{"pageNumber":"2977","pageRowStart":"74400","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":53892,"text":"53892 - 2002 - Invasive plant species: Inventory, mapping, and monitoring - A national strategy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-28T09:21:25","indexId":"53892","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":37,"text":"Information and Technology Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2002-0006","title":"Invasive plant species: Inventory, mapping, and monitoring - A national strategy","docAbstract":"<p>America is under siege by invasive species of plants and animals, and by diseases. The current environmental, economic, and health-related costs of invasive species could exceed $138 billion per year-more than all other natural disasters combined. Notorious examples include West Nile virus, Dutch elm disease, chestnut blight, and purple loose- strife in the Northeast; kudzu, Brazilian peppertree, water hyacinth, nutria, and fire ants in the Southeast; zebra mussels, leafy spurge, and Asian long-horn beetles in the Midwest; salt cedar, Russian olive, and Africanized bees in the Southwest; yellow star thistle, European wild oats, oak wilt disease, Asian clams, and white pine blister rust in California; cheatgrass, various knapweeds, and thistles in the Great Basin; whirling disease of salmonids in the Northwest; hundreds of invasive species from microbes to mammals in Hawaii; and the brown tree snake in Guam. Thousands of species from other countries are introduced intentionally or accidentally into the United States each year. Based on past experience, 10-15 percent can be expected to establish free-living populations and about 1 percent can be expected to cause significant impacts to ecosystems, native species, economic productivity, and (or) human health.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Ludke, J.L., D’Erchia, F., Coffelt, J., and Hanson, L., 2002, Invasive plant species: Inventory, mapping, and monitoring - A national strategy: Information and Technology Report 2002-0006, iv, 15 p.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178203,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cf24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ludke, J. Larry","contributorId":63467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludke","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Larry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"D’Erchia, Frank fderchia@usgs.gov","contributorId":1161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Erchia","given":"Frank","email":"fderchia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5077,"text":"Northwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coffelt, Jan","contributorId":43851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coffelt","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanson, Leanne hansonl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Leanne","email":"hansonl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024266,"text":"70024266 - 2002 - Seasonal and spatial patterns in diurnal cycles in streamflow in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70024266","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal and spatial patterns in diurnal cycles in streamflow in the western United States","docAbstract":"The diurnal cycle in streamflow constitutes a significant part of the variability in many rivers in the western United States and can be used to understand some of the dominant processes affecting the water balance of a given river basin. Rivers in which water is added diurnally, as in snowmelt, and rivers in which water is removed diurnally, as in evapotranspiration and infiltration, exhibit substantial differences in the timing, relative magnitude, and shape of their diurnal flow variations. Snowmelt-dominated rivers achieve their highest sustained flow and largest diurnal fluctuations during the spring melt season. These fluctuations are characterized by sharp rises and gradual declines in discharge each day. In large snowmelt-dominated basins, at the end of the melt season, the hour of maximum discharge shifts to later in the day as the snow line retreats to higher elevations. Many evapotranspiration/infiltration-dominated rivers in the western states achieve their highest sustained flows during the winter rainy season but exhibit their strongest diurnal cycles during summer months, when discharge is low, and the diurnal fluctuations compose a large percentage of the total flow. In contrast to snowmelt-dominated rivers, the maximum discharge in evapotranspiration/infiltration-dominated rivers occurs consistently in the morning throughout the summer. In these rivers, diurnal changes are characterized by a gradual rise and sharp decline each day.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0591:SASPID>2.0.CO;2","issn":"1525755X","usgsCitation":"Lundquist, J., and Cayan, D., 2002, Seasonal and spatial patterns in diurnal cycles in streamflow in the western United States: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 3, no. 5, p. 591-603, https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0591:SASPID>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"591","endPage":"603","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478748,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0591:saspid>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207006,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0591:SASPID>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":231536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8876e4b08c986b3169ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lundquist, J.D.","contributorId":93243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundquist","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":400626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001734,"text":"1001734 - 2002 - Animal lifespan and human influence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T09:52:16","indexId":"1001734","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":630,"text":"Acta Ecologica Sinica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Animal lifespan and human influence","docAbstract":"Lifespan differs radically among organisms ever lived on earth, even among those roughly similar in size, shape, form, and physiology; Yet, in general, there exists a strong positive relationship between lifespan and body size. Although lifespans of humans and human-related (domestic) animals are becoming increasingly longer than that of other animals of similar sizes, the slope of the regression (lifespan-body size) line and the intercepts have been surprisingly stable over the course of the dramatic human population growth, indicating substantial depression in lifespans of many other animals probably due to shrunk and fragmented natural habitats. This article addresses two questions related to the lifespan-size relationship: (1) what caused the exceptions (e.g., a few remote human-related animals are also located above the regression line with great residuals) and why (e.g., could brain size or intelligence be a covariate in addition to body size in predicting lifespan?), and (2) whether continued human activities can eventually alter the ' natural' regression line in the future, and if so, how much. We also suggest similar research efforts to be extended to the plant world as well.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Ecologica Sinica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Guo, Q., and Yang, S., 2002, Animal lifespan and human influence: Acta Ecologica Sinica, v. 22, p. 1991-1994.