{"pageNumber":"2982","pageRowStart":"74525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70024778,"text":"70024778 - 2002 - The effects of partial cutting on stand structure and growth of western hemlock-Sitka spruce stands in southeast Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:14","indexId":"70024778","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of partial cutting on stand structure and growth of western hemlock-Sitka spruce stands in southeast Alaska","docAbstract":"The effects of partial cutting on species composition, new and residual-tree cohorts, tree size distribution, and tree growth was evaluated on 73 plots in 18 stands throughout southeast Alaska. These partially cut stands were harvested 12-96 years ago, when 16-96% of the former stand basal area was removed. Partial cutting maintained stand structures similar to uncut old-growth stands, and the cutting had no significant effects on tree species composition. The establishment of new-tree cohorts was positively related to the proportion of basal-area cut. The current stand basal area, tree species composition, and stand growth were significantly related to trees left after harvest (p < 0.001). Trees that were 20-80 cm dbh at the time of cutting had the greatest tree-diameter and basal-area growth and contributed the most to stand growth. Diameter growth of Sitka spruce and western hemlock was similar, and the proportion of stand basal-area growth between species was consistent for different cutting intensities. Concerns about changing tree species composition, lack of spruce regeneration, and greatly reduced stand growth and vigor with partial cuts were largely unsubstantiated. Silvicultural systems based on partial cutting can provide rapidly growing trees for timber production while maintaining complex stand structures with mixtures of spruce and hemlock trees similar to oldgrowth stands.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00727-1","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Deal, R., and Tappeiner, J., 2002, The effects of partial cutting on stand structure and growth of western hemlock-Sitka spruce stands in southeast Alaska: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 159, no. 3, p. 173-186, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00727-1.","startPage":"173","endPage":"186","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232960,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207765,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00727-1"}],"volume":"159","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab92e4b08c986b322f24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deal, R.L.","contributorId":51501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deal","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tappeiner, J. C.","contributorId":39751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tappeiner","given":"J. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024780,"text":"70024780 - 2002 - Description and comparison of geologic maps with FRAGSTATS - A spatial statistics program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70024780","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Description and comparison of geologic maps with FRAGSTATS - A spatial statistics program","docAbstract":"FRAGSTATS is a public-domain GIS implementation of a set of spatial statistics that address a fundamental problem in GIS applications, description and comparison of maps. The spatial statistics from the 1:2,500,000-scale United States geologic map of Nevada, the central United States, and the northeastern United States quantify the differences in complexity and variability between these three geologic terranes. Nevada is defined by a large number of patches of small size and low size variability, whereas the Central area has a small number of patches with smaller relative size variability. All three areas have similar map-unit shape complexity with Nevada having the lowest. Based on the density of edges, the areas can be ranked from highest to lowest, as Nevada, Central, and Northeast. The Shannon diversity index ranks the areas from highest to lowest, as Northeast, Nevada, and Central, but the Shannon evenness index ranks them from highest to lowest, as Northeast, Central, and Nevada. These rankings may reflect the influence of folding in the Northeast and Central areas as opposed to basin and range extension in Nevada. The core areas statistic ranks the areas for spatial accuracy from highest to lowest, as Central, Northeast, and Nevada, with Northeast and Nevada being similar. For a scale comparison, the FRAGSTATS statistics quantify the increased complexity and spatial accuracy that is inherent in going from small- to larger-scale maps. For example for 1:2,500,000-1:500,000-scale maps of Nevada, respectively, the area weighted fractal dimension increase from 1.1 to 1.18, and the total core areas index almost doubles from 39.09 to 63.38. In addition, the fractal dimensions discriminate gross lithology and tectonic terranes. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0098-3004(01)00030-9","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Raines, G.L., 2002, Description and comparison of geologic maps with FRAGSTATS - A spatial statistics program: Computers & Geosciences, v. 28, no. 2, p. 169-177, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(01)00030-9.","startPage":"169","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207786,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(01)00030-9"},{"id":232995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fee3e4b0c8380cd4ef94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raines, G. L.","contributorId":90720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"G.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024776,"text":"70024776 - 2002 - Stabilized liquid membrane device (SLMD) for the passive, integrative sampling of labile metals in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T14:50:11","indexId":"70024776","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stabilized liquid membrane device (SLMD) for the passive, integrative sampling of labile metals in water","docAbstract":"A stabilized liquid membrane device (SLMD) is described for potential use as an in situ, passive, integrative sampler for cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in natural waters. The SLMD (patent pending) consists of a 2.5-cm-wide by 15-cm-long strip of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) layflat tubing containing 1 mL of an equal mixture (v/v) of oleic acid (cis-9-octadecenoic acid) and EMO-8Q (7-[4-ethyl-1-methyloctyl]-8-quinolinol). The reagent mixture continuously diffuses to the exterior surface of the LDPE membrane, and provides for sequestration of several divalent metals for up to several weeks. Depending on sampler configuration, concentration factors of several thousand can be realized for these metal ions after just a few days. In addition to in situ deployment, the SLMD may be useful for laboratory determination of labile metal species in grab samples. Methods for minimizing the effects of water flow on the sampling rate are currently under investigation.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1012923529742","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Brumbaugh, W.G., Petty, J.D., Huckins, J., and Manahan, S., 2002, Stabilized liquid membrane device (SLMD) for the passive, integrative sampling of labile metals in water: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 133, no. 1-4, p. 109-119, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012923529742.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"119","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207742,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012923529742"}],"volume":"133","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9660e4b08c986b31b481","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":106441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":402589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petty, J. D.","contributorId":86722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huckins, J.N.","contributorId":62553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manahan, S.E.","contributorId":102667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manahan","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024781,"text":"70024781 - 2002 - Transient stress-coupling between the 1992 Landers and 1999 Hector Mine, California, earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T10:15:54","indexId":"70024781","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transient stress-coupling between the 1992 Landers and 1999 Hector Mine, California, earthquakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>A three-dimensional finite-element model (FEM) of the Mojave block region in southern California is constructed to investigate transient stress-coupling between the 1992 Landers and 1999 Hector Mine earthquakes. The FEM simulates a poroelastic upper-crust layer coupled to a viscoelastic lower-crust layer, which is decoupled from the upper mantle. FEM predictions of the transient mechanical behavior of the crust are constrained by global positioning system (GPS) data, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) images, fluid-pressure data from water wells, and the dislocation source of the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake. Two time-dependent parameters, hydraulic diffusivity of the upper crust and viscosity of the lower crust, are calibrated to 10</span><sup>–2</sup><span> m</span><sup>2</sup><span>·sec</span><sup>–1</sup><span> and 5 × 10</span><sup>18</sup><span> Pa·sec respectively. The hydraulic diffusivity is relatively insensitive to heterogeneous fault-zone permeability specifications and fluid-flow boundary conditions along the elastic free-surface at the top of the problem domain. The calibrated FEM is used to predict the evolution of Coulomb stress during the interval separating the 1992 Landers and 1999 Hector Mine earthquakes. The predicted change in Coulomb stress near the hypocenter of the Hector Mine earthquake increases from 0.02 to 0.05 MPa during the 7-yr interval separating the two events. This increase is primarily attributed to the recovery of decreased excess fluid pressure from the 1992 Landers coseismic (undrained) strain field. Coulomb stress predictions are insensitive to small variations of fault-plane dip and hypocentral depth estimations of the Hector Mine rupture.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120000905","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Masterlark, T., and Wang, H., 2002, Transient stress-coupling between the 1992 Landers and 1999 Hector Mine, California, earthquakes: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 4, p. 1470-1486, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000905.