This report presents selected data collected during the first year (December 1993 to September 1994) of a three year water-quality study of surficial-sand aquifers and selected lakes in east Otter Tail County, Minnesota. The objectives of the study are (1) to determine the presence and distribution of nitrate-nitrogen and selected pesticides in ground water from the surficial-sand aquifers; and (2) to characterize the water quality of selected lakes and the Otter Tail River.
\nGround water was sampled from 73 wells. The concentration of nitrate nitrogen in ground water was above 10 mg/L (milligrams per liter) in 30 of the sampled wells (38 percent). The concentration of triazine herbicide compounds, as determined by immunoassay, was above the detection limit 0.10 ug/l (micrograms per liter) in water from 17 of the sampled wells (24 percent). The nitrate- nitrogen concentration in water from 14 wells, compared to data collected during a previous study in 1979-81, increased in water from 4 wells and decreased in water from 4 wells.
\nLake water was sampled from 11 sites on Little Pine, Big Pine, Rush, and Otter Tail Lakes. Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations were all below the detection limit (0.05 mg/L). The concentration of triazine herbicide compounds, as determined by immunoassay, was at or below the detection limit (0.10 ug/L) at all 11 sites. Dissolved oxygen concentrations at the sites ranged from 7.3 to 10.1 mg/L at the water surface, and from 5.3 to 9.7 mg/L at depth. Secchi disk transparency readings ranged from 4.0 to 7.4 feet. Total phosphorus concentrations were generally near or below the detection limit (0.01 mg/L) except at one site where the water had a total phosphorus concentration of 0.06 mg/L.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr95116","usgsCitation":"Smith, S.E., and Ruhl, J., 1995, Presence and distribution of nitrate and selected pesticides in surficial-sand aquifers and selected lakes, 1993-94, East Otter Tail County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-116, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95116.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391712,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18402.htm"},{"id":50545,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0116/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0116/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Otter Tail County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-95.1627,46.7191],[-95.1624,46.6306],[-95.1545,46.6303],[-95.1559,46.3708],[-95.1563,46.2828],[-95.1464,46.2825],[-95.1454,46.108],[-95.7693,46.1073],[-96.0862,46.1076],[-96.2667,46.109],[-96.2656,46.2854],[-96.2813,46.2851],[-96.2827,46.6308],[-96.1729,46.6307],[-96.1745,46.7187],[-96.0228,46.7179],[-96.0163,46.7199],[-96.0062,46.7178],[-95.1627,46.7191]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Otter Tail\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689d9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Shannon E.","contributorId":19967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruhl, James E.","contributorId":71580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30400,"text":"wri944238 - 1995 - Hydrogeology and simulation of flow between the alluvial and bedrock aquifers in the upper Black Squirrel Creek basin, El Paso County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-13T12:29:24","indexId":"wri944238","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4238","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of flow between the alluvial and bedrock aquifers in the upper Black Squirrel Creek basin, El Paso County, Colorado","docAbstract":"Anticipated increases in pumping from the bedrock aquifers in El Paso County potentially could affect the direction and rate of flow between the alluvial and bedrock aquifers and lower water levels in the overlying alluvial aquifer. The alluvial aquifer underlies about 90 square miles in the upper Black Squirrel Creek Basin of eastern El Paso County. The alluvial aquifer consists of unconsolidated alluvial deposits that unconformably overlie siltstones, sandstones, and conglomerate (bedrock aquifers) and claystone, shale, and coal (bedrock confining units) of the Denver Basin. The bedrock aquifers (Dawson, Denver, Arapahoe, and Laramie-Fox Hills aquifers) are separated by confining units (upper and lower Denver and the Laramie confining units) and overlie a relatively thick and impermeable Pierre confining unit. The Pierre confining unit is assumed to be a no-flow boundary at the base of the alluvial/ bedrock aquifer system.
During 1949-90, substantial water-level declines, as large as 50 feet, in the alluvial aquifer resulted from withdrawals from the alluvial aquifer for irrigation and municipal supplies. Average recharge to the alluvial aquifer from infiltration of precipitation and surface water was an estimated 11.97 cubic feet per second and from the underlying bedrock aquifers was an estimated 0.87 cubic foot per second.
Water-level data from eight bedrock observation wells and eight nearby alluvial wells indicate that, locally, the alluvial and bedrock aquifers probably are hydraulically connected and that the alluvial aquifer in the upper Black Squirrel Creek Basin receives recharge from the Denver and Arapahoe aquifers but-locally recharges the Laramie-Fox Hills aquifer.
Subsurface-temperature profiles were evaluated as a means of estimating specific discharge across the bedrock surface (the base of the alluvial aquifer). However, assumptions of the analytical method were not met by field conditions and, thus, analyses of subsurface-temperature profiles did not reliably estimate specific discharge across the bedrock surface. The vertical hydraulic diffusivity of a siltstone and sandstone in the lower Denver confining unit was estimated, by an aquifer test, to be about 8 x 10'4 square foot per day.
Physical and chemical characteristics of water from the bedrock aquifers in the study area generally differ from the physical and chemical characteristics of water from the alluvial aquifer, except for the physical and chemical characteristics of water from one bedrock well, which is completed in the Laramie-Fox Hills aquifer. In the southern part of the study area, physical and chemical characteristics of ground water indicate downward flow of water from the alluvial aquifer to the Laramie-Fox Hills aquifer.
A three-dimensional numerical model was used to evaluate flow of water between the alluvial aquifer and underlying bedrock. Simulation of steady-state conditions indicates that flow from the bedrock aquifers to the alluvial aquifer was about 7 percent of recharge to the alluvial aquifer, about 0.87 cubic foot per second. The potential effects of withdrawal from the alluvial and bedrock aquifers at estimated (October 1989 to September 1990) rates and from the bedrock aquifers at two larger hypothetical rates were simulated for a 50-year projection period. The model simulations indicate that water levels in the alluvial aquifer will decline an average of 8.6 feet after 50 years of pumping at estimated October 1989 to September 1990 rates. Increases in withdrawals from the bedrock aquifers in El Paso County were simulated to: (1) Capture flow that currently discharges from the bedrock aquifers to springs and streams in upland areas and to the alluvial aquifer, (2) induce flow downward from the alluvial aquifer, and (3) accelerate the rate of waterlevel decline in the alluvial aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944238","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Cherokee Metropolitan District; Colorado Springs Utilities, Water Resources Department; and the Upper Black Squirrel Creek Ground Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Watts, K.R., 1995, Hydrogeology and simulation of flow between the alluvial and bedrock aquifers in the upper Black Squirrel Creek basin, El Paso County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4238, viii, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944238.","productDescription":"viii, 82 p.","costCenters":[{"id":225,"text":"Earth Science Information Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4238/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59170,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4238/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"El Paso County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-104.6642,39.1308],[-104.6072,39.1307],[-104.4958,39.1298],[-104.3854,39.1284],[-104.2733,39.1278],[-104.166,39.1277],[-104.0521,39.1264],[-104.0538,39.0407],[-104.0544,38.9528],[-104.0549,38.8666],[-104.0537,38.7801],[-104.0525,38.693],[-104.051,38.6585],[-104.0524,38.6069],[-104.054,38.523],[-104.1629,38.5215],[-104.2759,38.5204],[-104.2794,38.5205],[-104.2836,38.5201],[-104.3759,38.52],[-104.4971,38.5192],[-104.6071,38.5187],[-104.7171,38.5186],[-104.736,38.5183],[-104.8295,38.5183],[-104.943,38.5175],[-104.9432,38.5479],[-104.943,38.5624],[-104.9429,38.6041],[-104.9427,38.6186],[-104.9429,38.6467],[-104.9429,38.6503],[-104.9427,38.6621],[-104.9427,38.6648],[-104.9428,38.6938],[-104.9399,38.6938],[-104.9386,38.7808],[-104.939,38.7949],[-105.0671,38.7946],[-105.0674,38.8666],[-105.0502,38.8665],[-105.0296,38.8668],[-105.026,39.0413],[-105.032,39.1311],[-104.9371,39.1312],[-104.9175,39.131],[-104.8303,39.1311],[-104.6642,39.1308]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"El Paso\",\"state\":\"CO\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af0e4b07f02db6916df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watts, Kenneth R.","contributorId":43783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29591,"text":"wri954001 - 1995 - Total and non-seasalt sulfate and chloride measured in bulk precipitation samples from the Kilauea Volcano area, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-03T20:07:14.838635","indexId":"wri954001","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4001","title":"Total and non-seasalt sulfate and chloride measured in bulk precipitation samples from the Kilauea Volcano area, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Six-month cumulative precipitation samples provide estimates of bulk deposition of sulfate and chloride for the southeast part of the Island of Hawaii during four time periods: August 1991 to February 1992, February 1992 to September 1992, March 1993 to September 1993, and September 1993 to February 1994. Total estimated bulk deposition rates for sulfate ranged from 0.12 to 24 grams per square meter per 180 days, and non-seasalt sulfate deposition ranged from 0.06 to 24 grams per square meter per 180 days. Patterns of non-seasalt sulfate deposition were generally related to prevailing wind directions and the proximity of the collection site to large sources of sulfur gases, namely Kilauea Volcano's summit and East Rift Zone eruption. Total chloride deposition from bulk precipitation samples ranged from 0.01 to 17 grams per square meter per 180 days. Chloride appeared to be predominantly from oceanic sources, as non- seasalt chloride deposition was near zero for most sites.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri954001","usgsCitation":"Scholl, M.A., and Ingebritsen, S.E., 1995, Total and non-seasalt sulfate and chloride measured in bulk precipitation samples from the Kilauea Volcano area, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4001, vi, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954001.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"37","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407816,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48125.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58420,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4001/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4001/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.665283203125,\n 19.062117883514652\n ],\n [\n -154.7314453125,\n 19.062117883514652\n ],\n [\n -154.7314453125,\n 19.629653250428277\n ],\n [\n -155.665283203125,\n 19.629653250428277\n ],\n [\n -155.665283203125,\n 19.062117883514652\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629afe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, M. A.","contributorId":86365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":17819,"text":"ofr94705 - 1995 - Volcanic investigations in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, April to May 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-14T09:44:54","indexId":"ofr94705","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-705","title":"Volcanic investigations in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, April to May 1994","docAbstract":"A team of U.S. Geological Survey geologists, a seismologist, and technicians gathered new geologic, seismic, and deformation data in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). Nine volcanic islands on the active East Mariana Ridge north of Saipan were examined between April 20 and May 3, 1994. In addition, a new radio-telemetry seismic station was installed on the island of Agrihan (also spelled Agrigan). This report describes our continuing efforts, that began in May 1981, to establish volcano monitors and to assess hazards in the CNMI. Our previous visits, from September 1990 to May 1992, are documented in Moore and others (1991, 1993).
