{"pageNumber":"2998","pageRowStart":"74925","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70024063,"text":"70024063 - 2002 - Mexican native trouts: A review of their history and current systematic and conservation status","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70024063","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3278,"text":"Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mexican native trouts: A review of their history and current systematic and conservation status","docAbstract":"While biologists have been aware of the existence of native Mexican trouts for over a century, they have received little study. The few early studies that did much more than mention their existence began in the 1930s and continued into the early 1960s, focusing primarily on distributional surveys and taxonomic analyses. Starting in the 1980s the Baja California rainbow trout became the subject of more detailed studies, but very little remains known of mainland trouts of the Sierra Madre Occidental. We review earlier studies and report on our own collections and observations made between 1975 and 2000. We present newly discovered historical evidence that leads us to conclude that a \"lost\" cutthroat trout, a lineage not previously known from Mexico, was collected more than a century ago from headwaters of the Ri??o Conchos (a major tributary of the Rio Grande (= Ri??o Bravo)), a basin not previously considered to harbor a native trout. We review the last century of regional natural resource management and discuss our own observations of trout habitats. Impacts of logging, road building and overgrazing are widespread and expanding. Many streams suffer from heavy erosion, siltation and contamination, and though long-term hydrologic data are generally not available, there is evidence of decreased discharge in many streams. These problems appear related to region-wide land management practices as well as recent regional drought. Trout culture operations using exotic rainbow trout have rapidly proliferated throughout the region, threatening genetic introgression and/or competition with native forms and predation on them. Knowledge of distribution, abundance, relationships and taxonomy, not to mention ecology and population biology, of native trouts of the Sierra Madre Occidental remains inadequate. Vast areas of most mainland drainages are still unexplored by fish collectors, and even rudimentary information regarding basic biology, ecology and population structure of stocks remains lacking. Concentrated exploration, research and management of this long overlooked and undervalued resource are all urgently needed. The history of natural resources exploitation that placed so many native trouts of the western United States on threatened and endangered species lists is repeating itself in the Sierra Madre Occidental. Without concentrated action and development of region-wide socio-economic solutions for current, largely non-sustainable resource management practices, native Mexican trout gene pools will soon be in grave danger of extinction.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1025062415188","issn":"09603166","usgsCitation":"Hendrickson, D., Perez, H., Findley, L., Forbes, W., Tomelleri, J., Mayden, R.L., Nielsen, J., Jensen, B., Campos, G., Romero, A., van der Heiden, A., Camarena, F., and Garcia de Leon, F., 2002, Mexican native trouts: A review of their history and current systematic and conservation status: Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, v. 12, no. 2-3, p. 273-316, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025062415188.","startPage":"273","endPage":"316","numberOfPages":"44","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207184,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025062415188"},{"id":231905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5626e4b0c8380cd6d3a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hendrickson, D.A.","contributorId":29222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendrickson","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perez, H.E.","contributorId":92109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Findley, L.T.","contributorId":92110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Findley","given":"L.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Forbes, W.","contributorId":60913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forbes","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tomelleri, J.R.","contributorId":77418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomelleri","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mayden, Richard L.","contributorId":12746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayden","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nielsen, J.L.","contributorId":105665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jensen, B.","contributorId":73877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Campos, G.R.","contributorId":91745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campos","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Romero, A.V.","contributorId":104343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romero","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"van der Heiden, A.","contributorId":99434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van der Heiden","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Camarena, F.","contributorId":21418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camarena","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Garcia de Leon, F.J.","contributorId":96536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia de Leon","given":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70024624,"text":"70024624 - 2002 - Seismic anisotropy and mantle creep in young orogens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-20T15:20:38.386388","indexId":"70024624","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic anisotropy and mantle creep in young orogens","docAbstract":"<p>Seismic anisotropy provides evidence for the physical state and tectonic evolution of the lithosphere. We discuss the origin of anisotropy at various depths, and relate it to tectonic stress, geotherms and rheology. The anisotropy of the uppermost mantle is controlled by the orthorhombic mineral olivine, and may result from ductile deformation, dynamic recrystallization or annealing. Anisotropy beneath young orogens has been measured for the seismic phase Pn that propagates in the uppermost mantle. This anisotropy is interpreted as being caused by deformation during the most recent thermotectonic event, and thus provides information on the process of mountain building. Whereas tectonic stress and many structural features in the upper crust are usually orientated perpendicular to the structural axis of mountain belts, Pn anisotropy is aligned parallel to the structural axis. We interpret this to indicate mountain-parallel ductile (i.e. creeping) deformation in the uppermost mantle that is a consequence of mountain-perpendicular compressive stresses. The preferred orientation of the fast axes of some anisotropic minerals, such as olivine, is known to be in the creep direction, a consequence of the anisotropy of strength and viscosity of orientated minerals. In order to explain the anisotropy of the mantle beneath young orogens we extend the concept of crustal 'escape' (or 'extrusion') tectonics to the uppermost mantle. We present rheological model calculations to support this hypothesis. Mountain-perpendicular horizontal stress (determined in the upper crust) and mountain-parallel seismic anisotropy (in the uppermost mantle) require a zone of ductile decoupling in the middle or lower crust of young mountain belts. Examples for stress and mountain-parallel <i>Pn</i> anisotropy are given for Tibet, the Alpine chains, and young mountain ranges in the Americas. Finally, we suggest a simple model for initiating mountain parallel creep.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01628.x","usgsCitation":"Meissner, R., Mooney, T.C., and Artemieva, I., 2002, Seismic anisotropy and mantle creep in young orogens: Geophysical Journal International, v. 149, no. 1, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01628.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478611,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.2002.01628.