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1470","endPage":"1486","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207787,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000905"}],"volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb705e4b08c986b326ff6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masterlark, Timothy","contributorId":92829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Masterlark","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35607,"text":"South Dakota School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":402600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, H.F.","contributorId":51950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"H.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024519,"text":"70024519 - 2002 - Isolation and characterization of a reovirus from common eiders (Somateria mollissima) from Finland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-04T16:11:47.706487","indexId":"70024519","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":948,"text":"Avian Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Isolation and characterization of a reovirus from common eiders (<i>Somateria mollissima</i>) from Finland","title":"Isolation and characterization of a reovirus from common eiders (Somateria mollissima) from Finland","docAbstract":"<p><span>Samples of brain, intestine, liver, lung, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius were collected from five common eider (</span><i>Somateria mollissima</i><span>) duckling carcasses during a die-off in the western Gulf of Finland (59°50′N, 23°15′E) in June 1996. No viral activity was observed in specific-pathogen-free chicken embryos inoculated with tissue suspensions, but samples of bursa of Fabricius from three birds were positive when inoculated into Muscovy duck (</span><i>Cairina moschata</i><span>) embryo fibroblasts. The isolates were characterized as nonenveloped RNA viruses and possessed several characteristics of the genus </span><i>Orthoreovirus</i><span>. Virus particles were icosahedral with a mean diameter of 72 nm and were stable at pH 3.0; their genome was separated into 10 segments by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Mallard (</span><i>Anas platyrhynchos</i><span>) ducklings experimentally infected with the eider reovirus showed elevated serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase enzymes and focal hemorrhages in the liver, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius. During 1997–99, the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to the isolated virus ranged from 0 to 86% in 302 serum samples collected from incubating eider hens at three nesting areas along coastal Finland. The highest seroprevalence was found in Hanko in 1999, just weeks before reports of an uninvestigated mortality event resulting in the death of an estimated 98% of ducklings at that location. These findings raise the question of potential involvement of the virus in poor duckling survival and eider population declines observed in several breeding areas along coastal Finland since the mid-1980s.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","doi":"10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0478:IACOAR]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hollmen, T., Franson, J., Kilpi, M., Docherty, D.E., Hansen, W.R., and Hario, M., 2002, Isolation and characterization of a reovirus from common eiders (Somateria mollissima) from Finland: Avian Diseases, v. 46, no. 2, p. 478-484, https://doi.org/10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0478:IACOAR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"478","endPage":"484","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Finland","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Finland","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              23.247210817244166,\n              59.834833299914976\n            ],\n            [\n              23.247210817244166,\n              59.83263993159946\n            ],\n            [\n              23.25279778282342,\n              59.83263993159946\n            ],\n            [\n              23.25279778282342,\n              59.834833299914976\n            ],\n            [\n              23.247210817244166,\n              59.834833299914976\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f3fe4b0c8380cd643a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hollmen, T.","contributorId":16787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollmen","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":107882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. Christian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kilpi, Mikaei","contributorId":102428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilpi","given":"Mikaei","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Docherty, D. E.","contributorId":83469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Docherty","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hansen, W. R.","contributorId":59378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hario, Martti","contributorId":31340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hario","given":"Martti","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70024534,"text":"70024534 - 2002 - Classification of reaches in the Missouri and lower Yellowstone Rivers based on flow characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T15:40:07","indexId":"70024534","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Classification of reaches in the Missouri and lower Yellowstone Rivers based on flow characteristics","docAbstract":"<p><span>Several aspects of flow have been shown to be important determinants of biological community structure and function in streams, yet direct application of this approach to large rivers has been limited. Using a multivariate approach, we grouped flow gauges into hydrologically similar units in the Missouri and lower Yellowstone Rivers and developed a model based on flow variability parameters that could be used to test hypotheses about the role of flow in determining aquatic community structure. This model could also be used for future comparisons as the hydrological regime changes. A suite of hydrological parameters for the recent, post-impoundment period (1 October 1966–30 September 1996) for each of 15 gauges along the Missouri and lower Yellowstone Rivers were initially used. Preliminary graphical exploration identified five variables for use in further multivariate analyses. Six hydrologically distinct units composed of gauges exhibiting similar flow characteristics were then identified using cluster analysis. Discriminant analyses identified the three most influential variables as flow per unit drainage area, coefficient of variation of mean annual flow, and flow constancy. One surprising result was the relative similarity of flow regimes between the two uppermost and three lowermost gauges, despite large differences in magnitude of flow and separation by roughly 3000 km. Our results synthesize, simplify and interpret the complex changes in flow occurring along the Missouri and lower Yellowstone Rivers, and provide an objective grouping for future tests of how these changes may affect biological communities.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.635","usgsCitation":"Pegg, M.A., and Pierce, C.L., 2002, Classification of reaches in the Missouri and lower Yellowstone Rivers based on flow characteristics: River Research and Applications, v. 18, no. 1, p. 31-42, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.635.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":502603,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1118&context=nrem_pubs","text":"External Repository"},{"id":233054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River, Yellowstone River","volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f61ce4b0c8380cd4c5cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pegg, Mark A.","contributorId":198830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pegg","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, Clay L. cpierce@usgs.gov","contributorId":525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Clay","email":"cpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":350,"text":"Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":401611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024782,"text":"70024782 - 2002 - An evaluation of biomarkers of reproductive function and potential contaminant effects in Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) sampled from the St. Johns River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70024782","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of biomarkers of reproductive function and potential contaminant effects in Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) sampled from the St. Johns River","docAbstract":"The objective of this study was to describe and compare several reproductive parameters for Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) inhabiting the St. Johns River and exposed to different types and/or degrees of contamination. Welaka was selected as the reference site in this study because of its low urban and agricultural development, Palatka is in close proximity to a paper mill plant, the Green Cove site is influenced by marine shipping activities and Julington Creek site receives discharges of domestic wastewater and storm water runoff from recreational boating marinas. For this study, bass were sampled both prior to (September 1996) and during the spawning season (February 1997). In order to characterize chemical exposure, bass livers were analyzed for up to 90 trace organics and 11 trace metal contaminants. Reproductive parameters measured included gonadosomatic index (GSI), histological evaluation of gonads and plasma concentrations of vitellogenin (VTG), 17??-estradiol (E2) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT). In general, the sum of organic chemicals was highest in livers from Palatka bass and bass from Green Cove and Julington Creek had higher hepatic concentrations of low molecular polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls when compared to fish from Welaka. Metals were more variable across sites, with highest mean concentrations found in bass from either Julington Creek (Ag, As, Cr, Cu, Zn) or Welaka (Cd, Hg, Pb, Se, Tn). Female bass from Palatka and Green Cove had lower concentrations of E2, VTG and lower GSI in relation to Welaka. Males from Palatka and Green Cove showed comparable declines in 11-KT in relation to males from Julington Creek and GSI were decreased only in Palatka males. These results indicate a geographical trend in reproductive effects, with changes being most pronounced at the site closest to the paper mill (Palatka) and decreasing as the St. Johns River flows downstream. Since reproductive alterations were most evident in bass sampled from the site closest to the paper mill discharge, it is possible that exposure to these effluents might explain at least some of the results reported here. However, the presence of reproductive alterations in fish sampled at a considerable distance from the mill discharge (Green Cove, 40 km) would suggest exposure to chemicals released from sources other than the paper mill plant. It is clear that additional studies are needed to evaluate the potential impact of these reproductive changes in populations of Florida largemouth bass inhabiting the St. Johns River. