We present structural and stratigraphic evidence from a paleoseismic site near Wrightwood, California, for 14 large earthquakes that occurred on the southern San Andreas fault during the past 1500 years. In a network of 38 trenches and creek-bank exposures, we have exposed a composite section of interbedded debris flow deposits and thin peat layers more than 24 m thick; fluvial deposits occur along the northern margin of the site. The site is a 150-m-wide zone of deformation bounded on the surface by a main fault zone along the northwest margin and a secondary fault zone to the southwest. Evidence for most of the 14 earthquakes occurs along structures within both zones. We identify paleoearthquake horizons using in-filled fissures, scarps, multiple rupture terminations, and widespread folding and tilting of beds. Ages of stratigraphic units and earthquakes are constrained by historic data and 72 14C ages, mostly from samples of peat and some from plant fibers, wood, pine cones, and charcoal.
Comparison of the long, well-resolved paleoseimic record at Wrightwood with records at other sites along the fault indicates that rupture lengths of past earthquakes were at least 100 km long. Paleoseismic records at sites in the Coachella Valley suggest that each of the past five large earthquakes recorded there ruptured the fault at least as far northwest as Wrightwood. Comparisons with event chronologies at Pallett Creek and sites to the northwest suggests that approximately the same part of the fault that ruptured in 1857 may also have failed in the early to mid-sixteenth century and several other times during the past 1200 years. Records at Pallett Creek and Pitman Canyon suggest that, in addition to the 14 earthquakes we document, one and possibly two other large earthquakes ruptured the part of the fault including Wrightwood since about a.d. 500. These observations and elapsed times that are significantly longer than mean recurrence intervals at Wrightwood and sites to the southeast suggest that at least the southermost 200 km of the San Andreas fault is near failure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120000608","usgsCitation":"Fumal, T.E., Weldon, R.J., Biasi, G., Dawson, T.E., Seitz, G.G., Frost, W.T., and Schwartz, D.P., 2002, Evidence for large earthquakes on the San Andreas fault at the Wrightwood, California paleoseismic site: A.D. 500 to present: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 7, p. 2726-2760, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000608.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"2726","endPage":"2760","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.52001953124999,\n 33.52307880890422\n ],\n [\n -116.76269531249999,\n 33.52307880890422\n ],\n [\n -116.76269531249999,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -120.52001953124999,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -120.52001953124999,\n 33.52307880890422\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d45e4b0c8380cd52ef3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fumal, T. 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E.","contributorId":84537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seitz, G. G.","contributorId":95651,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seitz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Frost, W. T.","contributorId":104246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frost","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":52968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":1002933,"text":"1002933 - 2002 - Improved method for quantifying the avicide 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride in bird tissues using a deuterated surrogate/GC/MS method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-20T14:27:17.666582","indexId":"1002933","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2149,"text":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved method for quantifying the avicide 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride in bird tissues using a deuterated surrogate/GC/MS method","docAbstract":"A method using a deuterated surrogate of the avicide 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride (CPTH) was developed to quantify the CPTH residues in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and breast muscle tissues in birds collected in CPTH-baited sunflower and rice fields. This method increased the range of a previous surrogate/gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy method from 0−2 to 0−20 μg/g in tissue samples and greatly simplified the extraction procedure. The modified method also sought to increase recoveries over a range of matrix effects introduced by analyzing tissues from birds collected in the field, where the GI tract contents would be affected by varying diet. The new method was used to determine the CPTH concentration in GI tract samples fortified with CPTH-treated rice bait to simulate the consumption of varying amounts of treated bait by two nontargeted bird species, pigeon (Columbia livia) and house sparrow (Passer domesticus). The new method was then used to examine the CPTH concentrations in the gizzard contents of the targeted bird species, red-winged black bird (Agelaius phoeniceus) and brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater), that were collected after feeding at a treated bait site. The method proved sufficiently sensitive to quantify CPTH in the breast muscle tissues and the gizzard contents of red-winged blackbirds and brown-headed cowbirds during an operational baiting program. The levels of CPTH determined for these birds in both tissue samples were determined to be highly correlated. The appearance of CPTH in the breast muscle tissue immediately after feeding was not anticipated. The potential secondary hazard posed by the targeted birds to potential scavengers and predators was also evaluated.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/jf011003d","usgsCitation":"Stahl, R.S., Custer, T.W., Pochop, P.A., and Johnston, J.J., 2002, Improved method for quantifying the avicide 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride in bird tissues using a deuterated surrogate/GC/MS method: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 50, no. 4, p. 732-738, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf011003d.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"732","endPage":"738","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5d6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stahl, Randal S.","contributorId":27390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahl","given":"Randal","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custer, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3170-6519 tcuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":2835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pochop, P. A.","contributorId":73715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pochop","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnston, J. J.","contributorId":17339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1003899,"text":"1003899 - 2002 - A baiting system for delivery of an oral plague vaccine to black-tailed prairie dogs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T14:13:07","indexId":"1003899","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A baiting system for delivery of an oral plague vaccine to black-tailed prairie dogs","docAbstract":"Laboratory and field studies were conducted between July and October 1999 to identify bait preference, biomarker efficacy, and bait acceptance rates for delivering an oral plague vaccine to black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). Twenty juvenile captive prairie dogs were offered alfalfa baits containing either alfalfa, alfalfa and 5% molasses, or alfalfa, 5% molasses and 4% salt. Based on the results of these trials we selected a bait containing alfalfa, 7% molasses, and 1% salt for field trials to determine bait acceptance rates by free-ranging animals. The biomarkers DuPont Blue dye, iophenoxic acid, and tetracycline hydrochloride were orally administered to captive prairie dogs to determine their efficacy. Only tetracycline proved effective as a biomarker. Two field trials were conducted at separate prairie dog colonies located at the Buffalo Gap National Grassland (Pennington County, South Dakota, USA). In Trial 1, three baits containing tetracycline were distributed around each active burrow entrance and an additional bait was placed inside the burrow (1,276 baits total). In Trial 2, baits were distributed at the same density per burrow as Trial 1, but along transects spaced 10 m apart (1,744 baits total). Trapping began 3 days after bait distribution, and 30 prairie dogs then were captured at each site to determine the percentage of animals marked. In Trial 1, 67% of the prairie dogs captured had tetracycline deposits indicative of bait consumption. In Trial 2, 83% of the prairie dogs had ingested a bait. Approximately 15% of the animals in both trials ate more than one bait. Fleas (Opisocrostis hirsutus) were found on 64 of 70 (91%) of the prairie dogs captured during this study.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-38.1.32","usgsCitation":"Creekmore, T.E., Rocke, T.E., and Hurley, J., 2002, A baiting system for delivery of an oral plague vaccine to black-tailed prairie dogs: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 38, no. 1, p. 32-39, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-38.1.32.