The discovery of large gas hydrate accumulations in terrestrial permafrost regions of the Arctic and beneath the sea along the outer continental margins of the world's oceans has heightened interest in gas hydrates as a possible energy resource. However, significant to potentially insurmountable technical issues must be resolved be fore gas hydrates can be considered a viable option for affordable supplies of natural gas.
The combined information from Arctic gas hydrate studies shows that, in permafrost regions, gas hydrates may exist at subsurface depths ranging from about 130 to 2000 m. The presence of gas hydrates in offshore continental margins has been inferred mainly from anomalous seismic reflectors, known as bottom-simulating reflectors, that have been mapped at depths below the sea floor ranging from about 100 to 1100 m. Current estimates of the amount of gas in the world's marine and permafrost gas hydrate accumulations are in rough accord at about 20,000 trillion m3.
Disagreements over fundamental issues such as the volume of gas stored within delineated gas hydrate accumulations and the concentration of gas hydrates within hydrate-bearing strata have demonstrated that we know little about gas hydrates. Recently, however, several countries, including Japan, India, and the United States, have launched ambitious national projects to further examine the resource potential of gas hydrates. These projects may help answer key questions dealing with the properties of gas hydrate reservoirs, the design of production systems, and, most important, the costs and economics of gas hydrate production.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.1306/61EEDDD2-173E-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., 2002, Energy resource potential of natural gas hydrates: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 86, no. 11, p. 1971-1992, https://doi.org/10.1306/61EEDDD2-173E-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1971","endPage":"1992","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a094ce4b0c8380cd51e6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70024154,"text":"70024154 - 2002 - Rapid loss of lampricide from catfish and rainbow trout following routine treatment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T18:00:33","indexId":"70024154","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2149,"text":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid loss of lampricide from catfish and rainbow trout following routine treatment","docAbstract":"Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were exposed to 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and Bayluscide (niclosamide) during a sea lamprey control treatment of the Ford River, located in the upper peninsula of Michigan. Caged fish were exposed to a nominal concentration of 0.02 mg/L of niclosamide for a period of approximately 12 h. Samples of fillet tissue were collected from each fish species before treatment and at 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, 96, and 192 h following the arrival of the block of chemical at the exposure site. The fish were dissected, homogenized, extracted, and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The major residues found in the fillet tissues were TFM and niclosamide. Niclosamide concentrations were highest 12 h after arrival of the chemical block for rainbow trout (0.0395 ?? 0.0251 ??g/g) and 18 h after arrival of the chemical block for channel catfish (0.0465 ?? 0.0212 ??g/g). Residues decreased rapidly after the block of lampricide had passed and were below the detection limits in fillets of rainbow trout within 24 h and channel catfish within 96 h after the arrival of the lampricide.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/jf020443h","issn":"00218561","usgsCitation":"Dawson, V.K., Schreier, T.M., Boogaard, M., Spanjers, N., and Gingerich, W., 2002, Rapid loss of lampricide from catfish and rainbow trout following routine treatment: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 50, no. 23, p. 6780-6785, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020443h.","startPage":"6780","endPage":"6785","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207003,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf020443h"}],"volume":"50","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-10-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94ece4b0c8380cd816e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, V. K.","contributorId":48900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreier, Theresa M. 0000-0001-7722-6292 tschreier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7722-6292","contributorId":3344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreier","given":"Theresa","email":"tschreier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boogaard, M.A.","contributorId":92994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boogaard","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spanjers, N.J.","contributorId":11733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spanjers","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gingerich, W.H.","contributorId":83481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70024076,"text":"70024076 - 2002 - Use of ICP/MS with ultrasonic nebulizer for routine determination of uranium activity ratios in natural water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-02T19:38:49.85095","indexId":"70024076","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of ICP/MS with ultrasonic nebulizer for routine determination of uranium activity ratios in natural water","docAbstract":"A method is described that allows precise determination of 234U/238U activity ratios (UAR) in most natural waters using commonly available inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) instrumentation and accessories. The precision achieved by this technique (±0.5% RSD, 1 sigma) is intermediate between thermal ionization mass spectrometry (±0.25% RSD, 1 sigma) and alpha particle spectrometry (±5% RSD, 1 sigma). It is precise and rapid enough to allow analysis of a large number of samples in a short period of time at low cost using standard, commercially available quadrupole instrumentation with ultrasonic nebulizer and desolvator accessories. UARs have been analyzed successfully in fresh to moderately saline waters with U concentrations of from less than 1 μg/L to nearly 100 μg/L. An example of the uses of these data is shown for a study of surface-water mixing in the North Platte River in western Nebraska. This rapid and easy technique should encourage the wider use of uranium isotopes in surface-water and groundwater investigations, both for qualitative (e.g. identifying sources of water) and quantitative (e.g. determining end-member mixing ratios purposes.