\nRegional seismicity of the Mariana Island region, as recorded by the USGS National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC), included at least 324 events between January 1, 1991, and February 4, 1994. The largest event was a M 8.1 Guam earthquake on August 8, 1993, which caused extensive damage to that island and was felt on Saipan. Intermittent seismic activity continues to occur in the Anatahan-Sarigan, Guguan-Alamagan-Pagan, and PaganAgrihan-Asuncion areas.
\nMount Pagan volcano was actively erupting ash during our 11 days on the island of Pagan. We were able to document seismicity and ground deformation associated with this volcanic activity. None of the other subaerial volcanoes in the chain showed signs of eruptive activity during our visit, but an overflight in a fixed-wing aircraft by geologist Richard Moore and CNMI Lieutenant Governor Jesus Borja detected an apparent submarine eruption between Farallon de Pajaros (also known as Uracas or Uracus) and Maug. The only surveillance of the three uninhabited islands of Farallon de Pajaros, Maug, and Sarigan was by aerial reconnaissance. Geologists studied the other six islands in greater detail by field mapping and aerial surveillance.
\nElectronic distance measurement (EDM) permanent-glass monitor lines were measured on Agrihan, Pagan, and Anatahan. The majority of line-length changes on Agrihan were insignificant (<16 mm). Mount Pagan's south EDM monitor was reestablished, and 1994 results, compared with 1983 measurements, show large changes associated with renewed volcanic activity. Contractions of 59 mm (stations INS to REF) and 157 mm (stations INS to MID) were measured on the south monitor. The southwest Pagan EDM monitor showed a 56 mm contraction for the same period (stations PAGAN 1 to RIDGE 2). Line-length change of this sense and magnitude usually indicates that inflation has occurred in the volcano. Measurements during the 1994 visit to Pagan Island showed no significant changes (for all measurements made during April-May 1994). Anatahan also showed changes as large as -50 mm, accumulated over a time span of approximately two years.
\nTemperatures and pH values of hot spring waters on Agrihan, Pagan, and Anatahan and fumaroles on Agrihan and Anatahan were measured. The temperature data indicated no significant change in the state of these volcanoes since 1992. We collected warm spring water from Lagoonam Sanhalom (Inland Lake) near Mount Pagan. In addition, we started geologic mapping on Asuncion and Guguan, collected charcoal to date three eruptions of Mount Pagan, and collected rocks on Asuncion, Guguan, Pagan, and Alamagan for petrographic and chemical studies.
\nWe conclude that the low and infrequent shallow seismicity, lack of significant deformation, and low fumarole temperatures suggest that no eruption is likely soon on Agrihan and Alamagan. Anatahan's deformation pattern continues to behave in an erratic manner. Because f the lack of seismicity, it seems unlikely that an eruption of Anatahan will occur soon. The persistent volcanic tremor and significant EDM changes on Mount Pagan mean that small explosive eruptions will continue to occur.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr94705","usgsCitation":"Sako, M., Trusdell, F., Koyanagi, R.Y., Kojima, G., and Moore, R.B., 1995, Volcanic investigations in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, April to May 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-705, Report: 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94705.","productDescription":"Report: 57 p.","numberOfPages":"57","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":47057,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0705/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0705/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia","otherGeospatial":"Mariana Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 144.03076171875,\n 13.859413869074032\n ],\n [\n 148.42529296875,\n 13.859413869074032\n ],\n [\n 148.42529296875,\n 19.9526963975442\n ],\n [\n 144.03076171875,\n 19.9526963975442\n ],\n [\n 144.03076171875,\n 13.859413869074032\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4919e4b07f02db572bee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sako, M. K.","contributorId":50152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sako","given":"M. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trusdell, F. A.","contributorId":57471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koyanagi, R. Y.","contributorId":35719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koyanagi","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kojima, George","contributorId":53819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kojima","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moore, R. B.","contributorId":98720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":21019,"text":"ofr95101 - 1995 - Selected hydrologic data for Juab Valley, Utah, 1935-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T13:45:24","indexId":"ofr95101","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-101","title":"Selected hydrologic data for Juab Valley, Utah, 1935-94","docAbstract":"This report contains selected hydrologic data collected in Juab Valley, Utah, from 1935 to 1994. The study area is in eastern Juab County in central Utah. The area is bounded on the east by the Wasatch Range and San Pitch Mountains and on the west by Long Ridge and West Hills. A ground-water divide exists south of Levan Ridge, a topographic divide that separates the valley into northern and southern parts. The area is in the Basin and Range Physiographic Province described by Fenneman (1931) and includes about 171 square miles of basin-fill deposits (pl. 1).
Most of the data in this report were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Central Utah Water Conservancy District and the East Juab Water Conservancy District. Some of the earlier data were published previously by Bjorklund (1967) and Bjorklund and Robinson (1968). Some well-location names have been changed from those published previously because new larger-scale maps allow location to be plotted more accurately. The changes are footnoted in the tables.
The purpose of this report is to provide hydrologic data for use by the general public and by officials managing the water resources of the area and to supplement interpretive reports for the area. Selected well, spring, surface-water, and rock-sample data are reported in tables 1 to 10. Selected data, including well depth and water level, are reported for 283 wells, and results of chemical analyses are reported for samples from 74 wells, 15 springs, and 7 surface-water sites. The numbering system used in Utah for hydrologic data sites is shown in figure 1. Locations of the hydrologic-data sites and the rock-sample site are shown on plate 1. Discharge-measurement sites on Salt Creek, on selected canals, and in the West Creek area are shown in figure 2.
These data could not have been collected without the cooperation of local residents and officials of irrigation companies and municipalities that permitted access to their wells, springs, and property.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr95101","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Central Utah Water Conservancy District and the East Juab Water Conservancy District","usgsCitation":"Steiger, J.I., 1995, Selected hydrologic data for Juab Valley, Utah, 1935-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-101, Report: iv, 85 p.; Plate: 15.00 in x 25.00 in, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95101.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 85 p.; Plate: 15.00 in x 25.00 in","numberOfPages":"89","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0101/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":19374,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0101/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":50593,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0101/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Juab Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aade4b07f02db66b2d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steiger, Judy I. jsteiger@usgs.gov","contributorId":3689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steiger","given":"Judy","email":"jsteiger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":183693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33113,"text":"b1995HI - 1995 - Conglomerates of the upper middle Eocene to lower Miocene Sespe Formation along the Santa Ynez Fault; implications for the geologic history of the eastern Santa Maria Basin area, California. Reconnaissance bulk-rock and clay mineralogies of argillaceous Great Valley an Franciscan strata, Santa Maria Basin Province, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":33113,"text":"b1995HI - 1995 - Conglomerates of the upper middle Eocene to lower Miocene Sespe Formation along the Santa Ynez Fault; implications for the geologic history of the eastern Santa Maria Basin area, California. Reconnaissance bulk-rock and clay mineralogies of argillaceous Great Valley an Franciscan strata, Santa Maria Basin Province, California","indexId":"b1995HI","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"chapter":"H,I","title":"Conglomerates of the upper middle Eocene to lower Miocene Sespe Formation along the Santa Ynez Fault; implications for the geologic history of the eastern Santa Maria Basin area, California. Reconnaissance bulk-rock and clay mineralogies of argillaceous Great Valley an Franciscan strata, Santa Maria Basin Province, California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33200,"text":"b1995 - 1991 - Evolution of sedimentary basins/onshore oil and gas investigations: Santa Maria Province","indexId":"b1995","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins/onshore oil and gas investigations: Santa Maria Province"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33200,"text":"b1995 - 1991 - Evolution of sedimentary basins/onshore oil and gas investigations: Santa Maria Province","indexId":"b1995","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins/onshore oil and gas investigations: Santa Maria Province"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-03T21:08:25.396057","indexId":"b1995HI","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1995","chapter":"H,I","title":"Conglomerates of the upper middle Eocene to lower Miocene Sespe Formation along the Santa Ynez Fault; implications for the geologic history of the eastern Santa Maria Basin area, California. Reconnaissance bulk-rock and clay mineralogies of argillaceous Great Valley an Franciscan strata, Santa Maria Basin Province, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Evolution of Sedimentary Basins/Offshore Oil and Gas Investigations?Santa Maria Province","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1995HI","usgsCitation":"Howard, J.L., Pollastro, R.M., McLean, H., and Zink, L.L., 1995, Conglomerates of the upper middle Eocene to lower Miocene Sespe Formation along the Santa Ynez Fault; implications for the geologic history of the eastern Santa Maria Basin area, California. Reconnaissance bulk-rock and clay mineralogies of argillaceous Great Valley an Franciscan strata, Santa Maria Basin Province, California: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1995, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1995HI.","productDescription":"50 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":60912,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1995h-i/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1995h-i/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":401724,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22230.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Maria basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 34\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697448","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":54067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollastro, Richard M.","contributorId":25100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollastro","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLean, Hugh","contributorId":73977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLean","given":"Hugh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zink, Laura L.","contributorId":33579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zink","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":28006,"text":"wri944251 - 1995 - Simulation of ground-water flow in the Albuquerque Basin, central New Mexico, 1901-1994, with projections to 2020","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T12:06:35","indexId":"wri944251","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4251","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in the Albuquerque Basin, central New Mexico, 1901-1994, with projections to 2020","docAbstract":"This report describes a three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water-flow model of the Santa Fe Group aquifer system in the Albuquerque Basin, which comprises the Santa Fe Group (late Oligocene to middle Pleistocene age) and overlying valley and basin-fill deposits (Pleistocene to Holocene age). The model is designed to be flexible and adaptive to new geologic and hydrologic information as it becomes available, by using a geographic information system as a data-base manager to interface with the model. The aquifer system was defined and quantified in the model consistent with the current (July 1994) understanding of the structural and geohydrologic framework of the basin. Rather than putting the model through a rigorous calibration process, discrepancies between simulated and measured responses in hydraulic head were taken to indicate that the understanding of a local part of the aquifer system was incomplete or incorrect.
