{"pageNumber":"2980","pageRowStart":"74475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70024656,"text":"70024656 - 2002 - Percolation flux and Transport velocity in the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:14","indexId":"70024656","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Percolation flux and Transport velocity in the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"The percolation flux for borehole USW UZ-14 was calculated from 14C residence times of pore water and water content of cores measured in the laboratory. Transport velocity is calculated from the depth interval between two points divided by the difference in 14C residence times. Two methods were used to calculate the flux and velocity. The first method uses the 14C data and cumulative water content data directly in the incremental intervals in the Paintbrush nonwelded unit and the Topopah Spring welded unit. The second method uses the regression relation for 14C data and cumulative water content data for the entire Paintbrush nonwelded unit and the Topopah Spring Tuff/Topopah Spring welded unit. Using the first method, for the Paintbrush nonwelded unit in boreholeUSW UZ-14 percolation flux ranges from 2.3 to 41.0 mm/a. Transport velocity ranges from 1.2 to 40.6 cm/a. For the Topopah Spring welded unit percolation flux ranges from 0.9 to 5.8 mm/a in the 8 incremental intervals calculated. Transport velocity ranges from 1.4 to 7.3 cm/a in the 8 incremental intervals. Using the second method, average percolation flux in the Paintbrush nonwelded unit for 6 boreholes ranges from 0.9 to 4.0 mm/a at the 95% confidence level. Average transport velocity ranges from 0.6 to 2.6 cm/a. For the Topopah Spring welded unit and Topopah Spring Tuff, average percolation flux in 5 boreholes ranges from 1.3 to 3.2 mm/a. Average transport velocity ranges from 1.6 to 4.0 cm/a. Both the average percolation flux and average transport velocity in the PTn are smaller than in the TS/TSw. However, the average minimum and average maximum values for the percolation flux in the TS/TSw are within the PTn average range. Therefore, differences in the percolation flux in the two units are not significant. On the other hand, average, average minimum, and average maximum transport velocities in the TS/TSw unit are all larger than the PTn values, implying a larger transport velocity for the TS/TSw although there is a small overlap.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00040-9","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Yang, I., 2002, Percolation flux and Transport velocity in the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Applied Geochemistry, v. 17, no. 6, p. 807-817, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00040-9.","startPage":"807","endPage":"817","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207669,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00040-9"},{"id":232809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7675e4b0c8380cd78115","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, I.C.","contributorId":88777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"I.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024655,"text":"70024655 - 2002 - The western pond turtle (Clemmys marmorata) in the Mojave River, California, USA: Highly adapted survivor or tenuous relict?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-10T15:24:34.308271","indexId":"70024655","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2515,"text":"Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The western pond turtle (<i>Clemmys marmorata</i>) in the Mojave River, California, USA: Highly adapted survivor or tenuous relict?","title":"The western pond turtle (Clemmys marmorata) in the Mojave River, California, USA: Highly adapted survivor or tenuous relict?","docAbstract":"<p><span>Aspects of the ecology of populations of the western pond turtle&nbsp;</span><i>Clemmys marmorata</i><span>&nbsp;were investigated in the Mojave River of the central Mojave Desert, California, U.S.A. One population occupied man-made ponds and the other occurred in natural ponds in the flood plain of the Mojave River. Both habitats are severely degraded as a result of ground water depletion from human activities along the river and one is infested with the exotic shrub saltcedar&nbsp;</span><i>Tamarix ramosissima</i><span>. Mean female carapace length (CL) was significantly greater (14.4 cm) than that of males (13.7 cm). Live juveniles were not detected during the period of study. Shelled eggs were visible in X-radiographs from 26 May to 14 July. Mean clutch size was 4.46 and ranged from 3 to 6 eggs. Clutch size did not vary between 1998 and 1999 but was significantly correlated with CL for both years combined, increasing at the rate of 0.548 eggs/cm CL. Gravid female CL ranged from 13.3–16.0 cm. Some females nested in both years. Mean X-ray egg width (21.8 mm) was not significantly correlated with CL or clutch size. X-ray egg width differed more among clutches than within, whether including CL as a co-variate or not. Nesting migrations occurred from 6 June to 8 July with minimum round trip distances ranging from 17.5–585 m with a mean of 195 m. Mean estimated time of departure as measured at the drift fence was 18:13. Most females returned to the ponds in the early morning. Nesting migrations required females to be out of the water for estimated periods of 0.83 to 86 h. The destination of nesting females was typically fluvial sand bars in the channel of the dry riverbed. Overall, the ecology of&nbsp;</span><i>C. marmorata</i><span>&nbsp;in the Mojave River is very similar to that reported for populations in less severe habitats along the west coast of the United States. Notable exceptions include long nesting migrations to sandbars in the dry river channel, a possible result of human modifications to the environment, and an apparent lack of terrestrial overwintering behaviour in Mojave River populations. The general similarity of desert and coastal populations is possibly a reflection of their recent geographic separation. Overall, populations in the Mojave River exhibit few obvious adaptations to living in the desert and are considered to be tenuous relicts of the Pleistocene. The small size and tenuous status of these populations suggests that immediate conservation action is needed, including establishment of satellite populations as a hedge against extirpation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Zoological Society of London","doi":"10.1017/S0952836902000584","usgsCitation":"Lovich, J., and Meyer, K., 2002, The western pond turtle (Clemmys marmorata) in the Mojave River, California, USA: Highly adapted survivor or tenuous relict?: Journal of Zoology, v. 256, no. 4, p. 537-545, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952836902000584.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"545","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Afton  Canyon area, Camp Cady Wildlife  Area, Mojave River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.4935302734375,\n              34.83071390101431\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.17767333984375,\n              34.83071390101431\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.17767333984375,\n              35.08620310578525\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.4935302734375,\n              35.08620310578525\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.4935302734375,\n              34.83071390101431\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"256","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb1dae4b08c986b325459","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovich, J.","contributorId":30944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, K.","contributorId":28204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024650,"text":"70024650 - 2002 - Oxygen isotope corrections for online δ34S analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T15:13:22","indexId":"70024650","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3233,"text":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen isotope corrections for online δ34S analysis","docAbstract":"Elemental analyzers have been successfully coupled to stable-isotope-ratio mass spectrometers for online measurements of the δ34S isotopic composition of plants, animals and soils. We found that the online technology for automated δ34S isotopic determinations did not yield reproducible oxygen isotopic compositions in the SO2 produced, and as a result calculated δ34S values were often 1–3‰ too high versus their correct values, particularly for plant and animal samples with high C/S ratio. Here we provide empirical and analytical methods for correcting the S isotope values for oxygen isotope variations, and further detail a new SO2-SiO2 buffering method that minimizes detrimental oxygen isotope variations in SO2.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rcm.651","issn":"09514198","usgsCitation":"Fry, B., Silva, S.R., Kendall, C., and Anderson, R., 2002, Oxygen isotope corrections for online δ34S analysis: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 16, no. 9, p. 854-858, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.651.","startPage":"854","endPage":"858","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207950,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.651"}],"volume":"16","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-03-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7291e4b0c8380cd76b98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fry, B.","contributorId":52694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fry","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Silva, S. R.","contributorId":27474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, R.K.","contributorId":104773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024641,"text":"70024641 - 2002 - Increased oxidative stress and decreased activities of Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase in the red blood cells of the hibernating black bear","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024641","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2617,"text":"Life Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increased oxidative stress and decreased activities of Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase in the red blood cells of the hibernating black bear","docAbstract":"During hibernation, animals undergo metabolic changes that result in reduced utilization of glucose and oxygen. Fat is known to be the preferential source of energy for hibernating animals. Malonyldialdehyde (MDA) is an end product of fatty acid oxidation, and is generally used as an index of lipid peroxidation. We report here that peroxidation of lipids is increased in the plasma and in the membranes of red blood cells in black bears during hibernation. The plasma MDA content was about four fold higher during hibernation as compared to that during the active, non-hibernating state (P < 0.0001). Similarly, MDA content of erythrocyte membranes was significantly increased during hibernation (P < 0.025). The activity of Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase in the erythrocyte membrane was significantly decreased in the hibernating state as compared to the active state. Na+/K+-ATPase activity was also decreased, though not significant, during hibernation. These results suggest that during hibernation, the bears are under increased oxidative stress, and have reduced activities of membrane-bound enzymes such as Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase. These changes can be considered part of the adaptive for survival process of metabolic depression. