We calibrated SPARROW (Spatially Referenced Regression on Watershed Attributes) surface water‐quality models using measurements of total nitrogen and total phosphorus from 37 sites in the 13,900‐km2 Waikato River Basin, the largest watershed on the North Island of New Zealand. This first application of SPARROW outside of the United States included watersheds representative of a wide range of natural and cultural conditions and water‐resources data that were well suited for calibrating and validating the models. We applied the spatially distributed model to a drainage network of nearly 5000 stream reaches and 75 lakes and reservoirs to empirically estimate the rates of nutrient delivery (and their levels of uncertainty) from point and diffuse sources to streams, lakes, and watershed outlets. The resulting models displayed relatively small errors; predictions of stream yield (kg ha−1 yr−1) were typically within 30% or less of the observed values at the monitoring sites. There was strong evidence of the accuracy of the model estimates of nutrient sources and the natural rates of nutrient attenuation in surface waters. Estimated loss rates for streams, lakes, and reservoirs agreed closely with experimental measurements and empirical models from New Zealand, North America, and Europe as well as with previous U.S. SPARROW models. The results indicate that the SPARROW modeling technique provides a reliable method for relating experimental data and observations from small catchments to the transport of nutrients in the surface waters of large river basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001WR000878","usgsCitation":"Alexander, R.B., Elliott, A.H., Shankar, U., and McBride, G.B., 2002, Estimating the sources and transport of nutrients in the Waikato River Basin, New Zealand: Water Resources Research, v. 38, no. 12, p. 4-1-4-23, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR000878.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"4-1","endPage":"4-23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478641,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001wr000878","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","otherGeospatial":" Waikato River","volume":"38","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b62e4b0c8380cd526cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, Richard B. 0000-0001-9166-0626 ralex@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-0626","contributorId":541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","email":"ralex@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":399351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Alexander H.","contributorId":202424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elliott","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shankar, Ude","contributorId":80033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shankar","given":"Ude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McBride, Graham B.","contributorId":83306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McBride","given":"Graham","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024016,"text":"70024016 - 2002 - Differences in attenuation among the stable continental regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-19T16:24:25.192756","indexId":"70024016","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences in attenuation among the stable continental regions","docAbstract":"There are systematic differences in the attenuation of damaging earthquake ground motions between different stable continental regions (SCRs). Seismic intensity and weak-motion data show that the attenuation in seismic waves for eastern North America (ENA) is less than for India, Africa, Australia, and northwest Europe. If ENA ground-motion attenuation relations are used in seismic hazard models for other SCRs, as is commonly done, then the estimated ground motions and resulting hazard may be too large. If an attenuation model that averages observations from ENA and the other SCRs is used to estimate the magnitudes of large historical earthquakes in ENA, as is the case for recent estimates of M for the 1811-1812 New Madrid, Missouri and the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina events, then the magnitude estimates for these events will be too large, as will be the resulting hazard.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2002GL015457","usgsCitation":"Bakun, W.H., and McGarr, A., 2002, Differences in attenuation among the stable continental regions: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 29, no. 23, p. 36-1-36-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015457.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"36-1","endPage":"36-4","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478619,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gl015457","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00ece4b0c8380cd4f9c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGarr, Art 0000-0001-9769-4093","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":43491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Art","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023831,"text":"70023831 - 2002 - McCauley Sinks: A compound breccia pipe in evaporite karst, Holbrook Basin, Arizona, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023831","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1184,"text":"Carbonates and Evaporites","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"McCauley Sinks: A compound breccia pipe in evaporite karst, Holbrook Basin, Arizona, U.S.A","docAbstract":"The McCauley Sinks, in the Holbrook basin of northeastern Arizona, are comprised of some 50 individual sinkholes within a 3-km-wide depression. The sinks are grouped in a semi-concentric pattern of three nested rings. The outer ring is an apparent tension zone containing ring fractures. The two inner rings are semi-circular chains of large sinkholes, ranging up to 100 m across and 50 m deep. Several sub-basins within the larger depression show local downwarping and possible incipient sinkholes. Permian Kaibab Formation limestone is the principal surface lithology; the limestone here is less than 15 m thick and is near its easternmost limit. Although surface rillenkarren are present, and the sinks are seen in the Kaibab limestone outcrops, the Kaibab is mainly a passive rock unit that has collapsed into solution cavities developed in underlying salt beds. Beneath the Kaibab is Coconino Sandstone, which overlies the Permian Schnebly Hill Formation, the unit containing the evaporite rocks-principally halite in the Corduroy Member. Evaporite karst in this part of the Holbrook basin is quite different from the eastern part, probably because of the westward disappearance of the Holbrook anticline, a structure that has major joint systems that help channel water down to the salt beds farther to the east. Also, the McCauley Sinks are near the western limits of the evaporites. The structure at McCauley Sinks suggests a compound breccia pipe, with multiple sinks contributing to the inward-dipping major depression. The Richards Lake depression, 5 km southeast of McCauley Sinks, is similar in form and size but contains only a single, central sinkhole. An apparent difference in hydrogeology at McCauley Sinks is their proximity to the adjacent, deeply incised, Chevelon Canyon drainage, but the hydrologic connections are unknown. The 3-km-wide McCauley Sinks karst depression, along with five other nearby depressions, provide substantial hydrologic catchment. Because of widespread piping into karst features and jointed bedrock at shallow depth, runoff water does not pond easily at the surface. There appears to be a greater recharge efficiency here than in alluvial areas; thus concern exists for groundwater users downgradient from the karst area. Accordingly, sinkholes and open fissures should not be used for waste disposal.