{"pageNumber":"2981","pageRowStart":"74500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70023964,"text":"70023964 - 2002 - Comparison of mitochondrial DNA control region sequence and microsatellite DNA analyses in estimating population structure and gene flow rates in Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70023964","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of mitochondrial DNA control region sequence and microsatellite DNA analyses in estimating population structure and gene flow rates in Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus","docAbstract":"Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus is large, long-lived, and anadromous with subspecies distributed along the Atlantic (A. oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) and Gulf of Mexico (A. o. desotoi) coasts of North America. Although it is not certain if extirpation of some population units has occurred, because of anthropogenic influences abundances of all populations are low compared with historical levels. Informed management of A. oxyrinchus demands a detailed knowledge of its population structure, levels of genetic diversity, and likelihood to home to natal rivers. We compared the use of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequence and microsatellite nuclear DNA (nDNA) analyses in identifying the stock structure and homing fidelity of Atlantic and Gulf coast populations of A. oxyrinchus. The approaches were concordant in that they revealed moderate to high levels of genetic diversity and suggested that populations of Atlantic sturgeon are highly structured. At least six genetically distinct management units were detected using the two approaches among the rivers surveyed. Mitochondrial DNA sequences revealed a significant cline in haplotype diversity along the Atlantic coast with monomorphism observed in Canadian populations. High levels of nDNA diversity were also observed among populations along the Atlantic coast, including the two Canadian populations, probably resulting from the more rapid rate of mutational and evolutionary change at microsatellite loci. Estimates of gene flow among populations were similar between both approaches with the exception that because of mtDNA monomorphism in Canadian populations, gene flow estimates between them were unobtainable. Analyses of both genomes provided high resolution and confidence in characterizing the population structure of Atlantic sturgeon. Microsatellite analysis was particularly informative in delineating population structure in rivers that were recently glaciated and may prove diagnostic in rivers that are geographically proximal along the south Atlantic coast of the US.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00380.x","issn":"01758659","usgsCitation":"Wirgin, I., Waldman, J., Stabile, J., Lubinski, B., and King, T., 2002, Comparison of mitochondrial DNA control region sequence and microsatellite DNA analyses in estimating population structure and gene flow rates in Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 18, no. 4-6, p. 313-319, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00380.x.","startPage":"313","endPage":"319","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478617,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00380.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207051,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00380.x"},{"id":231628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f878e4b0c8380cd4d117","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wirgin, I.","contributorId":23103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirgin","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waldman, J.","contributorId":65340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldman","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stabile, J.","contributorId":49242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stabile","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lubinski, B.","contributorId":52045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubinski","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"King, T.","contributorId":46906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023797,"text":"70023797 - 2002 - Controls on boron and germanium distribution in the low-sulfur Amos coal bed, Western Kentucky coalfield, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70023797","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls on boron and germanium distribution in the low-sulfur Amos coal bed, Western Kentucky coalfield, USA","docAbstract":"The Duckmantian-aged Amos coal bed is a thin (<51 cm) coal bed that occurs in lobate southwest-trending pods separated by thin sandstones in the Western Kentucky coalfield. The coal bed, which is comprised of up to two benches and a rider coal, is low in ash yield (<6%) and sulfur content (<1%). The coal tends to be thin (<40 cm), but it was heavily mined in the 1980s because it could be combusted as mined. Geochemical analysis of the Amos coal bed shows higher concentrations of B and Ge than other Western Kentucky coal beds. High total B concentrations as well as high B/Be, both considered to be indicators of marine environments, increase toward the top of the coal bed. Most of the B values for the Amos samples range from 66 to 103 ppm (whole coal basis) indicating deposition in a brackish environment. High Ge concentrations in coals have been considered to be a function of seam thickness and proximity to the top and bottom of the coal bed. Thin coals, such as the Amos, are dominated by the coal bed margins and, therefore, have a tendency to have relatively high Ge concentrations. In the case of the Amos coal bed, the lower bench has a higher Ge content, suggesting that the substrate was a more important source of Ge than the roof rock. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(02)00151-9","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Hower, J., Ruppert, L., and Williams, D., 2002, Controls on boron and germanium distribution in the low-sulfur Amos coal bed, Western Kentucky coalfield, USA: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 53, no. 1, p. 27-42, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(02)00151-9.","startPage":"27","endPage":"42","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207313,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(02)00151-9"},{"id":232154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbcee4b0c8380cd4df8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hower, J.C.","contributorId":100541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hower","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruppert, L.F. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":59043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"L.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, D.A.","contributorId":98048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7114,"text":"Arizona State Unviersity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":398880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023881,"text":"70023881 - 2002 - Formation of metal-ion adducts and evidence for surface-catalyzed ionization in electrospray analysis of pharmaceuticals and pesticides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:18","indexId":"70023881","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Formation of metal-ion adducts and evidence for surface-catalyzed ionization in electrospray analysis of pharmaceuticals and pesticides","docAbstract":"The formation of metal ion adducts in liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry positive-ion electrospray analysis of pharmaceuticals and pesticides was investigated. The evidence of surface-catalyzed ionization in the electrospray analysis was also studied. Both positive and negative ion mass spectrometry were used for the analysis of the products. It was found that the sodium adducts formed in the analysis included single, double, and triple sodium adducts. Adduction was found to occur by attachment of the metal ion to carboxyl, carbonyl and aromatic pi electrons of the molecule.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings 50th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrmetry and Allied Topics","conferenceTitle":"Porceedings - 50th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics","conferenceDate":"2 June 2002 through 6 June 2002","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Thurman, E., and Ferrer, I., 2002, Formation of metal-ion adducts and evidence for surface-catalyzed ionization in electrospray analysis of pharmaceuticals and pesticides, <i>in</i> Proceedings 50th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrmetry and Allied Topics, Orlando, FL, 2 June 2002 through 6 June 2002, p. 657-658.","startPage":"657","endPage":"658","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1353e4b0c8380cd545fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferrer, I.","contributorId":97260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrer","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023789,"text":"70023789 - 2002 - Summer habitat use by Gulf sturgeon in the Choctawhatchee River, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023789","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summer habitat use by Gulf sturgeon in the Choctawhatchee River, Florida","docAbstract":"The Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) was listed as a threatened species in 1991 because of declines in abundance throughout the Gulf of Mexico. One recommendation of the recovery plan for Gulf sturgeon was to characterize critical habitats. In this study, radio telemetry was used to determine summer (June-August) distribution and habitat use of Gulf sturgeon in the Choctawhatchee River, Florida-Alabama. Ranging from 74 to 222 cm total length, 63 radio-tagged fish were located 398 times during weekly or biweekly searches in June-August of 1994-1997. A 10-km section of the lower Choctawhatchee River (river km 40-49.9) accounted for 38% of the summer locations of immature fish (less than 1.3 m fork length) and 73% for mature fish. Fish were typically located at sites that were 2-5 m in depth, with water temperatures of 25-28??C and a sand substrate. Spring discharges account for up to one-third of the mainstem river flow in this reach, but water temperatures at fish locations were similar to temperatures at fish locations in all other sections of the river. Efforts to monitor and improve habitat quality should be focussed on this river reach, given that a high percentage of the total Choctawhatchee River population occurs there during summer.