{"pageNumber":"2996","pageRowStart":"74875","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":1015268,"text":"1015268 - 2002 - Riparian vegetation response to altered disturbance and stress regimes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-24T12:35:28.340446","indexId":"1015268","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Riparian vegetation response to altered disturbance and stress regimes","docAbstract":"<p>Management of terrestrial carbon fluxes is being proposed as a means of increasing the amount of carbon sequestered in the terrestrial biosphere. This approach is generally viewed only as an interim strategy for the coming decades while other longer-term strategies are developed and implemented&nbsp;—&nbsp;the most important being the direct reduction of carbon emissions. We are concerned that the potential for rapid, disturbance-induced losses may be much greater than is currently appreciated, especially by the decision-making community. Here we wish to: (1) highlight the complex and threshold-like nature of disturbances&nbsp;—&nbsp;such as fire and drought, as well as the erosion associated with each&nbsp;—&nbsp;that could lead to carbon losses; (2) note the global extent of ecosystems that are at risk of such disturbance-induced carbon losses; and (3) call for increased consideration of and research on the mechanisms by which large, rapid disturbance-induced losses of terrestrial carbon could occur<i>.</i> Our lack of ability as a scientific community to predict such ecosystem dynamics is precluding the effective consideration of these processes into strategies and policies related to carbon management and sequestration. Consequently, scientists need to do more to improve quantification of these potential losses and to integrate them into sound, sustainable policy options.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0107:RVRTAD]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Shafroth, P., Stromberg, J., and Patten, D., 2002, Riparian vegetation response to altered disturbance and stress regimes: Ecological Applications, v. 12, no. 1, p. 107-123, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0107:RVRTAD]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"123","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.23583984374999,\n              34.07086232376631\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.3349609375,\n              34.07086232376631\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.3349609375,\n              34.50655662164561\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.23583984374999,\n              34.50655662164561\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.23583984374999,\n              34.07086232376631\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a11e4b07f02db6003c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shafroth, P.B.","contributorId":65041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stromberg, J.C.","contributorId":81455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stromberg","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patten, D.T.","contributorId":15955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patten","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024070,"text":"70024070 - 2002 - Residual bias in a multiphase flow model calibration and prediction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70024070","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":649,"text":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Residual bias in a multiphase flow model calibration and prediction","docAbstract":"When calibrated models produce biased residuals, we assume it is due to an inaccurate conceptual model and revise the model, choosing the most representative model as the one with the best-fit and least biased residuals. However, if the calibration data are biased, we may fail to identify an acceptable model or choose an incorrect model. Conceptual model revision could not eliminate biased residuals during inversion of simulated DNAPL migration under controlled conditions at the Borden Site near Ontario Canada. This paper delineates hypotheses for the source of bias, and explains the evolution of the calibration and resulting model predictions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Czech","issn":"00017132","usgsCitation":"Poeter, E.P., and Johnson, R., 2002, Residual bias in a multiphase flow model calibration and prediction: Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica, v. 46, no. 2-3, p. 208-212.","startPage":"208","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa982e4b0c8380cd85e2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poeter, E. P.","contributorId":63851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poeter","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, R.H.","contributorId":7041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024146,"text":"70024146 - 2002 - Chicago's water market: Dynamics of demand, prices and scarcity rents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70024146","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":831,"text":"Applied Economics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chicago's water market: Dynamics of demand, prices and scarcity rents","docAbstract":"Chicago and its suburbs are experiencing an increasing demand for water from a growing population and economy and may experience water scarcity in the near future. The Chicago metropolitan area has nearly depleted its groundwater resources to a point where interstate conflicts with Wisconsin could accompany an increased reliance on those sources. Further, the withdrawals from Lake Michigan is limited by the Supreme Court decree. The growing demand and indications of possible scarcity suggest a need to reexamine the pricing policies and the dynamics of demand. The study analyses the demand for water and develops estimates of scarcity rents for water in Chicago. The price and income elasticities computed at the means are -0.002 and 0.0002 respectively. The estimated scarcity rents ranges from $0.98 to $1.17 per thousand gallons. The results indicate that the current prices do not fully account for the scarcity rents and suggest a current rate with in the range $1.53 to $1.72 per thousand gallons.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Economics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/00036840210138383","issn":"00036846","usgsCitation":"Ipe, V., and Bhagwat, S., 2002, Chicago's water market: Dynamics of demand, prices and scarcity rents: Applied Economics, v. 34, no. 17, p. 2157-2163, https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840210138383.","startPage":"2157","endPage":"2163","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207239,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036840210138383"},{"id":232027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5b7e4b0c8380cd4c3a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ipe, V.C.","contributorId":41184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ipe","given":"V.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bhagwat, S.B.","contributorId":58025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhagwat","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024150,"text":"70024150 - 2002 - Comparing landslide inventories: The map depends on the method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70024150","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing landslide inventories: The map depends on the method","docAbstract":"Landslide inventory maps are generally prepared by interpreting the geomorphic expression of landsliding on aerial photos, topographic maps, or on the ground. Distinctive landslide geomorphology allows the recognition and mapping of landslides, although there are always landslides that have very subtle expression and are not identified. The difficulties of mapping landslides based on their geomorphic expression are amplified in heavily forested terrain. The ground surface is obscured by tree cover on aerial photographs, and landslide-related features are often hidden. This limitation affects not only aerial photo interpretation, but also interpretation of topographic maps, which are based on aerial photographs. We compared five maps showing landslides in the Laurel Quadrangle in the Santa Cruz Mountains, California. These include a geologic map, a map prepared for the county based on interpretation of aerial photographs, a map prepared by us based on aerial photographs and compilation of previous work, a map of features interpreted from the U.S. Geological Survey 7.5-minute topographic map, and a detailed field-based landslide map. Comparison of these maps shows that the geologic map identifies few landslides, but most landslides on the geologic map are also shown on the other maps. The two maps based mainly on aerial photo interpretation tend to show the larger slides, but there is only about 60 percent correspondence of landslide areas between the two. Comparing the reconnaissance techniques with the much more detailed field mapping shows that the reconnaisance maps emphasize the large slides of bedrock and identify a lower percentage of shallow debris slides and debris flows.