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1991","endPage":"1994","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688263","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guo, Q.","contributorId":67039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yang, S.","contributorId":13588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001874,"text":"1001874 - 2002 - First record of loosely coiled valve snail in North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T10:06:23","indexId":"1001874","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"First record of loosely coiled valve snail in North Dakota","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Prairie Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hanson, B., Euliss, N., and Mushet, D., 2002, First record of loosely coiled valve snail in North Dakota: Prairie Naturalist, v. 34, no. 1/2, p. 63-65.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"65","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1/2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3cd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, B.A.","contributorId":40553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Euliss, N.H. Jr.","contributorId":54917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"N.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mushet, D.M. 0000-0002-5910-2744","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":59377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024628,"text":"70024628 - 2002 - Gold deposits of the northern margin of the North China craton: Multiple late Paleozoic-Mesozoic mineralizing events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T17:41:50","indexId":"70024628","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gold deposits of the northern margin of the North China craton: Multiple late Paleozoic-Mesozoic mineralizing events","docAbstract":"<p>The northern margin of the North China craton is well-endowed with lode gold deposits hosting a resource of approximately 900&nbsp;tonnes (t) of gold. The ~1,500-km-long region is characterized by east-trending blocks of metamorphosed Archean and Proterozoic strata that were episodically uplifted during Variscan, Indosinian, and Yanshanian deformational and magmatic events. At least 12 gold deposits from the Daqinshan, Yan-Liao (includes the Zhangjiakou, Yanshan, and Chifeng gold districts), and Changbaishan gold provinces contain resources of 20–100&nbsp;t Au each. Most deposits are hosted in uplifted blocks of Precambrian metamorphic rocks, although felsic Paleozoic and Mesozoic plutons are typically proximal and host ~30% of the deposits. The lodes are characterized by sulfide-poor quartz veins in brittle structures with low base metal values and high Au:Ag ratios. Although phyllic alteration is most common, intensive alkali feldspar metasomatism characterizes the Wulashan, Dongping, and Zhongshangou deposits, but is apparently coeval with Variscan alkalic magmatism only at Wulashan. Stepwise <sup>40</sup>Ar–<sup>39</sup>Ar geochronology on 16 samples from gangue and alteration phases, combined with unpublished SHRIMP U–Pb dates on associated granitoids, suggest that gold mineralizing events occurred during Variscan, Indosinian, and Yanshanian orogenies at circa 350, 250, 200, 180, 150, and 129&nbsp;Ma. However, widespread Permo-Triassic (~250&nbsp;Ma) and Early Jurassic (~180&nbsp;Ma) thermal events caused variable resetting of most of the white mica and K-feldspar argon spectra, as well as previously reported K–Ar determinations. Compiled and new stable isotope and fluid inclusion data show that most δ<sup>18</sup>O values for ore-stage veins range from 8 to 14‰, indicating a fluid in equilibrium with the Precambrian metamorphic basement rocks; δD values from fluid inclusions range widely from –64 to –154‰, which is indicative of a local meteoric component in some veins; and highly variable δ<sup>34</sup>S data (+7 to –17‰), even within individual deposits, indicate various local country-rock sources for sulfur. Fluid inclusions from all districts show variable homogenization temperatures between 240 and 400&nbsp;°C, and are consistently characterized by low salinity, H<sub>2</sub>O–CO<sub>2</sub> ± CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub> solutions. Although the data are largely consistent with that from orogenic gold veins, intrusion-related veins and epithermal veins are also recognized. The multiple episodes of mineralization are coincident with episodic tectonic reactivations and associated magmatism along the northern margin of the North China craton.<br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00126-001-0239-2","usgsCitation":"Hart, C.J., Goldfarb, R.J., Qiu, Y., Snee, L., Miller, L.D., and Miller, M.L., 2002, Gold deposits of the northern margin of the North China craton: Multiple late Paleozoic-Mesozoic mineralizing events: Mineralium Deposita, v. 37, no. 3-4, p. 326-351, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-001-0239-2.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"326","endPage":"351","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2986e4b0c8380cd5aa05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Craig J. R.","contributorId":36811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hart","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":402005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Qiu, Yumin","contributorId":70962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qiu","given":"Yumin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snee, Lawrence W.","contributorId":81534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"Lawrence W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Lance D.","contributorId":30287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Lance","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942 mlmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti","email":"mlmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":402008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70024833,"text":"70024833 - 2002 - In situ acoustic and laboratory ultrasonic sound speed and attenuation measured in heterogeneous soft seabed sediments: Eel River shelf, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024833","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ acoustic and laboratory ultrasonic sound speed and attenuation measured in heterogeneous soft seabed sediments: Eel River shelf, California","docAbstract":"We compared in situ and laboratory velocity and attenuation values measured in seafloor sediments from the shallow water delta of the Eel River, California. This region receives a substantial volume of fluvial sediment that is discharged annually onto the shelf. Additionally, a high input of fluvial sediments during storms generates flood deposits that are characterized by thin beds of variable grain-sizes between the 40- and 90-m isobaths. The main objectives of this study were (1) to investigate signatures of seafloor processes on geoacoustic and physical properties, and (2) to evaluate differences between geoacoustic parameters measured in situ at acoustic (7.5 kHz) and in the laboratory at ultrasonic (400 kHz) frequencies. The in situ acoustic measurements were conducted between 60 and 100 m of water depth. Wet-bulk density and porosity profiles were obtained to 1.15 m below seafloor (m bsf) using gravity cores of the mostly cohesive fine-grained sediments across- and along-shelf. Physical and geoacoustic properties from six selected sites obtained on the Eel margin revealed the following. (1) Sound speed and wet-bulk density strongly correlated in most cases. (2) Sediment compaction with depth generally led to increased sound speed and density, while porosity and in situ attenuation values decreased. (3) Sound speed was higher in coarser- than in finer-grained sediments, on a maximum average by 80 m s-1. (4) In coarse-grained sediments sound speed was higher in the laboratory (1560 m s-1) than in situ (1520 m s-1). In contrast, average ultrasonic and in situ sound speed in fine-grained sediments showed only little differences (both approximately 1480 m s-1). (5) Greater attenuation was commonly measured in the laboratory (0.4 and 0.8 dB m-1 kHz-1) than in situ (0.02 and 0.65 dB m-1 kHz-1), and remained almost constant below 0.4 m bsf. We attributed discrepancies between laboratory ultrasonic and in situ acoustic measurements to a frequency dependence of velocity and attenuation. In addition, laboratory attenuation was most likely enhanced due to scattering of sound waves at heterogeneities that were on the scale of ultrasonic wavelengths. In contrast, high in situ attenuation values were linked to stratigraphic scattering at thin-bed layers that form along with flood deposits. ?? 