For many studies of the population dynamics, growth, and movement of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, it is necessary to resample tagged individuals multiple times. However, common sampling techniques such as electrofishing can have negative effects on fish survival and growth, especially when individuals are repeatedly sampled. We describe an alternative to electrofishing that involves sampling at night with small, one-person seines. Juvenile Atlantic salmon in a small brook were tagged with passive integrated transponder tags and sampled 15 times by means of night seining, day electrofishing, and day seining techniques. Capturing juvenile Atlantic salmon by day seining was inefficient, resulting in a capture probability estimate of 0.18. The mean capture probability estimate was 0.45 during night seining samples and 0.78 during electrofishing samples. The total number of age-0 Atlantic salmon captured via night seining increased 4.5 times after fish attained a mean fork length of just over 60 mm. A much greater number of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and brown trout Salmo trutta were captured in electrofishing samples than in night seining samples. Night seining may prove useful when electrofishing is impractical, when threatened or endangered species exist, or when multiple recaptures of individuals are desired.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022%3C0595:ANSTFS%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Gries, G., and Letcher, B., 2002, A night seining technique for sampling juvenile Atlantic salmon in streams: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 22, no. 2, p. 595-601, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022%3C0595:ANSTFS%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"595","endPage":"601","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Whately","otherGeospatial":"West Brook","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.71249771118164,\n 42.41217770289301\n ],\n [\n -72.61636734008789,\n 42.41217770289301\n ],\n [\n -72.61636734008789,\n 42.456394245096185\n ],\n [\n -72.71249771118164,\n 42.456394245096185\n ],\n [\n -72.71249771118164,\n 42.41217770289301\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6aba99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gries, G.","contributorId":64604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gries","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024280,"text":"70024280 - 2002 - Natal and breeding dispersal of northern spotted owls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024280","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3773,"text":"Wildlife Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natal and breeding dispersal of northern spotted owls","docAbstract":"We studied the dispersal behavior of 1,475 northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) during banding and radio-telemetry studies in Oregon and Washington in 1985-1996. The sample included 324 radio-marked juveniles and 1,151 banded individuals (711 juveniles, 440 non-juveniles) that were recaptured or resighted after dispersing from the initial banding location. Juveniles typically left the nest during the last week in May and the first two weeks in June (x?? ?? SE = 8 June ?? 0.53 days, n = 320, range = 15 May-1 July), and spent an average of 103.7 days in the natal territory after leaving the nest (SE = 0.986 days, n = 137, range = 76-147 days). The estimated mean date that juveniles began to disperse was 19 September in Oregon (95% CI = 17-21 September) and 30 September in Washington (95% CI = 25 September-4 October). Mean dispersal dates did not differ between males and females or among years. Siblings dispersed independently. Dispersal was typically initiated with a series of rapid movements away from the natal site during the first few days or weeks of dispersal. Thereafter, most juveniles settled into temporary home ranges in late October or November and remained there for several months. In February-April there was a second pulse of dispersal activity, with many owls moving considerable distances before settling again in their second summer. Subsequent dispersal patterns were highly variable, with some individuals settling permanently in their second summer and others occupying a series of temporary home ranges before eventually settling on territories when they were 2-5 years old. Final dispersal distances ranged from 0.6-111.2 km for banded juveniles and 1.8-103.5 km for radio-marked juveniles. The distribution of dispersal distances was strongly skewed towards shorter distances, with only 8.7% of individuals dispersing more than 50 km. Median natal dispersal distances were 14.6 km for banded males, 13.5 km for radio-marked males, 24.5 km for banded females, and 22.9 km for radio-marked females. On average, banded males and females settled within 4.2 and 7.0 territory widths of their natal sites, respectively. Maximum and final dispersal distances were largely independent of the number of days that juveniles were tracked. Although statistical tests of dispersal direction based on all owls indicated that direction of natal dispersal was non-random, the mean angular deviations and 95% CI's associated with the samples were large, and r-values (vector length) were small. This lead us to conclude that significant test results were the result of large sample size and were not biologically meaningful. Our samples were not large enough to test whether dispersal direction from individual territories was random. In the sample of radio-marked owls, 22% of males and 44% of females were paired at 1 year of age, but only 1.5% of males and 1.6% of females were actually breeding at 1 year of age. At 2 years of age, 68% of males and 77% of females were paired, but only 5.4% of males and 2.6% of females were breeding. In contrast to the radio-marked owls, most juveniles that were banded and relocated at 1 or 2 years of age were paired, although few were breeding. Although recruitment into the territorial population typically occurred when owls were 1-5 years old, 9% of banded juveniles were not recaptured until they were > 5 years old. We suspect that our estimates of age at recruitment of banded owls are biased high because of the likelihood that some individuals were not recaptured in the first year that they entered the territorial population. A minimum of 6% of the banded, non-juvenile owls on our demographic study areas changed territories each year (breeding dispersal). The likelihood of breeding dispersal was higher for females, young owls, owls that did not have a mate in the previous year, and owls that lost their mate from the previous year through death or divorce. Mean and median distances dispersed by adults were ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Monographs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00840173","usgsCitation":"Forsman, E., Anthony, R., Reid, J., Loschl, P., Sovern, S., Taylor, M., Biswell, B., Ellingson, A., Meslow, E.C., Miller, G., Swindle, K., Thrailkill, J., Wagner, F., and Seaman, D., 2002, Natal and breeding dispersal of northern spotted owls: Wildlife Monographs, no. 149, p. 1-35.","startPage":"1","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"149","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6186e4b0c8380cd719fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forsman, E.D.","contributorId":88324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forsman","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anthony, R.G.","contributorId":107641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reid, J.A.","contributorId":90907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loschl, P.J.","contributorId":96045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loschl","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sovern, S.G.","contributorId":21725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sovern","given":"S.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Taylor, M.","contributorId":97872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Biswell, B.L.","contributorId":34291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biswell","given":"B.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ellingson, A.","contributorId":73371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellingson","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Meslow, E. Charles","contributorId":75100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meslow","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Miller, G.S.","contributorId":54762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Swindle, K.A.","contributorId":56414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swindle","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Thrailkill, J.A.","contributorId":68067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thrailkill","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Wagner, F.F.","contributorId":64840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"F.