Shortjaw cisco (Coregonus zenithicus) exhibit morphological variability across their geographic range in North America and could comprise more than one distinct morph or taxon. To investigate this, principal components analysis was applied to a data set that consisted of four variables from nine localities. All data were obtained from digital images of the specimens and the excised first gill arch. Confidence ellipses (95%) about the means of bivariate distributions of the principal components revealed that some populations were distinct from the others, but a continuity of overlap clouded understanding of pattern among the variation. Most populations had more and longer gillrakers than shortjaw cisco from George Lake (Manitoba) and Basswood Lake (Ontario) that had fewer and shorter gillrakers. This analysis supports the existence of a short- and few-rakered morph and a long- and many-rakered morph. However, most populations of shortjaw cisco from the Great Lakes across Canada to the Arctic share a similar morphology and likely represent a single, widespread species.
","language":"English","issn":"00711128","usgsCitation":"Todd, T.N., and Steinhilber, M., 2002, Diversity in shortjaw cisco (Coregonus zenithicus) in North America: Advances in Limnology, v. 57, p. 517-525.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"517","endPage":"525","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0351e4b0c8380cd50419","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todd, T. N.","contributorId":13931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":400114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steinhilber, M.","contributorId":48036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinhilber","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024627,"text":"70024627 - 2002 - Geology and geochemistry of Carlin-type gold deposits in China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70024627","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and geochemistry of Carlin-type gold deposits in China","docAbstract":"The Carlin-type gold deposits in China lie mostly near the margins of the Proterozoic Yangtze and Aba cratons. Submicron-sized gold in micron-sized arsenian pyrite is disseminated in fractured Cambrian through Triassic carbonaceous shale and carbonate rocks, and is associated with anomalous Hg, Sb, As, U, and Tl. Alteration typically includes silicification, argilization, and sulfidation. Aqueous fluid inclusions contain CO2, have relatively low temperatures of homogenization (250-150 ??C), and salinities (8-2 wt% equiv. NaCl) that typically decrease from early to later stages. The indicated pressures of 105-330x105 Pa correspond to depths in excess of 1.0 to 3.0 km, assuming hydrostatic conditions. The ??D values of fluid inclusions (-87 to -47%) and the calculated ??18 values for water in ore fluids (-2.1 to 16.2%) reflect interactions between meteoric water and sedimentary rocks. The ??13C values of calcite (-9 to 2%) and ??34S values of sulfides (-24 to 17%) suggest that C and S were derived from marine carbonate (and organic carbon) and diagenetic sulfides (and organic sulfur) in the vicinity of the deposits. Geologic relationships and geochronologic evidence indicate the deposits formed during a late phase of the Yanshanian orogeny (140-75 Ma). These gold deposits share much in common with the Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada, USA. Both occur in carbonaceous, pyritic, sedimentary rocks deposited on extended margins of Precambrian cratons. The smaller Chinese deposits are generally in more siliceous rocks and the larger Nevada deposits in more calcareous rocks. In both countries, the host rocks prior to mineralization were affected by contractional deformation that produced many of the ore-controlling structures and the deposits do not show consistent spatial or genetic relationships with epizonal plutons. However, the Nevada deposits show broad spatial and temporal relationships with shifting patterns of calc-alkaline magmatism. The ore and alteration mineral assemblages, residence of gold, geochemical signatures, paragenetic sequence, and fluid inclusions are remarkably similar, which indicates that the deposits formed from low salinity, moderately acidic, CO2 and H2S-rich in the crust similar processes at relatively shallow levels in the crust (<5 km). However, the deposits in China are associated with large Hg, Sb, As, U, and Tl deposits, which may reflect higher background abundances of these elements. Stable isotopic data suggest meteoric water evolved to become ore fluids through interactions with sedimentary rocks, although contributions of volatiles or metals from deeper levels are present in some deposits in Nevada. In both countries, the deposits appear to have formed in an area of high paleothermal gradients after a change in stress regime during the later phases of orogenic activity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralium Deposita","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00126-001-0242-7","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Rui-Zhong, H., Wen-Chao, S., Xian-Wu, B., Guang-Zhi, T., and Hofstra, A., 2002, Geology and geochemistry of Carlin-type gold deposits in China: Mineralium Deposita, v. 37, no. 3-4, p. 378-392, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-001-0242-7.","startPage":"378","endPage":"392","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207737,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-001-0242-7"},{"id":232917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a22d7e4b0c8380cd573a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rui-Zhong, H.","contributorId":20512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rui-Zhong","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wen-Chao, S.","contributorId":96050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wen-Chao","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xian-Wu, B.","contributorId":11800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian-Wu","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guang-Zhi, T.","contributorId":86936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guang-Zhi","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hofstra, A. H. 0000-0002-2450-1593","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":41426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70024140,"text":"70024140 - 2002 - Groundwater vulnerability: Interactions of chemical and site properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T08:57:07","indexId":"70024140","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater vulnerability: Interactions of chemical and site properties","docAbstract":"This study brings together extensive, multi-annual groundwater monitoring datasets from the UK and Midwestern US to test the relative importance of site (e.g. land use, soil and aquifer type) and chemical factors (e.g. solubility in water) and between and within year