The model simulates ground-water flow over an area of about 2,400 square miles to a depth of 1,730 to about 2,020 feet below the water table with 244 rows, 178 columns, and 11 layers. Of the 477,752 cells in the model, 310,376 are active. The top four model layers approximate the 80- foot thickness of alluvium in the incised and refilled valley of the Rio Grande to provide detail of the effect of ground-water withdrawals on the surface-water system. Away from the valley, these four layers represent the interval within the Santa Fe Group aquifer system between the computed predevelopment water table and a level 80 feet below the grade of the Rio Grande. The simulations include initial conditions (steady-state), the 1901-1994 historical period, and four possible ground-water withdrawal scenarios from 1994 to 2020.
The model indicates that for the year ending in March 1994, net surface-water loss in the basin resulting from the City of Albuquerque's ground-water withdrawal totaled about 53,000 acre-feet. The balance of the about 123,000 acre-feet of withdrawal came from aquifer storage depletion (about 67,800 acre-feet) and captured or salvaged evapotranspiration (about 2,500 acrefeet).
In the four scenarios projected from 1994 to 2020, City of Albuquerque annual withdrawals ranged from about 98,700 to about 177,000 acre-feet by the year 2020. The range of resulting surface-water loss was from about 62,000 to about 77,000 acre-feet. The range of aquifer storage depletion was from about 33,400 to about 95,900 acre-feet. Captured evapotranspiration and drain-return flow remained nearly constant for all scenarios. From 1994 to 2020, maximum projected declines in hydraulic head in the primary water-production zone of the aquifer (model layer 9) for the four scenarios ranged from 55 to 164 feet east of the Rio Grande and from 91 to 258 feet west of the river. Average declines in a 383.7-square-mile area around Albuquerque ranged from 28 to 65 feet in the production zone for the same period.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944251","usgsCitation":"Kernodle, J.M., McAda, D.P., and Thorn, C.R., 1995, Simulation of ground-water flow in the Albuquerque Basin, central New Mexico, 1901-1994, with projections to 2020: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4251, Report: ix, 114 p.; Plate: 20.31 x 31.54 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944251.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 114 p.; Plate: 20.31 x 31.54 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4251/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56832,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4251/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359554,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4251/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Albuquerque Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.375,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -106.125,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -106.125,\n 35.75\n ],\n [\n -107.375,\n 35.75\n ],\n [\n -107.375,\n 34.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2a40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kernodle, J. M.","contributorId":81139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kernodle","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McAda, D. P.","contributorId":93066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAda","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thorn, C. R.","contributorId":100879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70199737,"text":"70199737 - 1995 - Effects of geothermal development on deformation in the Long Valley Caldera, eastern California, 1985-1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-07T18:27:50","indexId":"70199737","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-10T13:57:55","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of geothermal development on deformation in the Long Valley Caldera, eastern California, 1985-1994","docAbstract":"Long Valley caldera in east central California has been the site of crustal unrest in the form of seismicity and ground deformation in response to magmatic inflation since 1980. Uplift of the resurgent dome has totaled ∼0.6 m over the 1975–1992 period. Within this region of uplift, and near the southwestern edge of the resurgent dome, is the Casa Diablo area, which experienced relative subsidence of 0.17 m between 1985 and 1992. Geothermal fluid production began at Casa Diablo in 1985 to supply a binary electric power plant; currently, three such plants generate a total of about 40 MW of electricity. The plants are supplied by 170°C water pumped from depths near 150m; all the produced water is reinjected at cooler temperatures at depths near 600 m. Analyses of data from (1) regional leveling lines and a network of bench marks in the geothermal well field area, (2) tilt observations from an L‐shaped array of bench marks, and (3) calculations relating pressure and temperature changes to subsidence indicate that relative subsidence at Casa Diablo results mainly from reductions in pressure in the shallow production reservoir and overlying formations and reductions in temperature in the underlying injection reservoir. Secondary effects on deformation are caused by offsets along the Taylor‐Bryant fault bounding the west side of the well field.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95JB00955","usgsCitation":"Sorey, M., Farrar, C.D., Marshall, G., and Howie, J., 1995, Effects of geothermal development on deformation in the Long Valley Caldera, eastern California, 1985-1994: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 100, no. B7, p. 12475-12486, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JB00955.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"12475","endPage":"12486","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357795,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera","volume":"100","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c110f3be4b034bf6a8114f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farrar, C. D.","contributorId":71978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marshall, G.A.","contributorId":42615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howie, J.F.","contributorId":208204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howie","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":25534,"text":"wri944127 - 1995 - Geohydrology, water quality, and nitrogen geochemistry in the saturated and unsaturated zones beneath various land uses, Riverside and San Bernardino counties, California, 1991-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-12T12:17:48","indexId":"wri944127","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4127","title":"Geohydrology, water quality, and nitrogen geochemistry in the saturated and unsaturated zones beneath various land uses, Riverside and San Bernardino counties, California, 1991-93","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Eastern Municipal Water District, the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, and the Orange County Water District, has completed a detailed study of the Hemet groundwater basin. The quantity of ground water stored in the basin in August 1992 is estimated to be 327,000 acre-feet. Dissolved-solids concentration ranged from 380 to 700 mg/L (milligrams per liter), except in small areas where the concentration exceeded 1,000 mg/L. Nitrate concentrations exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 10 mg/L nitrate (as nitrogen) in the southeastern part of the basin, in the Domenigoni Valley area, and beneath a dairy in the Diamond Valley area.
Seven sites representing selected land uses-- residential, turf grass irrigated with reclaimed water, citrus grove, irrigated farm, poultry farm, and dairy (two sites)--were selected for detailed study of nitrogen geochemistry in the unsaturated zone. For all land uses, nitrate was the dominant nitrogen species in the unsaturated zone.
Although nitrate was seasonally present in the shallow unsaturated zone beneath the residential site, it was absent at moderate depths, suggesting negligible migration of nitrate from the surface at this time. Microbial denitrification probably is occurring in the shallow unsaturated zone. High nitrate concentrations in the deep unsaturated zone (greater than 100 ft) suggest either significantly higher nitrate loading at some time in the past, or lateral movement of nitrate at depth.
Nitrate also is seasonally present in the shallow unsaturated zone beneath the reclaimed-water site, and (in contrast with the residential site), nitrate is perennially present in the deeper unsaturated zone. Microbial denitrification in the unsaturated zone and in the capillary fringe above the water table decreases the concentrations of nitrate in pore water to below the MCL before reaching the water table.
Pore water in the unsaturated zone beneath the citrus grove site contains very high concentrations of nitrate. Even though there are zones of microbial denitrification, nitrate seems to be migrating downward to the water table.
The presence of a shallow perched-water zone beneath the irrigated-farm site prevents the vertical movement of nitrate from the surface to the regional water table. Above the perched zone, nitrate concentrations in the unsaturated zone are variable, ranging from below the MCL to four times the MCL. Periodically, nitrate is flushed from the shallow unsaturated zone to the perched-water zone.
The unsaturated zone pore-moisture quality could not be adequately addressed because of the very dry conditions in the unsaturated zone beneath the poultry-farm site. Surficial clay deposits prevent water from percolating downward.
