{"pageNumber":"2978","pageRowStart":"74425","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70024839,"text":"70024839 - 2002 - Ancient impact structures on modern continental shelves: The Chesapeake Bay, Montagnais, and Toms Canyon craters, Atlantic margin of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-16T09:24:31","indexId":"70024839","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ancient impact structures on modern continental shelves: The Chesapeake Bay, Montagnais, and Toms Canyon craters, Atlantic margin of North America","docAbstract":"Three ancient impact craters (Chesapeake Bay - 35.7 Ma; Toms Canyon - 35.7 Ma; Montagnais - 51 Ma) and one multiring impact basin (Chicxulub - 65 Ma) are currently known to be buried beneath modern continental shelves. All occur on the passive Atlantic margin of North America in regions extensively explored by seismic reflection surveys in the search for oil and gas reserves. We limit our discussion herein to the three youngest structures. These craters were created by submarine impacts, which produced many structural and morphological features similar in construction, composition, and variability to those documented in well-preserved subaerial and planetary impact craters. The subcircular Chesapeake Bay (diameter 85 km) and ovate Montagnais (diameter 45-50 km) structures display outer-rim scarps, annular troughs, peak rings, inner basins, and central peaks similar to those incorporated in the widely cited conceptual model of complex impact craters. These craters differ in several respects from the model, however. For example, the Montagnais crater lacks a raised lip on the outer rim, the Chesapeake Bay crater displays only small remnants of a raised lip, and both craters contain an unusually thick body of impact breccia. The subtriangular Toms Canyon crater (diameter 20-22 km), on the other hand, contains none of the internal features of a complex crater, nor is it typical of a simple crater. It displays a prominent raised lip on the outer rim, but the lip is present only on the western side of the crater. In addition, each of these craters contains some distinct features, which are not present in one or both of the others. For example, the central peak at Montagnais rises well above the elevation of the outer rim, whereas at Chesapeake Bay, the outer rim is higher than the central peak. The floor of the Toms Canyon crater is marked by parallel deep troughs and linear ridges formed of sedimentary rocks, whereas at Chesapeake Bay, the crater floor contains concentric faults and compression ridges formed in rocks of the crystalline basement. The Chesapeake Bay crater is distinguished further by its cluster of at least 23 adjacent secondary craters. The North American tektite strewn field, a widespread deposit of distal ejecta, is thought to be derived from the Chesapeake Bay impact, perhaps with a small contribution from the Toms Canyon impact. No ejecta field is known to be associated with the Montagnais impact. No immediate major extinction event is directly linked to any of these three impacts. There is evidence, however, that the Chesapeake Bay and Toms Canyon impacts helped initiate a long-term pulse of warm global climate, whose eventual dissipation coincided with an early Oligocene mass extinction event, 2 Ma after the impacts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00144-8","issn":"09670645","usgsCitation":"Poag, C.W., Plescia, J.B., and Molzer, P., 2002, Ancient impact structures on modern continental shelves: The Chesapeake Bay, Montagnais, and Toms Canyon craters, Atlantic margin of North America: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 49, no. 6, p. 1081-1102, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00144-8.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1081","endPage":"1102","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":207652,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00144-8"},{"id":232787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ebf6e4b0c8380cd48fd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poag, C. Wylie 0000-0002-6240-4065 wpoag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-4065","contributorId":2565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"C.","email":"wpoag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wylie","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":402807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plescia, J. B.","contributorId":15689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plescia","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Molzer, P.C.","contributorId":86514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molzer","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024084,"text":"70024084 - 2002 - Composition of cavity-nesting bird communities in montane aspen woodland fragments: The roles of landscape context and forest structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-23T16:29:05.779428","indexId":"70024084","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition of cavity-nesting bird communities in montane aspen woodland fragments: The roles of landscape context and forest structure","docAbstract":"<p>We compared cavity-nesting bird communities in aspen (<i>Populus tremuloides</i>) woodland fragments classified on the basis of vegetation structure (tree density) and landscape context (surrounding vegetation). We found very few cavity nesters in fragments predominantly surrounded by forests. Fragments adjacent to meadows contained more species and a greater abundance of cavity nesters. Species richness and abundance were higher in sparsely than in densely treed meadow fragments. Because secondary cavity nesters are often limited by cavity availability, we augmented natural cavities with nest boxes. Although only five boxes contained bird nests, these were all in sparse aspen fragments predominantly surrounded by meadows. However, we found 25 northern flying squirrel (<i>Glaucomys sabrinus</i>) nests in boxes, none of which were in sparse meadow fragments. In addition to high-lighting the importance of landscape context in avian and mammalian habitat relationships, our results suggest that predator or competitor interactions may help structure this cavity-nester community.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/condor/104.4.890","usgsCitation":"Lawler, J., and Edwards, T., 2002, Composition of cavity-nesting bird communities in montane aspen woodland fragments: The roles of landscape context and forest structure: Condor, v. 104, no. 4, p. 890-896, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.4.890.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"890","endPage":"896","costCenters":[{"id":609,"text":"Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478742,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.4.890","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Uinta Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.170654296875,\n              40.56389453066509\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.500732421875,\n              40.56389453066509\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.500732421875,\n              40.896905775860006\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.170654296875,\n              40.896905775860006\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.170654296875,\n              40.56389453066509\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f927e4b0c8380cd4d479","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawler, J.J.","contributorId":8641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawler","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, T.C. Jr. 0000-0002-0773-0909","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":76486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"T.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023816,"text":"70023816 - 2002 - Movement and habitat use of green sturgeon Acipenser medirostris in the Rogue River, Oregon, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023816","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement and habitat use of green sturgeon Acipenser medirostris in the Rogue River, Oregon, USA","docAbstract":"Green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) movement patterns and habitat use within the Rogue River, Oregon were evaluated using radio telemetry. Nineteen specimens ranging from 154 to 225 cm total length were caught by gill netting and tagged with radio transmitters during May-July 2000. One tagged green sturgeon was verified as a female near spawning condition. Individual green sturgeons spent more than 6 months in fresh water and traveled as far as river kilometer (rkm) 39.5. Green sturgeon preferred specific holding sites within the Rogue River during summer and autumn months. These sites were typically deep (> 5 m) low-gradient reaches or off-channel coves. Home ranges within holding sites were restricted. All tagged individuals emigrated from the system to the sea during the autumn and winter, when water temperatures dropped below 10??C and flows increased. This species is extremely vulnerable to habitat alterations and overfishing because it spawns in only a few North American rivers and individuals reside within extremely small areas for extended periods of time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00403.x","issn":"01758659","usgsCitation":"Erickson, D., North, J., Hightower, J., Weber, J., and Lauck, L., 2002, Movement and habitat use of green sturgeon Acipenser medirostris in the Rogue River, Oregon, USA: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 18, no. 4-6, p. 565-569, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00403.x.","startPage":"565","endPage":"569","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207482,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00403.x"},{"id":232470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f11e4b0c8380cd70d53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erickson, D.L.","contributorId":82496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"North, J.A.","contributorId":34295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"North","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hightower, J.E.","contributorId":16605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hightower","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weber, J.","contributorId":26479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lauck, L.","contributorId":98078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lauck","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024843,"text":"70024843 - 2002 - Analysis and detection of the herbicides dimethenamid and flufenacet and their sulfonic and oxanilic acid degradates in natural water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T10:37:33","indexId":"70024843","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2149,"text":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis and detection of the herbicides dimethenamid and flufenacet and their sulfonic and oxanilic acid degradates in natural water","docAbstract":"<p>Dimethenamid [2-chloro-N-(2,4-dimethyl-3-thienyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] and flufenacet [N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-methylethyl)-2-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4- thiadiazol-2-yl)oxy] were isolated by C-18 solid-phase extraction and separated from their ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) and oxanilic acid (OXA) degradates during their elution using ethyl acetate for the parent compound, followed by methanol for the polar degradates. The parent compounds were detected using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selected-ion mode. The ESA and OXA degradates were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESPMS) in negative-ion mode. The method detection limits for a 123-mL sample ranged from 0.01 to 0.07 μg/L. These methods are compatible with existing methods and thus allow for analysis of 17 commonly used herbicides and 18 of their degradation compounds with one extraction. In a study of herbicide transport near the mouth of the Mississippi River during 1999 and 2000, dimethenamid and its ESA and OXA degradates were detected in surface water samples during the annual spring flushes. For flufenacet, the only detections at the study site were for the ESA degradates in samples collected at the peak of the herbicide spring flush in 2000. The low frequency of detections in surface water likely is due to dimethenamid and flufenacet being relatively new herbicides. In addition, detectable amounts of the stable degradates have not been detected in ground water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/jf010779b","issn":"00218561","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, L., Schneider, R., and Thurman, E., 2002, Analysis and detection of the herbicides dimethenamid and flufenacet and their sulfonic and oxanilic acid degradates in natural water: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 50, no. 5, p. 1045-1052, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010779b.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1045","endPage":"1052","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207699,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf010779b"}],"volume":"50","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaf4e4b0c8380cd48b13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, L.R.","contributorId":28624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, R.J.","contributorId":97283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023825,"text":"70023825 - 2002 - Modified Biot-Gassmann theory for calculating elastic velocities for unconsolidated and consolidated sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-12T15:04:01.747542","indexId":"70023825","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2668,"text":"Marine Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modified Biot-Gassmann theory for calculating elastic velocities for unconsolidated and consolidated sediments","docAbstract":"<p><span>The classical Biot-Gassmann theory (BGT) generally overestimates shear-wave velocities of water-saturated sediments. To overcome this problem, a new theory is developed based on BGT and on the velocity ratio as a function of&nbsp;</span><i>G</i><span>(1−φ)</span><sup>n</sup><span>, where φ is porosity and&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>G</i><span>&nbsp;are constants. Based on laboratory data measured at ultrasonic frequencies, parameters for the new formulation are derived. This new theory is extended to include the effect of differential pressure and consolidation on the velocity ratio by making&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>a function of differential pressure and the rate of porosity reduction with respect to differential pressure. A scale&nbsp;</span><i>G</i><span>&nbsp;is introduced to compensate for discrepancies between measured and predicted velocities, mainly caused by the presence of clay in the matrix. As differential pressure increases and the rate of porosity reduction with respect to differential pressure decreases, the exponent&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;decreases and elastic velocities increase. Because velocity dispersion is not considered, this new formula is optimum for analyzing velocities measured at ultrasonic frequencies or for sediments having low dispersion characteristics such as clean sandstone with high permeability to predict velocities from porosity or from porosity and P-wave velocity and is in good agreement with laboratory and well log data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1023/B:MARI.0000018195.75858.12","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., 2002, Modified Biot-Gassmann theory for calculating elastic velocities for unconsolidated and consolidated sediments: Marine Geophysical Research, v. 23, no. 5-6, p. 403-412, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MARI.0000018195.75858.12.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"403","endPage":"412","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5cbfe4b0c8380cd6ff04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024844,"text":"70024844 - 2002 - Assessment of relative accuracy in the determination of organic matter concentrations in aquatic systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T09:14:44","indexId":"70024844","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2259,"text":"Journal of Environmental Monitoring","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of relative accuracy in the determination of organic matter concentrations in aquatic systems","docAbstract":"Accurate determinations of total (TOC), dissolved (DOC) and particulate (POC) organic carbon concentrations are critical for understanding the geochemical, environmental, and ecological roles of aquatic organic matter. Of particular significance for the drinking water industry, TOC measurements are the basis for compliance with US EPA regulations. The results of an interlaboratory comparison designed to identify problems associated with the determination of organic matter concentrations in drinking water supplies are presented. The study involved 31 laboratories and a variety of commercially available analytical instruments. All participating laboratories performed well on samples of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP), a compound commonly used as a standard in carbon analysis. However, problems associated with the oxidation of difficult to oxidize compounds, such as dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid and caffeine, were noted. Humic substances posed fewer problems for analysts. Particulate organic matter (POM) in the form of polystyrene beads, freeze-dried bacteria and pulverized leaf material were the most difficult for all analysts, with a wide range of performances reported. The POM results indicate that the methods surveyed in this study are inappropriate for the accurate determination of POC and TOC concentration. Finally, several analysts had difficulty in efficiently separating inorganic carbon from KHP solutions, thereby biasing DOC results.","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","doi":"10.1039/b107322m","issn":"14640325","usgsCitation":"Aiken, G., Kaplan, L., and Weishaar, J., 2002, Assessment of relative accuracy in the determination of organic matter concentrations in aquatic systems: Journal of Environmental Monitoring, v. 4, no. 1, p. 70-74, https://doi.org/10.1039/b107322m.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"74","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207700,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b107322m"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee4fe4b0c8380cd49cbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aiken, G.","contributorId":82066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaplan, L.A.","contributorId":41625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplan","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weishaar, J.","contributorId":41995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weishaar","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185134,"text":"70185134 - 2002 - Mobilization of natural colloids from an iron oxide-coated sand aquifer: Effect of pH and ionic strength","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T08:45:25","indexId":"70185134","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mobilization of natural colloids from an iron oxide-coated sand aquifer: Effect of pH and ionic strength","docAbstract":"<p><span>Field and laboratory column experiments were performed to assess the effect of elevated pH and reduced ionic strength on the mobilization of natural colloids in a ferric oxyhydroxide-coated aquifer sediment. The field experiments were conducted as natural gradient injections of groundwater amended by sodium hydroxide additions. The laboratory experiments were conducted in columns of undisturbed, oriented sediments and disturbed, disoriented sediments. In the field, the breakthrough of released colloids coincided with the pH pulse breakthrough and lagged the bromide tracer breakthrough. The breakthrough behavior suggested that the progress of the elevated pH front controlled the transport of the mobilized colloids. In the laboratory, about twice as much colloid release occurred in the disturbed sediments as in the undisturbed sediments. The field and laboratory experiments both showed that the total mass of colloid release increased with increasing pH until the concurrent increase in ionic strength limited release. A decrease in ionic strength did not mobilize significant amounts of colloids in the field. The amount of colloids released normalized to the mass of the sediments was similar for the field and the undisturbed laboratory experiments.