Throughout the world, riparian habitats have been dramatically modified from their natural condition. Dams are one of the principal causes of these changes, because of their alteration of water and sediment regimes (Nilsson and Berggren 2000). Because of the array of ecological goods and services provided by natural riparian ecosystems (Naiman and Decamps 1997), their conservation and restoration have become the focus of many land and water managers. Efforts to restore riparian habitats and other riverine ecosystems have included the management of flow releases downstream of dams to more closely mimic natural flows (Poff et al. 1997), but dam removal has received little attention as a possible approach to riparian restoration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0703:PRORVT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Shafroth, P., Friedman, J.M., Auble, G., Scott, M.L., and Braatne, J., 2002, Potential responses of riparian vegetation to dam removal: BioScience, v. 52, no. 8, p. 703-712, https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0703:PRORVT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"703","endPage":"712","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478746,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0703:prorvt]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae16f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shafroth, P.B.","contributorId":65041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":44495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Auble, G.T.","contributorId":19505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scott, M. L.","contributorId":75090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"M.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Braatne, J.H.","contributorId":84317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braatne","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70024191,"text":"70024191 - 2002 - Genetic structure of Columbia River redband trout populations in the Kootenai River drainage, Montana, revealed by microsatellite and allozyme loci","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T10:28:24","indexId":"70024191","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic structure of Columbia River redband trout populations in the Kootenai River drainage, Montana, revealed by microsatellite and allozyme loci","docAbstract":"We describe the genetic divergence among 10 populations of redband trout Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri from the upper Columbia River drainage. Resident redband trout from two watersheds in the Kootenai River drainage and hatchery stocks of migratory Kamloops redband trout from Kootenay Lake, British Columbia, were analyzed using allele frequency data from microsatellite and allozyme loci. The Kamloops populations have significantly different allele frequencies from those of the Kootenai River drainage. Of the total genetic variation detected in the resident redband trout, 40.7% (microsatellites) and 15.5% (allozymes) were due to differences between populations from the two Kootenai River watersheds. The divergence among populations within each watershed, however, was less than 3.5% with both techniques. Our data indicate that watershed-specific broodstocks of redband trout are needed by fisheries managers for reintroduction or the supplementation of populations at risk of extinction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<1093:GSOCRR>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Knudsen, K.L., Muhlfeld, C.C., Sage, G.K., and Leary, R., 2002, Genetic structure of Columbia River redband trout populations in the Kootenai River drainage, Montana, revealed by microsatellite and allozyme loci: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 131, no. 6, p. 1093-1105, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<1093:GSOCRR>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1093","endPage":"1105","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207027,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<1093:GSOCRR>2.0.CO;2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River, Kootenai River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.3447265625,\n 45.38301927899065\n ],\n [\n -118.3447265625,\n 50.65294336725709\n ],\n [\n -112.2802734375,\n 50.65294336725709\n ],\n [\n -112.2802734375,\n 45.38301927899065\n ],\n [\n -118.3447265625,\n 45.38301927899065\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"131","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1585e4b0c8380cd54e5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knudsen, Kathy L.","contributorId":41188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knudsen","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sage, George K. 0000-0003-1431-2286 ksage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2286","contributorId":87833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"George","email":"ksage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":400334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leary, Robb F.","contributorId":126726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leary","given":"Robb F.","affiliations":[{"id":6582,"text":"Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Missoula, Montana 59801, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":400335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024217,"text":"70024217 - 2002 - Comparison of riparian plant communities under four land management systems in southwestern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70024217","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":682,"text":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of riparian plant communities under four land management systems in southwestern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Riparian plant community composition is influenced by moisture, erosion, original native plant communities, and current and past land use. This study compared riparian plant communities under four types of management: woody buffer strip, grassy buffer strip, rotational grazing, and continuous grazing. Study sites were located along spring-fed streams in the unglaciated region of southwestern Wisconsin, USA. At each site, plant community surveys were conducted using a point transect method. Among the treatments, woody buffer strips, rotationally grazed and continuously grazed riparian areas had greater plant species richness than grassy buffer strips, and woody buffer strips had the greatest native plant species richness. Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) was prevalent in grassy buffer strips (44% of all observations), common in woody buffer strips (15%), and rare in sites that were rotationally or continuously grazed (3 and 5%, respectively). Pasture sites had greater proportions of native grasses and grass relatives and moderate levels of overall native species richness. Considered a water quality best management practice, well-managed rotational grazing may be a reasonable alternative to buffer strips which can contribute to protection and enhancement of native vegetation biodiversity. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00269-9","issn":"01678809","usgsCitation":"Paine, L., and Ribic, C., 2002, Comparison of riparian plant communities under four land management systems in southwestern Wisconsin: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, v. 92, no. 1, p. 93-105, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00269-9.","startPage":"93","endPage":"105","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207205,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00269-9"},{"id":231954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f888e4b0c8380cd4d183","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paine, L.K.","contributorId":56105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paine","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ribic, C. A. 0000-0003-2583-1778","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":6026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024192,"text":"70024192 - 2002 - Mid-Holocene hydrologic model of the Shingobee watershed, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70024192","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mid-Holocene hydrologic model of the Shingobee watershed, Minnesota","docAbstract":"A hydrologifc model of the Shingobee Watershed in north-central Minnesota was developed to reconstruct mid-Holocene paleo-lake levels for Williams Lake, a surface-water body located in the southern portion of the watershed. Hydrologic parameters for the model were first estimated in a calibration exercise using a 9-yr historical record (1990-1998) of climatic and hydrologic stresses. The model reproduced observed temporal and spatial trends in surface/groundwater levels across the watershed. Mid-Holocene aquifer and lake levels were then reconstructed using two paleoclimatic data sets: CCM1 atmospheric general circulation model output and pollen-transfer functions using sediment core data from Williams Lake. Calculated paleo-lake levels based on pollen-derived paleoclimatic reconstructions indicated a 3.5-m drop in simulated lake levels and were in good agreement with the position of mid-Holocene beach sands observed in a Williams Lake sediment core transect. However, calculated paleolake levels based on CCM1 climate forcing produced only a 0.05-m drop in lake levels. We found that decreases in winter precipitation rather than temperature increases had the largest effect on simulated mid-Holocene lake levels. The study illustrates how watershed models can be used to critically evaluate paleoclimatic reconstructions by integrating geologic, climatic, limnologic, and hydrogeologic data sets. ?? 2002 University of Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.2002.2377","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Filby, S., Locke, S.M., Person, M., Winter, T.C., Rosenberry, D., Nieber, J., Gutowski, W., and Ito, E., 2002, Mid-Holocene hydrologic model of the Shingobee watershed, Minnesota: Quaternary Research, v. 58, no. 3, p. 246-254, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.2002.2377.","startPage":"246","endPage":"254","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487346,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ge_at_pubs/105","text":"External Repository"},{"id":231570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207028,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2002.2377"}],"volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56b9e4b0c8380cd6d7a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Filby, S.K.","contributorId":29988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filby","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Locke, Sharon M.","contributorId":21296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Person, M.A.","contributorId":91108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosenberry, D.O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":38500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":400343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nieber, J.L.","contributorId":47942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nieber","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gutowski, W.J.","contributorId":6623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutowski","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ito, E.","contributorId":24956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ito","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70024216,"text":"70024216 - 2002 - Rodent middens, a new method for Quaternary research in arid zones of South America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-12T08:58:13","indexId":"70024216","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3286,"text":"Revista Chilena de Historia Natural","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rodent middens, a new method for Quaternary research in arid zones of South America","docAbstract":"In arid and semi-arid regions of South America, historical evidence for climate and vegetation change is scarce despite its importance for determining reference conditions and rates of natural variability in areas susceptible to modern desertification. Normal lines of evidence, such as pollen stratigraphies from lakes, are either rare or unobtainable in deserts; studies of late Quaternary vegetation history are few and generally inconclusive. This gap in knowledge may be corrected with discovery and development of fossil rodent middens in rocky environments throughout arid South America. These middens, mostly the work of Lagidium, Phyllotis, Abrocoma and Octodontomys, are rich in readily identifiable plant macrofossils, cuticles and pollen, as well as vertebrate and insect remains. In the North American deserts, more than 2,500 woodrat (Neotoma) middens analyzed since 1960 have yielded a detailed history of environmental change during the past 40,000 years. Preliminary work in the pre-puna, Monte and Patagonian Deserts of western Argentina, the Atacama Desert of northern Chile/southern Peru, the Mediterranean matorral of central Chile, and the Puna of the Andean altiplano suggest a similar potential for rodent middens in South America. Here we borrow from the North American experience to synthesize methodologies and approaches, summarize preliminary work, and explore the potential of rodent midden research in South America.
