Emerging infectious diseases pose threats to wildlife populations, as exemplified by recent outbreaks of avian influenza viruses in wild birds. Climate change can affect infection dynamics in wildlife through direct effects on pathogens (e.g., environmental decay rates) and changes to host ecology, including shifting migration patterns. Here, we adapt an existing mechanistic model that couples migration and infection to study how traits of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses contribute to HPAI outcomes in migratory waterfowl, then apply this model to explore potential impacts of climate change on HPAI dynamics. We find that the simulated impacts of HPAI on the host population under baseline climate conditions varied from no impact to 100% mortality, depending on viral traits. In most cases, traits related to transmission (i.e., contact rates, shedding rates) were more important for HPAI establishment probability, infection prevalence, and mortality than were other viral traits (e.g., environmental temperature sensitivity, cross-protective immunity). We then simulated the effects of climate change (i.e., altered temperature regimes) on HPAI dynamics both via viral environmental decay and via changes in bird migration phenology. In these simulations, we found that a 9-day advancement in spring migration timing increased the duration of HPAI outbreaks by increasing time birds spent at their breeding grounds, leading to higher mortality and fewer infections. In contrast, increased viral decay in warmer years had a smaller, but opposite impact. These patterns depended on the primary transmission mode of HPAI (i.e., direct vs. environmental) and its sensitivity to environmental temperatures. Together, these results suggest that climate change is likely to increase the impacts of HPAI on waterfowl populations if HPAI relies strongly on direct transmission and birds advance their spring migration. Further integrating host-viral co-evolution and other climatic changes (e.g., salinity, humidity) could provide more precise predictions of how HPAI dynamics could change in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013451","usgsCitation":"Teitelbaum, C.S., Casazza, M.L., Overton, C.T., Matchett, E., and Prosser, D.J., 2025, Host responses and viral traits interact to shape the impacts of climate warming on highly pathogenic avian influenza in migratory waterfowl: PLOS Computational Biology., v. 21, no. 10, e1013451, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013451.","productDescription":"e1013451, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-157531","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013451","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":497015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, California, Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.20078647084972,\n 61.26021297898512\n ],\n [\n -149.09364902779188,\n 62.66876277882301\n ],\n [\n -162.90133171617495,\n 63.7331238783043\n ],\n [\n -166.54926553897377,\n 61.85068028365225\n ],\n [\n -164.23587380154524,\n 59.41592981040935\n ],\n [\n -158.791073273557,\n 57.922862761320914\n ],\n [\n -148.20078647084972,\n 61.26021297898512\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.22676646003569,\n 44.192344518790605\n ],\n [\n -124.083446948291,\n 44.192344518790605\n ],\n [\n -124.083446948291,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -120.22676646003569,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -120.22676646003569,\n 44.192344518790605\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Teitelbaum, Claire Stewart 0000-0001-5646-3184","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5646-3184","contributorId":295336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teitelbaum","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"Stewart","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Overton, Cory T. 0000-0002-5060-7447 coverton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-7447","contributorId":3262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overton","given":"Cory","email":"coverton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Matchett, Elliott 0000-0001-5095-2884 ematchett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5095-2884","contributorId":5541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matchett","given":"Elliott","email":"ematchett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Prosser, Diann J. 0000-0002-5251-1799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":221167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"Diann","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70273513,"text":"70273513 - 2025 - Case study of deep learning image segmentation for the purposes of rapid 2D petrographic analysis in volcanic rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-22T14:31:14.015253","indexId":"70273513","displayToPublicDate":"2025-10-05T07:43:15","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7593,"text":"Volcanica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Case study of deep learning image segmentation for the purposes of rapid 2D petrographic analysis in volcanic rocks","docAbstract":"Automation using deep learning methods is a useful alternative to manual methods of petrographic segmentation, but often requires user familiarity with coding and/or algorithms. We examine the DragonflyTM program's deep learning tools for application by users with a variety of skill levels as a method for petrographic image segmentation. An image processing methodology, bimodal image stacking, was created for low-input-data, high-efficacy training of models which can then be applied to varied samples. Using backscatter electron images we show that the resulting model segmentations agree with manual segmentation total and modal crystallinity values within 5%, and calculated plagioclase crystal size distribution (CSD) values within 2σ, despite limitations in discriminating mafic phases. Model creation and training takes <24 hours, 1–3 hours of which are supervised, and the resultant model can then be applied to new uncharacterized samples in <15 minutes per image. This allows for non-experts to create and utilize deep learning models to segment images of variable brightness and texture, at low user-time cost and resulting in size and shape data which are within uncertainty of manual segmentation. While some limitations are noted (for example, sieve-textured phases may need manual correction, and different minerals with similar BSE intensity may not be resolved as separate phases), this methodology can be utilized for general application of models to wide ranges of volcanic crystalline and bubble textures, and to create a library of models for rapid petrological analysis during volcanic eruptions.