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es0109141","usgsCitation":"Bunn, R.A., Magelky, R.D., Ryan, J.N., and Elimelech, M., 2002, Mobilization of natural colloids from an iron oxide-coated sand aquifer: Effect of pH and ionic strength: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 3, p. 314-322, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0109141.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"314","endPage":"322","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52d6e4b0849ce97c871a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunn, Rebecca A.","contributorId":189311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bunn","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magelky, Robin D.","contributorId":189313,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magelky","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, Joseph N.","contributorId":54290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":604,"text":"University of Colorado- Boulder","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":684479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elimelech, Menachem","contributorId":189312,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elimelech","given":"Menachem","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1016170,"text":"1016170 - 2002 - Observations of the distributions of five fish species in a small Appalachian stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-18T15:54:31.226471","indexId":"1016170","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations of the distributions of five fish species in a small Appalachian stream","docAbstract":"<p><span>The notion has been growing that resident stream fishes exhibit a greater capacity for movement than was previously thought. In this study, we recorded the distributions of four resident fish species (longnose dace&nbsp;</span><i>Rhinichthys cataractae</i><span>, blacknose dace&nbsp;</span><i>R. atratulus</i><span>, mottled sculpin&nbsp;</span><i>Cottus bairdi</i><span>, and rainbow trout&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>) and one nonresident species (central stoneroller&nbsp;</span><i>Campostoma anomalum</i><span>) in Rock Creek, a small tributary of Cosby Creek in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, over the period 1979-1995. During this study, 1,998 individuals of resident species were collected from stream sections considered to be within a common area of distribution for each species. Forty-five individuals of resident and nonresident species were captured upstream of these areas, and eight of these fish were considered to be larger than individuals considered typical for each species. Small mammal dispersal theory concepts were used to classify and describe fish movements outside of common areas of distribution. These movements were identified as important in maintaining population connectivity within stream drainages, contributing to reducing the potential for local extinctions of populations and to the recolonization of unoccupied habitats. This study highlights the need for continued study of fish movements in stream drainages and for development of appropriate resource management strategies based partly on the spatial dynamics of fish populations and communities.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131%3C0791:OOTDOF%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Larson, G.L., Hoffman, R.L., and Moore, S.E., 2002, Observations of the distributions of five fish species in a small Appalachian stream: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 131, no. 4, p. 791-796, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131%3C0791:OOTDOF%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"791","endPage":"796","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133962,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Cosby Creek, Rock Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.22143554687499,\n              35.747069546016\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.19130897521973,\n              35.747069546016\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.19130897521973,\n              35.78551286273958\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.22143554687499,\n              35.78551286273958\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.22143554687499,\n              35.747069546016\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"131","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a68e4b07f02db63b185","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Gary L. gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Gary","email":"gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":323666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, Robert L.","contributorId":52931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, S. E.","contributorId":106829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1001676,"text":"1001676 - 2002 - Responses of dabbling ducks to wetland conditions in the Prairie Pothole Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-18T16:58:13.958419","indexId":"1001676","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of dabbling ducks to wetland conditions in the Prairie Pothole Region","docAbstract":"<p><span>The relationships between wetland water conditions and breeding numbers of Mallard (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Anas platyrhynchos</span></i><span>), Northern Pintail (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">A. acuta</span></i><span>), Blue-winged Teal (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">A. discors</span></i><span>), and Northern Shoveler (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">A. clypeata</span></i><span>) during May of 1992-1995, were examined on twelve study areas in the eastern Prairie Pothole Region. Data were collected on water levels (by wetland class [temporary, seasonal, semipermanent]), pond density (density of wet basins), and numbers of indicated pairs for each species from weekly roadside transect surveys. Comparison of models relating duck numbers to wetlands using Akaike’s Information Criterion indicated that measures of water condition generally were of similar value for explaining duck numbers. The model containing effects of semipermanent wetland water levels was among the best in explaining duck numbers for all species. Inclusion of temporary and seasonal wetland water levels in models for Mallard and Northern Pintail was not strongly supported by the data. Variation in duck numbers was much higher among areas than among years. Water conditions accounted for nearly all among-year variation for individual sites, but a large proportion of residual variation remained unexplained. Water condition measures (excluding spatial and temporal factors) explained 9-49% of variation in duck numbers, leaving 51-91% unexplained. Comparisons of these results to those of studies conducted at local or regional scale indicated that the relationship between duck numbers and pond numbers varied with scale, and suggested that other area-related factors should be considered at smaller landscape scales.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2002)025[0465:RODDTW]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Austin, J.E., 2002, Responses of dabbling ducks to wetland conditions in the Prairie Pothole Region: Waterbirds, v. 25, no. 4, p. 465-473, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2002)025[0465:RODDTW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"465","endPage":"473","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, MInnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -100.2392578125,\n              42.13082130188811\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.96630859375,\n              42.13082130188811\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.96630859375,\n              47.931066347509784\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.2392578125,\n              47.931066347509784\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.2392578125,\n              42.13082130188811\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6283c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Austin, J. E.","contributorId":5999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023865,"text":"70023865 - 2002 - Natural history of a northern population of twin-spotted rattlesnakes, Crotalus pricei","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-03T15:19:04.250603","indexId":"70023865","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Natural history of a northern population of twin-spotted rattlesnakes, <i>Crotalus pricei</i>","title":"Natural history of a northern population of twin-spotted rattlesnakes, Crotalus pricei","docAbstract":"<p><span>The twin-spotted rattlesnake (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Crotalus pricei</span></i><span>) is a small-bodied pitviper that has received little attention in the literature to date. The species reaches the northern limit of its range in southeastern Arizona, where it inhabits higher elevations than any of the state's 10 other rattlesnake species. During 1997–2000, we captured, measured, and marked 127&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">C. pricei</span></i><span>&nbsp;in Arizona's Chiricahua Mountains between 2530 and 2900 m elevation. We also used radiotelemetry to track the movements of 16&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">C. pricei</span></i><span>&nbsp;in the study area during 1997–1998. Mean (± SE) snout–vent length of&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">C. pricei</span></i><span>&nbsp;was 387.8 ± 8.3 mm (range = 168–572), and mean mass was 53.5 ± 3.3 g (range = 3.6–188.5). Based on fecal analyses, lizards constituted the bulk of prey (74%), but the diet of&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">C. pricei</span></i><span>&nbsp;also included mammals, birds, and a conspecific. Mating was concentrated in August and early September and parturition took place during late July and August. Mean number of embryos was 3.94 ± 0.34 (range = 1–6) and female reproduction appeared biennial or less frequent. Based on shed and growth rates, female&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">C. pricei</span></i><span>&nbsp;develop embryos at 4–5 years of age. Gravid females maintained warmer body temperatures relative to substrate temperature than nongravid females or males, presumably by spending more time basking than other snakes. Radiotelemetry revealed that movement patterns varied from year to year, as males moved over six times farther per week during the 1998 monsoon season (July to September) than during the 1997 monsoon season. Additionally, use of talus slopes by males decreased during 1998. During dry years, such as 1998, males may be forced off talus into cooler microclimates where resources are less concentrated than on talus.