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00402.x","issn":"01758659","usgsCitation":"Hightower, J., Zehfuss, K., Fox, D., and Parauka, F.M., 2002, Summer habitat use by Gulf sturgeon in the Choctawhatchee River, Florida: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 18, no. 4-6, p. 595-600, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00402.x.","startPage":"595","endPage":"600","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207593,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00402.x"},{"id":232670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f3ce4b08c986b31e41e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hightower, J.E.","contributorId":16605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hightower","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zehfuss, K.P.","contributorId":52751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zehfuss","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fox, D.A.","contributorId":87714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parauka, Frank M.","contributorId":47115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parauka","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024989,"text":"70024989 - 2002 - Holocene geomagnetic secular variation recorded by volcanic deposits at Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70024989","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene geomagnetic secular variation recorded by volcanic deposits at Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"A compilation of paleomagnetic data from volcanic deposits of Mount St. Helens is presented in this report. The database is used to determine signature paleomagnetic directions of products from its Holocene eruptive events, to assign sampled units to their proper eruptive period, and to begin the assembly of a much larger database of paleomagnetic directions from Holocene volcanic rocks in western North America. The paleomagnetic results from Mount St. Helens are mostly of high quality, and generally agree with the division of its volcanic deposits into eruptive episodes based on previous geologic mapping and radiocarbon dates. The Muddy River andesite's paleomagnetic direction, however, indicates that it is more likely part of the Pine Creek eruptive period rather than the Castle Creek period. In addition, the Two-Fingers andesite flow is more likely part of the Middle Kalama eruptive period and not part of the Goat Rocks period. The paleomagnetic data from Mount St. Helens and Mount Hood document variation in the geomagnetic field's pole position over the last ~2,500 years. A distinct feature of the new paleosecular variation (PSV) record, similar to the Fish Lake record (Oregon), indicates a sudden change from rapid clockwise movement of the pole about the Earth's spin axis to relatively slow counterclockwise movement at ???800 to 900 years B.P.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00445-001-0178-x","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Hagstrum, J., Hoblitt, R., Gardner, C.A., and Gray, T., 2002, Holocene geomagnetic secular variation recorded by volcanic deposits at Mount St. Helens, Washington: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 63, no. 8, p. 545-556, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-001-0178-x.","startPage":"545","endPage":"556","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207681,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-001-0178-x"},{"id":232835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31e7e4b0c8380cd5e32e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagstrum, J.T.","contributorId":75922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagstrum","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoblitt, R.","contributorId":89536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardner, C. A.","contributorId":75916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray, T.E.","contributorId":76097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024315,"text":"70024315 - 2002 - Biogeochemistry: Foreword","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70024315","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Biogeochemistry: Foreword","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1019829214796","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Miller, L., and Goodwin, K., 2002, Biogeochemistry: Foreword, <i>in</i> Biogeochemistry, v. 60, no. 2, p. 119-120, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019829214796.","startPage":"119","endPage":"120","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207064,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019829214796"},{"id":231655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f15ae4b0c8380cd4abef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, L.G.","contributorId":32522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goodwin, K.D.","contributorId":45472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodwin","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001874,"text":"1001874 - 2002 - First record of loosely coiled valve snail in North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T10:06:23","indexId":"1001874","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"First record of loosely coiled valve snail in North Dakota","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Prairie Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hanson, B., Euliss, N., and Mushet, D., 2002, First record of loosely coiled valve snail in North Dakota: Prairie Naturalist, v. 34, no. 1/2, p. 63-65.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"65","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1/2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3cd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, B.A.","contributorId":40553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Euliss, N.H. Jr.","contributorId":54917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"N.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mushet, D.M. 0000-0002-5910-2744","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":59377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":50090,"text":"fs12202 - 2002 - Loss of sagebrush ecosystems and declining bird populations in the Intermountain West: Priority research issues and information needs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-30T16:39:14","indexId":"fs12202","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"122-02","title":"Loss of sagebrush ecosystems and declining bird populations in the Intermountain West: Priority research issues and information needs","docAbstract":"Sagebrush lands in the Intermountain West are declining rapidly in quality and extent. Consequently, populations of many bird species dependent on these ecosystems also are declining. The greater sage-grouse has been petitioned for listing as a threatened and endangered species, and other species of sagebrush-obligate birds have special conservation status in most states. We identified the primary issues and information needs during a multi-agency workshop, conducted in response to concerns by management agencies related to declining bird population trends in sagebrush habitats. Priority needs were to (1) obtain a better understanding of bird response to habitat and landscape features, (2) develop monitoring designs to sample habitats and bird populations, (3) determine the effects of land use on sagebrush habitats and dependent bird species, and (4) identify linkages between breeding and wintering ranges. This agenda will identify causes and mechanisms of population declines in birds dependent on sagebrush ecosystems and will lead to better management of the ecosystems upon which they depend.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs12202","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002, Loss of sagebrush ecosystems and declining bird populations in the Intermountain West: Priority research issues and information needs: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 122-02, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs12202.