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232848,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"149","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8af1e4b08c986b3174a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meissner, R.","contributorId":53563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meissner","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Thomas C.","contributorId":18010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Artemieva, I.","contributorId":41624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artemieva","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024140,"text":"70024140 - 2002 - Groundwater vulnerability: Interactions of chemical and site properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T08:57:07","indexId":"70024140","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater vulnerability: Interactions of chemical and site properties","docAbstract":"<p>This study brings together extensive, multi-annual groundwater monitoring datasets from the UK and Midwestern US to test the relative importance of site (e.g. land use, soil and aquifer type) and chemical factors (e.g. solubility in water) and between and within year variations in controlling groundwater contamination by pesticides. ANOVA (general linear modelling) was used to test the significance and proportion of variation explained by each factor and their interactions. Results from both the UK and US datasets show that: (i) Chemical and site factors both have a statistically significant influence on groundwater pollution; (ii) Site factors on their own explain a greater proportion of data variance than chemical factors on their own; (iii) Interaction between site and chemical factors represents the most important control on the occurrence of pesticides in groundwater; (iv) Variation within the year was slight but still significant while there was no significant difference between data from consecutive years. The combination of factors analysed in this study were sufficient to explain the majority of the variation in the data save for that ascribable to the analytical detection limit. The results provide statistical evidence that it is viable to develop both molecular methods and groundwater vulnerability as tools to understanding pollution, but that a greater emphasis should be placed on their interaction to fully understand pesticide contamination.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00270-X","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Worrall, F., Besien, T., and Kolpin, D., 2002, Groundwater vulnerability: Interactions of chemical and site properties: Science of the Total Environment, v. 299, no. 1-3, p. 131-143, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00270-X.","productDescription":"13p. 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 \"}}]}","volume":"299","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dc3e4b0c8380cd5c000","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Worrall, F.","contributorId":34687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worrall","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Besien, T.","contributorId":106285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Besien","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1002943,"text":"1002943 - 2002 - Feeding habitat selection by Great Blue Herons and Great Egrets nesting in east central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-18T16:54:55.956112","indexId":"1002943","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feeding habitat selection by Great Blue Herons and Great Egrets nesting in east central Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p><span>Great Blue Herons (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Ardea herodias</span></i><span>) and Great Egrets (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Casmerodius albus</span></i><span>) partitioned feeding habitat based on wetland size at Peltier Lake rookery in east central Minnesota. Great Blue Herons preferred large waterbodies (350 ha), whereas Great Egrets fed most often at small ponds (&lt;25 ha). Forty-nine percent of Great Blue Herons used wetlands 301-400 hectares in size and 83% of Great Egrets fed in wetlands &lt;100 ha in size. Great Blue Herons selected large wetlands more often than expected both at the regional (30-km radius) and local (4-km radius) scales. Habitat use by Great Egrets was in proportion to availability at the regional scale, but they selected smaller wetlands for feeding more often than expected at a local scale. The median flight distance of Great Blue Herons was 2.7 km, similar to distances reported elsewhere. Great Egrets flew farther to feeding sites than Great Blue Herons, and flew farther (median = 13.5 km) than reported in other geographic areas.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2002)025[0115:FHSBGB]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Custer, C.M., and Galli, J., 2002, Feeding habitat selection by Great Blue Herons and Great Egrets nesting in east central Minnesota: Waterbirds, v. 25, no. 1, p. 115-124, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2002)025[0115:FHSBGB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"124","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Peltier Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.07162284851074,\n              45.16836257256628\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.04372787475586,\n              45.16836257256628\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.04372787475586,\n              45.203509693445596\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.07162284851074,\n              45.203509693445596\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.07162284851074,\n              45.16836257256628\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5d87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":31330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galli, J.","contributorId":39753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galli","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1002951,"text":"1002951 - 2002 - Dioxins and congener-specific polychlorinated biphenyls in three avian species from the Wisconsin River, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-10T12:27:59.019006","indexId":"1002951","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dioxins and congener-specific polychlorinated biphenyls in three avian species from the Wisconsin River, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sediments from the Wisconsin River, WI, USA are contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-</span><i>p</i><span>-dioxin (TCDD) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Wet weight concentrations of TCDD and PCBs in eggs were at background levels and highest in the piscivorous hooded merganser (</span><i>Lophodytes cucullatus</i><span>; geometric mean=7 pg/g TCDD and 0.92 μg/g PCBs) and lowest in the omnivorous wood duck (</span><i>Aix sponsa</i><span>) (&lt;1 pg/g and 0.07 μg/g); concentrations in eggs of the insectivorous tree swallow (</span><i>Tachycineta bicolor</i><span>) were intermediate (&lt;1 pg/g and 0.33 μg/g). Positive accumulation rates of TCDD (8–19 pg/day) and PCBs (0.4–0.7 μg/day) in tree swallow nestlings suggest that the Wisconsin River is the source of these contaminants for tree swallow nestlings. The lower representation of trichlorobiphenyls and tetrachorobiphenyls in hooded merganser eggs compared to wood duck or tree swallow eggs suggests that the hooded merganser or its diet has a greater ability to metabolize lower-numbered PCB congeners than wood ducks or tree swallows.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00103-3","usgsCitation":"Custer, T., Custer, C.M., and Hines, R.K., 2002, Dioxins and congener-specific polychlorinated biphenyls in three avian species from the Wisconsin River, Wisconsin: Environmental Pollution, v. 119, no. 3, p. 323-332, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00103-3.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"332","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Wisconsin River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.9560546875,\n              44.203866109361435\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.054931640625,\n              44.09942068528651\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.01922607421875,\n              43.98688630934305\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.07415771484375,\n              43.95130472827632\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.97528076171875,\n              43.84839376489157\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.90386962890625,\n              43.8028187190472\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.92584228515625,\n              43.86027718467949\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.92584228515625,\n              43.971074904863265\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.967041015625,\n              44.03232064275081\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.92584228515625,\n              44.11322595798781\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.8626708984375,\n              44.22945656830167\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.85992431640625,\n              44.302230078625456\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.83245849609375,\n              44.351350365612326\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.901123046875,\n              44.351350365612326\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.9560546875,\n              44.203866109361435\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64acc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":31330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, Randy K. 0000-0002-5135-3135 rkhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5135-3135","contributorId":3340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"Randy","email":"rkhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014995,"text":"1014995 - 2002 - Attraction of preSpawning male shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum to the odor of preSpawning females","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:16","indexId":"1014995","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2347,"text":"Journal of Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Attraction of preSpawning male shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum to the odor of preSpawning females","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Ichthyology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"02-027/TF","usgsCitation":"Kynard, B., and Horgan, M., 2002, Attraction of preSpawning male shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum to the odor of preSpawning females: Journal of Ichthyology, v. 42, no. 2, p. 205-209.","productDescription":"p. 205-209","startPage":"205","endPage":"209","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db669390","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kynard, B.","contributorId":51232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kynard","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horgan, Martin","contributorId":23492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horgan","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024113,"text":"70024113 - 2002 - Characterization and modeling of illite crystal particles and growth mechanisms in a zoned hydrothermal deposit, Lake City, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-10T12:07:17.521519","indexId":"70024113","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization and modeling of illite crystal particles and growth mechanisms in a zoned hydrothermal deposit, Lake City, Colorado","docAbstract":"Mean thickness measurements and crystal-thickness distributions (CTDs) of illite particles vary systematically with changes in hydrothermal alteration type, fracture density, and attendant mineralization in a large acid-sulfate/Mo-porphyry hydrothermal system at Red Mountain, near Lake City, Colorado. The hydrothermal illites characterize an extensive zone of quartz-sericite-pyrite alteration beneath two deeply rooted bodies of magmatic-related, quartz-alunite altered rock. Nineteen illites from a 3000 ft vertical drill hole were analyzed by XRD using the PVP-10 intercalation method and the computer program MudMaster (Bertaut-Warren-Averbach technique). Mean crystallite thicknesses, as determined from 001 reflections, range from 5-7 nanometers (nm) at depths from 0-1700 ft, then sharply increase to 10-16 nm at depths between 1800-2100 ft, and decrease again to 4-5 nm below this level. The interval of largest particle thickness correlates strongly with the zone of most intense quartz-sericite-pyrite alteration (QSP) and attendant high-density stockwork fracturing, and with the highest concentrations of Mo within the drill core. CTD shapes for the illite particles fall into two main categories: asymptotic and lognormal. The shapes of the CTDs are dependent on conditions of illite formation. The asymptotic CTDs correspond to a nucleation and growth mechanism, whereas surface-controlled growth was the dominant mechanism for the lognormal CTDs. Lognormal CTDs coincide with major through-going fractures or stockwork zones, whereas asymptotic CTDs are present in wallrock distal to these intense fracture zones. The increase in illite particle size and the associated zone of intense QSP alteration and stockwork veining was related by proximity to the dacitic magma(s), which supplied both reactants and heat to the hydrothermal system. However, no changes in illite polytype, which in other studies reflect temperature transitions, were observed within this interval.","language":"English","publisher":"De Gruyter","doi":"10.2138/am-2002-11-1204","usgsCitation":"Bove, D.J., Eberl, D.D., McCarty, D., and Meeker, G., 2002, Characterization and modeling of illite crystal particles and growth mechanisms in a zoned hydrothermal deposit, Lake City, Colorado: American Mineralogist, v. 87, no. 11-12, p. 1546-1556, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2002-11-1204.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1546","endPage":"1556","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Lake City","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.40234375,\n              37.896530447543\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.17163085937499,\n              37.896530447543\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.17163085937499,\n              38.052416771864834\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.40234375,\n              38.052416771864834\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.40234375,\n              37.896530447543\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4afe4b0c8380cd4be6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bove, D. J.","contributorId":70767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bove","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCarty, D.K.","contributorId":105066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarty","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meeker, G.P.","contributorId":34539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1004125,"text":"1004125 - 2002 - Spent shot availability and ingestion on areas managed for mourning doves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-22T14:44:41","indexId":"1004125","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spent shot availability and ingestion on areas managed for mourning doves","docAbstract":"<p>Mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) hunting is becoming increasingly popular, especially in managed shooting fields. Given the possible increase in the availability of lead (Pb) shot on these areas, our objective was to estimate availability and ingestion of spent shot at the Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area (EBCA, hunted with nontoxic shot) and the James A. Reed Memorial Wildlife Area (JARWA, hunted with Pb shot) in Missouri. During 1998, we collected soil samples one or 2 weeks prior to the hunting season (prehunt) and after 4 days of dove hunting (posthunt). We also collected information on number of doves harvested, number of shots fired, shotgun gauge, and shotshell size used. Dove carcasses were collected on both areas during 1998-99. At EBCA, 60 hunters deposited an estimated 64,775 pellets/ha of nontoxic shot on or around the managed field. At JARWA, approximately 1,086,275 pellets/ha of Pb shot were deposited by 728 hunters. Our posthunt estimates of spent-shot availability from soil sampling were 0 pellets/ha for EBCA and 6,342 pellets/ha for JARWA. Our findings suggest that existing soil sampling protocols may not provide accurate estimates of spent-shot availability in managed dove shooting fields. During 1998-99, 15 of 310 (4.8%) mourning doves collected from EBCA had ingested nontoxic shot. Of those doves, 6 (40.0%) contained a?Y7 shot pellets. In comparison, only 2 of 574 (0.3%) doves collected from JARWA had ingested Pb shot. Because a greater proportion of doves ingested multiple steel pellets compared to Pb pellets, we suggest that doves feeding in fields hunted with Pb shot may succumb to acute Pb toxicosis and thus become unavailable to harvest, resulting in an underestimate of ingestion rates. Although further research is needed to test this hypothesis, our findings may partially explain why previous studies have shown few doves with ingested Pb shot despite their feeding on areas with high Pb shot availability.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Schulz, J., Millspaugh, J., Washburn, B., Wester, G., Lanigan, J., and Franson, J.C., 2002, Spent shot availability and ingestion on areas managed for mourning doves: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 30, no. 1, p. 112-120.","productDescription":"p. 112-120","startPage":"112","endPage":"120","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  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J.J.","contributorId":99105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millspaugh","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Washburn, B.E.","contributorId":99953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Washburn","given":"B.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wester, G.R.","contributorId":57044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wester","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lanigan, J. T. III","contributorId":12831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanigan","given":"J. T.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Franson, J. C. 0000-0002-0251-4238","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":99071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70024224,"text":"70024224 - 2002 - Striped bass annual site fidelity and habitat utilization in J. Strom Thurmond Reservoir, South Carolina-Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70024224","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Striped bass annual site fidelity and habitat utilization in J. Strom Thurmond Reservoir, South Carolina-Georgia","docAbstract":"Forty-eight adult striped bass Morone saxatilis (3.2-19.1 kg) were captured by electrofishing in the tailrace of Richard B. Russell Dam and in the upper reaches of two major tributaries; they were implanted with temperature-sensitive radio transmitters and tracked approximately bimonthly for 20 months. As J. Strom Thurmond Reservoir downstream from the dam became thermally stratified in May, fish vacated the tributaries. From June to October, all striped bass were found within the reservoir's historical Savannah River channel. By August, most of the instrumented fish were found in the upper section of the reservoir, where optimal habitat was available throughout the summer owing to cool, artificially oxygenated hypolimnetic discharges from Richard B. Russell Dam. In mid-October the reservoir destratified, and fish dispersed from their up-reservoir summering areas and redistributed themselves throughout the reservoir. During early winter, the striped bass returned to tributary habitat or down-reservoir areas and generally used these locations throughout the winter. The fish exhibited a high degree of site fidelity to their summering areas, source tributaries (after fall dispersal and throughout the winter), and spring spawning areas. Mean movement rates were highest in the spring and fall, corresponding to the migration from tributaries in May and the return migration after fall dispersal. Mean movement rates were lowest in summer and winter, corresponding to the periods of high fidelity to summering and wintering areas. The average monthly temperatures and dissolved oxygen concentrations in areas used by striped bass were 19.0-20.4??C and 4.86-6.44 mg/L during May-October, which corresponded to average monthly habitat suitability index values of 0.76-0.98. Striped bass avoided temperatures above 25.1??C and dissolved oxygen concentrations less than 2.3 mg/L.