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.1670/0022-1511(2002)036[0598:NHOANP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Prival, D.B., Goode, M.J., Swann, D.E., Schwalbe, C., and Schroff, M.J., 2002, Natural history of a northern population of twin-spotted rattlesnakes, Crotalus pricei: Journal of Herpetology, v. 36, no. 4, p. 598-607, https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2002)036[0598:NHOANP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"598","endPage":"607","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a631fe4b0c8380cd722f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prival, D. B.","contributorId":10954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prival","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goode, Matthew J","contributorId":118037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swann, Don E.","contributorId":218874,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swann","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":399111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwalbe, C.R.","contributorId":35259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwalbe","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schroff, M. J.","contributorId":72164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schroff","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023986,"text":"70023986 - 2002 - Evaluation of potential impacts on Great Lakes water resources based on climate scenarios of two GCMs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-03T14:01:11.885709","indexId":"70023986","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of potential impacts on Great Lakes water resources based on climate scenarios of two GCMs","docAbstract":"<p><span>The results of general circulation model predictions of the effects of climate change from the Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis (model CGCM1) and the United Kingdom Meteorological Office's Hadley Centre (model HadCM2) have been used to derive potential impacts on the water resources of the Great Lakes basin. These impacts can influence the levels of the Great Lakes and the volumes of channel flow among them, thus affecting their value for interests such as riparians, shippers, recreational boaters, and natural ecosystems. On one hand, a hydrological modeling suite using input data from the CGCM1 predicts large drops in lake levels, up to a maximum of 1.38 m on Lakes Michigan and Huron by 2090. This is due to a combination of a decrease in precipitation and an increase in air temperature that leads to an increase in evaporation. On the other hand, using input from HadCM2, rises in lake levels are predicted, up to a maximum of 0.35 m on Lakes Michigan and Huron by 2090, due to increased precipitation and a reduced increase in air temperature. An interest satisfaction model shows sharp decreases in the satisfaction of the interests of commercial navigation, recreational boating, riparians, and hydropower due to lake level decreases. Most interest satisfaction scores are also reduced by lake level increases. Drastic reductions in ice cover also result from the temperature increases such that under the CGCM1 predictions, most of Lake Erie has 96% of its winters ice-free by 2090. Assessment is also made of impacts on the groundwater-dependent region of Lansing, Michigan.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(02)70604-7","usgsCitation":"Lofgren, B.M., Quinn, F.H., Clites, A.H., Assel, R.A., Eberhardt, A.J., and Luukkonen, C.L., 2002, Evaluation of potential impacts on Great Lakes water resources based on climate scenarios of two GCMs: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 28, no. 4, p. 537-554, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(02)70604-7.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"554","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.548828125,\n              40.38002840251183\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.05859375,\n              40.38002840251183\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.05859375,\n              50.064191736659104\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.548828125,\n              50.064191736659104\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.548828125,\n              40.38002840251183\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cade4b0c8380cd52c54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lofgren, Brent M.","contributorId":139534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lofgren","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12789,"text":"NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":399603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quinn, F. H.","contributorId":42753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quinn","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clites, A. H.","contributorId":46260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clites","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Assel, Raymond A.","contributorId":147963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Assel","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12448,"text":"U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":399604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eberhardt, A. J.","contributorId":13780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eberhardt","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Luukkonen, Carol L. clluukko@usgs.gov","contributorId":3489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luukkonen","given":"Carol","email":"clluukko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":399600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1016365,"text":"1016365 - 2002 - Landscapes to riverscapes: bridging the gap between research and conservation of stream fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-30T09:35:23","indexId":"1016365","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscapes to riverscapes: bridging the gap between research and conservation of stream fishes","docAbstract":"<p>Rivers and streams, by their very nature long<span>&nbsp;ribbons of aquatic habitat, are inherently difficult to study. Approaching the banks of a flowing-water (lotic) system, one can see only a short fragment of the entire stream, from one bend to another, and can gain little appreciation for important features that lie beyond view. Moreover, materials transported downstream by the flow, and organisms traveling up or down the hydraulic highway, are soon gone from the reach and the opportunity to study them is often lost. Lakes present their own challenges for study, but by contrast to streams, one can usually see large expanses from shore that encompass all major habitats needed for aquatic organisms to complete their life history, such as gravel shoals, beds of aquatic vegetation, and open water habitats</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"BioScience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0483:LTRBTG]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Fausch, K., Torgersen, C., Baxter, C., and Li, H.W., 2002, Landscapes to riverscapes: bridging the gap between research and conservation of stream fishes: BioScience, v. 52, no. 6, p. 483-498, https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0483:LTRBTG]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"p. 483-498","startPage":"483","endPage":"498","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6abae8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fausch, Kurt D. 0000-0001-5825-7560","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5825-7560","contributorId":29370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fausch","given":"Kurt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Torgersen, Christian E. 0000-0001-8325-2737","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8325-2737","contributorId":48143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torgersen","given":"Christian E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baxter, Colden V.","contributorId":47334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baxter","given":"Colden V.","affiliations":[{"id":13656,"text":"Idaho State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":324093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Li, Hiram W.","contributorId":18724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Hiram","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":2001461,"text":"2001461 - 2002 - Fish Health Indicators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:55","indexId":"2001461","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":37,"text":"Information and Technology Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"USGS/BRD/ITR-2002-0004","title":"Fish Health Indicators","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"02-004/FH","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Dethloff, G., and Wright, B., 2002, Fish Health Indicators: Information and Technology Report USGS/BRD/ITR-2002-0004, p. 89-134.","productDescription":"p. 89-134","startPage":"89","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"46","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":198505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f333f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dethloff, G.M.","contributorId":78047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dethloff","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, B.","contributorId":71293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1016054,"text":"1016054 - 2002 - Nitrogen loss from nonpolluted South American forests mainly via dissolved organic compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T15:34:57.596678","indexId":"1016054","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen loss from nonpolluted South American forests mainly via dissolved organic compounds","docAbstract":"<p><span>Conceptual</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e377\" title=\"Likens, G. E. &amp; Bormann, F. H. Biogeochemistry of a Forested Ecosystem 2nd edn (Springer, New York, 1995).