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Seaman, D.E.","contributorId":102845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seaman","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70024056,"text":"70024056 - 2002 - Conceptual uncertainty in crystalline bedrock: Is simple evaluation the only practical approach?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70024056","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":649,"text":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conceptual uncertainty in crystalline bedrock: Is simple evaluation the only practical approach?","docAbstract":"A simple evaluation can be used to characterise the capacity of crystalline bedrock to act as a barrier to releases of radionuclides from a nuclear waste repository. Physically plausible bounds on groundwater flow and an effective transport-resistance parameter are estimated based on fundamental principles and idealised models of pore geometry. Application to an intensively characterised site in Sweden shows that, due to high spatial variability and uncertainty regarding properties of transport paths, the uncertainty associated with the geological barrier is too high to allow meaningful discrimination between good and poor performance. Application of more complex (stochastic-continuum and discrete-fracture-network) models does not yield a significant improvement in the resolution of geologic-barrier performance. Comparison with seven other less intensively characterised crystalline study sites in Sweden leads to similar results, raising a question as to what extent the geological barrier function can be characterised by state-of-the art site investigation methods prior to repository construction. A simple evaluation provides a simple and robust practical approach for inclusion in performance assessment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Czech","issn":"00017132","usgsCitation":"Geier, J., Voss, C., and Dverstorp, B., 2002, Conceptual uncertainty in crystalline bedrock: Is simple evaluation the only practical approach?: Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica, v. 46, no. 2-3, p. 544-548.","startPage":"544","endPage":"548","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9abe4b0c8380cd4d706","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geier, J.","contributorId":33488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geier","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voss, C.I.","contributorId":79515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dverstorp, B.","contributorId":82490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dverstorp","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023943,"text":"70023943 - 2002 - Discharge Measurements in Shallow Urban Streams Using a Hydroacoustic Current Meter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023943","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Discharge Measurements in Shallow Urban Streams Using a Hydroacoustic Current Meter","docAbstract":"Hydroacoustic current-meter measurements were evaluated in small urban streams under a range of stages, velocities, and channel-bottom materials. Because flow in urban streams is often shallow, conventional mechanical current-meter measurements are difficult or impossible to make. The rotating-cup Price pygmy meter that is widely used by the U.S. Geological Survey and other agencies should not be used in depths below 0.20 ft and velocities less than 0.30 ft/s. The hydroacoustic device provides measurements at depths as shallow as 0.10 ft and velocities as low as 0.10 ft/s or less. Measurements using the hydroacoustic current meter were compared to conventional discharge measurements. Comparisons with Price-meter measurements were favorable within the range of flows for which the meters are rated. Based on laboratory and field tests, velocity measurements with the hydroacoustic cannot be validated below about 0.07 ft/s. However, the hydroacoustic meter provides valuable information on direction and magnitude of flow even at lower velocities, which otherwise could not be measured with conventional measurements.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods 2002","conferenceDate":"28 July 2002 through 1 August 2002","conferenceLocation":"Estes Park, CO","language":"English","isbn":"0784406553","usgsCitation":"Fisher, G.T., and Morlock, S.E., 2002, Discharge Measurements in Shallow Urban Streams Using a Hydroacoustic Current Meter, in Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods, Estes Park, CO, 28 July 2002 through 1 August 2002, p. 888-894.","startPage":"888","endPage":"894","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01c8e4b0c8380cd4fd61","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.","contributorId":128321,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.","id":536523,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, G. T.","contributorId":49359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morlock, S. E.","contributorId":31437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morlock","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024545,"text":"70024545 - 2002 - A new mathematical solution for predicting char activation reactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70024545","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1182,"text":"Carbon","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new mathematical solution for predicting char activation reactions","docAbstract":"The differential conservation equations that describe typical gas-solid reactions, such as activation of coal chars, yield a set of coupled second-order partial differential equations. The solution of these coupled equations by exact analytical methods is impossible. In addition, an approximate or exact solution only provides predictions for either reaction- or diffusion-controlling cases. A new mathematical solution, the quantize method (QM), was applied to predict the gasification rates of coal char when both chemical reaction and diffusion through the porous char are present. Carbon conversion rates predicted by the QM were in closer agreement with the experimental data than those predicted by the random pore model and the simple particle model. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Carbon","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0008-6223(01)00265-2","issn":"00086223","usgsCitation":"Rafsanjani, H., Jamshidi, E., and Rostam-Abadi, M., 2002, A new mathematical solution for predicting char activation reactions: Carbon, v. 40, no. 8, p. 1167-1171, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(01)00265-2.","startPage":"1167","endPage":"1171","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207944,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(01)00265-2"}],"volume":"40","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4a6e4b0c8380cd467e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rafsanjani, H.H.","contributorId":98505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rafsanjani","given":"H.