":24833,"text":"ofr00305 - 2000 - Rock-fall hazard assessment of the Aspen Forest Trail, Navajo National Monument, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:14","indexId":"ofr00305","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-305","title":"Rock-fall hazard assessment of the Aspen Forest Trail, Navajo National Monument, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr00305","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Wieczorek, G.F., and Harp, E.L., 2000, Rock-fall hazard assessment of the Aspen Forest Trail, Navajo National Monument, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-305, 11 p. :col. ill., col. map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00305.","productDescription":"11 p. :col. ill., col. map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0305/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":8122,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0305/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":53837,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0305/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0fe4b07f02db5fe9d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wieczorek, Gerald F.","contributorId":81889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harp, Edwin L. harp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"Edwin","email":"harp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":192649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":22264,"text":"ofr00282 - 2000 - Water-quality and water-level data for a freshwater tidal wetland, West Branch Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, October 1998-September 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:56","indexId":"ofr00282","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-282","title":"Water-quality and water-level data for a freshwater tidal wetland, West Branch Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, October 1998-September 1999","docAbstract":"This report presents water-quality data for ground-water and surface-water samples and water-level data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from October 1998 through September 1999 at West Branch Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. The report also provides a description of the sampling and analytical methods that were used to collect and analyze the samples, and includes an evaluation of the quality-assurance data.\r\n\r\nThe ground-water sampling network includes 88 wells or piezometers, including four 2-inch wells, two 4-inch wells, thirty 0.75-inch piezo-meters, and fifty-two 0.25-inch piezometers. Water levels were measured in 105 wells or piezometers. Surface-water samples were collected at five sites.\r\n\r\nSamples were collected from wells and 0.75-inch piezometers for measurement of field parameters, and analysis of inorganic and organic constituents during three sampling rounds: March, May through June, and July through August of 1999. Inorganic constituents and organic constituents were analyzed in samples collected from 0.25-inch piezometers during three sampling rounds in February through March, May, and September of 1999. Water levels were measured in October and November of 1998, and in February and May of 1999. Surface-water samples were collected between February and August of 1999 for analysis of organic constituents.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr00282","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Spencer, T.A., Olsen, L., Lorah, M.M., and Mount, M.M., 2000, Water-quality and water-level data for a freshwater tidal wetland, West Branch Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, October 1998-September 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-282, vii, 185 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00282.","productDescription":"vii, 185 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1349,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr00-282/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7258","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spencer, Tracey A.","contributorId":59477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"Tracey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, Lisa D. ldolsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Lisa D.","email":"ldolsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorah, Michelle M. 0000-0002-9236-587X mmlorah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-587X","contributorId":1437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorah","given":"Michelle","email":"mmlorah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mount, Mastin M.","contributorId":60674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mount","given":"Mastin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":22493,"text":"ofr9950R - 2000 - Petroleum systems of the Northwest Java Province, Java and offshore southeast Sumatra, Indonesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T16:47:30","indexId":"ofr9950R","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-50","chapter":"R","title":"Petroleum systems of the Northwest Java Province, Java and offshore southeast Sumatra, Indonesia","docAbstract":"Mature, synrift lacustrine shales of Eocene to Oligocene age and mature, late-rift coals and coaly shales of Oligocene to Miocene age are source rocks for oil and gas in two important petroleum systems of the onshore and offshore areas of the Northwest Java Basin.  Biogenic gas and carbonate-sourced gas have also been identified.  These hydrocarbons are trapped primarily in anticlines and fault blocks involving sandstone and carbonate reservoirs.  These source rocks and reservoir rocks were deposited in a complex of Tertiary rift basins formed from single or multiple half-grabens on the south edge of the Sunda Shelf plate.  The overall transgressive succession was punctuated by clastic input from the exposed Sunda Shelf and marine transgressions from the south.  The Northwest Java province may contain more than 2 billion barrels of oil equivalent in addition to the 10 billion barrels of oil equivalent already identified.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9950R","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Bishop, M.G., 2000, Petroleum systems of the Northwest Java Province, Java and offshore southeast Sumatra, Indonesia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-50, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9950R.","productDescription":"31 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0050r/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1550,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0050/OF99-50R/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52008,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0050r/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Indonesia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              105.205078125,\n              -1.669685500986571\n            ],\n            [\n              105.46875,\n              -5.397273407690904\n            ],\n            [\n              108.5888671875,\n              -6.795535025719518\n            ],\n            [\n              111.09374999999999,\n              -6.489983332670651\n            ],\n            [\n              113.5986328125,\n              -6.751896464843375\n            ],\n            [\n              114.3896484375,\n              -3.425691524418062\n            ],\n            [\n              113.466796875,\n              -2.986927393334863\n            ],\n            [\n              110.302734375,\n              -3.074695072369682\n            ],\n            [\n              109.8193359375,\n              -0.7470491450051796\n            ],\n            [\n              105.205078125,\n              -1.669685500986571\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adde4b07f02db686beb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bishop, Michele G.","contributorId":19586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"Michele","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22149,"text":"ofr00106 - 2000 - Seismic-reflection investigations of the Texas Springs Syncline for ground water development, Death Valley National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T10:29:39","indexId":"ofr00106","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-106","title":"Seismic-reflection investigations of the Texas Springs Syncline for ground water development, Death Valley National Park","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey has completed an integrated geologic and geophysical study of the Texas Springs syncline for the National Park Service with the intention of locating a new production water well near existing water-collection and distribution facilities. Subsurface information was required to determine which, if any, sites within the syncline would be favorable for a well. About 4.2 km (2.6 mi.) of high-resolution seismic-reflection data were collected across and along the Texas Springs syncline. Two of our three lines, designated DV-1 and DV-3, cross the syncline, whereas the third line (DV-2) runs parallel to the north-northwest-trending syncline axis.