At the two dairy sites, nitrate loading in pore water at the surface was very high, as great as 7,000 mg/L. Microbial denitrification in the unsaturated zone causes such concentrations to decrease rapidly with depth. At a depth of 20 ft, nitrate concentration was less than 100 mg/L. In areas where the depth to water is less than 20 ft, nitrate loading to ground water can be very high, whereas in areas where depth to water is greater than 100 ft, most of the nitrate is microbially removed before reaching the water table.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944127","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Eastern Municipal Water District, the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, and the Orange County Water District","usgsCitation":"Rees, T.F., Bright, D., Fay, R.G., Christensen, A.H., Anders, R., Baharie, B.S., and Land, M.T., 1995, Geohydrology, water quality, and nitrogen geochemistry in the saturated and unsaturated zones beneath various land uses, Riverside and San Bernardino counties, California, 1991-93: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4127, vii, 267 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944127.","productDescription":"vii, 267 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":54255,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4127/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4127/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County, San Bernardino County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.25,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n -116.5,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n -116.5,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -118.25,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -118.25,\n 33.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8758","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rees, Terry F.","contributorId":9688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rees","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bright, Daniel J. djbright@usgs.gov","contributorId":1758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bright","given":"Daniel J.","email":"djbright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":194083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fay, Ronald G.","contributorId":78808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fay","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christensen, Allen H. 0000-0002-7061-5591 ahchrist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-5591","contributorId":1510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Allen","email":"ahchrist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anders, Robert 0000-0002-2363-9072 randers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2363-9072","contributorId":1210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"Robert","email":"randers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baharie, Brian S.","contributorId":204180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baharie","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Land, Michael T. 0000-0001-5141-0307 mtland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-0307","contributorId":173276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Michael","email":"mtland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":194080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":61350,"text":"mf2296 - 1995 - Detailed lithologic log of the Dow Chemical #1 B.L. Garrigan Drill Hole, Mississippi County, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-10T20:58:58.611046","indexId":"mf2296","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2296","title":"Detailed lithologic log of the Dow Chemical #1 B.L. Garrigan Drill Hole, Mississippi County, Arkansas","docAbstract":"The geology and tectonic setting of the New Madrid region in southeastern Missouri has received considerable attention because of the area's high seismic activity. The largest recorded earthquakes in this area occurred in the winter of 1811-1812. These earthquakes has estimated magnitudes as large as 8.0 on the Richter scale (Johnsonton and Kanter, 1990) and affected an area of about 1 million square miles (Fuller, 1912). Today, an area of continuously high seismic activity defines the New Madrid seismic zone, which extends from northeastern Arkansas into southeastern Missouri and northwestern Tennessee. Seismicity is locally concentrated along two subsurface archers--the Blytheville and Pascola (Hildenbrand and others, 1977; Crone and others, 1985; Hildenbrand, 1985; McKeown, 1988). The Padcola arch is not pertinent to this study and, therefore will not be discusses further. The Blytheville arch is located in and is subparallel to the axis of the northeast-southwest-trending Reelfoot structural basin, which formed during early Paleozoic rifting (Ervin and McGinnis, 1975; fig. 1). The Reelfoot basin is filled with Cambrian and Ordovician sedimentary rocks (Grohskopf, 1955; Howe, 1984; Houseknevht, 1989; Collins and others, 1992) that are uncomfortably overlain by Cretacaous and Tertiary sedimentary rocks and underlain by crystalline rocks of the eastern granite-rhyolite province (see Bickford and others, 1986). The presence of some Late Proterozoic sedimentary rocks in the Reelfoot basin currently cannot be ruled out. The Dow Chemical #1 B.L. Garrigan drill hole (hereafter, Garrigan) penetrated Paleozoic rocks on the Blytheville arch. The Garrigan is locted in the Reelfoot basin in the NW1/4, NW1/4 sec. 28, T. 15 N., R. 10 E., Mississippi County, Arkansas (fig. 1) and was completed to a total depth of 12,038 ft from a ground elevation of 239 ft on April 11, 1982 (Swolfs, 1991). The Garrigan is the only reported drill hole that penetrates the subsurface Blytheville arch and is an important source of core from the Reelfoot basin (Collins and others, 1992). Therefore, this drill hole is important for understanding structure and Paleozoic stratigraphy in a basin where stratigraphic and structural data are sparse. Rocks in the Garrigan were originally logged and described by J.R. Howe (personal communication to D.S. Collins, 1990) and published as a composite stratigraphic section along with the rock description for the Dow Chemical #1 Wilson drill hole (Howe, 1984). F.A. McKeown later relogged the rocks in the Garrigan and presented a generalized log in McKeown and others (1990). Swolfs (1991) presented another version of the Garrigan drill-hole geologic section (fig. 2). Aided by new biostratigraphic information, Taylor and others (1991) corrected major errors in the characterization and correlation of rocks in the Garrigan (fig. 2). Collins (1991) described the insoluble residues from the cuttings of the Garrigan, but could not correlate them with the insoluble resides from rocks of the carbonate platform west of the basin. However Taylor and others (1991), Collins and others (1992), and Collins and Bohm (1993) did correlate fossils from the Garrigan to other drill holes in the Reelfoot basin and adjacent areas. Using these correlated data, Collins and Bohm (1993) provided information on the structural relief across a part of the Reelfoot basin. Collins and others (1992) also interpreted the depositional setting for the Paleozoic rocks of the Garrigan. This report presents a detailed lithologic log of the Paleozoic rocks penetrated by the Garrigan that differs from the lithologic logs of previous workers (Howe, 1984; McKeown and others, 1990; see also Dart, 1992, p. 18-19). The lithologic descriptions of the Garrigan are derived from observations of well cuttings and core. Cored intervals used were 11,426-11,402 ft, 10,229-10,200 ft, and 8,002-7,979 ft. These intervals were the only intervals cored during the Garrigan drill project. Detailed analyses of the core will be described in a subsequent report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf2296","usgsCitation":"Collins, D.S., and Skipp, G.L., 1995, Detailed lithologic log of the Dow Chemical #1 B.L. Garrigan Drill Hole, Mississippi County, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2296, 2 Plates: 40.99 x 60.03 inches and 40.84 x 58.40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2296.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 40.99 x 60.03 inches and 40.84 x 58.40 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":490340,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5916.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282183,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2296/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":282184,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2296/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":180126,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf2296.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","county":"Mississippi County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.1,35.876944 ], [ -90.1,35.926111 ], [ -90.016667,35.926111 ], [ -90.016667,35.876944 ], [ -90.1,35.876944 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667cfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, Donley S.","contributorId":93906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Donley","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skipp, Gary L. 0000-0002-9404-0980 gskipp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9404-0980","contributorId":2102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skipp","given":"Gary","email":"gskipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":265486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31871,"text":"ofr954 - 1995 - Preliminary geologic map of the Lunenburg and Fort Mitchell 7.5' quadrangles, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-10T10:53:43","indexId":"ofr954","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Lunenburg and Fort Mitchell 7.5' quadrangles, Virginia","docAbstract":"The Lunenburg and Fort Mitchell 7.5' quadrangles have been mapped as part of the Geology of the South-Central Virginia Piedmont Project, a regional geologic mapping project of the U.S. Geological Survey. The two quadrangles include parts of Lunenburg, Mecklenburg, and Charlotte counties, and are located in the east-central part of the South Boston 30'x60' quadrangle (Figure 1). A preliminary geologic map of this quadrangle has been published (Norton and others, 1993), and a reconnaissance map by Laney (1917) includes the western Fort Mitchell quadrangle. Aeromagnetic and aeroradioactivity maps that include the field area have been published by the U.S. Geological Survey (1978a, 1978b). The Lunenburg and Fort Mitchell quadrangles are adjacent to the north and northwest, respectively, to the previously mapped Wightman 7.5' quadrangle (Burton, 1993; Figure 1).
