{"pageNumber":"2997","pageRowStart":"74900","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70187586,"text":"70187586 - 2002 - Snow geese","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70187586,"text":"70187586 - 2002 - Snow geese","indexId":"70187586","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"9","title":"Snow geese"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T21:25:24","indexId":"70187586","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9,"text":"Biological Science Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2002-0001","chapter":"9","title":"Snow geese","docAbstract":"<p>Part of the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, is used as an autumn staging area by lesser snow geese (<i>Chen caerulescens caerulescens</i>) from the Western Canadian Arctic population (hereafter called the Western Arctic population). There were approximately 200,000 breeding adults in the Western Arctic population through the mid-1980s (Johnson and Herter 1989), but the population has recently increased to about 500,000 breeding adults (Kerbes et al. 1999).</p><p>Early in their autumn migration, adult and juvenile snow geese from the Western Arctic population feed intensively while staging on the Beaufort Sea coastal plain in Canada and Alaska to build fat reserves needed for migration. Aerial censuses from 1973 to 1985 indicated that up to 600,000 adult and juvenile snow geese used the coastal plain for 2-4 weeks in late August until mid-September (Oates et al. 1987).</p><p>We studied annual variation in numbers and spatial distribution of snow geese that staged on the coastal plain of the Arctic Refuge.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries (Biological Science Report USGS/BRD/BSR-2002-0001)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Hupp, J.W., Robertson, D.G., and Brackney, A.W., 2002, Snow geese: Biological Science Report 2002-0001, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"74","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341018,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Refuge Coastal Plain, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.5947265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.5947265625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d53be4b0e541a03d453b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694651,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Patricia E.","contributorId":71056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694652,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rhode, E. B.","contributorId":73156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhode","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694653,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Donna G.","contributorId":29965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brackney, Alan W.","contributorId":60982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brackney","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024382,"text":"70024382 - 2002 - In situ osmotic analyzer for the year-long continuous determination of Fe in hydrothermal systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024382","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":760,"text":"Analytica Chimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ osmotic analyzer for the year-long continuous determination of Fe in hydrothermal systems","docAbstract":"A submersible osmotically pumped analyzer (Fe-OsmoAnalyzer) has been adapted for the long-term continuous high resolution monitoring of iron(II) and (III) in deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Ferrozine is used as the colorimetric reagent. The detection limit for our analyzer is 0.1??M for a 0.7cm pathlength with a linear response up to 50??M. The Fe-OsmoAnalyzer uses periodic injections of standards and blanks to self calibrate and can operate unattended for over a year collecting data every 15min. The Fe-OsmoAnalyzer was field tested during a 6 week test deployment at 900m in Monterey Bay and a year-long deployment at 1100m off the coast of Hawaii. A second year-long deployment in a low temperature hydrothermal vent on the Juan de Fuca Ridge provided high resolution continuous monitoring of Fe and was able to distinguish tidally influenced fluctuations in Fe concentrations. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analytica Chimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0003-2670(02)00423-3","issn":"00032670","usgsCitation":"Chapin, T., Jannasch, H., and Johnson, K., 2002, In situ osmotic analyzer for the year-long continuous determination of Fe in hydrothermal systems: Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 463, no. 2, p. 265-274, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(02)00423-3.","startPage":"265","endPage":"274","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207179,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(02)00423-3"},{"id":231891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"463","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39a9e4b0c8380cd619cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapin, T.P. 0000-0001-6587-0734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6587-0734","contributorId":24142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapin","given":"T.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jannasch, H.W.","contributorId":89665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jannasch","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, K.S.","contributorId":24385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024790,"text":"70024790 - 2002 - Transport and fate of nitrate in a glacial outwash aquifer in relation to ground water age, land use practices, and redox processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-28T16:57:10.078582","indexId":"70024790","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport and fate of nitrate in a glacial outwash aquifer in relation to ground water age, land use practices, and redox processes","docAbstract":"<p><span>A combination of ground water modeling, chemical and dissolved gas analyses, and chlorofluorocarbon age dating of water was used to determine the relation between changes in agricultural practices, and NO</span><sup>−</sup><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations in ground water of a glacial outwash aquifer in west-central Minnesota. The results revealed a redox zonation throughout the saturated zone with oxygen reduction occurring near the water table, NO</span><sup>−</sup><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;reduction immediately below it, and then a large zone of ferric iron reduction, with a small area of sulfate (SO</span><sup>2−</sup><sub>4</sub><span>) reduction and methanogenesis (CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>) near the end of the transect. Analytical and NETPATH modeling results supported the hypothesis that organic carbon served as the electron donor for the redox reactions. Denitrification rates were quite small, 0.005 to 0.047 mmol NO</span><sup>−</sup><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, and were limited by the small amounts of organic carbon, 0.01 to 1.45%. In spite of the organic carbon limitation, denitrification was virtually complete because residence time is sufficient to allow even slow processes to reach completion. Ground water sample ages showed that maximum residence times were on the order of 50 to 70 yr. Reconstructed NO</span><sup>−</sup><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations, estimated from measured NO</span><sup>−</sup><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;and dissolved N gas showed that NO</span><sup>−</sup><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations have been increasing in the aquifer since the 1940s, and have been above the 714 μmol L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;maximum contaminant level at most sites since the mid- to late-1960s. This increase in NO</span><sup>−</sup><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;has been accompanied by a corresponding increase in agricultural use of fertilizer, identified as the major source of NO</span><sup>−</sup><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;to the aquifer.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2134/jeq2002.7820","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Puckett, L., and Cowdery, T.K., 2002, Transport and fate of nitrate in a glacial outwash aquifer in relation to ground water age, land use practices, and redox processes: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 31, no. 3, p. 782-796, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2002.7820.