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00230-4","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Gorgas, T., Wilkens, R., Fu, S., Neil, F.L., Richardson, M.D., Briggs, K., and Lee, H., 2002, In situ acoustic and laboratory ultrasonic sound speed and attenuation measured in heterogeneous soft seabed sediments: Eel River shelf, California: Marine Geology, v. 182, no. 1-2, p. 103-119, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00230-4.","startPage":"103","endPage":"119","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478618,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.525.5643","text":"External Repository"},{"id":207960,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00230-4"},{"id":233283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"182","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3996e4b0c8380cd61989","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gorgas, T.J.","contributorId":82194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorgas","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilkens, R.H.","contributorId":77727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkens","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fu, S.S.","contributorId":64961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fu","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neil, Frazer L.","contributorId":32412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neil","given":"Frazer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Richardson, M. D.","contributorId":88094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Briggs, K.B.","contributorId":52368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lee, H.","contributorId":40739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70025042,"text":"70025042 - 2002 - Coalbed gas play emerges in eastern Kansas basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-19T16:46:40","indexId":"70025042","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2941,"text":"Oil & Gas Journal","printIssn":"0030-1388","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coalbed gas play emerges in eastern Kansas basins","docAbstract":"Coalbed gas from Middle Pennsylvanian rocks in eastern Kansas is an emerging new energy play. Many of the critical geological parameters that will prove to be the major controls on the production fairways of this potential new resource have yet to be determined. Nevertheless, preliminary analyses indicate that recent leasing and exploration may translate into long-term production of new gas resources in what was hitherto considered a supermature petroleum province.","language":"English","publisher":"PennWell Corporation","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Newell, K., Brady, L.L., Lange, J., and Carr, T., 2002, Coalbed gas play emerges in eastern Kansas basins: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 100, no. 52, p. 36-41.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"41","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351780,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-100/issue-52/exploration-development/coalbed-gas-play-emerges-in-eastern-kansas-basins.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","volume":"100","issue":"52","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f76de4b0c8380cd4caf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newell, K.D.","contributorId":76473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brady, L. L.","contributorId":33711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lange, J.P.","contributorId":77429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lange","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carr, T.R.","contributorId":37094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70175706,"text":"70175706 - 2002 - The influence of sylvatic plague on North American wildlife at the landscape level, with special emphasis on black-footed ferret and prairie dog conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-18T11:35:36","indexId":"70175706","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The influence of sylvatic plague on North American wildlife at the landscape level, with special emphasis on black-footed ferret and prairie dog conservation","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the 67th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"67th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","conferenceLocation":"Dallas, TX","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Management Institute","usgsCitation":"Antolin, M., Gober, P., Luce, B., Biggins, D.E., van Pelt, W., Seery, D., Lockhart, M., and Ball, M., 2002, The influence of sylvatic plague on North American wildlife at the landscape level, with special emphasis on black-footed ferret and prairie dog conservation, <i>in</i> Transactions of the 67th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, Dallas, TX, p. 104-127.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"104","endPage":"127","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326812,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc70e4b03fd6b7d94c9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Antolin, M.F.","contributorId":101450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antolin","given":"M.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gober, P.","contributorId":173826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gober","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luce, Bob","contributorId":19733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luce","given":"Bob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biggins, D. E.","contributorId":8781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Pelt, W.E.","contributorId":73013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Pelt","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Seery, D.B.","contributorId":83480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seery","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lockhart, M.","contributorId":173828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lockhart","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ball, M.","contributorId":173830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ball","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":1015284,"text":"1015284 - 2002 - Visitor reponse to demonstration fees at National Wildlife Refuges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-13T17:30:33","indexId":"1015284","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Visitor reponse to demonstration fees at National Wildlife Refuges","docAbstract":"<p><span>In response to a request from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, we examined the likelihood of visitors changing their plans for future visits to National Wildlife Refuges (NWR) because of changes in entrance or use fees. We obtained data for this study from 3,173 respondents from 14 NWRs between 1998 and 2000. Overall, only 8% of all respondents reported potential displacement as a likely response to fee changes. Bivariate analyses indicated that displacement was related to the NWR visited, participation in consumptive or nonconsumptive activities, amount of fees paid, and respondents' income, but the strength of these relationships was weak. Beliefs about the fee program and attitude toward fees paid were better predictors of displacement potential. Multivariate log-linear analysis highlighted significant interactions among the variables and complexity of understanding the displacement process.