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01029-4","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, M.S., Johnson, W., Higman, J.C., Denslow, N., Schoeb, T., and Gross, T., 2002, An evaluation of biomarkers of reproductive function and potential contaminant effects in Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) sampled from the St. Johns River: Science of the Total Environment, v. 289, no. 1-3, p. 133-144, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01029-4.","startPage":"133","endPage":"144","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207809,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01029-4"},{"id":233033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"289","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea48e4b0c8380cd4875c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, M. S.","contributorId":99918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, W.E.","contributorId":33276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higman, J. C.","contributorId":65044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denslow, N. D.","contributorId":101606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denslow","given":"N. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schoeb, T. R.","contributorId":73550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoeb","given":"T. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gross, T. S.","contributorId":95828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"T. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70024535,"text":"70024535 - 2002 - Historical patterns of river stage and fish communities as criteria for operations of dams on the Illinois river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T15:38:59","indexId":"70024535","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical patterns of river stage and fish communities as criteria for operations of dams on the Illinois river","docAbstract":"<p><span>The hydrologic regime of the Illinois River has been altered over the past 100 years. Locks and dams regulate water surface elevations and flow, enabling commercial navigation to continue year round. This study relates changes in water surface elevation to fish abundance in the river, and establishes target criteria for operating locks and dams. Using long-term records of daily river stage, we identified ecologically meaningful hydrological parameters for eight gage locations along the Illinois River. Inter-annual variability of a long-term fisheries dataset beginning in 1957 was related to variability in stage, flood and recession duration, frequency, timing, and rate of change of water levels. Reversals in water surface elevation, maximum stage levels, and length of the spring flood were the most important parameters influencing abundance of age-zero fishes in annual collections. Smallmouth buffalo (</span><i>Ictiobus bubalus</i><span>), black crappie (</span><i>Pomoxis nigromaculatus</i><span>), freshwater drum (</span><i>Aplodinotus grunneins</i><span>), and white bass (</span><i>Morone chrysops</i><span>) were most abundant in samples during years that approximated the natural water level regime. Of the 33 hydrologic parameters evaluated for the entire water year from an Illinois River gage site on La Grange Reach, all except average stage in January and Julian date (JD) of maximum stage had moderate or high hydrologic alteration based on the historical range of variation (RVA). The highest degree of hydrologic alteration was for minimum stage levels (1-day, 3-day, and 7-day), rate-of-rise, and rate-of-fall. Other parameters that have been severely altered were 30-day minimum stage, 90-day maximum stage, and the annual number of water level reversals. Operations of the La Grange and Peoria locks and dams could be modified so water level variability would approximate that of the late 1800s, when fish and wildlife resources were abundant. The water regime could be regulated to maintain navigation and improve conditions for native plants and animals without increasing flood damages.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.630","usgsCitation":"Koel, T., and Sparks, R.E., 2002, Historical patterns of river stage and fish communities as criteria for operations of dams on the Illinois river: River Research and Applications, v. 18, no. 1, p. 3-19, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.630.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Illinois River","volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3195e4b0c8380cd5e045","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koel, Todd M.","contributorId":196920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koel","given":"Todd M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sparks, Richard E.","contributorId":39091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sparks","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024536,"text":"70024536 - 2002 - A 1500-year record of climatic and environmental change in Elk Lake, Clearwater County, Minnesota II: Geochemistry, mineralogy, and stable isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024536","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 1500-year record of climatic and environmental change in Elk Lake, Clearwater County, Minnesota II: Geochemistry, mineralogy, and stable isotopes","docAbstract":"Most of the sediment components that have accumulated in Elk Lake, Clearwater County, northwestern Minnesota, over the past 1500 years are authigenic or biogenic (CaCO3, biogenic SiO2, organic matter, iron and manganese oxyhydroxides, and iron phosphate) and are delivered to the sediment-water interface on a seasonal schedule where they are preserved as distinct annual laminae (varves). The annual biogeochemical cycles of these components are causally linked through the 'carbon pump', and are recapitulated in longer-term cycles, most prominently with a periodicity of about 400 years. Organic carbon is fixed in the epilimnion by photosynthetic removal of CO2, which also increases the pH, triggering the precipitation of CaCO3. The respiration and degradation of fixed organic carbon in the hypolimnion consumes dissolved oxygen, produces CO2, and lowers the pH so that the hypolimnion becomes anoxic and undersaturated with respect to CaCO3 during the summer. Some of the CaCO3 produced in the epilimnion is dissolved in the anoxic, lower pH hypolimnion and sediments. The amount of CaCO3 that is ultimately incorporated into the sediments is a function of how much is produced in the epilimnion and how much is consumed in the hypolimnion and the sediments. Iron, manganese, and phosphate accumulate in the anoxic hypolimnion throughout the summer. Sediment-trap studies show that at fall overturn, when iron-, manganese-, and phosphate-rich bottom waters mix with carbonate- and oxygen-rich surface waters, precipitation of iron and manganese oxyhydroxides, iron phosphate, and manganese carbonate begins and continues into the winter months. Detrital clastic material in the sediments of Elk Lake deposited over the last 1500 years is a minor component (<10% by weight) that is mostly wind-borne (eolian). Detailed analyses of the last 1500 years of the Elk Lake sediment record show distinct cycles in eolian clastic variables (e.g. aluminum, sodium, potassium, titanium, and quartz), with a periodicity of about 400 years. The 400-yr cycle in eolian clastic material does not correspond to the 400-yr cycles in redox-sensitive authigenic components, suggesting that the clastic component is responding to external forcing (wind) whereas the authigenic components are responding to internal forcing (productivity), although both may ultimately be forced by climate change. Variations in the oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of CaCO3 are small but appear to reflect small variations in ground water influx that are also driven by external forcing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleolimnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1016054522905","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Dean, W., 2002, A 1500-year record of climatic and environmental change in Elk Lake, Clearwater County, Minnesota II: Geochemistry, mineralogy, and stable isotopes: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 27, no. 3, p. 301-319, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016054522905.","startPage":"301","endPage":"319","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207846,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016054522905"},{"id":233088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2c0e4b0c8380cd45c01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, W.","contributorId":24076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024537,"text":"70024537 - 2002 - Last interglacial climates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024537","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Last interglacial climates","docAbstract":"The last interglacial, commonly understood as an interval with climate as warm or warmer than today, is represented by marine isotope stage (MIS) 5e, which is a proxy record of low global ice volume and high sea level. It is arbitrarily dated to begin at approximately 130,000 yr B.P. and end at 116,000 yr B.P. with the onset of the early glacial unit MIS 5d. The age of the stage is determined by correlation to uranium-thorium dates of raised coral reefs. The most detailed proxy record of interglacial climate is found in the Vostok ice core where the temperature reached current levels 132,000 yr ago and continued rising for another two millennia. Approximately 127,000 yr ago the Eemian mixed forests were established in Europe. They developed through a characteristic succession of tree species, probably surviving well into the early glacial stage in southern parts of Europe. After ca. 115,000 yr ago, open vegetation replaced forests in northwestern Europe and the proportion of conifers increased significantly farther south. Air temperature at Vostok dropped sharply. Pulses of cold water affected the northern North Atlantic already in late MIS 5e, but the central North Atlantic remained warm throughout most of MIS 5d. Model results show that the sea surface in the eastern tropical Pacific warmed when the ice grew and sea level dropped. The essentially interglacial conditions in southwestern Europe remained unaffected by ice buildup until late MIS 5d when the forests disappeared abruptly and cold water invaded the central North Atlantic ca. 107,000 yr ago. ?? 