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"782","endPage":"796","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Big Pine Lake, Little Pine Lake, Otter Tail River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.65727233886717,\n              46.5607488448596\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.43960571289062,\n              46.5607488448596\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.43960571289062,\n              46.68666038407398\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.65727233886717,\n              46.68666038407398\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.65727233886717,\n              46.5607488448596\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb742e4b08c986b32715a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puckett, Larry J. lpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":31739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Larry J.","email":"lpuckett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":402631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cowdery, Timothy K. 0000-0001-9402-6575 cowdery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9402-6575","contributorId":456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowdery","given":"Timothy","email":"cowdery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":402632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024372,"text":"70024372 - 2002 - A comparison of models for estimating the riverine export of nitrogen from large watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024372","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of models for estimating the riverine export of nitrogen from large watersheds","docAbstract":"We evaluated the accuracy of six watershed models of nitrogen export in streams (kg km2 yr-1) developed for use in large watersheds and representing various empirical and quasi-empirical approaches described in the literature. These models differ in their methods of calibration and have varying levels of spatial resolution and process complexity, which potentially affect the accuracy (bias and precision) of the model predictions of nitrogen export and source contributions to export. Using stream monitoring data and detailed estimates of the natural and cultural sources of nitrogen for 16 watersheds in the northeastern United States (drainage sizes = 475 to 70,000 km2), we assessed the accuracy of the model predictions of total nitrogen and nitrate-nitrogen export. The model validation included the use of an error modeling technique to identify biases caused by model deficiencies in quantifying nitrogen sources and biogeochemical processes affecting the transport of nitrogen in watersheds. Most models predicted stream nitrogen export to within 50% of the measured export in a majority of the watersheds. Prediction errors were negatively correlated with cultivated land area, indicating that the watershed models tended to over predict export in less agricultural and more forested watersheds and under predict in more agricultural basins. The magnitude of these biases differed appreciably among the models. Those models having more detailed descriptions of nitrogen sources, land and water attenuation of nitrogen, and water flow paths were found to have considerably lower bias and higher precision in their predictions of nitrogen export.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1015752801818","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Alexander, R.B., Johnes, P., Boyer, E., and Smith, R.A., 2002, A comparison of models for estimating the riverine export of nitrogen from large watersheds: Biogeochemistry, v. 57-58, p. 295-339, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015752801818.","startPage":"295","endPage":"339","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207177,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015752801818"},{"id":231887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57-58","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e36ee4b0c8380cd45ff6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, R. B.","contributorId":108103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnes, P.J.","contributorId":28020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnes","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyer, E.W.","contributorId":56358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6738,"text":"The Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":401039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, R. A.","contributorId":60584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024789,"text":"70024789 - 2002 - The 1999 Mw 7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake: A test of the stress shadow hypothesis?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-24T15:23:12.08291","indexId":"70024789","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1999 Mw 7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake: A test of the stress shadow hypothesis?","docAbstract":"<p>We test the stress shadow hypothesis for large earthquake interactions by examining the relationship between two large earthquakes that occurred in the Mojave Desert of southern California, the 1992 <i>M<sub>w</sub></i> 7.3 Landers and 1999 <i>M<sub>w</sub></i> 7.1 Hector Mine earthquakes. We want to determine if the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake occurred at a location where the Coulomb stress was increased (earthquake advance, stress trigger) or decreased (earthquake delay, stress shadow) by the previous large earthquake. Using four models of the Landers rupture and a range of possible hypocentral planes for the Hector Mine earthquake, we discover that most scenarios yield a Landers-induced relaxation (stress shadow) on the Hector Mine hypocentral plane. Although this result would seem to weigh against the stress shadow hypothesis, the results become considerably more uncertain when the effects of a nearby Landers aftershock, the 1992 <i>M<sub>L</sub></i> 5.4 Pisgah earthquake, are taken into account. We calculate the combined static Coulomb stress changes due to the Landers and Pisgah earthquakes to range from -0.3 to +0.3 MPa (- 3 to +3 bars) at the possible Hector Mine hypocenters, depending on choice of rupture model and hypocenter. These varied results imply that the Hector Mine earthquake does not provide a good test of the stress shadow hypothesis for large earthquake interactions. We use a simple approach, that of static dislocations in an elastic half-space, yet we still obtain a wide range of both negative and positive Coulomb stress changes. Our findings serve as a caution that more complex models purporting to explain the triggering or shadowing relationship between the 1992 Landers and 1999 Hector Mine earthquakes need to also consider the parametric and geometric uncertainties raised here.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120000913","usgsCitation":"Harris, R., and Simpson, R., 2002, The 1999 Mw 7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake: A test of the stress shadow hypothesis?: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 4, p. 1497-1512, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000913.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1497","endPage":"1512","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233141,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Hector Mine","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              34\n            ],\n            [\n              -116,\n              34\n            ],\n            [\n              -116,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              35\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba63fe4b08c986b320fc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, R.A. 0000-0002-9247-0768","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":41849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simpson, R.W.","contributorId":76738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024384,"text":"70024384 - 2002 - Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T08:30:56","indexId":"70024384","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance","docAbstract":"<p>To provide the first nationwide reconnaissance of the occurrence of pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) in water resources, the U.S. Geological Survey used five newly developed analytical methods to measure concentrations of 95 OWCs in water samples from a network of 139 streams across 30 states during 1999 and 2000. The selection of sampling sites was biased toward streams susceptible to contamination (i.e. downstream of intense urbanization and livestock production). OWCs were prevalent during this study, being found in 80% of the streams sampled. The compounds detected represent a wide range of residential, industrial, and agricultural origins and uses with 82 of the 95 OWCs being found during this study. The most frequently detected compounds were coprostanol (fecal steroid), cholesterol (plant and animal steroid), <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-diethyltoluamide (insect repellant), caffeine (stimulant), triclosan (antimicrobial disinfectant), tri(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (fire retardant), and 4-nonylphenol (nonionic detergent metabolite). Measured concentrations for this study were generally low and rarely exceeded drinking-water guidelines, drinking-water health advisories, or aquatic-life criteria. Many compounds, however, do not have such guidelines established. The detection of multiple OWCs was common for this study, with a median of seven and as many as 38 OWCs being found in a given water sample. Little is known about the potential interactive effects (such as synergistic or antagonistic toxicity) that may occur from complex mixtures of OWCs in the environment. In addition, results of this study demonstrate the importance of obtaining data on metabolites to fully understand not only the fate and transport of OWCs in the hydrologic system but also their ultimate overall effect on human health and the environment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es011055j","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D., Furlong, E., Meyer, M.T., Thurman, E., Zaugg, S., Barber, L.B., and Buxton, H., 2002, Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 6, p. 1202-1211, https://doi.org/10.1021/es011055j.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1202","endPage":"1211","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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T. 0000-0002-7305-4603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":98346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, M. T.","contributorId":92279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zaugg, S.D.","contributorId":82811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Buxton, H. T.","contributorId":67873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"H. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70024378,"text":"70024378 - 2002 - Comment on \"How fast is rupture during an earthquake? New insights from the 1999 Turkey earthquakes\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-15T13:47:51.978386","indexId":"70024378","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on \"How fast is rupture during an earthquake? New insights from the 1999 Turkey earthquakes\"","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001GL014126","usgsCitation":"Andrews, D., 2002, Comment on \"How fast is rupture during an earthquake? New insights from the 1999 Turkey earthquakes\": Geophysical Research Letters, v. 29, no. 15, p. 9-1-9-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL014126.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"9-1","endPage":"9-4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478680,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gl014126","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-08-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7e7e4b0c8380cd4cd7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, D.J.","contributorId":7416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024379,"text":"70024379 - 2002 - Mapping the sources of the seismic wave field at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, using data recorded on multiple seismic Antennas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T11:46:48.951238","indexId":"70024379","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping the sources of the seismic wave field at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, using data recorded on multiple seismic Antennas","docAbstract":"Seismic antennas constitute a powerful tool for the analysis of complex wave fields. Well-designed antennas can identify and separate components of a complex wave field based on their distinct propagation properties. The combination of several antennas provides the basis for a more complete understanding of volcanic wave fields, including an estimate of the location of each individual wave-field component identified simultaneously by at least two antennas. We used frequency-slowness analyses of data from three antennas to identify and locate the different components contributing to the wave fields recorded at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, in February 1997. The wave-field components identified are (1) a sustained background volcanic tremor in the form of body waves generated in a shallow hydrothermal system located below the northeastern edge of the Halemaumau pit crater; (2) surface waves generated along the path between this hydrothermal source and the antennas; (3) back-scattered surface wave energy from a shallow reflector located near the southeastern rim of Kilauea caldera; (4) evidence for diffracted wave components originating at the southeastern edge of Halemaumau; and (5) body waves reflecting the activation of a deeper tremor source between 02 hr 00 min and 16 hr 00 min Hawaii Standard Time on 11 February.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020037","usgsCitation":"Almendros, J., Chouet, B., Dawson, P., and Huber, C.G., 2002, Mapping the sources of the seismic wave field at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, using data recorded on multiple seismic Antennas: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 6, p. 2333-2351, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020037.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"2333","endPage":"2351","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.29415130615234,\n              19.392772523819033\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23372650146484,\n              19.392772523819033\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23372650146484,\n              19.441665644565774\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29415130615234,\n              19.441665644565774\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29415130615234,\n              19.392772523819033\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5089e4b0c8380cd6b75f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Almendros, J.","contributorId":73369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almendros","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B.","contributorId":68465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, P. 0000-0003-4065-0588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-0588","contributorId":49529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huber, Caleb G.","contributorId":48823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huber","given":"Caleb","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024383,"text":"70024383 - 2002 - Sources of terrestrially-derived organic carbon in lower Mississippi River and Louisiana shelf sediments: Implications for differential sedimentation and transport at the coastal margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024383","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of terrestrially-derived organic carbon in lower Mississippi River and Louisiana shelf sediments: Implications for differential sedimentation and transport at the coastal margin","docAbstract":"In this study, we examined the temporal and spatial variability of terrestrial organic carbon sources in lower Mississippi River and Louisiana shelf sediments (during 11 cruises over a 22-month period) to further understand the sorting dynamics and selective transport of vascular plant materials within the primary dispersal system of the river. Bulk ??13C values in lower river sediments ranged from -21.90??? to -24.64??? (mean=-23.20??1.09???), these values were generally more depleted than those found in shelf sediments (-22.5??? to -21.2???). The ??8 (??8 = sum of vanillyl, syringyl and cinnamyl phenols produced from the oxidation of 100 mg of organic carbon) values in the lower river ranged from 0.71 to 3.74 (mean = 1.78??0.23). While there was no significant relationship between ??8 and river discharge (p>0.05), the highest value occurred during peak discharge in April 1999-which corresponded to the highest observed C/N value of 17.41. The ??8 values on the shelf ranged from 0.68 to 1.36 (mean = 0.54??0.30) and were significantly lower (p <0.05) than the average value for lower river sediments. The range of S/V (syringyl/vanillyl) and C/V (cinnamyl/vanillyl) ratios on the shelf, 0.11 to 0.95 and 0.01 to 0.08, respectively, were similar to that found in the lower river. These low C/V ratios are indicative a mixture of woody and non-woody carbon sources. Recent work by Goni et al. [Nature 389 (1997) 275; Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62 (1998) 3055], which did not include sampling transects within the primary dispersal system of the Mississippi River, showed a non-woody vascular plant signature on the Louisiana shelf. This suggests that riverine-derived woody tissues preferentially settle out of the water column, in the lower river and inner shelf, prior to the selective dispersal of C3 versus C4 non-woody materials in other regions the shelf and slope. This works further demonstrates the importance of differential settlement of particles, sampling location within the dispersal system, and river discharge, when examining biogeochemical cycles in river-dominated margins. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0304-4203(01)00088-3","issn":"03044203","usgsCitation":"Bianchi, T., Mitra, S., and McKee, B., 2002, Sources of terrestrially-derived organic carbon in lower Mississippi River and Louisiana shelf sediments: Implications for differential sedimentation and transport at the coastal margin: Marine Chemistry, v. 77, no. 2-3, p. 211-223, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(01)00088-3.","startPage":"211","endPage":"223","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207195,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(01)00088-3"}],"volume":"77","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9395e4b08c986b31a592","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bianchi, T.S.","contributorId":90500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bianchi","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitra, Siddhartha","contributorId":97608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitra","given":"Siddhartha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12616,"text":"Dept of Geological Sciences, East Carolina University,  Greenville, NC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":401069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKee, B.A.","contributorId":90897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024381,"text":"70024381 - 2002 - The lacustrine carbon cycle as illuminated by the waters and sediments of two hydrologically distinct headwater lakes in north-central Minnesota, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-03T16:03:30.533493","indexId":"70024381","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The lacustrine carbon cycle as illuminated by the waters and sediments of two hydrologically distinct headwater lakes in north-central Minnesota, U.S.A","docAbstract":"<p>The accumulation rates of CaCO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and organic carbon (OC) in lake sediments are delicately balanced between production in the epilimnion and destruction in the hypolimnion. The cycling of these two forms of carbon makes a \"carbon pump\" that greatly affects the biogeochemical cycles of other elements. To further understand these biogeochemical dynamics, the lakes, streams, and wetlands of the Shingobee River headwater area of north-central Minnesota have been subjected to intensive hydrologic and biogeochemical studies. Williams Lake, situated close to the highest point in the regional flow system, is hydrologically closed, with no surface inlet or outlet, and ground water and precipitation as the only sources of water. Shingobee Lake, situated at the lowest point in the regional flow system, has the Shingobee River as an inlet and outlet. The surface waters of both lakes are oversaturated, and the bottom waters undersaturated, with respect to CaCO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>during the summer. The small amount of CaCO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>that is precipitated in the epilimnion of Williams Lake during the summer is dissolved in the undersaturated hypolimnion and sediments with the result that no CaCO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>is incorporated into the profundal surface sediments. Because of the high phytoplankton productivity of Shingobee Lake, sufficient CaCO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>is produced in the epilimnion that large amounts survive the corrosive hypolimnion and sediments, and an average of 46 wt. % accumulates in surface sediments.