variations in controlling groundwater contamination by pesticides. ANOVA (general linear modelling) was used to test the significance and proportion of variation explained by each factor and their interactions. Results from both the UK and US datasets show that: (i) Chemical and site factors both have a statistically significant influence on groundwater pollution; (ii) Site factors on their own explain a greater proportion of data variance than chemical factors on their own; (iii) Interaction between site and chemical factors represents the most important control on the occurrence of pesticides in groundwater; (iv) Variation within the year was slight but still significant while there was no significant difference between data from consecutive years. The combination of factors analysed in this study were sufficient to explain the majority of the variation in the data save for that ascribable to the analytical detection limit. The results provide statistical evidence that it is viable to develop both molecular methods and groundwater vulnerability as tools to understanding pollution, but that a greater emphasis should be placed on their interaction to fully understand pesticide contamination.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00270-X","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Worrall, F., Besien, T., and Kolpin, D., 2002, Groundwater vulnerability: Interactions of chemical and site properties: Science of the Total Environment, v. 299, no. 1-3, p. 131-143, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00270-X.","productDescription":"13p. 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\"}}]}","volume":"299","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dc3e4b0c8380cd5c000","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Worrall, F.","contributorId":34687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worrall","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Besien, T.","contributorId":106285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Besien","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024184,"text":"70024184 - 2002 - Distribution and significance of small, artificial water bodies across the United States landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70024184","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and significance of small, artificial water bodies across the United States landscape","docAbstract":"At least 2.6 million small, artificial water bodies dot the landscape of the conterminous United States; most are in the eastern half of the country. These features account for approximately 20% of the standing water area across the United States, and their impact on hydrology, sedimentology, geochemistry, and ecology is apparently large in proportion to their area. These features locally elevate evaporation, divert and delay downstream water flow, and modify groundwater interactions. They apparently intercept about as much eroded soil as larger, better-documented reservoirs. Estimated vertical accretion rates are much higher, hence, inferred sedimentary chemical reactions must be different in the small features than in larger ones. Finally, these features substantially alter the characteristics of aquatic habitats across the landscape. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00222-X","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Smith, S.V., Renwick, W.H., Bartley, J., and Buddemeier, R., 2002, Distribution and significance of small, artificial water bodies across the United States landscape: Science of the Total Environment, v. 299, no. 1-3, p. 21-36, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00222-X.","startPage":"21","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207241,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00222-X"},{"id":232030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"299","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02a1e4b0c8380cd50132","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, S. V.","contributorId":89284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Renwick, W. H.","contributorId":64794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renwick","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartley, J.D.","contributorId":88533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartley","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buddemeier, R. W.","contributorId":86492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buddemeier","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97015,"text":"97015 - 2002 - Distribution, abundance, and breeding activities of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California. 2001 Annual Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:51","indexId":"97015","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Distribution, abundance, and breeding activities of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California. 2001 Annual Report","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kus, B., and Ferree, K., 2002, Distribution, abundance, and breeding activities of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California. 2001 Annual Report.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63da06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kus, B.E.","contributorId":99492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kus","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferree, K.","contributorId":54529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferree","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024331,"text":"70024331 - 2002 - Holocene multidecadal and multicentennial droughts affecting Northern California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T10:31:15","indexId":"70024331","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene multidecadal and multicentennial droughts affecting Northern California and Nevada","docAbstract":"
Continuous, high-resolution δ18O records from cored sediments of Pyramid Lake, Nevada, indicate that oscillations in the hydrologic balance occurred, on average, about every 150 years (yr) during the past 7630 calendar years (cal yr). The records are not stationary; during the past 2740 yr, drought durations ranged from 20 to 100 yr and intervals between droughts ranged from 80 to 230 yr. Comparison of tree-ring-based reconstructions of climate change for the past 1200 yr from the Sierra Nevada and the El Malpais region of northwest New Mexico indicates that severe droughts associated with Anasazi withdrawal from Chaco Canyon at 820 cal yr BP (calendar years before present) and final abandonment of Chaco Canyon, Mesa Verde, and the Kayenta area at 650 cal yr BP may have impacted much of the western United States.During the middle Holocene (informally defined in this paper as extending from 8000 to 3000 cal yr BP), magnetic susceptibility values of sediments deposited in Pyramid Lake's deep basin were much larger than late–Holocene (3000–0 cal yr