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Taylor, J.G., Vaske, J., Shelby, L., Donnelly, M., and Browne, C.M., 2002, Visitor reponse to demonstration fees at National Wildlife Refuges: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 30, no. 4, p. 1238-1244.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1238","endPage":"1244","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15187,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3784293","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"3100.000000000000000"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdb76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, J. G.","contributorId":33671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"J.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vaske, J.J.","contributorId":99514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaske","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shelby, L.B.","contributorId":29779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelby","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Donnelly, M.P.","contributorId":8053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Browne, Cassandra M.","contributorId":80627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Browne","given":"Cassandra","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12811,"text":"Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas, Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":322759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1000945,"text":"1000945 - 2002 - Hydrologic variability and the application of Index of Biotic Integrity metrics to wetlands: a Great Lakes evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T10:10:38","indexId":"1000945","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic variability and the application of Index of Biotic Integrity metrics to wetlands: a Great Lakes evaluation","docAbstract":"<p>Interest by land-management and regulatory agencies in using biological indicators to detect wetland degradation, coupled with ongoing use of this approach to assess water quality in streams, led to the desire to develop and evaluate an Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) for wetlands that could be used to categorize the level of degradation. We undertook this challenge with data from coastal wetlands of the Great Lakes, which have been degraded by a variety of human disturbances. We studied six barrier beach wetlands in western Lake Superior, six drowned-river-mouth wetlands along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan, and six open shoreline wetlands in Saginaw Bay of Lake Huron. Plant, fish, and invertebrate communities were sampled in each wetland. The resulting data were assessed in various forms against gradients of human disturbance to identify potential metrics that could be used in IBI development. Our results suggested that the metrics proposed as potential components of an IBI for barrier beach wetlands of Lake Superior held promise. The metrics for Lake Michigan drowned-river-mouth wetlands were inconsistent in identifying gradients of disturbance; those for Lake Huron open embayment wetlands were yet more inconsistent. Despite the potential displayed by the Lake Superior results within the year sampled, we concluded that an IBI for use in Great Lakes wetlands would not be valid unless separate scoring ranges were derived for each of several sequences of water-level histories. Variability in lake levels from year to year can produce variability in data and affect the reproducibility of data collected, primarily due to extreme changes in plant communities and the faunal habitat they provide. Substantially different results could be obtained in the same wetland in different years as a result of the response to lake-level change, with no change in the level of human disturbance. Additional problems included limited numbers of comparable sites, potential lack of undisturbed reference sites, and variable effects of different disturbance types. We also evaluated our conclusions with respect to hydrologic variability and other major natural disturbances affecting wetlands in other regions. We concluded that after segregation of wetland types by geographic, geomorphic, and hydrologic features, a functional IBI may be possible for wetlands with relatively stable hydrology. However, an IBI for wetlands with unpredictable yet recurring influences of climate-induced, long-term high water periods, droughts, or drought-related fires or weather-related catastrophic floods or high winds (hurricanes) would also require differing scales of measurement for years that differ in the length of time since the last major natural disturbance. A site-specific, detailed ecological analysis of biological indicators may indeed be of value in determining the quality or status of wetlands, but we recommend that IBI scores not be used unless the scoring ranges are calibrated for the specific hydrologic history pre-dating any sampling year.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Society of Wetland Scientists","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0588:HVATAO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wilcox, D.A., Meeker, J.E., Hudson, P.L., Armitage, B.J., Black, M.G., and Uzarski, D.G., 2002, Hydrologic variability and the application of Index of Biotic Integrity metrics to wetlands: a Great Lakes evaluation: Wetlands, v. 22, no. 3, p. 588-615, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0588:HVATAO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"588","endPage":"615","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478682,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/2298","text":"External Repository"},{"id":133581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e9b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilcox, Douglas A.","contributorId":36880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meeker, James E.","contributorId":80228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudson, Patrick L. 0000-0002-7646-443X phudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-443X","contributorId":5616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Patrick","email":"phudson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Armitage, Brian J.","contributorId":59747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armitage","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Black, M. Glen gblack@usgs.gov","contributorId":2394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"M.","email":"gblack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Glen","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Uzarski, Donald G.","contributorId":44510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uzarski","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1008243,"text":"1008243 - 2002 - Distribution and movements of female northern pintails radiotagged in San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-29T16:14:33","indexId":"1008243","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and movements of female northern pintails radiotagged in San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"<p>To improve understanding of northern pintail (Anas acuta) distribution in central California (CCA), we radiotagged 191 Hatch-Year (HY) and 228 After-Hatch-Year (AHY) female northern pintails during late August-early October, 1991-1993, in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) and studied their movements through March each year. Nearly all (94.3%) wintered in CCA, but 5.7% went to southern California, Mexico, or unknown areas; all that went south left before hunting season. Of the 395 radiotagged pintails that wintered in CCA, 83% flew from the SJV north to other CCA areas (i.e., Sacramento Valley [SACV], Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta [Delta], Suisun Marsh, San Francisco Bay) during September-January; most went during December. Movements coincid- ed with start of hunting seasons and were related to pintail