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr00106","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Machette, M., Stephenson, W.J., Williams, R.A., Odum, J.K., Worley, D.M., and Dart, R., 2000, Seismic-reflection investigations of the Texas Springs Syncline for ground water development, Death Valley National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-106, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00106.","productDescription":"26 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1479,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0106/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0106/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51597,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0106/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb618","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Machette, Michael N.","contributorId":28963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machette","given":"Michael N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephenson, W. J.","contributorId":87982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, R. A.","contributorId":82323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Odum, J. K.","contributorId":105705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Worley, D. M.","contributorId":98332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worley","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dart, R. L.","contributorId":25547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dart","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":22619,"text":"ofr99453 - 2000 - Physical, chemical, and biological data for the Uncompahgre Project area and the Grand Valley, west-central Colorado, 1993-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-27T20:35:01.110025","indexId":"ofr99453","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-453","title":"Physical, chemical, and biological data for the Uncompahgre Project area and the Grand Valley, west-central Colorado, 1993-98","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99453","usgsCitation":"Butler, D.L., and Osmundson, B.C., 2000, Physical, chemical, and biological data for the Uncompahgre Project area and the Grand Valley, west-central Colorado, 1993-98: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-453, Report: vii, 216 p.; 2 Plates: 29.52 x 28.14 inches and 30.72 x 19.43 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99453.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 216 p.; 2 Plates: 29.52 x 28.14 inches and 30.72 x 19.43 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":52092,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0453/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52091,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0453/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52090,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0453/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155391,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0453/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":415021,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25849.htm","text":"Uncompahgre Project area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465501,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25850.htm","text":"Grand Valley area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Grand Valley, Uncompahgre Project area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.25,\n              38.817\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.25,\n              38.329\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.61,\n              38.329\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.61,\n              38.817\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.25,\n              38.817\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4895e4b07f02db522908","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butler, David L.","contributorId":12843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osmundson, Barbara Campbell","contributorId":9296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osmundson","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"Campbell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31153,"text":"ofr00192 - 2000 - Geologic map of the Christian quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-28T19:36:55.058773","indexId":"ofr00192","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-192","title":"Geologic map of the Christian quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"Most of the Christian quadrangle is in the Porcupine Plateau; the northwestern part is in the southern Brooks Range, and the southern quarter is in the Yukon Flats. Outcrops of bedrock are poor or lacking, except in the Brooks Range. Although large valley glaciers have moved through the Porcupine Plateau, along the East Fork Chandalar and Vanticlese Creek, most of the upland areas in the Porcupine Plateau have not been eroded by ice. Consequently the rocks are deeply weathered and many outcrops in the low hills east of the East Fork are only soil and rubble. The southern quarter of the quadrangle in the Yukon Flats is covered with unconsolidated glacial and alluvial deposits. The Christian quadrangle is at the east end of the southern Brooks Range schist belt. Here three geologic terranes that originate well south of the Brooks Range intersect the subterranes of the southern Brooks Range along northward-directed thrust faults and northeast-striking strike slip faults. The displaced terranes from the south have been mapped by Jones and others (1987), as the schist of the Ruby terrane, the mafic rocks and phyllite of the Tozitna terrane, and the graywacke of the Venetie terrane. The typical rocks of the southern Brooks Range Arctic Alaska terrane at this intersection are the carbonate and clastic rocks of the Hammond subterrane, and the schist of the Coldfoot subterrane. The Coldfoot schist ends at a probable strike-slip fault about 10 miles west of the Christian quadrangle. At that place the mafic rocks and phyllites of the Angayucham terrane that form the south flank of most of the Brooks Range veer sharply northeastward across the Coldfoot subterrane schist and terminate it. A small fragment of the Endicott Mountains subterrane of the Arctic Alaska terrane also lies within the Christian quadrangle, but the main body of this subterrane lies north of the quadrangle.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00192","usgsCitation":"Brosge, W., and Reiser, H.N., 2000, Geologic map of the Christian quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-192, Pamphlet: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 44.39 x 24.31 inches; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00192.