</p><p>Another consequence of higher phytoplankton productivity in Shingobee Lake is that the hypolimnion becomes oxygen deficient within a month after overturn in both the spring and fall. Because of reducing conditions that develop in the hypolimnion of Shingobee Lake, high concentrations of dissolved Fe and Mn accumulate there during summer stratification. Precipitation of Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides during periods of fall and spring overturn results in high concentrations of Fe and Mn in surface sediments. In Williams Lake, high concentrations of Fe and Mn do not build up in the hypolimnion.</p><p>The concentration of CaCO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>is about 80 wt. % in lower Holocene sediments of both lakes. The lower Holocene sediments in both lakes also contain high concentrations of Fe and Mn, and the lower Holocene sediments of Shingobee are laminated. The waters of both lakes had identical values of δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>18</sup>O during the early Holocene, but the waters of Williams Lake \"evolved\" during the early Holocene, increasing about 10‰ in both δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>18</sup>O. Deposits of lacustrine marl occur as much as seven meters above the present elevation of Williams Lake, the highest of the two lakes. Taken together, these observations suggest that the lakes were once connected to form a larger lake called Lake Willobee with a hypolimnion that was anoxic, at least seasonally.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.1306/101801720416","usgsCitation":"Dean, W.E., and Schwalb, A., 2002, The lacustrine carbon cycle as illuminated by the waters and sediments of two hydrologically distinct headwater lakes in north-central Minnesota, U.S.A: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 72, no. 3, p. 416-431, https://doi.org/10.1306/101801720416.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"416","endPage":"431","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Shingobee Lake, Williams Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.69712734222412,\n              46.998607143063424\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.67936038970947,\n              46.998607143063424\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.67936038970947,\n              47.01043049343728\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.69712734222412,\n              47.01043049343728\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.69712734222412,\n              46.998607143063424\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.67605590820312,\n              46.949383372087425\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.66292381286621,\n              46.949383372087425\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.66292381286621,\n              46.958288587932536\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.67605590820312,\n              46.958288587932536\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.67605590820312,\n              46.949383372087425\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad76e4b08c986b323c18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwalb, Antje","contributorId":20457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwalb","given":"Antje","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023986,"text":"70023986 - 2002 - Evaluation of potential impacts on Great Lakes water resources based on climate scenarios of two GCMs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-03T14:01:11.885709","indexId":"70023986","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of potential impacts on Great Lakes water resources based on climate scenarios of two GCMs","docAbstract":"<p><span>The results of general circulation model predictions of the effects of climate change from the Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis (model CGCM1) and the United Kingdom Meteorological Office's Hadley Centre (model HadCM2) have been used to derive potential impacts on the water resources of the Great Lakes basin. These impacts can influence the levels of the Great Lakes and the volumes of channel flow among them, thus affecting their value for interests such as riparians, shippers, recreational boaters, and natural ecosystems. On one hand, a hydrological modeling suite using input data from the CGCM1 predicts large drops in lake levels, up to a maximum of 1.38 m on Lakes Michigan and Huron by 2090. This is due to a combination of a decrease in precipitation and an increase in air temperature that leads to an increase in evaporation. On the other hand, using input from HadCM2, rises in lake levels are predicted, up to a maximum of 0.35 m on Lakes Michigan and Huron by 2090, due to increased precipitation and a reduced increase in air temperature. An interest satisfaction model shows sharp decreases in the satisfaction of the interests of commercial navigation, recreational boating, riparians, and hydropower due to lake level decreases. Most interest satisfaction scores are also reduced by lake level increases. Drastic reductions in ice cover also result from the temperature increases such that under the CGCM1 predictions, most of Lake Erie has 96% of its winters ice-free by 2090. Assessment is also made of impacts on the groundwater-dependent region of Lansing, Michigan.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(02)70604-7","usgsCitation":"Lofgren, B.M., Quinn, F.H., Clites, A.H., Assel, R.A., Eberhardt, A.J., and Luukkonen, C.L., 2002, Evaluation of potential impacts on Great Lakes water resources based on climate scenarios of two GCMs: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 28, no. 4, p. 537-554, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(02)70604-7.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"554","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.548828125,\n              40.38002840251183\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.05859375,\n              40.38002840251183\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.05859375,\n              50.064191736659104\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.548828125,\n              50.064191736659104\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.548828125,\n              40.38002840251183\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cade4b0c8380cd52c54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lofgren, Brent M.","contributorId":139534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lofgren","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12789,"text":"NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":399603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quinn, F. H.","contributorId":42753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quinn","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clites, A. H.","contributorId":46260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clites","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Assel, Raymond A.","contributorId":147963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Assel","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12448,"text":"U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":399604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eberhardt, A. J.","contributorId":13780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eberhardt","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Luukkonen, Carol L. clluukko@usgs.gov","contributorId":3489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luukkonen","given":"Carol","email":"clluukko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":399600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70185134,"text":"70185134 - 2002 - Mobilization of natural colloids from an iron oxide-coated sand aquifer: Effect of pH and ionic strength","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T08:45:25","indexId":"70185134","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mobilization of natural colloids from an iron oxide-coated sand aquifer: Effect of pH and ionic strength","docAbstract":"<p><span>Field and laboratory column experiments were performed to assess the effect of elevated pH and reduced ionic strength on the mobilization of natural colloids in a ferric oxyhydroxide-coated aquifer sediment. The field experiments were conducted as natural gradient injections of groundwater amended by sodium hydroxide additions. The laboratory experiments were conducted in columns of undisturbed, oriented sediments and disturbed, disoriented sediments. In the field, the breakthrough of released colloids coincided with the pH pulse breakthrough and lagged the bromide tracer breakthrough. The breakthrough behavior suggested that the progress of the elevated pH front controlled the transport of the mobilized colloids. In the laboratory, about twice as much colloid release occurred in the disturbed sediments as in the undisturbed sediments. The field and laboratory experiments both showed that the total mass of colloid release increased with increasing pH until the concurrent increase in ionic strength limited release. A decrease in ionic strength did not mobilize significant amounts of colloids in the field. The amount of colloids released normalized to the mass of the sediments was similar for the field and the undisturbed laboratory experiments.