","language":"English","publisher":"OJS/PKP","doi":"10.30909/vol/gsfc1696","usgsCitation":"Halverson, B.A., Loewen, M.W., Dietterich, H., and Whittington, A., 2025, Case study of deep learning image segmentation for the purposes of rapid 2D petrographic analysis in volcanic rocks: Volcanica, v. 8, no. 2, p. 427-443, https://doi.org/10.30909/vol/gsfc1696.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"427","endPage":"443","ipdsId":"IP-168707","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498931,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol/gsfc1696","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":498793,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bogoslof Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -169.2081935551017,\n 55.01025512098417\n ],\n [\n -169.2081935551017,\n 53.07434331835552\n ],\n [\n -165.56066240589334,\n 53.07434331835552\n ],\n [\n -165.56066240589334,\n 55.01025512098417\n ],\n [\n -169.2081935551017,\n 55.01025512098417\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halverson, Brenna A. 0009-0009-7766-7384","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7766-7384","contributorId":365304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Halverson","given":"Brenna","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":87127,"text":"University of Texas San Antonio","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loewen, Matthew W. 0000-0002-5621-285X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5621-285X","contributorId":213321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loewen","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dietterich, Hannah R. 0000-0001-7898-4343","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7898-4343","contributorId":212771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietterich","given":"Hannah R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whittington, Alan 0000-0003-2477-3043","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2477-3043","contributorId":365305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittington","given":"Alan","affiliations":[{"id":87127,"text":"University of Texas San Antonio","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70274009,"text":"70274009 - 2025 - Mechanisms influencing thermal refuges and territory occupancy by collared pikas during summer and winter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-23T17:34:57.783598","indexId":"70274009","displayToPublicDate":"2025-10-02T10:29:41","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":899,"text":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanisms influencing thermal refuges and territory occupancy by collared pikas during summer and winter","docAbstract":"Collared pikas (Ochotona collaris) are cold adapted alpine lagomorphs of western Canada and Alaska, USA, that are vulnerable to direct and indirect effects of climate change. However, how and to what extent such changes influence persistence for this species is not well understood, particularly at fine spatial scales. Our goal was to evaluate how microclimate and microhabitat characteristics influence occupancy of collared pikas. We quantified thermal conditions during both summer and winter to test hypotheses about potential drivers of pika persistence. We recorded den occupancy and territory characteristics, including in situ measurements of den microclimate, across three study areas with contrasting climate gradients in southcentral and interior Alaska during 2017–2022. We examined changes in pika den occurrence by estimating annual colonization and extinction rates with a Bayesian dynamic occurrence model with forage availability, rock size, and multiple den temperature metrics as the explanatory variables. Our top model indicated that daily maximum temperature during both summer and winter best predicted den persistence and larger rocks had a moderating effect on warm summer den temperatures. This information helps to advance understanding about the mechanistic links between climate and population persistence for small mammal species under a rapidly changing arctic climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/15230430.2025.2502161","usgsCitation":"Harrison, L.A., Christie, K.S., Brandt, C., Falcy, M.R., Gilbert, S.L., Rachlow, J.L., 2025, Mechanisms influencing thermal refuges and territory occupancy by collared pikas during summer and winter: Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, v. 57, no. 1, 2502161, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2025.2502161.","productDescription":"2502161, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-179160","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2025.2502161","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":500431,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.45653673679158,\n 62.833897716435274\n ],\n [\n -154.87402485631074,\n 60.0726821448782\n ],\n [\n -149.37753560622093,\n 60.9339172578167\n ],\n [\n -141.32845624709518,\n 59.98407037941388\n ],\n [\n -140.91038491440708,\n 62.78570300568498\n ],\n [\n -148.1580130001717,\n 64.18918315969188\n ],\n [\n -155.45653673679158,\n 62.833897716435274\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrison, Lillian A.","contributorId":366637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrison","given":"Lillian","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christie, Katherine S.","contributorId":366638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christie","given":"Katherine","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brandt, Collette","contributorId":366639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brandt","given":"Collette","affiliations":[{"id":87498,"text":"Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Falcy, Matthew Richard 0000-0002-3332-2239","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3332-2239","contributorId":288500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falcy","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gilbert, Sophie L.","contributorId":366640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Sophie","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":87499,"text":"Vibrant Planet PBC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rachlow, Janet L.","contributorId":366641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rachlow","given":"Janet","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70272669,"text":"70272669 - 2025 - Monitoring Pacific walrus coastal haulouts by satellite to estimate herd abundance and distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-07T17:33:27.413096","indexId":"70272669","displayToPublicDate":"2025-10-02T10:23:23","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring Pacific walrus coastal haulouts by satellite to estimate herd abundance and distribution","docAbstract":"The Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) has a single, panmictic stock that ranges across the Bering and Chukchi Seas. However, its seasonal distribution is incompletely described, particularly in autumn when herds gather on shore, and abundance is of interest to management entities. We monitored walrus herds using satellite imagery on shore across their summer and autumn range in the Chukchi Sea to provide insights on seasonal distribution and abundance. During each study year (2017–2024), we documented walrus herd abundance at 8 Chukchi Sea haulouts based on the herd area detected in satellite imagery multiplied by herd density estimates derived from aerial survey data. In contrast to historical seasonal use, we found large herds on shore at only 3 sites, 1 in Alaska and 2 in northern Chukotka (Russia). In 2022, we observed a very large herd with an abundance (and 90% prediction interval) of 184,000 (min–max = 153,000–214,000) northwest of the Bering Strait, which enabled us to estimate a minimum population size (Nmin) by correcting the abundance estimate by the proportion of walruses that may be hauled out and available for detection. Our estimate of 250,000 was commensurate with the Nmin estimate (214,000) from a 2013–2017 Pacific walrus genetic mark-recapture study.