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"32","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478688,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-38.1.32","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","county":"Pennington","otherGeospatial":"Buffalo Gap National Grassland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.04602050781249,\n 43.393073720674415\n ],\n [\n -104.04602050781249,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -103.0133056640625,\n 43.02071359427862\n ],\n [\n -103.02429199218749,\n 43.58039085560784\n ],\n [\n -101.51916503906249,\n 43.71950494269107\n ],\n [\n -101.51916503906249,\n 43.83848910616803\n ],\n [\n -101.68395996093749,\n 43.846412964702395\n ],\n [\n -101.634521484375,\n 43.99281450048989\n ],\n [\n -102.48596191406249,\n 43.97305156068593\n ],\n [\n -102.5079345703125,\n 43.83848910616803\n ],\n [\n -102.67822265625,\n 43.9058083561574\n ],\n [\n -103.02978515625,\n 43.98491011404692\n ],\n [\n -102.9803466796875,\n 43.79885402720353\n ],\n [\n -103.2220458984375,\n 43.64005063334696\n ],\n [\n -103.1890869140625,\n 43.297198404646366\n ],\n [\n -103.271484375,\n 43.27320591705845\n ],\n [\n -103.2550048828125,\n 43.11702412135048\n ],\n [\n -103.32092285156249,\n 43.08894918346591\n ],\n [\n -103.33740234375,\n 43.229195113965005\n ],\n [\n -103.5791015625,\n 43.23319741022136\n ],\n [\n -103.5791015625,\n 43.137069765760344\n ],\n [\n -103.80432128906249,\n 43.137069765760344\n ],\n [\n -103.80157470703125,\n 43.3071924816119\n ],\n [\n -103.9801025390625,\n 43.43696596521823\n ],\n [\n -104.04602050781249,\n 43.393073720674415\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"552f8baee4b0b22a158031db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Creekmore, Terry E.","contributorId":42179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creekmore","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":314592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hurley, J.","contributorId":19126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurley","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024276,"text":"70024276 - 2002 - Effects of mosquito larvicide on mallard ducklings and prey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T12:37:22","indexId":"70024276","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of mosquito larvicide on mallard ducklings and prey","docAbstract":"We determined the effects of a commonly used mosquito (Culicidae) larvicide (California Golden Bear Oil??, also GB-1111) on body mass and survival of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings and on target and nontarget invertebrates. Field studies conducted on natural ponds located in salt marshes in south San Francisco Bay indicated that GB-1111 had an initial impact on potential invertebrate prey of birds that dissipated rapidly 3 days post-spray. Over-spray, spray drift, or treatment of more extensive areas would likely delay recovery of nontarget prey. Ducklings held intermittently on the ponds over an 8-day period showed no significant effects of weight loss due to invertebrate prey depletion, although initial effects of exposure to GB-1111 were observed (i.e., matting of feathers and mild hypothermia). These results emphasize the importance of avoiding application of GB-1111 during cold temperatures and adherence to recommended use of this larvicide. Otherwise, GB-1111 had a short-term impact on wetland communities.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Miles, A., Lawler, S., Dritz, D., and Spring, S., 2002, Effects of mosquito larvicide on mallard ducklings and prey: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 30, no. 3, p. 675-682.","startPage":"675","endPage":"682","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0763e4b0c8380cd5168a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miles, A.K. 0000-0002-3108-808X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":85902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawler, S.P.","contributorId":99068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawler","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dritz, D.","contributorId":39313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dritz","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spring, S.","contributorId":14328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spring","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1014608,"text":"1014608 - 2002 - Association of methylmercury with dissolved humic acids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T16:10:01.349519","indexId":"1014608","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Association of methylmercury with dissolved humic acids","docAbstract":"Sorption of methylmercury (MeHg) to three different humic acids was investigated as a function of pH and humic concentration. The extent of sorption did not show a strong pH dependence within the pH range of 5−9. Below pH 5, a decrease in adsorption for all humic samples was observed. The experimental data for equilibrium sorption of MeHg were modeled using a discrete log K spectrum approach with three weakly acidic functional groups. The modeling parameters, which were the equilibrium binding constants and the total binding capacities, represented the data well at all MeHg and humic concentra tions and pH values for a given humic sample. The estimated binding constants for complexes of MeHg with humic acids were similar in magnitude to those of MeHg with thiol-containing compounds, suggesting that binding of MeHg involves the thiol groups of humic acids. The results show that only a small fraction of the reduced sulfur species in humic substances may take part in binding MeHg, but in most natural systems, this subfraction is considerably higher in concentration than ambient MeHg. The model developed here can be incorporated into speciation models to assess the bioavailability of MeHg in the presence of dissolved organic matter and competing ligands such as chloride and sulfide.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es011044q","usgsCitation":"Amirbahman, A., Reid, A., Haines, T., Kahl, J.S., and Arnold, C., 2002, Association of methylmercury with dissolved humic acids: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 4, p. 690-695, https://doi.org/10.1021/es011044q.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"690","endPage":"695","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66ce24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amirbahman, A.","contributorId":25111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amirbahman","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, A.L.","contributorId":65810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haines, T.A.","contributorId":83062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kahl, J. S.","contributorId":77885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kahl","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arnold, C.","contributorId":107238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70024772,"text":"70024772 - 2002 - Place vs. time and vegetational persistence: A comparison of four tropical mires from the Illinois Basin during the height of the Pennsylvanian Ice Age","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70024772","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Place vs. time and vegetational persistence: A comparison of four tropical mires from the Illinois Basin during the height of the Pennsylvanian Ice Age","docAbstract":"Coal balls were collected from four coal beds in the southeastern part of the Illinois Basin. Collections were made from the Springfield, Herrin, and Baker coals in western Kentucky, and from the Danville Coal in southwestern Indiana. These four coal beds are among the principal mineable coals of the Illinois Basin and belong to the Carbondale and Shelburn Formations of late Middle Pennsylvanian age. Vegetational composition was analyzed quantitatively. Coal-ball samples from the Springfield, Herrin, and Baker are dominated by the lycopsid tree Lepidophloios, with lesser numbers of Psaronius tree ferns, medullosan pteridosperms, and the lycopsid trees Synchysidendron and Diaphorodendron. This vegetation is similar to that found in the Springfield and Herrin coals elsewhere in the Illinois Basin, as reported in previous studies. The Danville coal sample, which is considerably smaller than the others, is dominated by Psaronius with the lycopsids Sigillaria and Synchysidendron as subdominants. Coal balls from the Springfield coal were collected in zones directly from the coal bed and their zone-by-zone composition indicates three to four distinct plant assemblages. The other coals were analyzed as whole-seam random samples, averaging the landscape composition of the parent mire environments. This analysis indicates that these coals, separated from each other by marine and terrestrial-clastic deposits, have essentially the same floristic composition and, thus, appear to represent a common species pool that persisted throughout the late Middle Pennsylvanian, despite changes in baselevel and climate attendant the glacial interglacial cyclicity of the Pennsylvanian ice age. Patterns of species abundance and diversity are much the same for the Springfield, Herrin, and Baker, although each coal, both in the local area sampled, and regionally, has its own paleobotanical peculiarities. Despite minor differences, these coals indicate a high degree of recurrence of assemblage and landscape organization. The Danville departs dramatically from the dominance-diversity composition of the older coals, presaging patterns of tree-fern and Sigillaria dominance of Late Pennsylvanian coals of the eastern United States, but, nonetheless, built on a species pool shared with the older coals. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(02)00113-1","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"DiMichele, W.A., Phillips, T., and Nelson, W.J., 2002, Place vs. time and vegetational persistence: A comparison of four tropical mires from the Illinois Basin during the height of the Pennsylvanian Ice Age: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 50, no. 1-4, p. 43-72, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(02)00113-1.","startPage":"43","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207718,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(02)00113-1"},{"id":232889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b89e4b0c8380cd794c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DiMichele, William A.","contributorId":97631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiMichele","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, T.L.","contributorId":43517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, W. John","contributorId":25217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1016306,"text":"1016306 - 2002 - Comparison of desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) populations in an unused and off-road vehicle area in the Mojave Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T16:43:32","indexId":"1016306","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1210,"text":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) populations in an unused and off-road vehicle area in the Mojave Desert","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Following the aggressive invasion of the bivalve, Potamocorbula amurensis, in the San Francisco Bay-Delta in 1986, selenium contamination in the benthic food web increased. Concentrations in this dominant (exotic) bivalve in North Bay were three times higher in 1995–1997 than in earlier studies, and 1990 concentrations in benthic predators (sturgeon and diving ducks) were also higher than in 1986. The contamination was widespread, varied seasonally and was greater in P. amurensis than in co-occurring and transplanted species. Selenium concentrations in the water column of the Bay were enriched relative to the Sacramento River but were not as high as observed in many contaminated aquatic environments. Total Se concentrations in the dissolved phase never exceeded 0.3 μg Se per l in 1995 and 1996; Se concentrations on particulate material ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 μg Se per g dry weight (dw) in the Bay. Nevertheless, concentrations in P. amurensis reached as high as 20 μg Se per g dw in October 1996. The enriched concentrations in bivalves (6–20 μg Se per g dw) were widespread throughout North San Francisco Bay in October 1995 and October 1996. Concentrations varied seasonally from 5 to 20 μg Se per g dw, and were highest during the periods of lowest river inflows and lowest after extended high river inflows. Transplanted bivalves (oysters, mussels or clams) were not effective indicators of either the degree of Se contamination in P. amurensis or the seasonal increases in contamination in the resident benthos. Se is a potent environmental toxin that threatens higher trophic level species because of its reproductive toxicity and efficient food web transfer. Bivalves concentrate selenium effectively because they bioaccumulate the element strongly and lose it slowly; and they are a direct link in the exposure of predaceous benthivore species. Biological invasions of estuaries are increasing worldwide. Changes in ecological structure and function are well known in response to invasions. This study shows that changes in processes such as cycling and effects of contaminants can accompany such invasions.
This study reports baseline concentrations of mercury (Hg) in feathers from different species of birds sampled at various locations off the Chilean coast (Southeastern Pacific). Hg concentrations were evaluated in relation to geographic location, taxonomic affiliation, and feeding strategies. Between January and March of 1995, we collected mature contour feathers from 116 birds belonging to 22 species, mostly seabirds. Birds were collected from 10 different locations (26°09′S, 70°40′W to 54°56′S, 67°37′W). Feather Hg concentrations ranged from 0.11 to 13 μg g−1 dry weight. We found differences in feather Hg concentrations across taxonomic groups, with highest concentrations in petrels, shearwaters, and albatrosses (Procellaridae), followed by boobies (Sulidae), gulls, terns, skuas (Laridae) and cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae). Ibises and oystercatchers (Threskiornithidae and Charadriidae) had intermediate values, whereas ducks and geese (Anatidae) contained the least amount of Hg. Oceanic species preying on mesopelagic fish (the Procellariformes albatrosses, petrels, and fulmars) had over twice as much Hg (overall average of 3.9 μg g−1) when compared to the rest of the species sampled (overall average of 1.5 μg g−1). We did not find higher Hg concentrations in birds inhabiting the more heavily industrialized and urbanized areas of the country (central and northern regions), but in birds inhabiting the remote Juan Fernández Archipelago. This is not surprising, since all the Procellariformes (the group with highest Hg values in this study) were collected from these islands. Except for Hg in Kermadec petrels (mean of 12 μg g−1), the range of Hg values reported here (0.11–7.3 μg g−1) fell below those known to cause adverse health and reproductive effects in birds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/s0025-326x(01)00280-6","usgsCitation":"Ochoa-Acuna, H.G., Sepulveda, M.S., and Gross, T., 2002, Mercury in feathers from Chilean birds: Influence of location, feeding strategy and taxonomic affiliation: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 44, p. 340-349, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0025-326x(01)00280-6.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"340","endPage":"349","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Chile","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-68.63401,-52.63637],[-68.63335,-54.8695],[-67.56244,-54.87001],[-66.95992,-54.89681],[-67.29103,-55.30124],[-68.14863,-55.61183],[-68.63999,-55.58002],[-69.2321,-55.49906],[-69.95809,-55.19843],[-71.00568,-55.05383],[-72.2639,-54.49514],[-73.2852,-53.95752],[-74.66253,-52.83749],[-73.8381,-53.04743],[-72.43418,-53.7154],[-71.10773,-54.07433],[-70.59178,-53.61583],[-70.26748,-52.93123],[-69.34565,-52.5183],[-68.63401,-52.63637]]],[[[-68.21991,-21.49435],[-67.82818,-22.87292],[-67.10667,-22.73592],[-66.98523,-22.98635],[-67.32844,-24.0253],[-68.41765,-24.51855],[-68.386,-26.18502],[-68.5948,-26.50691],[-68.29554,-26.89934],[-69.00123,-27.52121],[-69.65613,-28.45914],[-70.01355,-29.36792],[-69.91901,-30.33634],[-70.53507,-31.36501],[-70.0744,-33.09121],[-69.81478,-33.27389],[-69.81731,-34.19357],[-70.38805,-35.16969],[-70.36477,-36.00509],[-71.12188,-36.65812],[-71.11863,-37.57683],[-70.81466,-38.553],[-71.41352,-38.91602],[-71.68076,-39.80816],[-71.91573,-40.83234],[-71.7468,-42.05139],[-72.1489,-42.25489],[-71.91542,-43.40856],[-71.46406,-43.78761],[-71.79362,-44.20717],[-71.3298,-44.40752],[-71.22278,-44.78424],[-71.65932,-44.97369],[-71.55201,-45.56073],[-71.91726,-46.88484],[-72.44736,-47.73853],[-72.33116,-48.24424],[-72.64825,-48.87862],[-73.41544,-49.31844],[-73.32805,-50.37879],[-72.97575,-50.74145],[-72.30997,-50.67701],[-72.3294,-51.42596],[-71.9148,-52.00902],[-69.49836,-52.14276],[-68.57155,-52.29944],[-69.46128,-52.29195],[-69.94278,-52.53793],[-70.8451,-52.8992],[-71.00633,-53.83325],[-71.42979,-53.85645],[-72.55794,-53.53141],[-73.70276,-52.83507],[-74.94676,-52.26275],[-75.26003,-51.62935],[-74.97663,-51.0434],[-75.47975,-50.37837],[-75.60802,-48.67377],[-75.18277,-47.71192],[-74.12658,-46.93925],[-75.6444,-46.64764],[-74.69215,-45.76398],[-74.35171,-44.10304],[-73.24036,-44.45496],[-72.7178,-42.38336],[-73.3889,-42.11753],[-73.70134,-43.36578],[-74.33194,-43.22496],[-74.01796,-41.79481],[-73.6771,-39.94221],[-73.21759,-39.25869],[-73.50556,-38.28288],[-73.58806,-37.15628],[-73.16672,-37.12378],[-72.55314,-35.50884],[-71.86173,-33.90909],[-71.43845,-32.4189],[-71.66872,-30.92064],[-71.37008,-30.09568],[-71.48989,-28.86144],[-70.90512,-27.64038],[-70.72495,-25.70592],[-70.40397,-23.629],[-70.09125,-21.39332],[-70.16442,-19.75647],[-70.37257,-18.34798],[-69.85844,-18.09269],[-69.59042,-17.58001],[-69.10025,-18.26013],[-68.96682,-18.98168],[-68.44223,-19.40507],[-68.75717,-20.37266],[-68.21991,-21.49435]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Chile\"}}]}","volume":"44","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624c07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ochoa-Acuna, H. G.","contributorId":52520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ochoa-Acuna","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sepulveda, M. S.","contributorId":99918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gross, T. S.","contributorId":95828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"T. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024625,"text":"70024625 - 2002 - Thallium isotope variations in seawater and hydrogenetic, diagenetic, and hydrothermal ferromanganese deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:14","indexId":"70024625","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thallium isotope variations in seawater and hydrogenetic, diagenetic, and hydrothermal ferromanganese deposits","docAbstract":"Results are presented for the first in-depth investigation of TI isotope variations in marine materials. The TI isotopic measurements were conducted by multiple collector-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for a comprehensive suite of hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts, diagenetic Fe-Mn nodules, hydrothermal manganese deposits and seawater samples. The natural variability of TI isotope compositions in these samples exceeds the analytical reproducibility (?? 0.05???) by more than a factor of 40. Hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts have ??205TI of + 10 to + 14, whereas seawater is characterized by values as low as -8 (??205TI represents the deviation of the 205TI/203TI ratio of a sample from the NIST SRM 997 TI isotope standard in parts per 104). This ~ 2??? difference in isotope composition is thought to result from the isotope fractionation that accompanies the adsorption of TI onto ferromanganese particles. An equilibrium fractionation factor of ?? ~ 1.0021 is calculated for this process. Ferromanganese nodules and hydrothermal manganese deposits have variable TI isotope compositions that range between the values obtained for seawater and hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts. The variability in ??205TI in diagenetic nodules appears to be caused by the adsorption of TI from pore fluids, which act as a closed-system reservoir with a TI isotope composition that is inferred to be similar to seawater. Nodules with ??205TI values similar to seawater are found if the scavenging of TI is nearly quantitative. Hydrothermal manganese deposits display a positive correlation between ??205TI and Mn/Fe. This trend is thought to be due to the derivation of TI from distinct hydrothermal sources. Deposits with low Mn/Fe ratios and low ??205TI are produced by the adsorption of TI from fluids that are sampled close to hydrothermal sources. Such fluids have low Mn/Fe ratios and relatively high temperatures, such that only minor isotope fractionation occurs during adsorption. Hydrothermal manganese deposits with high Mn/Fe and high ??205Ti are generated by scavenging of TI from colder, more distal hydrothermal fluids. Under such conditions, adsorption is associated with significant isotope fractionation, and this produces deposits with higher ??205TI values coupled with high Mn/Fe. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00462-4","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Rehkamper, M., Frank, M., Hein, J., Porcelli, D., Halliday, A., Ingri, J., and Liebetrau, V., 2002, Thallium isotope variations in seawater and hydrogenetic, diagenetic, and hydrothermal ferromanganese deposits: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 197, no. 1-2, p. 65-81, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00462-4.","startPage":"65","endPage":"81","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207715,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00462-4"},{"id":232881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"197","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba609e4b08c986b320e46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rehkamper, M.","contributorId":21731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rehkamper","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frank, M.","contributorId":103396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Porcelli, D.","contributorId":35912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porcelli","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Halliday, A.","contributorId":30779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halliday","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ingri, J.","contributorId":15794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingri","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Liebetrau, V.","contributorId":72980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liebetrau","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70024454,"text":"70024454 - 2002 - Assessment of injury to fish and wildlife resources in the Grand Calumet River and Indiana Harbor Area of Concern, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T11:51:56","indexId":"70024454","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of injury to fish and wildlife resources in the Grand Calumet River and Indiana Harbor Area of Concern, USA","docAbstract":"This article is the second in a series of three that describes the results of a Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) conducted in the Grand Calumet River and Indiana Harbor Area of Concern (IHAOC). The assessment area is located in northwest Indiana and was divided into nine reaches to facilitate the assessment. This component of the NRDA was undertaken to determine if fish and wildlife resources have been injured due to exposure to contaminants that are associated with discharges of oil or releases of other hazardous substances. To support this assessment, information was compiled on the chemical composition of sediment and tissues; on the toxicity of whole sediments, pore water, and elutriates to fish; on the status of fish communities; and on fish health. The data on each of these indicators were compared to regionally relevant benchmarks to assess the presence and extent of injury to fish and wildlife resources. The results of this assessment indicate that injury to fish and wildlife resources has occurred throughout the assessment area, with up to five distinct lines of evidence demonstrating injury within the various reaches. Based on the frequency of exceedance of the benchmarks for assessing sediment and tissue chemistry data, total polychlorinated biphenyls is the primary bioaccumulative contaminant of concern in the assessment area. It is important to note, however, that this assessment was restricted by the availability of published bioaccumulation-based sediment quality guidelines, tissue residue guidelines, and other benchmarks of sediment quality conditions. The availability of chemistry data for tissues also restricted this assessment in certain reaches of the assessment area. Furthermore, insufficient information was located to facilitate identification of the substances that are causing or substantially contributing to effects on fish (i.e., sediment toxicity, impaired fish health, or impaired fish community structure). Therefore, substances not included on the list of COCs cannot necessarily be considered to be of low priority with respect to sediment injury (e.g., metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes, alkenes, organochlorine pesticides, phthalates, dioxins, and furans, etc.).","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-001-0053-y","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"MacDonald, D., Ingersoll, C., Smorong, D., Lindskoog, R., Sparks, D.W., Smith, J., Simon, T., and Hanacek, M., 2002, Assessment of injury to fish and wildlife resources in the Grand Calumet River and Indiana Harbor Area of Concern, USA: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 43, no. 2, p. 130-140, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-001-0053-y.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"130","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478697,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.504.6930","text":"External Repository"},{"id":231657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207066,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-001-0053-y"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-10-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee3be4b0c8380cd49c3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacDonald, D.D.","contributorId":41986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacDonald","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smorong, D.E.","contributorId":31155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smorong","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindskoog, R.A.","contributorId":91659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindskoog","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sparks, D. W.","contributorId":99926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparks","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, J.R.","contributorId":43942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Simon, T.P.","contributorId":75465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hanacek, M.A.","contributorId":12651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanacek","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70024314,"text":"70024314 - 2002 - Seismic determination of saturation in fractured reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70024314","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3325,"text":"SPE Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic determination of saturation in fractured reservoirs","docAbstract":"Detecting the saturation of a fractured reservoir using shear waves is possible when the fractures have a geometry that induces a component of movement perpendicular to the fractures. When such geometry is present, vertically traveling shear waves can be used to examine the saturation of the fractured reservoir. Tilted, corrugated, and saw-tooth fracture models are potential examples.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"SPE Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"1086055X","usgsCitation":"Brown, R., Wiggins, M., and Gupta, A., 2002, Seismic determination of saturation in fractured reservoirs: SPE Journal, v. 7, no. 3, p. 237-242.","startPage":"237","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8afce4b08c986b3174fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, R.L.","contributorId":107014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiggins, M.L.","contributorId":55999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiggins","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gupta, A.","contributorId":63992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gupta","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024821,"text":"70024821 - 2002 - Geologic cycles of gold","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70024821","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic cycles of gold","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotimes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00168556","usgsCitation":"Goldfarb, R., and Groves, D., 2002, Geologic cycles of gold: Geotimes, v. 47, no. 4, p. 32-33.","startPage":"32","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1949e4b0c8380cd5593b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Groves, D.I.","contributorId":73616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groves","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025061,"text":"70025061 - 2002 - Basalt-flow imaging using a high-resolution directional borehole radar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70025061","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Basalt-flow imaging using a high-resolution directional borehole radar","docAbstract":"A new high-resolution directional borehole radar-logging tool (DBOR tool) was used to log three wells at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). The radar system uses identical directional cavity-backed monopole transmitting and receiving antennas that can be mechanically rotated while the tool is stationary or moving slowly in a borehole. Faster reconnaissance logging with no antenna rotation was also done to find zones of interest. The microprocessor-controlled motor/encoder in the tool can rotate the antennas azimuthally, to a commanded angle, accurate to a within few degrees. The three logged wells in the unsaturated zone at the INEEL had been cored with good core recovery through most zones. After coring, PVC casing was installed in the wells. The unsaturated zone consists of layered basalt flows that are interbedded with thin layers of coarse-to-fine grained sediments. Several zones were found that show distinctive signatures consistent with fractures in the basalt. These zones may correspond to suspected preferential flow paths. The DBOR data were compared to core, and other borehole log information to help provide better understanding of hydraulic flow and transport in preferential flow paths in the unsaturated zone basalts at the INEEL.