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0828:SBASFA>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Young, S., and Isely, J.J., 2002, Striped bass annual site fidelity and habitat utilization in J. Strom Thurmond Reservoir, South Carolina-Georgia: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 131, no. 5, p. 828-837, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0828:SBASFA>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"828","endPage":"837","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207266,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0828:SBASFA>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":232071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b74e4b08c986b31ced2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, S.P.","contributorId":50265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Isely, J. Jeffery","contributorId":97224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isely","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeffery","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024215,"text":"70024215 - 2002 - Diet dynamics of the adult piscivorous fish community in Spirit Lake, Iowa, USA 1995-1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70024215","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diet dynamics of the adult piscivorous fish community in Spirit Lake, Iowa, USA 1995-1997","docAbstract":"Diets of adults of six important piscivorous fish species, black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, northern pike Esox lucius, smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieui, walleye Stizostedion vitreum, and yellow perch Perca flavescens were quantified in Spirit Lake, Iowa, USA from May to October in 1995-1997. Forty-one prey taxa were found in the diets of these species, including 19 species of fish. The most important prey taxa overall were yellow perch, amphipods and dipterans. Diets of northern pike and walleye were dominated by yellow perch. Largemouth bass diets included large percentages of both yellow perch and black bullhead Ameiurus melas. Smallmouth bass diets included large percentages of both yellow perch and crayfish. Black crappie and yellow perch diets were dominated by invertebrates, primarily amphipods and dipterans. There were pronounced differences in diets among species, among size classes within species and over time. Most of the dominant prey taxa we documented in the diets of piscivorous species were in accordance with previous studies, but a few deviated significantly from expectations. Many of the temporal diet changes were asynchronous among piscivorous species and size classes, suggesting different responses to common prey resources over time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0633.2002.00015.x","issn":"09066691","usgsCitation":"Liao, H., Pierce, C., and Larscheid, J.G., 2002, Diet dynamics of the adult piscivorous fish community in Spirit Lake, Iowa, USA 1995-1997: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 11, no. 3, p. 178-189, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0633.2002.00015.x.","startPage":"178","endPage":"189","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489830,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/123","text":"External Repository"},{"id":207188,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0633.2002.00015.x"},{"id":231914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-08-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00d1e4b0c8380cd4f92e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liao, H.","contributorId":42752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liao","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, C.L. 0000-0001-5088-5431","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-5431","contributorId":93606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larscheid, J. G.","contributorId":11796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larscheid","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024212,"text":"70024212 - 2002 - Surface and downhole shear wave seismic methods for thick soil site investigations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-17T14:57:01.265587","indexId":"70024212","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface and downhole shear wave seismic methods for thick soil site investigations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Shear wave velocity–depth information is required for predicting the ground motion response to earthquakes in areas where significant soil cover exists over firm bedrock. Rather than estimating this critical parameter, it can be reliably measured using a suite of surface (non-invasive) and downhole (invasive) seismic methods. Shear wave velocities from surface measurements can be obtained using SH refraction techniques. Array lengths as large as 1000</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m and depth of penetration to 250</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m have been achieved in some areas. High resolution shear wave reflection techniques utilizing the common midpoint method can delineate the overburden-bedrock surface as well as reflecting boundaries within the overburden. Reflection data can also be used to obtain direct estimates of fundamental site periods from shear wave reflections without the requirement of measuring average shear wave velocity and total thickness of unconsolidated overburden above the bedrock surface. Accurate measurements of vertical shear wave velocities can be obtained using a seismic cone penetrometer in soft sediments, or with a well-locked geophone array in a borehole. Examples from thick soil sites in Canada demonstrate the type of shear wave velocity information that can be obtained with these geophysical techniques, and show how these data can be used to provide a first look at predicted ground motion response for thick soil sites.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00117-3","usgsCitation":"Hunter, J., Benjumea, B., Harris, J.B., Miller, R., Pullan, S.E., Burns, R.A., and Good, R.L., 2002, Surface and downhole shear wave seismic methods for thick soil site investigations: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 22, no. 9-12, p. 931-941, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00117-3.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"931","endPage":"941","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"9-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f90e4b08c986b31e690","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, J. A.","contributorId":94067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benjumea, B.","contributorId":52366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benjumea","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, J. B.","contributorId":80441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pullan, S. E.","contributorId":87329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pullan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burns, R. A.","contributorId":27640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burns","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Good, R. L.","contributorId":70561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Good","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70024211,"text":"70024211 - 2002 - Methane hydrate in the global organic carbon cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70024211","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3531,"text":"Terra Nova","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methane hydrate in the global organic carbon cycle","docAbstract":"The global occurrence of methane hydrate in outer continental margins and in polar regions, and the magnitude of the amount of methane sequestered in methane hydrate suggest that methane hydrate is an important component in the global organic carbon cycle. Various versions of this cycle have emphasized the importance of methane hydrate, and in the latest version the role of methane hydrate is considered to be analogous to the workings of an electrical circuit. In this circuit the methane hydrate is a condenser and the consequences of methane hydrate dissociation are depicted as a resistor and inductor, reflecting temperature