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR1\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 1\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR1\">1</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e380\" title=\"Aber, J. et al. Nitrogen saturation in temperate forest ecosystems: Hypotheses revisited. BioScience 48, 921–34 (1998).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR2\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR2\">2</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e383\" title=\"Tamm, C. O. Nitrogen in Terrestrial Ecosystems (Springer, Berlin, 1991).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR3\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 3\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR3\">3</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e386\" title=\"Stoddard, J. L. in Environmental Chemistry of Lakes and Reservoirs (ed. Baker, L. A.) 223–284 (American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 1994).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR4\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 4\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR4\">4</a></sup><span>&nbsp;and numerical</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e390\" title=\"Schimel, D. S., Braswell, B. H. &amp; Parton, W. J. Equilibration of the terrestrial water, nitrogen, and carbon cycles. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 8280–8283 (1997).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR5\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 5\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR5\">5</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e393\" title=\"Rastetter, E. B. et al. Resource optimization and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Ecosystems 4, 369–388 (2001).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR6\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 6\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR6\">6</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e396\" title=\"McGuire, A. D. et al. Equilibrium responses of global net primary production and carbon storage to doubled atmospheric carbon dioxide: sensitivity to changes in vegetation nitrogen concentration. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 11, 173–189 (1997).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR7\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 7\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR7\">7</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e399\" title=\"McKane, R. B. et al. Climatic effects on tundra carbon storage inferred from experimental data and a model. Ecology 78, 1170–1187 (1997).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR8\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 8\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR8\">8</a></sup><span>&nbsp;models of nitrogen cycling in temperate forests assume that nitrogen is lost from these ecosystems predominantly by way of inorganic forms, such as nitrate and ammonium ions. Of these, nitrate is thought to be particularly mobile, being responsible for nitrogen loss to deep soil and stream waters. But human activities—such as fossil fuel combustion, fertilizer production and land-use change—have substantially altered the nitrogen cycle over large regions</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e403\" title=\"Vitousek, P. M. et al. Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: Sources and consequences. Ecol. Appl. 7, 737–750 (1997).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR9\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 9\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR9\">9</a></sup><span>, making it difficult to separate natural aspects of nitrogen cycling from those induced by human perturbations</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e407\" title=\"Hedin, L. O., Armesto, J. J. &amp; Johnson, A. H. Patterns of nutrient loss from unpolluted, old-growth temperate forests: Evaluation of biogeochemical theory. Ecology 76, 493–509 (1995).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR10\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 10\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR10\">10</a></sup><span>. Here we report stream chemistry data from 100 unpolluted primary forests in temperate South America. Although the sites exhibit a broad range of environmental factors that influence ecosystem nutrient cycles</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e411\" title=\"Jenny, H. Factors of Soil Formation (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1941).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR11\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 11\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR11\">11</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e414\" title=\"Gorham, E. Factors influencing supply of major ions to inland waters, with special reference to the atmosphere. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 72, 795–840 (1961).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR12\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 12\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR12\">12</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d257630553e417\" title=\"Vitousek, P. M. &amp; Reiners, W. A. Ecosystem succession and nutrient retention: a hypothesis. BioScience 25, 376–381 (1975).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR13\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 13\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/415416a#ref-CR13\">13</a></sup><span>&nbsp;(such as climate, parent material, time of ecosystem development, topography and biotic diversity), we observed a remarkably consistent pattern of nitrogen loss across all forests. In contrast to findings from forests in polluted regions, streamwater nitrate concentrations are exceedingly low, such that nitrate to ammonium ratios were less than unity, and dissolved organic nitrogen is responsible for the majority of nitrogen losses from these forests. We therefore suggest that organic nitrogen losses should be considered in models of forest nutrient cycling, which could help to explain observations of nutrient limitation in temperate forest ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publications","doi":"10.1038/415416a","usgsCitation":"Perakis, S., and Hedin, L.O., 2002, Nitrogen loss from nonpolluted South American forests mainly via dissolved organic compounds: Nature, v. 415, no. 6870, p. 416-419, https://doi.org/10.1038/415416a.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"416","endPage":"419","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Argentina, Chile","otherGeospatial":"South America","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.9482421875,\n              -55.67758441108951\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.0830078125,\n              -55.67758441108951\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.0830078125,\n              -39\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.9482421875,\n              -39\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.9482421875,\n              -55.67758441108951\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"415","issue":"6870","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db69720d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perakis, Steven S. 0000-0003-0703-9314","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0703-9314","contributorId":16797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"Steven S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hedin, L. O.","contributorId":28574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hedin","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016155,"text":"1016155 - 2002 - Links between worlds: Unraveling migratory connectivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T22:43:38","indexId":"1016155","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3653,"text":"Trends in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Links between worlds: Unraveling migratory connectivity","docAbstract":"Migration is the regular seasonal movement of animals from one place to another, often from a breeding site to a nonbreeding site and back. Because the act of migration makes it difficult to follow individuals and populations year round, our understanding of the ecology and evolution of migrating organisms, particularly birds, has been severely impeded. Exciting new advances in satellite telemetry, genetic analyses and stable isotope chemistry are now making it possible to determine the population and geographical origin of individual birds. Here, we review these new approaches and consider the relevance of understanding migratory connectivity to ecological, evolutionary and conservation issues.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Trends in Ecology and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02380-1","usgsCitation":"Webster, M., Marra, P., Haig, S.M., Bensch, S., and Holmes, R.T., 2002, Links between worlds: Unraveling migratory connectivity: Trends in Ecology and Evolution, v. 17, no. 2, p. 76-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02380-1.","startPage":"76","endPage":"83","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268075,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02380-1"},{"id":133399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a5105","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webster, M.","contributorId":48925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marra, P.P.","contributorId":90683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marra","given":"P.