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jamshidi, E.","contributorId":65258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jamshidi","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rostam-Abadi, M.","contributorId":37061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostam-Abadi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023941,"text":"70023941 - 2002 - True metabolizable energy of moist-soil seeds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023941","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"True metabolizable energy of moist-soil seeds","docAbstract":"Habitat objectives for migrating and wintering waterfowl are often established by converting population energy demands into an equivalent measure of foraging habitat. In some areas, seeds produced from moist-soil plants provide a significant proportion of the energy available to waterfowl. To accurately establish habitat objectives for migrating and wintering waterfowl, managers must estimate seed production from moist-soil plants and have information on metabolizable energy (ME) of moist-soil seeds. Although methods for estimating seed production have been developed, ME has been determined for few natural seeds. We determined true metabolizable energy (TME) of 10 moist-soil seeds commonly consumed by wintering and migrating ducks. TME estimates were similar (P>0.05) for hairy crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis; 3.09 kcal/g), little hairy crabgrass (D. ischaemum; 3.10 kcal/g), pigweed (Amaranthus spp.; 2.97 kcal/g), yellow foxtail (Setaria lutescens; 2.88 kcal/g), fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum; 2.75 kcal/g), curly dock (Rumex crispus; 2.68 kcal/g), and wild millet (Echinochloa crusgalli; 2.61 kcal/g), but less (P<0.05) for beakrush (Rynchospora corniculata; 1.86 kcal/g), paspalum (Paspalum laeve; 1.57 kcal/g), and nodding or curltop ladysthumb smartweed (Polygonum lapathifolium; 1.52 kcal/g). TME values determined for moist-soil seeds in this study will allow managers to accurately estimate carrying capacity of waterfowl habitats.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Checkett, J., Drobney, R., Petrie, M., and Graber, D., 2002, True metabolizable energy of moist-soil seeds: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 30, no. 4, p. 1113-1119.","startPage":"1113","endPage":"1119","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231899,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb8a0e4b08c986b32798b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Checkett, J.M.","contributorId":84940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Checkett","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drobney, R.D.","contributorId":26827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drobney","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petrie, M.J.","contributorId":57238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrie","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graber, D.A.","contributorId":66873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graber","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024337,"text":"70024337 - 2002 - Fault structure and mechanics of the Hayward Fault, California from double-difference earthquake locations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T15:41:29.284363","indexId":"70024337","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault structure and mechanics of the Hayward Fault, California from double-difference earthquake locations","docAbstract":"The relationship between small-magnitude seismicity and large-scale crustal faulting along the Hayward Fault, California, is investigated using a double-difference (DD) earthquake location algorithm. We used the DD method to determine high-resolution hypocenter locations of the seismicity that occurred between 1967 and 1998. The DD technique incorporates catalog travel time data and relative P and S wave arrival time measurements from waveform cross correlation to solve for the hypocentral separation between events. The relocated seismicity reveals a narrow, near-vertical fault zone at most locations. This zone follows the Hayward Fault along its northern half and then diverges from it to the east near San Leandro, forming the Mission trend. The relocated seismicity is consistent with the idea that slip from the Calaveras Fault is transferred over the Mission trend onto the northern Hayward Fault. The Mission trend is not clearly associated with any mapped active fault as it continues to the south and joins the Calaveras Fault at Calaveras Reservoir. In some locations, discrete structures adjacent to the main trace are seen, features that were previously hidden in the uncertainty of the network locations. The fine structure of the seismicity suggests that the fault surface on the northern Hayward Fault is curved or that the events occur on several substructures. Near San Leandro, where the more westerly striking trend of the Mission seismicity intersects with the surface trace of the (aseismic) southern Hayward Fault, the seismicity remains diffuse after relocation, with strong variation in focal mechanisms between adjacent events indicating a highly fractured zone of deformation. The seismicity is highly organized in space, especially on the northern Hayward Fault, where it forms horizontal, slip-parallel streaks of hypocenters of only a few tens of meters width, bounded by areas almost absent of seismic activity. During the interval from 1984 to 1998, when digital waveforms are available, we find that fewer than 6.5% of the earthquakes can be classified as repeating earthquakes, events that rupture the same fault patch more than one time. These most commonly are located in the shallow creeping part of the fault, or within the streaks at greater depth. The slow repeat rate of 2–3 times within the 15-year observation period for events with magnitudes around M = 1.5 is indicative of a low slip rate or a high stress drop. The absence of microearthquakes over large, contiguous areas of the northern Hayward Fault plane in the depth interval from ∼5 to 10 km and the concentrations of seismicity at these depths suggest that the aseismic regions are either locked or retarded and are storing strain energy for release in future large-magnitude earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JB000084","usgsCitation":"Waldhause, F., and Ellsworth, W.L., 2002, Fault structure and mechanics of the Hayward Fault, California from double-difference earthquake locations: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B3, p. ESE 3-1-ESE 3-15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB000084.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"ESE 3-1","endPage":"ESE 3-15","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478719,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d8xd0zr0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Hayward Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.56372070312499,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -121.06933593749999,\n 37.23032838760387\n ],\n [\n -122.3876953125,\n 38.8824811975508\n ],\n [\n -122.70629882812499,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -121.56372070312499,\n 36.98500309285596\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f1ce4b0c8380cd5378d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waldhause, Felix","contributorId":50822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldhause","given":"Felix","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023940,"text":"70023940 - 2002 - Ring-necked Pheasant parasitism of Lesser Prairie-Chicken nests in Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-18T15:41:46.097216","indexId":"70023940","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ring-necked Pheasant parasitism of Lesser Prairie-Chicken nests in Kansas","docAbstract":"We report observations of Ring-necked Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) parasitizing Lesser Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) nests in native sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia) rangeland in southwestern Kansas. We found low incidence of interspecific nest parasitism as only 3 of 75 prairie-chicken nests were parasitized. Two of the three parasitized clutches hatched, but no Ring-necked Pheasant chicks were known to have survived.