The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is proposing to conduct a global mineral-resource assessment using geologic maps, significant deposits, and exploration history as minimal data requirements. Using a geologic map and locations of significant pluton-related deposits, the pluton-related-deposit tract maps from the USGS national mineral-resource assessment have been reproduced with GIS-based analysis and modeling techniques. Agreement, kappa, and Jaccard's C correlation statistics between the expert USGS and calculated tract maps of 87%, 40%, and 28%, respectively, have been achieved using a combination of weights-of-evidence and weighted logistic regression methods. Between the experts' and calculated maps, the ranking of states measured by total permissive area correlates at 84%. The disagreement between the experts and calculated results can be explained primarily by tracts defined by geophysical evidence not considered in the calculations, generalization of tracts by the experts, differences in map scales, and the experts' inclusion of large tracts that are arguably not permissive. This analysis shows that tracts for regional mineral-resource assessment approximating those delineated by USGS experts can be calculated using weights of evidence and weighted logistic regression, a geologic map, and the location of significant deposits. Weights of evidence and weighted logistic regression applied to a global geologic map could provide quickly a useful reconnaissance definition of tracts for mineral assessment that is tied to the data and is reproducible.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1023/A:1021138910662","usgsCitation":"Raines, G.L., and Mihalasky, M.J., 2002, A reconnaissance method for delineation of tracts for regional-scale mineral-resource assessment based on geologic-map data: Natural Resources Research, v. 11, no. 4, p. 241-248, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021138910662.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e534e4b0c8380cd46be2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raines, Gary L.","contributorId":48162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mihalasky, Mark J. 0000-0002-0082-3029 mjm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0082-3029","contributorId":3692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mihalasky","given":"Mark","email":"mjm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":400163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024159,"text":"70024159 - 2002 - Influence of the proximity and amount of human development and roads on the occurrence of the red imported fire ant in the lower Florida Keys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T12:41:56","indexId":"70024159","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of the proximity and amount of human development and roads on the occurrence of the red imported fire ant in the lower Florida Keys","docAbstract":"We examined the influence of both the proximity and extent of human developments and paved roads on the presence of the predatory, non-indigenous, red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta). This species was inadvertently introduced into the United States at the port of Mobile, Alabama, around 1930 and rapidly spread to many southeastern states, including Florida. More recently, S. invicta colonized the Florida Keys, an area with a high proportion of rare and endemic vertebrate and invertebrate species. We placed bait transects in transitional salt-marsh, pineland, and hardwood hammocks on 13 of the lower Florida Keys and compared habitat type, the shortest distance of the bait transect to a development or road, and area of development and roads 50, 70, 100, and 150 m around each bait transect for areas with and without red imported fire ants. Red imported fire ants were detected on 21 of the 80 transects and were equally abundant in all habitat types. While all of the development and road variables differed significantly between bait transects with and without red imported fire ants, transects that were closest to roads and that had the largest amount of development within a 150 m radii had the highest probability of presence of red imported fire ants. Recovery efforts for endangered species in areas invaded by red imported fire ants should include analyses of the cumulative impacts of roads and developments in areas near protected lands. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00086-1","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Forys, E., Allen, C.R., and Wojcik, D., 2002, Influence of the proximity and amount of human development and roads on the occurrence of the red imported fire ant in the lower Florida Keys: Biological Conservation, v. 108, no. 1, p. 27-33, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00086-1.","startPage":"27","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207057,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00086-1"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b8be4b0c8380cd62626","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forys, E.A.","contributorId":9424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forys","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wojcik, D.P.","contributorId":94814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wojcik","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015232,"text":"1015232 - 2002 - Implications of flood pulse restoration for Populus regeneration on the upper Missouri River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T15:37:00","indexId":"1015232","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Implications of flood pulse restoration for Populus regeneration on the upper Missouri River","title":"Implications of flood pulse restoration for Populus regeneration on the upper Missouri River","docAbstract":"We developed a mass balance flow model to reconstruct unregulated daily peak flows in the National Wild and Scenic reach of the Missouri River, Montana. Results indicated that although the observed frequency of large peak flows has not changed in the post-dam period, their magnitude has been reduced from 40 to 50% as a consequence of flow regulation. Reductions in the magnitude of these flows should reduce the expected frequency of large flood-pulses over a longer time-scale. Results of a two-dimensional hydraulic model indicated that limited cottonwood (Populus deltoides subsp. Monilifera) recruitment occurs at relatively small peak discharges, but to maximize establishment of cottonwoods in the Wild and Scenic reach, a threshold of 1850 m3/s would be necessary at the Virgelle gauge. Floods of this magnitude or greater lead to establishment of cottonwood seedlings above the zone of frequent ice-drive disturbance. Restoring the frequency, magnitude, duration and timing of these flood pulses would benefit important natural resource values including riparian cottonwood forests and native fish species in the upper Missouri River basin. However, efforts to naturalize flow must be made in the context of a water management system that was authorized and constructed for the primary purposes of flood control, power generation and irrigation. Using the synthesized flow model and flood damage curves, we examined six scenarios for delivering flows ≥1850 m3/s to the Wild and Scenic reach. Whereas some scenarios appeared to be politically and economically infeasible, our analysis suggested that there is enough operational flexibility in the system to restore more natural flood pulses without greatly compromising other values.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.672","usgsCitation":"Bovee, K.D., and Scott, M.L., 2002, Implications of flood pulse restoration for Populus regeneration on the upper Missouri River: River Research and Applications, v. 18, no. 3, p. 287-298, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.672.