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Engineering Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/8.4.279","issn":"10787275","usgsCitation":"Wills, C., and McCrink, T., 2002, Comparing landslide inventories: The map depends on the method: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 8, no. 4, p. 279-293, https://doi.org/10.2113/8.4.279.","startPage":"279","endPage":"293","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207279,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/8.4.279"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f835e4b0c8380cd4cf3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wills, C.J.","contributorId":91275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wills","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCrink, T.P.","contributorId":91662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCrink","given":"T.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024137,"text":"70024137 - 2002 - Performance of a satellite-linked GPS on Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T16:49:23.459427","indexId":"70024137","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3093,"text":"Polar Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Performance of a satellite-linked GPS on Pacific walruses (<i>Odobenus rosmarus divergens</i>)","title":"Performance of a satellite-linked GPS on Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens)","docAbstract":"<p><span>We evaluated the utility of a satellite-linked GPS in obtaining location data from Pacific walruses (</span><i>Odobenus rosmarus divergens</i><span>). A unit was attached to one of the tusks of each of three adult male walruses in Bristol Bay, Alaska. The units were designed to relay GPS positions through the Argos Data Collection and Location System. The GPS was only minimally effective in obtaining location data. An average of only 5% of the attempts yielded a position, and only a small number of these were locations at sea. The paucity of successful attempts was probably due to infrequent and brief surfacings of the GPS, the proximity of cliffs to predominant haul-out sites in the study region, and the packing of animals when they were hauled out in herds. Argos was effective in relaying GPS positions in this study, but as GPS technology advances, and its application to marine mammal studies becomes more prevalent, it seems that the greatest challenge to the study of many species will be in data retrieval.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s00300-001-0338-7","usgsCitation":"Jay, C.V., and Garner, G.W., 2002, Performance of a satellite-linked GPS on Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens): Polar Biology, v. 25, no. 3, p. 235-237, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-001-0338-7.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7686e4b0c8380cd7816d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jay, Chadwick V. 0000-0002-9559-2189 cjay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":192736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"Chadwick","email":"cjay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garner, Gerald W.","contributorId":149918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":400151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024149,"text":"70024149 - 2002 - Characterization of the spatial variability of channel morphology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70024149","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of the spatial variability of channel morphology","docAbstract":"The spatial variability of two fundamental morphological variables is investigated for rivers having a wide range of discharge (five orders of magnitude). The variables, water-surface width and average depth, were measured at 58 to 888 equally spaced cross-sections in channel links (river reaches between major tributaries). These measurements provide data to characterize the two-dimensional structure of a channel link which is the fundamental unit of a channel network. The morphological variables have nearly log-normal probability distributions. A general relation was determined which relates the means of the log-transformed variables to the logarithm of discharge similar to previously published downstream hydraulic geometry relations. The spatial variability of the variables is described by two properties: (1) the coefficient of variation which was nearly constant (0.13-0.42) over a wide range of discharge; and (2) the integral length scale in the downstream direction which was approximately equal to one to two mean channel widths. The joint probability distribution of the morphological variables in the downstream direction was modelled as a first-order, bivariate autoregressive process. This model accounted for up to 76 per cent of the total variance. The two-dimensional morphological variables can be scaled such that the channel width-depth process is independent of discharge. The scaling properties will be valuable to modellers of both basin and channel dynamics. Published in 2002 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/esp.403","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., and Troutman, B., 2002, Characterization of the spatial variability of channel morphology: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 27, no. 12, p. 1251-1266, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.403.","startPage":"1251","endPage":"1266","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207263,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.403"},{"id":232068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-09-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4e7e4b0c8380cd4bfc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, J. A.","contributorId":32930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troutman, B.M.","contributorId":73638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024143,"text":"70024143 - 2002 - Characterization of annual reproductive cycles for pond-reared Florida largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides floridanus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70024143","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of annual reproductive cycles for pond-reared Florida largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides floridanus","docAbstract":"The annual reproductive cycle of hatchery-raised largemouth bass (Florida subspecies Micropterus salmoides floridanus) was characterized over a one-year period. Largemouth bass have a distinct annual reproductive cycle with a spring spawning season (approximately between mid-January and mid-June). Cycle characterization focused on an evaluation of gonadal development and plasma concentrations of several sex steroids and vitellogenin (VTG). Adult largemouth bass (n = 20: 10 females and 10 males) were collected monthly from hatchery ponds for one full calendar year. Plasma samples were analyzed for estradiol-17?? (E2), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), testosterone (T), progesterone (P), and VTG. Gonadal tissues were weighed to calculate gonadosomatic index (GSI) and evaluated histologically to characterize reproductive stage. In both sexes, GSI began to increase in November, and peaked in February-March. Increases in gonad weights were correlated with maturation of gonads as evidenced by histological evaluations. Bass exhibited seasonal changes in plasma sex steroids and VTG. In males, 11-KT was the only sex steroid that showed strong seasonality, with highest values in February. In females, although E2 and T concentrations followed a similar annual cycle, with highest and lowest values in February and August, respectively, the strongest pattern was observed with E2. 11-KT concentrations were less variable across months, and values were about half of those observed in males. In females, P peaked two months after E2, with high values still in May and June and decreased thereafter, and VTG began to increase in October, but peaked a month prior to the observed peaked in E2. VTG was also detected in males but at concentrations that were about 1/12 that of females, and no seasonal pattern was evident. This study is the first to fully characterize the seasonal endocrine cycle for largemouth bass. These data will be useful when conducting reproductive evaluations of free-ranging populations of largemouth bass and for assessing potential reproductive effects due to environmental contaminants in this species. ?? 2002 by the American Fisheries Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08922284","usgsCitation":"Gross, T., Wieser, C., Sepulveda, M.S., Wiebe, J., Schoeb, T., and Denslow, N., 2002, Characterization of annual reproductive cycles for pond-reared Florida largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides floridanus: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 2002, no. 31, p. 205-212.","startPage":"205","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2002","issue":"31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4c1e4b0c8380cd4bec5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gross, T. S.","contributorId":95828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"T. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wieser, C.M. 0000-0002-4342-444X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4342-444X","contributorId":63197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieser","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sepulveda, M. S.","contributorId":99918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiebe, J.J.","contributorId":11171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiebe","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schoeb, T. R.","contributorId":73550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoeb","given":"T. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Denslow, N. D.","contributorId":101606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denslow","given":"N. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70024144,"text":"70024144 - 2002 - Tadpoles balance foraging and predator avoidance: Effects of predation, pond drying, and hunger","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-03T15:04:49.816773","indexId":"70024144","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tadpoles balance foraging and predator avoidance: Effects of predation, pond drying, and hunger","docAbstract":"<p><span>Organisms are predicted to make trade-offs when foraging and predator avoidance behaviors present conflicting demands. Balancing conflicting demands is important to larval amphibians because adult fitness can be strongly influenced by size at metamorphosis and duration of the larval period. Larvae in temporary ponds must maximize growth within a short time period to achieve metamorphosis before ponds dry, while simultaneously avoiding predators. To determine whether tadpoles trade off between conflicting demands, I examined tadpole (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Pseudacris triseriata</span></i><span>) activity and microhabitat use in the presence of red-spotted newts (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Notopthalmus viridescens</span></i><span>) under varying conditions of pond drying and hunger. Tadpoles significantly decreased activity and increased refuge use when predators were present. The proportion of active time tadpoles spent feeding was significantly greater in predator treatments, suggesting tadpoles adaptively balance the conflicting demands of foraging and predator avoidance without making apparent trade-offs. Tadpoles responded to simulated drying conditions by accelerating development. Pond drying did not modify microhabitat use or activity in the presence of predators, suggesting tadpoles perceived predation and hunger as greater immediate threats than desiccation, and did not take more risks.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.1670/0022-1511(2002)036[0627:TBFAPA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bridges, C.M., 2002, Tadpoles balance foraging and predator avoidance: Effects of predation, pond drying, and hunger: Journal of Herpetology, v. 36, no. 4, p. 627-634, https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2002)036[0627:TBFAPA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"627","endPage":"634","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3b0e4b08c986b31fe07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bridges, Christine M.","contributorId":173847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bridges","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024241,"text":"70024241 - 2002 - A step increase in streamflow in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-19T15:59:12.18733","indexId":"70024241","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A step increase in streamflow in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Annual minimum, median, and maximum daily streamflow for 400 sites in the conterminous United States (U.S.), measured during 1941-1999, were examined to identify the temporal and spatial character of changes in streamflow statistics. Results indicate a noticeable increase in annual minimum and median daily streamflow around 1970, and a less significant mixed pattern of increases and decreases in annual maximum daily streamflow. These changes in annual streamflow statistics primarily occurred in the eastern U.S. In addition, the streamflow increases appear as a step change rather than as a gradual trend and coincide with an increase in precipitation.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2002GL015999","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., and Wolock, D., 2002, A step increase in streamflow in the conterminous United States: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 29, no. 24, p. 38-1-38-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015999.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"38-1","endPage":"38-4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478621,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gl015999","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      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              48.37971\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.12,\n                48.04\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.58736,\n                47.096\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.34,\n                47.36\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.5,\n                48.18\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.84,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -120,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.03121,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -116.04818,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -113,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -110.05,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -107.05,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -104.04826,\n       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0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, D.M. 0000-0002-6209-938X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":36601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024073,"text":"70024073 - 2002 - Movement of atrazine and deethylatrazine through a midwestern reservoir","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T09:30:33","indexId":"70024073","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2136,"text":"Journal - American Water Works Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement of atrazine and deethylatrazine through a midwestern reservoir","docAbstract":"The three-dimensional visualization of atrazine and deethylatrazine in a reservoir was determined by five \"snapshots\" over a one-year period using immunoassay analyses, confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and visualized with a three-dimensional computer program. The surveys were conducted in Perry Lake in Kansas and showed that spring runoff laden with triazine herbicides entered the reservoir and did not mix immediately. Concentrations varied threefold between the inlet and the public water supply intakes located at the opposite end of the reservoir. The concentration range in the outflow varied much less than the concentration in the reservoir because of mixing throughout the season near the dam and outflow. A major conclusion from the study was that multiple analyses by a low-cost immunoassay technique coupled with computer visualization software gave a good three-dimensional view of the mass of herbicide present in a drinking water reservoir.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.2002.tb10230.x","issn":"0003150X","usgsCitation":"Fallon, J.D., Tierney, D., and Thurman, E., 2002, Movement of atrazine and deethylatrazine through a midwestern reservoir: Journal - American Water Works Association, v. 94, no. 11, p. 54-66, https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2002.tb10230.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"66","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f18e4b0c8380cd70d7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fallon, J. D.","contributorId":57478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tierney, D.P.","contributorId":84539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tierney","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024211,"text":"70024211 - 2002 - Methane hydrate in the global organic carbon cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70024211","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3531,"text":"Terra Nova","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methane hydrate in the global organic carbon cycle","docAbstract":"The global occurrence of methane hydrate in outer continental margins and in polar regions, and the magnitude of the amount of methane sequestered in methane hydrate suggest that methane hydrate is an important component in the global organic carbon cycle. Various versions of this cycle have emphasized the importance of methane hydrate, and in the latest version the role of methane hydrate is considered to be analogous to the workings of an electrical circuit. In this circuit the methane hydrate is a condenser and the consequences of methane hydrate dissociation are depicted as a resistor and inductor, reflecting temperature change and changes in earth