BP) values, indicating the presence of a shallow lake. In addition, the mean δ18O value of CaCO3 precipitated between 6500 and 3430 cal yr BP was 1.6‰ less than the mean value of CaCO3 precipitated after 2740 cal yr BP. Numerical calculations indicate that the shift in the δ18O baseline probably resulted from a transition to a wetter (>30%) and cooler (3–5°C) climate. The existence of a relatively dry and warm middle-Holocene climate in the Truckee River–Pyramid Lake system is generally consistent with archeological, sedimentological, chemical, physical, and biological records from various sites within the Great Basin of the western United States. Two high-resolution Holocene-climate records are now available from the Pyramid and Owens lake basins which suggest that the Holocene was characterized by five climatic intervals. TIC and δ18O records from Owens Lake indicate that the first interval in the early Holocene (11,600–10,000 cal yr BP) was characterized by a drying trend that was interrupted by a brief (200 yr) wet oscillation centered at 10,300 cal yr BP. This was followed by a second early-Holocene interval (10,000–8000 cal yr BP) during which relatively wet conditions prevailed. During the early part of the middle Holocene (8000–6500 cal yr BP), high-amplitude oscillations in TIC in Owens Lake and δ18O in Pyramid Lake indicate the presence of shallow lakes in both basins. During the latter part of the middle Holocene (6500–3800 cal yr BP), drought conditions dominated, Owens Lake desiccated, and Lake Tahoe ceased spilling to the Truckee River, causing Pyramid Lake to decline. At the beginning of the late Holocene (∼3000 cal yr BP), Lake Tahoe rose to its sill level and Pyramid Lake increased in volume.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00048-8","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Benson, L., Kashgarian, M., Rye, R., Lund, S., Paillet, F., Smoot, J., Kester, C., Mensing, S., Meko, D., and Lindstrom, S., 2002, Holocene multidecadal and multicentennial droughts affecting Northern California and Nevada: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 21, no. 4-6, p. 659-682, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00048-8.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"659","endPage":"682","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207191,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00048-8"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31ece4b0c8380cd5e359","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, L.","contributorId":56793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kashgarian, Michaele","contributorId":68473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kashgarian","given":"Michaele","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rye, R.","contributorId":19912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lund, S.","contributorId":84933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paillet, F.","contributorId":73372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smoot, J.","contributorId":21726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kester, C.","contributorId":95427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kester","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mensing, S.","contributorId":90488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mensing","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Meko, D.","contributorId":99667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meko","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lindstrom, S.","contributorId":26851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindstrom","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70024333,"text":"70024333 - 2002 - U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Paleoproterozoic Tagragra de Tata inlier and its Neoproterozoic cover, western Anti-Atlas, Morocco","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:59","indexId":"70024333","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Paleoproterozoic Tagragra de Tata inlier and its Neoproterozoic cover, western Anti-Atlas, Morocco","docAbstract":"New U-Pb zircon data obtained by sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) from the Tagragra de Tata inlier in the western Anti-Atlas, Morocco establish Paleoproterozoic ages for the basement schists, granites, and metadolerites, and a Neoproterozoic age for an ignimbrite of the Ouarzazate Series in the cover sequence. The age of interbedded felsic metatuff in the metasedimentary and metavolcanic sequence of the basement schists is 2072 ?? 8 Ma. This date represents: (1) the first reliable age from the metasedimentary and metavolcanic sequence; (2) the oldest reliable age for the basement of the Anti-Atlas; (3) the first date on the timing of deposition of the sediments on the northern edge of the Paleoproterozoic West African craton; (4) a lower age limit on deformation during the Eburnean orogeny; and (5) the first date obtained from the non-granitic Paleoproterozoic basement of Morocco. Ages of 2046 ?? 7 Ma (Targant granite) and 2041 ?? 6 Ma (Oudad granite) support earlier interpretations of a Paleoproterozoic Eburnean igneous event in the Anti-Atlas. The granites post-date the Eburnean D1 deformation event in the Paleoproterozoic schist sequence, and place a ???2046 Ma limit on short-lived Eburnean deformation in the area. Cross-cutting metadolerite is 2040 ?? 6 Ma; this is the first date from a metadolerite in the western Anti-Atlas. All of the dolerites in the area post-date emplacement of the two granites and the new age constrains the onset of late- or post-Eburnean extension. Ignimbrite of the Ouarzazate Series, immediately above the Paleoproterozoic basement is 565 ?? 7 Ma. This Neoproterozoic age agrees with ages of similar volcanic rocks elsewhere from the Ouarzazate Series. The date also agrees with the ages of associated hypabyssal intrusions, and marks the second and final stage of Pan-African orogenic activity in the western Anti-Atlas. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Precambrian Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0301-9268(02)00044-X","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Walsh, G., Aleinikoff, J.N., Benziane, F., Yazidi, A., and Armstrong, T.R., 2002, U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Paleoproterozoic Tagragra de Tata inlier and its Neoproterozoic cover, western Anti-Atlas, Morocco: Precambrian Research, v. 117, no. 1-2, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(02)00044-X.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207208,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(02)00044-X"},{"id":231961,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9d7e4b08c986b327e4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, G. J. 0000-0003-4264-8836","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":47409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"G. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, J. N. 0000-0003-3494-6841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":75132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benziane, F.","contributorId":48732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benziane","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yazidi, A.","contributorId":51498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yazidi","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Armstrong, T. R.","contributorId":91528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70024330,"text":"70024330 - 2002 - Seismic-reflection profiles of the central part of the Clarendon-Linden fault system of western New York in relation to regional seismicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:59","indexId":"70024330","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic-reflection profiles of the central part of the Clarendon-Linden fault system of western New York in relation to regional seismicity","docAbstract":"Geological and geophysical research in upstate New York, with few exceptions, has not definitively associated seismicity with specific Proterozoic basement or Paleozoic bedrock structures. The central part of the Clarendon-Linden fault system (CLFS) between Batavia and Dale, NY is one of those exceptions where seismicity has been studied and has been spatially associated with structure. The CLFS is either a complex system of long faults with associated shorter branches and parallel segments, or a region of many short faults aligned north-south from the Lake Ontario shore southward to Allegany County, NY. Interpretation of 38 km of Vibroseis and approximately 56 km of conventional seismic-reflection data along 13 lines suggests that the CLFS is a broad zone of small faults with small displacements in the lower Paleozoic bedrock section that is at least 77 km long and 7-17 km wide and spatially coincident with a northtrending geophysical (combined aeromagnetic and gravity) lineament within the basement. The relative offset across the faults of the system is more than 91 m near Attica, NY. The CLFS is the expression of tectonic crustal adjustments within the Paleozoic rock above the boundary of two basement megablocks of differing petrologic provinces and differing earthquake characteristics that forms the eastern side of the Elzevir-Frontenac boundary zone. Deep seismic-reflection profiles display concave-eastward listric faults that probably merge at depth near the mid-crustal boundary layer. An interpretive vertical section provides the setting for refined definitions of the CLFS, its extensions at depth and its relation to seismicity. Most modern seismicity in western New York and the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario occurs in apparent patterns of randomly dispersed activity. The sole exception is a line of seven epicenters of small earthquakes that trend east from Attica, NY into the Rochester basement megablock. Earthquakes may be triggered at the intersections of north- and east-trending brittle faults within the Niagara basement megablock. Current interpretations of the mechanisms for earthquake generation in western New York and the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario require conservative estimates of seismic hazards that assume that an earthquake the size of the 1929 Attica, NY, event (Mb = 5.2) or larger could occur anywhere in the Eastern Great Lakes Basin (EGLB). The broad zone of small-displacement faults that marks the CLFS in the lower Paleozoic sedimentary section and the uppermost basement may not provide the structural environment for generation of earthquakes in western New York. If this interpretation is correct, most seismicity is generated within the Niagara basement megablock beneath or west of the CLFS. Consequently, we may have to look to the deeper tectonic regime of basement megablocks to understand the distribution of modern seismicity in the EGLB. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00282-2","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Fakundiny, R., and Pomeroy, P., 2002, Seismic-reflection profiles of the central part of the Clarendon-Linden fault system of western New York in relation to regional seismicity: Tectonophysics, v. 353, no. 1-4, p. 173-213, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00282-2.","startPage":"173","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207175,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00282-2"},{"id":231885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"353","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b82e4b08c986b3178ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fakundiny, R.H.","contributorId":82493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fakundiny","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pomeroy, P.W.","contributorId":82887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pomeroy","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025003,"text":"70025003 - 2002 - Swift fox survival and production in southeastern Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-20T13:08:19","indexId":"70025003","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Swift fox survival and production in southeastern Wyoming","docAbstract":"We estimated annual survival rates of swift foxes (Vulpes velox) and documented number of young per pair in a transition zone between shortgrass prairie and sagebrush steppe plant communities in southeastern Wyoming during 1996-2000. Annual adult survival ranged from 40% to 69%, with predation by coyotes (Canis latrans) the primary cause of deaths. Two foxes died of canine distemper virus. Annual survival rates did not differ among years (P>0.12). Nineteen of 24 (79%) swift fox pairs were observed with young over 3 years. Mean minimum litter size was 4.6 based on these 19 litters and 6 others not associated with our radiocollared foxes. Adult survival was similar and litter size slightly larger than observed elsewhere in the species range, suggesting that viable swift fox populations can be supported by sagebrush steppe and shortgrass prairie transition habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0199:SFSAPI>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Olson, T.L., and Lindzey, F.G., 2002, Swift fox survival and production in southeastern Wyoming: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 83, no. 1, p. 199-206, https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0199:SFSAPI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"206","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478777,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0199:sfsapi>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","volume":"83","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba32fe4b08c986b31fbe2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Travis L.","contributorId":189439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olson","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindzey, Frederick