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 44.39 x 24.31 inches; Metadata","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr00192.gif"},{"id":285899,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0192/"},{"id":397739,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34070.htm"},{"id":281538,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0192/pdf/of00-192pamp.pdf"},{"id":281537,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0192/csgeol_meta.txt"},{"id":281536,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0192/pdf/of00-192_s1_v1.pdf"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, zone 6","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Christian quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -147,\n              67\n            ],\n            [\n              -144,\n              67\n            ],\n            [\n              -144,\n              68\n            ],\n            [\n              -147,\n              68\n            ],\n            [\n              -147,\n              67\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0ae4b07f02db69cb65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brosge, W. P.","contributorId":58248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosge","given":"W. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reiser, H. N.","contributorId":13199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiser","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23516,"text":"ofr99605 - 2000 - Occurrence of fishes at 38 sites in the Mississippi Embayment study unit, 1996-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:06","indexId":"ofr99605","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-605","title":"Occurrence of fishes at 38 sites in the Mississippi Embayment study unit, 1996-98","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr99605","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Justus, B., and Caskey, B., 2000, Occurrence of fishes at 38 sites in the Mississippi Embayment study unit, 1996-98: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-605, vi, 24 p. :col. map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99605.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p. :col. map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0605/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52805,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0605/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db692442","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Justus, B. G.","contributorId":49825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Justus","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caskey, B.J.","contributorId":81137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caskey","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23434,"text":"ofr0062 - 2000 - 2nd interface between ecology and land development in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:14","indexId":"ofr0062","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-62","title":"2nd interface between ecology and land development in California","docAbstract":"The 2nd Interface Between Ecology and Land Development Conference was held in association with Earth Day 1997, five years after the first Interface Conference. Rapid population growth in California has intensified the inevitable conflict between land development and preservation of natural ecosystems. Sustainable development requires wise use of diminishing natural resources and, where possible, restoration of damaged landscapes. These Earth Week Celebrations brought together resource managers, scientists, politicians, environmental consultants, and concerned citizens in an effort to improve the communication necessary to maintain our natural biodiversity, ecosystem processes and general quality of life.\r\n\r\nAs discussed by our keynote speaker, Michael Soule, the best predictor of habitat loss is population growth and nowhere is this better illustrated than in California. As urban perimeters expand, the interface between wildlands and urban areas increases. Few problems are more vexing than how to manage the fire prone ecosystems indigenous to California at this urban interface. Today resource managers face increasing challenges of dealing with this problem and the lead-off section of the proceedings considers both the theoretical basis for making decisions related to prescribed burning and the practical application.\r\n\r\nHabitat fragmentation is an inevitable consequence of development patterns with significant impacts on animal and plant populations. Managers must be increasingly resourceful in dealing with problems of fragmentation and the often inevitable consequences, including susceptibility to invasive oganisms. One approach to dealing with fragmentation problems is through careful landplanning. California is the national leader in the integration of conservation and economics. On Earth Day 1991, Governor Pete Wilson presented an environmental agenda that promised to create between land owners and environmentalists, agreements that would guarantee the protection of -endangered species and out of this grew the pioneering initiative, known as the Natural Communities Conservation Planning (NCCP) program.\r\n\r\nCalifornia's vast expanse of seemingly endless resources has traditionally been viewed as justification for abusive land use practices. The modem day recognition that resources are finite has led to greater concern, not only for conserving what is left, but for restoring abused landscapes. Ecological restoration is a new science devoted to returning disturbed environments to a semblance of their 'pristine' state. Based on principles of 'revegetation,' restoration goes far beyond simple replanting, rather the ambition of ecological restoration is to return landscapes to functioning ecosystems and is the focus of the last section. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Western Ecological Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr0062","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., Baer-Keeley, M., and Fortheringham, C., 2000, 2nd interface between ecology and land development in California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-62, x, 300 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0062.","productDescription":"x, 300 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":8584,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-062/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd492be4b0b290850eef00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":190095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baer-Keeley, Melanie","contributorId":27093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baer-Keeley","given":"Melanie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fortheringham, C.J.","contributorId":81142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fortheringham","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":22783,"text":"ofr0054 - 2000 - Evaluation of biological data, Guanella Pass Area, Clear Creek and Park counties, Colorado, water years 1995-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-17T11:00:36","indexId":"ofr0054","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-54","title":"Evaluation of biological data, Guanella Pass Area, Clear Creek and Park counties, Colorado, water years 1995-97","docAbstract":"<p>Macroinvertebrate and algal community samples were collected during a 3-year period at sites located near Guanella Pass, Colorado, to provide baseline characterization data. Water-quality sampling and habitat evaluations were used to aid in the interpretation of the biological data. The study was part of an environmental investigation for a proposed roadway reconstruction project on Guanella Pass. Discharge was strongly affected by snowmelt during May-July. Habitat scores were optimal (147-199), as determined by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Rapid Bioassessment Protocol methods. Generally, low median concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus (less than 0.02 milligram per liter) were detected at all sites. The water temperatures ranged from 0.4 to 11.2 degrees Celsius. The average pH for all sites was neutral, and specific conductivities were dilute (less than 