With respect to geologic provinces, the Lunenburg and Fort Mitchell quadrangles are located within the Carolina slate belt of the Carolina Terrane (Figure 1) and have not been previously mapped in detail. The Carolina slate belt in this area consists of volcanic and sedimentary rocks and associated intrusive igneous rocks that possess a regional slatey cleavage and have been subjected to lower greenschistfacies metamorphism. An earlier, pre-cleavage deformation and low-grade metamorphism may have occurred in the Late Proterozoic (Glover and Sinha, 1973). The rocks are locally poorly dated but probably are Late Proterozoic and Early Cambrian in age (Butler and Secor, 1991, and references therein). The Carolina slate belt may represent a subduction-related volcanic arc (Butler and Secor, 1991), or riftedarc complex (Feiss and others, 1993). Geochemical analysis and radioisotopic dating (U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar) of slate belt rocks in the South Boston 30 x 60' quadrangle by the U.S.G.S. are in progress.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr954","usgsCitation":"Burton, W.C., 1995, Preliminary geologic map of the Lunenburg and Fort Mitchell 7.5' quadrangles, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-4, Report: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 38.34 x 28.98 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr954.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 38.34 x 28.98 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0004/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60060,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0004/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":354052,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0004/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","datum":"National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.5,\n 36.875\n ],\n [\n -78.25,\n 36.875\n ],\n [\n -78.25,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -78.5,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -78.5,\n 36.875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b0f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, William C. 0000-0001-7519-5787 bburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-5787","contributorId":1293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"William","email":"bburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":207136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31878,"text":"ofr95128 - 1995 - Surficial geologic map of northern Adak Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-29T18:24:53.034738","indexId":"ofr95128","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-128","title":"Surficial geologic map of northern Adak Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"Surficial deposits on northern Adak Island, Alaska include a variety of volcanic, glacial, eolian, and beach sediments. These deposits are the primary water-bearing units on the island and their distri- bution is shown on the accompanying surficial geologic map. An extensive sequence of volcanic debris-flow deposits (lahars) was identified on the eastern slope of Mount Moffett. The sedimentary characteristics of the lahar deposits indicate that they are related to volcanic eruptions of Mount Moffett and are evidence for Holocene volcanic activity at this volcano. Similar lahar deposits also are present on the southern slopes of Mount Adagdak. The surficial geologic map units described in the report are a basis for island-wide assess- ments of ground-water conditions, aquifer proper- ties, and general hydrogeologic conditions, and will be useful for determining the availability of potential construction materials.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95128","usgsCitation":"Waythomas, C.F., 1995, Surficial geologic map of northern Adak Island, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-128, iv, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95128.","productDescription":"iv, 6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":397786,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19158.htm"},{"id":60066,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0128/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0128/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Adak Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -176.824951171875,\n 51.78483389373529\n ],\n [\n -176.50909423828125,\n 51.78483389373529\n ],\n [\n -176.50909423828125,\n 52.02376856867204\n ],\n [\n -176.824951171875,\n 52.02376856867204\n ],\n [\n -176.824951171875,\n 51.78483389373529\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6890fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waythomas, C. F.","contributorId":10065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38213,"text":"pp1538L - 1995 - Gravity of the New Madrid seismic zone; a preliminary study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:01","indexId":"pp1538L","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1538","chapter":"L","title":"Gravity of the New Madrid seismic zone; a preliminary study","docAbstract":"In the winter of 1811-12, three of the largest historic earthquakes in the United States occurred near New Madrid, Mo. Seismicity continues to the present day throughout a tightly clustered pattern of epicenters centered on the bootheel of Missouri, including parts of northeastern Arkansas, northwestern Tennessee, western Kentucky, and southern Illinois. In 1990, the New Madrid seismic zone/Central United States became the first seismically active region east of the Rocky Mountains to be designated a priority research area within the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP). This Professional Paper is a collection of papers, some published separately, presenting results of the newly intensified research program in this area. Major components of this research program include tectonic framework studies, seismicity and deformation monitoring and modeling, improved seismic hazard and risk assessments, and cooperative hazard mitigation studies.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1538L","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., 1995, Gravity of the New Madrid seismic zone; a preliminary study: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1538, p. L1-L18, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1538L.","productDescription":"p. L1-L18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1538l/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64516,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1538l/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a24ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":219346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018833,"text":"70018833 - 1995 - Source parameters and crustal Q for four earthquakes in South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T16:47:27.902508","indexId":"70018833","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source parameters and crustal Q for four earthquakes in South Carolina","docAbstract":"Two three-component seismometers (one surface and one borehole) were re-installed on the Savannah River Site (SRS), South Carolina in July 1992 to determine attenuation in the Coastal Plain sediment wedge and source parameters of local earthquakes. Four earthquakes M ∼ 1.8 to 3.6 were recorded during the next 6 months. The largest event was located near Summerville within the meizoseismal area for the 1886 Charleston earthquake. Two shocks were located 50 km to the east near Neeses, and one was located 20 km north of the SRS near Aiken. Although source parameters have been determined from strong motion data and short-period regional networks for east coast earthquakes, such as the Saguenay, Nahanni, and Mt. Laurier earthquakes (e.g., Atkinson, 1993), these are some of the first source parameters determined from broad-band digital recorders. Seismograms for the Summerville event are also available from Chapel Hill, North Carolina and Blacksburg, Virginia, providing estimates of t* beyond 200 km. Here we determine source parameters such as moment, stress drop, and the attenuation parameter t* using a non-linear least-squares algorithm. We do not correct for site response because the deepest borehole is not below the Coastal Plain sediments (about 300m thick at this site) and because only one station is available for most of the data. Values of t* are marginally higher from seismograms recorded at the surface when compared to records from the 91m depth borehole seismograph. A value of 170-200 bars was determined for the Brune stress drop of the Summerville event using the borehole data, which is high compared to a value of 50 bars usually specified for modeling strong motion in western North America, but similar to other estimates for eastern North America. A higher stress drop leads to a higher seismic risk because peak acceleration is approximately proportional to stress drop. Moreover, mid- to upper-crustal Qs are in the range of 2,000 to 3,000, which would permit the propagation of high frequency seismic waves. A comparison of the surface records from the SRS with a record from the USGS dense array at Parkfield, CA for an event at about the same distance range and moment as the Summerville event-SRS case shows that the peak acceleration of the Summerville event is 16 times higher than that for the event from California (stress drop of 21 bars).
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.66.4.44","issn":"08950695","usgsCitation":"Fletcher, J.B., 1995, Source parameters and crustal Q for four earthquakes in South Carolina: Seismological Research Letters, v. 66, no. 4, p. 44-61, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.66.4.44.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"44","endPage":"61","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226661,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-79.290754,33.110051],[-79.329909,33.089986],[-79.337169,33.072302],[-79.335346,33.065362],[-79.339313,33.050336],[-79.359961,33.006672],[-79.403712,33.003903],[-79.416515,33.006815],[-79.423447,33.015085],[-79.483499,33.001265],[-79.488727,33.015832],[-79.506923,33.032813],[-79.522449,33.03535],[-79.55756,33.021269],[-79.580725,33.006447],[-79.58659,32.991334],[-79.606615,32.972248],[-79.617611,32.952726],[-79.617715,32.94487],[-79.606194,32.925953],[-79.585897,32.926461],[-79.581687,32.931341],[-79.572614,32.933885],[-79.569762,32.926692],[-79.576006,32.906235],[-79.631149,32.888606],[-79.695141,32.850398],[-79.702956,32.835781],[-79.719879,32.825796],[-79.716761,32.813627],[-79.726389,32.805996],[-79.811021,32.77696],[-79.818237,32.766352],[-79.84035,32.756816],[-79.848527,32.755248],[-79.866742,32.757422],[-79.872232,32.752128],[-79.873605,32.745657],[-79.868352,32.734849],[-79.870336,32.727777],[-79.888028,32.695177],[-79.884961,32.684402],[-79.915682,32.664915],[-79.968468,32.639732],[-79.975248,32.639537],[-79.986917,32.626388],[-79.99175,32.616389],[-79.999374,32.611851],[-80.010505,32.608852],[-80.037276,32.610236],[-80.077039,32.603319],[-80.121368,32.590523],[-80.148406,32.578479],[-80.167286,32.559885],[-80.171764,32.546118],[-80.188401,32.553604],[-80.20523,32.555547],[-80.246361,32.531114],[-80.277681,32.516161],[-80.332438,32.478104],[-80.338354,32.47873],[-80.343883,32.490795],[-80.363956,32.496098],[-80.380716,32.486359],[-80.386827,32.47881],[-80.392561,32.475332],[-80.413487,32.470672],[-80.417896,32.476076],[-80.418502,32.490894],[-80.423454,32.497989],[-80.439407,32.503472],[-80.452078,32.497286],[-80.46571,32.4953],[-80.472068,32.496964],[-80.48025,32.477407],[-80.484617,32.460976],[-80.480156,32.447048],[-80.467588,32.425259],[-80.446075,32.423721],[-80.43296,32.410659],[-80.429941,32.401782],[-80.429291,32.389667],[-80.434303,32.375193],[-80.445451,32.350335],[-80.456814,32.336884],[-80.455192,32.326458],[-80.466342,32.31917],[-80.517871,32.298796],[-80.545688,32.282076],[-80.571096,32.273278],[-80.596394,32.273549],[-80.618286,32.260183],[-80.638857,32.255618],[-80.658634,32.248638],[-80.669166,32.216783],[-80.688857,32.200971],[-80.721463,32.160427],[-80.749091,32.140137],[-80.789996,32.122494],[-80.812503,32.109746],[-80.82153,32.108589],[-80.828394,32.113222],[-80.831531,32.112709],[-80.844431,32.109709],[-80.858735,32.099581],[-80.905378,32.051943],[-80.892344,32.043764],[-80.885517,32.0346],[-80.922794,32.039151],[-80.954482,32.068622],[-80.983133,32.079609],[-80.994333,32.094608],[-81.002297,32.100048],[-81.011961,32.100176],[-81.021622,32.090897],[-81.032674,32.08545],[-81.050234,32.085308],[-81.060442,32.087503],[-81.088234,32.10395],[-81.091498,32.110782],[-81.111134,32.112005],[-81.117234,32.117605],[-81.119994,32.134268],[-81.118334,32.144403],[-81.122034,32.161803],[-81.129634,32.165602],[-81.128134,32.169102],[-81.119434,32.175402],[-81.120434,32.178702],[-81.118234,32.189201],[-81.12315,32.201329],[-81.128283,32.208634],[-81.136012,32.212858],[-81.143139,32.221731],[-81.156587,32.24391],[-81.148334,32.255098],[-81.145834,32.263397],[-81.136534,32.272697],[-81.128034,32.276297],[-81.119633,32.287596],[-81.122333,32.305395],[-81.137633,32.328194],[-81.133032,32.334794],[-81.133632,32.341293],[-81