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Carbonates and Evaporites","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08912556","usgsCitation":"Neal, J., and Johnson, K., 2002, McCauley Sinks: A compound breccia pipe in evaporite karst, Holbrook Basin, Arizona, U.S.A: Carbonates and Evaporites, v. 17, no. 2, p. 98-106.","startPage":"98","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a52aee4b0c8380cd6c5d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neal, J.T.","contributorId":39550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, K.S.","contributorId":24385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023941,"text":"70023941 - 2002 - True metabolizable energy of moist-soil seeds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023941","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"True metabolizable energy of moist-soil seeds","docAbstract":"Habitat objectives for migrating and wintering waterfowl are often established by converting population energy demands into an equivalent measure of foraging habitat. In some areas, seeds produced from moist-soil plants provide a significant proportion of the energy available to waterfowl. To accurately establish habitat objectives for migrating and wintering waterfowl, managers must estimate seed production from moist-soil plants and have information on metabolizable energy (ME) of moist-soil seeds. Although methods for estimating seed production have been developed, ME has been determined for few natural seeds. We determined true metabolizable energy (TME) of 10 moist-soil seeds commonly consumed by wintering and migrating ducks. TME estimates were similar (P>0.05) for hairy crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis; 3.09 kcal/g), little hairy crabgrass (D. ischaemum; 3.10 kcal/g), pigweed (Amaranthus spp.; 2.97 kcal/g), yellow foxtail (Setaria lutescens; 2.88 kcal/g), fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum; 2.75 kcal/g), curly dock (Rumex crispus; 2.68 kcal/g), and wild millet (Echinochloa crusgalli; 2.61 kcal/g), but less (P<0.05) for beakrush (Rynchospora corniculata; 1.86 kcal/g), paspalum (Paspalum laeve; 1.57 kcal/g), and nodding or curltop ladysthumb smartweed (Polygonum lapathifolium; 1.52 kcal/g). TME values determined for moist-soil seeds in this study will allow managers to accurately estimate carrying capacity of waterfowl habitats.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Checkett, J., Drobney, R., Petrie, M., and Graber, D., 2002, True metabolizable energy of moist-soil seeds: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 30, no. 4, p. 1113-1119.","startPage":"1113","endPage":"1119","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231899,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb8a0e4b08c986b32798b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Checkett, J.M.","contributorId":84940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Checkett","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drobney, R.D.","contributorId":26827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drobney","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petrie, M.J.","contributorId":57238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrie","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graber, D.A.","contributorId":66873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graber","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023950,"text":"70023950 - 2002 - Drowned reefs and antecedent karst topography, Au'au channel, S.E. Hawaiian Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-02T10:02:48","indexId":"70023950","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1338,"text":"Coral Reefs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drowned reefs and antecedent karst topography, Au'au channel, S.E. Hawaiian Islands","docAbstract":"During the last glacial maximum (LGM), about 21,000 years ago, the Hawaiian Islands of Maui, Lanai, and Molokai were interconnected by limestone bridges, creating a super-island known as Maui-Nui. Approximately 120 m of sea-level rise during the Holocene Transgression flooded, and then drowned, these bridges separating the islands by inter-island channels. A new multibeam high-resolution bathymetric survey of the channels between the islands, coupled with observations and video-transects utilizing DeepWorker-2000 submersibles, has revealed the existence of numerous drowned reef features including concentric solution basins, solution ridges (rims), sand and sediment plains, and conical-shaped reef pinnacles. The concentric basins contain flat lagoon-like bottoms that are rimmed by steep-sided limestone walls. Undercut notches rim the basins at several depths, marking either sea-level still stands or paleo-lake levels. All of the solution basins shallower than 120 m were subaerial at the LGM, and at one stage or another may have been shallow shoreline lakes. Today, about 70 drowned reef pinnacles are scattered across the Maui-Lanai underwater bridge and all are situated in wave-sheltered positions. Most drowned during the interval between 14,000 and 10,000 years ago when sea-level rise averaged 15 mm/year. Virtually all of the surficial topography in the Au'au Channel today is a product of karst processes accentuated by marginal reef growth during the Holocene. Both the submerged basins and the drowned reefs represent an archive of sea-level and climate history in Hawaii during the late Quaternary.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coral Reefs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00338-001-0203-8","issn":"07224028","usgsCitation":"Grigg, R., Grossman, E.E., Earle, S., Gittings, S., Lott, D., and McDonough, J., 2002, Drowned reefs and antecedent karst topography, Au'au channel, S.E. Hawaiian Islands: Coral Reefs, v. 21, no. 1, p. 73-82, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-001-0203-8.","startPage":"73","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232016,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293258,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-001-0203-8"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Au'au Channel","volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-02-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03ffe4b0c8380cd50728","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grigg, R.W.","contributorId":31548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grigg","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grossman, E. E.","contributorId":96046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Earle, S.A.","contributorId":98077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earle","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gittings, S.R.","contributorId":65636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gittings","given":"S.