","language":"Spanish","issn":"0716078X","usgsCitation":"Betancourt, J., and Saavedra, B., 2002, Rodent middens, a new method for Quaternary research in arid zones of South America: Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, v. 75, no. 3, p. 527-546.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"527","endPage":"546","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae2be4b0c8380cd87035","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":400409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saavedra, B.","contributorId":73778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saavedra","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024203,"text":"70024203 - 2002 - Survival models for harvest management of mourning dove populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-04T22:25:26.281744","indexId":"70024203","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival models for harvest management of mourning dove populations","docAbstract":"Quantitative models of the relationship between annual survival and harvest rate of migratory game-bird populations are essential to science-based harvest management strategies. I used the best available band-recovery and harvest data for mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) to build a set of models based on different assumptions about compensatory harvest mortality. Although these models suffer from lack of contemporary data, they can be used in development of an initial set of population models that synthesize existing demographic data on a management-unit scale, and serve as a tool for prioritization of population demographic information needs. Credible harvest management plans for mourning dove populations will require a long-term commitment to population monitoring and iterative population analysis.","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802937","usgsCitation":"Otis, D.L., 2002, Survival models for harvest management of mourning dove populations: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 66, no. 4, p. 1052-1063, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802937.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1052","endPage":"1063","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2bfe4b08c986b31f91e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otis, David L.","contributorId":64396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70024201,"text":"70024201 - 2002 - Estimating terrestrial snow depth with the Topex-Poseidon altimeter and radiometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-30T13:00:49","indexId":"70024201","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating terrestrial snow depth with the Topex-Poseidon altimeter and radiometer","docAbstract":"Active and passive microwave measurements obtained by the dual-frequency Topex-Poseidon radar altimeter from the Northern Great Plains of the United States are used to develop a snow pack radar backscatter model. The model results are compared with daily time series of surface snow observations made by the U.S. National Weather Service. The model results show that Ku-band provides more accurate snow depth determinations than does C-band. Comparing the snow depth determinations derived from the Topex-Poseidon nadir-looking passive microwave radiometers with the oblique-looking Satellite Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) passive microwave observations and surface observations shows that both instruments accurately portray the temporal characteristics of the snow depth time series. While both retrievals consistently underestimate the actual snow depths, the Topex-Poseidon results are more accurate.
","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2002.802463","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Papa, F., Legresy, B., Mognard, N.M., Josberger, E., and Remy, F., 2002, Estimating terrestrial snow depth with the Topex-Poseidon altimeter and radiometer: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 40, no. 10, p. 2162-2169, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2002.802463.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2162","endPage":"2169","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207099,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2002.802463"}],"volume":"40","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b51e4b0c8380cd52692","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Papa, F.","contributorId":31260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papa","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Legresy, B.","contributorId":23389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legresy","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mognard, N. M.","contributorId":27612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mognard","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Josberger, E.G.","contributorId":61161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Remy, F.","contributorId":91749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remy","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70024197,"text":"70024197 - 2002 - The growth-temperature relation and preferred temperatures of juvenile lake herring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T11:35:11","indexId":"70024197","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":656,"text":"Advances in Limnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The growth-temperature relation and preferred temperatures of juvenile lake herring","docAbstract":"Lake herring, Coregonus artedi, were once extremely abundant in the Great Lakes where they functioned as a major trophic integrator, directly linking the planktonic crustacean resource to lake trout. Salvelinus namaycush. Lake herring populations in the Great Lakes collapsed during the middle third of the 20th century due to overfishing, degradation of critical habitat in major production areas, and interaction with exotic species. Fishery and habitat impediments to the recovery of lake herring have been removed, and it may now be possible to reestablish the species in its former habitats in the Great Lakes if adverse interactions with exotic species can be controlled within acceptable limits. To determine the potential for thermal niche overlap and adverse interaction with exotic fishes, juvenile (age-0) lake herring were held in the laboratory at 5, 10, 15, 18, and 21 C, and fed ad libitum for 54 days. The optimum temperature for growth in weight was about 14.5 C, indicating the fundamental thermal niche was 12.5-16.5 C. Fish used in the growth study were also tested in a vertical thermal gradient tank to measure their final preferendum. The final preferendum, 16.5 C, was in close agreement with the optimum temperature for growth and within the fundamental thermal niche. Both the optimum temperature for growth and the final preferendum have been used as measures of thermal niche, but this is the first time both measures were made on the same group of fish. Published information on the fundamental thermal niche, preferred temperatures, thermal habitat use, and feeding habits of alewives, rainbow smelt, and ruffe, indicates they will co-occur in spring, or summer with age-0 lake herring and that collectively they pose a predation threat to small, age-0 lake herring.