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"298","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5fe0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bovee, Ken D.","contributorId":100447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bovee","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, Michael L. scottm@usgs.gov","contributorId":1169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Michael","email":"scottm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023866,"text":"70023866 - 2002 - Reactivity and mobility of new and old mercury deposition in a boreal forest ecosystem during the first year of the METAALICUS study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T09:20:18","indexId":"70023866","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reactivity and mobility of new and old mercury deposition in a boreal forest ecosystem during the first year of the METAALICUS study","docAbstract":"The METAALICUS (Mercury Experiment To Assess Atmospheric Loading In Canada and the US) project is a whole ecosystem experiment designed to study the activity, mobility, and availability of atmospherically deposited mercury. To investigate the dynamics of mercury newly deposited onto a terrestrial ecosystem, an enriched stable isotope of mercury (202Hg) was sprayed onto a Boreal forest subcatchment in an experiment that allowed us, for the first time, to monitor the fate of “new” mercury in deposition and to distinguish it from native mercury historically stored in the ecosystem. Newly deposited mercury was more reactive than the native mercury with respect to volatilization and methylation pathways. Mobility through runoff was very low and strongly decreased with time because of a rapid equilibration with the large native pool of “bound” mercury. Over one season, only ∼8% of the added 202Hg volatilized to the atmosphere and less than 1% appeared in runoff. Within a few months, approximately 66% of the applied 202Hg remained associated with above ground vegetation, with the rest being incorporated into soils. The fraction of 202Hg bound to vegetation was much higher than seen for native Hg (<5% vegetation), suggesting that atmospherically derived mercury enters the soil pool with a time delay, after plants senesce and decompose. The initial mobility of mercury received through small rain events or dry deposition decreased markedly in a relatively short time period, suggesting that mercury levels in terrestrial runoff may respond slowly to changes in mercury deposition rates.
The systematic relationship between Myotis lucifugus carissima and Myotis occultus has been the subject of multiple studies. Although several studies, including a recent allozyme study, concluded that M. occultus is a subspecies of M. lucifugus, this view has not been universally accepted. We reexamined the relationships of these 2 taxa by sequencing the mitochondrial cytochrome-b (cyt-b) and cytochrome oxidase II (COII) genes of specimens from the allozyme study. The results suggest that M. occultus represents an evolutionarily distinct monophyletic lineage and provide support to arguments that M. occultus is a distinct species.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0386:SOMOCV>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Piaggio, A., Valdez, E., Bogan, M., and Spicer, G., 2002, Systematics of Myotis occultus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) inferred from sequences of two mitochondrial genes: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 83, no. 2, p. 386-395, https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0386:SOMOCV>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"386","endPage":"395","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db6879e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piaggio, A.J.","contributorId":17953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piaggio","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valdez, E.W.","contributorId":13581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdez","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bogan, M.A.","contributorId":17939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogan","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spicer, G.S.","contributorId":10003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1015253,"text":"1015253 - 2002 - Public attitudes and knowledge of the black-tailed prairie dog: A common and controversial species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-16T20:50:32","indexId":"1015253","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Public attitudes and knowledge of the black-tailed prairie dog: A common and controversial species","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
We describe the diet of Crotalus lepidus klauberi (Banded Rock Rattlesnake) using samples collected in the field and from museum specimens, as well as several records from unpublished reports. Most records (approximately 91%) were from the northern Sierra Madrean Archipelago. Diet consisted of 55.4% lizards, 28.3% scolopendromorph centipedes, 13.8% mammals, 1.9% birds, and 0.6% snakes. Sceloporus spp. comprised 92.4% of lizards. Extrapolation suggests that Sceloporus jarrovii represents 82.3% of lizard records. Diet was independent of geographic distribution (mountain range), sex, source of sample (stomach vs. intestine/feces), and age class. However, predator snout–vent length differed significantly among prey types; snakes that ate birds were longest, followed in turn by those that ate mammals, lizards, and centipedes. Collection date also differed significantly among prey classes; the mean date for centipede records was later than the mean date for squamate, bird, or mammal records. We found no difference in the elevation of collection sites among prey classes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.1670/0022-1511(2002)036[0589:DOCLKB]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Holycross, A.T., Painter, C.W., Prival, D.B., Swann, D., Schroff, M.J., Edwards, T., and Schwalbe, C., 2002, Diet of Crotalus lepidus klauberi (Banded Rock Rattlesnake): Journal of Herpetology, v. 36, no. 4, p. 589-597, https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2002)036[0589:DOCLKB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"589","endPage":"597","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00d3e4b0c8380cd4f93a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holycross, Andrew T.","contributorId":194889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holycross","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Painter, C. W.","contributorId":42149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prival, D. B.","contributorId":10954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prival","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swann, Don","contributorId":191890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swann","given":"Don","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schroff, M. J.","contributorId":72164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schroff","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Edwards, Taylor","contributorId":62337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Taylor","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schwalbe, C.R.","contributorId":35259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwalbe","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70023862,"text":"70023862 - 2002 - AVHRR composite period selection for land cover classification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T16:11:29","indexId":"70023862","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"AVHRR composite period selection for land cover classification","docAbstract":"Multitemporal satellite image datasets provide valuable information on the phenological characteristics of vegetation, thereby significantly increasing the accuracy of cover type classifications compared to single date classifications. However, the processing of these datasets can become very complex when dealing with multitemporal data combined with multispectral data. Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) biweekly composite data are commonly used to classify land cover over large regions. Selecting a subset of these biweekly composite periods may be required to reduce the complexity and cost of land cover mapping. The objective of our research was to evaluate the effect of reducing the number of composite periods and altering the spacing of those composite periods on classification accuracy. Because inter-annual variability can have a major impact on classification results, 5 years of AVHRR data were evaluated. AVHRR biweekly composite images for spectral channels 1-4 (visible, near-infrared and two thermal bands) covering the entire growing season were used to classify 14 cover types over the entire state of Colorado for each of five different years. A supervised classification method was applied to maintain consistent procedures for each case tested. Results indicate that the number of composite periods can be halved-reduced from 14 composite dates to seven composite dates-without significantly reducing overall classification accuracy (80.4% Kappa accuracy for the 14-composite data-set as compared to 80.0% for a seven-composite dataset). At least seven composite periods were required to ensure the classification accuracy was not affected by inter-annual variability due to climate fluctuations. Concentrating more composites near the beginning and end of the growing season, as compared to using evenly spaced time periods, consistently produced slightly higher classification values over the 5 years tested (average Kappa) of 80.3% for the heavy early/late case as compared to 79.0% for the alternate dataset case).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431160210145579","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Maxwell, S., Hoffer, R., and Chapman, P., 2002, AVHRR composite period selection for land cover classification: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 23, no. 23, p. 5043-5059, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160210145579.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"5043","endPage":"5059","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":207180,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160210145579"},{"id":231893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e63ce4b0c8380cd47294","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maxwell, S.K.","contributorId":36665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxwell","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffer, R.M.","contributorId":6861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffer","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapman, P.L.","contributorId":29144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023913,"text":"70023913 - 2002 - Monitoring artificially stimulated fluid movement in the Cretaceous Dakota aquifer, western Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70023913","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring artificially stimulated fluid movement in the Cretaceous Dakota aquifer, western Kansas","docAbstract":"Aquifer properties can be evaluated by monitoring artificially stimulated fluid movements between wells, if the fluid is heated. Changes in the temperature profile recorded in observation wells indicate the flow path of the heated fluid, which in effect acts as a tracer. A fluid-flow experiment in the Cretaceous Dakota Formation at the Hodgeman County site, west-central Kansas, demonstrated the advantage of using the distributed optical-fiber temperature sensing method for monitoring transient temperature conditions in his hydrological application. The fluid flow in the aquifer was increased by producing water from a pumping well and injecting heated water in an injection well 13 m (43 ft) distant from the pumping well. The time-temperature series data obtained and compared with results from previous pumping tests point to interwell heterogeneity of the aquifer and to a zone in the sandstone aquifer of high hydraulic conductivity. However, the experiment would have allowed further clarification of aquifer heterogeneity and thermal properties if at least one observation well had been present between the injection and production wells.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-002-0223-7","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Macfarlane, P.A., Forster, A., Merriam, D.F., Schrotter, J., and Healey, J., 2002, Monitoring artificially stimulated fluid movement in the Cretaceous Dakota aquifer, western Kansas: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 10, no. 6, p. 662-673, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-002-0223-7.","startPage":"662","endPage":"673","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207273,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-002-0223-7"},{"id":232088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d8ce4b0c8380cd70454","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macfarlane, P. A.","contributorId":14597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macfarlane","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Forster, A.","contributorId":14580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forster","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merriam, D. F.","contributorId":63175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merriam","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schrotter, J.","contributorId":105458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrotter","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Healey, J.M.","contributorId":61199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healey","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70024160,"text":"70024160 - 2002 - Nestling sex ratio in the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-22T17:08:00.718067","indexId":"70024160","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nestling sex ratio in the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher","docAbstract":"Using molecular-genetic techniques, we determined the gender of 202 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) nestlings from 95 nests sampled over a five-year period. Overall nestling sex ratio did not vary significantly from 50:50 among years, by clutch order, or by mating strategy (monogamous vs. polygamous pairings). However, we did observe significant differences among the four sites sampled, with sex ratios biased either toward males or females at the different sites. Given the small population sizes and geographic isolation of many of the endangered subspecies' breeding populations, sex-ratio differences may have localized negative impacts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/condor/104.4.877","usgsCitation":"Paxton, E.H., Sogge, M.K., McCarthey, T., and Keim, P., 2002, Nestling sex ratio in the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher: Condor, v. 104, no. 4, p. 877-881, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.4.877.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"877","endPage":"881","costCenters":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Roosevelt Lake, San Pedro River, Verde River, White Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.97216796875,\n 36.1733569352216\n ],\n [\n -114.60937499999999,\n 36.10237644873644\n ],\n [\n -114.76318359374997,\n 35.7643434796672\n ],\n [\n -114.67529296874996,\n 34.84987503195418\n ],\n [\n -114.2578125,\n 34.19817309627726\n ],\n [\n -114.74121093749999,\n 33.358061612778876\n ],\n [\n -114.80712890624997,\n 32.509761735919426\n ],\n [\n -113.5986328125,\n 31.98944183792288\n ],\n [\n -111.07177734375,\n 31.353636941500987\n ],\n [\n -109.0283203125,\n 31.297327991404266\n ],\n [\n -109.0283203125,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 36.96744946416934\n ],\n [\n -113.97216796875,\n 36.1733569352216\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a64dde4b0c8380cd72a8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paxton, E. H.","contributorId":16798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sogge, M. K. 0000-0002-8337-5689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-5689","contributorId":106434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sogge","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCarthey, T.D.","contributorId":27832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthey","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keim, P.","contributorId":104668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keim","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024161,"text":"70024161 - 2002 - Global Omori law decay of triggered earthquakes: Large aftershocks outside the classical aftershock zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-14T15:50:24.601126","indexId":"70024161","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global Omori law decay of triggered earthquakes: Large aftershocks outside the classical aftershock zone","docAbstract":"[1] Triggered