G.","contributorId":189182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindzey","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024984,"text":"70024984 - 2002 - Increasing risk of great floods in a changing climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70024984","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increasing risk of great floods in a changing climate","docAbstract":"Radiative effects of anthropogenic changes in atmospheric composition are expected to cause climate changes, in particular an intensification of the global water cycle with a consequent increase in flood risk. But the detection of anthropogenically forced changes in flooding is difficult because of the substantial natural variability; the dependence of streamflow trends on flow regime further complicates the issue. Here we investigate the changes in risk of great floods - that is, floods with discharges exceeding 100-year levels from basins larger than 200,000 km2 - using both streamflow measurements and numerical simulations of the anthropogenic climate change associated with greenhouse gases and direct radiative effects of sulphate aerosols. We find that the frequency of great floods increased substantially during the twentieth century. The recent emergence of a statistically significant positive trend in risk of great floods is consistent with results from the climate model, and the model suggests that the trend will continue.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/415514a","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Milly, P., Wetherald, R., Dunne, K., and Delworth, T., 2002, Increasing risk of great floods in a changing climate: Nature, v. 415, no. 6871, p. 514-517, https://doi.org/10.1038/415514a.","startPage":"514","endPage":"517","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207993,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/415514a"},{"id":233331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"415","issue":"6871","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3a05e4b0c8380cd61b0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milly, P. C. D.","contributorId":100489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"P. C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wetherald, R.T.","contributorId":46717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetherald","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunne, K.A.","contributorId":18920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Delworth, T.L.","contributorId":56421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delworth","given":"T.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025007,"text":"70025007 - 2002 - Paleoecology of a Northern Michigan Lake and the relationship among climate, vegetation, and Great Lakes water levels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T09:28:33","indexId":"70025007","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoecology of a Northern Michigan Lake and the relationship among climate, vegetation, and Great Lakes water levels","docAbstract":"We reconstructed Holocene water-level and vegetation dynamics based on pollen and plant macrofossils from a coastal lake in Upper Michigan. Our primary objective was to test the hypothesis that major fluctuations in Great Lakes water levels resulted in part from climatic changes. We also used our data to provide temporal constraints to the mid-Holocene dry period in Upper Michigan. From 9600 to 8600 cal yr B.P. a shallow, lacustrine environment characterized the Mud Lake basin. A Sphagnum-dominated wetland occupied the basin during the mid-Holocene dry period (∼8600 to 6600 cal yr B.P.). The basin flooded at 6600 cal yr B.P. as a result of rising water levels associated with the onset of the Nipissing I phase of ancestral Lake Superior. This flooding event occurred contemporaneously with a well-documented regional expansion of Tsuga. Betula pollen increased during the Nipissing II phase (4500 cal yr B.P.). Macrofossil evidence from Mud Lake suggests that Betula alleghaniensis expansion was primarily responsible for the rising Betula pollen percentages. Major regional and local vegetational changes were associated with all the major Holocene highstands of the western Great Lakes (Nipissing I, Nipissing II, and Algoma). Traditional interpretations of Great Lakes water-level history should be revised to include a major role of climate.
The speciation of U(VI) sorbed to synthetic hydroxyapatite was investigated using a combination of U LIII-edge XAS, synchrotron XRD, batch uptake measurements, and SEM-EDS. The mechanisms of U(VI) removal by apatite were determined in order to evaluate the feasibility of apatite-based in-situ permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). In batch U(VI) uptake experiments with synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA), near complete removal of dissolved uranium (>99.5%) to <0.05 μM was observed over a range of total U(VI) concentrations up to equimolar of the total P in the suspension. XRD and XAS analyses of U(VI)-reacted HA at sorbed concentrations ≤4700 ppm U(VI) suggested that uranium(VI) phosphate, hydroxide, and carbonate solids were not present at these concentrations. Fits to EXAFS spectra indicate the presence of Ca neighbors at 3.81 Å. U-Ca separation, suggesting that U(VI) adsorbs to the HA surfaces as an inner-sphere complex. Uranium(VI) phosphate solid phases were not detected in HA with 4700 ppm sorbed U(VI) by backscatter SEM or EDS, in agreement with the surface complexation process. In contrast, U(VI) speciation in samples that exceeded 7000 ppm sorbed U(VI) included a crystalline uranium(VI) phosphate solid phase, identified as chernikovite by XRD. At these higher concentrations, a secondary, uranium(VI) phosphate solid was detected by SEM-EDS, consistent with chernikovite precipitation. Autunite formation occurred at total U:P molar ratios ≥0.2. Our findings provide a basis for evaluating U(VI) sorption mechanisms by commercially available natural apatites for use in development of PRBs for groundwater U(VI) remediation.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es0108483","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Fuller, C.C., Bargar, J., Davis, J., and Piana, M., 2002, Mechanisms of uranium interactions with hydroxyapatite: Implications for groundwater remediation: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 2, p. 158-165, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0108483.