surface history. These consequences may have implications for global change including global climate change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Terra Nova","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-3121.2002.00414.x","issn":"09544879","usgsCitation":"Kvenvolden, K., 2002, Methane hydrate in the global organic carbon cycle: Terra Nova, v. 14, no. 5, p. 302-306, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3121.2002.00414.x.","startPage":"302","endPage":"306","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207156,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3121.2002.00414.x"},{"id":231841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a552ae4b0c8380cd6d150","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024210,"text":"70024210 - 2002 - Linker-assisted immunoassay and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for the analysis of glyphosate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T08:35:36","indexId":"70024210","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linker-assisted immunoassay and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for the analysis of glyphosate","docAbstract":"<p>A novel, sensitive, linker-assisted enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (L'ELISA) was compared to on-line solidphase extraction (SPE) with high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) for the analysis of glyphosate in surface water and groundwater samples. The L'ELISA used succinic anhydride to derivatize glyphosate, which mimics the epitotic attachment of glyphosate to horseradish peroxidase hapten. Thus, L'ELISA recognized the derivatized glyphosate more effectively (detection limit of 0.1 μg/L) and with increased sensitivity (10-100 times) over conventional ELISA and showed the potential for other applications. The precision and accuracy of L'ELISA then was compared with on-line SPE/HPLC/MS, which detected glyphosate and its degradate derivatized with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate using negative-ion electrospray (detection limit 0.1 μg/L, relative standard deviation ±15%). Derivatization efficiency and matrix effects were minimized by adding an isotope-labeled glyphosate (2-<sup>13</sup>C<sup>15</sup>N). The accuracy of L'ELISA gave a false positive rate of 18% between 0.1 and 1.0 μg/L and a false positive rate of only 1% above 1.0 μg/L. The relative standard deviation was ±20%. The correlation of L'ELISA and HPLC/MS for 66 surface water and groundwater samples was 0.97 with a slope of 1.28, with many detections of glyphosate and its degradate in surface water but not in groundwater.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/ac020208y","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Lee, E., Zimmerman, L., Bhullar, B., and Thurman, E., 2002, Linker-assisted immunoassay and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for the analysis of glyphosate: Analytical Chemistry, v. 74, no. 19, p. 4937-4943, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac020208y.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4937","endPage":"4943","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231840,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207155,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac020208y"}],"volume":"74","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47cee4b0c8380cd679b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, E.A.","contributorId":48608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, L.R.","contributorId":28624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bhullar, B.S.","contributorId":107879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhullar","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024079,"text":"70024079 - 2002 - An index of biological integrity for northern Mid-Atlantic Slope drainages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70024079","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An index of biological integrity for northern Mid-Atlantic Slope drainages","docAbstract":"An index of biological integrity (IBI) was developed for streams in the Hudson, Delaware, and Susquehanna River drainages in the northeastern United States based on fish assemblage data from the Mohawk River drainage of New York. The original IBI, developed for streams in the U.S. Midwest, was modified to reflect the assemblage composition and structure present in Mid-Atlantic Slope drainages. We replaced several of the Midwestern IBI metrics and criteria scores because fishes common to the Midwest are absent from or poorly represented in the Northeast and because stream fish assemblages in the Northeast are less rich than those in the Midwest. For all replacement metrics we followed the ecology-based rationale used in the development of each of the metrics of the Midwestern IBI so that the basic theoretical underpinnings of the IBI remained unchanged. The validity of this modified IBI is demonstrated by examining the quality of streams in the Hudson, Delaware, and lower Susquehanna River basins. The relationships between the IBI and other indicators of environmental quality are examined using data on assemblages of fish and benthic macroinvertebrates and on chemical and physical stream characteristics obtained during 1993-2000 by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program in these three river basins. A principal components analysis (PCA) of chemical and physical variables from 27 sites resulted in an environmental quality gradient as the primary PCA axis (eigenvalue, 0.41 ). Principal components analysis site scores were significantly correlated with such benthic macroinvertebrate metrics as the percentage of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera taxa (Spearman R = -0.66, P < 0.001). Index of biological integrity scores for sites in these three river basins were significantly correlated with this environmental quality gradient (Spearman R = -0.78, P = 0.0001). The northern Mid-Atlantic Slope IBI appears to be sensitive to environmental degradation in all three of the river basins addressed in this study. Adjustment of metric scoring criteria may be warranted, depending on composition of fish species in streams in the study area and on the relative effort used in the collection of fish assemblage data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<1044:AIOBIF>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Daniels, R., Riva-Murray, K., Halliwell, D., Vana-Miller, D.L., and Bilger, M.D., 2002, An index of biological integrity for northern Mid-Atlantic Slope drainages: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 131, no. 6, p. 1044-1060, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<1044:AIOBIF>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1044","endPage":"1060","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207042,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<1044:AIOBIF>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":231601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea77e4b0c8380cd4889f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daniels, R.A.","contributorId":34290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniels","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riva-Murray, K.","contributorId":82481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riva-Murray","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halliwell, D.B.","contributorId":90904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halliwell","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vana-Miller, D. L.","contributorId":55998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vana-Miller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bilger, Michael D.","contributorId":14861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bilger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024082,"text":"70024082 - 2002 - The flora of Oktibbeha County, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-24T07:08:41","indexId":"70024082","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3322,"text":"SIDA, Contributions to Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The flora of Oktibbeha County, Mississippi","docAbstract":"We surveyed the flora of Oktibbeha County, Mississippi, U.S.A., from February 1994 to 1996. Occupying 118 square kilometers in east-central Mississippi, Oktibbeha County lies among 3 physiographic regions that include, from west to east, Interior Flatwoods, Pontotoc Ridge, and Black Prairie. Accordingly, the county harbors a diverse flora. Based on field work, as well as an extensive review of published literature and herbarium records at IBE and MISSA, we recorded a total of 1,148 taxa (1,125 species, 7 hybrids, 16 infraspecific taxa) belonging to 514 genera in 160 families, over 85% of all taxa documented were native. Compared to 3 other counties in east-central Mississippi, Oktibbeha County has the second largest recorded flora. The number of state-listed (endangered, threatened, or of special concern) taxa (67) documented in this survey far exceeds that reported from any other county in the region. Three introduced species, Ilex cornuta Lindl. & Paxton, Mahonia bealei (Fortune) Carrie??re, and Nandina domestica Thunb., are reported in a naturalized state for the first time from Mississippi. We also describe 16 different plant communities belonging to 5 broad habitat categories: bottomland forests, upland forests and prairies, aquatic habitats, seepage areas, and human-influenced habitats. A detailed description of the vegetation associated with each of these communities is provided.