160 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius). The median suspended-sediment concentration was less than 20 milligrams per liter at all sites. During the study, 100 macroinvertebrate taxa were identified. The dominant taxonomic groups of macroinvertebrates were Diptera (true flies), Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Plecoptera (stoneflies), and Trichoptera (caddisflies). Macroinvertebrate density ranged from 6.6 to 4,300 organisms per square meter at sampled sites. Shannon-Weaver diversity values for the macroinvertebrate samples ranged from 1.6 to 4.5. Collector-gatherers dominated the functional feeding groups at most sites. Average abundance of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) was 56.7 percent; EPT:Chironomidae ratios were greater than 2:1 for every site except during water years 1996 and 1997. Chironomids were greater than EPT at four sites in water year 1996 and at one site in water year 1997. The percentage of macroinvertebrate community similarity between site pairs varied from 0 to 80 percent. The number of algal taxa identified was 280. The dominant algal divisions, in terms of density, were Cyanophyta (blue-green algae), Chrysophyta (diatoms), Chlorophyta (green algae), Rhodophyta (red algae), and Euglenophyta (euglenoids). In general, diatom biovolumes dominated the algal assemblage, followed by blue-green algae, green algae, red algae, and euglenoids. Algal densities ranged from 3.1 X 102 to more than 4.7 X 106 cells per square centimeter, and algal biovolume ranged from 2.3 X 104 to 4.6 X 109 cells per cubic centimeter. Diversity values for diatoms ranged from 1.5 to 4.9. The pollution tolerance index (PTI) for diatoms ranged from 1.8 to 3.0. Sensitive diatoms were present at each site and ranged from 21 to 97 percent. The percentage of motile diatoms ranged from 0 to 13 percent. The presence of acid-tolerant diatoms ranged from less than 0.5 to greater than 20 percent. The percentage of community similarity between site pairs ranged from 1 to 97 percent. Overall, the biotic metrics that were evaluated during this study indicate that the macroinvertebrate and algal communities in the streams on Guanella Pass are not degraded by the existing road. Erosion may cause some localized effects but may not affect the overall health of the whole stream system. The degraded condition of Geneva Creek probably is due to natural effects as opposed to road effects. Although upper South Clear Creek, upstream from Naylor Creek, is located downstream from several sources of road runoff, the biological community at this site does not seem to be negatively affected.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0054","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal  Highway  Administration","usgsCitation":"Cox-Lillis, J.R., 2000, Evaluation of biological data, Guanella Pass Area, Clear Creek and Park counties, Colorado, water years 1995-97: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-54, v, 121 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0054.","productDescription":"v, 121 p. ","numberOfPages":"132","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0054/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52212,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0054/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1522,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr00-054","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Clear Creek County, Park County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-105.6884,39.8507],[-105.6849,39.8484],[-105.6795,39.8466],[-105.6723,39.8461],[-105.6651,39.8465],[-105.6597,39.8474],[-105.6531,39.8474],[-105.6471,39.846],[-105.6334,39.8419],[-105.6298,39.8396],[-105.6274,39.8346],[-105.6239,39.8301],[-105.6191,39.8255],[-105.6119,39.8223],[-105.603,39.8196],[-105.6,39.8182],[-105.597,39.8164],[-105.5922,39.8159],[-105.5892,39.8177],[-105.5814,39.8213],[-105.579,39.8213],[-105.5778,39.8209],[-105.576,39.8186],[-105.5755,39.8109],[-105.5755,39.8036],[-105.5743,39.8018],[-105.554,39.7909],[-105.5457,39.785],[-105.5451,39.7818],[-105.5445,39.78],[-105.5434,39.7759],[-105.5392,39.7718],[-105.532,39.7681],[-105.5207,39.7654],[-105.5081,39.7631],[-105.4992,39.7603],[-105.4932,39.7584],[-105.4854,39.7566],[-105.4759,39.7566],[-105.4609,39.7551],[-105.4454,39.7528],[-105.4424,39.7528],[-105.4274,39.7532],[-105.4262,39.7527],[-105.4239,39.7518],[-105.4215,39.7482],[-105.4203,39.7454],[-105.4185,39.745],[-105.4143,39.7459],[-105.4101,39.7486],[-105.4035,39.7499],[-105.3945,39.7499],[-105.396,39.6506],[-105.3973,39.5644],[-105.4063,39.5645],[-105.4426,39.5651],[-105.4534,39.5652],[-105.4976,39.5653],[-105.5017,39.5654],[-105.5268,39.5655],[-105.5739,39.5652],[-105.6056,39.5653],[-105.6139,39.5653],[-105.6199,39.5653],[-105.7118,39.5656],[-105.7195,39.5656],[-105.7261,39.5656],[-105.8275,39.5649],[-105.8311,39.5658],[-105.8341,39.5676],[-105.8353,39.5708],[-105.8341,39.5744],[-105.8299,39.5776],[-105.8239,39.5789],[-105.8114,39.5798],[-105.8048,39.5843],[-105.8012,39.5893],[-105.7869,39.5965],[-105.7773,39.6033],[-105.7749,39.606],[-105.7761,39.6097],[-105.7796,39.6151],[-105.7808,39.621],[-105.7826,39.6278],[-105.7856,39.631],[-105.7921,39.6328],[-105.8059,39.6338],[-105.816,39.6329],[-105.8178,39.6333],[-105.8208,39.637],[-105.8238,39.6379],[-105.8303,39.637],[-105.8339,39.6374],[-105.8375,39.6392],[-105.8453,39.6442],[-105.85,39.6492],[-105.8566,39.6601],[-105.8607,39.6628],[-105.8679,39.6647],[-105.8733,39.6633],[-105.8847,39.6583],[-105.8882,39.6579],[-105.8918,39.6588],[-105.8954,39.662],[-105.899,39.6624],[-105.9062,39.662],[-105.9103,39.6624],[-105.9133,39.6633],[-105.9217,39.6729],[-105.9235,39.6765],[-105.9229,39.6792],[-105.9193,39.6851],[-105.9187,39.6869],[-105.9181,39.6887],[-105.9187,39.6924],[-105.9193,39.6946],[-105.9211,39.6969],[-105.9211,39.7005],[-105.9193,39.7069],[-105.9157,39.7109],[-105.9103,39.7155],[-105.9055,39.7205],[-105.9043,39.725],[-105.9025,39.7277],[-105.8995,39.7291],[-105.8911,39.7295],[-105.8863,39.7318],[-105.8821,39.7349],[-105.8803,39.7381],[-105.8803,39.7422],[-105.8809,39.7463],[-105.8821,39.7495],[-105.8821,39.7517],[-105.8803,39.7553],[-105.8785,39.7585],[-105.8785,39.7603],[-105.8803,39.7621],[-105.8827,39.7653],[-105.8851,39.7712],[-105.8857,39.7748],[-105.8887,39.7785],[-105.8898,39.7812],[-105.8892,39.7835],[-105.8856,39.788],[-105.8856,39.7907],[-105.8856,39.7934],[-105.885,39.7962],[-105.8814,39.7971],[-105.8737,39.797],[-105.8569,39.7961],[-105.8539,39.7948],[-105.8485,39.7898],[-105.8473,39.7884],[-105.8449,39.7884],[-105.8408,39.7884],[-105.8264,39.7861],[-105.8222,39.7861],[-105.8156,39.7879],[-105.8108,39.7906],[-105.806,39.7961],[-105.8018,39.7997],[-105.7982,39.8015],[-105.7934,39.8019],[-105.7862,39.8015],[-105.7779,39.7992],[-105.7755,39.7983],[-105.7659,39.7951],[-105.7623,39.7951],[-105.7539,39.7973],[-105.7414,39.8009],[-105.7359,39.8032],[-105.733,39.8054],[-105.7311,39.8086],[-105.7257,39.8149],[-105.7203,39.8204],[-105.7167,39.8258],[-105.7161,39.8312],[-105.7143,39.8349],[-105.7125,39.8362],[-105.7095,39.8362],[-105.7053,39.8348],[-105.7005,39.8348],[-105.6963,39.8357],[-105.6927,39.838],[-105.6909,39.8434],[-105.6903,39.847],[-105.6884,39.8507]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Clear Creek\",\"state\":\"CO\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faea5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox-Lillis, Jennifer R.","contributorId":56680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox-Lillis","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24551,"text":"ofr00110 - 2000 - Schlumberger DC resistivity soundings in the Boulder Watershed, Jefferson and Lewis and Clark counties, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T06:28:47","indexId":"ofr00110","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-110","title":"Schlumberger DC resistivity soundings in the Boulder Watershed, Jefferson and Lewis and Clark counties, Montana","docAbstract":"<p>During July, 1997, twenty four Schlumberger dc resistivity soundings were made in the Boulder watershed and adjacent areas (fig. 1). The objective of geophysical