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es0109141","usgsCitation":"Bunn, R.A., Magelky, R.D., Ryan, J.N., and Elimelech, M., 2002, Mobilization of natural colloids from an iron oxide-coated sand aquifer: Effect of pH and ionic strength: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 3, p. 314-322, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0109141.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"314","endPage":"322","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52d6e4b0849ce97c871a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunn, Rebecca A.","contributorId":189311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bunn","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magelky, Robin D.","contributorId":189313,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magelky","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, Joseph N.","contributorId":54290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":604,"text":"University of Colorado- Boulder","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":684479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elimelech, Menachem","contributorId":189312,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elimelech","given":"Menachem","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70188326,"text":"70188326 - 2002 - Using spring-water chemistry to assess groundwater contamination and ages of shallow and deep ground water flow systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-06T11:20:05","indexId":"70188326","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Using spring-water chemistry to assess groundwater contamination and ages of shallow and deep ground water flow systems","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology and biology of post-paleozoic carbonate aquifers, Karst Waters Institute Special Publication 7","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Karst Waters Institute","usgsCitation":"Katz, B.G., Bohlke, J., and Hornsby, D., 2002, Using spring-water chemistry to assess groundwater contamination and ages of shallow and deep ground water flow systems, chap. <i>of</i> Hydrology and biology of post-paleozoic carbonate aquifers, Karst Waters Institute Special Publication 7, p. 76-78.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"76","endPage":"78","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342149,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342148,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://karstwaters.org/publications/sp7-hydrology-and-biology-of-post-paleozoic-carbonate-aquifers/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5937bf32e4b0f6c2d0d9c7c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":115372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hornsby, D.","contributorId":192642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hornsby","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023865,"text":"70023865 - 2002 - Natural history of a northern population of twin-spotted rattlesnakes, Crotalus pricei","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-03T15:19:04.250603","indexId":"70023865","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Natural history of a northern population of twin-spotted rattlesnakes, <i>Crotalus pricei</i>","title":"Natural history of a northern population of twin-spotted rattlesnakes, Crotalus pricei","docAbstract":"<p><span>The twin-spotted rattlesnake (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Crotalus pricei</span></i><span>) is a small-bodied pitviper that has received little attention in the literature to date. The species reaches the northern limit of its range in southeastern Arizona, where it inhabits higher elevations than any of the state's 10 other rattlesnake species. During 1997–2000, we captured, measured, and marked 127&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">C. pricei</span></i><span>&nbsp;in Arizona's Chiricahua Mountains between 2530 and 2900 m elevation. We also used radiotelemetry to track the movements of 16&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">C. pricei</span></i><span>&nbsp;in the study area during 1997–1998. Mean (± SE) snout–vent length of&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">C. pricei</span></i><span>&nbsp;was 387.8 ± 8.3 mm (range = 168–572), and mean mass was 53.5 ± 3.3 g (range = 3.6–188.5). Based on fecal analyses, lizards constituted the bulk of prey (74%), but the diet of&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">C. pricei</span></i><span>&nbsp;also included mammals, birds, and a conspecific. Mating was concentrated in August and early September and parturition took place during late July and August. Mean number of embryos was 3.94 ± 0.34 (range = 1–6) and female reproduction appeared biennial or less frequent. Based on shed and growth rates, female&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">C. pricei</span></i><span>&nbsp;develop embryos at 4–5 years of age. Gravid females maintained warmer body temperatures relative to substrate temperature than nongravid females or males, presumably by spending more time basking than other snakes. Radiotelemetry revealed that movement patterns varied from year to year, as males moved over six times farther per week during the 1998 monsoon season (July to September) than during the 1997 monsoon season. Additionally, use of talus slopes by males decreased during 1998. During dry years, such as 1998, males may be forced off talus into cooler microclimates where resources are less concentrated than on talus.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.1670/0022-1511(2002)036[0598:NHOANP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Prival, D.B., Goode, M.J., Swann, D.E., Schwalbe, C., and Schroff, M.J., 2002, Natural history of a northern population of twin-spotted rattlesnakes, Crotalus pricei: Journal of Herpetology, v. 36, no. 4, p. 598-607, https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2002)036[0598:NHOANP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"598","endPage":"607","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a631fe4b0c8380cd722f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prival, D. B.","contributorId":10954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prival","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goode, Matthew J","contributorId":118037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swann, Don E.","contributorId":218874,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swann","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":399111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwalbe, C.R.","contributorId":35259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwalbe","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schroff, M. J.","contributorId":72164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schroff","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70185330,"text":"70185330 - 2002 - First record of a Greater Shearwater (Puffinus gravis) in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-02T14:16:57.089333","indexId":"70185330","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3743,"text":"Western Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"First record of a Greater Shearwater (<i>Puffinus gravis</i>) in Alaska","title":"First record of a Greater Shearwater (Puffinus gravis) in Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The Greater Shearwater (<i>Puffinus gravis</i>) breeds in the southern Atlantic Ocean and disperses after breeding to the North Atlantic. On 3 August 2001, I observed and photographed an unidentified shearwater (Figure 1) in the Gulf of Alaska, about 30 km off the southern coast of Montague Island (59<span>°</span>50' N, 148°00' W). The bird was subsequently identified as a Greater Shearwater. This observation and photographic documentation provides the first Alaska state record (D. Gibson in litt.) and one of very few records for the North Pacific (see Table 1). This is the 464th bird species to be recorded in the state of Alaska. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Western Field Ornithologists","usgsCitation":"Pearce, J.M., 2002, First record of a Greater Shearwater (Puffinus gravis) in Alaska: Western Birds, v. 33, no. 2, p. 121-122.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"122","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337872,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337871,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.westernfieldornithologists.org/archive/V33/journal-33-2.php","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Montague Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -147.71590968642556,\n              59.80657601464938\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.3055203105119,\n              59.80657601464938\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.3055203105119,\n              59.227233463894606\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.71590968642556,\n              59.227233463894606\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.71590968642556,\n              59.80657601464938\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1be4b0236b68f6736f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024253,"text":"70024253 - 2002 - Comparative contaminant toxicity: Are amphibian larvae more sensitive than fish?