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bensch, S.","contributorId":37699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bensch","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holmes, Richard T.","contributorId":45269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1016314,"text":"1016314 - 2002 - Epizootiology and effect of avian pox on Hawaiian forest birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T13:56:43","indexId":"1016314","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Epizootiology and effect of avian pox on Hawaiian forest birds","docAbstract":"<p><span>We determined prevalence and altitudinal distribution of forest birds infected with avian pox at 16 locations on Hawaii, from sea level to tree line in mesic and xeric habitats, during 1977–1980. Isolates from lesions were cultured in the laboratory for positive identification of </span><i>Poxvirus avium</i><span>. Infected birds from the wild were brought into the laboratory to assess differences in the course of infection in native versus introduced species. We also documented distributions and activity cycles of potential avian pox vectors.</span></p><p><span>Native forest birds were (1) more susceptible to avian pox infection than were introduced species, (2) most likely to be infected during the wet season, and (3) found to have a higher prevalence in mesic when compared to xeric forests. Avian pox occurred in forest birds at all elevations, but highest levels were in the mid-elevational ranges (∼1,200 m) where vectors and native birds had the greatest overlap. Temporal and elevational differences in prevalence were apparent throughout the annual cycle. Avian pox probably did not reach epizootic proportions on Hawaii until after introduction of the mosquito and domestic birds in the early 1800s, and since then has had a negative effect on the population dynamics of native forest birds. Today, this introduced disease is an important factor that should be considered in future conservation efforts that are directed at the recovery of native forest birds in Hawaii.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0929:EAEOAP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"van Riper, C., van Riper, S.G., and Hansen, W.R., 2002, Epizootiology and effect of avian pox on Hawaiian forest birds: The Auk, v. 119, no. 4, p. 929-942, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0929:EAEOAP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"929","endPage":"942","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":1016522,"text":"1016522 - 2002 - Distribution and abundance of snowy plovers in eastern North America, the Caribbean, and the Bahamas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T15:48:15","indexId":"1016522","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and abundance of snowy plovers in eastern North America, the Caribbean, and the Bahamas","docAbstract":"<p>Snowy Plovers (<i>Charadrius alexandrinus</i>) are small, partially migrant shorebirds that are broadly distributed across North America. Snowy Plover distribution west of the Rocky Mountains has been well described. However, distribution and abundance east of the Rocky Mountains has not received much attention despite current status and ESA listing concerns for Snowy Plovers in the southeastern United States and the Caribbean. Thus, a first step in developing a monitoring program for Snowy Plovers is to understand the species' distribution. We summarize information on distribution and abundance of Snowy Plovers in the eastern United States, Caribbean, and Bahamas. Breeding and winter distribution maps for the continental United States were generated from a database of 3563 records from 388 sites in continental North America constructed from International Shorebird Survey (ISS), Christmas Bird Count (CBC), unpublished field data, and published accounts. Comparison of maximum counts per site (1980–present) indicated the number of breeding Snowy Plovers was greatest in Kansas and Oklahoma, while the greatest number of wintering birds occurred in the Laguna Madre of Texas and Mexico. Snowy Plovers concentrate at sites in Oklahoma and Texas during migration, with higher concentrations on the upper Texas coast in spring compared to fall migration. Data regarding historic abundance and trends are limited but suggest that Snowy Plovers in the eastern United States may have experienced regional population declines and may have suffered a range contraction in Texas. Serious concerns about the conservation status of Snowy Plovers in the eastern United States, the Caribbean, and the Bahamas indicate an immediate need for systematic surveys and up-to-date population estimates.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Field Ornithologists","doi":"10.1648/0273-8570-73.1.38","usgsCitation":"Gorman, L., and Haig, S.M., 2002, Distribution and abundance of snowy plovers in eastern North America, the Caribbean, and the Bahamas: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 73, no. 1, p. 38-52, https://doi.org/10.1648/0273-8570-73.1.38.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"52","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a011","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gorman, Leah","contributorId":108068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorman","given":"Leah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016045,"text":"1016045 - 2002 - Response of old-growth conifers to reduction in stand density in western Oregon forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-12T16:52:38","indexId":"1016045","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3649,"text":"Tree Physiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of old-growth conifers to reduction in stand density in western Oregon forests","docAbstract":"<p>The positive growth response of healthy young trees to density reduction is well known. In contrast, large old trees are usually thought to be intrinsically limited in their ability to respond to increased growing space; therefore, density reduction is seldom used in stands of old-growth trees. We tested the null hypothesis that old-growth trees are incapable of responding with increased growth following density reduction. The diameter growth response of 271 Douglas-fir (<i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> (Mirb.) Franco), ponderosa pine (<i>Pinus ponderosa</i> Dougl. ex Laws) and sugar pine (<i>Pinus lambertiana</i> Dougl.) trees ranging in age from 158 to 650 years was examined 20 to 50 years after density reduction. Density reduction involved either light thinning with removal of less vigorous trees, or shelterwood treatments in which overstory trees were not removed. Ratios of basal area growth after treatment to basal area growth before treatment, and several other measures of growth, all indicated that the old trees sometimes benefited and were not harmed by density reduction. Growth increased by 10% or more for 68% of the trees in treated stands, and nearly 30% of trees increased growth by over 50%. This growth response persisted for at least 20 years. During this 20-year period, only three trees in treated stands (1.5%) exhibited a rapid decrease in growth, whereas growth decreased in 64% of trees in untreated stands. The length of time before a growth response to density reduction occurred varied from 5 to 25 years, with the greatest growth response often occurring 20 to 25 years after treatment. These results have important implications both for the basic biology of aging in woody plants as well as for silvicultural practices in forests with old-growth trees.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Heron Publishing","publisherLocation":"Victoria, Canada","doi":"10.1093/treephys/22.2-3.137","usgsCitation":"Latham, P., and Tappeiner, J.C., 2002, Response of old-growth conifers to reduction in stand density in western Oregon forests: Tree Physiology, v. 22, no. 2-3, p. 137-146, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/22.2-3.137.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","volume":"22","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db628337","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Latham, P.","contributorId":28576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latham","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tappeiner, J. C. II","contributorId":103235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tappeiner","given":"J.","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70194882,"text":"70194882 - 2002 - Thermocouple psychrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T09:23:56","indexId":"70194882","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5605,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Book Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"seriesNumber":"5.4","chapter":"3.2.3","title":"Thermocouple psychrometry","docAbstract":"<p>Thermocouple psychrometry is a technique that infers the water potential of the liquid phase of a sample from measurements within the vapor phase that is in equilibrium with the sample. The theoretical relation between water potential of the liquid phase and relative humidity of the vapor phase is given by the Kelvin equation</p><p> <span>Ψ&nbsp;</span>= energy/volume = (RT/Vw) ln(p/po) [3.2.3–1]</p><p>where ψ is water potential (sum of matric and osmotic potential, MPa), R is the universal gas constant (8.314 × 10<sup>-6</sup> MJ mol<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>), T is temperature (K), Vw is molar volume of water (1.8 × 10<sup>-5</sup> m<sup>3</sup> mol<sup>-1</sup>), and <i>p/p<sub>o</sub></i> is relative humidity expressed as a fraction where p is actual vapor pressure of air in equilibrium with the liquid phase (MPa) and<i> p<sub>o</sub> </i>is saturation vapor pressure (MPa) at T.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 4 Physical Methods","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2136/sssabookser5.4.c22","isbn":"978-0-89118-893-3","usgsCitation":"Andraski, B.J., and Scanlon, B., 2002, Thermocouple psychrometry, chap. 3.2.3 <i>of</i> Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 4 Physical Methods: Soil Science Society of America Book Series, p. 609-642, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.4.c22.