studies in the watershed is to map subsurface lithologic, structural and hydrologic features important in controlling possible ground water contamination from mining activities and for design of remediation efforts. These studies are part of an abandoned mine land study (http://amli.usgs.gov/amli/ ) of the Boulder Basin mining district ( http://www.deq.state.mt.us/mtmines2/linkdocs/techdocs/73tech.html ). </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00110","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Smith, B.D., and Sole, T., 2000, Schlumberger DC resistivity soundings in the Boulder Watershed, Jefferson and Lewis and Clark counties, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-110, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00110.","productDescription":"31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1640,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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,{"id":24821,"text":"ofr00190 - 2000 - Proposal and work plan to calibrate and verify a water-quality model to simulate effects of wastewater discharges to the Red River of the North at drought streamflow near Fargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-14T16:39:45","indexId":"ofr00190","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-190","title":"Proposal and work plan to calibrate and verify a water-quality model to simulate effects of wastewater discharges to the Red River of the North at drought streamflow near Fargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents a proposal for conducting a water-quality modeling study at drought streamflow, a detailed comprehensive plan for collecting the data, and an annual drought-formation monitoring plan. A 30.8 mile reach of the Red River of the North receives treated wastewater from plants at Fargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, Minnesota, and streamflow from the Sheyenne River. The water-quality modeling study will evaluate the effects of continuous treated-wastewater discharges to the study reach at drought streamflow. The study will define hydraulic characteristics and reaeration and selected reaction coefficients and will calibrate and verity a model.</p><p>The study includes collecting synoptic water-quality samples for various types of analyses at a number of sites in the study reach. Dye and gas samples will be collected for traveltime and reaeration measurements. Using the Lagrangian reference frame, synoptic water-quality samples will be collected for analysis of nutrients, chlorophyll a, alkalinity, and carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand. Field measurements will be made of specific conductance, pH, air and water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and sediment oxygen demand. Two sets of water-quality data will be collected. One data set will be used to calibrate the model, and the other data set will be used to verity the model.</p><p>The DAFLOW/BLTM models will be used to evaluate the effects of the treated wastewater on the water quality of the river. The model will simulate specific conductance, temperature, dissolved oxygen, carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen (organic, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate), total orthophosphorus, total phosphorus, and phytoplankton as chlorophyll a.</p><p>The work plan identifies and discusses the work elements needed for accomplishing the data collection for the study. The work elements specify who will provide personnel, vehicles, instruments, and supplies needed during data collection. The work plan contains instructions for data collection; inventory lists of needed personnel, vehicles, instruments, and supplies; and examples of computations for determining quantities of tracer to be injected into the stream. The work plan also contains an annual drought-formation monitoring plan that includes a 9-month time line that specifies when essential planning actions must occur before actual project start up. </p><p>Drought streamflows are rare. The annual drought-formation monitoring plan is presented to assist project planning by providing early warning that conditions are favorable to produce drought streamflow. The plan to monitor drought-forming conditions discusses the drought indices to be monitored. To establish a baseline, historic values for some of the drought indices for selected years were reviewed. An annual review of the drought indices is recommended.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00190","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Wesolowski, E.A., 2000, Proposal and work plan to calibrate and verify a water-quality model to simulate effects of wastewater discharges to the Red River of the North at drought streamflow near Fargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-190, iv, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00190.","productDescription":"iv, 60 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0190/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53829,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0190/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d85f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wesolowski, Edwin A.","contributorId":14014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesolowski","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24963,"text":"ofr00182 - 2000 - Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group; determination of chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites in water using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T18:10:08","indexId":"ofr00182","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-182","title":"Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group; determination of chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites in water using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"Analytical methods using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) were developed for the analysis of the following chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites in water: acetochlor ethanesulfonic acid (ESA), acetochlor oxanilic acid (OXA), alachlor ESA, alachlor OXA, metolachlor ESA, and metolachlor OXA. Good precision and accuracy were demonstrated for both the HPLC-DAD and HPLC/MS methods in reagent water, surface water, and ground water. The mean HPLC-DAD recoveries of the chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites from water samples spiked at 0.25, 0.50, and 2.0 mg/L (micrograms per liter) ranged from 84 to 112 percent, with relative standard deviations of 18 percent or less. The mean HPLC/MS recoveries of the metabolites from water samples spiked at 0.05, 0.20, and 2.0 mg/L ranged from 81 to 125 percent, with relative standard deviations of 20 percent or less. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for all metabolites using the HPLC-DAD method was 0.20 mg/L, whereas the LOQ using the HPLC/MS method was 0.05 mg/L. These metabolite-determination methods are valuable for acquiring information about water quality and the fate and transport of the parent chloroacetanilide herbicides in water. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00182","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, L., Hostetler, K., and Thurman, E., 2000, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group; determination of chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites in water using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-182, vi, 30 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00182.