2002 University of Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.2001.2316","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Kukla, G., Bender, M., de Beaulieu, J.#., Bond, G., Broecker, W., Cleveringa, P., Gavin, J., Herbert, T., Imbrie, J., Jouzel, J., Keigwin, L., Knudsen, K.L., McManus, J., Merkt, J., Muhs, D., Muller, H., Poore, R., Porter, S., Seret, G., Shackleton, N.J., Turner, C., Tzedakis, P., and Winograd, I., 2002, Last interglacial climates: Quaternary Research, v. 58, no. 1, p. 2-13, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.2001.2316.","startPage":"2","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478805,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.650.7835","text":"External Repository"},{"id":207868,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2001.2316"},{"id":233125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44bbe4b0c8380cd66d28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kukla, G.J.","contributorId":13407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kukla","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bender, M.L.","contributorId":52346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"de Beaulieu, J. #NAME?","contributorId":49567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Beaulieu","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"#NAME?","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bond, G.","contributorId":83709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bond","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Broecker, W.S.","contributorId":95195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broecker","given":"W.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cleveringa, P.","contributorId":54377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveringa","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gavin, J.E.","contributorId":7467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gavin","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Herbert, T.D.","contributorId":7048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Imbrie, J.","contributorId":31945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imbrie","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Jouzel, J.","contributorId":15797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jouzel","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Keigwin, L.D.","contributorId":27213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keigwin","given":"L.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Knudsen, Kathy L.","contributorId":41188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knudsen","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"McManus, J.F.","contributorId":22944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McManus","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Merkt, J.","contributorId":35914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merkt","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Muller, H.","contributorId":79270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Poore, R.Z.","contributorId":35314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"R.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Porter, S.C.","contributorId":35066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Seret, G.","contributorId":23727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seret","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Shackleton, N. J.","contributorId":8996,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shackleton","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Turner, C.","contributorId":74151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Tzedakis, P.C.","contributorId":105481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tzedakis","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Winograd, I.J.","contributorId":10408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winograd","given":"I.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23}]}}
,{"id":70024783,"text":"70024783 - 2002 - Fecal-indicator bacteria in streams alonga gradient of residential development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T13:17:02","indexId":"70024783","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fecal-indicator bacteria in streams alonga gradient of residential development","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fecal-indicator bacteria were sampled at 14 stream sites in Anchorage, Alaska, USA, as part of a study to determine the effects of urbanization on water quality. Population density in the subbasins sampled ranged from zero to 1,750 persons per square kilometer. Higher concentrations of fecal-coliform, </span><i>E. coli</i><span>, and enterococci bacteria were measured at the most urbanized sites. Although fecal-indicator bacteria concentrations were higher in summer than in winter, seasonal differences in bacteria concentrations generally were not significant. Areas served by sewer systems had significantly higher fecal-indicator bacteria concentrations than did areas served by septic systems. The areas served by sewer systems also had storm drains that discharged directly to the streams, whereas storm sewers were not present in the areas served by septic systems. Fecal-indicator bacteria concentrations were highly variable over a two-day period of stable streamflow, which may have implications for testing of compliance to water-quality standards.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb01550.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Frenzel, S.A., and Couvillion, C., 2002, Fecal-indicator bacteria in streams alonga gradient of residential development: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 38, no. 1, p. 265-273, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb01550.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"273","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Anchorage","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -150.13366699218747,\n              61.062604732165404\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.65,\n              61.062604732165404\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.65,\n              61.26495144723964\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.13366699218747,\n              61.26495144723964\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.13366699218747,\n              61.062604732165404\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f4be4b0c8380cd53861","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frenzel, Steven A. sfrenzel@usgs.gov","contributorId":688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frenzel","given":"Steven","email":"sfrenzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":402607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Couvillion, Charles S.","contributorId":102243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Couvillion","given":"Charles S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024784,"text":"70024784 - 2002 - Monitoring the recovery of Juncus roemerianus marsh burns with the normalized difference vegetation index and Landsat Thematic Mapper data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70024784","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3751,"text":"Wetlands Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring the recovery of Juncus roemerianus marsh burns with the normalized difference vegetation index and Landsat Thematic Mapper data","docAbstract":"Nine atmospherically corrected Landsat Thematic Mapper images were used to generate mean normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVI) at 11 burn sites throughout a coastal Juncus roemerianus marsh in St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge, Florida. Time-since-burn, the time lapse from the date of burn to the date of image collection, was related to variation in mean NDVI over time. Regression analysis showed that NDVI increased for about 300 to 400 days immediately after the burn, overshooting the typical mean NDVI of a nonburned marsh. For about another 500 to 600 days NDVI decreased until reaching a nearly constant NDVI of about 0.40. During the phase of increasing NDVI the ability to predict time-since-burn was within about ??60 days. Within the decreasing phase this dropped to about ??88 days. Examination of each burn site revealed some nonburn related influences on NDVI (e.g., seasonality). Normalization of burn NDVI by site-specific nonburn control NDVI eliminated most influences. However, differential responses at the site-specific level remained related to either storm impacts or secondary burning. At these sites, collateral data helped clarify the abnormal changes in NDVI. Accounting for these abnormalities, site-specific burn recovery trends could be broadly standardized into four general phases: Phase 1-preburn, Phase 2-initial recovery (increasing NDVI), Phase 3-late recovery (decreasing NDVI), and Phase 4-final coalescence (unchanging NDVI). Phase 2 tended to last about 300 to 500 days, Phase 3 an additional 500 to 600 days, and finally reaching Phase 4, 900 to 1,000 days after burn.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1014362616119","issn":"09234861","usgsCitation":"Ramsey, E., Sapkota, S., Barnes, F., and Nelson, G., 2002, Monitoring the recovery of Juncus roemerianus marsh burns with the normalized difference vegetation index and Landsat Thematic Mapper data: Wetlands Ecology and Management, v. 10, no. 1, p. 85-96, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014362616119.","startPage":"85","endPage":"96","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207831,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1014362616119"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5df0e4b0c8380cd706cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramsey, Elijah W. III 0000-0002-4518-5796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":72769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"Elijah W.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":402612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sapkota, S.K.","contributorId":24434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sapkota","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnes, F.G.","contributorId":20943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"F.