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0522:RNPPOL]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hagen, C., Jamison, B.E., Robel, R.J., and Applegate, R.D., 2002, Ring-necked Pheasant parasitism of Lesser Prairie-Chicken nests in Kansas: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 114, no. 4, p. 522-524, https://doi.org/10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0522:RNPPOL]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"522","endPage":"524","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Finney County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.00744247436523,\n 37.85\n ],\n [\n -100.97585678100586,\n 37.85\n ],\n [\n -100.97585678100586,\n 37.87\n ],\n [\n -101.00744247436523,\n 37.87\n ],\n [\n -101.00744247436523,\n 37.85\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"114","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad6ce4b0c8380cd86ed6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagen, Christian A.","contributorId":279696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hagen","given":"Christian A.","affiliations":[{"id":25426,"text":"OSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":399422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jamison, Brent E.","contributorId":149791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jamison","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robel, Robert J.","contributorId":272072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robel","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Applegate, Roger D.","contributorId":64579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Applegate","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023939,"text":"70023939 - 2002 - Long lead statistical forecasts of area burned in western U.S. wildfires by ecosystem province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023939","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Long lead statistical forecasts of area burned in western U.S. wildfires by ecosystem province","docAbstract":"A statistical forecast methodology exploits large-scale patterns in monthly U.S. Climatological Division Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) values over a wide region and several seasons to predict area burned in western U.S. wildfires by ecosystem province a season in advance. The forecast model, which is based on canonical correlations, indicates that a few characteristic patterns determine predicted wildfire season area burned. Strong negative associations between anomalous soil moisture (inferred from PDSI) immediately prior to the fire season and area burned dominate in most higher elevation forested provinces, while strong positive associations between anomalous soil moisture a year prior to the fire season and area burned dominate in desert and shrub and grassland provinces. In much of the western U.S., above- and below-normal fire season forecasts were successful 57% of the time or better, as compared with a 33% skill for a random guess, and with a low probability of being surprised by a fire season at the opposite extreme of that forecast.","largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","language":"English","issn":"10498001","usgsCitation":"Westerling, A., Gershunov, A., Cayan, D., and Barnett, T., 2002, Long lead statistical forecasts of area burned in western U.S. wildfires by ecosystem province, in International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 11, no. 3-4, p. 257-266.","startPage":"257","endPage":"266","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4963e4b0c8380cd6857d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westerling, A.L.","contributorId":49562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westerling","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gershunov, A.","contributorId":6222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gershunov","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":399417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnett, T.P.","contributorId":54763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024233,"text":"70024233 - 2002 - Fish assemblages and environmental variables associated with hard-rock mining in the Coeur d'Alene River basin, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-30T10:20:14","indexId":"70024233","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish assemblages and environmental variables associated with hard-rock mining in the Coeur d'Alene River basin, Idaho","docAbstract":"As part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program, fish assemblages, environmental variables, and associated mine densities were evaluated at 18 test and reference sites during the summer of 2000 in the Coeur d'Alene and St. Regis river basins in Idaho and Montana. Multimetric and multivariate analyses were used to examine patterns in fish assemblages and the associated environmental variables representing a gradient of mining intensity. The concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in water and streambed sediment found at test sites in watersheds where production mine densities were at least 0.2 mines/km2 (in a 500-m stream buffer) were significantly higher than the concentrations found at reference sites. Many of these metal concentrations exceeded Ambient Water Quality Criteria (AWQC) and the Canadian Probable Effect Level guidelines for streambed sediment. Regression analysis identified significant relationships between the production mine densities and the sum of Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations in water and streambed sediment (r2 = 0.69 and 0.66, respectively; P < 0.01). Zinc was identified as the primary metal contaminant in both water and streambed sediment. Eighteen fish species in the families Salmonidae, Cottidae, Cyprinidae, Catostomidae, Centrarchidae, and Ictaluridae were collected. Principal components analysis of 11 fish metrics identified two distinct groups of sites corresponding to the reference and test sites, predominantly on the basis of the inverse relationship between percent cottids and percent salmonids (r = -0.64; P < 0.05). Streams located downstream from the areas of intensive hard-rock mining in the Coeur d'Alene River basin contained fewer native fish and lower abundances as a result of metal enrichment, not physical habitat degradation. Typically, salmonids were the predominant species at test sites where Zn concentrations exceeded the acute AWQC. Cottids were absent at these sites, which suggests that they are more severely affected by elevated metals than are salmonids.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0865:FAAEVA>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Maret, T.R., and MacCoy, D.E., 2002, Fish assemblages and environmental variables associated with hard-rock mining in the Coeur d'Alene River basin, Idaho: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 131, no. 5, p. 865-884, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0865:FAAEVA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"865","endPage":"884","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207059,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0865:FAAEVA>2.0.CO;2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Coeur D'alene River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.0,47.0 ], [ -117.0,48.0 ], [ -114.0,48.0 ], [ -114.0,47.0 ], [ -117.0,47.