age, mass, capture location, study year, and weather. Among pintails with less than average mass, AHY individuals tended to leave the SJV earlier than HY individuals. Weekly distribution was similar among capture locations and years but a greater percentage of pintails radiotagged in Tulare Basin (south part of SJV) were known to have (10.3% vs. 0.9%) or probably (13.8% vs. 4.6%) wintered south of CCA than pintails radiotagged in northern SJV areas (i.e., Grassland Ecological Area [EA] and Mendota Wildlife Area [WA]). Also, a greater percentage of SJV pintails went to other CCA areas before hunting season in the drought year of 1991-1992 than later years (10% vs. 3-5%). The percent of radiotagged pintails from Grass- land EA known to have gone south of CCA also was greater during 1991-1992 than later years (2% vs. 0%), but both the known (19% vs. 4%) and probable (23% vs. 12%) percent from Tulare Basin that went south was greatest during 1993-1994, when availability of flooded fields there was lowest. The probability of pintails leaving the SJV was 57% (95% CI = 8-127%) greater on days with than without rain, and more movements per bird out of SJV occurred in years with more rain and fog but fewer days with southerly winds. Movements by pintails and changes in pintail distributions, direct recovery distributions, and harvest rates suggest the disproportionate decline of pin- tails in Tulare Basin was due to a lower percentage of pintails moving there in fall and a greater percentage or ear- lier movements north and south out of Tulare Basin. With fewer in Tulare Basin to replace Grasslands EA pintails going north in December, pintail abundance in the northern SJV declined during late winter. Changes in move- ment patterns correspond to habitat loss in Tulare Basin and increased habitats in SACV and western mainland Mexico. Habitat improvements, especially in Tulare Basin, that increase food, sanctuary, and winter survival would probably help restore pintails throughout the SJV.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802880","usgsCitation":"Fleskes, J.P., Jarvis, R.L., and Gilmer, D.S., 2002, Distribution and movements of female northern pintails radiotagged in San Joaquin Valley, California: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 66, no. 1, p. 138-152, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802880.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"138","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64964f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleskes, Joseph P. 0000-0001-5388-6675 joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-6675","contributorId":1889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"Joseph","email":"joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":317132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarvis, Robert L.","contributorId":112518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvis","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilmer, David S.","contributorId":59508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1000848,"text":"1000848 - 2002 - Application of truss analysis for the quantification of changes in fish condition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-05T11:32:58","indexId":"1000848","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2179,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of truss analysis for the quantification of changes in fish condition","docAbstract":"Conservation of skeletal structure and unique body ratios in fishes facilitated the development of truss analysis as a taxonomic tool to separate physically-similar species.  The methodology is predicated on the measurement of across-body distances from a sequential series of connected polygons.  Changes in body shape or condition among members of the same species can be quantified with the same technique, and we conducted a feeding experiment using yellow perch (<i>Perca flavescens</i>) to examine the utility of this approach.  Ration size was used as a surrogate for fish condition, with fish receiving either a high (3.0% body wt/d) or a low ration (0.5%).  Sequentially over our 11-week experiment, replicate ration groups of fish were removed and photographed while control fish were repeatedly weighed and measured.  Standard indices of condition (total lipids, weight-length ratios, Fulton's condition) were compared to truss measurements determined from digitized pictures of fish.  Condition indices showed similarity between rations while truss measures from the caudal region were important for quantifying changing body shape.  These findings identify truss analysis as having use beyond traditional applications.  It can potentially be used as a cheap, accurate, and precise descriptor of fish condition in the lab as shown here, and we hypothesize that it would be applicable in field studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1023/A:1014438510692","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Fitzgerald, D.G., Nanson, J.W., Todd, T.N., and Davis, B.M., 2002, Application of truss analysis for the quantification of changes in fish condition: Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery, v. 9, no. 2, p. 115-125, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014438510692.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266989,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1014438510692"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a591","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzgerald, Dean G.","contributorId":98277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"Dean","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nanson, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":79849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nanson","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Todd, Thomas N.","contributorId":42547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Bruce M. bmdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":4227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Bruce","email":"bmdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1008618,"text":"1008618 - 2002 - Estimating the number of females with cubs-of-the-year in the Yellowstone grizzly bear population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:26","indexId":"1008618","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the number of females with cubs-of-the-year in the Yellowstone grizzly bear population","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ursus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Keating, K., Schwartz, C., Haroldson, M., and Moody, D., 2002, Estimating the number of females with cubs-of-the-year in the Yellowstone grizzly bear population: Ursus, v. 13, p. 161-174.","productDescription":"p. 161-174","startPage":"161","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc1ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keating, K.A.","contributorId":44500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keating","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, C.C.","contributorId":33658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haroldson, M.A. 0000-0002-7457-7676","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676","contributorId":108047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haroldson","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moody, D.","contributorId":42562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":85938,"text":"85938 - 2002 - Sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) perspective: Part A. Sea otter population status and the process of recovery from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":85938,"text":"85938 - 2002 - Sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) perspective: Part A. Sea otter population status and the process of recovery from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill","indexId":"85938","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"3A","title":"Sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) perspective: Part A. Sea otter population status and the process of recovery from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70188451,"text":"70188451 - 2002 - Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill","indexId":"70188451","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70188451,"text":"70188451 - 2002 - Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill","indexId":"70188451","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T14:53:53","indexId":"85938","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"chapter":"3A","title":"Sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) perspective: Part A. Sea otter population status and the process of recovery from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill","docAbstract":"<p>Sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) populations were severely affected by the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill in western Prince William Sound, AK, and had not fully recovered by 2000. Here we present results of population surveys and incorporate findings from related studies to identify current population status and factors affecting recovery. Between 1993 and 2000, the number of sea otters in the spill-area of Prince William Sound increased by about 600 to nearly 2700. However, at Knight Island, where oil exposure and sea otter mortality in 1989 approached 0.90, no increase has been observed. Sea otter reproduction was not impaired and the age and sex structure of animals captured are consistent with both intrinsic reproduction and immigration contributing to recovery. However, low resighting rates of marked animals at Knight Island compared to an unoiled reference area, and a high proportion of young animals in beach cast carcasses through 1998, suggest that the lack of recovery was caused by relatively poor survival or emigration of potential recruits. Significantly higher levels of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A), a biomarker of hydrocarbons, were found in sea otters at Knight Island in 1996-98 compared to unoiled Montague Island, implicating oil effects in the lack of recovery at Knight Island. Delayed recovery does not appear to be directly related to food limitation. Although food availability was relatively low at both oiled and unoiled areas, we detected significant increases in sea otter abundance only at Montague Island, a finding inconsistent with food as a principal limiting factor. Persistent oil in habitats and prey provides a source of continued oil exposure and, combined with relatively low prey densities, suggests a potential interaction between oil and food. However, sea otters foraged more successfully at Knight Island and young females were in better condition than those at Montague Island. We conclude that progress toward recovery of sea otters in Prince William Sound is evident, but that in areas where initial oil effects were greatest, recovery may be constrained by residual spill effects, resulting in elevated mortality and emigration. It is evident that internal reproduction and immigration of juveniles has been the primary means of population recovery, as opposed to broad scale redistribution of adults from outside affected areas. The result is a recovery period protracted by long-term spill effects on survival and emigration and intrinsic limits to population growth.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mechanisms of impact and potential recovery of nearshore vertebrate predators following the 1989 <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"<i>Exxon Valdez</i> Oil Spill Trustee Council","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., Ballachey, B.E., Dean, T.A., Fukuyama, A.K., Jewett, S.C., McDonald, L.L., Monson, D., O’Clair, C.E., and VanBlaricom, G.R., 2002, Sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) perspective: Part A. Sea otter population status and the process of recovery from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill, 28 p.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"3A.1","endPage":"3A.28","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342357,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.evostc.state.ak.us/index.cfm?FA=searchresults.projectInfo&Project_ID=630"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -149.150390625,\n              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jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dean, Thomas 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,{"id":1008328,"text":"1008328 - 2002 - Alien plants and fire in desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) habitat of the Mojave and Colorado Deserts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:39","indexId":"1008328","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1210,"text":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alien plants and fire in desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) habitat of the Mojave and Colorado Deserts","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Brooks, M., and Esque, T., 2002, Alien plants and fire in desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) habitat of the Mojave and Colorado Deserts: Chelonian Conservation and Biology, v. 4, p. 330-340.","productDescription":"p. 330-340","startPage":"330","endPage":"340","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688078","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, M.L.","contributorId":70322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esque, T. C. 0000-0002-4166-6234","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234","contributorId":76250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"T. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015220,"text":"1015220 - 2002 - Ecological restoration of southwestern ponderosa pine ecosystems: A broad perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T13:42:47","indexId":"1015220","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecological restoration of southwestern ponderosa pine ecosystems: A broad perspective","docAbstract":"<p>The purpose of this paper is to promote a broad and flexible perspective on ecological restoration of Southwestern (U.S.) ponderosa pine forests. Ponderosa pine forests in the region have been radically altered by Euro-American land uses, including livestock grazing, fire suppression, and logging. Dense thickets of young trees now abound, old-growth and biodiversity have declined, and human and ecological communities are increasingly vulnerable to destructive crown fires. A consensus has emerged that it is urgent to restore more natural conditions to these forests. Efforts to restore Southwestern forests will require extensive projects employing varying combinations of young-tree thinning and reintroduction of low-intensity fires. Treatments must be flexible enough to recognize and accommodate: high levels of natural heterogeneity; dynamic ecosystems; wildlife and other biodiversity considerations; scientific uncertainty; and the challenges of on-the-ground implementation. Ecological restoration should reset ecosystem trends toward an envelope of “natural variability,” including the reestablishment of natural processes. Reconstructed historic reference conditions are best used as general guides rather than rigid restoration prescriptions. In the long term, the best way to align forest conditions to track ongoing climate changes is to restore fire, which naturally correlates with current climate. Some stands need substantial structural manipulation (thinning) before fire can safely be reintroduced. In other areas, such as large wilderness and roadless areas, fire alone may suffice as the main tool of ecological restoration, recreating the natural interaction of structure and process. Impatience, overreaction to crown fire risks, extractive economics, or hubris could lead to widespread application of highly intrusive treatments that may further damage forest ecosystems. Investments in research and monitoring of restoration treatments are essential to refine restoration methods. We support the development and implementation of a diverse range of scientifically viable restoration approaches in these forests, suggest principles for ecologically sound restoration that immediately reduce crown fire risk and incrementally return natural variability and resilience to Southwestern forests, and present ecological perspectives on several forest restoration approaches.