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4283,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0122/fs12202.pdf","text":"Report","size":"500 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 122-02"},{"id":125269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0122/coverthb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640d53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024844,"text":"70024844 - 2002 - Assessment of relative accuracy in the determination of organic matter concentrations in aquatic systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T09:14:44","indexId":"70024844","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2259,"text":"Journal of Environmental Monitoring","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of relative accuracy in the determination of organic matter concentrations in aquatic systems","docAbstract":"Accurate determinations of total (TOC), dissolved (DOC) and particulate (POC) organic carbon concentrations are critical for understanding the geochemical, environmental, and ecological roles of aquatic organic matter. Of particular significance for the drinking water industry, TOC measurements are the basis for compliance with US EPA regulations. The results of an interlaboratory comparison designed to identify problems associated with the determination of organic matter concentrations in drinking water supplies are presented. The study involved 31 laboratories and a variety of commercially available analytical instruments. All participating laboratories performed well on samples of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP), a compound commonly used as a standard in carbon analysis. However, problems associated with the oxidation of difficult to oxidize compounds, such as dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid and caffeine, were noted. Humic substances posed fewer problems for analysts. Particulate organic matter (POM) in the form of polystyrene beads, freeze-dried bacteria and pulverized leaf material were the most difficult for all analysts, with a wide range of performances reported. The POM results indicate that the methods surveyed in this study are inappropriate for the accurate determination of POC and TOC concentration. Finally, several analysts had difficulty in efficiently separating inorganic carbon from KHP solutions, thereby biasing DOC results.","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","doi":"10.1039/b107322m","issn":"14640325","usgsCitation":"Aiken, G., Kaplan, L., and Weishaar, J., 2002, Assessment of relative accuracy in the determination of organic matter concentrations in aquatic systems: Journal of Environmental Monitoring, v. 4, no. 1, p. 70-74, https://doi.org/10.1039/b107322m.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"74","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207700,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b107322m"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee4fe4b0c8380cd49cbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aiken, G.","contributorId":82066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaplan, L.A.","contributorId":41625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplan","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weishaar, J.","contributorId":41995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weishaar","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024843,"text":"70024843 - 2002 - Analysis and detection of the herbicides dimethenamid and flufenacet and their sulfonic and oxanilic acid degradates in natural water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T10:37:33","indexId":"70024843","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2149,"text":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis and detection of the herbicides dimethenamid and flufenacet and their sulfonic and oxanilic acid degradates in natural water","docAbstract":"<p>Dimethenamid [2-chloro-N-(2,4-dimethyl-3-thienyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] and flufenacet [N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-methylethyl)-2-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4- thiadiazol-2-yl)oxy] were isolated by C-18 solid-phase extraction and separated from their ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) and oxanilic acid (OXA) degradates during their elution using ethyl acetate for the parent compound, followed by methanol for the polar degradates. The parent compounds were detected using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selected-ion mode. The ESA and OXA degradates were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESPMS) in negative-ion mode. The method detection limits for a 123-mL sample ranged from 0.01 to 0.07 μg/L. These methods are compatible with existing methods and thus allow for analysis of 17 commonly used herbicides and 18 of their degradation compounds with one extraction. In a study of herbicide transport near the mouth of the Mississippi River during 1999 and 2000, dimethenamid and its ESA and OXA degradates were detected in surface water samples during the annual spring flushes. For flufenacet, the only detections at the study site were for the ESA degradates in samples collected at the peak of the herbicide spring flush in 2000. The low frequency of detections in surface water likely is due to dimethenamid and flufenacet being relatively new herbicides. In addition, detectable amounts of the stable degradates have not been detected in ground water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/jf010779b","issn":"00218561","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, L., Schneider, R., and Thurman, E., 2002, Analysis and detection of the herbicides dimethenamid and flufenacet and their sulfonic and oxanilic acid degradates in natural water: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 50, no. 5, p. 1045-1052, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010779b.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1045","endPage":"1052","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207699,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf010779b"}],"volume":"50","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaf4e4b0c8380cd48b13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, L.R.","contributorId":28624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, R.J.","contributorId":97283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70188285,"text":"70188285 - 2002 - Hydrogeologic framework, ground-water geochemistry, and assessment of nitrogen yield from base flow in two agricultural watersheds, Kent County, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-18T19:55:03","indexId":"70188285","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"EPA/600/R-02/008","title":"Hydrogeologic framework, ground-water geochemistry, and assessment of nitrogen yield from base flow in two agricultural watersheds, Kent County, Maryland","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hydrostratigraphic and geochemical data collected in two adjacent watersheds on the Delmarva Peninsula, in Kent County, Maryland, indicate that shallow subsurface stratigraphy is an important factor that affects the concentrations of nitrogen in ground water discharging as stream base flow. The flux of nitrogen from shallow aquifers can contribute substantially to the&nbsp;</span><span>eutrophication of streams and estuaries, degrading water quality and aquatic habitats. The information presented in this report includes a hydrostratigraphic framework for the Locust Grove study area, analyses and interpretation of ground-water chemistry, and an analysis of nutrient yields from stream base flow. An understanding of the processes by which ground-water&nbsp;</span><span>nitrogen discharges to streams is important for optimal management of nutrients in watersheds in which ground-water discharge is an appreciable percentage of total streamflow. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), collected and analyzed hydrostratigraphic and geochemical data in support of&nbsp;</span><span>ground-water flow modeling by the USEPA.</span><br><br><span>The adjacent watersheds of Morgan Creek and Chesterville Branch have similar topography and land use; however, reported nitrogen concentrations are generally 6 to 10 milligrams per liter in Chesterville Branch but only 2 to 4 milligrams per liter in Morgan Creek. Ground water in the surficial aquifer in the recharge areas of both streams has high concentrations of nitrate&nbsp;</span><span>(greater than 10 milligrams per liter as N) and dissolved oxygen. One component of the ground water discharging to Morgan Creek typically is anoxic and contains virtually no dissolved nitrate; most of the ground water discharging to Chesterville Branch is oxygenated and contains moderately high concentrations of nitrate.</span><br><br><span>The surficial aquifer in the study area is composed of the deeply weathered sands and gravels of the Pensauken Formation (the Columbia aquifer) and the underlying glauconitic sands of the upper Aquia Formation (the Aquia aquifer). The lower 6 to 9 meters of the Aquia Formation is a low-permeability silt-clay with abundant glauconite. The Aquia confining layer underlies&nbsp;</span><span>the Columbia-Aquia surficial aquifer throughout the study area. The sediment redox transition, identified in cores, that occurs in the upper 0.5 to 1 meter of the Aquia confining layer is thought to be a site for subsurface denitrification of ground water. The first confined aquifer is composed of the glauconitic sands in the upper 9 to 11 meters of the Hornerstown Formation. The&nbsp;</span><span>Hornerstown aquifer is underlain by 10 to 15 meters of glauconitic silt-clay at the base of the Hornerstown Formation (the Hornerstown confining layer), and 5 meters of low-permeability clay in the underlying Severn Formation.