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.1614","usgsCitation":"Fischbach, A., Taylor, R.L., and Douglas, D., 2025, Monitoring Pacific walrus coastal haulouts by satellite to estimate herd abundance and distribution: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 49, no. 4, e1614, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1614.","productDescription":"e1614, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-177020","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497118,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1614","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":497014,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -179.93329442452998,\n 71.88906251809732\n ],\n [\n -179.83432013170355,\n 67.84896545701015\n ],\n [\n -173.47189614919742,\n 65.81108912941576\n ],\n [\n -169.36873613536477,\n 65.64307141045649\n ],\n [\n -162.35050637387656,\n 66.07780618690225\n ],\n [\n -159.94513066611069,\n 70.71050879067744\n ],\n [\n -179.93329442452998,\n 71.88906251809732\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 177.62607489674906,\n 72.2560194763146\n ],\n [\n 177.62607489674906,\n 68.47301701440111\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 68.47301701440111\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 72.2560194763146\n ],\n [\n 177.62607489674906,\n 72.2560194763146\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischbach, Anthony S. 0000-0002-6555-865X afischbach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6555-865X","contributorId":200780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischbach","given":"Anthony S.","email":"afischbach@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Rebecca L. 0000-0001-8459-7614 rebeccataylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8459-7614","contributorId":5112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Rebecca","email":"rebeccataylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70272617,"text":"70272617 - 2025 - Combining scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence to characterize shear zones at the Pogo gold deposit, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-25T14:13:35.991175","indexId":"70272617","displayToPublicDate":"2025-10-01T09:44:09","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Combining scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence to characterize shear zones at the Pogo gold deposit, Alaska","docAbstract":"This study employs a multi-method analytical approach to characterize the mineralogical, geochemical, and textural properties of fault rocks from the Pogo gold mine in the Yukon-Tanana Upland, central Alaska. Specifically, we examine cataclasites, to document the structural and geochemical evolution of shear zones and their associations with gold mineralization. \nTo investigate the shear zone, we integrate portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF), scanning electron microscopy-based automated mineralogy (SEM-AM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and high-resolution micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) mapping. These methods collectively provide insights into bulk and trace element chemistry, mineralogical composition, and deformation-related textures across multiple scales. Handheld pXRF enables rapid geochemical screening, guiding SEM-AM and XRD analyses to ensure consistent mineralogical interpretation. X-ray diffraction identifies and quantifies crystalline phases, while SEM-AM produces high-resolution mineral maps, revealing mineral abundances, grain-scale textures, and gold associations. Micro-XRF mapping further refines our understanding by showing visual trace element distributions at sub-millimetre resolution.\nBy integrating these techniques, we improve our understanding of the nature and geochemistry of Pogo shear zones, their role in gold mineralization, and support metallurgical processing strategies. This approach enhances exploration models and resource characterization for structurally complex gold deposits.","conferenceTitle":"18th SGA Biennial Meeting","conferenceDate":"August 3-7, 2025","conferenceLocation":"Golden, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits (SGA)","usgsCitation":"Pfaff, K.I., Kasprowicz, F., Caine, J., Benzel, W., and Lowers, H.A., 2025, Combining scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence to characterize shear zones at the Pogo gold deposit, Alaska, 18th SGA Biennial Meeting, v. 3, Golden, CO, August 3-7, 2025, p. 1157-1160.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1157","endPage":"1160","ipdsId":"IP-176764","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496856,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.e-sga.org/publications/conference-proceedings"},{"id":496827,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pfaff, Katharina I. 0000-0002-6605-2722","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6605-2722","contributorId":362430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfaff","given":"Katharina","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kasprowicz, Filip","contributorId":363040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kasprowicz","given":"Filip","affiliations":[{"id":86594,"text":"Center to Advance the Science of Exploration to Reclamation in Mining, Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caine, Jonathan Saul 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":199295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan Saul","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":950953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benzel, William 0000-0002-4085-1876 wbenzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4085-1876","contributorId":3594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benzel","given":"William","email":"wbenzel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lowers, Heather A. 0000-0001-5360-9264 hlowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":191307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70272614,"text":"70272614 - 2025 - Deformation mechanisms in quartz veins and shear zones elucidate the origin of gold mineralization at Pogo, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-25T22:13:55.158426","indexId":"70272614","displayToPublicDate":"2025-10-01T09:02:53","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Deformation mechanisms in quartz veins and shear zones elucidate the origin of gold mineralization at Pogo, Alaska","docAbstract":"Pogo is a quartz vein hosted, ca. 8 Moz gold deposit. Although it has similarities to orogenic and magmatic-hydrothermal deposits, its origin remains enigmatic. Observations from surface exposures, underground workings, and drill core provide new constraints on quartz vein origins with implications for mineralization. Abundant, largely barren metamorphic segregation quartz veins are found throughout interior Alaska and share characteristics with mineralized quartz veins at Pogo. Pogo quartz veins show crystal plastic deformation fabrics consistent with greenschist to amphibolite facies metamorphism and a lack of internal shear. In contrast, gold in Pogo quartz veins occurs in brittle microfaults and fractures with sulphides such as arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite. Major and minor cataclastic shear zones also exist at Pogo. Cataclastic shear zones commonly cut the mineralized quartz veins and porphyroclasts are dominated by quartz with the same plastic deformation fabrics found in the major Pogo quartz veins. The porphyroclasts, and the carbonaceous clay-rich matrix they sit in, also contain gold indicating that the shear zones postdate quartz and earliest gold deposition. These observations suggest that competency contrasts between the quartz veins and their phyllosilicate-rich host rocks controlled transient permeability formed by late, preferential brittle deformation events localizing sulphide ± gold deposition.