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0182/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53933,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0182/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1927,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr00182/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bc5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, L.R.","contributorId":28624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hostetler, K.A.","contributorId":29855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":24640,"text":"ofr00181 - 2000 - Archaeological analogues for assessing the long-term performance of a mined geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:28","indexId":"ofr00181","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-181","title":"Archaeological analogues for assessing the long-term performance of a mined geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr00181","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Stuckless, J.S., 2000, Archaeological analogues for assessing the long-term performance of a mined geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-181, iii, 27 p. :col. ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00181.","productDescription":"iii, 27 p. :col. ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0181/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53680,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0181/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679f4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuckless, John S. 0000-0002-7536-0444 jstuckless@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-0444","contributorId":4974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"John","email":"jstuckless@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24225,"text":"ofr00169 - 2000 - Flow-velocity and depth data during peak discharge events at selected bridge crossings in North Carolina, 1964-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T14:17:53","indexId":"ofr00169","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-169","title":"Flow-velocity and depth data during peak discharge events at selected bridge crossings in North Carolina, 1964-98","docAbstract":"Flow-velocity and depth data were collected from July 1996 through December 1998 during peak discharge events at 21 bridge crossings that are adjacent to U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging stations in North Carolina. These data were collected during measurements of peak discharges that had recurrence intervals ranging from less than 2 years to about 100 years. The velocity and depth data can be used to evaluate predicted flow velocities and scour depths that are computed as part of scour analyses at the selected bridge crossings.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr00169","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Pope, B.F., 2000, Flow-velocity and depth data during peak discharge events at selected bridge crossings in North Carolina, 1964-98: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-169, iii, 47 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00169.","productDescription":"iii, 47 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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,{"id":23572,"text":"ofr00105A - 2000 - Analytical results and sample locality map for rock, stream-sediment, and soil samples, Northern and Eastern Colorado Desert BLM Resource Area, Imperial, Riverside, and San Bernardino counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-08T18:38:40.68148","indexId":"ofr00105A","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-105","chapter":"A","title":"Analytical results and sample locality map for rock, stream-sediment, and soil samples, Northern and Eastern Colorado Desert BLM Resource Area, Imperial, Riverside, and San Bernardino counties, California","docAbstract":"<p>In 1996-1998 the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a geochemical study of the Bureau of Land Management’s (BLM) 5.5 million-acre Northern and Eastern Colorado Desert Resource Area (usually referred to as the NECD in this report), Imperial, Riverside, and San Bernardino Counties, southeastern California (figure 1). This study was done in support of the BLM’s Coordinated Management Plan for the area. This report presents analytical data from this study.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr00105A","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"King, H.D., and Chaffee, M.A., 2000, Analytical results and sample locality map for rock, stream-sediment, and soil samples, Northern and Eastern Colorado Desert BLM Resource Area, Imperial, Riverside, and San Bernardino counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-105, 163 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00105A.","productDescription":"163 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":52858,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0105a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1634,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0105/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0105a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":388956,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23460.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Imperial County, Riverside County, San Bernardino County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.25,\n              32.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.16,\n              32.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.167,\n              34.917\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.25,\n              34.917\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.25,\n              32.7\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67f5b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Harley D. hking@usgs.gov","contributorId":4046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Harley","email":"hking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":190337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chaffee, Maurice A. mchaffee@usgs.gov","contributorId":4047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaffee","given":"Maurice","email":"mchaffee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":190338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23764,"text":"ofr2000185 - 2000 - Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow at the Gettysburg Elevator Plant Superfund Site, Adams County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-31T20:46:57.544871","indexId":"ofr2000185","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-185","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow at the Gettysburg Elevator Plant Superfund Site, Adams County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Ground water in Triassic-age sedimentary fractured-rock aquifers in the area of Gettysburg, Pa., is used as drinking water and for industrial and commercial supply. In 1983, ground water at the Gettysburg Elevator Plant was found by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources to be contaminated with trichloroethene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and other synthetic organic compounds. As part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency?s Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, 1980 process, a Remedial Investigation was completed in July 1991, a method of site remediation was issued in the Record of Decision dated June 1992, and a Final Design Report was completed in May 1997. In cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in the hydrogeologic assessment of the site remediation, the U.S. Geological Survey began a study in 1997 to determine the effects of the onsite and offsite extraction wells on ground-water flow and contaminant migration from the Gettysburg Elevator Plant. This determination is based on hydrologic and geophysical data collected from 1991 to 1998 and on results of numerical model simulations of the local ground-water flow-system.\r\n\r\nThe Gettysburg Elevator Site is underlain by red, green, gray, and black shales of the Heidlersburg Member of the Gettysburg Formation. Correlation of natural-gamma logs indicates the sedimentary rock strike about N. 23 degrees E. and dip about 23 degrees NW. Depth to bedrock onsite commonly is about 6 feet but offsite may be as deep as 40 feet.