A sedimentary deposit on the continental margin near the Palos Verdes Peninsula, California is comprised of sewage effluent and geologic materials and is contaminated with metals, pesticides (including DDT and associated compounds), and PCBs. The deposit was mapped with subbottom acoustic profilers, and sediment cores were analyzed for geochemical and physical properties to determine the volume of the deposit and the distribution and mass of contaminants. Mapping showed that the deposit ranges up to 60-cm thick, has a total volume exceeding 9 million m3, and covers over 40 km2. Virtually the entire effluent-affected deposit is contaminated with DDT and PCBs. Nearly half of the area of the deposit lies on the continental slope, but 70-75% of the volume of the deposit and total mass of DDT reside on the continental shelf. Analysis of data collected biennially since 1981 by the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County show that the mass of DDT has apparently decreased at some stations but has remained essentially constant at others. Temporal changes m mass per unit area of DDT are not statistically significant (at the 90% confidence level) at the most contaminated locations over a 16-yr period. The results of this mapping effort were used as a basis for modeling efforts described elsewhere in this issue.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00108-X","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Lee, H., Sherwood, C.R., Drake, D., Edwards, B.D., Wong, F., and Hamer, M., 2002, Spatial and temporal distribution of contaminated, effluent-affected sediment on the Palos Verdes margin, southern California: Continental Shelf Research, v. 22, no. 6-7, p. 859-880, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00108-X.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"859","endPage":"880","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Palos Verdes Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.6,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 33.85\n ],\n [\n -118.6,\n 33.85\n ],\n [\n -118.6,\n 33.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"6-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9435e4b08c986b31a927","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, H.J.","contributorId":96693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherwood, C. R.","contributorId":48235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drake, D.E.","contributorId":48150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, B. D.","contributorId":27056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wong, F.","contributorId":66451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hamer, M.","contributorId":24138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamer","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70024581,"text":"70024581 - 2002 - Diffuse fluid flux through orogenic belts: Implications for the world ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70024581","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diffuse fluid flux through orogenic belts: Implications for the world ocean","docAbstract":"Fifty years ago a classic paper by W. W. Rubey [(1951) Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 62, 1111-1148] examined various hypotheses regarding the origin of sea water and concluded that the most likely hypothesis was volcanic outgassing, a view that was generally accepted by earth scientists for the next several decades. More recent work suggests that the rate of subduction of water is much larger than the volcanic outgassing rate, lending support to hypotheses that either ocean volume has decreased with time, or that the imbalance is offset by continuous replenishment of water by cometary impacts. These alternatives are required in the absence of additional mechanisms for the return of water from subducting lithosphere to the Earth's surface. Our recent work on crustal permebility suggests a large capacity for water upflow through tectonically active continental crust, resulting in a heretofore unrecognized degassing pathway that can accommodate the waer subduction rate. Escape of recycled water via delivery from the mantle through zones of active metamorphism eliminates the mass-balance argument for the loss of ocean volume or extraterestrial sources.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.132275699","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Ingebritsen, S.E., and Manning, C.E., 2002, Diffuse fluid flux through orogenic belts: Implications for the world ocean: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 99, no. 14, p. 9113-9116, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.132275699.","startPage":"9113","endPage":"9116","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478677,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.132275699","text":"External Repository"},{"id":233267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207945,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.132275699"}],"volume":"99","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a010de4b0c8380cd4fa95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manning, C. E.","contributorId":16987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024580,"text":"70024580 - 2002 - Lower crustal deformation beneath the central Transverse Ranges, southern California: Results from the Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T17:00:56.688323","indexId":"70024580","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lower crustal deformation beneath the central Transverse Ranges, southern California: Results from the Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment","docAbstract":"We present a P wave velocity model derived from active source seismic data collected during the 1994 Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment. Our model extends previously published upper crustal velocity models to mantle depths. Our model was developed by both ray tracing through a layered model and calculating travel times through a gridded model. It includes an 8-km-thick crustal root centered beneath the surface trace of the San Andreas fault, north of the highest topography in the San Gabriel Mountains. A simple mass balance calculation suggests that ∼36 km of north-south shortening across the San Andreas fault in the central Transverse Ranges could have formed this root. If north-south compression began when the “Big Bend” in the San Andreas fault formed at ∼5 Ma, 36 km of shortening implies a north-south contraction rate of ∼7.1 mm/yr across the central Transverse Ranges. If, instead, north-south compression began when the Transverse Ranges formed at 3.4–3.9 Ma, 36 km of shortening implies a contraction rate of 9.2–10.6 mm/yr. North of the San Andreas fault, the Mojave Desert crust has a low-velocity (6.3 km/s) mid and lower crust and a 28-km-deep Moho. South of the San Andreas fault, beneath the Los Angeles and San Gabriel Valley basins, there is a fast (6.6–6.8 km/s), thick (10–12 km) lower crust with a 27-km-deep Moho. Farther south still, the lower crust of the Continental Borderland is fast (6.6–6.8 km/s) and thin (5 km) with a shallow (22 km deep) Moho.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000354","usgsCitation":"Godfrey, N.J., Fuis, G.S., Langenheim, V., Okaya, D., and Brocher, T.M., 2002, Lower crustal deformation beneath the central Transverse Ranges, southern California: Results from the Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. 7, p. ETG 8-1-ETG 8-19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000354.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"ETG 8-1","endPage":"ETG 8-19","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Transverse Ranges","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.794921875,\n 33.358061612778876\n ],\n [\n -117.99316406249999,\n 33.358061612778876\n ],\n [\n -117.99316406249999,\n 35.496456056584165\n ],\n [\n -119.794921875,\n 35.496456056584165\n ],\n [\n -119.794921875,\n 33.358061612778876\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-07-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a7ae4b0c8380cd68dcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godfrey, N. J.","contributorId":12866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godfrey","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuis, Gary S. 0000-0002-3078-1544 fuis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-1544","contributorId":2639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"Gary","email":"fuis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria E. 0000-0003-2170-5213 zulanger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":1526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria E.","email":"zulanger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":401777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okaya, David