","language":"English","publisher":"Schweizerbart","issn":"00711128","usgsCitation":"Edsall, T., and Desorcie, T., 2002, The growth-temperature relation and preferred temperatures of juvenile lake herring: Advances in Limnology, v. 57, p. 335-342.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"342","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":321493,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.schweizerbart.de/publications/detail/isbn/9783510470594/Archiv_Advances_in_Limnology_57_Biology"}],"volume":"57","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacaae4b08c986b323650","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edsall, T.A.","contributorId":73549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Desorcie, T.J.","contributorId":96442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desorcie","given":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024194,"text":"70024194 - 2002 - Preeruptive inflation and surface interferometric coherence characteristics revealed by satellite radar interferometry at Makushin Volcano, Alaska: 1993-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T12:04:56","indexId":"70024194","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preeruptive inflation and surface interferometric coherence characteristics revealed by satellite radar interferometry at Makushin Volcano, Alaska: 1993-2000","docAbstract":"Pilot reports in January 1995 and geologic field observations from the summer of 1996 indicate that a relatively small explosive eruption of Makushin, one of the more frequently active volcanoes in the Aleutian arc of Alaska, occurred on 30 January 1995. Several independent radar interferograms that each span the time period from October 1993 to September 1995 show evidence of ???7 cm of uplift centered on the volcano's east flank, which we interpret as preeruptive inflation of a ???7-km-deep magma source (??V = 0.022 km3). Subsequent interferograms for 1995-2000, a period that included no reported eruptive activity, show no evidence of additional ground deformation. Interferometric coherence at C band is found to persist for 3 years or more on lava flow and other rocky surfaces covered with short grass and sparsely distributed tall grass and for at least 1 year on most pyroclastic deposits. On lava flow and rocky surfaces with dense tall grass and on alluvium, coherence lasts for a few months. Snow and ice surfaces lose coherence within a few days. This extended timeframe of coherence over a variety of surface materials makes C band radar interferometry an effective tool for studying volcano deformation in Alaska and other similar high-latitude regions.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000970","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., Power, J., McConnell, V., Wicks, C., and Dzurisin, D., 2002, Preeruptive inflation and surface interferometric coherence characteristics revealed by satellite radar interferometry at Makushin Volcano, Alaska: 1993-2000: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. 11, p. ECV 1-1-ECV 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000970.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"ECV 1-1","endPage":"ECV 1-13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478673,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb000970","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a820ce4b0c8380cd7b895","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Power, J.A.","contributorId":20765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McConnell, V.S.","contributorId":39975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConnell","given":"V.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wicks, C. Jr.","contributorId":87681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dzurisin, D.","contributorId":76067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70024196,"text":"70024196 - 2002 - Changes in population and agricultural land in conterminous United States counties, 1790 to 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-04T10:07:29","indexId":"70024196","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in population and agricultural land in conterminous United States counties, 1790 to 1997","docAbstract":"We have developed a data set of changes in population and agricultural land for the conterminous United States at the county level, resulting in more spatial detail than in previously available compilations. The purpose was to provide data on the timing of land conversion as an input to dynamic models of the carbon cycle, although a wide variety of applications exist for the physical, biological, and social sciences. The spatial data represent the appropriate county boundaries for each census year between 1790 and 1997, and the census attributes are attached to the appropriate spatial region. The resulting time series and maps show the history of population (1790-1990) and the history of agricultural development (1850-1997). The patterns of agricultural development reflect the influences of climate, soil productivity, increases in population size, variations in the general economy, and technological changes in the energy, transportation, and agricultural sectors.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2001GB001843","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Waisanen, P.J., and Bliss, N.B., 2002, Changes in population and agricultural land in conterminous United States counties, 1790 to 1997: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 16, no. 4, p. 84-1-84-19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GB001843.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"84-1","endPage":"84-19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478779,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gb001843","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f420e4b0c8380cd4bb65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waisanen, Pamela J.","contributorId":62791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waisanen","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bliss, Norman B. 0000-0003-2409-5211 bliss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-5211","contributorId":1921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"Norman","email":"bliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186887,"text":"70186887 - 2002 - Persistent organic pollutants in murre eggs from the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T21:51:45","indexId":"70186887","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Persistent organic pollutants in murre eggs from the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings: 22nd international symposium on halogenated environmental organic pollutants and persistent organic pollutants (POPs)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Dioxin 2002: 22nd International Symposium on Halogenated Environmental Organic Pollutants and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)","conferenceDate":"August 11-16, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Barcelona, Spain","language":"English","publisher":"Dioxin 20XX","isbn":"8460751821","usgsCitation":"Kucklick, J.R., Vander Pol, S.S., Becker, P., Pugh, R.S., Simac, K.S., York, G., and Rosenau, D., 2002, Persistent organic pollutants in murre eggs from the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea, in Proceedings: 22nd international symposium on halogenated environmental organic pollutants and persistent organic pollutants (POPs), Barcelona, Spain, August 11-16, 2002, p. 13-16.