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-04T13:45:25","indexId":"70024253","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative contaminant toxicity: Are amphibian larvae more sensitive than fish?","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00128-002-0098-2","issn":"00074861","usgsCitation":"Bridges, C., Dwyer, F., Hardesty, D., and Whites, D., 2002, Comparative contaminant toxicity: Are amphibian larvae more sensitive than fish?: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 69, no. 4, p. 562-569, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-002-0098-2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"562","endPage":"569","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207189,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-002-0098-2"}],"volume":"69","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f813e4b0c8380cd4ce7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bridges, C.M.","contributorId":104652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":400579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hardesty, D.K.","contributorId":43935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardesty","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whites, D.W.","contributorId":52367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whites","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1016310,"text":"1016310 - 2002 - American white pelican soaring flight times and altitudes relative to changes in thermal depth and intensity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:50","indexId":"1016310","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"American white pelican soaring flight times and altitudes relative to changes in thermal depth and intensity","docAbstract":"We compared American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) soaring flight times and altitudes to model-produced estimates of thermal depth and intensity. These data showed that pelican soaring flight was confined to the thermal layer, and that the vertical extent of the soaring flight envelope increased with increases in thermal depth. Pelicans soaring cross-country between foraging and breeding sites flew mainly within the middle of the thermal layer, regardless of its depth. In contrast, pelicans engaged in wandering flight near foraging sites typically confined their flight to the lower thermal layer. Pelicans soaring cross-country likely flew higher in the thermal layer to maximize cross-country soaring performance, while pelicans soaring locally presumably flew lower because additional altitude was unneeded for gliding short distances. An analysis of pelican flight times relative to model-produced estimates of thermal intensity suggested that pelicans began soaring as soon as sufficiently strong thermals developed daily.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Shannon, H., Young, G., Yates, M., Fuller, M.R., and Seegar, W., 2002, American white pelican soaring flight times and altitudes relative to changes in thermal depth and intensity: The Condor, v. 104, no. 3, p. 679-683.","productDescription":"p. 679-683","startPage":"679","endPage":"683","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6868cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shannon, H.D.","contributorId":30593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shannon","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, G.S.","contributorId":42569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yates, M.","contributorId":39750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuller, Mark R. 0000-0001-7459-1729 mark_fuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7459-1729","contributorId":2296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Mark","email":"mark_fuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seegar, W.","contributorId":29375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seegar","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70188490,"text":"70188490 - 2002 - Introduction","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70188490,"text":"70188490 - 2002 - Introduction","indexId":"70188490","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"1","title":"Introduction"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T11:13:49","indexId":"70188490","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9,"text":"Biological Science Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2002-0001","chapter":"1","title":"Introduction","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in northeastern Alaska is one of 16 refuges in Alaska and 539 refuges nationwide within the National Wildlife Refuge System administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. First established as the Arctic National Wildlife Range in 1960 by Public Land Order 2214, it initially had a three-fold purpose to preserve unique wildlife, wilderness, and recreation values on 8.9 million acres.</span></p><p><span>In 1980, the Arctic National Wildlife Range was expanded to the southwest and renamed the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (also called the Arctic Refuge in this report) when the U.S. Congress passed the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA), Public Law 96-487 (94 Stat. 2371). This legislation also designated almost all of the original Arctic National Wildlife Range as wilderness, and it directed the Secretary of the Interior to conduct studies evaluating both the biological resources and the potential petroleum reserves of 1.5 million acres (titled the 1002 Area) on the coastal plain of the Arctic Refuge.</span></p><p><span>In April 1982, the Arctic Refuge staff completed a report summarizing the then current state of knowledge on the fish, wildlife, and their habitats present on the coastal plain of the Arctic Refuge (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1982). From 1982 to 1985, field investigations of biological resources of the 1002 Area were carried out by a number of investigators, and annual reports summarized the results (Garner and Reynolds 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987). These reports and other resources were used to prepare a Department of the Interior report to Congress: </span><i><span>Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska Coastal Plain Resource Assessment - Report and Recommendation to the Congress of the United States and Final Environmental Impact Satement (Clough et al., 1987).</span></i></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries (Biological Science Report USGS/BRD/BSR-2002-0001)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"2002, Introduction: Biological Science Report 2002-0001, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"3","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342476,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Refuge Coastal Plain, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.5947265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.5947265625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3fe4b0764e6c65dcae","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697990,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Patricia E.","contributorId":71056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697991,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rhode, E. B.","contributorId":73156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhode","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697992,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70188493,"text":"70188493 - 2002 - Land cover","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70188493,"text":"70188493 - 2002 - Land cover","indexId":"70188493","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"2","title":"Land cover"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T11:13:58","indexId":"70188493","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9,"text":"Biological Science Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2002-0001","chapter":"2","title":"Land cover","docAbstract":"<p>Documenting the distribution of land-cover types on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge coastal plain is the foundation for impact assessment and mitigation of potential oil exploration and development. Vegetation maps facilitate wildlife studies by allowing biologists to quantify the availability of important wildlife habitats, investigate the relationships between animal locations and the distribution or juxtaposition of habitat types, and assess or extrapolate habitat characteristics across regional areas.</p><p>To meet the needs of refuge managers and biologists, satellite imagery was chosen as the most cost-effective method for mapping the large, remote landscape of the 1002 Area.</p><p>Objectives of our study were the following: 1) evaluate a vegetation classification scheme for use in mapping. 2) determine optimal methods for producing a satellite-based vegetation map that adequately met the needs of the wildlife research and management objectives; 3) produce a digital vegetation map for the Arctic Refuge coastal plain using Lands at-Thematic Mapper(TM) satellite imagery, existing geobotanical classifications, ground data, and aerial photographs, and 4) perform an accuracy assessment of the map.