A.","contributorId":76724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okaya","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brocher, Thomas M. 0000-0002-9740-839X brocher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"Thomas","email":"brocher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70024578,"text":"70024578 - 2002 - North Atlantic Deep Water export to the Southern Ocean over the past 14 Myr: Evidence from Nd and Pb isotopes in ferromanganese crusts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-02T09:29:00","indexId":"70024578","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"North Atlantic Deep Water export to the Southern Ocean over the past 14 Myr: Evidence from Nd and Pb isotopes in ferromanganese crusts","docAbstract":"The intensity of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) production has been one of the most important parameters controlling the global thermohaline ocean circulation system and climate. Here we present a new approach to reconstruct the overall strength of NADW export from the North Atlantic to the Southern Ocean over the past 14 Myr applying the deep water Nd and Pb isotope composition as recorded by ferromanganese crusts and nodules. We present the first long-term Nd and Pb isotope time series for deep Southern Ocean water masses, which are compared with previously published time series for NADW from the NW Atlantic Ocean. These data suggest a continuous and strong export of NADW, or a precursor of it, into the Southern Ocean between 14 and 3 Ma. An increasing difference in Nd and Pb isotope compositions between the NW Atlantic and the Southern Ocean over the past 3 Myr gives evidence for a progressive overall reduction of NADW export since the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (NHG). The Nd isotope data allow us to assess at least semiquantitatively that the amount of this reduction has been in the range between 14 and 37% depending on location.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleoceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2000PA000606","issn":"08838305","usgsCitation":"Frank, M., Whiteley, N., Kasten, S., Hein, J., and O’Nions, K., 2002, North Atlantic Deep Water export to the Southern Ocean over the past 14 Myr: Evidence from Nd and Pb isotopes in ferromanganese crusts: Paleoceanography, v. 17, no. 2, p. 12-13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000PA000606.","startPage":"12","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478695,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000pa000606","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293251,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000PA000606"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a67ece4b0c8380cd73521","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frank, M.","contributorId":103396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whiteley, N.","contributorId":37924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whiteley","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kasten, S.","contributorId":37506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasten","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Nions, K.","contributorId":39165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Nions","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70024577,"text":"70024577 - 2002 - Temperate zone fens of the glaciated Midwestern USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-22T16:06:07.784901","indexId":"70024577","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperate zone fens of the glaciated Midwestern USA","docAbstract":"A study of more than 70 fens in the Midwestern United States and a review of the literature indicates that these temperate zone wetlands may differ from fens of the boreal zone and are not adequately differentiated from the by present classification systems. Fens of the Midwestern temperate zone 1) are wetlands with high botanical diversity, 2) are supported in part by ground water with conductivity > 100mS/cm and circumneutral pH, 3) contain water in the root zone during most of the growing season yet are not usually innudated, and 4) accumulate organic and/or carbonate substrates. Individually, none of these descriptors is adequate to distinguish fens from other wetland communities of the Midwest such as marshes, sedge meadows, and wet prairies; yet, when they are taken together, such discrimination is possible. While fens of this zone share many species, our study does not support using indicator species because too few are both faithfully represented and geographically widespread. Midwestern temperate fens are sustained by forces of climate, landscape, and geology, which permit ground water to seep continuously into the root zone in a focused location. Since water availability in the temperate Midwest is less than in the boreal zone, continuous discharge is needed to maintain the saturation conducive to peat formation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0301:TZFOTG]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Amon, J.P., Thompson, C.A., Carpenter, Q.J., and Miner, J., 2002, Temperate zone fens of the glaciated Midwestern USA: Wetlands, v. 22, no. 2, p. 301-317, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0301:TZFOTG]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"317","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-87.800477,42.49192],[-87.812461,42.232278],[-87.511043,41.696535],[-87.187651,41.629653],[-86.616978,41.896625],[-86.321803,42.310743],[-86.208309,42.762789],[-86.540916,43.633158],[-86.25395,44.64808],[-86.066745,44.905685],[-85.780439,44.977932],[-85.540497,45.210169],[-85.641652,44.810816],[-85.520205,44.960347],[-85.477423,44.813781],[-85.355478,45.282774],[-84.91585,45.393115],[-85.110884,45.526285],[-84.94565,45.708621],[-85.011433,45.757962],[-84.204218,45.627116],[-84.095905,45.497298],[-83.488826,45.355872],[-83.291346,45.062597],[-83.435822,45.000012],[-83.277213,44.7167],[-83.335248,44.357995],[-83.890145,43.934672],[-83.909479,43.672622],[-83.618602,43.628891],[-83.227093,43.981003],[-82.833103,44.036851],[-82.643166,43.852468],[-82.423086,42.988728],[-82.509935,42.637294],[-82.648776,42.550401],[-82.630922,42.64211],[-82.780817,42.652232],[-83.431103,41.757457],[-82.481214,41.381342],[-81.69325,41.514161],[-80.533774,41.973475],[-80.518991,40.638801],[-80.667957,40.582496],[-80.619297,40.26517],[-80.88036,39.620706],[-81.656138,39.277355],[-81.874857,38.881174],[-82.068864,38.984878],[-82.318111,38.457876],[-82.569368,38.406258],[-82.923694,38.750076],[-83.301951,38.598178],[-83.512571,38.701716],[-83.762445,38.652103],[-84.212904,38.805707],[-84.445242,39.114461],[-84.744149,39.147458],[-84.888873,39.066376],[-84.816506,38.80532],[-85.448862,38.713368],[-85.415272,38.555416],[-85.816164,38.282969],[-86.042354,37.958018],[-86.33281,38.182938],[-86.634271,37.843845],[-86.810913,37.99715],[-87.065388,37.810481],[-87.402632,37.942267],[-87.666522,37.827455],[-87.921744,37.907885],[-88.158374,37.639948],[-88.063311,37.515755],[-88.450127,37.411717],[-88.490068,37.067874],[-89.058036,37.188767],[-89.171881,37.068184],[-89.202607,36.601576],[-89.343753,36.630991],[-89.429311,36.481875],[-89.55264,36.577178],[-89.527029,36.341679],[-89.703511,36.243412],[-89.615128,36.113816],[-89.733095,36.000608],[-90.368718,35.995812],[-90.075934,36.281485],[-90.157136,36.484317],[-94.617919,36.499414],[-94.605734,39.122204],[-95.082714,39.516712],[-94.891744,39.724894],[-95.00844,39.900596],[-95.784575,40.000463],[-102.051744,40.003078],[-102.051614,41.002377],[-104.039238,41.001502],[-104.048807,48.933636],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.153314,49.384358],[-94.974286,49.367738],[-94.555835,48.716207],[-93.741843,48.517347],[-92.984963,48.623731],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.698824,48.494892],[-92.341207,48.23248],[-92.066269,48.359602],[-91.542512,48.053268],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.703702,48.096009],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-90.86827,47.5569],[-92.058888,46.809938],[-91.942988,46.679939],[-90.880358,46.957661],[-90.78804,46.844886],[-90.920813,46.637432],[-90.398478,46.575832],[-88.982483,46.99883],[-88.400224,47.379551],[-87.816958,47.471998],[-87.730804,47.449112],[-88.349952,47.076377],[-88.462349,46.786711],[-88.167373,46.9588],[-87.915943,46.909508],[-87.619747,46.79821],[-87.366767,46.507303],[-86.850111,46.434114],[-86.188024,46.654008],[-84.964652,46.772845],[-84.969464,46.47629],[-84.177428,46.52692],[-84.097766,46.256512],[-84.247687,46.17989],[-83.931175,46.017871],[-83.63498,46.103953],[-83.49484,45.999541],[-84.345451,45.946569],[-84.656567,46.052654],[-84.820557,45.868293],[-85.047028,46.020603],[-85.528403,46.087121],[-85.663966,45.967013],[-86.278007,45.942057],[-86.687208,45.634253],[-86.532989,45.882665],[-86.92106,45.697868],[-87.018902,45.838886],[-88.027103,44.578992],[-87.943801,44.529693],[-87.428144,44.890738],[-87.021088,45.296541],[-87.73063,43.893862],[-87.910172,43.236634],[-87.800477,42.49192]]],[[[-88.684434,48.115785],[-88.447236,48.182916],[-89.022736,47.858532],[-89.255202,47.876102],[-88.684434,48.115785]]],[[[-86.880572,45.331467],[-86.956192,45.351179],[-86.82177,45.427602],[-86.880572,45.331467]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Iowa\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4b5e4b08c986b320515","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amon, J. P.","contributorId":58427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amon","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, C. A.","contributorId":98769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carpenter, Q. J.","contributorId":38743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Q.