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"SIDA, Contributions to Botany","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00361488","usgsCitation":"Leidolf, A., McDaniel, S., and Nuttle, T., 2002, The flora of Oktibbeha County, Mississippi: SIDA, Contributions to Botany, v. 20, no. 2, p. 691-765.","startPage":"691","endPage":"765","numberOfPages":"75","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269879,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9309044"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac12e4b08c986b32325a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leidolf, A.","contributorId":54760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leidolf","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDaniel, S.","contributorId":84111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDaniel","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nuttle, T.","contributorId":53985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuttle","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024077,"text":"70024077 - 2002 - River discharge measurements by using helicopter-mounted radar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-15T12:30:33","indexId":"70024077","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River discharge measurements by using helicopter-mounted radar","docAbstract":"The United States Geological Survey and the University of Washington collaborated on a series of initial experiments on the Lewis, Toutle, and Cowlitz Rivers during September 2000 and a detailed experiment on the Cowlitz River during May 2001 to determine the feasibility of using helicopter-mounted radar to measure river discharge. Surface velocities were measured using a pulsed Doppler radar, and river depth was measured using ground-penetrating radar. Surface velocities were converted to mean velocities, and horizontal registration of both velocity and depth measurements enabled the calculation of river discharge. The magnitude of the uncertainty in velocity and depth indicate that the method error is in the range of 5 percent. The results of this experiment indicate that helicopter-mounted radar can make the rapid, accurate discharge measurements that are needed in remote locations and during regional floods.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002GL015525","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Melcher, N., Costa, J.E., Haeni, F., Cheng, R.T., Thurman, E., Buursink, M., Spicer, K., Hayes, E., Plant, W., Keller, W., and Hayes, K., 2002, River discharge measurements by using helicopter-mounted radar: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 29, no. 22, p. 41-1-41-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015525.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"41-1","endPage":"41-4","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478713,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gl015525","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Castle Rock","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.26660156249999,\n              45.58713413436411\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.53326416015624,\n              45.58713413436411\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.53326416015624,\n              46.30709840788667\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.26660156249999,\n              46.30709840788667\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.26660156249999,\n              45.58713413436411\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aadaae4b0c8380cd86f4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Melcher, N.B.","contributorId":71554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcher","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Costa, J. E.","contributorId":28977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Buursink, M. 0000-0001-6491-386X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6491-386X","contributorId":51947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buursink","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Spicer, K.R.","contributorId":67230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hayes, E.","contributorId":29158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Plant, W.J.","contributorId":101409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Keller, W.C.","contributorId":49140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hayes, K.","contributorId":55178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70024190,"text":"70024190 - 2002 - Recruitment variation of crappies in response to hydrology of Tennessee reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:15","indexId":"70024190","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recruitment variation of crappies in response to hydrology of Tennessee reservoirs","docAbstract":"Black crappies Pomoxis nigromaculatus and white crappies P. annularis were sampled to index recruitment in seven Tennessee reservoirs (four main-stem and three tributary storage impoundments). Crappie recruitment in tributary storage impoundments appeared to be consistently higher in years of high discharge during the prespawn period (1 January-31 March). A similar relation was found in one main-stem impoundment; however, crappie recruitment in two main-stem impoundments was inversely related to discharge during the spawning period (1 April-30 May), and little recruitment variation was found in the fourth main-stem impoundment. In general, reservoir hydrology appeared to have a stronger effect on crappie recruitment in tributary storage impoundments than in main-stem impoundments, possibly because recruitment was more variable in tributary systems. Thus, it is likely that crappie populations will rarely have strong year-classes simultaneously over a wide geographic area or even within a single watershed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1393:RVOCIR>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Sammons, S., Bettoli, P., Isermann, D., and Churchill, T., 2002, Recruitment variation of crappies in response to hydrology of Tennessee reservoirs: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 22, no. 4, p. 1393-1398, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1393:RVOCIR>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1393","endPage":"1398","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207026,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1393:RVOCIR>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a358e4b0e8fec6cdb833","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sammons, S.M.","contributorId":88513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sammons","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bettoli, P.W.","contributorId":80606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettoli","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Isermann, D.A.","contributorId":33480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isermann","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Churchill, T.N.","contributorId":12233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Churchill","given":"T.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024188,"text":"70024188 - 2002 - High-resolution image of Calaveras Fault seismicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T16:09:22.331795","indexId":"70024188","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution image of Calaveras Fault seismicity","docAbstract":"<p><span>By measuring relative earthquake arrival times using waveform cross correlation and locating earthquakes using the double difference technique, we are able to reduce hypocentral errors by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude over routine locations for nearly 8000 events along a 35-km section of the Calaveras Fault. This represents ∼92% of all seismicity since 1984 and includes the rupture zone of the&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;6.2 1984 Morgan Hill, California, earthquake. The relocated seismicity forms highly organized structures that were previously obscured by location errors. There are abundant repeating earthquake sequences as well as linear clusters of earthquakes. Large voids in seismicity appear with dimensions of kilometers that have been aseismic over the 30-year time interval, suggesting that these portions of the fault are either locked or creeping. The area of greatest slip in the Morgan Hill main shock coincides with the most prominent of these voids, suggesting that this part of the fault may be locked between large earthquakes. We find that the Calaveras Fault at depth is extremely thin, with an average upper bound on fault zone width of 75 m. Given the location error, however, this width is not resolvably different from zero. The relocations reveal active secondary faults, which we use to solve for the stress field in the immediate vicinity of the Calaveras Fault. We find that the maximum compressive stress is at a high angle, only 13° from the fault normal, supporting previous interpretations that this fault is weak.