.142532,32.350893],[-81.147632,32.349393],[-81.150589,32.34587],[-81.154,32.345924],[-81.155032,32.350093],[-81.170126,32.361318],[-81.169332,32.369436],[-81.181072,32.380398],[-81.178131,32.38459],[-81.177231,32.39169],[-81.20513,32.423788],[-81.20843,32.435987],[-81.201595,32.44136],[-81.202359,32.450448],[-81.192629,32.456286],[-81.186829,32.464086],[-81.194829,32.465086],[-81.200029,32.467985],[-81.233585,32.498488],[-81.238728,32.508896],[-81.234834,32.512271],[-81.23466,32.51627],[-81.252882,32.51833],[-81.277131,32.535417],[-81.274927,32.544158],[-81.281298,32.55644],[-81.297955,32.563026],[-81.320588,32.559534],[-81.328753,32.561228],[-81.366964,32.577059],[-81.369757,32.591231],[-81.373178,32.592115],[-81.379216,32.589022],[-81.389261,32.595383],[-81.393865,32.60234],[-81.411906,32.61841],[-81.41866,32.629392],[-81.418431,32.634704],[-81.414761,32.63744],[-81.41026,32.631392],[-81.407271,32.631737],[-81.402846,32.63621],[-81.405109,32.64269],[-81.393033,32.651543],[-81.398314,32.656307],[-81.405273,32.656517],[-81.407193,32.660519],[-81.401029,32.677494],[-81.40831,32.694908],[-81.4131,32.692648],[-81.427517,32.701896],[-81.421194,32.711978],[-81.418542,32.732586],[-81.411549,32.740145],[-81.410281,32.744653],[-81.416198,32.750428],[-81.415212,32.757753],[-81.417606,32.762684],[-81.426481,32.769023],[-81.425636,32.77184],[-81.421269,32.774658],[-81.421128,32.778039],[-81.428313,32.78311],[-81.429017,32.785505],[-81.424999,32.790334],[-81.423772,32.810514],[-81.419752,32.813731],[-81.417984,32.818196],[-81.421614,32.835178],[-81.426475,32.840773],[-81.444866,32.850967],[-81.451199,32.847925],[-81.453949,32.849761],[-81.455978,32.854107],[-81.451351,32.868583],[-81.45392,32.874074],[-81.475918,32.877641],[-81.479445,32.881082],[-81.4771,32.887469],[-81.464069,32.897814],[-81.479184,32.905638],[-81.483198,32.921802],[-81.502427,32.935353],[-81.502716,32.938688],[-81.499446,32.944988],[-81.507045,32.951194],[-81.508536,32.957156],[-81.506449,32.962423],[-81.49983,32.963816],[-81.494736,32.978998],[-81.491197,32.997824],[-81.492253,33.009342],[-81.50203,33.015113],[-81.511245,33.027786],[-81.519632,33.029181],[-81.538789,33.039185],[-81.544258,33.046905],[-81.553643,33.044137],[-81.557013,33.0451],[-81.559179,33.047386],[-81.560502,33.055207],[-81.57288,33.05418],[-81.588539,33.07085],[-81.594555,33.069887],[-81.599248,33.071813],[-81.600211,33.075182],[-81.598165,33.081078],[-81.601655,33.084688],[-81.608995,33.0818],[-81.609476,33.089862],[-81.612725,33.093953],[-81.617779,33.095277],[-81.637232,33.092952],[-81.646433,33.094552],[-81.658433,33.103152],[-81.683533,33.112651],[-81.696934,33.116551],[-81.704634,33.116451],[-81.743835,33.14145],[-81.763135,33.159449],[-81.766735,33.170749],[-81.772435,33.180449],[-81.765735,33.187948],[-81.760635,33.189248],[-81.756935,33.197848],[-81.763535,33.203648],[-81.768935,33.217447],[-81.774035,33.221147],[-81.780135,33.221147],[-81.777535,33.211347],[-81.784535,33.208147],[-81.805236,33.211447],[-81.807936,33.213747],[-81.809636,33.222647],[-81.827936,33.228746],[-81.837016,33.237652],[-81.846536,33.241746],[-81.851979,33.247382],[-81.853137,33.250745],[-81.847336,33.266345],[-81.840078,33.26704],[-81.838257,33.272975],[-81.844036,33.278644],[-81.851836,33.283544],[-81.861336,33.286244],[-81.863236,33.288844],[-81.861536,33.297944],[-81.849636,33.299544],[-81.846136,33.303843],[-81.847296,33.306783],[-81.867936,33.314043],[-81.875836,33.307443],[-81.884137,33.310443],[-81.886637,33.316943],[-81.897329,33.322331],[-81.896937,33.327642],[-81.900301,33.331117],[-81.906444,33.324181],[-81.909285,33.324181],[-81.919137,33.334442],[-81.917973,33.34159],[-81.924737,33.345341],[-81.932737,33.343541],[-81.939737,33.344941],[-81.934837,33.356041],[-81.944737,33.364041],[-81.946337,33.37064],[-81.939637,33.37254],[-81.930634,33.368165],[-81.925737,33.37114],[-81.924837,33.37414],[-81.930861,33.380076],[-81.936961,33.404197],[-81.92306,33.408266],[-81.920121,33.410753],[-81.91933,33.415613],[-81.924893,33.419307],[-81.927241,33.422846],[-81.926789,33.426576],[-81.924981,33.429288],[-81.916236,33.433114],[-81.913356,33.437418],[-81.913532,33.441274],[-81.926336,33.462937],[-81.934136,33.468337],[-81.985938,33.486536],[-81.990938,33.494235],[-81.991938,33.504435],[-82.001338,33.520135],[-82.007138,33.522835],[-82.011538,33.531735],[-82.019838,33.535035],[-82.028238,33.544934],[-82.033023,33.546454],[-82.037375,33.554662],[-82.046335,33.56383],[-82.057727,33.566774],[-82.073104,33.57751],[-82.094128,33.582742],[-82.10624,33.595637],[-82.115328,33.596501],[-82.12908,33.589925],[-82.142872,33.594278],[-82.148816,33.598092],[-82.156288,33.60863],[-82.174351,33.613117],[-82.186154,33.62088],[-82.196583,33.630582],[-82.201186,33.646898],[-82.200718,33.66464],[-82.208411,33.669872],[-82.216868,33.6844],[-82.234576,33.700216],[-82.237192,33.70788],[-82.235753,33.71439],[-82.239098,33.730872],[-82.247472,33.752591],[-82.255267,33.75969],[-82.263206,33.761962],[-82.266127,33.766745],[-82.277681,33.772032],[-82.285804,33.780058],[-82.298286,33.783518],[-82.300213,33.800627],[-82.313339,33.809205],[-82.32448,33.820033],[-82.346933,33.834298],[-82.371775,33.843813],[-82.37975,33.851086],[-82.395736,33.859089],[-82.403881,33.865477],[-82.422803,33.863754],[-82.43115,33.867051],[-82.440503,33.875123],[-82.455105,33.88165],[-82.480111,33.901897],[-82.492929,33.909754],[-82.50764,33.931456],[-82.51295,33.936969],[-82.524515,33.94336],[-82.534111,33.943651],[-82.543128,33.940949],[-82.556835,33.945353],[-82.564531,33.955741],[-82.568288,33.968772],[-82.579576,33.979761],[-82.580571,33.98514],[-82.575351,33.990904],[-82.576222,33.993106],[-82.583394,33.995286],[-82.589245,34.000118],[-82.595655,34.016118],[-82.594555,34.028717],[-82.609655,34.039917],[-82.626963,34.063457],[-82.630972,34.065528],[-82.635991,34.064941],[-82.64398,34.072237],[-82.645661,34.076046],[-82.640345,34.086304],[-82.641553,34.092212],[-82.648184,34.098649],[-82.658561,34.103118],[-82.666879,34.113591],[-82.668113,34.12016],[-82.67732,34.131657],[-82.68629,34.134454],[-82.692152,34.138986],[-82.70414,34.141007],[-82.717507,34.150504],[-82.723312,34.165895],[-82.731881,34.178363],[-82.732761,34.195338],[-82.74192,34.210063],[-82.740447,34.219679],[-82.744415,34.224913],[-82.74198,34.230196],[-82.744834,34.242957],[-82.744056,34.252407],[-82.748756,34.263407],[-82.746656,34.266407],[-82.755028,34.276067],[-82.770928,34.285402],[-82.780308,34.296701],[-82.781752,34.302901],[-82.78684,34.310381],[-82.794054,34.339772],[-82.835004,34.366069],[-82.836611,34.382676],[-82.841524,34.39013],[-82.841326,34.397332],[-82.847446,34.412049],[-82.848651,34.423844],[-82.854434,34.432275],[-82.855762,34.443977],[-82.860874,34.451469],[-82.860707,34.457428],[-82.875463,34.463503],[-82.876464,34.465803],[-82.873831,34.471508],[-82.876864,34.475303],[-82.902665,34.485902],[-82.922866,34.481402],[-82.928466,34.484202],[-82.940867,34.486102],[-82.947367,34.479602],[-82.954667,34.477302],[-82.960668,34.482002],[-82.979568,34.482702],[-82.992215,34.479198],[-82.995279,34.475648],[-82.99509,34.472483],[-83.002924,34.472132],[-83.029315,34.484147],[-83.034712,34.483495],[-83.043771,34.488816],[-83.054463,34.50289],[-83.069451,34.502131],[-83.087189,34.515939],[-83.077995,34.523746],[-83.087789,34.532078],[-83.102179,34.532179],[-83.103987,34.540166],[-83.122901,34.560129],[-83.129676,34.561699],[-83.152577,34.578299],[-83.154577,34.588198],[-83.170278,34.592398],[-83.169994,34.605444],[-83.179439,34.60802],[-83.196979,34.605998],[-83.199779,34.608398],[-83.211598,34.610905],[-83.23178,34.611297],[-83.243381,34.617997],[-83.240676,34.624307],[-83.255281,34.637696],[-83.271982,34.641896],[-83.292883,34.654196],[-83.300848,34.66247],[-83.301477,34.666582],[-83.304641,34.669561],[-83.316401,34.669316],[-83.321463,34.677543],[-83.330284,34.681342],[-83.336207,34.680534],[-83.33869,34.682002],[-83.340383,34.688998],[-83.349975,34.699155],[-83.347718,34.705474],[-83.352485,34.715993],[-83.353238,34.728648],[-83.348829,34.737194],[-83.338666,34.742295],[-83.320062,34.759616],[-83.319945,34.773725],[-83.323866,34.789712],[-83.313782,34.799911],[-83.301182,34.804008],[-83.302395,34.813241],[-83.294292,34.814725],[-83.289914,34.824477],[-83.275656,34.816862],[-83.268159,34.821393],[-83.267293,34.832748],[-83.269982,34.837196],[-83.267656,34.845289],[-83.254605,34.846402],[-83.252582,34.853483],[-83.24722,34.85844],[-83.245602,34.865522],[-83.240847,34.866736],[-83.238419,34.869771],[-83.239081,34.875661],[-83.22924,34.879907],[-83.220099,34.878124],[-83.213323,34.882796],[-83.205627,34.880142],[-83.201183,34.884653],[-83.204572,34.890284],[-83.203351,34.893717],[-83.186541,34.899534],[-83.168524,34.91788],[-83.160937,34.918269],[-83.153253,34.926342],[-83.140621,34.924915],[-83.130554,34.930932],[-83.129493,34.937402],[-83.121112,34.939129],[-83.121214,34.942684],[-83.126761,34.948742],[-83.127035,34.953778],[-83.12114,34.958966],[-83.120387,34.968406],[-83.106991,34.98272],[-83.1046,34.992783],[-83.108535,35.000771],[-82.787867,35.085024],[-82.783283,35.0856],[-82.776357,35.081349],[-82.781973,35.066817],[-82.777376,35.064143],[-82.764464,35.068177],[-82.757704,35.068019],[-82.754162,35.069629],[-82.749491,35.078487],[-82.738379,35.079453],[-82.729683,35.087827],[-82.72701,35.094142],[-82.715297,35.092943],[-82.703916,35.097651],[-82.694898,35.098456],[-82.688456,35.106347],[-82.691194,35.114721],[-82.68604,35.124545],[-82.683625,35.125833],[-82.676861,35.12535],[-82.669614,35.118103],[-82.662381,35.118123],[-82.642237,35.129215],[-82.629031,35.126155],[-82.621185,35.134635],[-82.609706,35.139039],[-82.59814,35.137729],[-82.59243,35.139002],[-82.588158,35.142928],[-82.578316,35.142104],[-82.569912,35.145268],[-82.563767,35.151575],[-82.556168,35.151736],[-82.554227,35.156911],[-82.550508,35.159498],[-82.540483,35.160306],[-82.529973,35.155617],[-82.521403,35.158851],[-82.516044,35.163442],[-82.495506,35.164312],[-82.483937,35.173798],[-82.476136,35.175486],[-82.467991,35.174633],[-82.460092,35.178143],[-82.455609,35.177425],[-82.452987,35.17469],[-82.451201,35.16526],[-82.439595,35.165863],[-82.435689,35.167715],[-82.424461,35.193092],[-82.419744,35.198613],[-82.403348,35.204473],[-82.39293,35.215402],[-82.384029,35.210542],[-82.378744,35.198053],[-82.380903,35.189565],[-82.376808,35.184427],[-82.371298,35.181449],[-82.364299,35.184725],[-82.361469,35.190831],[-82.344554,35.193115],[-82.340133,35.189188],[-82.333934,35.190661],[-82.330779,35.189032],[-82.330549,35.186767],[-82.32335,35.184789],[-82.315871,35.190678],[-82.295354,35.194965],[-82.288453,35.198605],[-82.27492,35.200071],[-82.176874,35.19379],[-81.716259,35.178852],[-81.241686,35.160081],[-81.043625,35.149877],[-81.047826,35.143743],[-81.051037,35.131654],[-81.038968,35.126299],[-81.033005,35.113747],[-81.032806,35.108049],[-81.037369,35.102541],[-81.046524,35.100617],[-81.052078,35.096276],[-81.057236,35.086129],[-81.058029,35.07319],[-81.057648,35.062433],[-81.041489,35.044703],[-80.93495,35.107409],[-80.884887,35.05351],[-80.782042,34.935782],[-80.797543,34.819786],[-80.499788,34.817261],[-79.870693,34.805378],[-79.675299,34.804744],[-79.358317,34.545358],[-79.249763,34.449774],[-78.541087,33.851112],[-78.553944,33.847831],[-78.584841,33.844282],[-78.67226,33.817587],[-78.714116,33.800138],[-78.772737,33.768511],[-78.812931,33.743472],[-78.862931,33.705654],[-78.938076,33.639826],[-79.007356,33.566565],[-79.028516,33.533365],[-79.084588,33.483669],[-79.10136,33.461016],[-79.135441,33.403867],[-79.147496,33.378243],[-79.152035,33.350925],[-79.158429,33.332811],[-79.162332,33.327246],[-79.180318,33.254141],[-79.180563,33.237955],[-79.172394,33.206577],[-79.18787,33.173712],[-79.195631,33.166016],[-79.215453,33.155569],[-79.238262,33.137055],[-79.24609,33.124865],[-79.290754,33.110051]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"South Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"66","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9334e4b08c986b31a368","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fletcher, Joe B.","contributorId":8850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38209,"text":"pp1538I - 1995 - Characterization of the Cottonwood Grove and Ridgely faults near Reelfoot Lake, Tennessee, from high-resolution seismic reflection data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:01","indexId":"pp1538I","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1538","chapter":"I","title":"Characterization of the Cottonwood Grove and Ridgely faults near Reelfoot Lake, Tennessee, from high-resolution seismic reflection data","docAbstract":"In the winter of 1811-12, three of the largest historic earthquakes in the United States occurred near New Madrid, Missouri. Seismicity continues to the present day throughout a tightly clustered pattern of epicenters centered on the bootheel of Missouri, including parts of northeastern Arkansas, northwestern Tennessee, western Kentucky, and southern Illinois. In 1990, the New Madrid seismic zone/Central United States became the first seismically active region east of the Rocky Mountains to be designated a priority research area within the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP). This Professional Paper is a collection of papers, some published separately, presenting results of the newly intensified research program in this area. Major components of this research program include tectonic framework studies, seismicity and deformation monitoring and modeling, improved seismic hazard and risk assessments, and cooperative hazard mitigation studies.