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries (Biological Science Report USGS/BRD/BSR-2002-0001)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Jorgenson, J.C., Joria, P.C., and Douglas, D.C., 2002, Land cover: Biological Science Report 2002-0001, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"7","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342471,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Refuge Coastal Plain, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.5947265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.5947265625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3fe4b0764e6c65dcab","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697996,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Patricia E.","contributorId":71056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697997,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rhode, E. B.","contributorId":73156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhode","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697998,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Jorgenson, Janet C.","contributorId":191903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joria, Peter C.","contributorId":108210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joria","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":697994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70188494,"text":"70188494 - 2002 - The porcupine caribou herd","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70188494,"text":"70188494 - 2002 - The porcupine caribou herd","indexId":"70188494","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"3","title":"The porcupine caribou herd"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T11:04:40","indexId":"70188494","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9,"text":"Biological Science Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2002-0001","chapter":"3","title":"The porcupine caribou herd","docAbstract":"<p>Documentation of the natural range of variation in ecological, life history, and physiological characteristics of caribou (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>) of the Porcupine caribou herd is a necessary base for detecting or predicting any potential effects of industrial development on the performance (e.g., distribution, demography, weight-gain of individuals) of the herd. To demonstrate an effect of development, post-development performance must differ from pre-development performance while accounting for any natural environmental trends.</p><p>We had 2 working hypotheses for our investigations: 1) performance of the Porcupine caribou herd was associated with environmental patterns and habitat quality, and 2) access to important habitats was a key influence on demography.</p><p>We sought to document the range of natural variation in habitat conditions, herd size, demography (defined here as survival and reproduction), sources and magnitude of mortality, distribution, habitat use, and weight gain and loss, and to develop an understanding of the interactions among these characteristics of the herd.</p><p>In addition, we investigated ways that we could use this background information, combined with auxiliary information from the adjacent Central Arctic caribou herd, to predict the direction and magnitude of any potential effects of industrial oil development in the 1002 Area of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge on Porcupine caribou herd calf survival on the herd's calving grounds during June.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries (Biological Science Report USGS/BRD/BSR-2002-0001)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Griffith, B., Douglas, D., Walsh, N.E., Young, D., McCabe, T.R., Russell, D.E., White, R.G., Cameron, R.D., and Whitten, K.R., 2002, The porcupine caribou herd: Biological Science Report 2002-0001, 30 p.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"37","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342474,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Refuge Coastal Plain, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.5947265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.5947265625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3fe4b0764e6c65dca9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698001,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Patricia E.","contributorId":71056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698002,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rhode, E. B.","contributorId":73156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhode","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698003,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Griffith, Brad","contributorId":190362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Griffith","given":"Brad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walsh, Noreen E.","contributorId":107441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walsh","given":"Noreen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Young, Donald D.","contributorId":191905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Donald D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCabe, Thomas R.","contributorId":91255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Russell, Donald E.","contributorId":190659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russell","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"White, Robert G.","contributorId":181759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cameron, Raymond D.","contributorId":190363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cameron","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Whitten, Kenneth R.","contributorId":190408,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitten","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70186434,"text":"70186434 - 2002 - Abundance: Population size and density estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-28T12:47:01","indexId":"70186434","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Abundance: Population size and density estimation","docAbstract":"<div class=\"para\"><p>Estimates of population size (total number of individuals) or density (number of individuals per unit area) are some of the most basic requirements for wildlife research and management. This article provides a brief overview of approaches for wildlife population estimation. These include habitat-based approaches such as quadrat, line intercept, distance, and repeated count methods, as well as animal-based approaches such as capture–recapture and harvest methods. In contrast to methods that only index changes in these parameters, estimates of size or density must account for the probability that an individual will be included in the sample used for estimation. The essential differences in the approaches are in how the samples are obtained and how the sampling probabilities are estimated.</p></div>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of Environmetrics, volume 1","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/9780470057339.vaa002","isbn":"9780470057339","usgsCitation":"Udevitz, M.S., and Gould, W., 2002, Abundance: Population size and density estimation, chap. <i>of</i> Encyclopedia of Environmetrics, volume 1, v. 1, p. 4-11, https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470057339.vaa002.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"11","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339153,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e4b0b3e4b09da67999779f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"El-Shaarawi, Abdel H.","contributorId":148056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"El-Shaarawi","given":"Abdel","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688468,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piegorsch, Walter W.","contributorId":112670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piegorsch","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688469,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gould, William R.","contributorId":63780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gould","given":"William R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185220,"text":"70185220 - 2002 - Population genetic structure in Lahontan cutthroat trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-16T12:04:33","indexId":"70185220","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population genetic structure in Lahontan cutthroat trout","docAbstract":"<p><span>We used 10 microsatellite loci to examine the genetic population structure of cutthroat trout </span><i>Oncorhynchus clarki</i><span> within the Lahontan Basin complex. Genetic diversity was analyzed for trout from Nevada, California, and Utah representing three putative subspecies: Lahontan </span><i>O. c. henshawi</i><span>, Paiute </span><i>O. c. seleniris</i><span>, and Humboldt (an unnamed subspecies) cutthroat trout. We found significant differences in microsatellite diversity among the three putative subspecies found in this area. Analysis of molecular variance partitioned microsatellite variation as 9.8% among subspecies, 27.7% among populations, and 62.5% within populations of Lahontan Basin cutthroat trout. Genetic distance analyses (Cavalli-Sforza-Edwards and </span><i>F</i> <sub>st</sub><span>) supported unique population structure in cutthroat trout from the Humboldt and Pilot Peak drainages. Pairwise </span><i>F</i> <sub>st</sub><span> values for Lahontan cutthroat trout were not significantly correlated with geographic distance between population pairs (</span><i>r</i> <sup>2</sup><span> = 0.008; </span><i>P</i><span> &lt; 0.0001), suggesting that they are extremely isolated populations with small effective sizes that are vulnerable to extinction. Two extant hatchery strains of Lahontan cutthroat trout showed genetic associations with different geographic source populations. The Pyramid Lake hatchery strain was most closely associated genetically with fish from Summit Lake. The Pilot Peak hatchery strain was associated genetically with Pilot Peak wild trout (Utah) and Macklin Creek trout (California). The phylogeographic diversity depicted in this study supports unique population structure and suggests important evolutionary relationships needed to evaluate transplanted populations and hatchery supplementation within the basin.