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, G.A.","contributorId":17687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024773,"text":"70024773 - 2002 - Stress triggering of the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake by transient deformation following the 1992 Landers earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-24T14:52:50.056554","indexId":"70024773","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stress triggering of the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake by transient deformation following the 1992 Landers earthquake","docAbstract":"The M 7.3 June 28, 1992 Landers and M 7.1 October 16, 1999 Hector Mine earthquakes, California, both right lateral strike-slip events on NNW-trending subvertical faults, occurred in close proximity in space and time in a region where recurrence times for surface-rupturing earthquakes are thousands of years. This suggests a causal role for the Landers earthquake in triggering the Hector Mine earthquake. Previous modeling of the static stress change associated with the Landers earthquake shows that the area of peak Hector Mine slip lies where the Coulomb failure stress promoting right-lateral strike-slip failure was high, but the nucleation point of the Hector Mine rupture was neutrally to weakly promoted, depending on the assumed coefficient of friction. Possible explanations that could account for the 7-year delay between the two ruptures include background tectonic stressing, dissipation of fluid pressure gradients, rate- and state-dependent friction effects, and post-Landers viscoelastic relaxation of the lower crust and upper mantle. By employing a viscoelastic model calibrated by geodetic data collected during the time period between the Landers and Hector Mine events, we calculate that postseismic relaxation produced a transient increase in Coulomb failure stress of about 0.7 bars on the impending Hector Mine rupture surface. The increase is greatest over the broad surface that includes the 1999 nucleation point and the site of peak slip further north. Since stress changes of magnitude greater than or equal to 0.1 bar are associated with documented causal fault interactions elsewhere, viscoelastic relaxation likely contributed to the triggering of the Hector Mine earthquake. This interpretation relies on the assumption that the faults occupying the central Mojave Desert (i.e., both the Landers and Hector Mine rupturing faults) were critically stressed just prior to the Landers earthquake.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120000918","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., and Sacks, I.S., 2002, Stress triggering of the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake by transient deformation following the 1992 Landers earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 4, p. 1487-1496, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000918.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1487","endPage":"1496","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232890,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Hector Mine","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              33.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -116,\n              33.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -116,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              35\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b6be4b08c986b31ce8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, F. F.","contributorId":108280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sacks, I. S.","contributorId":58038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sacks","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024539,"text":"70024539 - 2002 - Nitrate in aquifers beneath agricultural systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024539","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Nitrate in aquifers beneath agricultural systems","docAbstract":"Research from several regions of the world provides spatially anecdotal evidence to hypothesize which hydrologic and agricultural factors contribute to groundwater vulnerability to nitrate contamination. Analysis of nationally consistent measurements from the U.S. Geological Survey's NAWOA program confirms these hypotheses for a substantial range of agricultural systems. Shallow unconfined aquifers are most susceptible to nitrate contamination associated with agricultural systems. Alluvial and other unconsolidated aquifers are the most vulnerable and shallow carbonate aquifers provide a substantial but smaller contamination risk. Where any of these aquifers are overlain by permeable soils the risk of contamination is larger. Irrigated systems can compound this vulnerability by increasing leaching facilitated by additional recharge and additional nutrient applications. The agricultural system of corn, soybeans, and hogs produced significantly larger concentrations of groundwater nitrate than all other agricultural systems, although mean nitrate concentrations in counties with dairy, poultry, cattle and grains, and horticulture systems were similar. If trends in the relation between increased fertilizer use and groundwater nitrate in the United States are repeated in other regions of the world, Asia may experience increasing problems because of recent increases in fertilizer use. Groundwater monitoring in Western and Eastern Europe as well as Russia over the next decade may provide data to determine if the trend in increased nitrate contamination can be reversed. If the concentrated livestock trend in the United States is global, it may be accompanied by increasing nitrogen contamination in groundwater. Concentrated livestock provide both point sources in the confinement area and intense non-point sources as fields close to facilities are used for manure disposal. Regions where irrigated cropland is expanding, such as in Asia, may experience the greatest impact of this practice.","largerWorkTitle":"Water Science and Technology","language":"English","issn":"02731223","usgsCitation":"Burkart, M.R., and Stoner, J., 2002, Nitrate in aquifers beneath agricultural systems, <i>in</i> Water Science and Technology, v. 45, no. 9, p. 19-28.","startPage":"19","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66a1e4b0c8380cd72eb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkart, M. R.","contributorId":42190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkart","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoner, J.D.","contributorId":58261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoner","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024770,"text":"70024770 - 2002 - Photochemical changes in cyanide speciation in drainage from a precious metal ore heap","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70024770","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Photochemical changes in cyanide speciation in drainage from a precious metal ore heap","docAbstract":"In drainage from an inactive ore heap at a former gold mine, the speciation of cyanide and the concentrations of several metals were found to follow diurnal cycles. Concentrations of the hexacyanoferrate complex, iron, manganese, and ammonium were higher at night than during the day, whereas weak-acid-dissociable cyanide, silver, gold, copper, nitrite, and pH displayed the reverse behavior. The changes in cyanide speciation, iron, and trace metals can be explained by photodissociation of iron and cobalt cyanocomplexes as the solutions emerged from the heap into sunlight-exposed channels. At midday, environmentally significant concentrations of free cyanide were produced in a matter of minutes, causing trace copper, silver, and gold to be mobilized as cyanocomplexes from solids. Whether rapid photodissociation is a general phenomenon common to other sites will be important to determine in reaching a general understanding of the environmental risks posed by routine or accidental water discharges from precious metal mining facilities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es011064s","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.A., Leinz, R.W., Grimes, D.J., and Rye, R.O., 2002, Photochemical changes in cyanide speciation in drainage from a precious metal ore heap: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 5, p. 840-845, https://doi.org/10.1021/es011064s.","startPage":"840","endPage":"845","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207695,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es011064s"},{"id":232854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a78c4e4b0c8380cd78795","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, C. A. 0000-0002-1334-2996","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":27492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leinz, R. W.","contributorId":89885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leinz","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grimes, D. J.","contributorId":73575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimes","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024769,"text":"70024769 - 2002 - Distribution and abundance of mymarid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) of Sophonia rufofascia Kuoh and Kuoh (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)in Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70024769","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1016,"text":"Biological Control","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and abundance of mymarid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) of Sophonia rufofascia Kuoh and Kuoh (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)in Hawaii","docAbstract":"The abundance of mymarid parasitoids attacking the two-spotted leafhopper (Sophonia rufofascia [Kuoh and Kuoh]), a polyphagous pest recently adventive to Hawaii, was monitored using yellow sticky cards deployed in several areas on the islands of Kauai and Hawaii. The yellow cards captured Chaetomymar sp. nr bagicha Narayanan, Subba Rao, & Kaur and Schizophragma bicolor (Dozier), both adventive species, and Polynema sp. Haliday, which is endemic to Hawaii (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). The former two species were most abundant at all sites. On Kauai, there was a negative correlation between the captures of C. sp. nr bagicha and those of Polynema sp. Throughout the season, the increase in parasitoid numbers generally followed the increase in leafhopper numbers. C. sp. nr. bagicha and S. bicolor showed distinct habitat preferences. Removal of Myrica faya Aiton, an invasive weed that is a highly preferred two-spotted leafhopper host, decreased the overall numbers of captured parasitoids, but led to a twofold increase in the ratio of trapped parasitoids/hosts in weed-free areas. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Control","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/bcon.2001.1017","issn":"10499644","usgsCitation":"Yang, P., Foote, D., Alyokhin, A., Lenz, L., and Messing, R., 2002, Distribution and abundance of mymarid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) of Sophonia rufofascia Kuoh and Kuoh (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)in Hawaii: Biological Control, v. 23, no. 3, p. 237-244, https://doi.org/10.1006/bcon.2001.1017.","startPage":"237","endPage":"244","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207672,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bcon.2001.1017"},{"id":232819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a026ce4b0c8380cd50042","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, P.","contributorId":100157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foote, D.","contributorId":94823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foote","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alyokhin, A.V.","contributorId":16197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alyokhin","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lenz, L.","contributorId":47946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenz","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Messing, R.H.","contributorId":29605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Messing","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024541,"text":"70024541 - 2002 - Generalized avian dispersal syndrome contributes to Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum, Euphorbiaceae) invasiveness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-11T15:41:21","indexId":"70024541","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generalized avian dispersal syndrome contributes to Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum, Euphorbiaceae) invasiveness","docAbstract":"Plants possessing generalized dispersal syndromes are likely to be more invasive than those relying on specialist dispersal agents. To address this issue on a local and regional scale, avian seed dispersal of the invasive alien Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb.) was assessed in forests and spoil areas of South Carolina and along forest edges in Louisiana during the 1997-99 fruiting seasons. Tallow trees in these floristically distinct habitats had a few common and many casual visitors, and considerable species overlap among habitats was found. However, bird species differed in the importance of dispersing and dropping seeds among habitats. Important dispersal agents common to forests and spoil areas of South Carolina included Northern Flicker, American Robin and Redwinged Blackbird, whereas Red-bellied Woodpecker and European Starling were important in the former and latter habitat, respectively. In Louisiana, Red-bellied Woodpecker, American Robin, Northern Cardinal and Eastern Bluebird dispersed many seeds. Nearly all species foraging on seeds were winter residents. Estimated numbers of seeds dispersed and dropped were higher in spoil areas of South Carolina than in Louisiana because of higher numbers of individuals per visit, higher seed consumption and seed dropping rates, and longer foraging durations. Within South Carolina, more seeds were dispersed and dropped in spoil areas than in forests because of higher numbers of birds per visit. These findings show that among habitats, tallow tree attracts diverse but variable coteries of dispersal agents that are qualitatively similar in seed usage patterns. We suggest that its generalized dispersal syndrome contributes to effective seed dispersal by many bird species throughout its range. Effects of differential avian use among locales may include changes in local bird communities, and differing tallow tree demographics and invasion patterns.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diversity and Distributions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1472-4642.2002.00150.x","issn":"13669516","usgsCitation":"Renne, I., Barrow, W., Randall Johnson, L.A., and Bridges, W., 2002, Generalized avian dispersal syndrome contributes to Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum, Euphorbiaceae) invasiveness: Diversity and Distributions, v. 8, no. 5, p. 285-295, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-4642.2002.00150.x.","startPage":"285","endPage":"295","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207907,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-4642.2002.00150.x"}],"volume":"8","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-08-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1519e4b0c8380cd54cbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Renne, I.J.","contributorId":84951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renne","given":"I.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrow, W.C. Jr. 0000-0003-4671-2823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":11183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"W.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Randall Johnson, Lori A. 0000-0003-0100-994X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0100-994X","contributorId":63575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall Johnson","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bridges, W.C. Jr.","contributorId":62376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"W.C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1015285,"text":"1015285 - 2002 - Effects of vegetation management in constructed wetland treatment cells on water quality and mosquito production","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T19:56:21.623726","indexId":"1015285","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of vegetation management in constructed wetland treatment cells on water quality and mosquito production","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id8\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id9\"><p><span>The impact of three vegetation management strategies on&nbsp;wetland&nbsp;treatment function and mosquito production was assessed in eight free water surface wetland test cells in southern California during 1998–1999. The effectiveness of the strategies to limit&nbsp;bulrush&nbsp;</span><i>Schoenoplectus californicus</i><span>&nbsp;culm density within the cells was also investigated. Removing accumulated emergent biomass and physically limiting the area in which vegetation could reestablish, significantly improved the ammonia–nitrogen removal efficiency of the wetland cells, which received an ammonia-dominated&nbsp;municipal wastewater&nbsp;effluent&nbsp;(average loading rate=9.88 kg/ha per day NH</span><sub>4</sub>-N). We determined that interspersing open water with emergent vegetation is critical for maintaining the wetland's treatment capability, particularly for systems high in NH<sub>4</sub><span>-N. Burning aboveground plant parts and thinning&nbsp;rhizomes&nbsp;only temporarily curtailed vegetation proliferation in shallow zones, whereas creating hummocks surrounded by deeper water successfully restricted the emergent vegetation to the shallower hummock areas. Since the hummock configuration kept open water areas interspersed throughout the stands of emergent vegetation, the strategy was also effective in reducing mosquito production. Decreasing vegetation biomass reduced mosquito refuge areas while increasing mosquito predator habitat. Therefore, the combined goals of&nbsp;water quality improvement&nbsp;and mosquito management were achieved by managing the spatial pattern of emergent vegetation to mimic an early successional growth stage, i.e. actively growing plants interspersed with open water.</span></p></div></div></div><ul id=\"issue-navigation\" class=\"issue-navigation u-margin-s-bottom u-bg-grey1\"></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0925-8574(01)00105-7","usgsCitation":"Thullen, J., Sartoris, J.J., and Walton, W.E., 2002, Effects of vegetation management in constructed wetland treatment cells on water quality and mosquito production: Ecological Engineering, v. 18, no. 1, p. 441-457, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(01)00105-7.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"441","endPage":"457","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478628,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.532.7354","text":"External Repository"},{"id":132413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Hemet/San Jacinto Wetland Research Facility","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.08850860595703,\n              33.67635422308637\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.88766479492186,\n              33.67635422308637\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.88766479492186,\n              33.84988869610126\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.08850860595703,\n              33.84988869610126\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.08850860595703,\n              33.67635422308637\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fd9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thullen, Joan S.","contributorId":84683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thullen","given":"Joan S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sartoris, James J.","contributorId":98018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sartoris","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walton, W. E.","contributorId":31164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walton","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024543,"text":"70024543 - 2002 - Efficacy of glyphosate and five surfactants for controlling giant salvinia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70024543","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2180,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Plant Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficacy of glyphosate and five surfactants for controlling giant salvinia","docAbstract":"Giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta Mitchell) is a non-native, invasive aquatic fern that was recently introduced to the southern United States. The aggressive nature of the species has led to concerns over its potential adverse impacts to native plants, fish, and invertebrates. We conducted a study to determine the efficacy of glyphosate [isopropylamine salt of N-(phosphono-methyl)glycine] and several surfactants for control of giant salvinia. Studies were conducted over a 42-day period using static renewals (twice weekly) with 4% Hoagland's medium (10 mg/L N equivalent) in replicated 2-L containers. Five concentrations of glyphosate (0, 0.45, 0.91, 1.82, and 3.60% v:v) and five surfactants (0.25% concentration, v:v; Optima???, Kinetic???, Mon 0818???, Cygnet Plus???, and LI-700???) were applied with a pressurized sprayer as a single surface application in a fully nested experimental design. Untreated giant salvinia grew rapidly and exhibited an increase of 800% wet weight biomass over the 42-day test duration. Glyphosate, with and without surfactants, exhibited efficacy at concentrations as low as 0.45% of the commercial formulation. Glyphosate with Optima was the only mixture that resulted in complete mortality of plants with no regrowth.