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Life Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0024-3205(02)01619-3","issn":"00243205","usgsCitation":"Chauhan, V., Tsiouris, J., Chauhan, A., Sheikh, A., Brown, W.T., and Vaughan, M., 2002, Increased oxidative stress and decreased activities of Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase in the red blood cells of the hibernating black bear: Life Sciences, v. 71, no. 2, p. 153-161, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(02)01619-3.","startPage":"153","endPage":"161","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207875,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(02)01619-3"},{"id":233133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39fbe4b0c8380cd61ae9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chauhan, V.P.S.","contributorId":107885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chauhan","given":"V.P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tsiouris, J.A.","contributorId":86144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsiouris","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chauhan, A.","contributorId":54375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chauhan","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sheikh, A.M.","contributorId":24961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheikh","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, W. Ted","contributorId":22120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ted","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vaughan, M.","contributorId":77703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70024638,"text":"70024638 - 2002 - Paleozoic–early Mesozoic gold deposits of the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, northwestern China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-01T13:53:11","indexId":"70024638","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleozoic–early Mesozoic gold deposits of the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, northwestern China","docAbstract":"<p>The late Paleozoic–early Mesozoic tectonic evolution of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, northwestern China provided a favorable geological setting for the formation of lode gold deposits along the sutures between a number of the major Eastern Asia cratonic blocks. These sutures are now represented by the Altay Shan, Tian Shan, and Kunlun Shan ranges, with the former two separated by the Junggar basin and the latter two by the immense Tarim basin. In northernmost Xinjiang, final growth of the Altaid orogen, southward from the Angara craton, is now recorded in the remote mid- to late Paleozoic Altay Shan. Accreted Early to Middle Devonian oceanic rock sequences contain typically small, precious-metal bearing Fe–Cu–Zn VMS deposits (e.g. Ashele). Orogenic gold deposits are widespread along the major Irtysh (e.g. Duyolanasayi, Saidi, Taerde, Kabenbulake, Akexike, Shaerbulake) and Tuergen–Hongshanzui (e.g. Hongshanzui) fault systems, as well as in structurally displaced terrane slivers of the western Junggar (e.g. Hatu) and eastern Junggar areas. Geological and geochronological constraints indicate a generally Late Carboniferous to Early Permian episode of gold deposition, which was coeval with the final stages of Altaid magmatism and large-scale, right-lateral translation along older terrane-bounding faults. The Tian Shan, an exceptionally gold-rich mountain range to the west in the Central Asian republics, is only beginning to be recognized for its gold potential in Xinjiang. In this easternmost part to the range, northerly- and southerly-directed subduction/accretion of early to mid-Paleozoic and mid- to late Paleozoic oceanic terranes, respectively, to the Precambrian Yili block (central Tian Shan) was associated with 400 to 250&nbsp;Ma arc magmatism and Carboniferous through Early Permian gold-forming hydrothermal events. The more significant resulting deposits in the terranes of the southern Tian Shan include the Sawayaerdun orogenic deposit along the Kyrgyzstan border and the epithermal and replacement deposits of the Kanggurtag belt to the east in the Chol Tagh range. Gold deposits of approximately the same age in the Yili block include the Axi hot springs/epithermal deposit near the Kazakhstan border and a series of small orogenic gold deposits south of Urumqi (e.g. Wangfeng). Gold-rich porphyry copper deposits (e.g. Tuwu) define important new exploration targets in the northern Tian Shan of Xinjiang. The northern foothills of the Kunlun Shan of southern Xinjiang host scattered, small placer gold deposits. Sources for the gold have not been identified, but are hypothesized to be orogenic gold veins beneath the icefields to the south. They are predicted to have formed in the Tianshuihai terrane during its early Mesozoic accretion to the amalgamated Tarim–Qaidam–Kunlun cratonic block.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00126-001-0243-6","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Rui, Z., Goldfarb, R.J., Qiu, Y., Zhou, T., Chen, R., Pirajno, F., and Yun, G., 2002, Paleozoic–early Mesozoic gold deposits of the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, northwestern China: Mineralium Deposita, v. 37, no. 3-4, p. 393-418, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-001-0243-6.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"418","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Xinjiang Autonomous Region","volume":"37","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7476e4b0c8380cd77665","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rui, Zongyao","contributorId":76510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rui","given":"Zongyao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":402056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Qiu, Yumin","contributorId":70962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qiu","given":"Yumin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhou, T.","contributorId":93248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chen, R.","contributorId":23312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pirajno, Franco","contributorId":199308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pirajno","given":"Franco","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35510,"text":"Centre for Exploration Targeting, The University of Western Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":402057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yun, Grace","contributorId":28042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yun","given":"Grace","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70024631,"text":"70024631 - 2002 - The effect of mining and related activities on the sediment trace element geochemistry of the Spokane River Basin, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024631","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1758,"text":"Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of mining and related activities on the sediment trace element geochemistry of the Spokane River Basin, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"Surface sediments in the Spokane River Basin are enriched in Pb, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, and Hg relative to local background levels. Maximum enrichment occurs in the Upper Spokane River in close proximity to Lake Coeur d'Alene. On average, enrichment decreases downstream. Subsurface sediments also are enriched in Pb, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, and Hg relative to background levels. Enrichment began between 1900 and 1920 in the middle of the basin; this is contemporaneous with similar findings in Lake Coeur d'Alene (the upstream source of the Spokane River), as well as the completion of Long Lake Dam (1913). In the most downstream part of the basin, enrichment began between 1930 and 1940. This temporal shift may reflect the latter's greater distance from the Coeur d'Alene River Basin, the presumptive source of the enriched trace elements, but is more likely the result of the completion of Grand Coulee Dam (1934-1941) which backed up the Spokane River, and elevated water levels by about 30 m in the most downstream part of the basin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1144/1467-787302-016","issn":"14677873","usgsCitation":"Grosbois, C., Horowitz, A.J., Smith, J., and Elrick, K.A., 2002, The effect of mining and related activities on the sediment trace element geochemistry of the Spokane River Basin, Washington, USA: Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, v. 2, no. 2, p. 131-142, https://doi.org/10.1144/1467-787302-016.","startPage":"131","endPage":"142","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207781,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/1467-787302-016"},{"id":232985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab36e4b08c986b322cc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grosbois, C.A.","contributorId":81281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosbois","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horowitz, A. J.","contributorId":102066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, J.J.","contributorId":106175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elrick, K. A.","contributorId":98731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elrick","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024630,"text":"70024630 - 2002 - Material-balance assessment of the New Albany-Chesterian petroleum system of the Illinois basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-03T16:55:13.785237","indexId":"70024630","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Material-balance assessment of the New Albany-Chesterian petroleum system of the Illinois basin","docAbstract":"The New Albany-Chesterian petroleum system of the Illinois basin is a well-constrained system from which petroleum charges and losses were quantified through a material-balance assessment. This petroleum system has nearly 90,000 wells penetrating the Chesterian section, a single New Albany Shale source rock accounting for more than 99% of the produced oil, well-established stratigraphic and structural frameworks, and accessible source rock samples at various maturity levels. A hydrogen index (HI) map based on Rock-Eval analyses of source rock samples of New Albany Shale defines the pod of active source rock and extent of oil generation. Based on a buoyancy-drive model, the system was divided into seven secondary-migration catchments. Each catchment contains a part of the active pod of source rock from which it derives a petroleum charge, and this charge is confined to carrier beds and reservoirs within these catchments