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miner, J.","contributorId":31946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miner","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024576,"text":"70024576 - 2002 - Delineation of faulting and basin geometry along a seismic reflection transect in urbanized San Bernardino Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024576","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delineation of faulting and basin geometry along a seismic reflection transect in urbanized San Bernardino Valley, California","docAbstract":"Fourteen kilometers of continuous, shallow seismic reflection data acquired through the urbanized San Bernardino Valley, California, have revealed numerous faults between the San Jacinto and San Andreas faults as well as a complex pattern of downdropped and uplifted blocks. These data also indicate that the Loma Linda fault continues northeastward at least 4.5 km beyond its last mapped location on the southern edge of the valley and to within at least 2 km of downtown San Bernardino. Previously undetected faults within the valley northeast of the San Jacinto fault are also imaged, including the inferred western extension of the Banning fault and several unnamed faults. The Rialto-Colton fault is interpreted southwest of the San Jacinto fault. The seismic data image the top of the crystalline basement complex across 70% of the profile length and show that the basement has an overall dip of roughly 10?? southwest between Perris Hill and the San Jacinto fault. Gravity and aeromagnetic data corroborate the interpreted location of the San Jacinto fault and better constrain the basin depth along the seismic profile to be as deep as 1.7 km. These data also corroborate other fault locations and the general dip of the basement surface. At least 1.2 km of apparent vertical displacement on the basement is observed across the San Jacinto fault at the profile location. The basin geometry delineated by these data was used to generate modeled ground motions that show peak horizontal amplifications of 2-3.5 above bedrock response in the 0.05- to 1.0-Hz frequency band, which is consistent with recorded earthquake data in the valley.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120010222","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Stephenson, W.J., Odum, J.K., Williams, R.A., and Anderson, M., 2002, Delineation of faulting and basin geometry along a seismic reflection transect in urbanized San Bernardino Valley, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 6, p. 2504-2520, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120010222.","startPage":"2504","endPage":"2520","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207908,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120010222"},{"id":233196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe69e4b0c8380cd4ed0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephenson, W. J.","contributorId":87982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Odum, J. K.","contributorId":105705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, R. A.","contributorId":82323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, M.L.","contributorId":93138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024575,"text":"70024575 - 2002 - Mercury in vegetation and soils at abandoned mercury mines in southwestern Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024575","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1758,"text":"Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury in vegetation and soils at abandoned mercury mines in southwestern Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"We chemically analysed vegetation (willow and alder) and soil samples collected at three abandoned mercury (Hg) mines and at background sites in southwestern Alaska and compared Hg concentrations, speciation and distribution. Total Hg and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations were higher in vegetation and soil samples from all the mine sites compared to samples from the background sites, but there was no correlation between total-Hg concentrations in vegetation and total-Hg concentrations in soil or between total-Hg and MeHg concentrations. However, the percent MeHg of the total Hg was higher in samples from the background sites compared to samples from the mine sites and is higher in vegetation samples than in corresponding soil samples. The percent MeHg is an order of magnitude higher in the willow samples than in corresponding alder or soil samples. The percent of divalent Hg [Hg(II)] is highest in soil samples from the retort and background areas. The higher percent MeHg in vegetation and soil in samples from background sites may be explained by the higher proportions of reactive Hg species, such as Hg(II), at these sites compared to the surface mined and tailings areas where most of the Hg is in the elemental and cinnabar (HgS) forms. Dissolved gaseous Hg species are more readily accumulated in vegetation and are more readily methylated than solid phases like HgS and liquid Hg.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1144/1467-787302-032","issn":"14677873","usgsCitation":"Bailey, E., Gray, J.E., and Theodorakos, P.M., 2002, Mercury in vegetation and soils at abandoned mercury mines in southwestern Alaska, USA: Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, v. 2, no. 3, p. 275-285, https://doi.org/10.1144/1467-787302-032.","startPage":"275","endPage":"285","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207887,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/1467-787302-032"},{"id":233163,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a541ee4b0c8380cd6cead","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, E. A.","contributorId":100399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, J. E.","contributorId":49363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Theodorakos, P. M.","contributorId":12500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theodorakos","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024574,"text":"70024574 - 2002 - Effects of tidal shallowing and deepening on phytoplankton production dynamics: A modeling study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T10:39:16","indexId":"70024574","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of tidal shallowing and deepening on phytoplankton production dynamics: A modeling study","docAbstract":"Processes influencing estuarine phytoplankton growth occur over a range of time scales, but many conceptual and numerical models of estuarine phytoplankton production dynamics neglect mechanisms occurring on the shorter (e.g., intratidal) time scales. We used a numerical model to explore the influence of short time-scale variability in phytoplankton sources and sinks on long-term growth in an idealized water column that shallows and deepens with the semidiurnal tide. Model results show that tidal fluctuations in water surface elevation can determine whether long-term phytoplankton growth is positive or negative. Hourly-scale interactions influencing weekly-scale to monthly-scale phytoplankton dynamics include intensification of the depth-averaged benthic grazing effect by water column shallowing and enhancement of water column photosynthesis when solar noon coincides with low tide. Photosynthesis and benthic consumption may modulate over biweekly time scales due to spring-neap fluctuations in tidal range and the 15-d cycle of solar noon-low tide phasing. If tidal range is a large fraction of mean water depth, then tidal shallowing and deepening may significantly influence net phytoplankton growth. In such a case, models or estimates of long-term phytoplankton production dynamics that neglect water surface fluctuations may overestimate or underestimate net growth and could even predict the wrong sign associated with net growth rate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02804885","issn":"01608347","usgsCitation":"Lucas, L., and Cloern, J., 2002, Effects of tidal shallowing and deepening on phytoplankton production dynamics: A modeling study: Estuaries, v. 25, no. 4 A, p. 497-507, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02804885.