change and changes in earth surface history. These consequences may have implications for global change including global climate change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Terra Nova","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-3121.2002.00414.x","issn":"09544879","usgsCitation":"Kvenvolden, K., 2002, Methane hydrate in the global organic carbon cycle: Terra Nova, v. 14, no. 5, p. 302-306, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3121.2002.00414.x.","startPage":"302","endPage":"306","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207156,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3121.2002.00414.x"},{"id":231841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a552ae4b0c8380cd6d150","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024210,"text":"70024210 - 2002 - Linker-assisted immunoassay and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for the analysis of glyphosate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T08:35:36","indexId":"70024210","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linker-assisted immunoassay and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for the analysis of glyphosate","docAbstract":"<p>A novel, sensitive, linker-assisted enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (L'ELISA) was compared to on-line solidphase extraction (SPE) with high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) for the analysis of glyphosate in surface water and groundwater samples. The L'ELISA used succinic anhydride to derivatize glyphosate, which mimics the epitotic attachment of glyphosate to horseradish peroxidase hapten. Thus, L'ELISA recognized the derivatized glyphosate more effectively (detection limit of 0.1 μg/L) and with increased sensitivity (10-100 times) over conventional ELISA and showed the potential for other applications. The precision and accuracy of L'ELISA then was compared with on-line SPE/HPLC/MS, which detected glyphosate and its degradate derivatized with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate using negative-ion electrospray (detection limit 0.1 μg/L, relative standard deviation ±15%). Derivatization efficiency and matrix effects were minimized by adding an isotope-labeled glyphosate (2-<sup>13</sup>C<sup>15</sup>N). The accuracy of L'ELISA gave a false positive rate of 18% between 0.1 and 1.0 μg/L and a false positive rate of only 1% above 1.0 μg/L. The relative standard deviation was ±20%. The correlation of L'ELISA and HPLC/MS for 66 surface water and groundwater samples was 0.97 with a slope of 1.28, with many detections of glyphosate and its degradate in surface water but not in groundwater.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/ac020208y","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Lee, E., Zimmerman, L., Bhullar, B., and Thurman, E., 2002, Linker-assisted immunoassay and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for the analysis of glyphosate: Analytical Chemistry, v. 74, no. 19, p. 4937-4943, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac020208y.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4937","endPage":"4943","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231840,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207155,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac020208y"}],"volume":"74","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47cee4b0c8380cd679b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, E.A.","contributorId":48608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, L.R.","contributorId":28624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bhullar, B.S.","contributorId":107879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhullar","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024203,"text":"70024203 - 2002 - Survival models for harvest management of mourning dove populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-04T22:25:26.281744","indexId":"70024203","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival models for harvest management of mourning dove populations","docAbstract":"Quantitative models of the relationship between annual survival and harvest rate of migratory game-bird populations are essential to science-based harvest management strategies. I used the best available band-recovery and harvest data for mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) to build a set of models based on different assumptions about compensatory harvest mortality. Although these models suffer from lack of contemporary data, they can be used in development of an initial set of population models that synthesize existing demographic data on a management-unit scale, and serve as a tool for prioritization of population demographic information needs. Credible harvest management plans for mourning dove populations will require a long-term commitment to population monitoring and iterative population analysis.","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802937","usgsCitation":"Otis, D.L., 2002, Survival models for harvest management of mourning dove populations: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 66, no. 4, p. 1052-1063, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802937.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1052","endPage":"1063","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2bfe4b08c986b31f91e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otis, David L.","contributorId":64396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024201,"text":"70024201 - 2002 - Estimating terrestrial snow depth with the Topex-Poseidon altimeter and radiometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-30T13:00:49","indexId":"70024201","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating terrestrial snow depth with the Topex-Poseidon altimeter and radiometer","docAbstract":"<p>Active and passive microwave measurements obtained by the dual-frequency Topex-Poseidon radar altimeter from the Northern Great Plains of the United States are used to develop a snow pack radar backscatter model. The model results are compared with daily time series of surface snow observations made by the U.S. National Weather Service. The model results show that Ku-band provides more accurate snow depth determinations than does C-band. Comparing the snow depth determinations derived from the Topex-Poseidon nadir-looking passive microwave radiometers with the oblique-looking Satellite Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) passive microwave observations and surface observations shows that both instruments accurately portray the temporal characteristics of the snow depth time series. While both retrievals consistently underestimate the actual snow depths, the Topex-Poseidon results are more accurate.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2002.802463","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Papa, F., Legresy, B., Mognard, N.M., Josberger, E., and Remy, F., 2002, Estimating terrestrial snow depth with the Topex-Poseidon altimeter and radiometer: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 40, no. 10, p. 2162-2169, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2002.802463.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2162","endPage":"2169","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207099,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2002.802463"}],"volume":"40","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b51e4b0c8380cd52692","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Papa, F.","contributorId":31260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papa","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Legresy, B.","contributorId":23389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legresy","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mognard, N. M.","contributorId":27612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mognard","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Josberger, E.G.","contributorId":61161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Remy, F.","contributorId":91749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remy","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024197,"text":"70024197 - 2002 - The growth-temperature relation and preferred temperatures of juvenile lake herring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T11:35:11","indexId":"70024197","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":656,"text":"Advances in Limnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The growth-temperature relation and preferred temperatures of juvenile lake herring","docAbstract":"<p>Lake herring, Coregonus artedi, were once extremely abundant in the Great Lakes where they functioned as a major trophic integrator, directly linking the planktonic crustacean resource to lake trout. Salvelinus namaycush. Lake herring populations in the Great Lakes collapsed during the middle third of the 20th century due to overfishing, degradation of critical habitat in major production areas, and interaction with exotic species. Fishery and habitat impediments to the recovery of lake herring have been removed, and it may now be possible to reestablish the species in its former habitats in the Great Lakes if adverse interactions with exotic species can be controlled within acceptable limits. To determine the potential for thermal niche overlap and adverse interaction with exotic fishes, juvenile (age-0) lake herring were held in the laboratory at 5, 10, 15, 18, and 21 C, and fed ad libitum for 54 days. The optimum temperature for growth in weight was about 14.5 C, indicating the fundamental thermal niche was 12.5-16.5 C. Fish used in the growth study were also tested in a vertical thermal gradient tank to measure their final preferendum. The final preferendum, 16.5 C, was in close agreement with the optimum temperature for growth and within the fundamental thermal niche. Both the optimum temperature for growth and the final preferendum have been used as measures of thermal niche, but this is the first time both measures were made on the same group of fish. Published information on the fundamental thermal niche, preferred temperatures, thermal habitat use, and feeding habits of alewives, rainbow smelt, and ruffe, indicates they will co-occur in spring, or summer with age-0 lake herring and that collectively they pose a predation threat to small, age-0 lake herring.