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"131","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a107de4b0c8380cd53cc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maret, Terry R. trmaret@usgs.gov","contributorId":953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maret","given":"Terry","email":"trmaret@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacCoy, Dorene E. 0000-0001-6810-4728 demaccoy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6810-4728","contributorId":948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCoy","given":"Dorene","email":"demaccoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024128,"text":"70024128 - 2002 - Anaerobic oxidation of arsenite in Mono Lake water and by a facultative, arsenite-oxidizing chemoautotroph, strain MLHE-1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T14:56:21","indexId":"70024128","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anaerobic oxidation of arsenite in Mono Lake water and by a facultative, arsenite-oxidizing chemoautotroph, strain MLHE-1","docAbstract":"Arsenite [As(III)]-enriched anoxic bottom water from Mono Lake, California, produced arsenate [As(V)] during incubation with either nitrate or nitrite. No such oxidation occurred in killed controls or in live samples incubated without added nitrate or nitrite. A small amount of biological As(III) oxidation was observed in samples amended with Fe(III) chelated with nitrolotriacetic acid, although some chemical oxidation was also evident in killed controls. A pure culture, strain MLHE-1, that was capable of growth with As(III) as its electron donor and nitrate as its electron acceptor was isolated in a defined mineral salts medium. Cells were also able to grow in nitrate-mineral salts medium by using H2 or sulfide as their electron donor in lieu of As(III). Arsenite-grown cells demonstrated dark 14CO2 fixation, and PCR was used to indicate the presence of a gene encoding ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. Strain MLHE-1 is a facultative chemoautotroph, able to grow with these inorganic electron donors and nitrate as its electron acceptor, but heterotrophic growth on acetate was also observed under both aerobic and anaerobic (nitrate) conditions. Phylogenetic analysis of its 16S ribosomal DNA sequence placed strain MLHE-1 within the haloalkaliphilic Ectothiorhodospira of the γ-Proteobacteria. Arsenite oxidation has never been reported for any members of this subgroup of the Proteobacteria.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of sediments from the Grand Calumet River and Indiana Harbor Canal located in northwestern Indiana, USA. Toxicity tests used in this assessment included 10-day sediment exposures with the amphipod Hyalella azteca, 31-day sediment exposures with the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus, and the Microtox® Solid-Phase Sediment Toxicity Test. A total of 30 sampling stations were selected in locations that had limited historic matching toxicity and chemistry data. Toxic effects on amphipod survival were observed in 60% of the samples from the assessment area. Results of a toxicity test with oligochaetes indicated that sediments from the assessment area were too toxic to be used in proposed bioaccumulation testing. Measurement of amphipod length after the 10-day exposures did not provide useful information beyond that provided by the survival endpoint. Seven of the 15 samples that were identified as toxic in the amphipod tests were not identified as toxic in the Microtox test, indicating that the 10-day H. azteca test was more sensitive than the Microtox test. Samples that were toxic tended to have the highest concentrations of metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The toxic samples often had an excess of simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) relative to acid volatile sulfide (AVS) and had multiple exceedances of probable effect concentrations (PECs). Metals may have contributed to the toxicity of samples that had both an excess molar concentration of SEM relative to AVS and elevated concentrations of metals in pore water. However, of the samples that had an excess of SEM relative to AVS, only 38% of these samples had elevated concentration of metals in pore water. The lack of correspondence between SEM-AVS and pore water metals indicates that there are variables in addition to AVS controlling the concentrations of metals in pore water. A mean PEC quotient of 3.4 (based on concentrations of metals, PAHs, and PCBs) was exceeded in 33% of the sediment samples and a mean quotient of 0.63 was exceeded in 70% of the thirty sediment samples from the assessment area. A 50% incidence of toxicity has been previously reported in a database for sediment tests with H. azteca at a mean quotient of 3.4 in 10-day exposures and at a mean quotient of 0.63 in 28-day exposures. Among the Indiana Harbor samples, most of the samples with a mean PEC quotient above 0.63 (i.e., 15 of 21; 71%) and above 3.4 (i.e., 10 of 10; 100%) were toxic to amphipods. Results of this study and previous studies demonstrate that sediments from this assessment area are among the most contaminated and toxic that have ever been reported.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s00244-001-0051-0","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Ingersoll, C., MacDonald, D., Brumbaugh, W.G., Johnson, B., Kemble, N., Kunz, J., May, T., Wang, N., Smith, J., Sparks, D.W., and Ireland, D., 2002, Toxicity assessment of sediments from the Grand Calumet River and Indiana Harbor Canal in northwestern Indiana, USA: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 43, no. 2, p. 156-167, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-001-0051-0.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"156","endPage":"167","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207015,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-001-0051-0"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Grand Calumet River, Indiana Harbor Canal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.52395629882812,\n 41.55381099217959\n ],\n [\n -87.52395629882812,\n 41.74416427530836\n ],\n [\n -87.2314453125,\n 41.74416427530836\n ],\n [\n -87.2314453125,\n 41.55381099217959\n ],\n [\n -87.52395629882812,\n 41.55381099217959\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-10-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5d6e4b08c986b32691a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacDonald, D.D.","contributorId":41986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacDonald","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":106441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":401253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, B. Thomas","contributorId":105101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"B. Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kemble, N.E.","contributorId":28028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemble","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kunz, J.L.","contributorId":7872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunz","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wang, N.","contributorId":81615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Smith, J.R.","contributorId":43942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sparks, D. W.","contributorId":99926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparks","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Ireland, D.S.","contributorId":98497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ireland","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70023884,"text":"70023884 - 2002 - Carboniferous Psammichnites: Systematic re-evaluation, taphonomy and autecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-06T15:56:01","indexId":"70023884","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1965,"text":"Ichnos: An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces","onlineIssn":"1563-5236","printIssn":"1042-0940","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Carboniferous Psammichnites: Systematic re-evaluation, taphonomy and autecology","title":"Carboniferous Psammichnites: Systematic re-evaluation, taphonomy and autecology","docAbstract":"The ichnogenus Psammichnites Torell 1870 includes