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"9th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","conferenceDate":"29 April 2002 through 2 May 2002","conferenceLocation":"Santa Barbara, CA","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.462208","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Moulton, C., Wright, D., Hutton, S., Smith, D., and Abraham, J., 2002, Basalt-flow imaging using a high-resolution directional borehole radar, in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 4758, Santa Barbara, CA, 29 April 2002 through 2 May 2002, p. 13-18, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.462208.","startPage":"13","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209567,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.462208"},{"id":236170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4758","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efc2e4b0c8380cd4a433","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moulton, C.W.","contributorId":81681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moulton","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, D.L.","contributorId":88758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutton, S.R.","contributorId":50337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutton","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, D.V.G.","contributorId":57249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.V.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Abraham, J.D.","contributorId":20686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70024385,"text":"70024385 - 2002 - Quantifying flow-dependent changes in subyearling fall chinook salmon rearing habitat using two-dimensional spatially explicit modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-26T16:24:36","indexId":"70024385","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying flow-dependent changes in subyearling fall chinook salmon rearing habitat using two-dimensional spatially explicit modeling","docAbstract":"We used an analysis based on a geographic information system (GIS) to determine the amount of rearing habitat and stranding area for subyearling fall chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River at steady-state flows ranging from 1,416 to 11,328 m3/s. High-resolution river channel bathymetry was used in conjunction with a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model to estimate water velocities, depths, and lateral slopes throughout our 33-km study area. To relate the probability of fish presence in nearshore habitats to measures of physical habitat, we developed a logistic regression model from point electrofishing data. We only considered variables that were compatible with a GIS and therefore excluded other variables known to be important to juvenile salmonids. Water velocity and lateral slope were the only two variables included in our final model. The amount of available rearing habitat generally decreased as flow increased, with the greatest decreases occurring between 1,416 and 4,814 m3/s. When river discharges were between 3,682 and 7,080 m3/s, flow fluctuations of 566 m3/s produced the smallest change in available rearing area (from -6.3% to +6.8% of the total). Stranding pool area was greatly reduced at steady-state flows exceeding 4,531 m3/s, but the highest net gain in stranding area was produced by 850 m3/s decreases in flow when river discharges were between 5,381 and 5,664 m3/s. Current measures to protect rearing fall chinook salmon include limiting flow fluctuations at Priest Rapids Dam to 850 m3/s when the dam is spilling water and when the weekly flows average less than 4,814 m3/s. We believe that limiting flow fluctuations at all discharges would further protect subyearling fall chinook salmon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0713:QFDCIS>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Tiffan, K., Garland, R., and Rondorf, D., 2002, Quantifying flow-dependent changes in subyearling fall chinook salmon rearing habitat using two-dimensional spatially explicit modeling: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 22, no. 3, p. 713-726, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0713:QFDCIS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"713","endPage":"726","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207209,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0713:QFDCIS>2.0.CO;2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.89517211914061,\n 46.66451741754235\n ],\n [\n -119.92813110351561,\n 46.64283679198892\n ],\n [\n -119.83474731445311,\n 46.60794102560568\n ],\n [\n -119.60403442382811,\n 46.63152171082673\n ],\n [\n -119.50103759765625,\n 46.6965511173143\n ],\n [\n -119.34997558593749,\n 46.53713734839792\n ],\n [\n -119.27993774414062,\n 46.40756396630067\n ],\n [\n -119.27993774414062,\n 46.26724020382508\n ],\n [\n -119.02999877929688,\n 46.13702492883557\n ],\n [\n -118.87207031250001,\n 46.20644812194458\n ],\n [\n -118.94210815429688,\n 46.27198674894286\n ],\n [\n -119.08630371093749,\n 46.234002878622526\n ],\n [\n -119.27581787109374,\n 46.557916007595786\n ],\n [\n -119.44885253906251,\n 46.7276244872016\n ],\n [\n -119.52438354492186,\n 46.73891945883612\n ],\n [\n -119.65896606445312,\n 46.68147880091785\n ],\n [\n -119.88006591796874,\n 46.66545985627255\n ],\n [\n -119.89517211914061,\n 46.66451741754235\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91cae4b0c8380cd8046e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiffan, K.F.","contributorId":19327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":401077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garland, R.D.","contributorId":60806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garland","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":401079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025121,"text":"70025121 - 2002 - Status of use of lunar irradiance for on-orbit calibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70025121","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Status of use of lunar irradiance for on-orbit calibration","docAbstract":"Routine observations of the Moon have been acquired by the Robotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) for over four years. The ROLO instruments measure lunar radiance in 23 VNIR (Moon diameter ???500 pixels) and 9 SWIR (???250 pixels) passbands every month when the Moon is at phase angle less than 90 degrees. These are converted to exoatmospheric values at standard distances using an atmospheric extinction model based on observations of standard stars and a NIST-traceable absolute calibration source. Reduction of the stellar images also provides an independent pathway for absolute calibration. Comparison of stellar-based and lamp-based absolute calibrations of the lunar images currently shows unacceptably large differences. An analytic model of lunar irradiance as a function of phase angle and viewing geometry is derived from the calibrated lunar images. Residuals from models which fit hundreds of observations at each wavelength average less than 2%. Comparison with SeaWiFS observations over three years reveals a small quasi-periodic change in SeaWiFS responsivity that correlates with distance from the Sun for the first two years, then departs from this correlation.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems VI","conferenceDate":"1 August 2001 through 3 August 2001","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.453450","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Stone, T., Kieffer, H.H., and Anderson, J., 2002, Status of use of lunar irradiance for on-orbit calibration, in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 4483, San Diego, CA, 1 August 2001 through 3 August 2001, p. 165-175, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.453450.","startPage":"165","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209402,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.453450"},{"id":235804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4483","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b980be4b08c986b31bdc7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Barnes W.L.","contributorId":128354,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Barnes W.L.","id":536548,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Stone, T.C.","contributorId":74874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kieffer, H. H.","contributorId":40725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, J.M.","contributorId":49830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023459,"text":"70023459 - 2002 - Gonadotropin-dependent oocyte maturational competence requires activation of the protein kinase A pathway and synthesis of RNA and protein in ovarian follicles of Nibe, Nibea mitsukurii (Teleostei, Sciaenidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023459","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1651,"text":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gonadotropin-dependent oocyte maturational competence requires activation of the protein kinase A pathway and synthesis of RNA and protein in ovarian follicles of Nibe, Nibea mitsukurii (Teleostei, Sciaenidae)","docAbstract":"Luteinizing hormone- (LH)-dependent ovarian follicle maturation has been recently described in two stages for teleost fishes. The oocyte's ability to respond to the steroidal maturation-inducing hormone (MIH), also known as oocyte maturational competence (OMC), is acquired during the first stage; whereas the MIH-dependent resumption of meiosis occurs during the second stage. However, studies directly addressing OMC have been performed with a limited number of species and therefore the general relevance of the two-stage model and its mechanisms remain uncertain. In this study, we examined the hormonal regulation of OMC and its basic transduction mechanisms in ovarian follicles of the sciaenid teleost, Nibe (Nibea mitsukurii). Exposure to MIH [17,20??