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Schweizerbart","issn":"00711128","usgsCitation":"Edsall, T., and Desorcie, T., 2002, The growth-temperature relation and preferred temperatures of juvenile lake herring: Advances in Limnology, v. 57, p. 335-342.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"342","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":321493,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.schweizerbart.de/publications/detail/isbn/9783510470594/Archiv_Advances_in_Limnology_57_Biology"}],"volume":"57","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacaae4b08c986b323650","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edsall, T.A.","contributorId":73549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Desorcie, T.J.","contributorId":96442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desorcie","given":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015271,"text":"1015271 - 2002 - How many kilojoules does a Black-billed Magpie nest cost?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-16T22:52:32","indexId":"1015271","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How many kilojoules does a Black-billed Magpie nest cost?","docAbstract":"<p>Energetic costs of nest construction are difficult to estimate for birds, and currently estimates are available for only a handful of species. In this paper, I estimate the minimum cost of nest construction by a pair of Black-billed Magpies (<i>Pica hudsonia</i>). Data on the number of sticks and mud pellets comprising a nest were used to determine the minimum number of trips required to construct the nest, and were combined with information on distances to the nearest sources of nesting materials, data on flight speeds, and bird morphometric measures to estimate costs of transporting nesting materials. For the Black-billed Magpie pair I observed, nest construction required a minimum of 2564 trips for nesting materials, 276.2 km of commuting, 8.4 h of flight, and cost 209.1 kJ. Spreading this cost over the 40 d required to build the nest yields an estimate of 2.61 kJ/adult/day. I compared this value to published estimates of daily metabolizable energy intake for Black-billed Magpies, and calculated that breeding adults would need to increase their daily intake between 0.7% and 1.0% to cover the energetic costs of nest construction. In contrast, egg laying is estimated to require a full 23% of the daily energy expenditure of female magpies. These values suggest the energetic cost of nest building in Black-billed Magpies is relatively insignificant.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Field Ornithologists","doi":"10.1648/0273-8570-73.3.292","usgsCitation":"Stanley, T., 2002, How many kilojoules does a Black-billed Magpie nest cost?: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 73, no. 3, p. 292-297, https://doi.org/10.1648/0273-8570-73.3.292.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"292","endPage":"297","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68806d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, T.R.","contributorId":61379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024196,"text":"70024196 - 2002 - Changes in population and agricultural land in conterminous United States counties, 1790 to 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-04T10:07:29","indexId":"70024196","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in population and agricultural land in conterminous United States counties, 1790 to 1997","docAbstract":"<p>We have developed a data set of changes in population and agricultural land for the conterminous United States at the county level, resulting in more spatial detail than in previously available compilations. The purpose was to provide data on the timing of land conversion as an input to dynamic models of the carbon cycle, although a wide variety of applications exist for the physical, biological, and social sciences. The spatial data represent the appropriate county boundaries for each census year between 1790 and 1997, and the census attributes are attached to the appropriate spatial region. The resulting time series and maps show the history of population (1790-1990) and the history of agricultural development (1850-1997). The patterns of agricultural development reflect the influences of climate, soil productivity, increases in population size, variations in the general economy, and technological changes in the energy, transportation, and agricultural sectors.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2001GB001843","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Waisanen, P.J., and Bliss, N.B., 2002, Changes in population and agricultural land in conterminous United States counties, 1790 to 1997: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 16, no. 4, p. 84-1-84-19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GB001843.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"84-1","endPage":"84-19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478779,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gb001843","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f420e4b0c8380cd4bb65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waisanen, Pamela J.","contributorId":62791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waisanen","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bliss, Norman B. 0000-0003-2409-5211 bliss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-5211","contributorId":1921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"Norman","email":"bliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024194,"text":"70024194 - 2002 - Preeruptive inflation and surface interferometric coherence characteristics revealed by satellite radar interferometry at Makushin Volcano, Alaska: 1993-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T12:04:56","indexId":"70024194","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preeruptive inflation and surface interferometric coherence characteristics revealed by satellite radar interferometry at Makushin Volcano, Alaska: 1993-2000","docAbstract":"<p>Pilot reports in January 1995 and geologic field observations from the summer of 1996 indicate that a relatively small explosive eruption of Makushin, one of the more frequently active volcanoes in the Aleutian arc of Alaska, occurred on 30 January 1995. Several independent radar interferograms that each span the time period from October 1993 to September 1995 show evidence of ???7 cm of uplift centered on the volcano's east flank, which we interpret as preeruptive inflation of a ???7-km-deep magma source (??V = 0.022 km3). Subsequent interferograms for 1995-2000, a period that included no reported eruptive activity, show no evidence of additional ground deformation. Interferometric coherence at C band is found to persist for 3 years or more on lava flow and other rocky surfaces covered with short grass and sparsely distributed tall grass and for at least 1 year on most pyroclastic deposits. On lava flow and rocky surfaces with dense tall grass and on alluvium, coherence lasts for a few months. Snow and ice surfaces lose coherence within a few days. This extended timeframe of coherence over a variety of surface materials makes C band radar interferometry an effective tool for studying volcano deformation in Alaska and other similar high-latitude regions.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000970","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., Power, J., McConnell, V., Wicks, C., and Dzurisin, D., 2002, Preeruptive inflation and surface interferometric coherence characteristics revealed by satellite radar interferometry at Makushin Volcano, Alaska: 1993-2000: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. 11, p. ECV 1-1-ECV 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000970.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"ECV 1-1","endPage":"ECV 1-13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478673,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb000970","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a820ce4b0c8380cd7b895","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Power, J.A.","contributorId":20765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McConnell, V.S.","contributorId":39975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConnell","given":"V.