earthquakes can be large, damaging, and lethal as evidenced by the1999 shocks in Turkey and the 2001 earthquakes in El Salvador. In this study, earthquakes with Ms ≥ 7.0 from the Harvard centroid moment tensor (CMT) catalog are modeled as dislocations to calculate shear stress changes on subsequent earthquake rupture planes near enough to be affected. About 61% of earthquakes that occurred near (defined as having shear stress change ∣Δτ∣ ≥ 0.01 MPa) the Ms ≥ 7.0 shocks are associated with calculated shear stress increases, while ∼39% are associated with shear stress decreases. If earthquakes associated with calculated shear stress increases are interpreted as triggered, then such events make up at least 8% of the CMT catalog. Globally, these triggered earthquakes obey an Omori law rate decay that lasts between ∼7–11 years after the main shock. Earthquakes associated with calculated shear stress increases occur at higher rates than background up to 240 km away from the main shock centroid. Omori's law is one of the few time‐predictable patterns evident in the global occurrence of earthquakes. If large triggered earthquakes habitually obey Omori's law, then their hazard can be more readily assessed. The characteristic rate change with time and spatial distribution can be used to rapidly assess the likelihood of triggered earthquakes following events of Ms ≥ 7.0. I show an example application to the M = 7.7 13 January 2001 El Salvador earthquake where use of global statistics appears to provide a better rapid hazard estimate than Coulomb stress change calculations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000646","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., 2002, Global Omori law decay of triggered earthquakes: Large aftershocks outside the classical aftershock zone: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B9, p. ESE 9-1-ESE 9-20, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000646.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"ESE 9-1","endPage":"ESE 9-20","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478625,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb000646","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2936e4b0c8380cd5a75c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, Tom 0000-0002-0582-4338","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":22056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Tom","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70024162,"text":"70024162 - 2002 - Nitrogen dynamics in an Alaskan salt marsh following spring use by geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T21:21:43","indexId":"70024162","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen dynamics in an Alaskan salt marsh following spring use by geese","docAbstract":"Lesser snow geese (Anser caerulescens caerulescens) and Canada geese (Branta canadensis) use several salt marshes in Cook Inlet, Alaska, as stopover areas for brief periods during spring migration. We investigated the effects of geese on nitrogen cycling processes in Susitna Flats, one of the marshes. We compared net nitrogen mineralization, organic nitrogen pools and production in buried bags, nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria, and soil and litter characteristics on grazed plots versus paired plots that had been exclosed from grazing for 3 years. Grazed areas had higher rates of net nitrogen mineralization in the spring and there was no effect of grazing on organic nitrogen availability. The increased mineralization rates in grazed plots could not be accounted for by alteration of litter quality, litter quantity, microclimate, or root biomass, which were not different between grazed and exclosed plots. In addition, fecal input was very slight in the year that we studied nitrogen cycling. We propose that trampling had two effects that could account for greater nitrogen availability in grazed areas: litter incorporation into soil, resulting in increased rates of decomposition and mineralization of litter material, and greater rates of nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria on bare, trampled soils. A path analysis indicated that litter incorporation by trampling played a primary role in the nitrogen dynamics of the system, with nitrogen fixation secondary, and that fecal input was of little importance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-001-0837-9","issn":"00298549","usgsCitation":"Zacheis, A.B., Ruess, R.W., and Hupp, J.W., 2002, Nitrogen dynamics in an Alaskan salt marsh following spring use by geese: Oecologia, v. 130, no. 4, p. 600-608, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-001-0837-9.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"600","endPage":"608","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet","volume":"130","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66d0e4b0c8380cd72fe5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zacheis, Amy B.","contributorId":92460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zacheis","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruess, Roger W.","contributorId":45483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruess","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015234,"text":"1015234 - 2002 - The importance of rapid, disturbance-induced losses in carbon management and sequestration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T08:51:27","indexId":"1015234","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1839,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of rapid, disturbance-induced losses in carbon management and sequestration","docAbstract":"Management of terrestrial carbon fluxes is being proposed as a means of increasing the amount of carbon sequestered in the terrestrial biosphere. This approach is generally viewed only as an interim strategy for the coming decades while other longer-term strategies are developed and implemented — the most important being the direct reduction of carbon emissions. We are concerned that the potential for rapid, disturbance-induced losses may be much greater than is currently appreciated, especially by the decision-making community. Here we wish to: (1) highlight the complex and threshold-like nature of disturbances — such as fire and drought, as well as the erosion associated with each — that could lead to carbon losses; (2) note the global extent of ecosystems that are at risk of such disturbance-induced carbon losses; and (3) call for increased consideration of and research on the mechanisms by which large, rapid disturbance-induced losses of terrestrial carbon could occur. Our lack of ability as a scientific community to predict such ecosystem dynamics is precluding the effective consideration of these processes into strategies and policies related to carbon management and sequestration. Consequently, scientists need to do more to improve quantification of these potential losses and to integrate them into sound, sustainable policy options.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1466-822X.2002.00274.x","usgsCitation":"Breshears, D., and Allen, C.D., 2002, The importance of rapid, disturbance-induced losses in carbon management and sequestration: Global Ecology and Biogeography, v. 11, no. 1, p. 1-5, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-822X.2002.00274.