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1538I","usgsCitation":"Stephenson, W.J., Shedlock, K.M., and Odum, J.K., 1995, Characterization of the Cottonwood Grove and Ridgely faults near Reelfoot Lake, Tennessee, from high-resolution seismic reflection data: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1538, p. I1-I10, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1538I.","productDescription":"p. I1-I10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1538i/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64512,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1538i/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4d0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephenson, William J. 0000-0001-8699-0786 wstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-0786","contributorId":695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","email":"wstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shedlock, Kaye M.","contributorId":61788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"Kaye","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Odum, Jack K. 0000-0002-3162-0355","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3162-0355","contributorId":97900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29384,"text":"wri944003 - 1995 - Factors affecting water quality and net flux of solutes in two stream basins in the Quabbin Reservoir drainage basin, central Massachusetts, 1983-85","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-16T21:40:08.31276","indexId":"wri944003","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4003","title":"Factors affecting water quality and net flux of solutes in two stream basins in the Quabbin Reservoir drainage basin, central Massachusetts, 1983-85","docAbstract":"The factors that affect stream-water quality were studied at West Branch Swift River (Swift River), and East Branch Fever Brook (Fever Brook), two forested watersheds that drain into the Quabbin Reservoir, central Massachusetts, from December 1983 through August 1985. Spatial and temporal variations of chemistry of precipitation, surface water; and ground water and the linkages between chemical changes and hydrologic processes were used to identify the mechanisms that control stream chemistry. Precipitation chemistry was dominated by hydrogen ion (composite p.H 4.23), sulfate, and nitrate. Inputs of hydrogen and nitrate from pre- cipitation were almost entirely retained in the basins, whereas input of sulfate was approximately balanced by export by streamflow draining the basins. Both streams were poorly buffered, with mean pH near 5.7, mean alkalinity less than 30 microequivalents per liter, and sulfate concen- trations greater than 130 microequivalents per liter. Sodium and chloride, derived primarily from highway deicing salts, were the dominant solutes at Fever Brook. After adjustments for deicing salts, fluxes of base cations during the 21-month study were 2,014 and 1,429 equivalents per hectare in Swift River and Fever Brook, respectively. Base cation fluxes were controlled primarily by weathering of hornblende (Fever Brook) and plagioclase (Swift River). The overall weathering rate was greater in the Swift River Basin because easily weathered gabbro underlies one subbasin which comprises 11.2 percent of the total basin area but contributed about 77 percent of the total alkalinity. Alkalinity export was nearly equal in the two basins, however, because some alkalinity was generated in wetlands in the Fever Brook Basin through bacterial sulfate reduction coupled with organic-carbon oxidation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944003","usgsCitation":"Rittmaster, R., and Shanley, J.B., 1995, Factors affecting water quality and net flux of solutes in two stream basins in the Quabbin Reservoir drainage basin, central Massachusetts, 1983-85: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4003, v, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944003.","productDescription":"v, 66 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":58230,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4003/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":396050,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47918.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Quabbin Reservoir drainage basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.4167,\n 42.4583\n ],\n [\n -72.1833,\n 42.4583\n ],\n [\n -72.1833,\n 42.5458\n ],\n [\n -72.4167,\n 42.5458\n ],\n [\n -72.4167,\n 42.4583\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f879b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rittmaster, R. L.","contributorId":55861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rittmaster","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanley, J. B.","contributorId":52226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":66164,"text":"i2341 - 1995 - Geologic map of the Duncan Peak and southern part of the Cisco Grove 7 1/2' quadrangles, Placer and Nevada Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-31T20:01:58.528539","indexId":"i2341","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2341","title":"Geologic map of the Duncan Peak and southern part of the Cisco Grove 7 1/2' quadrangles, Placer and Nevada Counties, California","docAbstract":"This map covers an area of 123 km2 on the west \nslope of the Sierra Nevada, an uplifted and west-tilted \nrange in eastern California (fig. 1). The area is located \n20 km west of Donner Pass, which lies on the east escarpment of the range, and about 80 km east of the Great \nValley Province. Interstate Highway 80 is the major route \nover the range at this latitude and secondary roads, which \nspur off from this highway, provide access to the northern \npart of the area. None of the secondary roads crosses \nthe deep canyon cut by the North Fork of the American \nRiver, however, and access to the southern part of \nthe area is provided by logging roads that spur off from \nthe Foresthill Divide Road that extends east from Auburn to the Donner Pass area (fig. 1).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i2341","usgsCitation":"Harwood, D.S., Fisher, G.R., and Waugh, B.J., 1995, Geologic map of the Duncan Peak and southern part of the Cisco Grove 7 1/2' quadrangles, Placer and Nevada Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2341, Report: 12 p.; 1 Plate: 39.00 × 45.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2341.","productDescription":"Report: 12 p.; 1 Plate: 39.00 × 45.00 inches","numberOfPages":"12","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":280393,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":107384,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2341/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10238"},{"id":91513,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2341/pdf/i2341_plate1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91514,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2341/pdf/i2341_report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":398587,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10238.htm"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic projection","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Nevada County, Placer County","otherGeospatial":"Duncan Peak and Cisco Grove quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.625,\n 39.125\n ],\n [\n -120.625,\n 39.333\n ],\n [\n -120.5,\n 39.333\n ],\n [\n -120.5,\n 39.125\n ],\n [\n -120.625,\n 39.125\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6992fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harwood, David S.","contributorId":48153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwood","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, G. Reid Jr.","contributorId":107184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Reid","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waugh, Barbara J.","contributorId":84660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waugh","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70209628,"text":"70209628 - 1995 - Dust deposition in southern Nevada and California, 1984–1989: Relations to climate, source area, and source lithology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-16T14:02:37.312524","indexId":"70209628","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-20T08:58:26","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dust deposition in southern Nevada and California, 1984–1989: Relations to climate, source area, and source lithology","docAbstract":"Dust samples collected annually for 5 years from 55 sites in southern Nevada and California provide the first regional source of information on modern rates of dust deposition, grain size, and mineralogical and chemical composition relative to climate and to type and lithology of dust source. The average silt and clay flux (rate of deposition) in southern Nevada and southeastern California ranges from 4.3 to 15.7 g/m2/yr, but in southwestern California the average silt and clay flux is as high as 30 g/m2/yr. The climatic factors that affect dust flux interact with each other and with the factors of source type (playas versus alluvium), source lithology, geographic area, and human disturbance. Average dust flux increases with mean annual temperature but is not correlated to decreases in mean annual precipitation because the regional winds bring dust to relatively wet areas. In contrast, annual dust flux mostly reflects changes in annual precipitation (relative drought) rather than temperature. Although playa and alluvial sources produce about the same amount of dust per unit area, the total volume of dust from the more extensive alluvial sources is much larger. In addition, playa and alluvial sources respond differently to annual changes in precipitation. Most playas produce dust that is richer in soluble salts and carbonate than that from alluvial sources (except carbonate‐rich alluvium). Gypsum dust may be produced by the interaction of carbonate dust and anthropogenic or marine sulfates. The dust flux in an arid urbanizing area may be as much as twice that before disturbance but decreases when construction stops. The mineralogic and major‐oxide composition of the dust samples indicates that sand and some silt is locally derived and deposited, whereas clay and some silt from different sources can be far‐traveled. Dust deposited in the Transverse Ranges of California by the Santa Ana winds appears to be mainly derived from sources to the north and east.