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"16","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339676,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339675,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dioxin20xx.org/history.htm"}],"otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea, Gulf of Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f08e63e4b06911a29fa868","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kucklick, John R.","contributorId":103519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kucklick","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":25356,"text":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":690852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vander Pol, Stacy S.","contributorId":38776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vander Pol","given":"Stacy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":25356,"text":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":690853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Becker, P.R.","contributorId":101035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pugh, Rebecca S.","contributorId":11826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pugh","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":25356,"text":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":690855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Simac, Kristin S. 0000-0002-4072-1940 ksimac@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4072-1940","contributorId":131096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simac","given":"Kristin","email":"ksimac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"York, G.W.","contributorId":105474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"York","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rosenau, D.G.","contributorId":190841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenau","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70025112,"text":"70025112 - 2002 - Controls on facies and sequence stratigraphy of an upper Miocene carbonate ramp and platform, Melilla basin, NE Morocco","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T16:44:39.6464","indexId":"70025112","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls on facies and sequence stratigraphy of an upper Miocene carbonate ramp and platform, Melilla basin, NE Morocco","docAbstract":"Upwelling of cool seawater, paleoceanographic circulation, paleoclimate, local tectonics and relative sea-level change controlled the lithofacies and sequence stratigraphy of a carbonate ramp and overlying platform that are part of a temporally well constrained carbonate complex in the Melilla basin, northeastern Morocco. At Melilla, from oldest to youngest, a third-order depositional sequence within the carbonate complex contains (1) a retrogradational, transgressive, warm temperate-type rhodalgal ramp; (2) an early highstand, progradational, bioclastic platform composed mainly of a temperate-type, bivalve-rich molechfor facies; and (3) late highstand, progradational to downstepping, subtropical/tropical-type chlorozoan fringing Porites reefs. The change from rhodalgal ramp to molechfor platform occurred at
Comparison to a well-dated carbonate complex in southeastern Spain at Cabo de Gata suggests that upwelling of cool seawater influenced production of temperate-type limestone within the ramp and platform at Melilla during postulated late Tortonian–early Messinian subtropical/tropical paleoclimatic conditions in the western Paleo-Mediterranean region. The upwelling of cool seawater across the bioclastic platform at Melilla could be related to the beginning of ‘siphoning’ of deep, cold Atlantic waters into the Paleo-Mediterranean Sea at 7.17 Ma. The facies change within the bioclastic platform from molechfor to chlorozoan facies may be coincident with a reduction of the siphoning of Atlantic waters and the end of upwelling at Melilla during chron 3An.2n.
The ramp contains one retrogradational parasequence and the bioclastic platform three progradational parasequences. Minor erosional surfaces that bound the upper surface of the ramp and upper surface of the oldest platform parasequence are related to relative falls in sea level induced by local volcanism and associated tectonic uplift. These local relative falls had little influence on a broader-scale rise to stillstand in relative sea level that controlled development of the transgressive and early highstand systems tracts represented in the ramp and platform, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00131-2","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, K.J., and Collins, L.S., 2002, Controls on facies and sequence stratigraphy of an upper Miocene carbonate ramp and platform, Melilla basin, NE Morocco: Sedimentary Geology, v. 146, no. 3-4, p. 285-304, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00131-2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"304","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. 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","startPage":"4","endPage":"42","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333635,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58833027e4b0d002316377cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tyler, T.J.","contributorId":177756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tyler","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liss, W.J.","contributorId":75887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liss","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, G.L.","contributorId":103021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ganio, L.M.","contributorId":101223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganio","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70179981,"text":"70179981 - 2002 - Monitoring of Lost River and shortnose suckers in the Lower Williamson River, Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T15:24:36","indexId":"70179981","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Monitoring of Lost River and shortnose suckers in the Lower Williamson River, Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"Abstract not available
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Tyler, T., Janney, E., Hayes, B., Shively, R., and Blackwood, G., 2002, Monitoring of Lost River and shortnose suckers in the Lower Williamson River, Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333638,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Lower Williamson River ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.94755554199219,\n 42.49589666159403\n ],\n [\n -121.90223693847656,\n 42.54701017547381\n ],\n [\n -121.89056396484375,\n 42.632443217615524\n ],\n [\n -121.88919067382812,\n 42.67789231549924\n ],\n [\n -121.85760498046875,\n 42.72229931484221\n ],\n [\n -121.83769226074219,\n 42.77675540379361\n ],\n [\n -121.78482055664061,\n 42.76012111926778\n ],\n [\n -121.80816650390625,\n 42.661736441708726\n ],\n [\n -121.84867858886717,\n 42.596060025486615\n ],\n [\n -121.88575744628906,\n 42.49944053092116\n ],\n [\n -121.92146301269531,\n 42.48019996901214\n ],\n [\n -121.94755554199219,\n 42.49589666159403\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58833027e4b0d002316377ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tyler, T.J.","contributorId":177756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tyler","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janney, E.C.","contributorId":43955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janney","given":"E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayes, B.S.","contributorId":34721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shively, R.S.","contributorId":79642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blackwood, G.N.","contributorId":178494,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blackwood","given":"G.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70179975,"text":"70179975 - 2002 - Migration behavior of radio-tagged juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead relative to the performance of a removable spillway weir at Lower Granite Dam, Washington 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T15:10:11","indexId":"70179975","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Migration behavior of radio-tagged juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead relative to the performance of a removable spillway weir at Lower Granite Dam, Washington 2002","docAbstract":"Abstract not available