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"497","endPage":"507","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4 A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a080de4b0c8380cd51955","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucas, L.V.","contributorId":62777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"L.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024573,"text":"70024573 - 2002 - Acoustic profiles and images of the Palos Verdes margin: Implications concerning deposition from the White's Point outfall","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024573","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acoustic profiles and images of the Palos Verdes margin: Implications concerning deposition from the White's Point outfall","docAbstract":"Subbottom profiles and sidescan-sonar images collected on and around the Palos Verdes Shelf show a surficial deposit interpreted to contain effluent from the White's Point diffusers, as well as showing several geologic features that affect the deposit's distribution. The effluent-affected deposit is visible in high-resolution subbottom profiles on the shelf and the adjacent San Pedro basin slope to water depths of 170 m. It has a maximum thickness of 75 cm and was mapped acoustically over an area of 10.8 km2, which encompasses a volume of about 3.2 million m3. The deposit's basal reflector is acoustically distinct over most of the mapped area. implying that the deposit has not been extensively mixed across its base, perhaps being relatively free of reworking since its initial deposition. Nearshore, the basal reflector is weak and fades away toward land, which could result from syndepositional intermixing of coarse native sediment (particularly from the Portuguese Bend landslide) with effluent in the high-energy nearshore zone, or postdepositionally by physical (wave) or biological mixing across the interface. The geometry of the deposit implies that effluent is dispersed primarily in a northwesterly and seaward direction from the diffusers. Dispersal across the shelf break is in some places strongly affected by topography, particularly by submarine canyons. The deposit overlies stratified and unstratified Quaternary sediment, up to 30m thick, that in turn overlies the irregular erosional surface of deformed Miocene bedrock that crops out in places on the shelf and upper basin slope. The effluent-affected deposit rests on potentially unstable landslide deposits on the San Pedro basin slope. The acoustic profiles and side-scan images show evidence for active and inactive vents, probably of hot water and gas, some of which are within the boundary of the effluent-affected sediment deposit and could disrupt it if seepage occurs. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00107-8","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Hampton, M.A., Karl, H.A., and Murray, C., 2002, Acoustic profiles and images of the Palos Verdes margin: Implications concerning deposition from the White's Point outfall: Continental Shelf Research, v. 22, no. 6-7, p. 841-857, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00107-8.","startPage":"841","endPage":"857","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207886,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00107-8"},{"id":233161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"6-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e69ee4b0c8380cd47537","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hampton, M. A.","contributorId":103271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karl, Herman A.","contributorId":80649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Herman","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murray, C.J.","contributorId":84120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024572,"text":"70024572 - 2002 - Geostatistical mapping of effluent-affected sediment distribution on the Palos Verdes shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024572","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geostatistical mapping of effluent-affected sediment distribution on the Palos Verdes shelf","docAbstract":"Geostatistical techniques were used to study the spatial continuity of the thickness of effluent-affected sediment in the offshore Palos Verdes Margin area. The thickness data were measured directly from cores and indirectly from high-frequency subbottom profiles collected over the Palos Verdes Margin. Strong spatial continuity of the sediment thickness data was identified, with a maximum range of correlation in excess of 1.4 km. The spatial correlation showed a marked anisotropy, and was more than twice as continuous in the alongshore direction as in the cross-shelf direction. Sequential indicator simulation employing models fit to the thickness data variograms was used to map the distribution of the sediment, and to quantify the uncertainty in those estimates. A strong correlation between sediment thickness data and measurements of the mass of the contaminant p,p???-DDE per unit area was identified. A calibration based on the bivariate distribution of the thickness and p,p???-DDE data was applied using Markov-Bayes indicator simulation to extend the geostatistical study and map the contamination levels in the sediment. Integrating the map grids produced by the geostatistical study of the two variables indicated that 7.8 million m3 of effluent-affected sediment exist in the map area, containing approximately 61-72 Mg (metric tons) of p,p???-DDE. Most of the contaminated sediment (about 85% of the sediment and 89% of the p,p???-DDE) occurs in water depths < 100 m. The geostatistical study also indicated that the samples available for mapping are well distributed and the uncertainty of the estimates of the thickness and contamination level of the sediments is lowest in areas where the contaminated sediment is most prevalent. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00109-1","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Murray, C., Lee, H., and Hampton, M.A., 2002, Geostatistical mapping of effluent-affected sediment distribution on the Palos Verdes shelf: Continental Shelf Research, v. 22, no. 6-7, p. 881-897, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00109-1.","startPage":"881","endPage":"897","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207871,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00109-1"},{"id":233129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"6-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28b1e4b0c8380cd5a314","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, C.J.","contributorId":84120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, H.J.","contributorId":96693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hampton, M. A.","contributorId":103271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024571,"text":"70024571 - 2002 - Anadromous alewives, Alosa pseudoharengus, as prey for white perch, Morone americana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024571","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anadromous alewives, Alosa pseudoharengus, as prey for white perch, Morone americana","docAbstract":"The reintroduction of anadromous alewives, Alosa pseudoharengus, to their historic habitats in the inland waters of the United States and Canada, has prompted concerns about possible interactions with a popular sport fish, white perch, Morone americana. Both species are now widely distributed in northeastern North America. Diets of white perch in Lake George, Maine, U.S.A., where alewives were absent, were monitored and compared with those of white perch populations that were sympatric with anadromous alewives in two coastal Maine lakes, Biscay Pond and North Pond. In the presence of introduced alewives, the diet of adult white perch became almost exclusively juvenile alewives by late summer in ponds where both species were present. White perch that were sympatric with alewives were more piscivorus than were Lake George white perch, which primarily consumed Cladocera. Not only were alewives the principal prey item in the diet of white perch in Biscay and North ponds, but adult alewives were largely cannibalistic by August. Thus, success of reintroducing anadromous alewives in waters containing white perch may be negatively impacted by predation as well as cannibalism.