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000633","usgsCitation":"Schaff, D.P., Bokelmann, G.H., Beroza, G., Waldhause, F., and Ellsworth, W.L., 2002, High-resolution image of Calaveras Fault seismicity: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B9, p. ESE 5-1-ESE 5-16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000633.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"ESE 5-1","endPage":"ESE 5-16","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478790,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d8251g84","text":"External Repository"},{"id":231532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Calaveras Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.76971435546874,\n              36.82687474287728\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.30279541015624,\n              36.82687474287728\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.30279541015624,\n              37.26968150969715\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.76971435546874,\n              37.26968150969715\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.76971435546874,\n              36.82687474287728\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-09-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a310ce4b0c8380cd5dbb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaff, D. P.","contributorId":99331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaff","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bokelmann, G. H. R.","contributorId":64422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bokelmann","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beroza, G. C.","contributorId":95626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beroza","given":"G. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waldhause, Felix","contributorId":50822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldhause","given":"Felix","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024187,"text":"70024187 - 2002 - δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>18</sup>O isotopic composition of CaCO<sub>3</sub> measured by continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry: statistical evaluation and verification by application to Devils Hole core DH-11 calcite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-11T09:53:30","indexId":"70024187","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3233,"text":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>18</sup>O isotopic composition of CaCO<sub>3</sub> measured by continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry: statistical evaluation and verification by application to Devils Hole core DH-11 calcite","docAbstract":"<p><span>A new method was developed to analyze the stable carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of small samples (400 &plusmn; 20 &micro;g) of calcium carbonate. This new method streamlines the classical phosphoric acid/calcium carbonate (H</span><sub>3</sub><span>PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>/CaCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>) reaction method by making use of a recently available Thermoquest-Finnigan GasBench II preparation device and a Delta Plus XL continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Conditions for which the H</span><sub>3</sub><span>PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>/CaCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;reaction produced reproducible and accurate results with minimal error had to be determined. When the acid/carbonate reaction temperature was kept at 26&thinsp;&deg;C and the reaction time was between 24 and 54 h, the precision of the carbon and oxygen isotope ratios for pooled samples from three reference standard materials was &le;0.1 and &le;0.2 per mill or &permil;, respectively, although later analysis showed that materials from one specific standard required reaction time between 34 and 54 h for &delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O to achieve this level of precision. Aliquot screening methods were shown to further minimize the total error. The accuracy and precision of the new method were analyzed and confirmed by statistical analysis. The utility of the method was verified by analyzing calcite from Devils Hole, Nevada, for which isotope-ratio values had previously been obtained by the classical method. Devils Hole core DH-11 recently had been re-cut and re-sampled, and isotope-ratio values were obtained using the new method. The results were comparable with those obtained by the classical method with correlation = +0.96 for both isotope ratios. The consistency of the isotopic results is such that an alignment offset could be identified in the re-sampled core material, and two cutting errors that occurred during re-sampling then were confirmed independently. This result indicates that the new method is a viable alternative to the classical reaction method. In particular, the new method requires less sample material permitting finer resolution and allows automation of some processes resulting in considerable time savings.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rcm.833","issn":"09514198","usgsCitation":"Revesz, K.M., and Landwehr, J.M., 2002, δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>18</sup>O isotopic composition of CaCO<sub>3</sub> measured by continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry: statistical evaluation and verification by application to Devils Hole core DH-11 calcite: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 16, no. 22, p. 2102-2114, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.833.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2102","endPage":"2114","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207282,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.833"}],"volume":"16","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5551d2c1e4b0a92fa7e93c26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Revesz, Kinga M. krevesz@usgs.gov","contributorId":506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revesz","given":"Kinga","email":"krevesz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":400322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landwehr, Jurate M. jmlandwe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landwehr","given":"Jurate","email":"jmlandwe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":400321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024086,"text":"70024086 - 2002 - Energy resource potential of natural gas hydrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-08T14:44:26.129128","indexId":"70024086","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Energy resource potential of natural gas hydrates","docAbstract":"<p class=\"abstractnoin\">The discovery of large gas hydrate accumulations in terrestrial permafrost regions of the Arctic and beneath the sea along the outer continental margins of the world's oceans has heightened interest in gas hydrates as a possible energy resource. However, significant to potentially insurmountable technical issues must be resolved be fore gas hydrates can be considered a viable option for affordable supplies of natural gas.</p><p class=\"abstract\">The combined information from Arctic gas hydrate studies shows that, in permafrost regions, gas hydrates may exist at subsurface depths ranging from about 130 to 2000 m. The presence of gas hydrates in offshore continental margins has been inferred mainly from anomalous seismic reflectors, known as bottom-simulating reflectors, that have been mapped at depths below the sea floor ranging from about 100 to 1100 m. Current estimates of the amount of gas in the world's marine and permafrost gas hydrate accumulations are in rough accord at about 20,000 trillion m<sup>3</sup>.</p><p class=\"abstract\">Disagreements over fundamental issues such as the volume of gas stored within delineated gas hydrate accumulations and the concentration of gas hydrates within hydrate-bearing strata have demonstrated that we know little about gas hydrates. Recently, however, several countries, including Japan, India, and the United States, have launched ambitious national projects to further examine the resource potential of gas hydrates. These projects may help answer key questions dealing with the properties of gas hydrate reservoirs, the design of production systems, and, most important, the costs and economics of gas hydrate production.