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"158","endPage":"165","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":207771,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0108483"},{"id":232973,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5372e4b0c8380cd6cabe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bargar, J.R.","contributorId":82466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bargar","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piana, M.J.","contributorId":22940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piana","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024852,"text":"70024852 - 2002 - Managing tallgrass prairie remnants: The effects of different types of land stewardship on grassland bird habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-13T15:04:23.395037","indexId":"70024852","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1462,"text":"Ecological Restoration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Managing tallgrass prairie remnants: The effects of different types of land stewardship on grassland bird habitat","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Wisconsin Press","doi":"10.3368/er.20.1.18","usgsCitation":"Higgins, J.J., Larson, G., and Higgins, K.F., 2002, Managing tallgrass prairie remnants: The effects of different types of land stewardship on grassland bird habitat: Ecological Restoration, v. 20, no. 1, p. 18-22, https://doi.org/10.3368/er.20.1.18.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c96e4b0c8380cd69d62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Higgins, Jeremy J.","contributorId":292422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higgins","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, Gary","contributorId":40093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higgins, Kenneth F.","contributorId":202243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higgins","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":36386,"text":"Department Of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":402870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024965,"text":"70024965 - 2002 - Determination of melanterite-rozenite and chalcanthite-bonattite equilibria by humidity measurements at 0.1 MPa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-09T16:27:10.884365","indexId":"70024965","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of melanterite-rozenite and chalcanthite-bonattite equilibria by humidity measurements at 0.1 MPa","docAbstract":"Melanterite (FeSO4·7H2O)-rozenite (FeSO4·4H2O) and chalcanthite (CuSO4·5H2O)-bonattite (CuSO4·3H2O) equilibria were determined by humidity measurements at 0.1 MPa. Two methods were used; one is the gas-flow-cell method (between 21 and 98 °C), and the other is the humiditybuffer method (between 21 and 70 °C). The first method has a larger temperature uncertainty even though it is more efficient. With the aid of humidity buffers, which correspond to a series of saturated binary salt solutions, the second method yields reliable results as demonstrated by very tight reversals along each humidity buffer. These results are consistent with those obtained by the first method, and also with the solubility data reported in the literature. Thermodynamic analysis of these data yields values of 29.231 ± 0.025 and 22.593 ± 0.040 kJ/mol for standard Gibbs free energy of reaction at 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa for melanterite-rozenite and chalcanthite-bonattite equilibria, respectively. The methods used in this study hold great potential for unraveling the thermodynamic properties of sulfate salts involved in dehydration reactions at near ambient conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"De Gruyter","doi":"10.2138/am-2002-0112","usgsCitation":"Chou, I., Seal, R., and Hemingway, B.S., 2002, Determination of melanterite-rozenite and chalcanthite-bonattite equilibria by humidity measurements at 0.1 MPa: American Mineralogist, v. 87, no. 1, p. 108-114, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2002-0112.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"108","endPage":"114","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffb4e4b0c8380cd4f343","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, R.R. 0000-0003-0901-2529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":90331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hemingway, B. S.","contributorId":7268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024955,"text":"70024955 - 2002 - Effects of antenna placement and antibiotic treatment on loss of simulated transmitters and mortality in hybrid striped bass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70024955","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of antenna placement and antibiotic treatment on loss of simulated transmitters and mortality in hybrid striped bass","docAbstract":"We compared the effects of two antenna placements (trailing and nontrailing) and antibiotic treatments (treated and nontreated) on mortality and transmitter loss in hybrid striped bass Morone saxatilis ?? M. chrysops (364 ?? 28 mm total length, 645 ?? 129 g [mean ?? SD]) implanted with simulated transmitters and held in the laboratory for 90 d. Although antibiotic treatment significantly increased the time to first mortality in fish surgically implanted with simulated transmitters (by an average of 14 d), we did not detect an effect on cumulative mortality. We also did not detect an effect of antenna type on the time to first mortality, but cumulative mortality was higher in the trailing antenna groups (50%) than in the nontrailing antenna groups (12%). Three transmitters were expelled during the study, all from trailing-antenna treatment groups, indicating a significant effect of antenna placement on the level of transmitter expulsion. Antibiotic treatment appears to be effective in preventing initial postsurgical infection; however, the antenna may serve as a continuous source of irritation and route of infection into the body cavity. The potential for infection and mortality in experimental animals must be weighed against the improved performance of transmitters with trailing antennas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0204:EOAPAA>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Isely, J.J., Young, S., Jones, T., and Schaffler, J.J., 2002, Effects of antenna placement and antibiotic treatment on loss of simulated transmitters and mortality in hybrid striped bass: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 22, no. 1, p. 204-207, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0204:EOAPAA>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"204","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207728,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0204:EOAPAA>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":232904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a068de4b0c8380cd512d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Isely, J. Jeffery","contributorId":97224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isely","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeffery","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, S.P.","contributorId":50265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, T.A.","contributorId":26592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schaffler, James