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lott, D.","contributorId":59583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lott","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McDonough, J.","contributorId":90077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonough","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70023850,"text":"70023850 - 2002 - The deep space 1 encounter with comet 19P/Borrelly","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70023850","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1429,"text":"Earth, Moon and Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The deep space 1 encounter with comet 19P/Borrelly","docAbstract":"NASA's Deep Space 1 (DS1) spacecraft successfully encountered comet 19P/Borrelly near perihelion and the Miniature Integrated Camera and Spectrometer (MICAS) imaging system onboard DS1 returned the first high-resolution images of a Jupiter-family comet nucleus and surrounding environment. The images span solar phase angles from 88?? to 52??, providing stereoscopic coverage of the dust coma and nucleus. Numerous surface features are revealed on the 8-km long nucleus in the highest resolution images (47-58 m/pixel). A smooth, broad basin containing brighter regions and mesa-like structures is present in the central part of the nucleus that seems to be the source of jet-like dust features seen in the coma. High ridges seen along the jagged terminator lead to rugged terrain on both ends of the nucleus containing dark patches and smaller series of parallel grooves. No evidence of impact craters with diameters larger than about 200-m are present, indicating a young and active surface. The nucleus is very dark with albedo variations from 0.007 to 0.035. Short-wavelength, infrared spectra from 1.3 to 2.6 ??m revealed a hot, dry surface consistent with less than about 10% actively sublimating. Two types of dust features are seen: Broad fans and highly collimated \"jets\" in the sunward hemisphere that can be traced to the surface. The source region of the main jet feature, which resolved into at least three smaller \"jets\" near the surface, is consistent with an area around the rotation pole that is constantly illuminated by the sun during the encounter. Within a few nuclear radii, entrained dust is rapidly accelerated and fragmented and geometrical effects caused from extended source regions are present, as evidenced in radial intensity profiles centered on the jet features that show an increase in source strength with increasing cometocentric distance. Asymmetries in the dust from dayside to nightside are pronounced and may show evidence of lateral flow transporting dust to structures observed in the nightside coma. A summary of the initial results of the Deep Space 1 Mission is provided, highlighting the new knowledge that has been gained thus far.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth, Moon and Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1021519124588","issn":"01679295","usgsCitation":"Boice, D.C., Soderblom, L., Britt, D., Brown, R.H., Sandel, B., Yelle, R., Buratti, B.J., Hicks, M., Nelson, R., Rayman, M., Oberst, J., and Thomas, N., 2002, The deep space 1 encounter with comet 19P/Borrelly: Earth, Moon and Planets, v. 89, no. 1-4, p. 301-324, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021519124588.","startPage":"301","endPage":"324","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207396,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021519124588"},{"id":232314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa86e4b08c986b322881","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boice, D. C.","contributorId":103043,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boice","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Britt, D.T.","contributorId":72150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britt","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sandel, B.R.","contributorId":105881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandel","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yelle, R.V.","contributorId":74523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yelle","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hicks, M.D.","contributorId":7045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hicks","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Nelson, R.M.","contributorId":38316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rayman, M.D.","contributorId":48734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rayman","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Oberst, J.","contributorId":103427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberst","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Thomas, N.","contributorId":72490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70023834,"text":"70023834 - 2002 - Comparability and accuracy of fluvial-sediment data - A view from the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023834","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Comparability and accuracy of fluvial-sediment data - A view from the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"The quality of historical fluvial-sediment data cannot be taken for granted, based on a review of upper Colorado River basin suspended-sediment discharges, and on an evaluation of the reliability of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) data. Additionally, the quality of future fluvial-sediment data are not assured. Sediment-surrogate technologies, including those that operate on acoustic, laser, bulk optic, digital optic, or pressure differential principles, are being used with increasing frequency to measure in-stream and (or) laboratory fluvial-sediment characteristics. Data from sediment-surrogate technologies may yield results that differ significantly from those obtained by traditional methods for the same sedimentary conditions. Development of national sediment data-quality criteria and rigorous comparisons of data derived from sediment-surrogate technologies to those obtained by traditional techniques will minimize the potential for future fluvial-sediment data-quality concerns.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods 2002","conferenceDate":"28 July 2002 through 1 August 2002","conferenceLocation":"Estes Park, CO","language":"English","isbn":"0784406553","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.R., Glysson, G., and Mueller, D.S., 2002, Comparability and accuracy of fluvial-sediment data - A view from the U.S. Geological Survey, in Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods, Estes Park, CO, 28 July 2002 through 1 August 2002, p. 919-924.","startPage":"919","endPage":"924","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f80de4b0c8380cd4ce5e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.","contributorId":128321,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.","id":536508,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Gray, J. R.","contributorId":63372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glysson, G.D.","contributorId":16430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, D. S.","contributorId":51338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023954,"text":"70023954 - 2002 - Evaluation of direct effects of an insecticide on gray treefrogs: Laboratory and field trials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-03T15:06:51.933081","indexId":"70023954","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of direct effects of an insecticide on gray treefrogs: Laboratory and field trials","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.1670/0022-1511(2002)036[0715:EODEOA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Saura-Mas, S., Boone, M.D., and Bridges, C.M., 2002, Evaluation of direct effects of an insecticide on gray treefrogs: Laboratory and field trials: Journal of Herpetology, v. 36, no. 4, p. 715-719, https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2002)036[0715:EODEOA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"715","endPage":"719","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c6be4b0c8380cd52b35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saura-Mas, S.","contributorId":44703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saura-Mas","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boone, Michelle D.","contributorId":55361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boone","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bridges, Christine M.","contributorId":173847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bridges","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023921,"text":"70023921 - 2002 - Steady