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1021078803198","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Moring, J., and Mink, L., 2002, Anadromous alewives, Alosa pseudoharengus, as prey for white perch, Morone americana: Hydrobiologia, v. 479, p. 125-130, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021078803198.","startPage":"125","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207870,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021078803198"},{"id":233128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"479","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eab7e4b0c8380cd48a28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moring, J.R.","contributorId":29587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mink, L.H.","contributorId":18544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mink","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024570,"text":"70024570 - 2002 - Characteristics of sediment discharge in the subarctic Yukon River, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024570","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1198,"text":"Catena","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristics of sediment discharge in the subarctic Yukon River, Alaska","docAbstract":"The characteristics of sediment discharge in the Yukon River, Alaska were investigated by monitoring water discharge, water turbidity and water temperature. The river-transported sediment, 90 wt.% or more, consists of silt and clay (grain size ??? 62.5 ??m), which probably originated in the glacier-covered mountains mostly in the Alaska Range. For early June to late August 1999, we continuously measured water turbidity and temperature near the estuary and in the middle of Yukon River by using self-recording turbidimeters and temperature data loggers. The water turbidity (ppm) was converted to suspended sediment concentration (SSC; mg/l) of river water, using a relation between simultaneous turbidity and SSC at each of the two sites, and then, the suspended sediment discharge, approximately equal to water discharge times SSC, was numerically obtained every 1 or 2 h. It should be noted that the sediment discharge in the Yukon River is controlled by SSC rather than water discharge. As a result, a peak sediment discharge occurred in mid or late August by local sediment runoffs due to glacier-melt (or glacier-melt plus rainfall), while a peak water discharge was produced by snowmelt in late June or early July. Application of the \"extended Shields diagram\" indicates that almost all the river-transported sediments are under complete suspension. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Catena","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0341-8162(02)00032-2","issn":"03418162","usgsCitation":"Chikita, K., Kemnitz, R., and Kumai, R., 2002, Characteristics of sediment discharge in the subarctic Yukon River, Alaska: Catena, v. 48, no. 4, p. 235-253, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(02)00032-2.","startPage":"235","endPage":"253","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207869,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(02)00032-2"},{"id":233127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f49ee4b0c8380cd4be0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chikita, K.A.","contributorId":65257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chikita","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kemnitz, R.","contributorId":58813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemnitz","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kumai, R.","contributorId":63994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumai","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024566,"text":"70024566 - 2002 - Post-1906 stress recovery of the San Andreas fault system calculated from three-dimensional finite element analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T15:16:14.351386","indexId":"70024566","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-1906 stress recovery of the San Andreas fault system calculated from three-dimensional finite element analysis","docAbstract":"The M = 7.8 1906 San Francisco earthquake cast a stress shadow across the San Andreas fault system, inhibiting other large earthquakes for at least 75 years. The duration of the stress shadow is a key question in San Francisco Bay area seismic hazard assessment. This study presents a three-dimensional (3-D) finite element simulation of post-1906 stress recovery. The model reproduces observed geologic slip rates on major strike-slip faults and produces surface velocity vectors comparable to geodetic measurements. Fault stressing rates calculated with the finite element model are evaluated against numbers calculated using deep dislocation slip. In the finite element model, tectonic stressing is distributed throughout the crust and upper mantle, whereas tectonic stressing calculated with dislocations is focused mostly on faults. In addition, the finite element model incorporates postseismic effects such as deep afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation in the upper mantle. More distributed stressing and postseismic effects in the finite element model lead to lower calculated tectonic stressing rates and longer stress shadow durations (17–74 years compared with 7–54 years). All models considered indicate that the 1906 stress shadow was completely erased by tectonic loading no later than 1980. However, the stress shadow still affects present-day earthquake probability. Use of stressing rate parameters calculated with the finite element model yields a 7–12% reduction in 30-year probability caused by the 1906 stress shadow as compared with calculations not incorporating interactions. The aggregate interaction-based probability on selected segments (not including the ruptured San Andreas fault) is 53–70% versus the noninteraction range of 65–77%.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB001051","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., 2002, Post-1906 stress recovery of the San Andreas fault system calculated from three-dimensional finite element analysis: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. 8, p. ESE 3-1-ESE 3-13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB001051.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"ESE 3-1","endPage":"ESE 3-13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.95349121093749,\n 37.081475648860525\n ],\n [\n -121.34948730468749,\n 37.081475648860525\n ],\n [\n -121.34948730468749,\n 38.298559092254344\n ],\n [\n -122.95349121093749,\n 38.298559092254344\n ],\n [\n -122.95349121093749,\n 37.081475648860525\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e4be4b0c8380cd7a457","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, Tom 0000-0002-0582-4338","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":75009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Tom","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70024565,"text":"70024565 - 2002 - Physical and chemical effects of grain aggregates on the Palos Verdes margin, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024565","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physical and chemical effects of grain aggregates on the Palos Verdes margin, southern California","docAbstract":"Large discharges of wastewater and particulate matter from the outfalls of the Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts onto the Palos Verdes shelf since 1937 have produced an effluent-affected sediment deposit characterized by low bulk density, elevated organic matter content, and a high percentage of fine silt and clay particles relative to underlying native sands and sandy silts. Comparison of the results of grain-size analyses using a gentle wet-sieving technique that preserves certain grain aggregates to the results of standard size analyses of disaggregated particles shows that high percentages (up to 50%) of the silt and clay fractions of the effluent-affected mud are incorporated in aggregates having intermediate diameters in the fine-to-medium sand size range (63-500 ??m), Scanning electron microscope images of the aggregates show that they are predominantly oval fecal pellets or irregularly shaped fragments of pellets. Deposit-feeding polychaete worms such as Capitella sp. and Mediomastus sp., abundant in the mud-rich effluent-affected sediment on Palos Verdes shelf, are probably responsible for most of the grain aggregates through fecal pellet production. Particle settling rates and densities, and the concentrations of organic carbon and p,p???-DDE, a metabolite of the hydrophobic pesticide DDT, were determined for seven grain-size fractions in the effluent-affected sediment. Fecal pellet grain densities ranged from about 1.2 to 1.5 g/cc, and their average settling rates were reduced to the equivalent of about one phi size relative to spherical quartz grains of the same diameter. However, repackaging of fine silt and clay grains into the sand-sized fecal pellets causes an effective settling rate increase of up to 3 orders of magnitude for the smallest particles incorporated in the pellets. Moreover, organic carbon and p,p???