The Summitville Mine, located near the old mining town of Summitville in Rio Grande County, Colorado, operated between July 1986 and December 1992 as a large-tonnage open-pit heap-leach gold mine. During its 6 years of existence the trace metal levels in drainage water from the mine site were elevated over historical (pre-1986) levels (Moran and Wentz, 1974) due to input from three sources—heap leach water, seeps that occur throughout the mine workings, and an increase in the metal load of water coming from the old Reynolds Adit. Mine-drainage waters flow into Wightman Fork, a small tributary of the Alamosa River, which in turn flows east into the San Luis Valley. The increase in the trace metal burden of the Alamosa River watershed is of concern to farmers, land owners, and Federal and State wildlife agencies.
The information presented here is largely abstracted from reports previously published (Balistrieri and others, 1995; Gough and others, 1995).
During the Pinedale (Late Wisconsinan) glaciation, an outlet glacier from a mountain ice field flowed eastward across the Continental Divide through Marias Pass in northwestern Montana. This outlet glacier was the major source of the Two Medicine glacier, a large piedmont glacier that extended from the mountain front east about 55 km onto the plains. An accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon age of 12 194 ± 145 BP (AA-9530) was obtained from a wood fragment, underlying a Glacier Peak tephra and a Mount Saint Helens set J tephra in a section of lake sediments, near Marias Pass. This radiocarbon age provides a minimum date of deglaciation for the Marias Pass area that is about 800 years older than a previous estimate. Furthermore, the radiocarbon age indicates that the Two Medicine glacier was no longer being supplied by its major source and if it still existed was only as a dying, stagnant ice mass.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e95-106","usgsCitation":"Carrara, P.E., 1995, A 12 000 year radiocarbon date of deglaciation from the Continental Divide of northwestern Montana: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 32, no. 9, p. 1303-1307, https://doi.org/10.1139/e95-106.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1303","endPage":"1307","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374501,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana ","otherGeospatial":"Northwestern Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.5869140625,\n 47.15984001304432\n ],\n [\n -112.54394531249999,\n 47.15984001304432\n ],\n [\n -112.54394531249999,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -116.5869140625,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -116.5869140625,\n 47.15984001304432\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carrara, Paul E. pcarrara@usgs.gov","contributorId":1342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrara","given":"Paul","email":"pcarrara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6660,"text":"fs07394 - 1995 - Floods in southeast Texas, October 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T15:43:47","indexId":"fs07394","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"073-94","title":"Floods in southeast Texas, October 1994","docAbstract":"Rainfall in southeast Texas, which ranged in amounts from about 8 to more than 28 inches during October 15–19, 1994, caused severe flooding in parts of a 38-county area. A combination of meteorological events—residual atmospheric moisture over southern Texas associated with Hurricane Rosa from the Pacific Coast of Mexico and low-level moisture from the Gulf of Mexico drawn inland to a warm front by a strong low-pressure system over the southern Rocky Mountains—spawned vigorous thunderstorms that produced rainfall amounts that may exceed records for the area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Houston, TX","doi":"10.3133/fs07394","usgsCitation":"Liscum, F., and East, J., 1995, Floods in southeast Texas, October 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 073-94, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs07394.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":719,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs-073-94/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":117419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_073_94.bmp"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4a21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liscum, Fred","contributorId":95463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liscum","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"East, Jeffery W. jweast@usgs.gov","contributorId":1683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Jeffery W.","email":"jweast@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70209352,"text":"70209352 - 1995 - Low-grade, M1 metamorphism of the Douglas Island Volcanics, western metamorphic belt near Juneau, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-01T14:27:22.388851","indexId":"70209352","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T13:57:59","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Low-grade, M1 metamorphism of the Douglas Island Volcanics, western metamorphic belt near Juneau, Alaska","title":"Low-grade, M1 metamorphism of the Douglas Island Volcanics, western metamorphic belt near Juneau, Alaska","docAbstract":"The western metamorphic belt is part of the Coast plutonic-metamorphic complex of western Canada and southeastern Alaska that developed during collision of the Alexander terrane and Gravina assemblage on the west against the Yukon Prong and Stikine terranes to the east. Deformation, metamorphism, and plutonism range from about 120 to 50 Ma. Subgreenschist to lower greenschist facies metabasalts exposed along the west end of the western metamorphic belt near Juneau, Alaska, record the earliest metamorphic event (M1). The protolith of the M1, low-grade metamorphic mineral assemblages is mostly arc-affinity basaltic rocks of the Douglas Island Volcanics. The most common metamorphic mineral assemblages are chlorite-epidote-actinolite with or without pumpellyite and stilpnomelane. There is no systematic distribution of metamorphic mineral assemblages in the study area, and all assemblages are in the pumpellyite-actinolite facies near the transition to the lower greenschist facies. Different low variance assemblages can be attributed to minor differences in pressure (P), temperature (T), or X CO2 . Mineral chemistry and phase equilibria suggest that thermal peak metamorphism of pumpellyite-bearing assemblages occurred at about 325 °C and 2 to 4.8 kbar.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/SPE296-p51","usgsCitation":"Himmelberg, G.R., Brew, D.A., and Ford, A., 1995, Low-grade, M1 metamorphism of the Douglas Island Volcanics, western metamorphic belt near Juneau, Alaska: GSA Special Papers, v. 51, no. 66, p. 51-66, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE296-p51.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"66","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Juneau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -135.439453125,\n 57.79794388498275\n ],\n [\n -132.802734375,\n 57.79794388498275\n ],\n [\n -132.802734375,\n 58.82511777083639\n ],\n [\n -135.439453125,\n 58.82511777083639\n ],\n [\n -135.439453125,\n 57.79794388498275\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"66","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Himmelberg, Glen R.","contributorId":57921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelberg","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brew, David A. dbrew@usgs.gov","contributorId":3244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"David","email":"dbrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":786371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ford, Arthur B.","contributorId":52578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"Arthur B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":38204,"text":"pp1538E - 1995 - Geophysical setting of the Reelfoot Rift and relations between rift structures and the New Madrid seismic zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:01","indexId":"pp1538E","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1538","chapter":"E","title":"Geophysical setting of the Reelfoot Rift and relations between rift structures and the New Madrid seismic zone","docAbstract":"In the winter of 1811-12, three of the largest historic earthquakes in the United States occurred near New Madrid, Missouri. Seismicity continues to the present day throughout a tightly clustered pattern of epicenters centered on the bootheel of Missouri, including parts of northeastern Arkansas, northwestern Tennessee, western Kentucky, and southern Illinois. In 1990, the New Madrid seismic zone/Central United States became the first seismically active region east of the Rocky Mountains to be designated a priority research area within the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP). This Professional Paper is a collection of papers, some published separately, presenting results of the newly intensified research program in this area. Major components of this research program include tectonic framework studies, seismicity and deformation monitoring and modeling, improved seismic hazard and risk assessments, and cooperative hazard mitigation studies.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1538E","usgsCitation":"Hildenbrand, T., and Hendricks, J.D., 1995, Geophysical setting of the Reelfoot Rift and relations between rift structures and the New Madrid seismic zone: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1538, p. E1-E30, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1538E.","productDescription":"p. E1-E30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1538e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64504,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1538e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8223","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildenbrand, T.G.","contributorId":83892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hendricks, J. D.","contributorId":40187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendricks","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}