J.","contributorId":88911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaffler","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":403244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025008,"text":"70025008 - 2002 - Records of Northern Mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos, occurrences in North Dakota during the twentieth century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T11:40:59","indexId":"70025008","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Records of Northern Mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos, occurrences in North Dakota during the twentieth century","docAbstract":"The Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) is a common bird in the southern United States that has been expanding its breeding range into the northern United States and southern Canada. During the twentieth century, there were 128 reports of Northern Mockingbird occurrences in North Dakota, including 106 reports during the breeding season (15 April to 31 August) and 22 during the nonbreeding season (1 September to 14 April). The species has been largely absent from North Dakota from January through mid-April. Prior to the 1930s, there was only one record (1916) of the Northern Mockingbird in the state. Observations of Northern Mockingbirds in North Dakota increased markedly between the 1930s and 1990s. On average, there were 0.3 reports of mockingbirds per year in 1931-1940, 0.6 in 1941-1950, 1.1 in 1951-1960, 1.6 in 1961-1970, 2.4 in 1971-1980, 2.3 in 1981-1990, and 4.5 in 1991-2000. The species has been observed in North Dakota nearly annually since 1958. At least six reports during the twentieth century included evidence of nesting (nests or dependent young). Based on mockingbird records during the twentieth century, we designate the current status of the Northern Mockingbird in North Dakota as a rare spring migrant, rare summer visitant, casual nester, and a casual fall and winter visitant.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00083550","usgsCitation":"Igl, L., and Martin, R., 2002, Records of Northern Mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos, occurrences in North Dakota during the twentieth century: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 116, no. 1, p. 87-97.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"97","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a2aee4b0e8fec6cdb659","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Igl, L.D. 0000-0003-0530-7266","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":13568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"L.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, R.E.","contributorId":7654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024849,"text":"70024849 - 2002 - A comparison of surface water natural organic matter in raw filtered water samples, XAD, and reverse osmosis isolates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T08:02:19","indexId":"70024849","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of surface water natural organic matter in raw filtered water samples, XAD, and reverse osmosis isolates","docAbstract":"This research compared raw filtered waters (RFWs), XAD resin isolates (XAD-8 and XAD-4), and reverse osmosis (RO) isolates of several surface water samples from McDonalds Branch, a small freshwater fen in the New Jersey Pine Barrens (USA). RO and XAD-8 are two of the most common techniques used to isolate natural organic matter (NOM) for studies of composition and reactivity; therefore, it is important to understand how the isolates differ from bulk (unisolated) samples and from one another. Although, any comparison between the isolation methods needs to consider that XAD-8 is specifically designed to isolate the humic fraction, whereas RO concentrates a broad range of organic matter and is not specific to humics. The comparison included for all samples: weight average molecular weight (Mw), number average molecular weight (Mn), polydispersity (ρ), absorbance at 280 nm normalized to moles C (ε280) (RFW and isolates); and for isolates only: elemental analysis, % carbon distribution by 13C NMR, and aqueous FTIR spectra. As expected, RO isolation gave higher yield of NOM than XAD-8, but also higher ash content, especially Si and S. Mwdecreased in the order: RO>XAD-8>RFW>XAD-4. The Mw differences of isolates compared with RFW may be due to selective isolation (fractionation), or possibly in the case of RO to condensation or coagulation during isolation. 13C NMR results were roughly similar for the two methods, but the XAD-8 isolate was slightly higher in ‘aromatic’ C and the RO isolate was slightly higher in heteroaliphatic and carbonyl C. Infrared spectra indicated a higher carboxyl content for the XAD-8 isolates and a higher ester:carboxyl ratio for the RO isolates. The spectroscopic data thus are consistent with selective isolation of more hydrophobic compounds by XAD-8, and also with potential ester hydrolysis during that process, although further study is needed to determine whether ester hydrolysis does indeed occur. Researchers choosing between XAD and RO isolation methods for NOM need to consider first the purpose of the isolation; i.e., whether humic fractionation is desirable. Beyond that, they should consider the C yield and ash content, as well as the potential for alteration of NOM by ester hydrolysis (XAD) or condensation/coagulation (RO). Furthermore, the RO and XAD methods produce different fractions or isolates so that researchers should be careful when comparing the compositions and reactivities of NOM samples isolated by these two different techniques.
The cause of deeply penetrating ulcers of Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus has been the subject of significant research efforts in recent years. These lesions and the associated syndrome termed ulcerative mycosis have been observed along the East Coast of the United States since at least the early 1980s. Although Aphanomyces spp. were isolated from these lesions in the mid to late 1980s, similar lesions could not be reproduced by experimental infections of Atlantic menhaden with these isolates. The identical characteristic histologic appearance of granulomatous inflammation surrounding the penetrating fungal hyphae occurs in fish with epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), as reported throughout South Asia, Japan, and Australia. Aphanomyces invadans has been found to be the causative agent of EUS in all of these countries. Using methods developed for the study of EUS, we successfully isolated an organism for which the DNA sequence, morphology, temperature and salinity growth characteristics, and infectivity of chevron snakehead Channa striata are identical to A. invadans. Using the polymerase chain reaction assay for A. invadans, we were able to demonstrate the presence of the organism from Atlantic menhaden lesions collected in U.S. estuarine waters from Delaware to South Carolina. In addition, the organism was present in lesions on a bluegill Lepomis macrochirus from a farm pond in Georgia and channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus from a farm pond in Louisiana.