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"5","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-02-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a86e4b07f02db64d8cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breshears, D.D.","contributorId":17952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breshears","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":322622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023861,"text":"70023861 - 2002 - Elevations of water-worn features on Mars: Implications for circulation of groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T22:55:33.56349","indexId":"70023861","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elevations of water-worn features on Mars: Implications for circulation of groundwater","docAbstract":"Central to the model of the evolution of the martian hydrosphere by Clifford and Parker [2001] is a permanent freezing of the planet at the end of the Noachian and recharge of the global groundwater system by basal melting of ice-rich polar deposits. Acquisition of MOLA data by Mars Global Surveyor provides a means of testing the model, since discharge of water onto the surface, after development of the cryosphere, is driven by the hydrostatic head created by the difference in elevation between the base of the polar-layered terrain and the discharge site. The new data show that, while most post-Noachian water-worn features are at a lower elevation than the base of the polar-layered terrains, as required by the model, there are exceptions. Prominent among these are possible lacustrine deposits within the canyons, tributaries to the canyons, and valleys on several volcanoes. These high-standing features can be reconciled with the model if volcanic melting of ice within the cryosphere is invoked as a source for water at high elevations. An alternative is that high pressures may have developed below the cryosphere as a result of water being trapped beneath the growing cryosphere and the impermeable basement. Yet another alternative is that, since the end of the Noachian, the groundwater system has been recharged by precipitation during occasional warm periods.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002JE001845","usgsCitation":"Carr, M.H., 2002, Elevations of water-worn features on Mars: Implications for circulation of groundwater: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 107, no. 12, p. 14-1-14-11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JE001845.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"14-1","endPage":"14-11","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478650,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002je001845","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"107","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08d3e4b0c8380cd51cb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":399093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70024172,"text":"70024172 - 2002 - Use of Acoustic Doppler Instruments for Measuring Discharge in Streams with Appreciable Sediment Transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70024172","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of Acoustic Doppler Instruments for Measuring Discharge in Streams with Appreciable Sediment Transport","docAbstract":"The use of Acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP) for measuring discharge in streams with sediment transport was discussed. The studies show that the acoustic frequency of an ADCP in combination with the sediment transport characteristics in a river causes the ADCP bottom-tracking algorithms to detect a moving bottom. A moving bottom causes bottom-tracking-referenced water velocities and discharges to be biased low. The results also show that the use of differential global positioning system (DGPS) data allows accurate measurement of water velocities and discharges in such cases.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods 2002","conferenceDate":"28 July 2002 through 1 August 2002","conferenceLocation":"Estes Park, CO","language":"English","isbn":"0784406553","usgsCitation":"Mueller, D.S., 2002, Use of Acoustic Doppler Instruments for Measuring Discharge in Streams with Appreciable Sediment Transport, in Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods, Estes Park, CO, 28 July 2002 through 1 August 2002, p. 250-260.","startPage":"250","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe5ae4b08c986b32954f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.","contributorId":128321,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.","id":536532,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, D. S.","contributorId":51338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023860,"text":"70023860 - 2002 - Interannual variations in snowpack in the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-18T13:56:50","indexId":"70023860","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interannual variations in snowpack in the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem","docAbstract":"Ecosystem changes such as glacier recession and alpine treeline advance have been documented over the previous 150 years in the Rocky Mountains of northern Montana and southern British Columbia and Alberta, a region known as the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem (CCE). Such changes are controlled, at least partially, by variations in snowpack. The CCE consists primarily of public lands, the majority of which is undeveloped or wilderness. Consequently, this region is well suited for an examination of long-term snowpack variation and associated ecosystem change. Data from nine SNOTEL sites provide an indication of the daily accumulation and ablation of snowpack over the period 1977-2001, as well as the relationship between precipitation, temperature and snowpack. 1 April data from 21 snow courses indicated the extent of regional snowpack variation and trends over the period 1950-2001, and 1 May data from three snow courses in Glacier National Park allow this record to be extended back to 1922. SNOTEL data suggest CCE snowpacks are larger and more persistent than in most regions of the western USA, and that water year precipitation is the primary control on 1 April snow water equivalent (SWE). Snow course data indicate that variations in both 1 April and 1 May mean SWE are closely tied to the Pacific decadal oscillation, an El Nino-southern oscillation-like interdecadal pattern of Pacific Ocean climate variability. Despite relatively stable snowpacks and summer temperatures since 1922, the glaciers in Glacier National Park have receded steadily during this period, implying a significant climatic shift between their Little Ice Age glacial maxima (ca 1860) and 1922. Published in 2002 by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.1234","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Selkowitz, D., Fagre, D., and Reardon, B., 2002, Interannual variations in snowpack in the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem: Hydrological Processes, v. 16, no. 18, p. 3651-3665, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1234.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"3651","endPage":"3665","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207164,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1234"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park, Alberta, British Coumbia, Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.564453125,\n 53.77468884583577\n ],\n [\n -118.125,\n 44.49650533109348\n ],\n [\n -115.83984375,\n 38.03078569382294\n ],\n [\n -115.6640625,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n -113.4228515625,\n 33.02708758002874\n ],\n [\n -106.25976562499999,\n 32.02670629333614\n ],\n [\n -105.64453124999999,\n 33.137551192346145\n ],\n [\n -104.3701171875,\n 38.134556577054134\n ],\n [\n -109.3798828125,\n 48.748945343432936\n ],\n [\n -112.67578124999999,\n 52.93539665862318\n ],\n [\n -113.64257812499999,\n 54.18815548107151\n ],\n [\n -118.564453125,\n 53.77468884583577\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cebe4b0c8380cd63158","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Selkowitz, D.J.","contributorId":82886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selkowitz","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fagre, D.B.","contributorId":52135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reardon, B.A.","contributorId":51497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reardon","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023857,"text":"70023857 - 2002 - Enhanced CAH dechlorination in a low permeability, variably-saturated medium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023857","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Enhanced CAH dechlorination in a low permeability, variably-saturated medium","docAbstract":"An innovative pilot-scale field test was performed to enhance the anaerobic reductive dechlorination (ARD) of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) in a low permeability, variably-saturated formation. The selected technology combines the use of a hydraulic fracturing (fracking) technique with enhanced bioremediation through the creation of highly-permeable sand- and electron donor-filled fractures in the low permeability matrix. Chitin was selected as the electron donor because of its unique properties as a polymeric organic material and based on the results of lab studies that indicated its ability to support ARD. The distribution and impact of chitin- and sand-filled fractures to the system was evaluated using hydrologic, geophysical, and geochemical parameters. The results indicate that, where distributed, chitin favorably impacted redox conditions and supported enhanced ARD of CAHs. These results indicate that this technology may be a viable and cost-effective approach for remediation of low-permeability, variably saturated systems.