</span><br><br><span>The Aquia and Hornerstown Formations dip and thicken to the southeast, and the Aquia confining layer subcrops shallowly (within 5 meters of the land surface) in a band that strikes southwest to northeast across the northern edge of the study area. The surficial aquifer is very thin (generally less than 5 meters) north of Morgan Creek, and the alluvial valley of Morgan Creek has incised into the top of the Aquia confining layer. In contrast, the Aquia confining layer lies 22 meters below Chesterville Branch, and the surficial aquifer approaches 30 meters in thickness (away from the creek).</span><br><br><span>Chemically reduced iron sulfides and glauconite in the Aquia confining layer are likely substrates for denitrification of nitrate in ground water. Evidence from the dissolved concentrations of nitrate, sulfate, iron, argon, and nitrogen gas, and stable nitrogen isotopes support the interpretation that ground water flowing near the top of the Aquia confining layer, or through the confined Hornerstown aquifer, has undergone denitrification. This process appears to have the greatest effect on ground-water chemistry north of Morgan Creek, where the surficial aquifer is thin and a greater percentage of the ground water contacts the Aquia confining layer.</span><br><br><span>The base-flow discharges of total nitrogen from the two watersheds are of similar magnitude, although Chesterville Branch has somewhat higher loads (29,000 kilograms of nitrogen per year) than Morgan Creek (20,000 kilograms of nitrogen per year), although Morgan Creek has a larger drainage area and a greater discharge of water. The base-flow yield of nitrogen (load per unit area) in Chesterville Branch (median of 0.058 grams per second per square kilometer at the outlet) is more than twice that of Morgan Creek (median of 0.022 grams per second per square kilometer at the outlet), reflecting the higher concentration of nitrate in ground water discharging to Chesterville Branch. Total nitrogen concentrations tend to decrease downstream in&nbsp;</span><span>Chesterville Branch and increase downstream in Morgan Creek. The downstream trend in Chesterville Branch may be affected by instream nitrogen uptake and denitrification, and an increasing proportion of older, denitrified ground water in downstream discharge. The downstream trends in Morgan Creek may be affected by inflow from tributaries, downstream changes in the source of discharge water, and downstream changes in the riparian zone, which could affect the processes and degree of denitrification.</span><br><br><span>Although these two watersheds appear to have landscape features (such as topography, land use, and soils) that would produce similar nitrogen discharges, a more detailed examination of landscape features indicates that Chesterville Branch has soils that are slightly better drained, tributary stream outlets at higher altitudes, and a slightly higher percentage of agricultural land. All of these factors have been related to higher nitrogen yields. Nonetheless, most of the data support the interpretation that hydrostratigraphy has the greatest effect in producing the difference in nitrogen yields between the two watersheds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Bachman, L., Krantz, D., and Bohlke, J., 2002, Hydrogeologic framework, ground-water geochemistry, and assessment of nitrogen yield from base flow in two agricultural watersheds, Kent County, Maryland, 93 p.","productDescription":"93 p.","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342107,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342106,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_Report.cfm?dirEntryID=55294"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Kent County","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59366daee4b0f6c2d0d7d656","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bachman, L. J.","contributorId":47760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachman","given":"L. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krantz, D.E.","contributorId":9838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krantz","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024842,"text":"70024842 - 2002 - Fish mortality and physicochemistry in a managed floodplain wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-22T16:38:55.584868","indexId":"70024842","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3751,"text":"Wetlands Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish mortality and physicochemistry in a managed floodplain wetland","docAbstract":"<p><span>Patterns of fish mortality and associated physicochemical factors were studied during late spring in a managed wetland canal along the lower Missouri River, Missouri. Mean dawn dissolved oxygen was lower and mean un-ionized ammonia and turbidity were higher during the fish kill than before or after the kill, or than was observed in a nearby wetland canal where no fish kill occurred. Dissolved oxygen at dawn and un-ionized ammonia concentrations were at critically low and high levels respectively, so that both likely contributed to the fish mortality. Timing and magnitude of observed carcasses suggested that&nbsp;</span><i>Ameiurus melas</i><span>&nbsp;Rafinesques was the most tolerant species for the sizes observed compared to&nbsp;</span><i>Ictiobuscyprinellus</i><span>&nbsp;Valenciennes,&nbsp;</span><i>Lepomis macrochirus</i><span>&nbsp;Rafinesque,&nbsp;</span><i>Cyprinus carpio</i><span>&nbsp;Linneaus, and&nbsp;</span><i>Lepomis cyanellus</i><span>&nbsp;Rafinesque. Decreasing mean lengths of fish carcasses during the fish kill for&nbsp;</span><i>C.carpio, L. cyanellus</i><span>, and&nbsp;</span><i>A. melas</i><span>, indicate that smaller fishes may have been more tolerant of harsh environmental conditions than larger individuals of the same species. Differential mortalities among species and sizes during drawdowns in actively managed wetland pools may have intentional and unintentional ramifications on wetland and riverine fish community structure, fish-avian interactions, and implementing an ecosystem management perspective to restoring more naturalized river floodplain wetland functions. Late summer and early autumn draining of managed wetlands might be used to benefit a wider diversity of wildlife and fishes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1023/A:1016520827716","usgsCitation":"Sargent, J.C., and Galat, D.L., 2002, Fish mortality and physicochemistry in a managed floodplain wetland: Wetlands Ecology and Management, v. 10, no. 2, p. 115-121, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016520827716.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"121","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a109ee4b0c8380cd53d39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sargent, J. C.","contributorId":73375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sargent","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galat, David L.","contributorId":13711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galat","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023816,"text":"70023816 - 2002 - Movement and habitat use of green sturgeon Acipenser medirostris in the Rogue River, Oregon, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023816","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement and habitat use of green sturgeon Acipenser medirostris in the Rogue River, Oregon, USA","docAbstract":"Green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) movement patterns and habitat use within the Rogue River, Oregon were evaluated using radio telemetry. Nineteen specimens ranging from 154 to 225 cm total length were caught by gill netting and tagged with radio transmitters during May-July 2000. One tagged green sturgeon was verified as a female near spawning condition. Individual green sturgeons spent more than 6 months in fresh water and traveled as far as river kilometer (rkm) 39.5. Green sturgeon preferred specific holding sites within the Rogue River during summer and autumn months. These sites were typically deep (> 5 m) low-gradient reaches or off-channel coves. Home ranges within holding sites were restricted. All tagged individuals emigrated from the system to the sea during the autumn and winter, when water temperatures dropped below 10??C and flows increased. This species is extremely vulnerable to habitat alterations and overfishing because it spawns in only a few North American rivers and individuals reside within extremely small areas for extended periods of time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00403.x","issn":"01758659","usgsCitation":"Erickson, D., North, J., Hightower, J., Weber, J., and Lauck, L., 2002, Movement and habitat use of green sturgeon Acipenser medirostris in the Rogue River, Oregon, USA: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 18, no. 4-6, p. 