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wicks, C. Jr.","contributorId":87681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dzurisin, D.","contributorId":76067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024192,"text":"70024192 - 2002 - Mid-Holocene hydrologic model of the Shingobee watershed, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70024192","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mid-Holocene hydrologic model of the Shingobee watershed, Minnesota","docAbstract":"A hydrologifc model of the Shingobee Watershed in north-central Minnesota was developed to reconstruct mid-Holocene paleo-lake levels for Williams Lake, a surface-water body located in the southern portion of the watershed. Hydrologic parameters for the model were first estimated in a calibration exercise using a 9-yr historical record (1990-1998) of climatic and hydrologic stresses. The model reproduced observed temporal and spatial trends in surface/groundwater levels across the watershed. Mid-Holocene aquifer and lake levels were then reconstructed using two paleoclimatic data sets: CCM1 atmospheric general circulation model output and pollen-transfer functions using sediment core data from Williams Lake. Calculated paleo-lake levels based on pollen-derived paleoclimatic reconstructions indicated a 3.5-m drop in simulated lake levels and were in good agreement with the position of mid-Holocene beach sands observed in a Williams Lake sediment core transect. However, calculated paleolake levels based on CCM1 climate forcing produced only a 0.05-m drop in lake levels. We found that decreases in winter precipitation rather than temperature increases had the largest effect on simulated mid-Holocene lake levels. The study illustrates how watershed models can be used to critically evaluate paleoclimatic reconstructions by integrating geologic, climatic, limnologic, and hydrogeologic data sets. ?? 2002 University of Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.2002.2377","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Filby, S., Locke, S.M., Person, M., Winter, T.C., Rosenberry, D., Nieber, J., Gutowski, W., and Ito, E., 2002, Mid-Holocene hydrologic model of the Shingobee watershed, Minnesota: Quaternary Research, v. 58, no. 3, p. 246-254, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.2002.2377.","startPage":"246","endPage":"254","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487346,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ge_at_pubs/105","text":"External Repository"},{"id":231570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207028,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2002.2377"}],"volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56b9e4b0c8380cd6d7a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Filby, S.K.","contributorId":29988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filby","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Locke, Sharon M.","contributorId":21296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Person, M.A.","contributorId":91108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosenberry, D.O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":38500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":400343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nieber, J.L.","contributorId":47942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nieber","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gutowski, W.J.","contributorId":6623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutowski","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ito, E.","contributorId":24956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ito","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":1004047,"text":"1004047 - 2002 - National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Mortality Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-26T14:20:15","indexId":"1004047","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3499,"text":"Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Mortality Report","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Converse, K.A., Sohn, R., McLaughlin, G., and Lemanksi, C., 2002, National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Mortality Report: Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 38, no. 4, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -180.17578125,\n              17.14079039331665\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.17578125,\n              72.71190310803662\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.7421875,\n              72.71190310803662\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.7421875,\n              17.14079039331665\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.17578125,\n              17.14079039331665\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698449","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Converse, K. A.","contributorId":81436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sohn, R.","contributorId":8042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohn","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLaughlin, G.","contributorId":38506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lemanksi, C.","contributorId":76687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemanksi","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024191,"text":"70024191 - 2002 - Genetic structure of Columbia River redband trout populations in the Kootenai River drainage, Montana, revealed by microsatellite and allozyme loci","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T10:28:24","indexId":"70024191","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic structure of Columbia River redband trout populations in the Kootenai River drainage, Montana, revealed by microsatellite and allozyme loci","docAbstract":"<p>We describe the genetic divergence among 10 populations of redband trout Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri from the upper Columbia River drainage. Resident redband trout from two watersheds in the Kootenai River drainage and hatchery stocks of migratory Kamloops redband trout from Kootenay Lake, British Columbia, were analyzed using allele frequency data from microsatellite and allozyme loci. The Kamloops populations have significantly different allele frequencies from those of the Kootenai River drainage. Of the total genetic variation detected in the resident redband trout, 40.7% (microsatellites) and 15.5% (allozymes) were due to differences between populations from the two Kootenai River watersheds. The divergence among populations within each watershed, however, was less than 3.5% with both techniques. Our data indicate that watershed-specific broodstocks of redband trout are needed by fisheries managers for reintroduction or the supplementation of populations at risk of extinction.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<1093:GSOCRR>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Knudsen, K.L., Muhlfeld, C.C., Sage, G.K., and Leary, R., 2002, Genetic structure of Columbia River redband trout populations in the Kootenai River drainage, Montana, revealed by microsatellite and allozyme loci: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 131, no. 6, p. 1093-1105, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<1093:GSOCRR>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1093","endPage":"1105","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207027,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<1093:GSOCRR>2.0.CO;2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River, Kootenai River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.3447265625,\n              45.38301927899065\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.3447265625,\n              50.65294336725709\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.2802734375,\n              50.65294336725709\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.2802734375,\n              45.38301927899065\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.3447265625,\n              45.38301927899065\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"131","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1585e4b0c8380cd54e5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knudsen, Kathy L.","contributorId":41188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knudsen","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sage, George K. 0000-0003-1431-2286 ksage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2286","contributorId":87833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"George","email":"ksage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":400334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leary, Robb F.","contributorId":126726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leary","given":"Robb F.","affiliations":[{"id":6582,"text":"Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Missoula, Montana 59801, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":400335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1015269,"text":"1015269 - 2002 - Potential responses of riparian vegetation to dam removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T20:16:06","indexId":"1015269","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential responses of riparian vegetation to dam removal","docAbstract":"<p>Throughout the world, riparian habitats have been dramatically modified from their natural condition. Dams are one of the principal causes of these changes, because of their alteration of water and sediment regimes (<a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"I0006-3568-52-8-703-NILSSON1\">Nilsson and Berggren 2000</a>). Because of the array of ecological goods and services provided by natural riparian ecosystems (<a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"I0006-3568-52-8-703-NAIMAN1\">Naiman and Decamps 1997</a>), their conservation and restoration have become the focus of many land and water managers. Efforts to restore riparian habitats and other riverine ecosystems have included the management of flow releases downstream of dams to more closely mimic natural flows (<a class=\"link link-ref link-reveal xref-bibr\" data-open=\"I0006-3568-52-8-703-POFF1\">Poff et al. 1997</a>), but dam removal has received little attention as a possible approach to riparian restoration.