\r\n\r\nThe ground-water system consists of two zones?a thin, shallow zone composed of soil, clay, and highly weathered bedrock and a thicker, nonweathered or fractured bedrock zone. The shallow zone overlies the bedrock zone and truncates the dipping beds parallel to land surface. Diabase dikes are barriers to ground-water flow in the bedrock zone. The ground-water system is generally confined or semi-confined, even at shallow depths.\r\n\r\nDepth to water can range from flowing at land surface to more than 71 feet below land surface. Potentiometric maps based on measured water levels at the Gettysburg Elevator Plant indicate ground water flows from west to east, towards Rock Creek. Multiple-well aquifer tests indicate the system is heterogeneous and flow is primarily in dipping beds that contain discrete secondary openings separated by less permeable beds. Water levels in wells open to the pumped bed, as projected along the dipping stratigraphy, are drawn down more than water levels in wells not open to the pumped bed.\r\n\r\nGround-water flow was simulated for steady-state conditions prior to pumping and long-term average pumping conditions. The three-dimensional numerical flow model (MODFLOW) was calibrated by use of a parameter estimation program (MODFLOWP). Steady-state conditions were assumed for the calibration period of 1996. An effective areal recharge rate of 7 inches was used in model calibration. The calibrated flow model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the current onsite and offsite extraction well system. The simulation results generally indicate that the extraction system effectively captures much of the ground-water recharge at the Gettysburg Elevator Plant and, hence, contaminated ground-water migrating from the site. Some of the extraction wells pump at low rates and have very small contributing areas. Results indicate some areal recharge onsite will move to offsite extraction wells.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000185","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Low, D.J., Goode, D., and Risser, D.W., 2000, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow at the Gettysburg Elevator Plant Superfund Site, Adams County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-185, vi, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2000185.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7640,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/185/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":406040,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_30032.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Adams County","otherGeospatial":"Gettysburg Elevator Plant Superfund Site","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.25,\n              39.833\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.208,\n              39.833\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.208,\n              39.883\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.25,\n              39.883\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.25,\n              39.833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625380","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Low, Dennis J. djlow@usgs.gov","contributorId":3450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Low","given":"Dennis","email":"djlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":190678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goode, Daniel J. 0000-0002-8527-2456 djgoode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":2433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"Daniel J.","email":"djgoode@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":190677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Risser, Dennis W. 0000-0001-9597-5406 dwrisser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9597-5406","contributorId":898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risser","given":"Dennis","email":"dwrisser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":190676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":24147,"text":"ofr00170 - 2000 - Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of ammonium plus organic nitrogen by a Kjeldahl digestion method and an automated photometric finish that includes digest cleanup by gas diffusion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T18:28:35.651871","indexId":"ofr00170","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-170","title":"Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of ammonium plus organic nitrogen by a Kjeldahl digestion method and an automated photometric finish that includes digest cleanup by gas diffusion","docAbstract":"The National Water Quality Laboratory\n(NWQL) determined ammonium plus organic\nnitrogen (Kjeldahl nitrogen) by using semiautomated,\nblock digester methods for filtered\nand whole-water samples from 1986 until\nOctober 1, 1991. During that time,\nphosphorus was determined by a persulfate\ndigestion method. In 1991, projected\nincreases in demand for both tests by the U.S.\nGeological Survey?s National Water-Quality\nAssessment Program led the NWQL to\ndevelop and validate methods for determining\nboth analytes in a common digest.\nThis report describes a rapid and\naccurate method to determine Kjeldahl\nnitrogen. The batch, high-temperature (block\ndigester), Hg (II)-catalyzed digestion step\nused in the new methods I-2515-91/4515-91 is\nsimilar to U.S. Geological Survey methods\nI-2552-85/4552-85 and U.S. Environmental\nProtection Agency method 351.2 except that\nsample and reagent volumes are halved.\nPrepared digests are desolvated at 220 degrees\nCelsius (oC) and digested at 370oC in separate\nblock digesters set at these temperatures,\nrather than in a single, temperatureprogrammed\nblock digester. This approach\npermits 40 calibrants, reference materials, and\nsamples to be digested and resolvated in about\nan hour. Ammonium ions originally present\nin samples, along with those released during\nthe digestion step, are determined photometrically\nby an automated, salicylatehypochlorite\nBerthelot reaction procedure at a\nrate of 90 tests per hour. About 100\nmicroliters of digest are required per\ndetermination. The upper concentration level\nis 10 milligrams per liter (mg/L) with a\nmethod detection level of 0.05 mg/L.\nRepeatability for a sample containing about\n4.1 mg/L of Kjeldahl nitrogen in a high\nsuspended-solids matrix is 3.1 percent.\nBetween-day precision for the same sample is\n4.8 percent.\nA gas diffusion cell in the air-segmented\ncontinuous flow analyzer eliminates\nparticulates and ions that otherwise would\ninterfere in the photometric finish. A singlechannel\nanalyzer can process the resolvated\ndigests from two pairs of block digesters each\nhour. Statistical analysis of paired data for\nabout 1,500 samples determined by U.S.\nGeological Survey methods I-2552-85/4552-\n85 and I-2515-91/4515-91 during method\nvalidation revealed a median concentration\ndifference between the former and the latter\nmethods of about 0.1 mg-N/L. This result was\nexpected because digestion blank concentrations\n(nearly equal to 0.1 mg/L) were not\nsubtracted from concentrations reported by\nmethods I-2552-85/4552-85. A 10-year\nrecord of National Water Quality Laboratory\nKjeldahl nitrogen blind blank concentration\ndata also supports a step-change decrease in\nKjeldahl nitrogen concentrations of about 0.1\nmg/L after methods I-2552-85/4552-85 were\nreplaced by methods I-2515-91/4515-91 on\nOctober 1, 1991. Somewhat larger\nconcentration differences between the two methods were observed for a subset of about\n350 samples with nitrate plus nitrite\nconcentrations greater than 1 mg-N/L.