as accountable petroleum, petroleum losses, or undiscovered petroleum. A well-constrained catchment with no apparent erosional or leakage losses is used to determine an actual petroleum charge from accountable petroleum and residual migration losses. This actual petroleum charge is used to calibrate the other catchments in which erosional petroleum losses have occurred. Petroleum charges determined by laboratory pyrolysis are exaggerated relative to the actual petroleum charge. Rock-Eval charges are exaggerated by a factor of 4-14, and hydrouspyrolysis charges are exaggerated by a factor of 1.7. The actual petroleum charge provides a more meaningful material balance and more realistic estimates of petroleum losses and remaining undiscovered petroleum. The total petroleum charge determined for the New Albany-Chesterian system is 78 billion bbl, of which 11.4 billion bbl occur as a accountable in place petroleum, 9 billion bbl occur as residual migration losses, and 57.6 billion bbl occur as erosional losses. Of the erosional losses, 40 billion bbl were lost from two catchments that have highly faulted and extensively eroded sections. Anomalies in the relationship between erosional losses and degree of erosion suggest there is potential for undiscovered petroleum in one of the catchments. These results demonstrate that a material-balance assessment of migration catchments provides a useful means to evaluate and rank areas within a petroleum system. The article provides methodologies for obtaining more realistic petroleum charges and losses that can be applied to less data-rich petroleum systems.","language":"English","publisher":"AAPG","doi":"10.1306/61EEDB8E-173E-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Lewan, M.D., Henry, M.E., Higley, D., and Pitman, J.K., 2002, Material-balance assessment of the New Albany-Chesterian petroleum system of the Illinois basin: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 86, no. 5, p. 745-778, https://doi.org/10.1306/61EEDB8E-173E-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"745","endPage":"778","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.384765625,\n              36.98500309285596\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.8466796875,\n              37.405073750176925\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.572265625,\n              37.37015718405753\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.1875,\n              40.212440718286466\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.033203125,\n              40.88029480552824\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0546875,\n              40.91351257612758\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.384765625,\n              36.98500309285596\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5277e4b0c8380cd6c432","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewan, M. D.","contributorId":46540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henry, M. E.","contributorId":103734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higley, D.K. 0000-0001-8024-9954","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-9954","contributorId":90261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higley","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":402014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pitman, Janet K. 0000-0002-0441-779X jpitman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-779X","contributorId":767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitman","given":"Janet","email":"jpitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":402015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024629,"text":"70024629 - 2002 - The High Plains Aquifer, USA: Groundwater development and sustainability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-14T17:34:38.303281","indexId":"70024629","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The High Plains Aquifer, USA: Groundwater development and sustainability","docAbstract":"The High Plains Aquifer, located in the United States, is one of the largest freshwater aquifers in the world and is threatened by continued decline in water levels and deteriorating water quality. Understanding the physical and cultural features of this area is essential to assessing the factors that affect this groundwater resource. About 27% of the irrigated land in the United States overlies this aquifer, which yields about 30% of the nation's groundwater used for irrigation of crops including wheat, corn, sorghum, cotton and alfalfa. In addition, the aquifer provides drinking water to 82% of the 2.3 million people who live within the aquifer boundary. The High Plains Aquifer has been significantly impacted by human activities. Groundwater withdrawals from the aquifer exceed recharge in many areas, resulting in substantial declines in groundwater level. Residents once believed that the aquifer was an unlimited resource of high-quality water, but they now face the prospect that much of the water may be gone in the near future. Also, agricultural chemicals are affecting the groundwater quality. Increasing concentrations of nitrate and salinity can first impair the use of the water for public supply and then affect its suitability for irrigation. A variety of technical and institutional measures are currently being planned and implemented across the aquifer area in an attempt to sustain this groundwater resource for future generations. However, because groundwater withdrawals remain high and water quality impairments are becoming more commonplace, the sustainability of the High Plains Aquifer is uncertain.","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1144/GSL.SP.2002.193.01.09","usgsCitation":"Dennehy, K., Litke, D.W., and McMahon, P., 2002, The High Plains Aquifer, USA: Groundwater development and sustainability: Geological Society Special Publication, no. 193, p. 99-119, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2002.193.01.09.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"119","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232952,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"High Plains Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.46875,\n              34.379712580462204\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.1298828125,\n              34.379712580462204\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.1298828125,\n              43.70759350405294\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.46875,\n              43.70759350405294\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.46875,\n              34.379712580462204\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","issue":"193","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-03-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba776e4b08c986b32159a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dennehy, K.F.","contributorId":41841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennehy","given":"K.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Litke, D. W.","contributorId":94346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litke","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024623,"text":"70024623 - 2002 - Crustal structure beneath western and eastern Iceland from surface waves and receiver functions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:14","indexId":"70024623","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure beneath western and eastern Iceland from surface waves and receiver functions","docAbstract":"We determine the crustal structures beneath 14 broad-band seismic stations, deployed in western, eastern, central and southern Iceland, using surface wave dispersion curves and receiver functions. We implement a method to invert receiver functions using constraints obtained from genetic algorithm inversion of surface waves. Our final models satisfy both data sets. The thickness of the upper crust, as defined by the velocity horizon Vs = 3.7 km s-1, is fairly uniform at ???6.5-9 km beneath the Tertiary intraplate areas of western and eastern Iceland, and unusually thick at 11 km beneath station HOT22 in the far south of Iceland. The depth to the base of the lower crust, as defined by the velocity horizon Vs = 4.1 km s-1 is ???20-26 km in western Iceland and ???27-33 km in eastern Iceland. These results agree with those of explosion profiles that detect a thinner crust beneath western Iceland than beneath eastern Iceland. An earlier report of a substantial low-velocity zone beneath the Middle Volcanic Zone in the lower crust is confirmed by a similar observation beneath an additional station there. As was found in previous receiver function studies, the most reliable feature of the results is the clear division into an upper sequence that is a few kilometres thick where velocity gradients are high, and a lower, thicker sequence where velocity gradients are low. The transition to typical mantle velocities is variable, and may range from being very gradational to being relatively sharp and clear. A clear Moho, by any definition, is rarely seen, and there is thus uncertainty in estimates of the thickness of the crust in many areas. Although a great deal of seismic data are now available constraining the structures of the crust and upper mantle beneath Iceland, their geological nature is not well understood.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01642.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Du, Z., Foulger, G., Julian, B., Allen, R.M., Nolet, G., Morgan, W.J., Bergsson, B.H., Erlendsson, P., Jakobsdottir, S., Ragnarsson, S., Stefansson, R., and Vogfjord, K., 2002, Crustal structure beneath western and eastern Iceland from surface waves and receiver functions: Geophysical Journal International, v. 149, no. 2, p. 349-363, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01642.x.","startPage":"349","endPage":"363","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478694,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.2002.01642.x","text":"External Repository"},{"id":207689,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01642.x"},{"id":232847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"149","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fce8e4b0c8380cd4e4dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Du, Z.","contributorId":40765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Du","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foulger, G.R.","contributorId":14439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foulger","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Julian, B.R.","contributorId":101272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, R. M.","contributorId":36170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nolet, G.","contributorId":26448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolet","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morgan, W. J.","contributorId":10573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bergsson, B. H.","contributorId":19320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bergsson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Erlendsson, P.","contributorId":95638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erlendsson","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jakobsdottir, S.","contributorId":64828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakobsdottir","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ragnarsson, S.","contributorId":12644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ragnarsson","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Stefansson, R.","contributorId":81650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stefansson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Vogfjord, K.","contributorId":13768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogfjord","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70024619,"text":"70024619 - 2002 - Development and evaluation of a local grid refinement method for block-centered finite-difference groundwater models using shared nodes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70024619","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and evaluation of a local grid refinement method for block-centered finite-difference groundwater models using shared nodes","docAbstract":"A new method of local grid refinement for two-dimensional block-centered finite-difference meshes is presented in the context of steady-state groundwater-flow modeling. The method uses an iteration-based feedback with shared nodes to couple two separate grids. The new method is evaluated by comparison with results using a uniform fine mesh, a variably spaced mesh, and a traditional method of local grid refinement without a feedback. Results indicate: (1) The new method exhibits quadratic convergence for homogeneous systems and convergence equivalent to uniform-grid refinement for heterogeneous systems. (2) Coupling the coarse grid with the refined grid in a numerically rigorous way allowed for improvement in the coarse-grid results. (3) For heterogeneous systems, commonly used linear interpolation of heads from the large model onto the boundary of the refined model produced heads that are inconsistent with the physics of the flow field. (4) The traditional method works well in situations where the better resolution of the locally refined grid has little influence on the overall flow-system dynamics, but if this is not true, lack of a feedback mechanism produced errors in head up to 3.6% and errors in cell-to-cell flows up to 25%. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0309-1708(02)00021-0","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Mehl, S., and Hill, M.C., 2002, Development and evaluation of a local grid refinement method for block-centered finite-difference groundwater models using shared nodes: Advances in Water Resources, v. 25, no. 5, p. 497-511, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(02)00021-0.","startPage":"497","endPage":"511","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207977,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(02)00021-0"},{"id":233309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0020e4b0c8380cd4f5d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mehl, S.","contributorId":20114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehl","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024618,"text":"70024618 - 2002 - Parasite (Ribeiroia ondatrae) infection linked to amphibian malformations in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T08:41:07","indexId":"70024618","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parasite (Ribeiroia ondatrae) infection linked to amphibian malformations in the western United States","docAbstract":"<p>Parasites and pathogens can influence the survivorship, behavior, and very structure of their host species. For example, experimental studies have shown that trematode parasites can cause high frequencies of severe limb malformations in amphibians. In a broad-scale field survey covering parts of California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Montana, we examined relationships between the frequency and types of morphological abnormalities in amphibians and the abundance of trematode parasite infection, pH, concentrations of 61 pesticides, and levels of orthophosphate and total nitrate. We recorded severe malformations at frequencies ranging from 1% to 90% in nine amphibian species from 53 aquatic systems. Infection of larvae by the trematode Ribeiroia ondatrae was associated with, and functionally related to, higher frequencies of amphibian limb malformations than found in uninfected populations (≤5%). Parasites were concentrated around the basal tissue of hind limbs in infected anurans, and malformations associated with infection included skin webbings, supernumerary limbs and digits, and missing or malformed hind limbs. In the absence of Ribeiroia, amphibian populations exhibited low (0-5%) frequencies of abnormalities involving missing digits or distal portions of a hind limb. Species were affected differentially by the parasite, and Ambystoma macrodactylum, Hyla regilla, Rand aurora, R. luteiventris, and Taricha torosa typically exhibited the highest frequencies of abnormalities. None of the water-quality variables measured was associated with malformed amphibians, but aquatic snail hosts (Planorbella spp.) were significant predictors of the presence and abundance of Ribeiroia infection. Morphological comparisons of adult specimens of Ribeiroia collected from different sites and raised in experimental definitive hosts suggested that all samples represented the same species - R. ondatrae. These field results, coupled with experimental research on the effects of Ribeiroia on amphibians, demonstrate that Ribeiroia infection is an important and widespread cause of amphibian limb malformations in the western United States. The relevance of trematode infection to declines of amphibian populations and the influence of habitat modification on the pathology and life cycle of Ribeiroia are emphasized as areas requiring further research.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ESA","doi":"10.1890/0012-9615(2002)072[0151:PROILT]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00129615","usgsCitation":"Johnson, P., Lunde, K., Thurman, E., Ritchie, E., Wray, S., Sutherland, D., Kapfer, J., Frest, T., Bowerman, J., and Blaustein, A., 2002, Parasite (Ribeiroia ondatrae) infection linked to amphibian malformations in the western United States: Ecological Monographs, v. 72, no. 2, p. 151-168, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(2002)072[0151:PROILT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"168","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502602,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Parasite_Ribeiroia_ondatrae_infection_linked_to_amphibian_malformations_in_the_western_United_States/20877172","text":"External Repository"},{"id":233308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a74d6e4b0c8380cd77867","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, P.T.J.","contributorId":104255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"P.T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lunde, K.B.","contributorId":10200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunde","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ritchie, E.G.","contributorId":97285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wray, S.N.","contributorId":90505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wray","given":"S.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sutherland, D.R.","contributorId":15376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutherland","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kapfer, J.M.","contributorId":68505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kapfer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Frest, T.J.","contributorId":70964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frest","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bowerman, J.","contributorId":94824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowerman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Blaustein, A.R.","contributorId":40325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blaustein","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70024616,"text":"70024616 - 2002 - Subsurface geometry and evolution of the Seattle fault zone and the Seattle Basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T10:14:37","indexId":"70024616","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface geometry and evolution of the Seattle fault zone and the Seattle Basin, Washington","docAbstract":"The Seattle fault, a large, seismically active, east-west-striking fault zone under Seattle, is the best-studied fault within the tectonically active Puget Lowland in western Washington, yet its subsurface geometry and evolution are not well constrained. We combine several analysis and modeling approaches to study the fault geometry and evolution, including depth-converted, deep-seismic-reflection images, P-wave-velocity field, gravity data, elastic modeling of shoreline uplift from a late Holocene earthquake, and kinematic fault restoration. We propose that the Seattle thrust or reverse fault is accompanied by a shallow, antithetic reverse fault that emerges south of the main fault. The wedge enclosed by the two faults is subject to an enhanced uplift, as indicated by the boxcar shape of the shoreline uplift from the last major earthquake on the fault zone. The Seattle Basin is interpreted as a flexural basin at the footwall of the Seattle fault zone. Basin stratigraphy and the regional tectonic history lead us to suggest that the Seattle fault zone initiated as a reverse fault during the middle Miocene, concurrently with changes in the regional stress field, to absorb some of the north-south shortening of the Cascadia forearc. Kingston Arch, 30 km north of the Seattle fault zone, is interpreted as a more recent disruption arising within the basin, probably due to the development of a blind reverse fault.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120010229","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"ten Brink, U., Molzer, P., Fisher, M.A., Blakely, R., Bucknam, R., Parsons, T., Crosson, R.S., and Creager, K.C., 2002, Subsurface geometry and evolution of the Seattle fault zone and the Seattle Basin, Washington: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 5, p. 1737-1753, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120010229.