","conferenceTitle":"18th SGA Biennial Meeting","conferenceDate":"August 3-7, 2025","conferenceLocation":"Golden, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits (SGA)","usgsCitation":"Caine, J., Kreiner, D.C., and Lowers, H.A., 2025, Deformation mechanisms in quartz veins and shear zones elucidate the origin of gold mineralization at Pogo, Alaska, 18th SGA Biennial Meeting, v. 1, Golden, CO, August 3-7, 2025, p. 285-288.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"288","ipdsId":"IP-176857","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496820,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.e-sga.org/publications/conference-proceedings"},{"id":496821,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caine, Jonathan Saul 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":199295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan Saul","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":950948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kreiner, Douglas C. 0000-0002-4405-1403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4405-1403","contributorId":220474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreiner","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowers, Heather A. 0000-0001-5360-9264 hlowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":191307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70273784,"text":"70273784 - 2025 - Mosquitos, forage and the future of Arctic caribou","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-29T14:44:33.007555","indexId":"70273784","displayToPublicDate":"2025-10-01T08:40:01","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":25,"text":"Newsletter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":30,"text":"Newsletter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":23285,"text":"The Circle","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":30}},"title":"Mosquitos, forage and the future of Arctic caribou","docAbstract":"Climate change in the Arctic is altering summer forage and insect conditions for migratory caribou. Warmer, earlier summers can mean increased forage quantity, but reduced quality. At the same time, these conditions can trigger earlier, more intense periods of insect harassment. As HEATHER JOHNSON writes, these changes are associated with shifts in migratory caribou behaviours and distributions, along with their ability to survive and reproduce.","language":"English","publisher":"World Wildlife Fund","usgsCitation":"Johnson, H.E., 2025, Mosquitos, forage and the future of Arctic caribou: The Circle, v. 2025, no. 4, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-183033","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499222,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":499217,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.arcticwwf.org/the-circle/stories/mosquitoes-forage-and-the-future-of-arctic-caribou/#"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic","volume":"2025","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Heather E. 0000-0001-5392-7676 hejohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5392-7676","contributorId":205919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Heather","email":"hejohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70271982,"text":"sir20255031 - 2025 - User’s guide for the National Hydrography Dataset Plus High Resolution (NHDPlus HR)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70206120,"text":"ofr20191096 - 2019 - User's guide for the national hydrography dataset plus (NHDPlus) high resolution","indexId":"ofr20191096","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"displayTitle":"User’s Guide for the National Hydrography Dataset Plus (NHDPlus) High Resolution","title":"User's guide for the national hydrography dataset plus (NHDPlus) high resolution"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70271982,"text":"sir20255031 - 2025 - User’s guide for the National Hydrography Dataset Plus High Resolution (NHDPlus HR)","indexId":"sir20255031","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"title":"User’s guide for the National Hydrography Dataset Plus High Resolution (NHDPlus HR)"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-03T16:23:33.096091","indexId":"sir20255031","displayToPublicDate":"2025-09-30T13:20:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-5031","displayTitle":"User’s Guide for the National Hydrography Dataset Plus High Resolution (NHDPlus HR)","title":"User’s guide for the National Hydrography Dataset Plus High Resolution (NHDPlus HR)","docAbstract":"The National Hydrography Dataset Plus High Resolution (NHDPlus HR) is a scalable hydrologic geospatial fabric or framework, built from (1) the High Resolution (1:24,000-scale or better) National Hydrography Dataset (NHD), (2) nationally complete Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD), and (3) 1/3-arc-second 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) digital elevation model (DEM) data (at a 10-meter ground spacing; or 5-meter 3DEP DEM in Alaska only). The NHDPlus HR provides a modeling and assessment framework at a local 1:24,000 scale, while nesting seamlessly into the national context.