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Army Corps of Engineers","publisherLocation":"Walla Walla, WA","usgsCitation":"Plumb, J., Braatz, A., Lucchesi, J., Fielding, S., Sprando, J., George, G., Adams, N., and Rondorf, D., 2002, Migration behavior of radio-tagged juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead relative to the performance of a removable spillway weir at Lower Granite Dam, Washington 2002.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333629,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58833027e4b0d002316377d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumb, J.M.","contributorId":37870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumb","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Braatz, A.C.","contributorId":65962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braatz","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lucchesi, J.N.","contributorId":178478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucchesi","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fielding, S.D.","contributorId":16956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fielding","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sprando, J.M.","contributorId":81606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprando","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"George, G.T.","contributorId":178475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"George","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Adams, N.S.","contributorId":178351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":659392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70179973,"text":"70179973 - 2002 - Compensatory feeding following a predator removal program: detection and mechanisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T15:06:21","indexId":"70179973","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Compensatory feeding following a predator removal program: detection and mechanisms","docAbstract":"Abstract not available
","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J., 2002, Compensatory feeding following a predator removal program: detection and mechanisms.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333627,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58833027e4b0d002316377d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, J.H.","contributorId":72154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70180949,"text":"70180949 - 2002 - Identifying a large landslide with small displacements in a zone of coseismic tectonic deformation; the Villa Del Monte landslide triggered by the 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-09T14:47:38","indexId":"70180949","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3853,"text":"Reviews in Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying a large landslide with small displacements in a zone of coseismic tectonic deformation; the Villa Del Monte landslide triggered by the 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"The Villa Del Monte landslide was one of 20 large and complex landslides triggered by the 1989 LomaPrieta, California, earthquake in a zone of pervasive coseismicground cracking near the fault rupture. The landslide was approximately 980 m long, 870 m wide, and encompassed an area of approximately 68 ha. Drilling data suggested that movement may have extended to depths as great as 85 m below the ground surface. Even though the landslide moved <1 m, it caused substantial damage to numerous dwellings and other structures, primarily as a result of differential displacements and internal Assuring. Surface cracks, scarps, and compression features delineating the Villa Del Monte landslide were discontinuous, probably because coseismic displacements were small; such discontinuous features were also characteristic of the other large, coseismic landslides in the area, which also moved only short distances during the earthquake. Because features marking landslide boundaries were discontinuous and because other types of coseismic ground cracks were widespread in the area, identification of the landslides required detailed mapping and analysis. Recognition that landslides such as that at Villa Del Monte may occur near earthquake-generating fault ruptures should aid in future hazard evaluations of areas along active faults.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America.","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/REG15-p117","issn":"0080-2018","usgsCitation":"Keefer, D.K., Harp, E.L., Griggs, G.B., Evans, S.G., and DeGraff, J.V., 2002, Identifying a large landslide with small displacements in a zone of coseismic tectonic deformation; the Villa Del Monte landslide triggered by the 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake: Reviews in Engineering Geology, v. 15, p. 117-134, https://doi.org/10.1130/REG15-p117.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"134","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":335090,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589d8dd8e4b0efcedb7ae5e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keefer, David K.","contributorId":77930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harp, Edwin L. harp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"Edwin","email":"harp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":662943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griggs, Gary B.","contributorId":88820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griggs","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, Stephen G.","contributorId":179140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeGraff, Jerome V.","contributorId":85709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGraff","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70180706,"text":"70180706 - 2002 - North-central Oregon Cascades; exploring petrologic and tectonic intimacy in a propagating intra-arc rift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T10:14:51","indexId":"70180706","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"North-central Oregon Cascades; exploring petrologic and tectonic intimacy in a propagating intra-arc rift","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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The map is based on water-level measurements in 65 wells. The potentiometric surface was as high as 110 feet above sea level near the northwestern boundary and outcrop area of the aquifer in northern Anne Arundel County. From this area, the potentiometric surface declined towards large well fields at Severndale, Arnold, and Annapolis. The ground-water levels declined to 78 feet below sea level at Severndale, 38 feet below sea level at Arnold, and 31 feet below sea level a few miles west of Annapolis. There was also a cone of depression covering a large area in Charles County that includes Waldorf, LaPlata, Indian Head, and the Morgantown power plant. 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The most common cause of amphibian mortality events was infection by ranaviruses (Family: Iridoviridae). Ranavirus epizootics have abrupt onset and affect late-stage larvae and recent metamorphs. Mortality events due to ranavirus infections affected only widespread and abundant amphibian species, and there was a clear association with high population densities. Chytrid fungal infections accounted for seven mortality events in postmetamorphic anurans only. Chytrid epizootics are insidious and easily overlooked in the field. While both ranavirus and chytrid fungal epizootics were associated with > 90% mortality rates at affected sites, only the chytrid fungal infections were linked to multiple amphibian population declines. Three primitive fungal organisms in the newly erected clade, Mesomycetozoa, caused morbidities and mortalities in anurans and salamanders.