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1737","endPage":"1753","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Seattle Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.8216552734375,\n              46.89398546092549\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1185302734375,\n              46.89398546092549\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1185302734375,\n              48.55297816440071\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.8216552734375,\n              48.55297816440071\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.8216552734375,\n              46.89398546092549\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d76e4b08c986b31d87c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":401918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Molzer, P.C.","contributorId":86514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molzer","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bucknam, R.C.","contributorId":35744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucknam","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Crosson, R. S.","contributorId":104987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crosson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Creager, K. C.","contributorId":105078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creager","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70024611,"text":"70024611 - 2002 - Lunar prospector epithermal neutrons from impact craters and landing sites: Implications for surface maturity and hydrogen distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T22:50:53.505412","indexId":"70024611","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lunar prospector epithermal neutrons from impact craters and landing sites: Implications for surface maturity and hydrogen distribution","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"paraNumber\"><span>&nbsp;</span></span><span>Initial studies of neutron spectrometer data returned by Lunar Prospector concentrated on the discovery of enhanced hydrogen abundances near both lunar poles. However, the nonpolar data exhibit intriguing patterns that appear spatially correlated with surface features such as young impact craters (e.g., Tycho). Such immature crater materials may have low hydrogen contents because of their relative lack of exposure to solar wind-implanted volatiles. We tested this hypothesis by comparing epithermal* neutron counts (i.e., epithermal −0.057 × thermal neutrons) for Copernican-age craters classified as relatively young, intermediate, and old (as determined by previous studies of Clementine optical maturity variations). The epithermal* counts of the crater and continuous ejecta regions suggest that the youngest impact materials are relatively devoid of hydrogen in the upper 1 m of regolith. We also show that the mean hydrogen contents measured in Apollo and Luna landing site samples are only moderately well correlated to the epithermal* neutron counts at the landing sites, likely owing to the effects of rare earth elements. These results suggest that further work is required to define better how hydrogen distribution can be revealed by epithermal neutrons in order to understand more fully the nature and sources (e.g., solar wind, meteorite impacts) of volatiles in the lunar regolith.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JE001430","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.R., Feldman, W.C., Lawrence, D.J., Maurice, S., Swindle, T.D., and Lucey, P.G., 2002, Lunar prospector epithermal neutrons from impact craters and landing sites: Implications for surface maturity and hydrogen distribution: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 107, no. E2, p. 3-1-3-8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001430.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3-1","endPage":"3-8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","volume":"107","issue":"E2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a95e4b0c8380cd68e9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feldman, W. C.","contributorId":40767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feldman","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawrence, D. J.","contributorId":84952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawrence","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maurice, S.","contributorId":18144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurice","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swindle, T. D.","contributorId":68042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swindle","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lucey, P. G.","contributorId":72532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucey","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70024610,"text":"70024610 - 2002 - A comparison of factors controlling sedimentation rates and wetland loss in fluvial-deltaic systems, Texas Gulf coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024610","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of factors controlling sedimentation rates and wetland loss in fluvial-deltaic systems, Texas Gulf coast","docAbstract":"Submergence of coastal marshes in areas where rates of relative sea-level rise exceed rates of marsh sedimentation, or vertical accretion, is a global problem that requires detailed examination of the principal processes that establish, maintain, and degrade these biologically productive environments. Using a simple 210Pb-dating model, we measured sedimentation rates in cores from the Trinity, Lavaca-Navidad, and Nueces bayhead fluvial-deltaic systems in Texas where more than 2000 ha of wetlands have been lost since the 1950s. Long-term average rates of fluvial-deltaic aggradation decrease southwestward from 0.514 ?? 0.008 cm year -1 in the Trinity, 0.328 ?? 0.022 cm year -1 in the Lavaca-Navidad, to 0.262 ?? 0.034 cm year -1 in the Nucces. The relative magnitudes of sedimentation and wetland loss correlate with several parameters that define the differing fluvial-deltaic settings, including size of coastal drainage basin, average annual rainfall, suspended sediment load, thickness of Holocene mud in the valley fill, and rates of relative sea-level rise. There is some evidence that upstream reservoirs have reduced wetland sedimentation rates, which are now about one-half the local rates of relative sea-level rise. The extant conditions indicate that fluvial-deltaic marshes in these valleys will continue to be lost as a result of submergence and erosion. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00140-4","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"White, W., Morton, R., and Holmes, C.W., 2002, A comparison of factors controlling sedimentation rates and wetland loss in fluvial-deltaic systems, Texas Gulf coast: Geomorphology, v. 44, no. 1-2, p. 47-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00140-4.","startPage":"47","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207888,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00140-4"},{"id":233165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e35ae4b0c8380cd45fb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, W.A.","contributorId":24489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton, R.A.","contributorId":53849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holmes, C. W.","contributorId":36076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024609,"text":"70024609 - 2002 - Pathways of nutrient loading and impacts on plant diversity in a New York peatland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-22T15:56:36.477759","indexId":"70024609","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathways of nutrient loading and impacts on plant diversity in a New York peatland","docAbstract":"<p><span>Nutrient loading is a subtle, yet serious threat to the preservation of high diversity wetlands such as peatlands. Pathways of nutrient loading and impacts on plant diversity in a small peatland in New York State, USA were determined by collecting and analyzing a suite of hydrogeological, hydro-chemical, soil, and vegetation data. Piezometer clusters within an intensive network constituted hydro-chemical sampling points and focal points for randomly selected vegetation quadrats and soil-coring locations. Hydrogeological data and nutrient analyses showed that P and K loading occurred chiefly by means of overland flow from an adjacent farm field, whereas N loading occurred predominantly through ground-water flow from the farm field. Redundancy analysis and polynomial regression showed that nutrients, particularly total P in peat, total K in peat, extractable NH</span><sub>4</sub><span>-N, and NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N flux in ground water, were strongly negatively correlated with plant diversity measures at the site. No other environmental variables except vegetation measures associated with eutrophication demonstrated such a strong relationship with plant diversity. Nitrate loading over 4 mg m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;day</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;was associated with low plant diversity, and Ca fluxes between 80 and 130 mg m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;day</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;were associated with high plant diversity. Areas in the site with particularly low vascular plant and bryophyte species richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity (H′) occurred adjacent to the farm field and near a hillside spring. High H′ and species richness of vascular plants and bryophytes occurred in areas that were further removed from agriculture, contained no highly dominant vegetation, and were situated directly along the ground-water flow paths of springs. These areas were characterized by relatively constant water levels and consistent, yet moderate fluxes of base cations and nutrients. Overall, this study demonstrates that knowledge of site hydrogeology is crucial for determining potential pathways of nutrient loading and for developing relationships between nutrient inflows and wetland plant diversity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0263:PONLAI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Drexler, J.Z., and Bedford, B.L., 2002, Pathways of nutrient loading and impacts on plant diversity in a New York peatland: Wetlands, v. 22, no. 2, p. 263-281, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0263:PONLAI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"281","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"McLean Preserve Fen","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.27017974853516,\n              42.53297077712674\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.26331329345703,\n              42.53297077712674\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.26331329345703,\n              42.537461198323754\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.27017974853516,\n              42.537461198323754\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.27017974853516,\n              42.53297077712674\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75afe4b0c8380cd77ca2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drexler, Judith Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866 jdrexler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":167492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"Judith","email":"jdrexler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bedford, B. L.","contributorId":41996,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bedford","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024608,"text":"70024608 - 2002 - Stratigraphy, geochronology, and accretionary terrane settings of two Bronson Hill arc sequences, northern New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-31T14:41:03.304805","indexId":"70024608","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3067,"text":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphy, geochronology, and accretionary terrane settings of two Bronson Hill arc sequences, northern New England","docAbstract":"<p>The Ammonoosuc Volcanics, Partridge Formation, and the Oliverian and Highlandcroft Plutonic Suites of the Bronson Hill anticlinorium (BHA) in axial New England are widely accepted as a single Middle to Late Ordovician magmatic arc that was active during closure of Iapetus. Mapping and U–Pb dating indicate, however, that the BHA contains two volcano-sedimentary-intrusive sequences of probable opposite subduction polarity, here termed the Ammonoosuc and Quimby sequences.