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"609","endPage":"642","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350649,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6c4c9de4b06e28e9cabb32","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Dane, Jacob H.","contributorId":91371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dane","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725874,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Topp, G. Clarke","contributorId":92664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Topp","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Clarke","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725875,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016324,"text":"1016324 - 2002 - Trends in midwinter counts of bald eagles in the contiguous United States, 1986-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T17:24:44","indexId":"1016324","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1051,"text":"Bird Populations","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in midwinter counts of bald eagles in the contiguous United States, 1986-2000","docAbstract":"<p>We estimated statewide, regional, and national trends in counts of Bald Eagles (<i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i>) along selected routes in the contiguous United States during midwinter, 1986-2000. Each January, several hundred observers collected data as part of a survey initiated by the National Wildlife Federation in 1979. To analyze these data, we used only those routes surveyed consistently in at least four years and on which at least four eagles were counted in a single year. We included surveys conducted during fog or precipitaion after determining that changes in weather conditions probably did not affect trend estimates. Our final analysis, using a hierarchical mixed model, was based on 101,777 eagle sightings during 5,180 surveys of 563 routes in 42 states. In the model, fixed effects were year, region, and route-length category; the random effect was the route itself. Model-based estimates of Bald Eagle counts throughout the U.S. increased 1.9% yr<sup>-1</sup>, but trend estimates varied by region. Estimated trends were statistically significant, and positive, in the northeastern U.S. (6.1% yr<sup>-1</sup>), but were not significant in other regions. The proportion of increasing counts was higher north of 40&deg; N and east of 100&deg; W. Trends in numbers of adults and immatures showed similar geographic patterns, but counts of adults increased at a higher rate. Overall, trends were more similar to those identified by the Christmas Bird Count than the Breeding Bird Survey. In spite of limitations, the survey is a cost-effective way to monitor wintering eagles in the lower 48 states. We discuss estimated trends in the context of increased urbanization, changed weather, and recovery from pesticide pollution.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Institute for Bird Populations","publisherLocation":"Point Reyes Station, CA","usgsCitation":"Steenhof, K., Bond, L., Bates, K.K., and Leppert, L.L., 2002, Trends in midwinter counts of bald eagles in the contiguous United States, 1986-2000: Bird Populations, v. 6, p. 21-32.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n   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         ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db6264f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steenhof, Karen karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","contributorId":30585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steenhof","given":"Karen","email":"karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":324006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bond, Laura","contributorId":89103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bond","given":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bates, Kirk K.","contributorId":43723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bates","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leppert, Lynda L.","contributorId":37701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leppert","given":"Lynda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1016185,"text":"1016185 - 2002 - Optical characteristics of natural waters protect amphibians from UV-B in the U.S. Pacific Northwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-05T18:19:18.657368","indexId":"1016185","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optical characteristics of natural waters protect amphibians from UV-B in the U.S. Pacific Northwest","docAbstract":"Increased exposure to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation has been proposed as a major environmental stressor leading to global amphibian declines. Prior experimental evidence from the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) indicating the acute embryonic sensitivity of at least four amphibian species to UV-B has been central to the literature about amphibian decline. However, these results have not been expanded to address population-scale effects and natural landscape variation in UV-B transparency of water at amphibian breeding sites: both necessary links to assess the importance of UV-B for amphibian declines. We quantified the UV-B transparency of 136 potential amphibian breeding sites to establish the pattern of UV-B exposure across two montane regions in the PNW. Our data suggest that 85% of sites are naturally protected by dissolved organic matter in pond water, and that only a fraction of breeding sites are expected to experience UV-B intensities exceeding levels associated with elevated egg mortality. Thus, the spectral characteristics of natural waters likely mediate the physiological effects of UV-B on amphibian eggs in all but the clearest waters. These data imply that UV-B is unlikely to cause broad amphibian declines across the landscape of the American Northwest.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2951:OCONWP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Palen, W.J., Schindler, D.E., Adams, M.J., Pearl, C., Bury, R.B., and Diamond, S.A., 2002, Optical characteristics of natural waters protect amphibians from UV-B in the U.S. Pacific Northwest: Ecology, v. 83, no. 11, p. 2951-2957, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2951:OCONWP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2951","endPage":"2957","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.34374999999999,\n              45.19752230305682\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.33251953125,\n              43.43696596521823\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.00292968749999,\n              42.06560675405716\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.87109375,\n              41.261291493919884\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.10205078125,\n              40.763901280945866\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.4208984375,\n              40.93011520598305\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.06933593749999,\n              41.19518982948959\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.83837890625,\n              42.19596877629178\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.640625,\n              43.29320031385282\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.09130859375,\n              45.19752230305682\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.06933593749999,\n              48.980216985374994\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.4208984375,\n              48.980216985374994\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.34374999999999,\n              45.19752230305682\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"83","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aefe4b07f02db6913cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palen, Wendy J.","contributorId":69513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palen","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schindler, David E.","contributorId":60598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schindler","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pearl, Christopher A. 0000-0003-2943-7321","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7321","contributorId":84316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Christopher A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":323696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bury, R. Bruce buryb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bury","given":"R.","email":"buryb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":323693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Diamond, S. A.","contributorId":41382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diamond","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023909,"text":"70023909 - 2002 - Distance sampling of forest snakes and lizards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023909","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distance sampling of forest snakes and lizards","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0018084X","usgsCitation":"Rodda, G., and Campbell, E., 2002, Distance sampling of forest snakes and lizards: Herpetological Review, v. 33, no. 4, p. 271-274.","startPage":"271","endPage":"274","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a024ae4b0c8380cd4ffa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, E.W.","contributorId":67467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"E.