subsidence of Medicine Lake volcano, northern California, revealed by repeated leveling surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T08:56:47","indexId":"70023921","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Steady subsidence of Medicine Lake volcano, northern California, revealed by repeated leveling surveys","docAbstract":"Leveling surveys of a 193‐km circuit across Medicine Lake volcano (MLV) in 1954 and 1989 show that the summit area subsided by as much as 302 ± 30 mm (−8.6 ± 0.9 mm/yr) with respect to a datum point near Bartle, California, 40 km to the southwest. This result corrects an error in the earlier analysis of the same data by Dzurisin et al. [1991], who reported the subsidence rate as −11.1 ± 1.2 mm/yr. The subsidence pattern extends across the entire volcano, with a surface area of nearly 2000 km2. Two areas of localized subsidence by as much as 20 cm can be attributed to shallow normal faulting near the volcano's periphery. Surveys of an east–west traverse across Lava Beds National Monument on the north flank of the volcano in 1990 and of a 23‐km traverse across the summit area in 1999 show that subsidence continued at essentially the same rate during 1989–1999 as 1954–1989. Volcano‐wide subsidence can be explained by either a point source of volume loss (Mogi) or a contracting horizontal rectangular dislocation (sill) at a depth of 10–11 km. Volume loss rate estimates range from 0.0013 to 0.0032 km3/yr, depending mostly on the source depth estimate and source type. Based on first‐order quantitative considerations, we can rule out that the observed subsidence is due to volume loss from magma withdrawal, thermal contraction, or crystallizing magma at depth. Instead, we attribute the subsidence and faulting to: (1) gravitational loading of thermally weakened crust by the mass of the volcano and associated intrusive rocks, and (2) thinning of locally weakened crust by Basin and Range deformation. The measured subsidence rate exceeds long‐term estimates from drill hole data, suggesting that over long timescales, steady subsidence and episodic uplift caused by magmatic intrusions counteract each other to produce the lower net subsidence rate.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000893","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Dzurisin, D., Poland, M.P., and Burgmann, R., 2002, Steady subsidence of Medicine Lake volcano, northern California, revealed by repeated leveling surveys: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. 12, p. ECV 8-1-ECV 8-16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000893.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"ECV 8-1","endPage":"ECV 8-16","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478642,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb000893","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Medicine lake volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.74224853515625,\n 41.35413387210046\n ],\n [\n -121.74224853515625,\n 41.71700538790365\n ],\n [\n -121.3385009765625,\n 41.71700538790365\n ],\n [\n -121.3385009765625,\n 41.35413387210046\n ],\n [\n -121.74224853515625,\n 41.35413387210046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b981be4b08c986b31be21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dzurisin, Daniel 0000-0002-0138-5067 dzurisin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-5067","contributorId":538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"Daniel","email":"dzurisin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":399346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":399347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burgmann, Roland","contributorId":192700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burgmann","given":"Roland","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023927,"text":"70023927 - 2002 - Experience gained in testing a theory for modelling groundwater flow in heterogeneous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:18","indexId":"70023927","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experience gained in testing a theory for modelling groundwater flow in heterogeneous media","docAbstract":"Usually, small-scale model error is present in groundwater modelling because the model only represents average system characteristics having the same form as the drift, and small-scale variability is neglected. These errors cause the true errors of a regression model to be correlated. Theory and an example show that the errors also contribute to bias in the estimates of model parameters. This bias originates from model nonlinearity. In spite of this bias, predictions of hydraulic head are nearly unbiased if the model intrinsic nonlinearity is small. Individual confidence and prediction intervals are accurate if the t-statistic is multiplied by a correction factor. The correction factor can be computed from the true error second moment matrix, which can be determined when the stochastic properties of the system characteristics are known.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Christensen, S., and Cooley, R., 2002, Experience gained in testing a theory for modelling groundwater flow in heterogeneous media: IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 277, p. 22-27.","startPage":"22","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"277","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0db8e4b0c8380cd53172","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, S.","contributorId":30387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooley, R.L.","contributorId":9272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023892,"text":"70023892 - 2002 - A fault constitutive relation accounting for thermal pressurization of pore fluid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T22:23:58.088659","indexId":"70023892","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A fault constitutive relation accounting for thermal pressurization of pore fluid","docAbstract":"The heat generated in a slip zone during an earthquake can raise fluid pressure and thereby reduce frictional resistance to slip. The amount of fluid pressure rise depends on the associated fluid flow. The heat generated at a given time produces fluid pressure that decreases inversely with the square root of hydraulic diffusivity times the elapsed time. If the slip velocity function is crack-like, there is a prompt fluid pressure rise at the onset of slip, followed by a slower increase. The stress drop associated with the prompt fluid pressure rise increases with rupture propagation distance. The threshold propagation distance at which thermally induced stress drop starts to dominate over frictionally induced stress drop is proportional to hydraulic diffusivity. If hydraulic diffusivity is 0.02 m2/s, estimated from borehole samples of fault zone material, the threshold propagation distance is 300 m. The stress wave in an earthquake will induce an unknown amount of dilatancy and will increase hydraulic diffusivity, both of which will lessen the fluid pressure effect. Nevertheless, if hydraulic diffusivity is no more than two orders of magnitude larger than the laboratory value, then stress drop is complete in large earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002JB001942","usgsCitation":"Andrews, D., 2002, A fault constitutive relation accounting for thermal pressurization of pore fluid: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B12, p. ESE 15-1-ESE 15-8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JB001942.