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0703:PRORVT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Shafroth, P., Friedman, J.M., Auble, G., Scott, M.L., and Braatne, J., 2002, Potential responses of riparian vegetation to dam removal: BioScience, v. 52, no. 8, p. 703-712, https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0703:PRORVT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"703","endPage":"712","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478746,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0703:prorvt]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae16f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shafroth, P.B.","contributorId":65041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":44495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Auble, G.T.","contributorId":19505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scott, M. L.","contributorId":75090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"M.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Braatne, J.H.","contributorId":84317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braatne","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024186,"text":"70024186 - 2002 - Generalized linear and generalized additive models in studies of species distributions: Setting the scene","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70024186","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generalized linear and generalized additive models in studies of species distributions: Setting the scene","docAbstract":"An important statistical development of the last 30 years has been the advance in regression analysis provided by generalized linear models (GLMs) and generalized additive models (GAMs). Here we introduce a series of papers prepared within the framework of an international workshop entitled: Advances in GLMs/GAMs modeling: from species distribution to environmental management, held in Riederalp, Switzerland, 6-11 August 2001. We first discuss some general uses of statistical models in ecology, as well as provide a short review of several key examples of the use of GLMs and GAMs in ecological modeling efforts. We next present an overview of GLMs and GAMs, and discuss some of their related statistics used for predictor selection, model diagnostics, and evaluation. Included is a discussion of several new approaches applicable to GLMs and GAMs, such as ridge regression, an alternative to stepwise selection of predictors, and methods for the identification of interactions by a combined use of regression trees and several other approaches. We close with an overview of the papers and how we feel they advance our understanding of their application to ecological modeling. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(02)00204-1","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Guisan, A., Edwards, T., and Hastie, T., 2002, Generalized linear and generalized additive models in studies of species distributions: Setting the scene: Ecological Modelling, v. 157, no. 2-3, p. 89-100, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(02)00204-1.","startPage":"89","endPage":"100","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207281,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(02)00204-1"}],"volume":"157","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1539e4b0c8380cd54d11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guisan, Antoine","contributorId":47943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guisan","given":"Antoine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, T.C. Jr. 0000-0002-0773-0909","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":76486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"T.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hastie, T.","contributorId":36712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hastie","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024183,"text":"70024183 - 2002 - Unconventional shallow biogenic gas systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-07T11:53:55.720741","indexId":"70024183","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unconventional shallow biogenic gas systems","docAbstract":"Unconventional shallow biogenic gas falls into two distinct systems that have different attributes. Early-generation systems have blanketlike geometries, and gas generation begins soon after deposition of reservoir and source rocks. Late-generation systems have ringlike geometries, and long time intervals separate deposition of reservoir and source rocks from gas generation. For both types of systems, the gas is dominantly methane and is associated with source rocks that are not thermally mature. Early-generation biogenic gas systems are typified by production from low-permeability Cretaceous rocks in the northern Great Plains of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Montana. The main area of production is on the southeastern margin of the Alberta basin and the northwestern margin of the Williston basin. The huge volume of Cretaceous rocks has a generalized regional pattern of thick, non-marine, coarse clastics to the west and thinner, finer grained marine lithologies to the east. Reservoir rocks in the lower part tend to be finer grained and have lower porosity and permeability than those in the upper part. Similarly, source beds in the units have higher values of total organic carbon. Patterns of erosion, deposition, deformation, and production in both the upper and lower units are related to the geometry of lineament-bounded basement blocks. Geochemical studies show that gas and coproduced water are in equilibrium and that the fluids are relatively old, namely, as much as 66 Ma. Other examples of early-generation systems include Cretaceous clastic reservoirs on the southwestern margin of Williston basin and chalks on the eastern margin of the Denver basin. Late-generation biogenic gas systems have as an archetype the Devonian Antrim Shale on the northern margin of the Michigan basin. Reservoir rocks are fractured, organic-rich black shales that also serve as source rocks. Although fractures are important for production, the relationships to specific geologic structures are not clear. Large quantities of water are coproduced with the gas, and geochemical data indicate that the water is fairly fresh and relatively young. Current thinking holds that biogenic gas was generated, and perhaps continues to be, when glacial meltwater descended into the plumbing system provided by fractures. Other examples of late-generation systems include the Devonian New Albany Shale on the eastern margin of the Illinois basin and the Tertiary coalbed methane production on the northwestern margin of the Powder River basin. Both types of biogenic gas systems have a similar resource development history. Initially, little technology is used, and gas is consumed locally; eventually, sweet spots are exploited, widespread unconventional reservoirs are developed, and transport of gas is interstate or international. However, drilling and completion techniques are very different between the two types of systems. Early-generation systems have water-sensitive reservoir rocks, and consequently water is avoided or minimized in drilling and completion. In contrast, water is an important constituent of late-generation systems; gas production is closely tied to dewatering the system during production. Existing production and resource estimates generally range from 10 to 100 tcf for both types of biogenic gas systems. Although both system types are examples of relatively continuous accumulations, the geologic frameworks constrain most-economic production to large geologic structures on the margins of basins. Shallow biogenic gas systems hold important resources to meet the increased domestic and international demands for natural gas.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/61EEDDC8-173E-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Shurr, G., and Ridgley, J., 2002, Unconventional shallow biogenic gas systems: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 86, no. 11, p. 1939-1969, https://doi.org/10.1306/61EEDDC8-173E-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"1939","endPage":"1969","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc2fe4b08c986b328ab7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shurr, G. W.","contributorId":43500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shurr","given":"G. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ridgley, J.L.","contributorId":17307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridgley","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}