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[1418:EROSPP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Allen, C.D., Savage, M., Falk, D.A., Suckling, K.F., Swetnam, T.W., Schulke, T., Stacey, P.B., Morgan, P., Hoffman, M., and Klingel, J.T., 2002, Ecological restoration of southwestern ponderosa pine ecosystems: A broad perspective: Ecological Applications, v. 12, no. 5, p. 1418-1433, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[1418:EROSPP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1418","endPage":"1433","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132973,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350526,"rank":2,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70194845","text":"USGS Publications Warehouse citation page for republication","linkHelpText":"This article was republished in the book <i>Wildfire: A century of failed forest policy</i> (Island Press, 2006)"}],"volume":"12","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627bf9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, Melissa","contributorId":174055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savage","given":"Melissa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Falk, Donald A.","contributorId":197570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Falk","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Suckling, Kieran F.","contributorId":22297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suckling","given":"Kieran","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swetnam, Thomas W.","contributorId":191872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swetnam","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schulke, Todd","contributorId":26659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schulke","given":"Todd","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stacey, Peter B.","contributorId":56608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stacey","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Morgan, Penelope","contributorId":127585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan","given":"Penelope","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hoffman, Martos","contributorId":73743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Martos","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Klingel, Jon T.","contributorId":36904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klingel","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":1008187,"text":"1008187 - 2002 - Estimates of carrying capacity for sea otters in Washington state","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:05","indexId":"1008187","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of carrying capacity for sea otters in Washington state","docAbstract":"Analyses of eggs of three species of North American accipitrine hawks for organochlorines and heavy metals indicate that contamination with DDE may be the primary cause of recent population declines of two of the species, Cooper's hawk and sharp-shinned hawk.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Laidre, K., Jameson, R., Jeffries, S., Hobbs, R., Bowlby, C., and VanBlaricom, G., 2002, Estimates of carrying capacity for sea otters in Washington state: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 30, no. 4, p. 1172-1181.","productDescription":"p. 1172-1181","startPage":"1172","endPage":"1181","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcb2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laidre, K.L.","contributorId":88319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laidre","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jameson, R.J.","contributorId":56581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jameson","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jeffries, S.J.","contributorId":26262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffries","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hobbs, R.C.","contributorId":69512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobbs","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bowlby, C.E.","contributorId":81858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowlby","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"VanBlaricom, G.R.","contributorId":94239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanBlaricom","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1015264,"text":"1015264 - 2002 - New host and locality records of bat ectoparasites from Arizona and New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T09:33:02","indexId":"1015264","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New host and locality records of bat ectoparasites from Arizona and New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.<br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","doi":"10.2307/3672503","usgsCitation":"Ritzi, C., Valdez, E., and Sparks, D.W., 2002, New host and locality records of bat ectoparasites from Arizona and New Mexico: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 47, no. 3, p. 453-456, https://doi.org/10.2307/3672503.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"453","endPage":"456","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, New Mexico","volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69774c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ritzi, C.M.","contributorId":63769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritzi","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valdez, E.W.","contributorId":13581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdez","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sparks, D. W.","contributorId":99926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparks","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008279,"text":"1008279 - 2002 - An evaluation of the distribution and abundance of Common Ravens at Joshua Tree National Monument","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:24","indexId":"1008279","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1136,"text":"Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of the distribution and abundance of Common Ravens at Joshua Tree National Monument","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Boarman, W., and Coe, S., 2002, An evaluation of the distribution and abundance of Common Ravens at Joshua Tree National Monument: Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, v. 101, p. 86-102.","productDescription":"p. 86-102","startPage":"86","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":130964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684887","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boarman, W.I.","contributorId":73523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boarman","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coe, S.J.","contributorId":68242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015255,"text":"1015255 - 2002 - Role analysis to initiate citizen involvement: A case study of the Wyoming grizzly bear management planning process","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-24T13:41:56","indexId":"1015255","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1909,"text":"Human Dimensions of Wildlife","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role analysis to initiate citizen involvement: A case study of the Wyoming grizzly bear management planning process","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.