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E. 0000-0002-7663-1832","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7663-1832","contributorId":58971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Converse, K. A.","contributorId":81436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schrader, Audra K.","contributorId":57399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"Audra","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003933,"text":"1003933 - 2002 - Concentrations of trace elements in eggs and blood of spectacled and common eiders on Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T11:00:24","indexId":"1003933","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrations of trace elements in eggs and blood of spectacled and common eiders on Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"We examined the relations among nesting success, egg viability, and blood and egg concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Hg, and Se in a threatened population of spectacled eiders (Somateria fischeri) and a sympatric population of common eiders (S. mollissima) on the Yukona??Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, USA, during 1995 and 1996. During the early breeding season, males and females had mean Se concentrations in their blood of 19.2 I?g/g and 12.8 I?g/g wet weight, respectively. Blood Se concentrations of females were correlated with egg concentrations. During brood rearing, blood Se levels were higher in adult females than in ducklings. Blood concentrations of Pb in spectacled eider females were higher than in common eider females captured at hatching, but blood concentrations of Se were similar. Trace element concentrations were not related to nest success or egg viability. We submit that nest success and egg viability of spectacled eiders are not related to concentrations of the trace elements we measured. Because blood Se concentrations declined rapidly through the breeding season and were not related to nest success or egg viability, we suggest that spectacled eiders are exposed to high concentrations of Se during winter that pose little threat to this population.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620210819","usgsCitation":"Grand, J.B., Franson, J., Flint, P.L., and Petersen, M.R., 2002, Concentrations of trace elements in eggs and blood of spectacled and common eiders on Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 21, no. 8, p. 1673-1678, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620210819.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1673","endPage":"1678","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"21","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a494b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":314688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":2157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. Christian","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":314691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":314689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":314690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1003934,"text":"1003934 - 2002 - Preface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T14:15:22","indexId":"1003934","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preface","docAbstract":"This issue of Hydrobiologia brings together a series of papers resulting from an intensified effort to describe the current status of the physical and biological conditions present at California's Salton Sea. Most of the studies were contract investigations that were part of a project initiated in January 1998 to pursue the improvement of environmental conditions at the Salton Sea. The remainder are independent investigations resulting in information of importance for the Salton Sea Restoration Project. The information provided by those investigations resulting in information of importance for the Salton Sea Restoration Project. The information provided by those investigations is the most holistic assembly of scientific knowledge about the Salton Sea ever brought together in a single publication. The resulting findings provide an important foundation of knowledge for what has been stated to be '. . . one of the worlds' most dynamic salt lakes . . .' (Hart et al., 1998). We hope this publication will serve as a catalyst to stimulate additional scientific investigations that will further enhance understanding of the dynamics of this unique ecosystem. The purpose for these introductory comments is to place the scientific investigations reported on and the Salton Sea Restoration Project in context and entities, and to one another.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","usgsCitation":"Friend, M., 2002, Preface: Hydrobiologia, v. 473, no. 1-3, p. vii-xii.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"vii","endPage":"xii","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Salton Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.10076904296875,\n 33.516209361109055\n ],\n [\n -116.10076904296875,\n 33.48185394054361\n ],\n [\n -116.06506347656251,\n 33.43602551072033\n ],\n [\n -116.04583740234374,\n 33.37182502950726\n ],\n [\n -115.97991943359375,\n 33.332823028503576\n ],\n [\n -115.88928222656249,\n 33.261656767328006\n ],\n [\n -115.84808349609375,\n 33.167444534375925\n ],\n [\n -115.76293945312499,\n 33.08693925905123\n ],\n [\n -115.69976806640625,\n 33.08003537299405\n ],\n [\n -115.56793212890625,\n 33.201924189778936\n ],\n [\n -115.587158203125,\n 33.305281685899445\n ],\n [\n -115.65582275390624,\n 33.358061612778876\n ],\n [\n -115.72998046875,\n 33.358061612778876\n ],\n [\n -115.92224121093749,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -116.0101318359375,\n 33.55055114384406\n ],\n [\n -116.10076904296875,\n 33.516209361109055\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"473","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e7c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friend, M. 