565-569, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00403.x.","startPage":"565","endPage":"569","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207482,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00403.x"},{"id":232470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f11e4b0c8380cd70d53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erickson, D.L.","contributorId":82496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"North, J.A.","contributorId":34295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"North","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hightower, J.E.","contributorId":16605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hightower","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weber, J.","contributorId":26479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lauck, L.","contributorId":98078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lauck","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023827,"text":"70023827 - 2002 - Anthropogenic sources of arsenic and copper to sediments in a suburban lake, Northern Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T14:32:32","indexId":"70023827","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anthropogenic sources of arsenic and copper to sediments in a suburban lake, Northern Virginia","docAbstract":"Mass balances of total arsenic and copper for a suburban lake in densely populated northern Virginia were calculated using data collected during 1998. Mass-balance terms were precipitation; stream inflow, including road runoff; stream outflow; and contributions from leaching of pressure-treated lumber. More mass of arsenic and copper was input to the lake than was output; the 1998 lake-retention rates were 70% for arsenic and 20% for copper. The arsenic mass balance compared well with a calculated annual mass accumulation in the top 1 cm of the lake sediments; however, the calculated contribution of copper to the lake was insufficient to account for the amount of copper in this zone. Leaching experiments were conducted on lumber treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) to quantify approximate amounts of arsenic and copper contributed by this source. Sources to lake sediments included leaching of CCA-treated lumber (arsenic, 50%; copper, 4%), streamwater (arsenic, 50%; copper, 90%), and atmospheric deposition (arsenic, 1%; copper, 3%). Results of this study suggest that CCA-treated lumber and road runoff could be significant nonpoint sources of arsenic and copper, respectively, in suburban catchments.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es025727x","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.C., Conko, K.M., and Hornberger, G., 2002, Anthropogenic sources of arsenic and copper to sediments in a suburban lake, Northern Virginia: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 23, p. 4962-4967, https://doi.org/10.1021/es025727x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"4962","endPage":"4967","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","volume":"36","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-10-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec5ce4b0c8380cd49217","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conko, Kathryn M. 0000-0001-6361-4921 kmconko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6361-4921","contributorId":2930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conko","given":"Kathryn","email":"kmconko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":398978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hornberger, George M.","contributorId":63894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"George M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024868,"text":"70024868 - 2002 - Geometry, slip distribution, and kinematics of surface rupture on the Sakarya fault segment during the 17 August 1999 İzmit, Turkey, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-07T13:50:52","indexId":"70024868","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geometry, slip distribution, and kinematics of surface rupture on the Sakarya fault segment during the 17 August 1999 İzmit, Turkey, earthquake","docAbstract":"<p><span>The&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;7.4 17 August 1999 İzmit earthquake ruptured five major fault segments of the dextral North Anatolian Fault Zone. The 26-km-long, N86&deg;W-trending Sakarya fault segment (SFS) extends from the Sapanca releasing step-over in the west to near the town of Akyazi in the east. The SFS emerges from Lake Sapanca as two distinct fault traces that rejoin to traverse the Adapazari Plain to Akyazi. Offsets were measured across 88 cultural and natural features that cross the fault, such as roads, cornfield rows, rows of trees, walls, rails, field margins, ditches, vehicle ruts, a dike, and ground cracks. The maximum displacement observed for the İzmit earthquake (&sim;5.1 m) was encountered on this segment. Dextral displacement for the SFS rises from less than 1 m at Lake Sapanca to greater than 5 m near Arifiye, only 3 km away. Average slip decreases uniformly to the east from Arifiye until the fault steps left from Sagir to Kazanci to the N75&deg;W, 6-km-long Akyazi strand, where slip drops to less than 1 m. The Akyazi strand passes eastward into the Akyazi Bend, which consists of a high-angle bend (18&deg;-29&deg;) between the Sakarya and Karadere fault segments, a 6-km gap in surface rupture, and high aftershock energy release. Complex structural geometries exist between the İzmit, D&uuml;zce, and 1967 Mudurnu fault segments that have arrested surface ruptures on timescales ranging from 30 sec to 88 days to 32 yr. The largest of these step-overs may have acted as a rupture segmentation boundary in previous earthquake cycles.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120000804","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Langridge, R., Stenner, H.D., Fumal, T.E., Christofferson, S., Rockwell, T.K., Hartleb, R., Bachhuber, J., and Barka, A., 2002, Geometry, slip distribution, and kinematics of surface rupture on the Sakarya fault segment during the 17 August 1999 İzmit, Turkey, earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 1, p. 107-125, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000804.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"125","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207962,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000804"}],"volume":"92","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2773e4b0c8380cd598da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langridge, R.M.","contributorId":86145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langridge","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stenner, Heidi D.","contributorId":35868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stenner","given":"Heidi","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fumal, T. E.","contributorId":25942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fumal","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christofferson, S.A.","contributorId":9810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christofferson","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rockwell, T. K.","contributorId":34688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rockwell","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hartleb, R.D.","contributorId":108282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartleb","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bachhuber, J.","contributorId":58059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachhuber","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barka, A.A.","contributorId":46706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barka","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70023833,"text":"70023833 - 2002 - A multiisotope C and N modeling analysis of soil organic matter turnover and transport as a function of soil depth in a California annual grassland soil chronosequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T10:32:22","indexId":"70023833","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multiisotope C and N modeling analysis of soil organic matter turnover and transport as a function of soil depth in a California annual grassland soil chronosequence","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examine soil organic matter (SOM) turnover and transport using C and N isotopes in soil profiles sampled circa 1949, 1978, and 1998 (a period spanning pulse thermonuclear&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C enrichment of the atmosphere) along a 3‐million‐year annual grassland soil chronosequence. Temporal differences in soil Δ</span><sup>14</sup><span>C profiles indicate that inputs of recently living organic matter (OM) occur primarily in the upper 20–30 cm but suggest that OM inputs can occur below the primary rooting zone. A three‐pool SOM model with downward transport captures most observed variation in Δ</span><sup>14</sup><span>C, percentages of C and N, δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C, and δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N, supporting the commonly accepted concept of three distinct SOM pools. The model suggests that the importance of the decadal SOM pool in N dynamics is greatest in young and old soils. Altered hydrology and possibly low pH and/or P dynamics in highly developed old soils cause changes in soil C and N turnover and transport of importance for soil biogeochemistry models.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2001GB001823","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Baisden, W., Amundson, R., Brenner, D., Cook, A., Kendall, C., and Harden, J., 2002, A multiisotope C and N modeling analysis of soil organic matter turnover and transport as a function of soil depth in a California annual grassland soil chronosequence: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 16, no. 4, p. 82-1-82-26, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GB001823.