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0376:PGSILC>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, J.L., and Sage, G.K., 2002, Population genetic structure in Lahontan cutthroat trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 131, no. 3, p. 376-388, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0376:PGSILC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"376","endPage":"388","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337735,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Lahontan Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.981201171875,\n              36.94989178681327\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.21411132812499,\n              36.94989178681327\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.21411132812499,\n              42.779275360241904\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.981201171875,\n              42.779275360241904\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.981201171875,\n              36.94989178681327\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"131","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba41ee4b0849ce97dc760","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, Jennifer L.","contributorId":43722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sage, George K. 0000-0003-1431-2286 ksage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2286","contributorId":87833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"George","email":"ksage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":684768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024071,"text":"70024071 - 2002 - Determining the hydraulic properties of saturated, low-permeability geological materials in the laboratory: Advances in theory and practice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70024071","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Determining the hydraulic properties of saturated, low-permeability geological materials in the laboratory: Advances in theory and practice","docAbstract":"The accurate hydraulic characterization of low-permeability subsurface environments has important practical significance. In order to examine this issue from the perspective of laboratory-based approaches, we review some recent advancements in the theoretical analyses of three different laboratory techniques specifically applied to low-permeability geologic materials: constant-head, constant flow-rate and transient-pulse permeability tests. Some potential strategies for effectively decreasing the time required to confidently estimate the permeability of these materials are presented. In addition, a new and versatile laboratory system is introduced that can implement any of these three test methods while simultaneously subjecting a specimen to high confining pressures and pore pressures, thereby simulating in situ conditions at great depths. The capabilities and advantages of this innovative system are demonstrated using experimental data derived from Shirahama sandstone and Inada granite, two rock types widely encountered in Japan.","largerWorkTitle":"ASTM Special Technical Publication","conferenceTitle":"Evaluation and Remediation of Low Permeability and Dual Porosity Environments","conferenceDate":"25 January 2001 through 25 January 2001","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","issn":"00660558","usgsCitation":"Zhang, M., Takahashi, M., Morin, R.H., Endo, H., and Esaki, T., 2002, Determining the hydraulic properties of saturated, low-permeability geological materials in the laboratory: Advances in theory and practice, <i>in</i> ASTM Special Technical Publication, no. 1415, Reno, NV, 25 January 2001 through 25 January 2001, p. 83-98.","startPage":"83","endPage":"98","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"1415","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fff7e4b0c8380cd4f4d9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sara M.N.Everett L.G.","contributorId":128297,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Sara M.N.Everett L.G.","id":536530,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, M.","contributorId":39161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takahashi, M.","contributorId":92617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takahashi","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morin, R. H.","contributorId":31794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Endo, H.","contributorId":44321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Endo","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Esaki, T.","contributorId":22939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esaki","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024080,"text":"70024080 - 2002 - Interpretation of K-Ar dates of illitic clays from sedimentary rocks aided by modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-13T12:03:39.414043","indexId":"70024080","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interpretation of K-Ar dates of illitic clays from sedimentary rocks aided by modeling","docAbstract":"<p>K-Ar dates of illitic clays from sedimentary rocks may contain \"mixed ages,\" i.e., may have ages that are intermediate between the ages of end-member events. Two phenomena that may cause mixed ages are: (1) long-lasting reaction during the burial illitization of smectite: and (2) physical mixing of detrital and diagenetic components. The first phenomenon was investigated by simulation of illitization reactions using a nucleation and growth mechanism. These calculations indicate that values for mixed ages are related to burial history: for an equivalent length of reaction time, fast burial followed by slow burial produces much older mixed ages than slow burial followed by fast. The type of reaction that occurred in a rock can be determined from the distribution of ages with respect to the thickness of illite crystals. Dating of artificial mixtures confirms a non-linear relation between mixed ages and the proportions of the components. Vertical variation of K-Ar age dates from Gulf Coast shales can be modeled by assuming diagenetic illitization that overprints a subtle vertical trend (presumably of sedimentary origin) in detrital mineral content.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"De Gruyter","doi":"10.2138/am-2002-11-1202","usgsCitation":"Srodon, J., Clauer, N., and Eberl, D., 2002, Interpretation of K-Ar dates of illitic clays from sedimentary rocks aided by modeling: American Mineralogist, v. 87, no. 11-12, p. 1528-1535, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2002-11-1202.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1528","endPage":"1535","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d59e4b0c8380cd634cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Srodon, J.","contributorId":67583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Srodon","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clauer, Norbert","contributorId":79664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clauer","given":"Norbert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, D.D.D.","contributorId":82088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1000886,"text":"1000886 - 2002 - Dynamics of the Lake Michigan food web, 1970-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:31:50","indexId":"1000886","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of the Lake Michigan food web, 1970-2000","docAbstract":"<p><span>Herein, we document changes in the Lake Michigan food web between 1970 and 2000 and identify the factors responsible for these changes. Control of sea lamprey (</span><i>Petromyzon marinus</i><span>) and alewife (</span><i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i><span>) populations in Lake Michigan, beginning in the 1950s and 1960s, had profound effects on the food web. Recoveries of lake whitefish (</span><i>Coregonus clupeaformis</i><span>) and burbot (</span><i>Lota lota</i><span>) populations, as well as the buildup of salmonine populations, were attributable, at least in part, to sea lamprey control. Based on our analyses, predation by salmonines was primarily responsible for the reduction in alewife abundance during the 1970s and early 1980s. In turn, the decrease in alewife abundance likely contributed to recoveries of deepwater sculpin (</span><i>Myoxocephalus thompsoni</i><span>), yellow perch (</span><i>Perca flavescens</i><span>), and burbot populations during the 1970s and 1980s. Decrease in the abundance of all three dominant benthic macroinvertebrate groups, including&nbsp;</span><i>Diporeia</i><span>, oligochaetes, and sphaeriids, during the 1980s in nearshore waters (</span><span class=\"NLM_inline-graphic\"><img src=\"http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/na101/home/literatum/publisher/nrc/journals/content/cjfas/2002/cjfas5904/f02-044/production/images/medium/ls.gif\" alt=\"\" /></span><span>50 m deep) of Lake Michigan, was attributable to a decrease in primary production linked to a decline in phosphorus loadings. Continued decrease in&nbsp;</span><i>Diporeia</i><span>&nbsp;abundance during the 1990s was associated with the zebra mussel (</span><i>Dreissena polymorpha</i><span>) invasion, but specific mechanisms for zebra mussels affecting&nbsp;</span><i>Diporeia</i><span>&nbsp;abundance remain unidentified.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f02-044","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., Fahnenstiel, G.L., Johengen, T.H., Nalepa, T., Vanderploeg, H., Fleischer, G.W., Schneeberger, P.J., Benjamin, D.M., Smith, E.B., Bence, J., Rutherford, E.S., Lavis, D.S., Robertson, D.M., Jude, D.J., and Ebener, M.P., 2002, Dynamics of the Lake Michigan food web, 1970-2000: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 59, no. 4, p. 736-753, https://doi.org/10.1139/f02-044.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"736","endPage":"753","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science 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