<br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ponds, P., and Burkardt, N., 2002, Role analysis to initiate citizen involvement: A case study of the Wyoming grizzly bear management planning process: Human Dimensions of Wildlife, v. 7, no. 4, p. 301-302.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"302","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132361,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe603","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponds, P.D.","contributorId":96218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponds","given":"P.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkardt, N.","contributorId":13913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkardt","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016167,"text":"1016167 - 2002 - Consumption of wasps and bees by Yellowstone grizzly bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T15:46:26","indexId":"1016167","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Consumption of wasps and bees by Yellowstone grizzly bears","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.<br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Northwest Scientific Association","usgsCitation":"Mattson, D., 2002, Consumption of wasps and bees by Yellowstone grizzly bears: Northwest Science, v. 76, no. 2, p. 166-172.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"166","endPage":"172","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2708","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattson, D.J.","contributorId":57022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1008270,"text":"1008270 - 2002 - Is Gopherus agassizii a desert-adapted tortoise or an exaptive opportunist? Implications for tortoise conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:23","indexId":"1008270","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1210,"text":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is Gopherus agassizii a desert-adapted tortoise or an exaptive opportunist? Implications for tortoise conservation","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Morafka, D., and Berry, K., 2002, Is Gopherus agassizii a desert-adapted tortoise or an exaptive opportunist? Implications for tortoise conservation: Chelonian Conservation and Biology, v. 4, no. 2, p. 263-287.","productDescription":"p. 263-287","startPage":"263","endPage":"287","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db66723a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morafka, D.J.","contributorId":22285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morafka","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, K.H.","contributorId":17934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015229,"text":"1015229 - 2002 - Meeting ecological and societal needs for freshwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:25:52","indexId":"1015229","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Meeting ecological and societal needs for freshwater","docAbstract":"<p>Human society has used freshwater from rivers, lakes, groundwater, and wetlands for many different urban, agricultural, and industrial activities, but in doing so has overlooked its value in supporting ecosystems. Freshwater is vital to human life and societal well-being, and thus its utilization for consumption, irrigation, and transport has long taken precedence over other commodities and services provided by freshwater ecosystems. However, there is growing recognition that functionally intact and biologically complex aquatic ecosystems provide many economically valuable services and long-term benefits to society. The short-term benefits include ecosystem goods and services, such as food supply, flood control, purification of human and industrial wastes, and habitat for plant and animal life—and these are costly, if not impossible, to replace. Long-term benefits include the sustained provision of those goods and services, as well as the adaptive capacity of aquatic ecosystems to respond to future environmental alterations, such as climate change. Thus, maintenance of the processes and properties that support freshwater ecosystem integrity should be included in debates over sustainable water resource allocation.</p><p>The purpose of this report is to explain how the integrity of freshwater ecosystems depends upon adequate quantity, quality, timing, and temporal variability of water flow. Defining these requirements in a comprehensive but general manner provides a better foundation for their inclusion in current and future debates about allocation of water resources. In this way the needs of freshwater ecosystems can be legitimately recognized and addressed. We also recommend ways in which freshwater ecosystems can be protected, maintained, and restored.</p><p>Freshwater ecosystem structure and function are tightly linked to the watershed or catchment of which they are a part. Because riverine networks, lakes, wetlands, and their connecting groundwaters, are literally the “sinks” into which landscapes drain, they are greatly influenced by terrestrial processes, including many human uses or modifications of land and water. Freshwater ecosystems, whether lakes, wetlands, or rivers, have specific requirements in terms of quantity, quality, and seasonality of their water supplies. Sustainability normally requires these systems to fluctuate within a natural range of variation. Flow regime, sediment and organic matter inputs, thermal and light characteristics, chemical and nutrient characteristics, and biotic assemblages are fundamental defining attributes of freshwater ecosystems. These attributes impart relatively unique characteristics of productivity and biodiversity to each ecosystem. The natural range of variation in each of these attributes is critical to maintaining the integrity and dynamic potential of aquatic ecosystems; therefore, management should allow for dynamic change. Piecemeal approaches cannot solve the problems confronting freshwater ecosystems.</p><p>Scientific definitions of the requirements to protect and maintain aquatic ecosystems are necessary but insufficient for establishing the appropriate distribution between societal and ecosystem water needs. For scientific knowledge to be implemented science must be connected to a political agenda for sustainable development. We offer these recommendations as a beginning to redress how water is viewed and managed in the United States: (1) Frame national and regional water management policies to explicitly incorporate freshwater ecosystem needs, particularly those related to naturally variable flow regimes and to the linking of water quality with water quantity; (2) Define water resources to include watersheds, so that freshwaters are viewed within a landscape, or systems context; (3) Increase communication and education across disciplines, especially among engineers, hydrologists, economists, and ecologists to facilitate an integrated view of freshwater resources; (4) Increase restoration efforts, using well-grounded ecological principles as guidelines; (5) Maintain and protect the remaining freshwater ecosystems that have high integrity; and (6) Recognize the dependence of human society on naturally functioning ecosystems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[1247:MEASNF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., Poff, N., Angermeier, P., Dahm, C., Gleick, P., Hairston, N., Jackson, R., Johnston, C., Richter, B.D., and Steinman, A., 2002, Meeting ecological and societal needs for freshwater: Ecological Applications, v. 12, no. 5, p. 1247-1260, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[1247:MEASNF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1247","endPage":"1260","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db610e2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poff, N.L.","contributorId":22723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poff","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Angermeier, P. 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