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"82-1","endPage":"82-26","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e48de4b0c8380cd46703","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baisden, W.T.","contributorId":22536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baisden","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amundson, Ronald","contributorId":59925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amundson","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brenner, D.L.","contributorId":68501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenner","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cook, A.C.","contributorId":43133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023825,"text":"70023825 - 2002 - Modified Biot-Gassmann theory for calculating elastic velocities for unconsolidated and consolidated sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-12T15:04:01.747542","indexId":"70023825","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2668,"text":"Marine Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modified Biot-Gassmann theory for calculating elastic velocities for unconsolidated and consolidated sediments","docAbstract":"<p><span>The classical Biot-Gassmann theory (BGT) generally overestimates shear-wave velocities of water-saturated sediments. To overcome this problem, a new theory is developed based on BGT and on the velocity ratio as a function of&nbsp;</span><i>G</i><span>(1−φ)</span><sup>n</sup><span>, where φ is porosity and&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>G</i><span>&nbsp;are constants. Based on laboratory data measured at ultrasonic frequencies, parameters for the new formulation are derived. This new theory is extended to include the effect of differential pressure and consolidation on the velocity ratio by making&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>a function of differential pressure and the rate of porosity reduction with respect to differential pressure. A scale&nbsp;</span><i>G</i><span>&nbsp;is introduced to compensate for discrepancies between measured and predicted velocities, mainly caused by the presence of clay in the matrix. As differential pressure increases and the rate of porosity reduction with respect to differential pressure decreases, the exponent&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;decreases and elastic velocities increase. Because velocity dispersion is not considered, this new formula is optimum for analyzing velocities measured at ultrasonic frequencies or for sediments having low dispersion characteristics such as clean sandstone with high permeability to predict velocities from porosity or from porosity and P-wave velocity and is in good agreement with laboratory and well log data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1023/B:MARI.0000018195.75858.12","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., 2002, Modified Biot-Gassmann theory for calculating elastic velocities for unconsolidated and consolidated sediments: Marine Geophysical Research, v. 23, no. 5-6, p. 403-412, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MARI.0000018195.75858.12.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"403","endPage":"412","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5cbfe4b0c8380cd6ff04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1017434,"text":"1017434 - 2002 - Contaminant studies in the Sierra Nevadas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-06T01:01:41","indexId":"1017434","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3030,"text":"People, Land, and Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminant studies in the Sierra Nevadas","docAbstract":"1. 1. Barred owls fed at a sub-maintenance (SM) level had significantly (P < 0.01) longer meal to pellet intervals (MPI)/g eaten/kg body weight (BW) than those fed at an above maintenance (AM) level; MPI/g per kg for owls fed at a maintenance (M) level was intermediate but significantly (P < 0.01) different from both SM and AM.   2. 2. During SM feeding, MPI/g per kg gradually increased.   3. 3. The proportion of a meal occurring in a pellet was less in ?hungry? owls whether losing weight (SM) or gaining (AM) as compared to owls maintaining their normal body weight (M).   4. 4. SM fed owls appear to be able to increase digestion time as well as thoroughness of digestion.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"People, Land, and Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Sparling, D., and Fellers, G.M., 2002, Contaminant studies in the Sierra Nevadas: People, Land, and Water, no. Aug  2002.","productDescription":"p. 33","startPage":"33","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"Aug  2002","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a266a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sparling, Don","contributorId":81859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024081,"text":"70024081 - 2002 - Remotely sensed geology from lander-based to orbital perspectives: Results of FIDO rover May 2000 field tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-29T14:30:18","indexId":"70024081","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remotely sensed geology from lander-based to orbital perspectives: Results of FIDO rover May 2000 field tests","docAbstract":"Blind field tests of the Field Integration Design and Operations (FIDO) prototype Mars rover were carried out 7-16 May 2000. A Core Operations Team (COT), sequestered at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory without knowledge of test site location, prepared command sequences and interpreted data acquired by the rover. Instrument sensors included a stereo panoramic camera, navigational and hazard-avoidance cameras, a color microscopic imager, an infrared point spectrometer, and a rock coring drill. The COT designed command sequences, which were relayed by satellite uplink to the rover, and evaluated instrument data. Using aerial photos and Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data, and information from the rover sensors, the COT inferred the geology of the landing site during the 18 sol mission, including lithologic diversity, stratigraphic relationships, environments of deposition, and weathering characteristics. Prominent lithologic units were interpreted to be dolomite-bearing rocks, kaolinite-bearing altered felsic volcanic materials, and basalt. The color panoramic camera revealed sedimentary layering and rock textures, and geologic relationships seen in rock exposures. The infrared point spectrometer permitted identification of prominent carbonate and kaolinite spectral features and permitted correlations to outcrops that could not be reached by the rover. The color microscopic imager revealed fine-scale rock textures, soil components, and results of coring experiments. Test results show that close-up interrogation of rocks is essential to investigations of geologic environments and that observations must include scales ranging from individual boulders and outcrops (microscopic, macroscopic) to orbital remote sensing, with sufficient intermediate steps (descent images) to connect in situ and remote observations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2000JE001470","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Jolliff, B., Knoll, A., Morris, R., Moersch, J., McSween, H., Gilmore, M., Arvidson, R., Greeley, R., Herkenhoff, K.E., and Squyres, S., 2002, Remotely sensed geology from lander-based to orbital perspectives: Results of FIDO rover May 2000 field tests: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 107, no. E11, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001470.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478725,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000je001470","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"107","issue":"E11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-11-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa71ae4b0c8380cd85211","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jolliff, B.","contributorId":105077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolliff","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knoll, A.","contributorId":65635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knoll","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, R.V.","contributorId":6978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"R.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moersch, J.","contributorId":66445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moersch","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McSween, H.","contributorId":41990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McSween","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gilmore, M.","contributorId":83702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmore","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Arvidson, R.","contributorId":65971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvidson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Greeley, R.","contributorId":6538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":399965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Squyres, S.","contributorId":74490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70024955,"text":"70024955 - 2002 - Effects of antenna placement and antibiotic treatment on loss of simulated transmitters and mortality in hybrid striped bass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70024955","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of antenna placement and antibiotic treatment on loss of simulated transmitters and mortality in hybrid striped bass","docAbstract":"We compared the effects of two antenna placements (trailing and nontrailing) and antibiotic treatments (treated and nontreated) on mortality and transmitter loss in hybrid striped bass Morone saxatilis ?? M. chrysops (364 ?? 