a wide variety of predominantly horizontal, sinuous to looped, backfilled traces, characterized by a distinctive median dorsal structure. Though commonly preserved in full relief on upper bedding surfaces, some ichnospecies of Psammichnites may be preserved in negative hyporelief. Psammichnites records the feeding activities of a subsurface animal using a siphon-like device. Several ichnogenera reflect this general behavioral pattern, including Plagiogmus Roedel 1929 and the Carboniferous ichnogenera Olivellites Fenton and Fenton 1937a and Aulichnites Fenton and Fenton 1937b. Based on analysis of specimens from the United States, Spain, and the United Kingdom, three Carboniferous ichnospecies of Psammichnites are reviewed in this paper: P. plummeri (Fenton and Fenton, 1937a), P. grumula(Romano and Meléndez 1979), and P. implexus (Rindsberg 1994). Psammichnites plummeri is the most common Carboniferous ichnospecies and is characterized by a relatively straight, continuous dorsal ridge/groove, fine transverse ridges, larger size range, and non-looping geometric pattern. It represents a grazing trace of deposit feeders. Psammichnites grumula differs from the other ichnospecies of Psammichnitesby having median dorsal holes or protruding mounds. The presence of mounds or holes in P. grumulasuggests a siphon that was regularly connected to the sediment-water interface. This ichnospecies is interpreted as produced by a deposit feeder using the siphon for respiration or as a device for a chemosymbiotic strategy. Psammichnites implexus is characterized by its consistently smaller size range, subtle backfill structure, and tendency to scribble. Although displaying similarities with Dictyodora scotica, P. implexus is a very shallow-tier, grazing trace. Changes in behavioral pattern, preservational style, and bedform morphology suggest a complex interplay of ecological and taphonomic controls in Carboniferous tidal-flat Psammichnites. A first distributional pattern consists of guided meandering specimens preserved in ripple troughs, probably reflecting food-searching of buried organic matter concentrated in troughs. A second is recorded by concentration of Psammichnites on ripple crests and slopes. In some cases, the course is almost straight to slightly sinuous and closely follows topographic highs, suggesting a direct control of bedform morphology on trace pattern. Occurrences of Carboniferous Psammichnites most likely represent an opportunistic strategy in marginal-marine settings. Analysis of Carboniferous Psammichnites indicates the presence of a siphon-like device in the producer and reestablishes the possibility of a molluscan tracemaker.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10420940190034175","usgsCitation":"Mángano, M., and Rindsberg, A.K., 2002, Carboniferous Psammichnites: Systematic re-evaluation, taphonomy and autecology: Ichnos: An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces, v. 9, no. 1-2, p. 1-22, https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940190034175.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f372e4b0c8380cd4b80e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mángano, M. Gabriela","contributorId":57619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mángano","given":"M. Gabriela","affiliations":[{"id":35641,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":399184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rindsberg, Andrew K.","contributorId":16612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rindsberg","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023925,"text":"70023925 - 2002 - Deep space 1 mission and observation of comet Borrellly","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:18","indexId":"70023925","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Deep space 1 mission and observation of comet Borrellly","docAbstract":"The NASA's new millennium program (NMP) focuses on testing high-risk, advanced technologies in space with low-cost flights. The objective of the NMP technology validation missions is to enable future science missions. The NMP missions are technology-driven, with the principal requirements coming from the needs of the advanced technologies that form the 'payload'.","largerWorkTitle":"Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems","conferenceTitle":"2002 45th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems","conferenceDate":"4 August 2002 through 7 August 2002","conferenceLocation":"Tulsa, OK","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Lee, M., Weidner, R., and Soderblom, L., 2002, Deep space 1 mission and observation of comet Borrellly, in Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, v. 2, Tulsa, OK, 4 August 2002 through 7 August 2002.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe2ae4b0c8380cd4eb6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, M.","contributorId":32484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weidner, R.J.","contributorId":8255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidner","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024000,"text":"70024000 - 2002 - In memorium: Willem Aaldert van den Bold","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70024000","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2735,"text":"Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In memorium: Willem Aaldert van den Bold","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Micropaleontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/48.3.300","issn":"00262803","usgsCitation":"McLaughlin, P., Sen Gupta, B.K., and Krutak, P., 2002, In memorium: Willem Aaldert van den Bold: Micropaleontology, v. 48, no. 3, p. 300-302, https://doi.org/10.2113/48.3.300.","startPage":"300","endPage":"302","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207020,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/48.3.300"},{"id":231557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a398ee4b0c8380cd61970","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLaughlin, P.P.","contributorId":45865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"P.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sen Gupta, B. K.","contributorId":87715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sen Gupta","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krutak, P.R.","contributorId":108278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krutak","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023826,"text":"70023826 - 2002 - Routine low-level monitoring of polar pesticides and pesticide degradates by HPLC/ESI-MS: Evaluating long-term performance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023826","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Routine low-level monitoring of polar pesticides and pesticide degradates by HPLC/ESI-MS: Evaluating long-term performance","docAbstract":"The sensitivity and selective determination of polar pesticides were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS). The effects of multiple operators and instruments on method performance were evaluated using 440 pairs of fortified reagent-water and blank reagent-water samples. The influence of varying environmental matrices on recovery and precision were also analyzed using 200 fortified ambient water samples and duplicate ambient water samples. The results show that compound stability in filtered water was matrix-, chemical class- and compound-dependent which ranged from 1 day to 2 weeks.