NHDPlus HR is modeled after the highly successful NHDPlus version 2 (NHDPlusV2). Like NHDPlusV2, the NHDPlus HR includes data for a nationally seamless network of stream reaches, elevation-based catchment areas, flow surfaces, and value-added attributes that enhance stream-network navigation, analysis, and data display. However, NHDPlus HR provides much greater spatial detail than NHDPlusV2, while NHDPlusV2 is, at present, more complete in its attribution of additions, removals, and diversions, as well as stream connectivity. This user’s guide is intended to provide necessary information and guidance in the use of NHDPlus HR data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255031","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","programNote":"National Geospatial Program","usgsCitation":"Moore, R.B., McKay, L.D., Rea, A.H., Bondelid, T.R., Price, C.V., Dewald, T.G., and Hayes, L., 2025, User’s guide for the National Hydrography Dataset Plus High Resolution (NHDPlus HR): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5031, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255031. [Supersedes USGS Open-File Report 2019–1096.]","productDescription":"Report: xiii, 78 p.; 2 Data Releases; Project Site","numberOfPages":"78","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-150034","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496237,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5031/sir20255031.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2025-5031 XML"},{"id":496238,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5031/images"},{"id":496239,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9WFOBQI","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National Hydrography Dataset Plus High Resolution National Release 1 FileGDB"},{"id":496240,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://apps.nationalmap.gov/downloader/#/","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"The National Map downloader (ver. 2.0)"},{"id":496273,"rank":8,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/national-hydrography/nhdplus-high-resolution","text":"NHDPlus High Resolution"},{"id":496236,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20255031/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2025-5031 HTML"},{"id":496235,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5031/sir20255031.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.55 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2025-5031 PDF"},{"id":496234,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5031/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, National Geospatial Program
Core Science Systems
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 511
Reston, VA 20192
Earthquake-generated tsunamis represent substantial economic threats to states and territories in the United States (U.S.), but we are unaware of any effort to quantify potential impacts at the national level. This gap is partially due to the lack of nationally consistent data on tsunamigenic sources and associated return periods. This study addresses this issue and provides estimates of average annualized losses (AAL) for potential residential fatalities and capital stock losses associated with building damage (i.e., structural, non-structural, contents, and inventory damage) in the U.S. by curating tsunami-hazard information based on deterministic scenarios and probabilistic approaches, calculating potential losses, and estimating return periods where necessary. This assessment was done for the U.S. West Coast, Alaska, Hawaii, U.S. Pacific Territories, and U.S. Atlantic Territories. We estimate that earthquake-generated tsunamis that could affect these states and territories collectively represent $1 billion in potential AAL with 79 % of losses due to residential fatalities and 21 % of losses due to capital stock losses from building damage. We identify AAL variations based on county and county equivalents, states and territories, geographic regions, return periods, and departure-delay assumptions for evacuating residents. Results include high AAL values for potential fatalities in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Pacific Northwest region, high AAL values for potential building-related damage in Hawaii and California, and high building- and population-loss ratios for county equivalents in Alaska and U.S. territories.
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nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":3347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":949657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheehan, Anne 0009-0005-0636-6892","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0636-6892","contributorId":358952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheehan","given":"Anne","affiliations":[{"id":30786,"text":"FEMA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":949658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bausch, Douglas","contributorId":222624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bausch","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40570,"text":"NiyamIT, Leesburg, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":949659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yeager, Cadie Goulette 0009-0002-6966-1811","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6966-1811","contributorId":361919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yeager","given":"Cadie","middleInitial":"Goulette","affiliations":[{"id":86387,"text":"Niyam IT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":949660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zuzak, Casey","contributorId":287432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zuzak","given":"Casey","affiliations":[{"id":61582,"text":"FEMA Risk Mgmt Directorate","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":949661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sims, Jennifer","contributorId":332568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sims","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54845,"text":"NiyamIT Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":949662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hoke, Ashley 0009-0003-4755-0739","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4755-0739","contributorId":361920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoke","given":"Ashley","affiliations":[{"id":86387,"text":"Niyam IT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":949663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70271928,"text":"70271928 - 2025 - Bears avoid residential neighborhoods in response to the experimental reduction of anthropogenic attractants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-24T14:52:24.787526","indexId":"70271928","displayToPublicDate":"2025-09-22T07:45:27","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3910,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","onlineIssn":"2296-701X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bears avoid residential neighborhoods in response to the experimental reduction of anthropogenic attractants","docAbstract":"Introduction: Urbanization is an extreme form of land use alteration, with human development driving changes in the distribution of resources available to wildlife. Some large carnivores have learned to exploit anthropogenic food resources in urban development, resulting in human-carnivore conflict that can have detrimental impacts to people and carnivores, as exemplified by American black bears. Management agencies commonly promote the use of bear-resistant garbage containers for reducing conflicts, but little is known about the actual behavioral responses of bears to this intervention.
Methods: To understand whether black bears alter their behavior in response to changes in residential waste management, we investigated patterns of bear behavior in Durango, Colorado, where anthropogenic attractants were experimentally manipulated. Using location data from collared black bears, we modeled resource selection and movement in response to areas that had received bear-resistant garbage containers compared to those that did not.
Results: Bears avoided residential areas where garbage availability had been reduced, and this avoidance response increased over subsequent years, potentially suggesting that bears were learning from the management intervention. Bear movement rates, however, were not notably affected by the garbage reduction.