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.1306/61EEDDD2-173E-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., 2002, Energy resource potential of natural gas hydrates: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 86, no. 11, p. 1971-1992, https://doi.org/10.1306/61EEDDD2-173E-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1971","endPage":"1992","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a094ce4b0c8380cd51e6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024066,"text":"70024066 - 2002 - Deep arid system hydrodynamics 2. Application to paleohydrologic reconstruction using vadose zone profiles from the northern Mojave Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T10:45:28","indexId":"70024066","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep arid system hydrodynamics 2. Application to paleohydrologic reconstruction using vadose zone profiles from the northern Mojave Desert","docAbstract":"<p><span>Site‐specific numerical modeling of four sites in two arid alluvial basins within the Nevada Test Site employs a conceptual model of deep arid system hydrodynamics that includes vapor transport, the role of xeric vegetation, and long‐term surface boundary transients. Surface boundary sequences, spanning 110 kyr, that best reproduce measured chloride concentration and matric potential profiles from four deep (230–460 m) boreholes concur with independent paleohydrologic and paleoecological records from the region. Simulations constrain a pluvial period associated with infiltration of 2–5 mm yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>at 14–13 ka and denote a shift linked to the establishment of desert vegetation at 13–9.5 ka. Retrodicted moisture flux histories inferred from modeling results differ significantly from those determined using the conventional chloride mass balance approach that assumes only downward advection. The modeling approach developed here represents a significant advance in the use of deep vadose zone profile data from arid regions to recover detailed paleohydrologic and current hydrologic information.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001WR000825","usgsCitation":"Walvoord, M.A., Phillips, F.M., Tyler, S.W., and Hartsough, P.C., 2002, Deep arid system hydrodynamics 2. Application to paleohydrologic reconstruction using vadose zone profiles from the northern Mojave Desert: Water Resources Research, v. 38, no. 12, p. 27-1-27-12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR000825.","productDescription":"1291; 12 p.","startPage":"27-1","endPage":"27-12","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","volume":"38","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe1ce4b0c8380cd4eb1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":399880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Fred M.","contributorId":57957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tyler, Scott W.","contributorId":188141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tyler","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hartsough, Peter C.","contributorId":188044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hartsough","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024145,"text":"70024145 - 2002 - Evaluation of Brucella abortus strain RB51 and strain 19 in pronghorn antelope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70024145","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluation of Brucella abortus strain RB51 and strain 19 in pronghorn antelope","docAbstract":"Free-roaming elk and bison in the Greater Yellowstone Area remain the only wildlife reservoirs for Brucella abortus in the United States, and the large number of animals and a lack of holding facilities make it unreasonable to individually vaccinate each animal. Therefore, oral delivery is being proposed as a possible option to vaccinate these wild ungulates. One of the main problems associated with oral vaccination is the potential exposure of nontarget species to the vaccines. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two Brucella vaccines, strain 19 (S19) and the rough strain RB51 (SRB51), in pregnant pronghorn antelope. We conclude that S19 and SRB51 rarely colonize maternal and fetal tissues of pregnant pronghorn and were not associated with fetal death. Oral delivery of either vaccine at this dose appears to be nonhazardous to pregnant pronghorn.","largerWorkTitle":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","language":"English","issn":"00778923","usgsCitation":"Elzer, P., Smith, J., Roffe, T., Kreeger, T., Edwards, J., and Davis, D., 2002, Evaluation of Brucella abortus strain RB51 and strain 19 in pronghorn antelope, <i>in</i> Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, v. 969, p. 102-105.","startPage":"102","endPage":"105","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"969","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c10e4b0c8380cd52a09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elzer, P.H.","contributorId":18538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elzer","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, J.","contributorId":95013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roffe, T.","contributorId":91051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roffe","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kreeger, T.","contributorId":105879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreeger","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edwards, J.","contributorId":91241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davis, D.","contributorId":85747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70024064,"text":"70024064 - 2002 - Discharge of debris from ice at the margin of the Greenland ice sheet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-03T13:26:51.112212","indexId":"70024064","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discharge of debris from ice at the margin of the Greenland ice sheet","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sediment production at a terrestrial section of the ice-sheet margin in West Greenland is dominated by debris released through the basal ice layer. The debris flux through the basal ice at the margin is estimated to be 12–45 m</span><span class=\"sup\">3</span><span>&nbsp;m</span><span class=\"sup\">−1</span><span>&nbsp;a</span><span class=\"sup\">−1</span><span>. This is three orders of magnitude higher than that previously reported for East Antarctica, an order of magnitude higher than sites reported from in Norway, Iceland and Switzerland, but an order of magnitude lower than values previously reported from tidewater glaciers in Alaska and other high-rate environments such as surging glaciers. At our site, only negligible amounts of debris are released through englacial, supraglacial or subglacial sediment transfer. Glaciofluvial sediment production is highly localized, and long sections of the ice-sheet margin receive no sediment from glaciofluvial sources. These findings differ from those of studies at more temperate glacial settings where glaciofluvial routes are dominant and basal ice contributes only a minor percentage of the debris released at the margin. These data on debris flux through the terrestrial margin of an outlet glacier contribute to our limited knowledge of debris production from the Greenland ice sheet.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.3189/172756502781831359","usgsCitation":"Knight, P.G., Waller, R.I., Patterson, C.J., Jones, A.P., and Robinson, Z.P., 2002, Discharge of debris from ice at the margin of the Greenland ice sheet: Journal of Glaciology, v. 48, no. 161, p. 192-198, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756502781831359.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"192","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478732,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/172756502781831359","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Greenland","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -54.16259765625,\n              65.33017791526855\n            ],\n            [\n              -49.50439453124999,\n              65.33017791526855\n            ],\n            [\n              -49.50439453124999,\n              68.71246485443844\n            ],\n            [\n              -54.16259765625,\n              68.71246485443844\n            ],\n            [\n              -54.16259765625,\n              65.33017791526855\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"161","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01e1e4b0c8380cd4fd8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knight, P. G.","contributorId":68924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knight","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waller, R. I.","contributorId":55179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waller","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patterson, C. J.","contributorId":87314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, A. P.","contributorId":47547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robinson, Z. P.","contributorId":93242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024098,"text":"70024098 - 2002 - Magma storage prior to the 1912 eruption at Novarupta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-23T17:22:04.434667","indexId":"70024098","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magma storage prior to the 1912 eruption at Novarupta, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>New analytical and experimental data constrain the storage and equilibration conditions of the magmas erupted in 1912 from Novarupta in the 20th century's largest volcanic event. Phase relations at H<sub>2</sub>O+CO<sub>2</sub> fluid