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds","conferenceDate":"20 May 2002 through 23 May 2002","conferenceLocation":"Monterey, CA.","language":"English","isbn":"1574771329","usgsCitation":"Martin, J., Sorenson, K., Peterson, L., Brennan, R., Werth, C., Sanford, R., Bures, G., and Taylor, C., 2002, Enhanced CAH dechlorination in a low permeability, variably-saturated medium, in Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Monterey, CA., 20 May 2002 through 23 May 2002, p. 995-1003.","startPage":"995","endPage":"1003","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a096ae4b0c8380cd51ed3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gavaskar A.R.Chen A.S.C.","contributorId":128403,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Gavaskar A.R.Chen A.S.C.","id":536515,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Martin, J.P.","contributorId":30875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorenson, K.S. Jr.","contributorId":71835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorenson","given":"K.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, L.N.","contributorId":85045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"L.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brennan, R.A.","contributorId":105598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Werth, C.J.","contributorId":26481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werth","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sanford, R.A.","contributorId":6722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bures, G.H.","contributorId":48827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bures","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Taylor, C.J.","contributorId":22337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70024173,"text":"70024173 - 2002 - Advertising displays of male Musk Ducks indicate population subdivision across the Nullarbor Plain of Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70024173","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Advertising displays of male Musk Ducks indicate population subdivision across the Nullarbor Plain of Australia","docAbstract":"Acoustic advertising displays (n=75) of male Musk Ducks Biziura lobata were analysed at ten widely spaced geographic localities in South Australia, Victoria, and Western Australia. Vocalisations differed in a fixed, non-overlapping pattern between allopatric Musk Duck populations in southeastern and southwestern Australia. These findings suggest that Musk Duck populations are subdivided by the Nullarbor Plain, the arid treeless desert at the head of the Great Australian Bight. Three vocalisations performed by male Musk Ducks not previously reported in the literature were documented also. Vocalisations of captive Musk Ducks collected from different geographic regions (southeast and southwest) differed between regions from which captives originally were collected and were unlike those performed by wild birds. Based on calls of immature Musk Ducks, acoustic variation within regional populations and the apparent inability of captive Musk Ducks reared in isolation to develop the wild type adult call, regional dialects seemingly are acquired in a social context by repeated observance of adult males and some combination of social imprinting, learning, or practice.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildfowl","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"09546324","usgsCitation":"McCracken, K.G., Fullagar, P., Slater, E., Paton, D., and Afton, A., 2002, Advertising displays of male Musk Ducks indicate population subdivision across the Nullarbor Plain of Australia: Wildfowl, v. 53, p. 137-154.","startPage":"137","endPage":"154","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e70ce4b0c8380cd477fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCracken, K. G.","contributorId":7431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCracken","given":"K.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fullagar, P.J.","contributorId":74908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fullagar","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slater, E.C.","contributorId":24529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slater","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paton, D.C.","contributorId":59204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paton","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. 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Molecular clock and geological considerations indicate a founding of the monophyletic Galápagos lineage around 2–3 million years ago, which would allow for all the diversification to have occurred on extant islands. Founding events generally occurred from geologically older to younger islands with some islands colonized more than once. Six of the 11 named taxa can be associated with monophyletic maternal lineages. One, Geochelone porteri on Santa Cruz Island, consists of two distinct populations connected by the deepest node in the archipelago-wide phylogeny, whereas tortoises in northwest Santa Cruz are closely related to those on adjacent Pinzón Island. Volcan Wolf, the northernmost volcano of Isabela Island, consists of both a unique set of maternal lineages and recent migrants from other islands, indicating multiple colonizations possibly due to human transport or multiple colonization and partial elimination through competition. These genetic findings are consistent with the mixed morphology of tortoises on this volcano. No clear genetic differentiation between two taxa on the two southernmost volcanoes of Isabela was evident. Extinction of crucial populations by human activities confounds whether domed versus saddleback carapaces of different populations are mono- or polyphyletic. Our findings revealed a complex phylogeography and history for this tortoise radiation within an insular environment and have implications for efforts to conserve these endangered biological treasures.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Society for the Study of Evolution","doi":"10.1554/0014-3820(2002)056[2052:PAHOGG]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Caccone, A., Gentile, G., Gibbs, J., Fritts, T.H., Snell, H., Betts, J., and Powell, J., 2002, Phylogeography and history of giant Galápagos tortoises: Evolution, v. 56, no. 10, p. 2052-2066, https://doi.org/10.1554/0014-3820(2002)056[2052:PAHOGG]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2052","endPage":"2066","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488734,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/162692","text":"External Repository"},{"id":132335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ecuador","otherGeospatial":"Galápagos Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.735595703125,\n -2.4492049339511506\n ],\n [\n -88.154296875,\n -2.4492049339511506\n ],\n [\n -88.154296875,\n 1.548883579847398\n ],\n [\n -92.735595703125,\n 1.548883579847398\n ],\n [\n -92.735595703125,\n -2.4492049339511506\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685cca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caccone, A.","contributorId":19915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caccone","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gentile, G.","contributorId":106843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gentile","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibbs, J.P.","contributorId":54937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fritts, T. H.","contributorId":40147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"T.