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"ESE 15-1","endPage":"ESE 15-8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478615,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jb001942","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3cbe4b0c8380cd4621c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, D.J.","contributorId":7416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023955,"text":"70023955 - 2002 - Snow, topography, and the diurnal cycle in streamflow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023955","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Snow, topography, and the diurnal cycle in streamflow","docAbstract":"Because snowmelt processes are spatially complex, point measurements, particularly in mountainous regions, are often inadequate to resolve basin-scale characteristics. Satellite measurements provide good spatial sampling but are often infrequent in time, particularly during cloudy weather. Fortunately, hourly measurements of river discharge provide another widely available, but as yet underutilized, source of information, providing direct information on basin output at a fine temporal scale. The hour of maximum discharge recorded each day reflects the travel time between peak melt and the time most water reaches the gauge. Traditional theories, based on numerical models of melt-water percolation through a snowpack and localized, small-basin observations, report that the hour of daily maximum flow becomes earlier as the snowpack thins and matures, reflecting shorter travel times for surface melt to reach the base of the snowpack. However, an examination of hourly discharge from 100 basins in the Western United States, ranging in size from 1.3 km2 to 10,813 km2, reveals a more complex situation. The sequences of seasonal evolution of the hour of maximum discharge are unique to each basin, but within a given basin are remarkably consistent between years, regardless of the size of the snowpack. This seems to imply that basin topography strongly influences the timing of peak flow. In most of the basins examined, at the end of the melt season, the hour of maximum discharge shifts to later in the day, reflecting increased travel times as the snowline retreats to higher elevations.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of The Western Snow Conference","conferenceTitle":"70th Annual Meeting Western Snow Conference","conferenceDate":"20 May 2002 through 23 May 2002","conferenceLocation":"Granby, CO","language":"English","issn":"01610589","usgsCitation":"Lundquist, J., Knowles, N., Dettinger, M., and Cayan, D., 2002, Snow, topography, and the diurnal cycle in streamflow, in Proceedings of The Western Snow Conference, Granby, CO, 20 May 2002 through 23 May 2002, p. 153-156.","startPage":"153","endPage":"156","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91b5e4b08c986b319a53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lundquist, J.D.","contributorId":93243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundquist","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knowles, N.","contributorId":61212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dettinger, M. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":78909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cayan, D.","contributorId":49563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024011,"text":"70024011 - 2002 - The December 1872 Washington state earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-21T11:28:11.833273","indexId":"70024011","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The December 1872 Washington state earthquake","docAbstract":"The largest historical earthquake in eastern Washington occurred on 15 December 1872. We used Modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) assignments for 12 twentieth-century earthquakes to determine attenuation relations for different regions in the Pacific Northwest. MMI attenuation for propagation paths east and west of the Cascade Mountains differs significantly only for epicentral distances greater than about 225 km. We used these attenuation relations and the MMI assignments for the 15 December 1872 earthquake to conclude that its epicentral region was east of the Cascade Mountains near Lake Chelan, Washington, and most probably near the south end of Lake Chelan. The intensity magnitude, MI, is 6.8 and moment magnitude, M, is 6.5-7.0 at the 95% confidence level.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120010274","usgsCitation":"Bakun, W.H., Haugerud, R., Hopper, M.G., and Ludwin, R., 2002, The December 1872 Washington state earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 8, p. 3239-3258, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120010274.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"3239","endPage":"3258","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231753,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.27734374999999,\n 46.76996843356982\n ],\n [\n -123.8818359375,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -123.48632812499999,\n 46.01222384063236\n ],\n [\n -123.17871093749997,\n 46.01222384063236\n ],\n [\n -122.9150390625,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -122.3876953125,\n 45.55252525134013\n ],\n [\n -121.24511718749997,\n 45.67548217560647\n ],\n [\n -119.00390625,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -116.98242187499999,\n 45.92058734473368\n ],\n [\n -116.98242187499999,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -121.06933593749999,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -123.1787109375,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -122.78320312499999,\n 48.28319289548349\n ],\n [\n -124.8486328125,\n 48.45835188280866\n ],\n [\n -124.27734374999999,\n 46.76996843356982\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba6fae4b08c986b32130a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haugerud, R. A. 0000-0001-7302-4351","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-4351","contributorId":42953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugerud","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hopper, M. G.","contributorId":39389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopper","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ludwin, R.S.","contributorId":55459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwin","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023879,"text":"70023879 - 2002 - Fragmentation: Is the message clear?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-23T16:42:06.336735","indexId":"70023879","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1323,"text":"Conservation Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fragmentation: Is the message clear?","docAbstract":"In this paper, we briefly discuss some of the fundamental problems arising from the inherent complexity of larger-scale ecological systems. We examine the tenuous assumption of a direct correspondence between ecological data and theory, we comment on a recent report that evaluated the efficacy of fragmentation experiments, and we briefly assess its implications for ecological research and conservation practice on the landscape scale.","language":"English","publisher":"The Resilience Alliance","doi":"10.5751/ES-00415-060214","usgsCitation":"Bissonnette, J., and Storch, I., 2002, Fragmentation: Is the message clear?: Conservation Ecology, v. 6, no. 2, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-00415-060214.","productDescription":"5 p.","costCenters":[{"id":609,"text":"Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497121,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/d96308ad37304df49052b8e9914b45c6","text":"External Repository"},{"id":231589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13b9e4b0c8380cd54769","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bissonnette, J.A.","contributorId":30783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bissonnette","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storch, Ilse","contributorId":91272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storch","given":"Ilse","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023945,"text":"70023945 - 2002 - Evaluation of terrestrial carbon cycle models with atmospheric CO2 measurements: Results from transient simulations considering increasing CO2, climate, and land-use effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-21T15:42:13.780501","indexId":"70023945","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of terrestrial carbon cycle models with atmospheric CO2 measurements: Results from transient simulations considering increasing CO2, climate, and land-use effects","docAbstract":"An atmospheric transport model and observations of atmospheric CO2 are used to evaluate the performance of four Terrestrial Carbon Models (TCMs) in simulating the seasonal dynamics and interannual variability of atmospheric CO2 between 1980 and 1991. The TCMs were forced with time varying atmospheric CO2 concentrations, climate, and land use to simulate the net exchange of carbon between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere. The monthly surface CO2 fluxes from the TCMs were used to drive the Model of Atmospheric Transport and Chemistry and the simulated seasonal cycles and concentration anomalies are compared with observations from several stations in the CMDL network. The TCMs underestimate the amplitude of the seasonal cycle and tend to simulate too early an uptake of CO2 during the spring by approximately one to two months. The model fluxes show an increase in amplitude as a result of land-use change, but that pattern is not so evident in the simulated atmospheric amplitudes, and the different models suggest different causes for the amplitude increase (i.e., CO2 fertilization, climate variability or land use change). The comparison of the modeled concentration anomalies with the observed anomalies indicates that either the TCMs underestimate interannual variability in the exchange of CO2 between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere, or that either the variability in the ocean fluxes or the atmospheric transport may be key factors in the atmospheric interannual variability.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2001GB001426","usgsCitation":"Dargaville, R., Heimann, M., McGuire, A., Prentice, I.C., Kicklighter, D., Joos, F., Clein, J.S., Esser, G., Foley, J., Kaplan, J., Meier, R., Melillo, J.M., Moore, B., Ramankutty, N., Reichenau, T., Schloss, A., Sitch, S., Tian, H., Williams, L., and Wittenberg, U., 2002, Evaluation of terrestrial carbon cycle models with atmospheric CO2 measurements: Results from transient simulations considering increasing CO2, climate, and land-use effects: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 16, no. 4, p. 39-1-39-15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GB001426.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"39-1","endPage":"39-15","costCenters":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478762,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://boris.unibe.ch/158465/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":231974,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ccfe4b0c8380cd52ce3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dargaville, R.J.","contributorId":41992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dargaville","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heimann, Martin","contributorId":76497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimann","given":"Martin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prentice, I. C.","contributorId":63969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"I.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kicklighter, D. W.","contributorId":31537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kicklighter","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[{"id":13627,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":399442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Joos, F.","contributorId":30786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joos","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Clein, Joy S.","contributorId":83697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clein","given":"Joy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Esser, G.","contributorId":15373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esser","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Foley, J.","contributorId":40760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kaplan, J.","contributorId":82888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Meier, R.A.","contributorId":79267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Melillo, J. M.","contributorId":73139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melillo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Moore, B. III","contributorId":96845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"B.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Ramankutty, N.","contributorId":57624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramankutty","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Reichenau, T.","contributorId":107064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichenau","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Schloss, A.","contributorId":44320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloss","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Sitch, S.","contributorId":81652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sitch","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Tian, H.","contributorId":43524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tian","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Williams, L.J.","contributorId":41183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Wittenberg, U.","contributorId":63990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wittenberg","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}} ,{"id":70023949,"text":"70023949 - 2002 - High-resolution characterization of chemical heterogeneity in an alluvial aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023949","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":649,"text":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution characterization of chemical heterogeneity in an alluvial aquifer","docAbstract":"The high-resolution capabilities of direct-push technology were exploited to develop new insights into the hydrochemistry at the margin of an alluvial aquifer. Hydrostratigraphic controls on groundwater flow and contaminant loading were revealed through the combined use of direct-push electrical conductivity (EC) logging and geochemical profiling. Vertical and lateral variations in groundwater chemistry were consistent with sedimentary features indicated by EC logs, and supported a conceptual model of recharge along the floodplain margin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Czech","issn":"00017132","usgsCitation":"Schulmeister, M., Healey, J., McCall, G., Birk, S., and Butler, J., 2002, High-resolution characterization of chemical heterogeneity in an alluvial aquifer: Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica, v. 46, no. 2-3, p. 353-355.","startPage":"353","endPage":"355","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232015,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30fde4b0c8380cd5db39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulmeister, M.K.","contributorId":24526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulmeister","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healey, J.M.","contributorId":61199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healey","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCall, G.W.","contributorId":35096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCall","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Birk, S.","contributorId":41182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birk","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Butler, J.J.","contributorId":55605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023990,"text":"70023990 - 2002 - Worldwide estimates of deep natural gas resources based on the U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T15:10:42.439457","indexId":"70023990","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Worldwide estimates of deep natural gas resources based on the U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey recently assessed undiscovered conventional gas and oil resources in eight regions of the world outside the U.S. The resources assessed were those estimated to have the potential to be added to reserves within the next thirty years. This study is a worldwide analysis of the estimated volumes and distribution of deep (>4.5 km or about 15,000 ft), undiscovered conventional natural gas resources based on this assessment. Two hundred forty-six assessment units in 128 priority geologic provinces, 96 countries, and two jointly held areas were assessed using a probabilistic Total Petroleum System approach. Priority geologic provinces were selected from a ranking of 937 provinces worldwide. The U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment Team did not assess undiscovered petroleum resources in the U.S. For this report, mean estimated volumes of deep conventional undiscovered gas resources in the U.S. are taken from estimates of 101 deep plays (out of a total of 550 conventional plays in the U.S.) from the U.S. Geological Survey's 1995 National Assessment of Oil and Gas Resources. A probabilistic method was designed to subdivide gas resources into depth slices using a median-based triangular probability distribution as a model for drilling depth to estimate the percentages of estimated gas resources below various depths. For both the World Petroleum Assessment 2000 and the 1995 National Assessment of Oil and Gas Resources, minimum, median, and maximum depths were assigned to each assessment unit and play; these depths were used in our analysis. Two-hundred seventy-four deep assessment units and plays in 124 petroleum provinces were identified for the U.S. and the world. These assessment units and plays contain a mean undiscovered conventional gas resource of 844 trillion cubic ft (Tcf) occuring at depths below 4.5 km. The deep undiscovered conventional gas resource (844 Tcf) is about 17% of the total world gas resource (4,928 Tcf) based on the provinces assessed and includes a mean estimate of 259 Tcf of U.S. gas from the U.S. 1995 National Assessment. Of the eight regions, the Former Soviet Union (Region 1) contains the largest estimated volume of undiscovered deep gas with a mean resource of343 Tcf.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1023/A:1019860722244","usgsCitation":"Dyman, T.S., Crovelli, R., Bartberger, C., and Takahashi, K.I., 2002, Worldwide estimates of deep natural gas resources based on the U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000: Natural Resources Research, v. 11, no. 3, p. 207-218, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019860722244.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd1dae4b08c986b32f5b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dyman, T. S.","contributorId":21161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dyman","given":"T.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crovelli, R. A.","contributorId":40969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartberger, C. E.","contributorId":102665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartberger","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Takahashi, K. I.","contributorId":65072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takahashi","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024026,"text":"70024026 - 2002 - Grassland birds orient nests relative to nearby vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-17T16:54:38.186099","indexId":"70024026","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grassland birds orient nests relative to nearby vegetation","docAbstract":"We studied orientation of nest sites relative to nearby vegetation for dabbling ducks (Cinnamon Teal, Anas cyanoptera; Blue-winged Teal, A. discors; Gadwall, A. strepera; Mallard, A. platyrhynchos; and Northern Shoveler, A. clypeata) and Short-eared Owls (Asio flammeus) in ungrazed grassland habitat during 1995–1997 in westcentral Montana. We estimated an index of vegetation height and density in intercardinal directions (NE, SE, SW, NW) immediately around nests. All species oriented nests with the least vegetation to the southeast and the most vegetation to either the southwest or northwest. Furthermore, maximum vegetation around nests shifted from the southwest to the northwest with increasing nest initiation date, apparently as a response of individuals tracking seasonal change in the afternoon solar path. Thus, nests were relatively exposed to solar insolation during cool morning hours but were shaded from intense insolation in the afternoon throughout the breeding season. We suggest that nest microhabitat was selected in part to moderate the thermal environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0450:GBONRT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hoekman, S.T., Ball, I., and Fondell, T., 2002, Grassland birds orient nests relative to nearby vegetation: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 114, no. 4, p. 450-456, https://doi.org/10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0450:GBONRT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"450","endPage":"456","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478756,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/210407","text":"External Repository"},{"id":231943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Mission Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.2,\n 47.245678021018755\n ],\n [\n -114.6,\n 47.245678021018755\n ],\n [\n -114.6,\n 47.67833372712059\n ],\n [\n -114.2,\n 47.67833372712059\n ],\n [\n -114.2,\n 47.245678021018755\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"114","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a29e6e4b0c8380cd5ad22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoekman, S. T.","contributorId":101418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoekman","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ball, I.J.","contributorId":104427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"I.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fondell, Thomas F. tfondell@usgs.gov","contributorId":139310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fondell","given":"Thomas F.","email":"tfondell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":399724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023920,"text":"70023920 - 2002 - Groundwater hydrochemistry in the active layer of the proglacial zone, Finsterwalderbreen, Svalbard","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-05T12:32:29","indexId":"70023920","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater hydrochemistry in the active layer of the proglacial zone, Finsterwalderbreen, Svalbard","docAbstract":"Glacial bulk meltwaters and active-layer groundwaters were sampled from the proglacial zone of Finsterwalderbreen during a single melt season in 1999, in order to determine the geochemical processes that maintain high chemical weathering rates in the proglacial zone of this glacier. Results demonstrate that the principle means of solute acquisition is the weathering of highly reactive moraine and fluvial active-layer sediments by supra-permafrost groundwaters. Active-layer groundwater derives from the thaw of the proglacial snowpack, buried ice and glacial bulk meltwaters. Groundwater evolves by sulphide oxidation and carbonate dissolution. Evaporation- and freeze-concentration of groundwater in summer and winter, respectively produce Mg-Ca-sulphate salts on the proglacial surface. Re-dissolution of these salts in early summer produces groundwaters that are supersaturated with respect to calcite. There is a pronounced spatial pattern to the geochemical evolution of groundwater. Close to the main proglacial channel, active layer sediments are flushed diurnally by bulk meltwaters. Here, Mg-Ca-sulphate deposits become exhausted in the early season and geochemical evolution proceeds by a combination of sulphide oxidation and carbonate dissolution. At greater distances from the channel, the dissolution of Mg-Ca-sulphate salts is a major influence and dilution by the bulk meltwaters is relatively minor. The influence of sulphate salt dissolution decreases during the sampling season, as these salts are exhausted and waters become increasingly routed by subsurface flowpaths. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00279-2","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Cooper, R., Wadham, J., Tranter, M., Hodgkins, R., and Peters, N., 2002, Groundwater hydrochemistry in the active layer of the proglacial zone, Finsterwalderbreen, Svalbard: Journal of Hydrology, v. 269, no. 3-4, p. 208-223, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00279-2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"208","endPage":"223","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":502515,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/3324","text":"External Repository"},{"id":231553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207017,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00279-2"}],"volume":"269","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2da6e4b0c8380cd5bf86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooper, R.J.","contributorId":89077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wadham, J.L.","contributorId":20112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wadham","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tranter, M.","contributorId":22525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tranter","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hodgkins, R.","contributorId":103036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023989,"text":"70023989 - 2002 - Spatial scale analysis in geophysics - Integrating surface and borehole geophysics in groundwater studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T12:49:23","indexId":"70023989","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Spatial scale analysis in geophysics - Integrating surface and borehole geophysics in groundwater studies","docAbstract":"Integration of geophysical data obtained at various scales can bridge the gap between localized data from boreholes and site-wide data from regional survey profiles. Specific approaches to such analysis include: 1) comparing geophysical measurements in boreholes with the same measurement made from the surface; 2) regressing geophysical data obtained in boreholes with water-sample data from screened intervals; 3) using multiple, physically independent measurements in boreholes to develop multivariate response models for surface geophysical surveys; 4) defining subsurface cell geometry for most effective survey inversion methods; and 5) making geophysical measurements in boreholes to serve as independent verification of geophysical interpretations. Integrated analysis of surface electromagnetic surveys and borehole geophysical logs at a study site in south Florida indicates that salinity of water in the surficial aquifers is controlled by a simple wedge of seawater intrusion along the coast and by a complex pattern of upward brine seepage from deeper aquifers throughout the study area. This interpretation was verified by drilling three additional test boreholes in carefully selected locations.","largerWorkTitle":"ASTM Special Technical Publication","conferenceTitle":"Symposium on Spatial Methods for the Solution of Environmental and Hydrologic Problems: Science, Policy and Standardization","conferenceDate":"25 January 2001 through 25 January 2001","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","issn":"10403094","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., 2002, Spatial scale analysis in geophysics - Integrating surface and borehole geophysics in groundwater studies, in ASTM Special Technical Publication, no. 1420, Reno, NV, 25 January 2001 through 25 January 2001, p. 77-91.","startPage":"77","endPage":"91","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"1420","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94a6e4b08c986b31abca","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Singhroy, V.H.","contributorId":2451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singhroy","given":"V.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730615,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, D.T.","contributorId":111343,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730616,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierce, R.R.","contributorId":52201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730617,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, A.I.","contributorId":82676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"A.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730618,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023826,"text":"70023826 - 2002 - Routine low-level monitoring of polar pesticides and pesticide degradates by HPLC/ESI-MS: Evaluating long-term performance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023826","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Routine low-level monitoring of polar pesticides and pesticide degradates by HPLC/ESI-MS: Evaluating long-term performance","docAbstract":"The sensitivity and selective determination of polar pesticides were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS). The effects of multiple operators and instruments on method performance were evaluated using 440 pairs of fortified reagent-water and blank reagent-water samples. The influence of varying environmental matrices on recovery and precision were also analyzed using 200 fortified ambient water samples and duplicate ambient water samples. The results show that compound stability in filtered water was matrix-, chemical class- and compound-dependent which ranged from 1 day to 2 weeks.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings 50th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrmetry and Allied Topics","conferenceTitle":"Porceedings - 50th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics","conferenceDate":"2 June 2002 through 6 June 2002","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Furlong, E., Martin, J., Werner, S., and Gates, P.M., 2002, Routine low-level monitoring of polar pesticides and pesticide degradates by HPLC/ESI-MS: Evaluating long-term performance, in Proceedings 50th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrmetry and Allied Topics, Orlando, FL, 2 June 2002 through 6 June 2002, p. 651-652.","startPage":"651","endPage":"652","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaeade4b0c8380cd8716f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furlong, E. T. 0000-0002-7305-4603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":98346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Jeffrey D.","contributorId":40609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jeffrey D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Werner, S.L.","contributorId":82734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gates, Paul M.","contributorId":31411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}