Discussion: Our findings highlight the importance of reducing the availability of anthropogenic attractants for changing bear behavior and reducing risk of urban human-bear conflict, and that these responses can strengthen over time as bears learn from the management intervention.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fevo.2025.1657106","usgsCitation":"Venumière-Lefebvre, C.C., Johnson, H.E., Breck, S.W., Alldredge, M.W., and Crooks, K.R., 2025, Bears avoid residential neighborhoods in response to the experimental reduction of anthropogenic attractants: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, v. 13, 1657106, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2025.1657106.","productDescription":"1657106, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-180355","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2025.1657106","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":496001,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Durango","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.03713489993451,\n 37.40217470571062\n ],\n [\n -108.03713489993451,\n 37.19518187022882\n ],\n [\n -107.73739324514958,\n 37.19518187022882\n ],\n [\n -107.73739324514958,\n 37.40217470571062\n ],\n [\n -108.03713489993451,\n 37.40217470571062\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Venumière-Lefebvre, Cassandre C.","contributorId":361762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Venumière-Lefebvre","given":"Cassandre","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":949407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Heather E. 0000-0001-5392-7676 hejohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5392-7676","contributorId":205919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Heather","email":"hejohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":949408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Breck, Stewart W.","contributorId":361764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breck","given":"Stewart","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":36589,"text":"USDA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":949409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alldredge, Mathew W.","contributorId":361766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alldredge","given":"Mathew","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":39887,"text":"Colorado Parks and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":949410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crooks, Kevin R.","contributorId":361768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crooks","given":"Kevin","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":949411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70271944,"text":"70271944 - 2025 - Accounting for seasonal patterns in bird availability prevents biased population trend estimates with advancing spring phenology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-09T15:59:54.888313","indexId":"70271944","displayToPublicDate":"2025-09-20T09:42:37","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9101,"text":"Ornithological Applications","printIssn":"0010-5422","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accounting for seasonal patterns in bird availability prevents biased population trend estimates with advancing spring phenology","docAbstract":"Advancing spring phenology has been observed around the world, including changes in the timing of breeding of birds. When singing rates are tied to breeding stage, the rate at which birds are available for detection by surveyors can also show seasonal patterns that may shift with spring phenology. As the timing of peak bird availability changes over years, monitoring programs that do not account for changing availability could incorrectly conclude that there is a change in population size. We used a 20-yr point-count dataset to test for relationships between bird availability and spring vegetation phenology for 27 species in boreal Alaska. Nine of 22 migratory species showed a significant effect of day of spring (DOS) on availability, usually with availability declining over the survey window (late spring and early summer). In contrast, 3 of 5 resident species showed availability increasing over the survey window. We then conducted a simulation study to evaluate how changing spring phenology could affect estimates of population trend under a static survey window. We found that including DOS in the model as a covariate of availability prevented bias in the trend estimates and did not reduce precision. However, when the model ignored the effect of DOS on availability, population trend estimates were often significantly biased when spring phenology was advancing. Our study adds to previous evidence that bird availability is often related to spring phenology, and demonstrates that failing to account for seasonal changes in availability could result in the spurious estimation of a population trend when spring phenology changes over time. In some cases, the bias could be large enough to change species status assessments under IUCN Red List Criteria. Monitoring programs for birds and other taxa with seasonally varying availability could avoid bias by simply measuring and modeling the relationship between DOS and availability.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duaf052","usgsCitation":"Weiser, E.L., Johnson, J., Matsuoka, S.M., and Handel, C.M., 2025, Accounting for seasonal patterns in bird availability prevents biased population trend estimates with advancing spring phenology: Ornithological Applications, v. 127, no. 4, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duaf052.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-178417","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496081,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"127","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weiser, Emily L. 0000-0003-1598-659X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1598-659X","contributorId":213770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiser","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":949463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, James","contributorId":173063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":949464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Matsuoka, Steven M. 0000-0001-6415-1885 smatsuoka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6415-1885","contributorId":184173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsuoka","given":"Steven","email":"smatsuoka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":949465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":949466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70271523,"text":"70271523 - 2025 - Energetic value of Arctic forage-sized fish with implications for a nearshore seabird predator","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-18T15:25:56.527767","indexId":"70271523","displayToPublicDate":"2025-09-17T08:16:26","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2660,"text":"Marine Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Energetic value of Arctic forage-sized fish with implications for a nearshore seabird predator","docAbstract":"Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida, also called polar cod) are considered the single most important Arctic forage fish due to their high abundance and nutritional quality. Because Arctic cod are strongly ice associated and prefer colder waters, their frequency in coastal waters has declined with warming, decreasing availability to nearshore predators. To consider the nutritional quality