-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one or 17,20??,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one] stimulated germinal vesicle breakdown (index of meiotic resumption) in full-grown follicles primed with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG, an LH-like gonadotropin) but not in those pre-cultured in plain incubation medium. The induction of OMC by HCG was mimicked by protein kinase A (PKA) activators (forskolin and dibutyryl cyclic AMP), and blocked by specific inhibitors of PKA (H89 and H8) as well as inhibitors of RNA (actinomycin D) and protein (cycloheximide) synthesis. Forskolin-induced OMC was also inhibited by actinomycin D and cycloheximide. A strong activator of protein kinase C, PMA, inhibited HCG-dependent OMC. In conclusion, OMC in Nibe ovarian follicles is gonadotropin-dependent and requires activation of the PKA pathway followed by gene transcription and translation events. These observations are consistent with the two-stage model of ovarian follicle maturation proposed for other teleosts, and suggest that Nibe can be used as new model species for mechanistic studies of ovarian follicle differentiation and maturation in fishes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1022209710224","issn":"09201742","usgsCitation":"Yoshizaki, G., Shusa, M., Takeuchi, T., and Patino, R., 2002, Gonadotropin-dependent oocyte maturational competence requires activation of the protein kinase A pathway and synthesis of RNA and protein in ovarian follicles of Nibe, Nibea mitsukurii (Teleostei, Sciaenidae): Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, v. 25, no. 3, p. 201-208, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022209710224.","startPage":"201","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207535,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022209710224"},{"id":232568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a29ace4b0c8380cd5ab35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yoshizaki, G.","contributorId":74488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshizaki","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shusa, M.","contributorId":72979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shusa","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takeuchi, T.","contributorId":36325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takeuchi","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patino, R.","contributorId":39915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024442,"text":"70024442 - 2002 - Persistent organochlorine pollutants in ringed seals and polar bears collected from northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024442","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistent organochlorine pollutants in ringed seals and polar bears collected from northern Alaska","docAbstract":"Blubber samples from ringed seal (Phoca hispida; n=8) and polar bear subcutaneous fat (Ursus maritimus; n=5) were collected near Barrow, Alaska in 1996 as part of the Alaska Marine Mammal Tissue Archival Project (AMMTAP) and retained in the National Biomonitoring Specimen Bank at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Maryland (USA). The samples were analyzed for a variety of persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), chlordane and metabolites, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and DDTs and metabolites. The geometric mean, on a wet mass basis, of ??PCBs (sum of 29 congeners and congener groups) were 732??282 ng/g (1 S.D.) in seals and 3395??1442 ng/g in polar bears. The geometric mean of ??DDTs, ??HCHs (??-, ??- and ??- HCH) and HCB concentrations (wet mass basis) in seals and bears were 562??261 ng/g vs. 74.8??39 ng/g, 380??213 ng/g vs. 515 ng/g, and 17.4??10.1 ng/g vs. 183??153 ng/g, respectively. The geometric mean sum of chlordane (??chlordane, sum of cis- and trans-chlordane, cis- and trans-nonachlor, oxychlordane and heptachlor epoxide) and dieldrin concentrations in ringed seals and polar bears were 753??617 ng/g vs. 720??315 ng/g and 38.6??22.8 ng/g vs. 130??65 ng/g, respectively. Apparent bioaccumulation factors (polar bear/ringed seal POP concentrations) were lower in the animals sampled near Barrow, Alaska than in those from locations in the Canadian Arctic. This suggests that polar bears are also preying on marine mammals from lower trophic levels than the ringed seals with correspondingly lower organochlorine levels, such as bowhead whale carcasses. PCB congener patterns in the samples demonstrated the metabolism of certain PCB congeners in the polar bear relative to the ringed seal in agreement with previous studies. Regional comparisons of animals collected in Alaska and Arctic Canada are presented. Copyright ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00997-4","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Kucklick, J., Struntz, W., Becker, P., York, G., O'Hara, T., and Bohonowych, J., 2002, Persistent organochlorine pollutants in ringed seals and polar bears collected from northern Alaska: Science of the Total Environment, v. 287, no. 1-2, p. 45-59, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00997-4.","startPage":"45","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207087,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00997-4"},{"id":231695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"287","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76fde4b0c8380cd783d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kucklick, J.R.","contributorId":66446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kucklick","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Struntz, W.D.J.","contributorId":11381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Struntz","given":"W.D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Becker, P.R.","contributorId":101035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"York, G.W.","contributorId":105474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"York","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O'Hara, T. M.","contributorId":64610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Hara","given":"T. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bohonowych, J.E.","contributorId":65250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohonowych","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70024213,"text":"70024213 - 2002 - Predation on exotic zebra mussels by native fishes: Effects on predator and prey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70024213","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predation on exotic zebra mussels by native fishes: Effects on predator and prey","docAbstract":"1. Exotic zebra mussels, Dreissena polymorpha, occur in southern U.S. waterways in high densities, but little is known about the interaction between native fish predators and zebra mussels. Previous studies have suggested that exotic zebra mussels are low profitability prey items and native vertebrate predators are unlikely to reduce zebra mussel densities. We tested these hypotheses by observing prey use of fishes, determining energy content of primary prey species of fishes, and conducting predator exclusion experiments in Lake Dardanelle, Arkansas. 2. Zebra mussels were the primary prey eaten by 52.9% of blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus; 48.2% of freshwater drum, Aplodinotus grunniens; and 100% of adult redear sunfish, Lepomis microlophus. Blue catfish showed distinct seasonal prey shifts, feeding on zebra mussels in summer and shad, Dorosoma spp., during winter. Energy content (joules g-1) of blue catfish prey (threadfin shad, Dorosoma petenense; gizzard shad, D. cepedianum; zebra mussels; and asiatic clams, Corbicula fluminea) showed a significant species by season interaction, but shad were always significantly greater in energy content than bivalves examined as either ash-free dry mass or whole organism dry mass. Fish predators significantly reduced densities of large zebra mussels (>5 mm length) colonising clay tiles in the summers of 1997 and 1998, but predation effects on small zebra mussels (???5 mm length) were less clear. 3. Freshwater drum and redear sunfish process bivalve prey by crushing shells and obtain low amounts of higher-energy food (only the flesh), whereas blue catfish lack a shell-crushing apparatus and ingest large amounts of low-energy food per unit time (bivalves with their shells). Blue catfish appeared to select the abundant zebra mussel over the more energetically rich shad during summer, then shifted to shad during winter when shad experienced temperature-dependent stress and mortality. Native fish predators can suppress adult zebra mussel colonisation, but are ultimately unlikely to limit population density because of zebra mussel reproductive potential.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00940.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Magoulick, D., and Lewis, L., 2002, Predation on exotic zebra mussels by native fishes: Effects on predator and prey: Freshwater Biology, v. 47, no. 10, p. 1908-1918, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00940.x.","startPage":"1908","endPage":"1918","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207171,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00940.x"},{"id":231878,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a815ee4b0c8380cd7b4c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Magoulick, D.D.","contributorId":80862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoulick","given":"D.