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Snell, H.L.","contributorId":49314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snell","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Betts, J.","contributorId":64615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betts","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Powell, J.R.","contributorId":85134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70023855,"text":"70023855 - 2002 - Fracture Development within the Karaha-Telaga Bodas Geothermal Field, Indonesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023855","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Fracture Development within the Karaha-Telaga Bodas Geothermal Field, Indonesia","docAbstract":"Karaha-Telaga Bodas is a partially vapor-dominated geothermal system located in an active volcano in western Java. More than 2 dozen geothermal wells have been drilled to depths of 3 km. Detailed paragenetic and fluid-inclusion studies have defined liquid-dominated, transitional and vapor-dominated stages in the evolution of this system. The liquid-dominated stage was initiated by shallow magma intrusion into the base of the volcanic cone. Lava and pyroclastic flows capped a geothermal system. The uppermost andesite flows were only weakly fractured due to the insulating effect of the intervening altered pyroclastics, which absorbed the deformation. Shear and tensile fractures were filled with carbonates at shallow depths and by quartz, epidote and actinolite at depths and temperatures over 1km and 300??C. The system underwent numerous local cycles of overpressuring, which are marked by subhorizontal tensile fractures, anastomosing tensile fractures and implosion breccias. The development of the liquid system was interrupted by a catastrophic drop in fluid pressures. As the fluids boiled in response to this pressure drop, chalcedony and quartz were deposited in fractures having the largest apertures and steep dips. The orientations of these fractures indicate that the escaping overpressured fluids used the shortest possible paths to the surface. Vapor-dominated conditions were initiated within a vertical chimney over the still hot intrusion. As pressures declined these conditions spread outward. Downward migration of the chimney occurred as the intrusion cooled and the brittle-ductile transition migrated to greater depths. Condensate that formed at the top of the vapor-dominated zone percolated downward and lowsalinity meteoric water entered the marginal parts of the system. Calcite, anhydrite, and fluorite precipitated in fractures upon heating. A progressive sealing of the fractures occurred, resulting in the downward migration of the cap rock. In response to decreasing pore pressures in the expanding vapor zone, the fracture system within the vapor-dominated reservoir progressively collapsed, leaving only residual permeability, with apertures supported by asperities or propping breccia. In places, the fractures have completely collapsed where normal stresses acting on the fracture walls exceeded the compressive strength of the wall rock.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"Geothermal Resources Council: 2002 Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"22 September 2002 through 25 September 2002","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","issn":"01935933","usgsCitation":"Nemcok, M., Moore, J., Allis, R., and McCulloch, J., 2002, Fracture Development within the Karaha-Telaga Bodas Geothermal Field, Indonesia, in Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, Reno, NV, 22 September 2002 through 25 September 2002, p. 815-818.","startPage":"815","endPage":"818","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13ade4b0c8380cd54736","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nemcok, M.","contributorId":104248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nemcok","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, J.N.","contributorId":22795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allis, R.","contributorId":14606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allis","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCulloch, J.","contributorId":19332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCulloch","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1015241,"text":"1015241 - 2002 - Influences of spatial and temporal variation on fish-habitat relationships defined by regression quantiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-26T12:31:38","indexId":"1015241","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influences of spatial and temporal variation on fish-habitat relationships defined by regression quantiles","docAbstract":"We used regression quantiles to model potentially limiting relationships between the standing crop of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki and measures of stream channel morphology. Regression quantile models indicated that variation in fish density was inversely related to the width:depth ratio of streams but not to stream width or depth alone. The spatial and temporal stability of model predictions were examined across years and streams, respectively. Variation in fish density with width:depth ratio (10th-90th regression quantiles) modeled for streams sampled in 1993-1997 predicted the variation observed in 1998-1999, indicating similar habitat relationships across years. Both linear and nonlinear models described the limiting relationships well, the latter performing slightly better. Although estimated relationships were transferable in time, results were strongly dependent on the influence of spatial variation in fish density among streams. Density changes with width:depth ratio in a single stream were responsible for the significant (P < 0.10) negative slopes estimated for the higher quantiles (>80th). This suggests that stream-scale factors other than width:depth ratio play a more direct role in determining population density. Much of the variation in densities of cutthroat trout among streams was attributed to the occurrence of nonnative brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis (a possible competitor) or connectivity to migratory habitats. Regression quantiles can be useful for estimating the effects of limiting factors when ecological responses are highly variable, but our results indicate that spatiotemporal variability in the data should be explicitly considered. In this study, data from individual streams and stream-specific characteristics (e.g., the occurrence of nonnative species and habitat connectivity) strongly affected our interpretation of the relationship between width:depth ratio and fish density.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0086:IOSATV>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Dunham, J., Cade, B., and Terrell, J., 2002, Influences of spatial and temporal variation on fish-habitat relationships defined by regression quantiles: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 131, no. 1, p. 86-98, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0086:IOSATV>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"86","endPage":"98","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee546","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunham, J. B. 0000-0002-6268-0633","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":96637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cade, B.S.","contributorId":47315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Terrell, J.W.","contributorId":15975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrell","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024175,"text":"70024175 - 2002 - Global petroleum resources: A view to the future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70024175","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global petroleum resources: A view to the future","docAbstract":"It is necessary to periodically reassess petroleum resources, not only because new data become available and better geologic models are developed; but also because many non-geologic factors determine which part of the crustal abundance of petroleum will be economic and acceptable over the foreseeable future. In 2000, the U.S. Geological Survey completed an assessment of the world's conventional petroleum resources, exclusive of the United States. This assessment is different from those before it: Overall the 2000 assessment of potential petroleum resources is higher than previous assessments, largely because it is the first USGS world assessment to include field growth estimates. Based on a thorough investigation of the petroleum geology of each province, the assessment couples geologic analysis with a probabilistic methodology to estimate remaining potential. Including the assessment numbers for the United States from USGS and the Minerals Management Service (MMS), the world's endowment of recoverable oil - which consists of cumulative production, remaining reserves, reserve growth and undiscovered resources - is estimated at about 3 trillion barrels of oil. Of this, about 24 percent has been produced and an additional 29 percent has been discovered and booked as reserves. The natural gas endowment is estimated at 15.4 quadrillion cubic feet (2.5 trillion barrels of oil equivalent), of which only about 11 percent has been produced and an additional 31 percent has been discovered and booked as reserves. The USGS assessment is not exhaustive, because it does not cover all sedimentary basins of the world. Relatively small volumes of oil or gas have been found in an additional 279 provinces, and significant accumulations may occur in these or other basins that were not assessed. The estimates are therefore conservative.