of alternative prey, we measured energy density and estimated whole-body energy of forage-size (39–200 mm) fishes collected during summers 2021–2023 (n = 274). The fishes sampled included 16 potential prey species from Foggy Island Bay (70.3°N, 147.5°W, near Prudhoe Bay) and Lion Bay (70.2°N, 146.4°W, near Flaxman Island), northern Alaska. Dry weight energy densities ranged from 16.2 to 27.5 kJ g-1 (mean ± SD = 22.0 ± 1.73 kJ g-1, n = 274) across individuals. Of common species, Arctic cod had the highest mean energy density (24.3 ± 1.1 kJ g-1, n = 25) and fourhorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) had the lowest (19.7 ± 0.8 kJ g-1, n = 20). To account for size differences among prey species, whole-body energy of typical fish sizes available to predators were modeled using whole-body energy to length relationships and length distributions. Juvenile salmonids (e.g., ciscoes and whitefishes) provided the most energy per individual and were four-fold greater than smaller-bodied Arctic cod. Predators that consume juvenile ciscoes and whitefishes may be more resilient to declines in Arctic cod availability than predators with smaller gapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/s00227-025-04705-5","usgsCitation":"Stanek, A.E., Uher-Koch, B.D., Dunton, K.H., and von Biela, V.R., 2025, Energetic value of Arctic forage-sized fish with implications for a nearshore seabird predator: Marine Biology, v. 172, 157, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-025-04705-5.","productDescription":"157, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-171231","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-025-04705-5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":495713,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.2117957640097,\n 71.3543754933907\n ],\n [\n -157.2117957640097,\n 69.83926146873208\n ],\n [\n -145.833226056111,\n 69.83926146873208\n ],\n [\n -145.833226056111,\n 71.3543754933907\n ],\n [\n -157.2117957640097,\n 71.3543754933907\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"172","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanek, Ashley E. 0000-0001-5184-2126","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5184-2126","contributorId":290682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanek","given":"Ashley","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":948998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Uher-Koch, Brian D. 0000-0002-1885-0260 buher-koch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1885-0260","contributorId":5117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uher-Koch","given":"Brian","email":"buher-koch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":948999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunton, Kenneth H. 0000-0003-3498-8021","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3498-8021","contributorId":361574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunton","given":"Kenneth","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":47685,"text":"Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":949000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"von Biela, Vanessa R. 0000-0002-7139-5981 vvonbiela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-5981","contributorId":3104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Biela","given":"Vanessa","email":"vvonbiela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":949001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70272741,"text":"70272741 - 2025 - Paleoproterozoic vein graphite mineralization caused by decarbonation in the Ruby Range, Montana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-08T17:01:10.120498","indexId":"70272741","displayToPublicDate":"2025-09-15T10:55:32","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Paleoproterozoic vein graphite mineralization caused by decarbonation in the Ruby Range, Montana, USA","docAbstract":"Hydrothermal graphite veins are a possible source for modern battery materials and require better understanding of their carbon source(s) and absolute timing to develop mapable criteria for exploration models. We present new observations of graphite vein and alteration paragenesis and U-Pb LA-ICP-MS titanite age data from the Ruby prospect, Montana, USA, that constrain mineralization timing and source. The graphite veins cut high-temperature metamorphic rocks of the lower Christensen Range suite and are associated with intense diopside (Di0.69Hd0.27Jo0.04) alteration of marble. The oldest titanite ages in fresh marble and partially altered calc-silicate gneiss are ca. 2,500 – 2,450 Ma, show elevated REE values, and Eu/Eu* <1.5, consistent with growth during early regional metamorphism. Titanite in diopside-graphite alteration, interpreted as part of the hydrothermal vein-forming episode, cluster around 1,750 Ma, are characterized by lower REE values, and show Eu/Eu* >2; suggesting a low fO2 fluid generated from metamorphism during the Big Sky orogeny. Our paragenetic observations and titanite ages indicate graphite vein formation via skarnoid decarbonation reactions in marble late in regional orogenesis. Granulite-facies, carbonate-bearing, supracrustal rock terranes are thus favorable for hydrothermal graphite vein deposits.
","conferenceTitle":"18th SGA Biennial Meeting","conferenceDate":"August 3-7, 2025","conferenceLocation":"Golden, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits","usgsCitation":"Case, G.N., Thompson, J.M., and Regan, S.P., 2025, Paleoproterozoic vein graphite mineralization caused by decarbonation in the Ruby Range, Montana, USA, 18th SGA Biennial Meeting, v. 1, Golden, CO, August 3-7, 2025, p. 197-200.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"200","ipdsId":"IP-175952","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497205,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.e-sga.org/publications/conference-proceedings"},{"id":497206,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United STates","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Ruby Range","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Case, George N.D. 0000-0001-9826-5661 gcase@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9826-5661","contributorId":224941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"George","email":"gcase@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.D.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Jay M. 0000-0003-3322-0870","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3322-0870","contributorId":329664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Jay","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Regan, Sean P. 0000-0002-8445-5138","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8445-5138","contributorId":360816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regan","given":"Sean","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70266124,"text":"70266124 - 2025 - Assessing United States gallium and germanium resources in basin-hosted deposits – The good and bad","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-05T14:34:55.032351","indexId":"70266124","displayToPublicDate":"2025-09-15T10:45:43","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Assessing United States gallium and germanium resources in basin-hosted deposits – The good and bad","docAbstract":"Basin-hosted Zn-Pb deposits, including MVT and clastic-dominated (CD or “Sedex”) Zn-Pb deposits are major sources of Zn and Pb, as well as other critical elements. We examined available whole rock and sphalerite chemistry data to understand the apparent variation of Ga and Ge among major current and historical districts