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(2002)014%3C0001:AIIAMA%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Lilley, J.H., Schill, W.B., Kiryu, Y., Densmore, C.L., Panyawachira, V., and Chinabut, S., 2002, Aphanomyces invadans in Atlantic Menhaden along the East Coast of the United States: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 14, no. 1, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(2002)014%3C0001:AIIAMA%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Pocomoke River, Wicomico River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.640869140625,\n 37.95286091815649\n ],\n [\n -75.31951904296875,\n 38.201496974020806\n ],\n [\n -75.3057861328125,\n 38.28346905497185\n ],\n [\n -75.61065673828125,\n 38.43422817624596\n ],\n [\n -75.91278076171875,\n 38.248965760244644\n ],\n [\n -75.640869140625,\n 37.95286091815649\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67af50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, Vicki S. 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":150384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki S.","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":320813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lilley, J. H.","contributorId":55387,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lilley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schill, W. B.","contributorId":60146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kiryu, Y.","contributorId":108060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kiryu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Densmore, Christine L.","contributorId":18316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Panyawachira, V.","contributorId":39734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Panyawachira","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chinabut, S.","contributorId":19913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chinabut","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70024238,"text":"70024238 - 2002 - Evaluation of unsaturated zone water fluxes in heterogeneous alluvium at a Mojave Basin Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T10:23:14","indexId":"70024238","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of unsaturated zone water fluxes in heterogeneous alluvium at a Mojave Basin Site","docAbstract":"Vertical and horizontal water fluxes in the unsaturated zone near intermittent streams critically affect ecosystems, water supply, and contaminant transport in arid and semiarid regions. The subsurface near the Oro Grande Wash is typical in having great textural diversity, pronounced layer contrasts, and extremely low hydraulic conductivities associated with nearly dry media. These features prevent a straightforward application of the Darcian method for recharge estimation, which has provided high‐quality flux estimates at simpler, wetter sites. We have augmented the basic Darcian method with theoretical developments such that a small number of core sample unsaturated hydraulic property measurements, combined with additional, easily obtained data (e.g., drillers' logs) can provide useful flux estimates and knowledge of two‐dimensional water behavior beneath the wash.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001WR000735","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., Deason, J.A., Izbicki, J., and Martin, P., 2002, Evaluation of unsaturated zone water fluxes in heterogeneous alluvium at a Mojave Basin Site: Water Resources Research, v. 38, no. 10, p. 33-1-33-13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR000735.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"33-1","endPage":"33-13","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478771,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001wr000735","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d03e4b0c8380cd52db2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deason, Jeffrey A.","contributorId":57061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deason","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":400507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024348,"text":"70024348 - 2002 - Late Quaternary evolution of the San Antonio Submarine Canyon in the central Chile forearc (∼33°S)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-07T13:11:36","indexId":"70024348","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary evolution of the San Antonio Submarine Canyon in the central Chile forearc (∼33°S)","docAbstract":"Hydrosweep swath-bathymetry and seismic-reflection data reveal the morphology, sedimentary processes, and structural controls on the submarine San Antonio Canyon. The canyon crosses the forearc slope of the central Chile margin for more than 150 km before it empties into the Chile Trench near 33°S latitude. In its upper reaches, the nearly orthogonal segments of the San Antonio Canyon incise ∼1 km into thick sediment following underlying margin-perpendicular basement faults and along the landward side of a prominent margin-parallel thrust ridge on the outer mid-slope. At a breach in the outer ridge, the canyon makes a sharp turn into the San Antonio Reentrant. Resistance to erosion of outcropping basement at the head of the reentrant has prevented the development of a uniformly sloping thalweg, leaving gentle gradients (<2°) up-canyon and steep gradients (>6°) across the lower slope. Emergence of an obstruction across the head of the San Antonio Reentrant has trapped sediment in the mid-slope segments of the canyon. Presently, little sediment appears to reach the Chile Trench through the San Antonio Canyon. The development of the San Antonio Canyon was controlled by the impact of a subducted seamount, which formed the San Antonio Reentrant and warped the middle slope along its landward advancing path. Incision of the canyon landward of the outer mid-slope ridge may be ascribed to a combination of headward erosion and entrenchment by captured unconfined turbidity currents. Flushing of the canyon was likely enhanced during the lowered sea level of the last glaciation. Where the canyon occupies the triangular embayment of the reentrant at the base of the slope, sediment has ponded behind a small accretionary ridge. On the trench floor opposite the San Antonio Canyon mouth, a 200-m-thick levee–overbank complex formed on the left side of a distributary channel emanating from a breach in the accretionary ridge. Axial transfer of sediment was inhibited to the north of the San Antonio Canyon mouth, which left the trench to the north sediment starved. Between ∼32°40′S and 33°40′S, the Chile Trench axial turbidite channel deeply incises the San Antonio distributary complex. This entrenchment may have been initiated when the barrier to northward transport was eliminated.
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