</p><p>The Ammonoosuc sequence is defined by the Middle Ordovician Ammonoosuc Volcanics near Littleton, N.H., the type area, northeast to Milan, N.H., and Oquossoc, Me.; it also includes black slate of the Partidge Formation (<i>C. bicornis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>zone graptolites, ∼457 Ma). Related metamorphosed intrusive are the tonalitic Joslin Turn pluton (469±2 Ma), the Cambridge Black granitic pluton (468±3 Ma), and gabbro, tonalite (467±4 Ma), and sheeted diabase of the Chickwolnepy instructions. These intrusives cut lowermost Ammonoosuc (therefore &gt;469 Ma). Probable uppermost Ammonoosuc is dated at 465±6 and 461±8 Ma. Successively below the Ammonoosuc are the Dead River and Hurricane Mountain Formations (flysch and melange), and the Jim Pond Formation (484±5 Ma) and Boil Mountain Complex (both ophiolite), which are structurally underlain by the Neoproterozoic(?) Chain Lakes massif.</p><p>The Quimby sequence is defined by the Lower Silurian(?) to Upper Ordovician Quimby Formation, composed of bimodal volcanics (443±4 Ma) and sulfidic shale and graywacke that lie conformably to unconformably above the Ammonoosuc Volcanics and Partridge Formation. Also in the Quimby sequence are several granitic to sparsely gabbroic plutons of the Highlandcroft (441–452 Ma) and Oliverian (435–456 Ma) Plutonic Suites, which intrude the Dead River, Ammonoosuc and Partridge, but not the Quimby Formation.</p><p>Based on faunal, paleolatitude, and isotropic data, the Ammonoosuc sequence and its correlative and underlying sequences formed off the southern Laurentian margin, but northwest of the principal Iapetan suture, or Red Indian line (RIL). The Boil Mountain–Jim Pond–Hurricane Mountain sequence was ramped northwestward over the Chain Lakes massif at ∼475 Ma, on the basal Boil Mountain surface. This obduction probably occurred slightly before obduction on the Baie Verte–Brompton surface (BBL), farther NW, over the Laurentian margin, and was followed by Dead River flysch sedimentation, which ended with the abrupt onset of Ammonoosuc-sequence arc magmatism at ∼470 Ma. Ammonoosuc eruptions probably ended at ∼460 Ma, when Iapetus closed along the Red Indian line.</p><p>During a following magmatic hiatus of ∼3–5 m.y., now represented by portions of the Partridge Formation that overlie the Ammonoosuc Volcanics, subduction polarity reversed, and subduction resumed below the northwest-dipping Brunswick subduction complex (BSC) of New Brunswick, Canada. Quimby-sequence magmatism (∼456–435 Ma) on the the newly accreted Laurentian margin occurred above the BSC, whose footwall is now buried to the southeast by mainly Silurian clastic sediments of the Merrimack–Fredericton trough, deposited in the “Fredericton Sea”. In Silurian to Early Devonian time, the NW-dipping BSC footwall was paired with a SE-dipping subduction zone that produced arc magmas of the Coastal Volcanic belt, built on the composite Avalon and adjacent peri-Avalonian terranes. Orogen-normal extension produced by rapid rollback of both subduction zones narrowed the Fredericton Sea, produced the Central Maine and Connecticut Valley–Gaspé basins, and culminated in the Acadian orogeny when the sea completely closed in Early Devonian time.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1474-7065(01)00003-1","usgsCitation":"Moench, R.H., and Aleinikoff, J.N., 2002, Stratigraphy, geochronology, and accretionary terrane settings of two Bronson Hill arc sequences, northern New England: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, v. 27, no. 1-3, p. 47-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-7065(01)00003-1.","productDescription":"49 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"49","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine, New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Bronson Hill arc sequence","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.24609375,\n              43.100982876188546\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.0703125,\n              42.71473218539458\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.8837890625,\n              42.87596410238256\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.2578125,\n              43.739352079154706\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.8408203125,\n              44.68427737181225\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.0166015625,\n              44.933696389694674\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.763671875,\n              45.767522962149876\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.203125,\n              46.34692761055676\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.169921875,\n              46.01222384063236\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.24609375,\n              43.100982876188546\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9a45e4b08c986b31c84c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moench, R. H.","contributorId":8853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, J. N. 0000-0003-3494-6841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":75132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024602,"text":"70024602 - 2002 - Comparing shear-wave velocity profiles inverted from multichannel surface wave with borehole measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024602","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing shear-wave velocity profiles inverted from multichannel surface wave with borehole measurements","docAbstract":"Recent field tests illustrate the accuracy and consistency of calculating near-surface shear (S)-wave velocities using multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW). S-wave velocity profiles (S-wave velocity vs. depth) derived from MASW compared favorably to direct borehole measurements at sites in Kansas, British Columbia, and Wyoming. Effects of changing the total number of recording channels, sampling interval, source offset, and receiver spacing on the inverted S-wave velocity were studied at a test site in Lawrence, Kansas. On the average, the difference between MASW calculated Vs and borehole measured Vs in eight wells along the Fraser River in Vancouver, Canada was less than 15%. One of the eight wells was a blind test well with the calculated overall difference between MASW and borehole measurements less than 9%. No systematic differences were observed in derived Vs values from any of the eight test sites. Surface wave analysis performed on surface data from Wyoming provided S-wave velocities in near-surface materials. Velocity profiles from MASW were confirmed by measurements based on suspension log analysis. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00008-8","issn":"02677261","usgsCitation":"Xia, J., Miller, R., Park, C., Hunter, J., Harris, J.B., and Ivanov, J., 2002, Comparing shear-wave velocity profiles inverted from multichannel surface wave with borehole measurements: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 22, no. 3, p. 181-190, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00008-8.","startPage":"181","endPage":"190","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207780,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00008-8"},{"id":232983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f839e4b0c8380cd4cf5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Park, C.B.","contributorId":21714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunter, J. A.","contributorId":94067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harris, J. B.","contributorId":80441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ivanov, J.","contributorId":107068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70024600,"text":"70024600 - 2002 - Mercury in feathers from Chilean birds: Influence of location, feeding strategy, and taxonomic affiliation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70024600","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury in feathers from Chilean birds: Influence of location, feeding strategy, and taxonomic affiliation","docAbstract":"This study reports baseline concentrations of mercury (Hg) in feathers from different species of birds sampled at various locations off the Chilean coast (Southeastern Pacific). Hg concentrations were evaluated in relation to geographic location, taxonomic affiliation, and feeding strategies. Between January and March of 1995, we collected mature contour feathers from 116 birds belonging to 22 species, mostly seabirds. Birds were collected from 10 different locations (26??09???S, 70??40???W to 54??56???S, 67??37???W). Feather Hg concentrations ranged from 0.11 to 13 ??gg-1 dry weight. We found differences in feather Hg concentrations across taxonomic groups, with highest concentrations in petrels, shearwaters, and albatrosses (Procellaridae), followed by boobies (Sulidae), gulls, terns, skuas (Laridae) and cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae). Ibises and oystercatchers (Threskiornithidae and Charadriidae) had intermediate values, whereas ducks and geese (Anatidae) contained the least amount of Hg. Oceanic species preying on mesopelagic fish (the Procellariformes albatrosses, petrels, and fulmars) had over twice as much Hg (overall average of 3.9 ??gg-1) when compared to the rest of the species sampled (overall average of 1.5 ??gg-1). We did not find higher Hg concentrations in birds inhabiting the more heavily industrialized and urbanized areas of the country (central and northern regions), but in birds inhabiting the remote Juan Ferna??ndez Archipelago. This is not surprising, since all the Procellariformes (the group with highest Hg values in this study) were collected from these islands. Except for Hg in Kermadec petrels (mean of 12 ??gg-1), the range of Hg values reported here (0.11-7.3 ??gg-1) fell below those known to cause adverse health and reproductive effects in birds. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-326X(01)00280-6","issn":"0025326X","usgsCitation":"Ochoa-Acua, H., Sepulveda, M.S., and Gross, T., 2002, Mercury in feathers from Chilean birds: Influence of location, feeding strategy, and taxonomic affiliation: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 44, no. 4, p. 340-345, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(01)00280-6.","startPage":"340","endPage":"345","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207761,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(01)00280-6"},{"id":232950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5410e4b0c8380cd6ce88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ochoa-Acua, H.","contributorId":27231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ochoa-Acua","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sepulveda, M. S.","contributorId":99918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gross, T. S.","contributorId":95828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"T. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024599,"text":"70024599 - 2002 - Preserving the distribution of inorganic arsenic species in groundwater and acid mine drainage samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70024599","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preserving the distribution of inorganic arsenic species in groundwater and acid mine drainage samples","docAbstract":"The distribution of inorganic arsenic species must be preserved in the field to eliminate changes caused by metal oxyhydroxide precipitation, photochemical oxidation, and redox reactions. Arsenic species sorb to iron and manganese oxyhydroxide precipitates, and arsenite can be oxidized to arsenate by photolytically produced free radicals in many sample matrices. Several preservatives were evaluated to minimize metal oxyhydroxide precipitation, such as inorganic acids and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). EDTA was found to work best for all sample matrices tested. Storing samples in opaque polyethylene bottles eliminated the effects of photochemical reactions. The preservation technique was tested on 71 groundwater and six acid mine drainage samples. Concentrations in groundwater samples reached 720 ??g-As/L for arsenite and 1080 ??g-As/L for arsenate, and acid mine drainage samples reached 13 000 ??g-As/L for arsenite and 3700 ??g-As/L for arsenate. The arsenic species distribution in the samples ranged from 0 to 90% arsenite. The stability of the preservation technique was established by comparing laboratory arsenic speciation results for samples preserved in the field to results for subsamples speciated onsite. Statistical analyses indicated that the difference between arsenite and arsenate concentrations for samples preserved with EDTA in opaque bottles and field speciation results were analytically insignificant. The percentage change in arsenite:arsenate ratios for a preserved acid mine drainage sample and groundwater sample during a 3-month period was -5 and +3%, respectively.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es0157651","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Bednar, A., Garbarino, J., Ranville, J., and Wildeman, T., 2002, Preserving the distribution of inorganic arsenic species in groundwater and acid mine drainage samples: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 10, p. 2213-2218, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0157651.","startPage":"2213","endPage":"2218","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207760,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0157651"},{"id":232949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b54e4b0c8380cd7e205","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bednar, A.J.","contributorId":67247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bednar","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garbarino, J.R.","contributorId":76326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbarino","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ranville, J. F.","contributorId":54245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranville","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wildeman, T.R.","contributorId":30248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildeman","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024593,"text":"70024593 - 2002 - Components of productivity in black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla: Response to supplemental feeding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-04T16:38:55.632752","indexId":"70024593","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2190,"text":"Journal of Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Components of productivity in black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla: Response to supplemental feeding","docAbstract":"<p><span>In contrast to the high productivity of black‐legged kittiwakes in Britain, kittiwakes at many colonies in Alaska have failed chronically to reproduce since the mid 1970s. To determine if food is limiting productivity and, if so, at what stages of nesting food shortages are most severe, in 1996 and 1997 we supplementally fed kittiwakes nesting on an abandoned building. The effects of feeding were stronger in 1997 than in 1996, possibly because naturally occurring prey were of poorer quality in 1997. Consumption of supplemental herring declined as egg laying approached then increased slowly during incubation and more rapidly after hatching. All of the six components of productivity we studied were improved by supplemental feeding to some degree. Supplemental food did not significantly alter laying success in either year, although fed pairs bred at slightly higher rates than unfed pairs in 1997, the poorer food year. In 1996 and 1997, extra food noticeably increased clutch size and hatching success, but significantly so only in 1997. Fledging success and productivity were substantially augmented by feeding in both years. Fed pairs fledged twice as many chicks per nest as did unfed pairs in 1996 and three times as many in 1997. Fed and unfed pairs lost most of their potential productivity through the inability to hatch eggs, and secondarily because of their poor success at raising chicks. The benefits of supplemental feeding did not carry over from one stage of breeding to another. Pairs cut off from supplemental food after laying or hatching performed similarly to pairs that had not been previously fed. This study provides benchmark values of breeding performance attainable by kittiwakes in Alaska under optimal conditions. These values are comparable to highly productive colonies in Britain and suggest that differences in life‐history characteristics between Pacific and Atlantic breeding populations are primarily controlled by food supply.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Gill, V., and Hatch, S.A., 2002, Components of productivity in black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla: Response to supplemental feeding: Journal of Avian Biology, v. 33, no. 2, p. 113-126.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207688,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1034/j.1600-048X.2002.330201.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Middleton Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -146.40243530273438,\n              59.39477224351406\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.25411987304688,\n              59.39477224351406\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.25411987304688,\n              59.47752265509619\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.40243530273438,\n              59.47752265509619\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.40243530273438,\n              59.39477224351406\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f913e4b0c8380cd4d40c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gill, V.A.","contributorId":35498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024592,"text":"70024592 - 2002 - Hydrographic and particle distributions over the Palos Verdes continental shelf: Spatial, seasonal and daily variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70024592","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrographic and particle distributions over the Palos Verdes continental shelf: Spatial, seasonal and daily variability","docAbstract":"Moorings and towyo mapping were used to study the temporal and spatial variability of physical processes and suspended particulate material over the continental shelf of the Palos Verdes Peninsula in southwestern Los Angeles, California during the late summer of 1992 and winter of 1992-93. Seasonal evolution of the hydrographic structure is related to seasonal atmospheric forcing. During summer, stratification results from heating of the upper layer. Summer insolation coupled with the stratification results in a slight salinity increase nearsurface due to evaporation. Winter cooling removes much of the upper layer stratification, but winter storms can introduce sufficient quantities of freshwater into the shelf water column again adding stratification through the buoyancy input. Vertical mixing of the low salinity surface water deeper into the water column decreases the sharp nearsurface stratification and reduces the overall salinity of the upper water column. Moored conductivity measurements indicate that the decreased salinity persisted for at least 2 months after a major storm with additional freshwater inputs through the period. Four particulate groups contributed to the suspended particulate load in the water column: phytoplankton, resuspended sediments, and particles in treated sewage effluent were observed in every towyo mapping cruise; terrigenous particles are introduced through runoff from winter rainstorms. Terrigenous suspended particulate material sinks from the water column in <9 days and phytoplankton respond to the stormwater input of buoyancy and nutrients within the same period. The suspended particles near the bottom have spatially patchy distributions, but are always present in hydrographic surveys of the shelf. Temporal variations in these particles do not show a significant tidal response, but they may be maintained in suspension by internal wave and tide processes impinging on the shelf. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00114-5","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Jones, B., Noble, M., and Dickey, T., 2002, Hydrographic and particle distributions over the Palos Verdes continental shelf: Spatial, seasonal and daily variability: Continental Shelf Research, v. 22, no. 6-7, p. 945-965, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00114-5.","startPage":"945","endPage":"965","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207687,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00114-5"},{"id":232845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"6-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a34f7e4b0c8380cd5fb89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, B.H.","contributorId":96810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noble, M.A.","contributorId":93513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dickey, T.D.","contributorId":9812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickey","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024591,"text":"70024591 - 2002 - Organochlorine chemical residues in fish from the Mississippi River basin, 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T13:36:20","indexId":"70024591","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine chemical residues in fish from the Mississippi River basin, 1995","docAbstract":"Fish were collected in late 1995 from 34 National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program (NCBP) stations and 13 National Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) stations in the Mississippi River basin (MRB) and in late 1996 from a reference site in West Virginia. Four composite samples, each comprising (nominally) 10 adult common carp (Cyprinus carpio) or black bass (Micropterus spp.) of the same sex, were collected from each site and analyzed for organochlorine chemical residues by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. At the NCBP stations, which are located on relatively large rivers, concentrations of organochlorine chemical residues were generally lower than when last sampled in the mid-1980s. Residues derived from DDT (primarily p,p???