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Aquatic Plant Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01466623","usgsCitation":"Fairchild, J., Allert, A., Riddle, J., and Gladwin, D., 2002, Efficacy of glyphosate and five surfactants for controlling giant salvinia: Journal of Aquatic Plant Management, v. 40, no. 2, p. 53-58.","startPage":"53","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a085ce4b0c8380cd51ab3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fairchild, J.F.","contributorId":88891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allert, A.L.","contributorId":55987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allert","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riddle, J.S.","contributorId":34298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riddle","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gladwin, D.R.","contributorId":14153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gladwin","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024544,"text":"70024544 - 2002 - Intercontinental convergence of stream fish community traits along geomorphic and hydraulic gradients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-03T16:18:13.191367","indexId":"70024544","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intercontinental convergence of stream fish community traits along geomorphic and hydraulic gradients","docAbstract":"Community convergence across biogeographically distinct regions suggests the existence of key, repeated, evolutionary mechanisms relating community characteristics to the environment. However, convergence studies at the community level often involve only qualitative comparisons of the environment and may fail to identify which environmental variables drive community structure. We tested the hypothesis that the biological traits of fish communities on two continents (Europe and North America) are similarly related to environmental conditions. Specifically, from observations of individual fish made at the microhabitat scale (a few square meters) within French streams, we generated habitat preference models linking traits of fish species to local scale hydraulic conditions (Froude number), Using this information, we then predicted how hydraulics and geomorphology at the larger scale of stream reaches (several pool-riffle sequences) should quantitatively influence the trait composition of fish communities. Trait composition for fishes in stream reaches with low Froude number at low flow or high proportion of pools was predicted as nonbenthic, large, fecund, long-lived, nonstreamlined, and weak swimmers. We tested our predictions in contrasting stream reaches in France (n = 11) and Virginia, USA (n = 76), using analyses of covariance to quantify the relative influence of continent vs. physical habitat variables on fish traits. The reach-scale convergence analysis indicated that trait proportions in the communities differed between continents (up to 55% of the variance in each trait was explained by \"continent\"), partly due to distinct evolutionary histories. However, within continents, trait proportions were comparably related to the hydraulic and geomorphic variables (up to 54% of the variance within continents explained). In particular, a synthetic measure of fish traits in reaches was well explained (50% of its variance) by the Froude number independently of the continent. The effect of physical variables did not differ across continents for most traits, confirming our predictions qualitatively and quantitatively. Therefore, despite phylogenetic and historical differences between continents, fish communities of France and Virginia exhibit convergence in biological traits related to hydraulics and geomorphology. This convergence reflects morphological and behavioral adaptations to physical stress in streams. This study supports the existence of a habitat template for ecological strategies. Some key quantitative variables that define this habitat template can be identified by characterizing how individual organisms use their physical environment, and by using dimensionless physical variables that reveal common energetic properties in different systems. Overall, quantitative tests of community convergence are efficient tools to demonstrate that some community traits are predictable from environmental features.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[1792:ICOSFC]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Lamouroux, N., Poff, N., and Angermeier, P., 2002, Intercontinental convergence of stream fish community traits along geomorphic and hydraulic gradients: Ecology, v. 83, no. 7, p. 1792-1807, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[1792:ICOSFC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1792","endPage":"1807","costCenters":[{"id":613,"text":"Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478646,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46822","text":"External Repository"},{"id":233265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"France, United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -2.197265625,\n              49.55372551347579\n            ],\n            [\n              -5.537109374999999,\n              48.574789910928864\n            ],\n            [\n              -2.724609375,\n              46.98025235521883\n            ],\n            [\n              -1.318359375,\n              45.27488643704891\n            ],\n            [\n              -1.669921875,\n              42.8115217450979\n            ],\n            [\n              3.33984375,\n              42.22851735620852\n            ],\n            [\n              3.69140625,\n              43.068887774169625\n            ],\n            [\n              6.591796875,\n              42.94033923363181\n            ],\n            [\n              8.0859375,\n              43.58039085560784\n            ],\n            [\n              6.85546875,\n              46.800059446787316\n            ],\n            [\n              8.4375,\n              48.922499263758255\n            ],\n            [\n              1.9335937499999998,\n              51.17934297928927\n            ],\n            [\n              -2.197265625,\n              49.55372551347579\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.5400390625,\n              36.527294814546245\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.7177734375,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.86035156249999,\n              38.37611542403604\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.2119140625,\n              39.30029918615029\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.44238281249999,\n              39.30029918615029\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.62890625,\n              38.54816542304656\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.419921875,\n              37.54457732085582\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.6943359375,\n              37.405073750176925\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.177734375,\n              37.47485808497102\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.5400390625,\n              36.527294814546245\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"83","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cf2e4b0c8380cd63190","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamouroux, N.","contributorId":105482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamouroux","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poff, N.L.","contributorId":22723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poff","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Angermeier, P. L. 0000-0003-2864-170X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":6410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024546,"text":"70024546 - 2002 - Real-time water quality monitoring and regression analysis to estimate nutrient and bacteria concentrations in Kansas streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70024546","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Real-time water quality monitoring and regression analysis to estimate nutrient and bacteria concentrations in Kansas streams","docAbstract":"An innovative approach currently is underway in Kansas to estimate and monitoring constituent concentrations in streams. Continuous in-stream water-quality monitors are installed at selected U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations to provide real-time measurement of specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and total chlorophyll. In addition, periodic water samples are collected manually and analyzed for nutrients, bacteria, and other constituents of concern. Regression equations then are developed from measurements made by the water-quality monitors and analytical results of manually collected samples. These regression equations are used to estimate nutrient, bacteria, and other constituent concentrations. Concentrations then are available to calculate loads and yields to further assess water quality in watersheds. The continuous and real-time nature of the data may be important when considering recreational use of a water body; developing and monitoring total maximum daily loads; adjusting water-treatment strategies; and determining high constituent concentrations in time to prevent adverse effects on fish or other aquatic life.","largerWorkTitle":"Water Science and Technology","language":"English","issn":"02731223","usgsCitation":"Christensen, V., Rasmussen, P., and Ziegler, A., 2002, Real-time water quality monitoring and regression analysis to estimate nutrient and bacteria concentrations in Kansas streams, <i>in</i> Water Science and Technology, v. 45, no. 9, p. 205-211.","startPage":"205","endPage":"211","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a95b1e4b0c8380cd81b9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, V.G.","contributorId":23583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"V.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rasmussen, P.P.","contributorId":6887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"P.