-DDE exhibit a bimodal distribution with relatively high concentrations in the finest size fraction (0-20 ??m), as expected, and a second concentration peak associated with the sand-sized fecal pellets. The repackaging of fine-grained particles along with their adsorbed chemical compounds into relatively fast-settling pellets has important implications for the mobilization and transport of the sediment and the desorption of chemicals from grain surfaces. ?? 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00115-7","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Drake, D., Eganhouse, R., and McArthur, W., 2002, Physical and chemical effects of grain aggregates on the Palos Verdes margin, southern California: Continental Shelf Research, v. 22, no. 6-7, p. 967-986, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00115-7.","startPage":"967","endPage":"986","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207823,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00115-7"},{"id":233055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"6-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a7de4b0c8380cd78f35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, D.E.","contributorId":48150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eganhouse, R.","contributorId":30790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eganhouse","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McArthur, W.","contributorId":73782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McArthur","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024563,"text":"70024563 - 2002 - Influence of the Portuguese Bend landslide on the character of the effluent-affected sediment deposit, Palos Verdes margin, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024563","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of the Portuguese Bend landslide on the character of the effluent-affected sediment deposit, Palos Verdes margin, southern California","docAbstract":"Historic accretion of sediment on the Palos Verdes margin off Los Angeles County, CA, is dominated by two sources, effluent from Whites Point outfall and sediment eroded from the toe of Portuguese Bend landslide. In this paper, we document the recent history of sedimentation from these non-marine sources from 1937 until the late 1990s, and attempt to estimate the amount of material preserved on the shelf. Toward that end, we characterized offshore sediment by physical and geotechnical testing, using non-destructive gamma-ray whole-core logging techniques and conventional geotechnical strength tests, and X-ray diffraction. Results are reported within a geographic information system framework that allows for: (1) the evaluation of the spatial variability of the measured properties, and (2) assessment of the influence of these properties on processes affecting the effluent-affected Sediment layer. In the inner shelf, material eroded by wave action from the toe of the Portuguese Bend landslide since 1956 has contributed 5.7-9.4 million metric tons (Mmt) of sediment, from a total eroded mass of 12.1 Mmt. A lesser fraction (???2.7Mmt) of sediment is incorporated into the mid- and outer-shelf effluent-affected sediment layer. Evidence from X-ray diffractograms clearly indicates that landslide material has mixed with the mid- and outer-shelf effluent. From 1937-1987, it is estimated that 3.8 Mmt of solid anthropogenic effluent was discharged into the water column and onto the Palos Verdes Shelf.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00111-X","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Kayen, R.E., Lee, H., and Hein, J., 2002, Influence of the Portuguese Bend landslide on the character of the effluent-affected sediment deposit, Palos Verdes margin, southern California: Continental Shelf Research, v. 22, no. 6-7, p. 911-922, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00111-X.","startPage":"911","endPage":"922","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207801,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00111-X"},{"id":233019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"6-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b88e4b0c8380cd62605","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kayen, R. E.","contributorId":14424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, H.J.","contributorId":96693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024562,"text":"70024562 - 2002 - The nucleus of 19/P Borrelly as revealed by deep space 1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T14:54:33","indexId":"70024562","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The nucleus of 19/P Borrelly as revealed by deep space 1","docAbstract":"The Deep Space 1 encounter with comet 19/P Borrelly offered the first close-up view of a comet unobscured by dust. The geometric albedo of the comet is 0.029±0.006 (with a size of 8.0 × 3.15 km), comparable to the low-albedo hemisphere of Iapetus, the lowest albedo C-type asteroids, and the Uranian rings. Albedo variegations on the body are substantial, far greater than on the handful of asteroids so far scrutinized by spacecraft. The Bond albedo of Borrelly is 0.009 ± 0.002, the lowest of any object in the Solar System. The physical photometric parameters of the comet are similar to asteroids, but the optically active portion of its regolith may be fluffier. Differences in macroscopic roughness exist on its surface: the older regions appear to be slightly less rough, as if low-lying regions are infilled with native dust. Regional differences in the single particle phase function exist, with small regions exhibiting almost isotropic functions.
","largerWorkTitle":"European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP","language":"English","issn":"03796566","usgsCitation":"Buratti, B., Hicks, M., Soderblom, L., Britt, D., Boice, D., Brown, R., Nelson, R., Oberst, J., Owen, T., Sandel, B., Stern, S., Thomas, N., and Yelle, R., 2002, The nucleus of 19/P Borrelly as revealed by deep space 1, in European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP, no. 500, p. 545-547.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"545","endPage":"547","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"500","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae2ee4b08c986b323f3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buratti, B.","contributorId":51433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hicks, M.","contributorId":34563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hicks","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soderblom, L.","contributorId":106244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Britt, D.","contributorId":30001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britt","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boice, D.","contributorId":50694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boice","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, R.","contributorId":101419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nelson, R.","contributorId":57815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Oberst, J.","contributorId":103427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberst","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Owen, Tobias","contributorId":103788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Owen","given":"Tobias","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sandel, B.","contributorId":43135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandel","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Stern, S. A.","contributorId":46265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stern","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Thomas, N.","contributorId":72490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Yelle, R.","contributorId":29607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yelle","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70024561,"text":"70024561 - 2002 - The proximal part of the giant submarine Wailau landslide, Molokai, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024561","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The proximal part of the giant submarine Wailau landslide, Molokai, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The main break-in-slope on the northern submarine flank of Molokai at -1500 to -1250 m is a shoreline feature that has been only modestly modified by the Wailau landslide. Submarine canyons above the break-in-slope, including one meandering stream, were subaerially carved. Where such canyons cross the break-in-slope, plunge pools may form by erosion from bedload sediment carried down the canyons. West Molokai Volcano continued infrequent volcanic activity that formed a series of small coastal sea cliffs, now submerged, as the island subsided. Lavas exposed at the break-in-slope are subaerially erupted and emplaced tholeiitic shield lavas. Submarine rejuvenated-stage volcanic cones formed after the landslide took place and following at least 400-500 m of subsidence after the main break-in-slope had formed. The sea cliff on east Molokai is not the headwall of the landslide, nor did it form entirely by erosion. It may mark the location of a listric fault similar to the Hilina faults on present-day Kilauea Volcano. The Wailau landslide occurred about 1.5 Ma and the Kalaupapa Peninsula most likely formed 330??5 ka. Molokai is presently stable relative to sea level and has subsided no more than 30 m in the last 330 ka. At their peak, West and East Molokai stood 1.6 and 3 km above sea level. High rainfall causes high surface runoff and formation of canyons, and increases groundwater pressure that during dike intrusions may lead to flank failure. Active shield or postshield volcanism (with dikes injected along rift zones) and high rainfall appear to be two components needed to trigger the deep-seated giant Hawaiian landslides. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(01)00261-X","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Clague, D., and Moore, J., 2002, The proximal part of the giant submarine Wailau landslide, Molokai, Hawaii: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 113, no. 1-2, p. 259-287, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(01)00261-X.","startPage":"259","endPage":"287","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207778,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(01)00261-X"},{"id":232981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baedae4b08c986b3243b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clague, D.A.","contributorId":36129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, J.G.","contributorId":67496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024560,"text":"70024560 - 2002 - A budget of marine and terrigenous sediments, Hanalei Bay, Kauai, Hawaiian Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024560","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A budget of marine and terrigenous sediments, Hanalei Bay, Kauai, Hawaiian Islands","docAbstract":"The sediment budget of Hanalei Bay on the north shore of Kauai was calculated using sedimentological and geophysical methods. The calculations of the budget subsequently allowed an interpretation of the Holocene history of the bay. The bay sediments are easily separated into marine (carbonate) and terrigenous (siliciclastic) grains. Surficial sediments are dominated by carbonate grains ( ??? 70%) of coralline algae, coral, and mollusc fragments as well as foraminifera, Halimeda, bryozoa, and echinoderm tests. However, siliciclastic grains (e.g. olivine, plagioclase, volcanic lithics) from the Hanalei River watershed draining shield volcanic highlands are the most common individual grain type ( ??? 27%) and form a zone of high concentration from the mouth of the Hanalei River into the center of the bay. Flooding in the bay by the post-glacial sea-level rise began soon after 11.7 kyears. The resulting marine environment caused the net deposition of 45.5 ?? 1.5 ?? 106 m3 of sediment in the bay and approximately 33.7 ?? 11.2 ?? 106 m3 of sediment on the Hanalei coastal plain. The total volume of carbonate sediment stored in the bay and coastal plain is greater than the volume likely to have been produced exclusively within the bay during the same time. Calculations indicate that approximately 2490 m3 year-1 have been imported into the bay or coastal plain and deposited since 11,700 years ago. The majority of this sediment influx is likely delivered from the east by the strong tradewind-driven littoral currents that characterize Kauai's north shore. Net carbonate sediment deposition in Hanalei Bay peaked at a rate of 15,500 m3 year-1 between 5000 and 3000 years ago (when sea level may have been 2 m above present) diminishing to 3890 m3 year-1 from 1000 years ago to the present. This influx is likely to have played a significant role in the mid to late Holocene progradation of the Hanalei shoreline. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00268-8","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Calhoun, R., Fletcher, C.H., and Harney, J., 2002, A budget of marine and terrigenous sediments, Hanalei Bay, Kauai, Hawaiian Islands: Sedimentary Geology, v. 150, no. 1-2, p. 61-87, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00268-8.","startPage":"61","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207777,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00268-8"},{"id":232980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"150","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e332e4b0c8380cd45e94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calhoun, R.S.","contributorId":101840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calhoun","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, C. H.","contributorId":106671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harney, J.N.","contributorId":77693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harney","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024558,"text":"70024558 - 2002 - A conceptual model of the Mount Spurr magmatic system from seismic and geochemical observations of the 1992 Crater Peak eruption sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-04T10:11:19","indexId":"70024558","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A conceptual model of the Mount Spurr magmatic system from seismic and geochemical observations of the 1992 Crater Peak eruption sequence","docAbstract":"A conceptual model of the geometry and dynamics of the Mount Spurr magmatic system is developed using seismic, geochemical, and visual observations of the 1992 Crater Peak eruption sequence. The basis for this model is a new classification of all located seismic events and results from prior studies of seismology, geology, geochemistry, and geophysics of the Mount Spurr area. Significant seismic features of the 1992 eruption sequence include (1) a distinct swarm of volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes in August 1991 directly beneath the Crater Peak vent, (2) a caldera-wide increase in VT earthquakes, lasting 7 months, which preceded the 27 June eruption, (3) two shallow swarms of VT earthquakes that occurred on 5 June and 27 June, the latter immediately preceding the 27 June eruption, (4) a mix of VT, long-period (LP), and hybrid events at depths of 20-40 km, which began coincident with the onset of seismic unrest and reached a peak after eruptive activity ended, (5) a strong swarm of VT earthquakes that began as the 16-17 September eruption was ending, (6) a prominent swarm of VT earthquakes on 9-10 November at depths of 1 to 4 km beneath Crater Peak, and (7) a smaller swarm of VT earthquakes in late December 1992, which were located between 7 and 10 km depth. These seismic observations, combined with geological, geochemical, and geophysical data and observations, suggest a deep magmatic source zone for Crater Peak andesites at depths of 20-40 km, a smaller mid-crustal storage zone at about 10 km depth, and a conduit that extends to the surface. We infer that the magmas erupted in 1992 were generated at depths of 20-40 km and rose to the mid-crustal storage zone that fed all three 1992 eruptions. The 1992 eruption sequence may have terminated when additional magma solidified at shallow depths.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00445-002-0201-x","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Power, J., Jolly, A., Nye, C., and Harbin, M., 2002, A conceptual model of the Mount Spurr magmatic system from seismic and geochemical observations of the 1992 Crater Peak eruption sequence: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 64, no. 3-4, p. 206-218, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-002-0201-x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"206","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e394e4b0c8380cd460e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Power, J.","contributorId":48699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jolly, A.","contributorId":82498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolly","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nye, C.","contributorId":16198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nye","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harbin, M.","contributorId":14611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbin","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024557,"text":"70024557 - 2002 - Performance comparisons between diploid and triploid sunshine bass in fresh water ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70024557","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Performance comparisons between diploid and triploid sunshine bass in fresh water ponds","docAbstract":"Diploid and triploid sunshine bass (white bass ??? x striped bass ???) were produced in 1990 at Florida's Richloam Fish Hatchery. Triploidy was induced with hydrostatic pressure. Fry were cultured to phase I in earthen ponds in Webster and Gainesville, FL, and transported to Leetown, WV, where they were held in circular flow-through fiberglass tanks. Ploidy of treated fish was determined with a Coulter counter and triploids were segregated from diploids. In April 1991, control diploid and triploid populations were graded to remove the largest and smallest individuals, and four 0.2-ha hypalon-lined ponds were stocked with 600 fish each; two ponds contained triploids and two contained diploids. Triploids and diploids were not significantly different in average fork length (FL) or weight at stocking. Triploids averaged 231 mm and 181.2 g, compared to diploid averages of 233 mm and 188.9 g. Monthly samples indicated that diploids grew faster than triploids; mean weights and lengths were both significantly different after 3 months. When harvested in October, triploids averaged 358 mm and 867.9 g, whereas diploids averaged 381 mm and 1153.5 g. Survival of triploids and diploids was 97.0% and 95.9%, respectively. Mean standing crop was 2496.3 kg/ha for triploids and 3280.6 kg/ha for diploids. Male diploids and most female diploids were sexually mature at 2 years of age. Sterility of triploids was confirmed as gonads remained reduced and dysfunctional at 5 years of age. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00009-1","issn":"00448486","usgsCitation":"Kerby, J., Everson, J., Harrell, R., Geiger, J.G., Starling, C., and Revels, H., 2002, Performance comparisons between diploid and triploid sunshine bass in fresh water ponds: Aquaculture, v. 211, no. 1-4, p. 91-108, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00009-1.","startPage":"91","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478632,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0044-8486(02)00009-1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207735,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00009-1"},{"id":232914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"211","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7682e4b0c8380cd78153","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kerby, J.H.","contributorId":71500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerby","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Everson, J.M.","contributorId":8648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Everson","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harrell, R.M.","contributorId":32471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrell","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geiger, J. G.","contributorId":29340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geiger","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Starling, C.C.","contributorId":26855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starling","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Revels, H.","contributorId":104673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revels","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70024556,"text":"70024556 - 2002 - Sediment transport on the Palos Verdes shelf over seasonal to decadal time scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70024556","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment transport on the Palos Verdes shelf over seasonal to decadal time scales","docAbstract":"We combine direct observations, longer-term wave data, and model calculations to characterize resuspension and transport of fine-grained, effluent-affected sediment on the Palos Verdes shelf. Near-bed waves, currents, and suspended sediment concentrations were monitored during the winter of 1992-93 with a bottom tripod and current-meter mooring at a 63-m-deep site. Wave conditions that winter were moderate (??? 2 year recurrence interval), and mean current was alongshelf to the northwest; currents were not significantly correlated with wave conditions. Seven wave events during the winter (December-March) produced near-bed wave orbital velocities at the study site in excess of 14 cm s-1, the observed threshold for significant resuspension. Three of these events occurred during the bottom tripod deployment and are characterized by the highest persistent suspended sediment concentrations in the tripod record. Suspended sediment flux was alongshelf to the northwest for 5 of the 6 wave events for which current data were available; one event occurred during low southeast currents. Measured suspended sediment concentration and grain size generally agree with values that were calculated using a shelf sediment transport model with no adjustment of parameters from values determined for two muddy sites on the northern California shelf. We extend our seasonal observations to a period of almost 2 decades by applying the observed thresholds for wave-driven resuspension to near-bed wave conditions calculated from NDBC Buoy 46025 surface wave data. An average of 10 resuspension events per year, with an average duration of 1.6 days, were identified at a water depth of 60 m; the number of events dropped to 3 per year at 90 m, beyond the shelf break. For the majority of these events, calculated net suspended sediment flux is toward the northwest (alongshelf) at an average rate of 140 kg m-1 h-1; about a third of the events have net southeastward flux at an average rate of 30 kg m-1 h-1. The calculated thickness of the resuspended surface layer of the bed was less than 1 cm for all events at 60 m. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00116-9","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Wiberg, P., Drake, D., Harris, C.K., and Noble, M., 2002, Sediment transport on the Palos Verdes shelf over seasonal to decadal time scales: Continental Shelf Research, v. 22, no. 6-7, p. 987-1004, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00116-9.","startPage":"987","endPage":"1004","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207734,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00116-9"},{"id":232913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"6-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b89e6e4b08c986b316f22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiberg, P.L.","contributorId":33827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiberg","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drake, D.E.","contributorId":48150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, C. K.","contributorId":80337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noble, M.","contributorId":15340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024554,"text":"70024554 - 2002 - Patton's tracks in the Mojave Desert, USA: An ecological legacy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T16:12:58","indexId":"70024554","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":904,"text":"Arid Land Research and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patton's tracks in the Mojave Desert, USA: An ecological legacy","docAbstract":"Recovery of soil properties from World War II-era military training exercises in the Mojave Desert was measured approximately 55 years following disturbance. Tracks from military vehicles were still visible, particularly in areas of desert pavement. Soil penetrability was much lower in visible tracks than outside the tracks. Soils in tracks had fewer rocks in the top 10cm of the soil profile than adjacent untracked soils. Larger particles (> 4.8mm) formed a moderately well-developed pavement outside of the tracks, while smaller, loose particles ( h 4.8mm) dominated the surface of the tracks. The time required to restore the desert pavement is likely to be measured in centuries. Based on biomass estimates, the cyanobacterial component of biological soil crusts had recovered 46-65% in tracks, compared to outside the tracks. Overall recovery of lichen cover has been much slower. Under plant canopies, cover of Collema tenax was not significantly different between areas inside and outside the tracks; however, recovery of Catapyrenium squamulosum was only 36%. In plant interspaces with less favorable moisture and temperature conditions, C. tenax showed a 6% recovery and C. squamulosum a 3% recovery. Assuming recovery of the biological soil crust is linear, and complete only when the most sensitive species (C. squamulosum) has fully recovered in the most limiting microhabitats (plant interspaces), it may require almost two millennia for full recovery of these areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/153249802760284793","usgsCitation":"Belnap, J., and Warren, S.D., 2002, Patton's tracks in the Mojave Desert, USA: An ecological legacy: Arid Land Research and Management, v. 16, no. 3, p. 245-258, https://doi.org/10.1080/153249802760284793.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"258","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75efe4b0c8380cd77e21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warren, Steven D.","contributorId":59367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}