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, L.C.","contributorId":48731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024757,"text":"70024757 - 2002 - Historical and projected carbon balance of mature black spruce ecosystems across north america: The role of carbon-nitrogen interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024757","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Historical and projected carbon balance of mature black spruce ecosystems across north america: The role of carbon-nitrogen interactions","docAbstract":"The role of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) interactions on sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in black spruce ecosystems across North America was evaluated with the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) by applying parameterizations of the model in which C-N dynamics were either coupled or uncoupled. First, the performance of the parameterizations, which were developed for the dynamics of black spruce ecosystems at the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research site in Alaska, were evaluated by simulating C dynamics at eddy correlation tower sites in the Boreal Ecosystem Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) for black spruce ecosystems in the northern study area (northern site) and the southern study area (southern site) with local climate data. We compared simulated monthly growing season (May to September) estimates of gross primary production (GPP), total ecosystem respiration (RESP), and net ecosystem production (NEP) from 1994 to 1997 to available field-based estimates at both sites. At the northern site, monthly growing season estimates of GPP and RESP for the coupled and uncoupled simulations were highly correlated with the field-based estimates (coupled: R2= 0.77, 0.88 for GPP and RESP; uncoupled: R2 = 0.67, 0.92 for GPP and RESP). Although the simulated seasonal pattern of NEP generally matched the field-based data, the correlations between field-based and simulated monthly growing season NEP were lower (R2 = 0.40, 0.00 for coupled and uncoupled simulations, respectively) in comparison to the correlations between field-based and simulated GPP and RESP. The annual NEP simulated by the coupled parameterization fell within the uncertainty of field-based estimates in two of three years. On the other hand, annual NEP simulated by the uncoupled parameterization only fell within the field-based uncertainty in one of three years. At the southern site, simulated NEP generally matched field-based NEP estimates, and the correlation between monthly growing season field-based and simulated NEP (R2 = 0.36, 0.20 for coupled and uncoupled simulations, respectively) was similar to the correlations at the northern site. To evaluate the role of N dynamics in C balance of black spruce ecosystems across North America, we simulated historical and projected C dynamics from 1900 to 2100 with a global-based climatology at 0.5?? resolution (latitude ?? longitude) with both the coupled and uncoupled parameterizations of TEM. From analyses at the northern site, several consistent patterns emerge. There was greater inter-annual variability in net primary production (NPP) simulated by the uncoupled parameterization as compared to the coupled parameterization, which led to substantial differences in inter-annual variability in NEP between the parameterizations. The divergence between NPP and heterotrophic respiration was greater in the uncoupled simulation, resulting in more C sequestration during the projected period. These responses were the result of fundamentally different responses of the coupled and uncoupled parameterizations to changes in CO2 and climate. Across North American black spruce ecosystems, the range of simulated decadal changes in C storage was substantially greater for the uncoupled parameterization than for the coupled parameterization. Analysis of the spatial variability in decadal responses of C dynamics revealed that C fluxes simulated by the coupled and uncoupled parameterizations have different sensitivities to climate and that the climate sensitivities of the fluxes change over the temporal scope of the simulations. The results of this study suggest that uncertainties can be reduced through (1) factorial studies focused on elucidating the role of C and N interactions in the response of mature black spruce ecosystems to manipulations of atmospheric CO2 and climate, (2) establishment of a network of continuous, long-term measurements of C dynamics across the range of mature black spruce ecosystems in North America, and (3) ancillary measureme","largerWorkTitle":"Plant and Soil","language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1019673420225","issn":"0032079X","usgsCitation":"Clein, J.S., McGuire, A., Zhang, X., Kicklighter, D., Melillo, J.M., Wofsy, S., Jarvis, P., and Massheder, J., 2002, Historical and projected carbon balance of mature black spruce ecosystems across north america: The role of carbon-nitrogen interactions, in Plant and Soil, v. 242, no. 1, p. 15-32, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019673420225.","startPage":"15","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207933,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019673420225"},{"id":233244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"242","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a317de4b0c8380cd5df88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clein, Joy S.","contributorId":83697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clein","given":"Joy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, X.","contributorId":30193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kicklighter, D. W.","contributorId":31537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kicklighter","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[{"id":13627,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":402520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Melillo, J. M.","contributorId":73139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melillo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wofsy, S.C.","contributorId":44699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wofsy","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jarvis, P.G.","contributorId":41189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvis","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Massheder, J.M.","contributorId":18545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massheder","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70024342,"text":"70024342 - 2002 - Sequence stratigraphic and sedimentologic significance of biogenic structures from a late Paleozoic marginal- to open-marine reservoir, Morrow Sandstone, subsurface of southwest Kansas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:17","indexId":"70024342","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sequence stratigraphic and sedimentologic significance of biogenic structures from a late Paleozoic marginal- to open-marine reservoir, Morrow Sandstone, subsurface of southwest Kansas, USA","docAbstract":"Integrated ichnologic, sedimentologic, and stratigraphic studies of cores and well logs from Lower Pennsylvanian oil and gas reservoirs (lower Morrow Sandstone, southwest Kansas) allow distinction between fluvio-estuarine and open marine deposits in the Gentzler and Arroyo fields. The fluvio-estuarine facies assemblage is composed of both interfluve and valley-fill deposits, encompassing a variety of depositional environments such as fluvial channel, interfluve paleosol, bay head delta, estuary bay, restricted tidal flat, intertidal channel, and estuary mouth. Deposition in a brackish-water estuarine valley is supported by the presence of a low diversity, opportunistic, impoverished marine ichnofaunal assemblage dominated by infaunal structures, representing an example of a mixed, depauperate Cruziana and Skolithos ichnofacies. Overall distribution of ichnofossils along the estuarine valley was mainly controlled by the salinity gradient, with other parameters, such as oxygenation, substrate and energy, acting at a more local scale. The lower Morrow estuarine system displays the classical tripartite division of wave-dominated estuaries (i.e. seaward-marine sand plug, fine-grained central bay, and sandy landward zone), but tidal action is also recorded. The estuarine valley displays a northwest-southeast trend, draining to the open sea in the southeast. Recognition of valley-fill sandstones in the lower Morrow has implications for reservoir characterization. While the open marine model predicts a \"layer-cake\" style of facies distribution as a consequence of strandline shoreline progradation, identification of valley-fill sequences points to more compartmentalized reservoirs, due to the heterogeneity created by valley incision and subsequent infill. The open-marine facies assemblage comprises upper, middle, and lower shoreface; offshore transition; offshore; and shelf deposits. In contrast to the estuarine assemblage, open marine ichnofaunas are characterized by a high diversity of biogenic structures representing the activity of a benthic fauna developed under normal salinity conditions. Trace fossil and facies analyses allow environmental subdivision of the shoreface-offshore successions and suggest deposition in a weakly storm-affected nearshore area. An onshore-offshore replacement of the Skolithos ichnofacies by the Cruziana ichnofacies is clearly displayed. The lower Morrow fluvio-estuarine valley was incised during a drop of sea level coincident with the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian transition, but was mostly filled during a subsequent transgression. The transgressive nature of the estuarine infill is further indicated by the upward replacement of depauperate brackish-water trace fossil assemblages by the open-marine Cruziana ichnofacies. Additional stratal surfaces of allostratigraphic significance identified within the estuary include the bayline surface, the tidal ravinement surface, the wave ravinement surface, and a basinwide flooding surface recording inundation of the valley interfluves. A younger sequence boundary within the lower Morrow is also recorded in the Gentzler field at the base of a forced regression shoreface, demarcated by the firmground Glossifungites ichnofacies, indicating a rapid basinward facies migration during a sea-level drop. Trace fossil models derived from the analysis of Mesozoic and Cenozoic reservoirs are generally applicable to the study of these late Paleozoic reservoirs. Pennsylvanian brackish-water facies differ ichnologically from their post-Paleozoic counterparts, however, in that they have: (1) lower trace fossil diversity, (2) lower degree of bioturbation, (3) scarcity of crustacean burrows, (4) absence of firmground suites, and (5) absence of ichnotaxa displaying specific architectures designed to protect the tracemaker from salinity fluctuations. Morrow open-marine ichnofaunas closely resemble their post-Paleozoic equivalents. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00287-1","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Buatois, L., Mangano, M., Alissa, A., and Carr, T., 2002, Sequence stratigraphic and sedimentologic significance of biogenic structures from a late Paleozoic marginal- to open-marine reservoir, Morrow Sandstone, subsurface of southwest Kansas, USA: Sedimentary Geology, v. 152, no. 1-2, p. 99-132, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00287-1.","startPage":"99","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207010,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00287-1"},{"id":231541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"152","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d4ae4b08c986b318321","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buatois, L.A.","contributorId":40740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buatois","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mangano, M.G.","contributorId":7432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangano","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alissa, A.","contributorId":39546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alissa","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carr, T.R.","contributorId":37094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024794,"text":"70024794 - 2002 - Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus, and shortnose sturgeon, A. brevirostrum, with notes on social behavior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024794","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus, and shortnose sturgeon, A. brevirostrum, with notes on social behavior","docAbstract":"Ontogenetic behavior of Hudson River Atlantic sturgeon and Connecticut River shortnose sturgeon early life intervals were similar during laboratory observations. After hatching, free embryos were photonegative and sought cover. When embryos developed into larvae, fish left cover, were photopositive, and initiated downstream migration. Free embryos may remain at the spawning site instead of migrating downstream because the risk of predation at spawning sites is low. The two species are sympatric, but not closely related, so the similarities in innate behaviors suggest common adaptations, not phylogenetlc relationship. Atlantic sturgeon migrated downstream for 12 days (peak, first 6 days), shortnose sturgeon migrated for 3 days, and year-0 juveniles of both species did not resume downstream migration. Short or long migrations of larvae may reflect different styles related to the total migratory distance from spawning sites to juvenile rearing areas. Atlantic sturgeon need to move a short distance to reach rearing areas and they had a long 1-step migration of 6-12 days. In contrast, shortnose sturgeon need to move a long distance to reach all rearing areas. This may be accomplished by a 2-step migration, of which the brief migration of larvae is only the first step. Early migrant Atlantic sturgeon were nocturnal, while late migrants were diurnal, and shortnose sturgeon were diurnal. These diel differences may also be adaptations for long (Atlantic sturgeon) or short (shortnose sturgeon) migrations. Cultured shortnose sturgeon, and possibly Atlantic sturgeon, have a dominance hierarchy with large fish dominant when competing for limited foraging space. Social behavior may be more important in the life history of wild sturgeons than is generally recognized.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1014270129729","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Kynard, B., and Horgan, M., 2002, Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus, and shortnose sturgeon, A. brevirostrum, with notes on social behavior: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 63, no. 2, p. 137-150, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014270129729.","startPage":"137","endPage":"150","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207915,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1014270129729"},{"id":233209,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e4ee4b0c8380cd755a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kynard, B.","contributorId":51232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kynard","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horgan, Martin","contributorId":23492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horgan","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024847,"text":"70024847 - 2002 - Evapotranspiration and canopy resistance at an undeveloped prairie in a humid subtropical climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-03T16:44:18.057306","indexId":"70024847","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evapotranspiration and canopy resistance at an undeveloped prairie in a humid subtropical climate","docAbstract":"Reliable estimates of evapotranspiration from areas of wildland vegetation are needed for many types of water-resource investigations. However, little is known about surface fluxes from many areally important vegetation types, and relatively few comparisons have been made to examine how well evapotranspiration models can predict evapotranspiration for soil-, climate-, or vegetation-types that differ from those under which the models have been calibrated. In this investigation at a prairie site in west-central Florida, latent heat flux (λE) computed from the energy balance and alternatively by eddy covariance during a 15-month period differed by 4 percent and 7 percent on hourly and daily time scales, respectively. Annual evapotranspiration computed from the energy balance and by eddy covariance were 978 and 944 mm, respectively. An hourly Penman-Monteith (PM) evapotranspiration model with stomatal control predicated on water-vapor-pressure deficit at canopy level, incoming solar radiation intensity, and soil water deficit was developed and calibrated using surface fluxes from eddy covariance. Model-predicted λE agreed closely with λE computed from the energy balance except when moisture from dew or precipitation covered vegetation surfaces. Finally, an hourly PM model developed for an Amazonian pasture predicted λE for the Florida prairie with unexpected reliability. Additional comparisons of PM-type models that have been developed for differing types of short vegetation could aid in assessing interchangeability of such models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb01546.x","usgsCitation":"Bidlake, W.R., 2002, Evapotranspiration and canopy resistance at an undeveloped prairie in a humid subtropical climate: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 38, no. 1, p. 197-211, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb01546.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"211","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.31781005859374,\n 27.1923499094294\n ],\n [\n -82.17361450195312,\n 27.1923499094294\n ],\n [\n -82.17361450195312,\n 27.28880751983314\n ],\n [\n -82.31781005859374,\n 27.28880751983314\n ],\n [\n -82.31781005859374,\n 27.1923499094294\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d17e4b0c8380cd52e00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bidlake, William R. wbidlake@usgs.gov","contributorId":1712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bidlake","given":"William","email":"wbidlake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":402831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70024858,"text":"70024858 - 2002 - Space use, migratory connectivity, and population segregation among Willets breeding in the western Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-22T16:56:14.513477","indexId":"70024858","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Space use, migratory connectivity, and population segregation among Willets breeding in the western Great Basin","docAbstract":"Western Willets (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus) were banded (n = 146 breeding adults and chicks) and radio-marked (n = 68 adults) at three western Great Basin wetland complexes to determine inter- and intraseasonal space use and movement patterns (primarily in 1998 and 1999). Birds were then tracked to overwintering sites where migratory connectivity and local movements were documented. Willets arrived synchronously at breeding sites during mid-April and spent less than 12 weeks in the Great Basin. There were no movements to other sites in the Great Basin during the breeding or postbreeding season. However, most breeding birds moved locally on a daily basis from upland nest sites to wetland foraging sites. The mean distance breeding birds were detected from nests did not differ between sexes or between members of a pair, although these distances were greater among postbreeding than breeding birds. Home-range estimates did not differ significantly between paired males and females during breeding or postbreeding. However, female home ranges were larger following breeding than during breeding. Shortly after chicks fledged, adult Willets left the Great Basin for locations primarily at coastal and estuarine sites in the San Francisco Bay area. Limited data revealed little among-site movements once Willets arrived at the coast, and birds appeared to be site faithful in subsequent winters. Winter sites of western Great Basin Willets differed from those used by birds from other areas in the subspecies' range, suggesting another subspecies or distinct population segment may exist. This study illustrates the importance of understanding movements and space use throughout the annual cycle in conservation planning.
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