28 mm total length, 645 ?? 129 g [mean ?? SD]) implanted with simulated transmitters and held in the laboratory for 90 d. Although antibiotic treatment significantly increased the time to first mortality in fish surgically implanted with simulated transmitters (by an average of 14 d), we did not detect an effect on cumulative mortality. We also did not detect an effect of antenna type on the time to first mortality, but cumulative mortality was higher in the trailing antenna groups (50%) than in the nontrailing antenna groups (12%). Three transmitters were expelled during the study, all from trailing-antenna treatment groups, indicating a significant effect of antenna placement on the level of transmitter expulsion. Antibiotic treatment appears to be effective in preventing initial postsurgical infection; however, the antenna may serve as a continuous source of irritation and route of infection into the body cavity. The potential for infection and mortality in experimental animals must be weighed against the improved performance of transmitters with trailing antennas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0204:EOAPAA>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Isely, J.J., Young, S., Jones, T., and Schaffler, J.J., 2002, Effects of antenna placement and antibiotic treatment on loss of simulated transmitters and mortality in hybrid striped bass: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 22, no. 1, p. 204-207, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0204:EOAPAA>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"204","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207728,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0204:EOAPAA>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":232904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a068de4b0c8380cd512d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Isely, J. Jeffery","contributorId":97224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isely","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeffery","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, S.P.","contributorId":50265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, T.A.","contributorId":26592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schaffler, James J.","contributorId":88911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaffler","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":403244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024839,"text":"70024839 - 2002 - Ancient impact structures on modern continental shelves: The Chesapeake Bay, Montagnais, and Toms Canyon craters, Atlantic margin of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-16T09:24:31","indexId":"70024839","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ancient impact structures on modern continental shelves: The Chesapeake Bay, Montagnais, and Toms Canyon craters, Atlantic margin of North America","docAbstract":"Three ancient impact craters (Chesapeake Bay - 35.7 Ma; Toms Canyon - 35.7 Ma; Montagnais - 51 Ma) and one multiring impact basin (Chicxulub - 65 Ma) are currently known to be buried beneath modern continental shelves. All occur on the passive Atlantic margin of North America in regions extensively explored by seismic reflection surveys in the search for oil and gas reserves. We limit our discussion herein to the three youngest structures. These craters were created by submarine impacts, which produced many structural and morphological features similar in construction, composition, and variability to those documented in well-preserved subaerial and planetary impact craters. The subcircular Chesapeake Bay (diameter 85 km) and ovate Montagnais (diameter 45-50 km) structures display outer-rim scarps, annular troughs, peak rings, inner basins, and central peaks similar to those incorporated in the widely cited conceptual model of complex impact craters. These craters differ in several respects from the model, however. For example, the Montagnais crater lacks a raised lip on the outer rim, the Chesapeake Bay crater displays only small remnants of a raised lip, and both craters contain an unusually thick body of impact breccia. The subtriangular Toms Canyon crater (diameter 20-22 km), on the other hand, contains none of the internal features of a complex crater, nor is it typical of a simple crater. It displays a prominent raised lip on the outer rim, but the lip is present only on the western side of the crater. In addition, each of these craters contains some distinct features, which are not present in one or both of the others. For example, the central peak at Montagnais rises well above the elevation of the outer rim, whereas at Chesapeake Bay, the outer rim is higher than the central peak. The floor of the Toms Canyon crater is marked by parallel deep troughs and linear ridges formed of sedimentary rocks, whereas at Chesapeake Bay, the crater floor contains concentric faults and compression ridges formed in rocks of the crystalline basement. The Chesapeake Bay crater is distinguished further by its cluster of at least 23 adjacent secondary craters. The North American tektite strewn field, a widespread deposit of distal ejecta, is thought to be derived from the Chesapeake Bay impact, perhaps with a small contribution from the Toms Canyon impact. No ejecta field is known to be associated with the Montagnais impact. No immediate major extinction event is directly linked to any of these three impacts. There is evidence, however, that the Chesapeake Bay and Toms Canyon impacts helped initiate a long-term pulse of warm global climate, whose eventual dissipation coincided with an early Oligocene mass extinction event, 2 Ma after the impacts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00144-8","issn":"09670645","usgsCitation":"Poag, C.W., Plescia, J.B., and Molzer, P., 2002, Ancient impact structures on modern continental shelves: The Chesapeake Bay, Montagnais, and Toms Canyon craters, Atlantic margin of North America: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 49, no. 6, p. 1081-1102, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00144-8.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1081","endPage":"1102","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":207652,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00144-8"},{"id":232787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ebf6e4b0c8380cd48fd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poag, C. Wylie 0000-0002-6240-4065 wpoag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-4065","contributorId":2565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"C.","email":"wpoag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wylie","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":402807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plescia, J. B.","contributorId":15689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plescia","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Molzer, P.C.","contributorId":86514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molzer","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024085,"text":"70024085 - 2002 - Seasonal and diel habitat selection by bluegills in a shallow natural lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70024085","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal and diel habitat selection by bluegills in a shallow natural lake","docAbstract":"Habitat use by bluegill Lepomis macrochirus may be dictated by the avoidance of predators and the availability of prey. Previous work suggests that bluegills large enough to avoid predators will select habitats based on foraging profitability. However, these studies focused on smaller fish (<150 mm standard length) in laboratory experiments or in natural systems with distinct vegetated and open-water habitats. Our objective was to use radio telemetry to determine monthly and diel vegetation selection by larger (>200 mm total length [TL]) bluegills in a shallow (mean depth = 1.2 m), 332-ha, natural lake (Pelican Lake, Nebraska) with both emergent and submergent vegetation distributed throughout. A total of 78 bluegills (200-273 mm TL) were implanted with radio transmitters and relocated daily for 6 d per month (April-September); up to 20 of the tagged fish were relocated every 2 h for a 24-h period once each month. Regardless of diel period, bluegills used open-water, emergent vegetation, submergent vegetation, and mixed emergent - submergent vegetation habitat types in similar proportions. During April, June, and July, male bluegills positively selected emergent vegetation, whereas female bluegills showed no vegetation selection preference during any month. Throughout the study period, bluegills never avoided open-water habitats, suggesting that larger individuals may continue to use open-water habitats in proportion to their availability. In addition, emergent vegetation appeared to be important, particularly for male bluegills. Although the mechanism for the positive selection of emergent vegetation by males was