-DDE) were detected at all sites (including the reference site); however, only traces (??? 0.02 ??g/g) of the parent insecticide (p,p???-DDT) were present, which indicates continued weathering of residual DDT from past use. Nevertheless, concentrations of DDT (as p,p???-DDE) in fish from the cotton-farming regions of the lower MRB were great enough to constitute a hazard to fish-eating wildlife and were especially high at the NAWQA sites on the lower-order rivers and streams of the Mississippi embayment. Mirex was detected at only two sites, both in Louisiana, and toxaphene was found exclusively in the lower MRB. Most cyclodiene pesticides (dieldrin, chlordane, and heptachlor epoxide) were more widespread in their distributions, but concentrations were lower than in the 1980s except at a site on the Mississippi River near Memphis, TN. Concentrations were also somewhat elevated at sites in the Corn Belt. Endrin was detected exclusively at the Memphis site. PCB concentrations generally declined, and residues were detected (??? 0.05 ??g/g) at only 35% of the stations, mostly in the more industrialized parts of the MRB.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-002-1127-1","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Schmitt, C., 2002, Organochlorine chemical residues in fish from the Mississippi River basin, 1995: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 43, no. 1, p. 81-97, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-002-1127-1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207667,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-002-1127-1"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ffae4b0c8380cd75d9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmitt, C. J. 0000-0001-6804-2360","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":56339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024590,"text":"70024590 - 2002 - A 1500-year record of climatic and environmental change in Elk Lake, Minnesota I: Varve thickness and gray-scale density","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70024590","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 1500-year record of climatic and environmental change in Elk Lake, Minnesota I: Varve thickness and gray-scale density","docAbstract":"The deepest part (29.5 m) of Elk Lake, Clearwater County, northwestern Minnesota, contains a complete Holocene section that is continuously varved. The varve components are predominantly autochthonous (CaCO3, organic matter, biogenic silica, and several iron and manganese minerals), but the varves do contain a minor detrital-clastic (aluminosilicate) component that is predominantly wind-borne (eolian) and provides an important record of atmospheric conditions. Singular spectrum analysis (SSA) and wavelet analysis of varve thickness recognized significant periodicities in the multicentennial and multidecadal bands that varied in power (i.e., variable significance) and position (i.e., variable period) within the periodic bands. Persistent periodicities of about 10, 22, 40, and 90 years, and, in particular, multicentennial periodicities in varve thickness and other proxy variables are similar to those in spectra of radiocarbon production, a proxy for past solar activity. This suggests that there may be a solar control, perhaps through geomagnetic effects on atmospheric circulation. Multicentennial and multidecadal periodicities also occur in wavelet spectra of relative gray-scale density. However, gray-scale density does not appear to correlate with any of the measured proxy variables, and at this point we do not know what controlled gray scale.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleolimnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1016062207440","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Dean, W., Anderson, R., Platt, B.J., and Anderson, D., 2002, A 1500-year record of climatic and environmental change in Elk Lake, Minnesota I: Varve thickness and gray-scale density: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 27, no. 3, p. 287-299, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016062207440.","startPage":"287","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207666,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016062207440"},{"id":232806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2c0e4b0c8380cd45c04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, W.","contributorId":24076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, R.","contributorId":104191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Platt, Bradbury J.","contributorId":67651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platt","given":"Bradbury","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, D.","contributorId":9211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024589,"text":"70024589 - 2002 - Fluvial sediment transport and deposition following the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:14","indexId":"70024589","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluvial sediment transport and deposition following the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo","docAbstract":"The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo generated extreme sediment yields from watersheds heavily impacted by pyroclastic flows. Bedload sampling in the Pasig-Potrero River, one of the most heavily impacted rivers, revealed negligible critical shear stress and very high transport rates that reflected an essentially unlimited sediment supply and the enhanced mobility of particles moving over a smooth, fine-grained bed. Dimensionless bedload transport rates in the Pasig-Potrero River differed substantially from those previously reported for rivers in temperate regions for the same dimensionless shear stress, but were similar to rates identified in rivers on other volcanoes and ephemeral streams in arid environments. The similarity between volcanically disturbed and arid rivers appears to arise from the lack of an armored bed surface due to very high relative sediment supply; in arid rivers, this is attributed to a flashy hydrograph, whereas volcanically disturbed rivers lack armoring due to sustained high rates of sediment delivery. This work suggests that the increases in sediment supply accompanying massive disturbance induce morphologic and hydrologic changes that temporarily enhance transport efficiency until the watershed recovers and sediment supply is reduced. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00155-6","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Hayes, S., Montgomery, D.R., and Newhall, C.G., 2002, Fluvial sediment transport and deposition following the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo: Geomorphology, v. 45, no. 3-4, p. 211-224, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00155-6.","startPage":"211","endPage":"224","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207641,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00155-6"},{"id":232769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12a4e4b0c8380cd543a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, S.K.","contributorId":81667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montgomery, D. R.","contributorId":41582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montgomery","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newhall, C. G.","contributorId":93056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024588,"text":"70024588 - 2002 - Integrated biostratigraphic and radiometric study on the Lower Cenomanian (Cretaceous) of Hokkaido, Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T16:54:37.33136","indexId":"70024588","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3162,"text":"Proceedings of the Japan Academy Series B: Physical and Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated biostratigraphic and radiometric study on the Lower Cenomanian (Cretaceous) of Hokkaido, Japan","docAbstract":"<p><span>New</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar-</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar total fusion ages have been obtained on sanidine from tuffs in the zone of&nbsp;</span><i>Mantelliceras saxbii</i><span>&nbsp;(equivalent to the same subzone of the European ammonite zonation) and the zone of&nbsp;</span><i>Graysonites wooldridgei</i><span>&nbsp;(equivalent to the European subzone of&nbsp;</span><i>Neostlingoceras carcitanense</i><span>). Ages of 98.98±0.38 Ma and 99.16±0.37 Ma, for these zones, respectively, place new constraints on the age of the AlbianlCenomanian boundary. If the base of the Cenomanian is to be defined, as currently proposed, as the FAD of the planktonic foraminifera&nbsp;</span><i>Rotalipora globotruncanoides</i><span>&nbsp;then the Albian/Cenomanian boundary will be at least as old as 99.2±0.4 Ma. Some 50±10m of undated sediments lie below the lowest find of&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>.&nbsp;</span><i>globotruncanoides</i><span>&nbsp;and above&nbsp;</span><i>bono fide</i><span>&nbsp;uppermost Albian strata.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Japan Academy","doi":"10.2183/pjab.78.149","usgsCitation":"Obradovich, J.D., Matsumoto, T., Nishida, T., and Inoue, Y., 2002, Integrated biostratigraphic and radiometric study on the Lower Cenomanian (Cretaceous) of Hokkaido, Japan: Proceedings of the Japan Academy Series B: Physical and Biological Sciences, v. 78, no. 6, p. 149-153, https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.78.149.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478798,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.78.149","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","otherGeospatial":"Hokkaido","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              143.3935546875,\n              41.95131994679697\n            ],\n            [\n              143.67919921874997,\n              42.601619944327965\n            ],\n            [\n              144.33837890625,\n              42.924251753870685\n            ],\n            [\n              145.92041015625,\n              43.32517767999296\n            ],\n            [\n              145.30517578125,\n              43.67581809328341\n            ],\n            [\n              145.39306640624997,\n              44.38669150215206\n            ],\n      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T.","contributorId":100582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishida","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Inoue, Y.","contributorId":8647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inoue","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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