0000-0002-2882-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-3629","contributorId":82634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friend","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003935,"text":"1003935 - 2002 - Avian disease at the Salton Sea","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":1003935,"text":"1003935 - 2002 - Avian disease at the Salton Sea","indexId":"1003935","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Avian disease at the Salton Sea"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":94819,"text":"94819 - 2002 - The Salton Sea: Proceedings of the Salton Sea Symposium","indexId":"94819","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"The Salton Sea: Proceedings of the Salton Sea Symposium"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":94819,"text":"94819 - 2002 - The Salton Sea: Proceedings of the Salton Sea Symposium","indexId":"94819","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"The Salton Sea: Proceedings of the Salton Sea Symposium"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-18T17:48:24.554028","indexId":"1003935","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian disease at the Salton Sea","docAbstract":"A review of existing records and the scientific literature was conducted for occurrences of avian diseases affecting free-ranging avifauna within the Salton Sea ecosystem. The period for evaluation was 1907 through 1999. Records of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Biological Survey and the scientific literature were the data sources for the period of 1907–1939. The narrative reports of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Sonny Bono National Wildlife Refuge Complex and the epizootic database of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Wildlife Health Center were the primary data sources for the remainder of the evaluation. The pattern of avian disease at the Salton Sea has changed greatly over time. Relative to past decades, there was a greater frequency of major outbreaks of avian disease at the Salton Sea during the 1990s than in previous decades, a greater variety of disease agents causing epizootics, and apparent chronic increases in the attrition of birds from disease. Avian mortality was high for about a decade beginning during the mid-1920s, diminished substantially by the 1940s and was at low to moderate levels until the 1990s when it reached the highest levels reported. Avian botulism (Clostridium botulinum type C) was the only major cause of avian disease until 1979 when the first major epizootic of avian cholera (Pasteurella multocidia) was documented. Waterfowl and shorebirds were the primary species affected by avian botulism. A broader spectrum of species have been killed by avian cholera but waterfowl have suffered the greatest losses. Avian cholera reappeared in 1983 and has joined avian botulism as a recurring cause of avian mortality. In 1989, avian salmonellosis (Salmonella typhimurium) was first diagnosed as a major cause of avian disease within the Salton Sea ecosystem and has since reappeared several times, primarily among cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis). The largest loss from a single epizootic occurred in 1992, when an estimated 155 000 birds, primarily eared grebes (Podiceps nigricollis), died from an undiagnosed cause. Reoccurrences of that unknown malady have continued to kill substantial numbers of eared grebes throughout the 1990s. The first major epizootic of type C avian botulism in fish-eating birds occurred in 1996 and killed large numbers of pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis & P. erythrorhynchos). Avian botulism has remained as a major annual cause of disease in pelicans. In contrast, the chronic on-Sea occurrence of avian botulism in waterfowl and shorebirds of previous decades was seldom seen during the 1990s. Newcastle disease became the first viral disease to cause major bird losses at the Salton Sea when it appeared in the Mullet Island cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) breeding colony during 1997 and again during 1998.
","conferenceTitle":"Salton Sea Symposium","conferenceDate":"January 13-14, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Desert Hot Springs, CA","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1016570810004","usgsCitation":"Friend, M., 2002, Avian disease at the Salton Sea: Hydrobiologia, v. 473, no. 1-3, p. 293-306, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016570810004.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"306","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Salton Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.08566284179688,\n 33.51162942617925\n ],\n [\n -116.06506347656251,\n 33.535671379525525\n ],\n [\n -115.94284057617188,\n 33.527658137677335\n ],\n [\n -115.72998046875,\n 33.35232621329067\n ],\n [\n -115.7080078125,\n 33.35691456311512\n ],\n [\n -115.6475830078125,\n 33.338559712732525\n ],\n [\n -115.58441162109375,\n 33.25132135653952\n ],\n [\n -115.58441162109375,\n 33.20422235093439\n ],\n [\n -115.70114135742186,\n 33.08463802391685\n ],\n [\n -115.76843261718751,\n 33.10419660287101\n ],\n [\n -115.8343505859375,\n 33.173192085918075\n ],\n [\n -115.94284057617188,\n 33.31216783738619\n ],\n [\n -116.0430908203125,\n 33.39131947587412\n ],\n [\n -116.0870361328125,\n 33.47727218776036\n ],\n [\n -116.08566284179688,\n 33.51162942617925\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"473","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db5464d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friend, Milton 0000-0002-2882-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-3629","contributorId":31332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friend","given":"Milton","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":314693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}