unclear, the protection or enhancement of such habitats may facilitate the preservation of quality bluegill populations in shallow lakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<1131:SADHSB>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Paukert, C., and Willis, D., 2002, Seasonal and diel habitat selection by bluegills in a shallow natural lake: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 131, no. 6, p. 1131-1139, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<1131:SADHSB>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1131","endPage":"1139","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207079,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<1131:SADHSB>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":231677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b886ae4b08c986b31696d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paukert, C.P.","contributorId":10151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willis, D.W.","contributorId":56179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024840,"text":"70024840 - 2002 - Factors influencing the nitrification efficiency of fluidized bed filter with a plastic bead medium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70024840","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":852,"text":"Aquacultural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing the nitrification efficiency of fluidized bed filter with a plastic bead medium","docAbstract":"The performance of fluidized bed nitrification filters charged with 2 ?? 4 ABS plastic beads (specific gravity 1.06) was evaluated. Three unique bed-height to diameter ratios were established, in triplicate, using column diameters of 12.7, 15.2 and 17.8 cm. Filters received water spiked with recycled nutrients and ammonia (TAN), from one of the three 500 1 feed tank system. With daily ammonia loading fixed at 8.6 g per system, TAN removal increased with column diameter at each of four tests hydraulic loading rates (6, 8, 10 and 12 Lpm). TAN in recirculated water (influent) rose from 0.5 to 1.0 mg/1 as ammonia loading increased from 180 mg/m2-day to 360 mg/m2-day. When hydraulic loading was fixed at 12 Lpm, TAN removal (%) was maximized with ammonia loadings ranging from 225 to 270 mg/m2-day. Biofilm thickness increased with ammonia loading, but decreased with increased hydraulic loading rates. Fluidized beds of ABS plastic beads were effective in reducing energy costs (head loss) of water treatment. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquacultural Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0144-8609(02)00003-1","issn":"01448609","usgsCitation":"Sandu, S.I., Boardman, G.D., Watten, B., and Brazil, B.L., 2002, Factors influencing the nitrification efficiency of fluidized bed filter with a plastic bead medium: Aquacultural Engineering, v. 26, no. 1, p. 41-59, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8609(02)00003-1.","startPage":"41","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207675,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8609(02)00003-1"},{"id":232824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ecee4b0c8380cd5362f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sandu, S. I.","contributorId":58597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sandu","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boardman, G. D.","contributorId":72331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boardman","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watten, B.J. 0000-0002-2227-8623","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":11537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":402810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brazil, B. L.","contributorId":60990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brazil","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024084,"text":"70024084 - 2002 - Composition of cavity-nesting bird communities in montane aspen woodland fragments: The roles of landscape context and forest structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-23T16:29:05.779428","indexId":"70024084","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition of cavity-nesting bird communities in montane aspen woodland fragments: The roles of landscape context and forest structure","docAbstract":"<p>We compared cavity-nesting bird communities in aspen (<i>Populus tremuloides</i>) woodland fragments classified on the basis of vegetation structure (tree density) and landscape context (surrounding vegetation). We found very few cavity nesters in fragments predominantly surrounded by forests. Fragments adjacent to meadows contained more species and a greater abundance of cavity nesters. Species richness and abundance were higher in sparsely than in densely treed meadow fragments. Because secondary cavity nesters are often limited by cavity availability, we augmented natural cavities with nest boxes. Although only five boxes contained bird nests, these were all in sparse aspen fragments predominantly surrounded by meadows. However, we found 25 northern flying squirrel (<i>Glaucomys sabrinus</i>) nests in boxes, none of which were in sparse meadow fragments. In addition to high-lighting the importance of landscape context in avian and mammalian habitat relationships, our results suggest that predator or competitor interactions may help structure this cavity-nester community.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/condor/104.4.890","usgsCitation":"Lawler, J., and Edwards, T., 2002, Composition of cavity-nesting bird communities in montane aspen woodland fragments: The roles of landscape context and forest structure: Condor, v. 104, no. 4, p. 890-896, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.4.890.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"890","endPage":"896","costCenters":[{"id":609,"text":"Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478742,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.4.890","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Uinta Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.170654296875,\n              40.56389453066509\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.500732421875,\n              40.56389453066509\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.500732421875,\n              40.896905775860006\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.170654296875,\n              40.896905775860006\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.170654296875,\n              40.56389453066509\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f927e4b0c8380cd4d479","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawler, J.J.","contributorId":8641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawler","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, T.C. Jr. 0000-0002-0773-0909","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":76486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"T.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024074,"text":"70024074 - 2002 - Sample size requirements for in situ vegetation and substrate classifications in shallow, natural Nebraska Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70024074","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sample size requirements for in situ vegetation and substrate classifications in shallow, natural Nebraska Lakes","docAbstract":"We assessed the precision of visual estimates of vegetation and substrate along transects in 15 shallow, natural Nebraska lakes. Vegetation type (submergent or emergent), vegetation density (sparse, moderate, or dense), and substrate composition (percentage sand, muck, and clay; to the nearest 10%) were estimated at 25-70 sampling sites per lake by two independent observers. Observer agreement for vegetation type was 92%. Agreement ranged from 62.5% to 90.1% for substrate composition. Agreement was also high (72%) for vegetation density estimates. The relatively high agreement between estimates was likely attributable to the homogeneity of the lake habitats. Nearly 90% of the substrate sites were classified as 0% clay, and over 68% as either 0% or 100% sand. When habitats were homogeneous, less than 40 sampling sites per lake were required for 95% confidence that habitat composition was within 10% of the true mean, and over 100 sites were required when habitats were heterogeneous. Our results suggest that relatively high precision is attainable for vegetation and substrate mapping in shallow, natural lakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1329:SSRFIS>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Paukert, C., Willis, D., and Holland, R., 2002, Sample size requirements for in situ vegetation and substrate classifications in shallow, natural Nebraska Lakes: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 22, no. 4, p. 1329-1333, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1329:SSRFIS>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1329","endPage":"1333","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207277,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1329:SSRFIS>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab066e4b0c8380cd87ab8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paukert, C.P.","contributorId":10151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willis, D.W.","contributorId":56179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holland, R.S.","contributorId":56415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}