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :Branch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr00170","usgsCitation":"Patton, C.J., and Truitt, E.P., 2000, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of ammonium plus organic nitrogen by a Kjeldahl digestion method and an automated photometric finish that includes digest cleanup by gas diffusion: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-170, v, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00170.","productDescription":"v, 31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0170/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53291,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0170/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bb9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patton, Charles J. cjpatton@usgs.gov","contributorId":809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patton","given":"Charles","email":"cjpatton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":191402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Truitt, Earl P.","contributorId":65877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truitt","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23365,"text":"ofr95154 - 2000 - Development and testing of techniques to obtain infiltration data for unconsolidated surficial materials, Yucca Mountain area, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:16","indexId":"ofr95154","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-154","title":"Development and testing of techniques to obtain infiltration data for unconsolidated surficial materials, Yucca Mountain area, Nye County, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95154","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Hofmann, L.L., Guertal, W.R., and Flint, A.L., 2000, Development and testing of techniques to obtain infiltration data for unconsolidated surficial materials, Yucca Mountain area, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-154, iii, 23 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95154.","productDescription":"iii, 23 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0154/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52655,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0154/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db66722c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hofmann, Lon L.","contributorId":87804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofmann","given":"Lon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guertal, William R. wguertal@usgs.gov","contributorId":3792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guertal","given":"William","email":"wguertal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":189981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":189980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":21624,"text":"ofr0046 - 2000 - Environmental quality and preservation; bedrock beneath reefs; the importance of geology in understanding biological decline in a modern reef ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:58","indexId":"ofr0046","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-46","title":"Environmental quality and preservation; bedrock beneath reefs; the importance of geology in understanding biological decline in a modern reef ecosystem","docAbstract":"Environmental Quality and Preservation-Bedrock Beneath Reefs: the Importance of Geology in Understanding Biological Decline in a Modern Ecosystem' is a four-page and one-plate full-color discussion of the geologic framework and evolutionary history of the coral reef ecosystem that lines the outer shelf off the Florida Keys.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr0046","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Lidz, B.H., 2000, Environmental quality and preservation; bedrock beneath reefs; the importance of geology in understanding biological decline in a modern reef ecosystem: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-46, 2 folded sheets (4 p., [1] folded leaf of plates) :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0046.","productDescription":"2 folded sheets (4 p., [1] folded leaf of plates) :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9146,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-046/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0fe4b07f02db5fec8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lidz, Barbara H. blidz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidz","given":"Barbara","email":"blidz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":184958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38118,"text":"ofr00184 - 2000 - MODFLOW-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model; user guide to the observation, sensitivity, and parameter-estimation processes and three post-processing programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-11T13:45:37","indexId":"ofr00184","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-184","title":"MODFLOW-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model; user guide to the observation, sensitivity, and parameter-estimation processes and three post-processing programs","docAbstract":"<p>This report documents the Observation, Sensitivity, and Parameter-Estimation Processes of the ground-water modeling computer program MODFLOW-2000. The Observation Process generates model-calculated values for comparison with measured, or observed, quantities. A variety of statistics is calculated to quantify this comparison, including a weighted least-squares objective function. In addition, a number of files are produced that can be used to compare the values graphically. The Sensitivity Process calculates the sensitivity of hydraulic heads throughout the model with respect to specified parameters using the accurate sensitivity-equation method. These are called grid sensitivities. If the Observation Process is active, it uses the grid sensitivities to calculate sensitivities for the simulated values associated with the observations. These are called observation sensitivities. Observation sensitivities are used to calculate a number of statistics that can be used (1) to diagnose inadequate data, (2) to identify parameters that probably cannot be estimated by regression using the available observations, and (3) to evaluate the utility of proposed new data. </p><p>The Parameter-Estimation Process uses a modified Gauss-Newton method to adjust values of user-selected input parameters in an iterative procedure to minimize the value of the weighted least-squares objective function. Statistics produced by the Parameter-Estimation Process can be used to evaluate estimated parameter values; statistics produced by the Observation Process and post-processing program RESAN-2000 can be used to evaluate how accurately the model represents the actual processes; statistics produced by post-processing program YCINT-2000 can be used to quantify the uncertainty of model simulated values. </p><p>Parameters are defined in the Ground-Water Flow Process input files and can be used to calculate most model inputs, such as: for explicitly defined model layers, horizontal hydraulic conductivity, horizontal anisotropy, vertical hydraulic conductivity or vertical anisotropy, specific storage, and specific yield; and, for implicitly represented layers, vertical hydraulic conductivity. In addition, parameters can be defined to calculate the hydraulic conductance of the River, General-Head Boundary, and Drain Packages; areal recharge rates of the Recharge Package; maximum evapotranspiration of the Evapotranspiration Package; pumpage or the rate of flow at defined-flux boundaries of the Well Package; and the hydraulic head at constant-head boundaries. The spatial variation of model inputs produced using defined parameters is very flexible, including interpolated distributions that require the summation of contributions from different parameters. </p><p>Observations can include measured hydraulic heads or temporal changes in hydraulic heads, measured gains and losses along head-dependent boundaries (such as streams), flows through constant-head boundaries, and advective transport through the system, which generally would be inferred from measured concentrations.</p><p> MODFLOW-2000 is intended for use on any computer operating system. The program consists of algorithms programmed in Fortran 90, which efficiently performs numerical calculations and is fully compatible with the newer Fortran 95. The code is easily modified to be compatible with FORTRAN 77. Coordination for multiple processors is accommodated using Message Passing Interface (MPI) commands. 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