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ziegler, A.C.","contributorId":74398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024548,"text":"70024548 - 2002 - 15N NMR investigation of the reduction and binding of TNT in an aerobic bench scale reactor simulating windrow composting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-04T14:00:13","indexId":"70024548","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"15N NMR investigation of the reduction and binding of TNT in an aerobic bench scale reactor simulating windrow composting","docAbstract":"T15NT was added to a soil of low organic carbon content and composted for 20 days in an aerobic bench scale reactor. The finished whole compost and fulvic acid, humic acid, humin, and lignocellulose fractions extracted from the compost were analyzed by solid-state CP/MAS and DP/MAS 15N NMR. 15N NMR spectra provided direct spectroscopic evidence for reduction of TNT followed by covalent binding of the reduced metabolites to organic matter of the composted soil, with the majority of metabolite found in the lignocellulose fraction, by mass also the major fraction of the compost. In general, the types of bonds formed between soil organic matter and reduced TNT amines in controlled laboratory reactions were observed in the spectra of the whole compost and fractions, confirming that during composting TNT is reduced to amines that form covalent bonds with organic matter through aminohydroquinone, aminoquinone, heterocyclic, and imine linkages, among others. Concentrations of imine nitrogens in the compost spectra suggestthat covalent binding bythe diamines 2,4DANT and 2,6DANT is a significant process in the transformation of TNT into bound residues. Liquid-phase 15N NMR spectra of the fulvic acid and humin fractions provided possible evidence for involvement of phenoloxidase enzymes in covalent bond formation.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es011382r","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Thorn, K.A., Pennington, J., and Hayes, C., 2002, 15N NMR investigation of the reduction and binding of TNT in an aerobic bench scale reactor simulating windrow composting: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 17, p. 3797-3805, https://doi.org/10.1021/es011382r.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3797","endPage":"3805","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-08-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e227e4b0c8380cd459d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorn, K. A.","contributorId":33294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pennington, J.C.","contributorId":105085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pennington","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayes, C.A.","contributorId":50691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70123291,"text":"70123291 - 2002 - Tidal and meteorological influences on shallow marine groundwater flow in the upper Florida Keys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-20T14:20:49","indexId":"70123291","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Tidal and meteorological influences on shallow marine groundwater flow in the upper Florida Keys","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Everglades, Florida Bay, and coral reefs of the Florida Keys: an ecosystem sourcebook","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","usgsCitation":"Reich, C.D., Shinn, E., Hickey, T.D., and Tihansky, A.B., 2002, Tidal and meteorological influences on shallow marine groundwater flow in the upper Florida Keys, chap. <i>of</i> The Everglades, Florida Bay, and coral reefs of the Florida Keys: an ecosystem sourcebook, p. 659-676.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"659","endPage":"676","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293324,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Key Largo","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.44292449951172,\n              25.090884745395634\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.44292449951172,\n              25.114201938326083\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.42232513427734,\n              25.114201938326083\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.42232513427734,\n              25.090884745395634\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.44292449951172,\n              25.090884745395634\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a757ce4b01535cb427d28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reich, Christopher D. 0000-0002-2534-1456 creich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2534-1456","contributorId":900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reich","given":"Christopher","email":"creich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shinn, Eugene A.","contributorId":6883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"Eugene A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hickey, Todd D.","contributorId":34255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tihansky, Ann B. tihansky@usgs.gov","contributorId":2477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tihansky","given":"Ann","email":"tihansky@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":499972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024550,"text":"70024550 - 2002 - Global modeling of land water and energy balances. Part III: Interannual variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70024550","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global modeling of land water and energy balances. Part III: Interannual variability","docAbstract":"The Land Dynamics (LaD) model is tested by comparison with observations of interannual variations in discharge from 44 large river basins for which relatively accurate time series of monthly precipitation (a primary model input) have recently been computed. When results are pooled across all basins, the model explains 67% of the interannual variance of annual runoff ratio anomalies (i.e., anomalies of annual discharge volume, normalized by long-term mean precipitation volume). The new estimates of basin precipitation appear to offer an improvement over those from a state-of-the-art analysis of global precipitation (the Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation, CMAP), judging from comparisons of parallel model runs and of analyses of precipitation-discharge correlations. When the new precipitation estimates are used, the performance of the LaD model is comparable to, but not significantly better than, that of a simple, semiempirical water-balance relation that uses only annual totals of surface net radiation and precipitation. This implies that the LaD simulations of interannual runoff variability do not benefit substantially from information on geographical variability of land parameters or seasonal structure of interannual variability of precipitation. The aforementioned analyses necessitated the development of a method for downscaling of long-term monthly precipitation data to the relatively short timescales necessary for running the model. The method merges the long-term data with a reference dataset of 1-yr duration, having high temporal resolution. The success of the method, for the model and data considered here, was demonstrated in a series of model-model comparisons and in the comparisons of modeled and observed interannual variations of basin discharge.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0311:GMOLWA>2.0.CO;2","issn":"1525755X","usgsCitation":"Shmakin, A., Milly, P., and Dunne, K., 2002, Global modeling of land water and energy balances. Part III: Interannual variability: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 3, no. 3, p. 311-321, https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0311:GMOLWA>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"311","endPage":"321","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487456,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0311:gmolwa>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207665,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0311:GMOLWA>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":232804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a294ee4b0c8380cd5a846","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shmakin, A.B.","contributorId":46723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shmakin","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milly, P. C. D.","contributorId":100489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"P. C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunne, K.A.","contributorId":18920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024767,"text":"70024767 - 2002 - An assessment of support vector machines for land cover classification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T16:09:18","indexId":"70024767","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An assessment of support vector machines for land cover classification","docAbstract":"The support vector machine (SVM) is a group of theoretically superior machine learning algorithms. It was found competitive with the best available machine learning algorithms in classifying high-dimensional data sets. This paper gives an introduction to the theoretical development of the SVM and an experimental evaluation of its accuracy, stability and training speed in deriving land cover classifications from satellite images. The SVM was compared to three other popular classifiers, including the maximum likelihood classifier (MLC), neural network classifiers (NNC) and decision tree classifiers (DTC). The impacts of kernel configuration on the performance of the SVM and of the selection of training data and input variables on the four classifiers were also evaluated in this experiment.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431160110040323","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Huang, C., Davis, L., and Townshend, J., 2002, An assessment of support vector machines for land cover classification: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 23, no. 4, p. 725-749, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160110040323.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"725","endPage":"749","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232782,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207649,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160110040323"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea16e4b0c8380cd48614","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huang, C.","contributorId":65255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, L.S.","contributorId":86932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Townshend, J.R.G.","contributorId":15321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townshend","given":"J.R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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