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings 50th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrmetry and Allied Topics","conferenceTitle":"Porceedings - 50th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics","conferenceDate":"2 June 2002 through 6 June 2002","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Furlong, E., Martin, J., Werner, S., and Gates, P.M., 2002, Routine low-level monitoring of polar pesticides and pesticide degradates by HPLC/ESI-MS: Evaluating long-term performance, in Proceedings 50th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrmetry and Allied Topics, Orlando, FL, 2 June 2002 through 6 June 2002, p. 651-652.","startPage":"651","endPage":"652","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaeade4b0c8380cd8716f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furlong, E. T. 0000-0002-7305-4603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":98346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Jeffrey D.","contributorId":40609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jeffrey D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Werner, S.L.","contributorId":82734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gates, Paul M.","contributorId":31411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023831,"text":"70023831 - 2002 - McCauley Sinks: A compound breccia pipe in evaporite karst, Holbrook Basin, Arizona, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023831","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1184,"text":"Carbonates and Evaporites","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"McCauley Sinks: A compound breccia pipe in evaporite karst, Holbrook Basin, Arizona, U.S.A","docAbstract":"The McCauley Sinks, in the Holbrook basin of northeastern Arizona, are comprised of some 50 individual sinkholes within a 3-km-wide depression. The sinks are grouped in a semi-concentric pattern of three nested rings. The outer ring is an apparent tension zone containing ring fractures. The two inner rings are semi-circular chains of large sinkholes, ranging up to 100 m across and 50 m deep. Several sub-basins within the larger depression show local downwarping and possible incipient sinkholes. Permian Kaibab Formation limestone is the principal surface lithology; the limestone here is less than 15 m thick and is near its easternmost limit. Although surface rillenkarren are present, and the sinks are seen in the Kaibab limestone outcrops, the Kaibab is mainly a passive rock unit that has collapsed into solution cavities developed in underlying salt beds. Beneath the Kaibab is Coconino Sandstone, which overlies the Permian Schnebly Hill Formation, the unit containing the evaporite rocks-principally halite in the Corduroy Member. Evaporite karst in this part of the Holbrook basin is quite different from the eastern part, probably because of the westward disappearance of the Holbrook anticline, a structure that has major joint systems that help channel water down to the salt beds farther to the east. Also, the McCauley Sinks are near the western limits of the evaporites. The structure at McCauley Sinks suggests a compound breccia pipe, with multiple sinks contributing to the inward-dipping major depression. The Richards Lake depression, 5 km southeast of McCauley Sinks, is similar in form and size but contains only a single, central sinkhole. An apparent difference in hydrogeology at McCauley Sinks is their proximity to the adjacent, deeply incised, Chevelon Canyon drainage, but the hydrologic connections are unknown. The 3-km-wide McCauley Sinks karst depression, along with five other nearby depressions, provide substantial hydrologic catchment. Because of widespread piping into karst features and jointed bedrock at shallow depth, runoff water does not pond easily at the surface. There appears to be a greater recharge efficiency here than in alluvial areas; thus concern exists for groundwater users downgradient from the karst area. Accordingly, sinkholes and open fissures should not be used for waste disposal.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Carbonates and Evaporites","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08912556","usgsCitation":"Neal, J., and Johnson, K., 2002, McCauley Sinks: A compound breccia pipe in evaporite karst, Holbrook Basin, Arizona, U.S.A: Carbonates and Evaporites, v. 17, no. 2, p. 98-106.","startPage":"98","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a52aee4b0c8380cd6c5d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neal, J.T.","contributorId":39550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, K.S.","contributorId":24385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024564,"text":"70024564 - 2002 - Heavy mineral provinces of the Palos Verdes margin, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024564","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heavy mineral provinces of the Palos Verdes margin, southern California","docAbstract":"Natural sources of sediment for the Palos Verdes margin, southern California, have been augmented by effluent discharged from Los Angeles County Sanitation District's sewage-treatment facility and by the reactivation of the Portuguese Bend landslide. Heavy minerals in very fine and fine sand (63-250 ??m) from beach and shelf sites off the Palos Verdes Peninsula distinguish effluent-affected sediment from unaffected deposits, and track the sediment contributed by the Portuguese Bend landslide. Heavy minerals also identify heterogeneous sediment sources for the nearshore zone and relate outer-shelf sediment to depositional cells north and south of the area.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00110-8","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Wong, F.L., 2002, Heavy mineral provinces of the Palos Verdes margin, southern California: Continental Shelf Research, v. 22, no. 6-7, p. 899-910, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00110-8.","startPage":"899","endPage":"910","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207802,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00110-8"},{"id":233020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"6-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3019e4b0c8380cd5d38b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, F. L.","contributorId":87515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70023832,"text":"70023832 - 2002 - Raw materials and technology fuel U.S. economic growth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023832","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Raw materials and technology fuel U.S. economic growth","docAbstract":"In 1900, the average U.S. citizen's average life span was 47 years. He traveled about 1,900 km (1,200 miles) in a lifetime and resided in a home with an icebox for food storage and oil or gas for lighting. He communicated by mail, telegraph and crude telephones with limited availability and range. By 2000, the average citizen's life span was 77 years. He traveled an average of 19,000 km/a (12,000 miles/ year) by automobile alone. He resided in a home with many electrical appliances, including refrigerators and electric lights. And the communicated almost instantaneously with any other part of the globe by several widely available means, including portable phones and e-mail. Technology, the application of knowledge about the Earth's materials, their extraction and fabrication into products, helped create this change. Throughout the 20th century, the United States was a leader in technology. Automobiles, refrigerators, electric lighting, telephones and personal computers are only a few examples of the products invented and improved or further developed by American technology (National Academy of Engineering, 2000).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00265187","usgsCitation":"Kelly, T., 2002, Raw materials and technology fuel U.S. economic growth: Mining Engineering, v. 54, no. 12, p. 17-21.","startPage":"17","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9557e4b0c8380cd81962","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, T.D.","contributorId":34297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}