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024322,"text":"70024322 - 2002 - Estuaries as nurseries for the jacks Caranx ignobilis and Caranx melampygus (Carangidae) in Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024322","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estuaries as nurseries for the jacks Caranx ignobilis and Caranx melampygus (Carangidae) in Hawaii","docAbstract":"Estuaries provide juvenile nursery habitat for many species of fish that inhabit marine environments as adults. In Hawaii, some juvenile Caranx ignobilis and Caranx melampygus occupy estuaries opportunistically before moving to nearshore ocean habitats. This study examined the extent and nature of estuarine habitat available in the lower Hanalei River of Kauai, the relative abundance and distribution of jacks in the estuary, and their diets. Salinity measurements indicated that the upstream extent of saltwater ranged from the mouth to nearly 5 km upriver and was strongly influenced by the variable river discharge. Juvenile jacks between 80 and 310 mm FL were observed on underwater transects over the full range of mixohaline conditions. Hand-operated seine collections produced overall catch rates of ???0.64 fish/haul for each of these species. The two jacks ate much the same spectrum of food items. C. ignobilis was somewhat more piscivorous than C. melampygus, as determined by measures of frequency of predation and number and bulk of prey. Data for length at age, incorporating daily otolith increment counts from these estuarine juveniles and previous counts from non-estuarine specimens, were fitted to a lifetime von Bertalanffy growth model. The results greatly extended the age range of the model and suggested that growth rates were not much different between estuarine and non-estuarine fish. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/ecss.2001.0909","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Smith, G., and Parrish, J., 2002, Estuaries as nurseries for the jacks Caranx ignobilis and Caranx melampygus (Carangidae) in Hawaii: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 55, no. 3, p. 347-359, https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.2001.0909.","startPage":"347","endPage":"359","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207121,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ecss.2001.0909"},{"id":231773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bc1e4b0c8380cd52876","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, G.C.","contributorId":107063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parrish, J.D.","contributorId":63083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016379,"text":"1016379 - 2002 - Treatment effects on performance of N-fixing lichens in disturbed crusts of the Colorado Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T14:13:00","indexId":"1016379","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Treatment effects on performance of N-fixing lichens in disturbed crusts of the Colorado Plateau","docAbstract":"<p>Biological soil crusts arrest soil erosion and supply nitrogen to arid ecosystems. To understand their recovery from disturbance, we studied performances of <span class=\"genusSpeciesInfoAsset\">Collema</span> spp. lichens relative to four experimental treatments plus microtopography of soil pedicels, oriented north-northwest to south-southeast in crusts. At sites in Needles (NDLS) and Island in the Sky (ISKY) districts of Canyonlands National Park, lichens were transplanted to NNW, SSE, ENE, WSW, and TOP pedicel faces and exposed to a full-factorial, randomized block experiment with four treatments: nutrient addition (P and K), soil stabilization with polyacrylamide resin (PAM), added cyanobacterial fiber, and biweekly watering.</p><p>After 14.5 mo (NDLS) and 24 mo (ISKY), both visual rankings of lichen condition and measures of chlorophyll fluorescence were generally higher at ISKY than on more fertile but less stable soils at NDLS. On ENE and NNW pedicel faces, both these values and nitrogenase activity (NDLS only) exceeded corresponding values on WSW and SSE faces. Treatment effects were site specific and largely negative at NDLS; both nutrient and cyanobacterial addition led to poorer lichen condition, and added nutrients led to reduced fluorescence. Responses to nutrients may have been mediated partly by disturbance of unstable soils and by competition with cyanobacteria.</p><p>In a separate experiment investigating recruitment responses to adding fungal spores or <span class=\"genusSpeciesInfoAsset\">Nostoc</span> cells, rates of <span class=\"genusSpeciesInfoAsset\">Collema</span> establishment responded significantly to the former but not the latter. Low establishment overall suggests that natural recruitment may occur mainly from iscidia or thallus fragments, not spores.</p><p>Measured simultaneously on artificial soil pedicels at NDLS and ISKY, both deposition and erosion declined at NDLS across the four pedicel microaspects as: WSW &gt; SSE &gt; NNW &gt; ENE (or ENE &gt; NNW), during fall and spring trials. Patterns were similar at ISKY, but WSW ≈ SSE for spring deposition, and deposition did not differ by microaspect in fall. Greater deposition at ISKY, despite higher abundance of cyanobacteria, may be explained by stronger wind velocities.</p><p>Together, microtopographic differences in erosion, microclimate, and nutrient regimes help explain variable lichen performance, but microtopography influenced lichen performance more consistently than did any treatment. Demonstrated effects of pedicel development in crust recovery concur with prior surveys showing greatest microbial biomass and/or cover on ENE and NNW exposures at various spatial scales.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[1391:TEOPON]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Davidson, D.W., Bowker, M., George, D., Phillips, S.L., and Belnap, J., 2002, Treatment effects on performance of N-fixing lichens in disturbed crusts of the Colorado Plateau: Ecological Applications, v. 12, no. 5, p. 1391-1405, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[1391:TEOPON]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1391","endPage":"1405","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498848,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[1391:teopon]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":135055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau","volume":"12","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626acc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davidson, Diane W.","contributorId":81470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowker, Mathew","contributorId":79079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"Mathew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"George, Dylan","contributorId":15586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"Dylan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, Susan L. 0000-0002-5891-8485 sue_phillips@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5891-8485","contributorId":717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Susan","email":"sue_phillips@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":324129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1016394,"text":"1016394 - 2002 - Alien invasions in aquatic ecosystems: Toward an understanding of brook trout invasions and potential impacts on inland cutthroat trout in western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T16:21:45.459878","indexId":"1016394","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3278,"text":"Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alien invasions in aquatic ecosystems: Toward an understanding of brook trout invasions and potential impacts on inland cutthroat trout in western North America","docAbstract":"<p><span>Experience from case studies of biological invasions in aquatic ecosystems has motivated a set of proposed empirical “rules” for understanding patterns of invasion and impacts on native species. Further evidence is needed to better understand these patterns, and perhaps contribute to a useful predictive theory of invasions. We reviewed the case of brook trout (</span><i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i><span>)invasions in the western United States and their impacts on native cutthroat trout (</span><i>Oncorhynchus clarki</i><span>). Unlike many biological invasions, a considerable body of empirical research on brook trout and cutthroat trout is available. We reviewed life histories of each species, brook trout invasions, their impacts on cutthroat trout, and patterns and causes of segregation between brook trout and cutthroat trout. We considered four stages of the invasion process: transport, establishment, spread, and impacts to native species. Most of the research we found focused on impacts. Interspecific interactions, especially competition, were commonly investigated and cited as impacts of brook trout. In many cases it is not clear if brook trout invasions have a measurable impact. Studies of species distributions in the field and a variety of experiments suggest invasion success of brook trout is associated with environmental factors, including temperature, landscape structure, habitat size, stream flow, and human influences. Research on earlier stages of brook trout invasions (transport, establishment, and spread) is relatively limited, but has provided promising insights. Management alternatives for controlling brook trout invasions are limited, and actions to control brook trout focus on direct removal, which is variably successful and can have adverse effects on native species. The management applicability of research has been confounded by the complexity of the problem and by a focus on understanding processes at smaller scales, but not on predicting patterns at larger scales. In the short-term, an improved predictive understanding of brook trout invasions could prove to be most useful, even if processes are incompletely understood. A stronger connection between research and management is needed to identify more effective alternatives for controlling brook trout invasions and for identifying management priorities.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1023/A:1025338203702","usgsCitation":"Dunham, J.B., Adams, S.B., Schroeter, R., and Novinger, D.C., 2002, Alien invasions in aquatic ecosystems: Toward an understanding of brook trout invasions and potential impacts on inland cutthroat trout in western North America: Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, v. 12, no. 4, p. 373-391, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025338203702.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"391","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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