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotimes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00168556","usgsCitation":"Ahlbrandt, T., and McCabe, P., 2002, Global petroleum resources: A view to the future: Geotimes, v. 47, no. 11, p. 14-18.","startPage":"14","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2955e4b0c8380cd5a882","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahlbrandt, Thomas S.","contributorId":58279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlbrandt","given":"Thomas S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, P.J.","contributorId":57608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":47870,"text":"b2191 - 2002 - Pathways of metal transfer from mineralized sources to biorecptors: A synthesis of the Mineral Resources Program's past environmental studies in the Western United States and future research directions","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":98864,"text":"b21914 - 2002 - Biogeochemical and biochemical pathway investigations of cadmium in subarctic ecosystems using a cadmium accumulator species (willow)","indexId":"b21914","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Biogeochemical and biochemical pathway investigations of cadmium in subarctic ecosystems using a cadmium accumulator species (willow)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":47870,"text":"b2191 - 2002 - Pathways of metal transfer from mineralized sources to biorecptors: A synthesis of the Mineral Resources Program's past environmental studies in the Western United States and future research directions","indexId":"b2191","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Pathways of metal transfer from mineralized sources to biorecptors: A synthesis of the Mineral Resources Program's past environmental studies in the Western United States and future research directions"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-26T19:03:38.236798","indexId":"b2191","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2191","title":"Pathways of metal transfer from mineralized sources to biorecptors: A synthesis of the Mineral Resources Program's past environmental studies in the Western United States and future research directions","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2191","usgsCitation":"2002, Pathways of metal transfer from mineralized sources to biorecptors: A synthesis of the Mineral Resources Program's past environmental studies in the Western United States and future research directions: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2191, 3 Chapters, https://doi.org/10.3133/b2191.","productDescription":"3 Chapters","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":170946,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4062,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2191/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688b33","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708972,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stillings, Lisa L. 0000-0002-9011-8891 stilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-8891","contributorId":3143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stillings","given":"Lisa L.","email":"stilling@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":708973,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175192,"text":"70175192 - 2002 - A comment on the use of flushing time, residence time, and age as transport time scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T07:49:25","indexId":"70175192","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comment on the use of flushing time, residence time, and age as transport time scales","docAbstract":"Applications of transport time scales are pervasive in biological, hydrologic, and geochemical studies yet these times scales are not consistently defined and applied with rigor in the literature. We compare three transport time scales (flushing time, age, and residence time) commonly used to measure the retention of water or scalar quantities transported with water. We identify the underlying assumptions associated with each time scale, describe procedures for computing these time scales in idealized cases, and identify pitfalls when real-world systems deviate from these idealizations. We then apply the time scale definitions to a shallow 378 ha tidal lake to illustrate how deviations between real water bodies and the idealized examples can result from: (1) non-steady flow; (2) spatial variability in bathymetry, circulation, and transport time scales; and (3) tides that introduce complexities not accounted for in the idealized cases. These examples illustrate that no single transport time scale is valid for all time periods, locations, and constituents, and no one time scale describes all transport processes. We encourage aquatic scientists to rigorously define the transport time scale when it is applied, identify the underlying assumptions in the application of that concept, and ask if those assumptions are valid in the application of that approach for computing transport time scales in real systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASLO","doi":"10.4319/lo.2002.47.5.1545","usgsCitation":"Monsen, N.E., Cloern, J.E., Lucas, L.V., and Monismith, S., 2002, A comment on the use of flushing time, residence time, and age as transport time scales: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 47, no. 5, p. 1545-1553, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2002.47.5.1545.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1545","endPage":"1553","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2002.47.5.1545","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325925,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-09-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a1c42ce4b006cb45552be2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monsen, Nancy E.","contributorId":173324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monsen","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lucas, Lisa V.","contributorId":80992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monismith, Stephen G.","contributorId":57228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monismith","given":"Stephen G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175040,"text":"70175040 - 2002 - The effects of decreasing trace metal concentrations on benthic community structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T14:10:15","indexId":"70175040","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"The effects of decreasing trace metal concentrations on benthic community structure","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"San Francisco State University","usgsCitation":"Shouse, M., 2002, The effects of decreasing trace metal concentrations on benthic community structure, 177 p.","productDescription":"177 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5799db7ee4b0589fa1c7eb63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shouse, M. K.","contributorId":173205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shouse","given":"M. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}