saturation were determined for an andesite (58.7 wt% SiO<sub>2</sub>) and a dacite (67.7 wt%) from the compositional extremes of intermediate magmas erupted. The phase assemblages, matrix melt composition and modes of natural andesite were reproduced experimentally under H<sub>2</sub>O-saturated conditions (i.e., P<sub>H2O</sub>=P<sub>TOT</sub>) in a negatively sloping region in T-P space from 930 <strong>°</strong>C/100 MPa to 960 <strong>°</strong>C/75 MPa with <i>f</i>O<sub>2</sub>~N NO + 1. The H<sub>2</sub>O-saturated equilibration conditions of the dacite are constrained to a T-P region from 850 <strong>°</strong>C/ 50 MPa to 880 <strong>°</strong>C/25 MPa. If H<sub>2</sub>O-saturated, these magmas equilibrated at (and above) the level where coerupted rhyolite equilibrated (~100 MPa), suggesting that the andesite-dacite magma reservoir was displaced laterally rather than vertically from the rhyolite magma body. Natural mineral and melt compositions of intermediate magmas were also reproduced experimentally under saturation conditions with a mixed (H<sub>2</sub>O + CO<sub>2</sub>) fluid for the same range in P<sub>H2O</sub>. Thus, a storage model in which vertically stratified mafic to silicic intermediate magmas underlay H<sub>2</sub>O-saturated rhyolite is consistent with experimental findings only if the intermediates have X<sub>H2O</sub>fl=0.7 and 0.9 for the extreme compositions, respectively. Disequilibrium features in natural pumice and scoria include pristine minerals existing outside their stability fields, and compositional zoning of titanomagnetite in contact with ilmenite. Variable rates of chemical equilibration which would eliminate these features constrain the apparent thermal excursion and re-distribution of minerals to the time scale of days.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00410-002-0393-2","usgsCitation":"Hammer, J., Rutherford, M., and Hildreth, W., 2002, Magma storage prior to the 1912 eruption at Novarupta, Alaska: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 144, no. 2, p. 144-162, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-002-0393-2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"144","endPage":"162","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Novarupta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.3466796875,\n              58.14896803443219\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.95117187499997,\n              58.14896803443219\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.95117187499997,\n              58.238717823301876\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3466796875,\n              58.238717823301876\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3466796875,\n              58.14896803443219\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"144","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b3ce4b0c8380cd693ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammer, J.E.","contributorId":8246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammer","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rutherford, M.J.","contributorId":103039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hildreth, W. 0000-0002-7925-4251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":100487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024056,"text":"70024056 - 2002 - Conceptual uncertainty in crystalline bedrock: Is simple evaluation the only practical approach?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70024056","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":649,"text":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conceptual uncertainty in crystalline bedrock: Is simple evaluation the only practical approach?","docAbstract":"A simple evaluation can be used to characterise the capacity of crystalline bedrock to act as a barrier to releases of radionuclides from a nuclear waste repository. Physically plausible bounds on groundwater flow and an effective transport-resistance parameter are estimated based on fundamental principles and idealised models of pore geometry. Application to an intensively characterised site in Sweden shows that, due to high spatial variability and uncertainty regarding properties of transport paths, the uncertainty associated with the geological barrier is too high to allow meaningful discrimination between good and poor performance. Application of more complex (stochastic-continuum and discrete-fracture-network) models does not yield a significant improvement in the resolution of geologic-barrier performance. Comparison with seven other less intensively characterised crystalline study sites in Sweden leads to similar results, raising a question as to what extent the geological barrier function can be characterised by state-of-the art site investigation methods prior to repository construction. A simple evaluation provides a simple and robust practical approach for inclusion in performance assessment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Czech","issn":"00017132","usgsCitation":"Geier, J., Voss, C., and Dverstorp, B., 2002, Conceptual uncertainty in crystalline bedrock: Is simple evaluation the only practical approach?: Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica, v. 46, no. 2-3, p. 544-548.","startPage":"544","endPage":"548","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9abe4b0c8380cd4d706","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geier, J.","contributorId":33488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geier","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voss, C.I.","contributorId":79515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dverstorp, B.","contributorId":82490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dverstorp","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015241,"text":"1015241 - 2002 - Influences of spatial and temporal variation on fish-habitat relationships defined by regression quantiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-26T12:31:38","indexId":"1015241","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influences of spatial and temporal variation on fish-habitat relationships defined by regression quantiles","docAbstract":"<p>We used regression quantiles to model potentially limiting relationships between the standing crop of cutthroat trout <i>Oncorhynchus clarki</i> and measures of stream channel morphology. Regression quantile models indicated that variation in fish density was inversely related to the width:depth ratio of streams but not to stream width or depth alone. The spatial and temporal stability of model predictions were examined across years and streams, respectively. Variation in fish density with width:depth ratio (10th-90th regression quantiles) modeled for streams sampled in 1993-1997 predicted the variation observed in 1998-1999, indicating similar habitat relationships across years. Both linear and nonlinear models described the limiting relationships well, the latter performing slightly better. Although estimated relationships were transferable in time, results were strongly dependent on the influence of spatial variation in fish density among streams. Density changes with width:depth ratio in a single stream were responsible for the significant (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.10) negative slopes estimated for the higher quantiles (&gt;80th). This suggests that stream-scale factors other than width:depth ratio play a more direct role in determining population density. Much of the variation in densities of cutthroat trout among streams was attributed to the occurrence of nonnative brook trout <i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i> (a possible competitor) or connectivity to migratory habitats. Regression quantiles can be useful for estimating the effects of limiting factors when ecological responses are highly variable, but our results indicate that spatiotemporal variability in the data should be explicitly considered. In this study, data from individual streams and stream-specific characteristics (e.g., the occurrence of nonnative species and habitat connectivity) strongly affected our interpretation of the relationship between width:depth ratio and fish density.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0086:IOSATV>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Dunham, J., Cade, B., and Terrell, J., 2002, Influences of spatial and temporal variation on fish-habitat relationships defined by regression quantiles: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 131, no. 1, p. 86-98, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0086:IOSATV>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"86","endPage":"98","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee546","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunham, J. B. 0000-0002-6268-0633","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":96637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cade, B.S.","contributorId":47315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Terrell, J.W.","contributorId":15975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrell","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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