of the United States (US). Robust data from the Central Tennessee district demonstrate Ga and Ge enrichment. Limited historical data suggesting anomalous concentrations in the nearby Central Kentucky and Illinois-Kentucky districts imply a possible similar fluid chemistry for Ga and Ge transport. The deposits of the Red Dog district, Alaska, also have anomalous concentrations of Ge, but not Ga. Our work demonstrates the utility of whole rock geochemistry to identify potential critical element resources. Highly qualitative estimates, based on geochemical data, indicate that these basin-hosted deposits contain Ge (and in the case of Central Tennessee, Ge and Ga) resources of potentially sufficient size to provide decades of resources if appropriate domestic processing is developed.","conferenceTitle":"18th SGA Biennial Meeting","conferenceDate":"August 3-7, 2025","conferenceLocation":"Golden, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Geology Applied to Ore Deposits","usgsCitation":"Graham, G.E., and Tharalson, E., 2025, Assessing United States gallium and germanium resources in basin-hosted deposits – The good and bad, 18th SGA Biennial Meeting, v. 1, Golden, CO, August 3-7, 2025, p. 134-137.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"134","endPage":"137","ipdsId":"IP-176763","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499508,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.e-sga.org/publications/conference-proceedings"},{"id":499509,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, Garth E. 0000-0003-0657-0365 ggraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0657-0365","contributorId":1031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Garth","email":"ggraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":934664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tharalson, Erik Roger 0000-0002-3892-4458","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3892-4458","contributorId":353883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tharalson","given":"Erik Roger","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":934665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70270174,"text":"70270174 - 2025 - Evidence for offset of Cretaceous plutons by the Tintina fault in eastern Alaska: Implications for regional metallogeny","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-19T15:36:46.95571","indexId":"70270174","displayToPublicDate":"2025-09-12T10:28:51","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evidence for offset of Cretaceous plutons by the Tintina fault in eastern Alaska: Implications for regional metallogeny","docAbstract":"Cretaceous magmatism in eastern interior Alaska is voluminous, but temporally and spatially diverse – suggestive of varying sources and drivers. More than 150 new U-Pb zircon and more than 500 geochemical analyses of Cretaceous plutonic units allow for the grouping of distinct plutonic suites. Magmatism was continuous from 120-66 Ma but can be grouped into temporally distinct pulses from ca. 115-100 Ma, 100-90 Ma, and 75-66 Ma. Geochemical diversity occurs during each pulse, further distinguishing multiple suites. Diverse metallogenic epochs are strongly correlated to pluton chemistry. Mineralization is largely absent prior to 108 Ma. From 108-100 Ma, plutonism is coeval with sparse, but notable Au-quartz veins with variable Bi, As, W, and Mo. From 100-90 Ma, intrusion-related mineralization zones from Au-Cu(-Bi) and U-Th in the northwest to central Au- Bi-As-Te(-W), and Mo-W to the southeast. Porphyry style Cu-Mo(-Au) occurrences occur with the latest Cretaceous plutons emplaced from 75-66 Ma . Restoration of ~450 km of dextral movement on the Tintina fault and comparison of metallogenic and geochemical characteristics of Alaska plutons suggest 100-90 Ma plutons may be the continuation of the metallogenically significant Tombstone, Mayo, and Tungsten suites from the Yukon.
","conferenceTitle":"18th SGA Biennial Meeting","conferenceDate":"August 3-7, 2025","conferenceLocation":"Golden, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits","usgsCitation":"Kreiner, D.C., Todd, E., Jones, J.V., Holm-Denoma, C., Pianowski, L., and O’Sullivan, P., 2025, Evidence for offset of Cretaceous plutons by the Tintina fault in eastern Alaska: Implications for regional metallogeny, 18th SGA Biennial Meeting, v. 1, Golden, CO, August 3-7, 2025, p. 29-32.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"32","ipdsId":"IP-177542","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495807,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.35962861711747,\n 66.93683184233925\n ],\n [\n -152.5099193605727,\n 65.44850930821072\n ],\n [\n -151.98004460356876,\n 64.60419684949497\n ],\n [\n -141.0348460065452,\n 63.034342184922565\n ],\n [\n -141.0348460065452,\n 66.21324024800344\n ],\n [\n -148.35962861711747,\n 66.93683184233925\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kreiner, Douglas C. 0000-0002-4405-1403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4405-1403","contributorId":220474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreiner","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Todd, Erin 0000-0002-4871-9730 etodd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4871-9730","contributorId":202811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Erin","email":"etodd@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, James V. III 0000-0002-6602-5935 jvjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6602-5935","contributorId":201245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jvjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holm-Denoma, Christopher S. 0000-0003-3229-5440","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-5440","contributorId":219763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm-Denoma","given":"Christopher S.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pianowski, Laura 0000-0002-5346-8251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5346-8251","contributorId":218817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pianowski","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":945646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O’Sullivan, Paul 0000-0002-7247-5107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7247-5107","contributorId":254377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Sullivan","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":51089,"text":"Geosep Services","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70270168,"text":"70270168 - 2025 - Synergy between geology and geophysics in graphite mineral resource assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-19T15:12:58.12429","indexId":"70270168","displayToPublicDate":"2025-09-12T10:05:31","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Synergy between geology and geophysics in graphite mineral resource assessment","docAbstract":"Graphite is designated as a critical mineral by the U.S. Government due to its essential role in modern technology and its vulnerability to supply chain disruption. To evaluate domestic graphite resources, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted two airborne electromagnetic (AEM) surveys as part of the Earth Mapping Resources Initiative (Earth MRI) over prospective areas in the southern Appalachians of Alabama and the Seward Peninsula of Alaska. These surveys aimed to refine areas of interest by revealing subsurface electrical resistivity patterns indicative of graphite-bearing rocks. The results of the AEM surveys were integrated with existing geological knowledge and supplemented by field observations to assess the likelihood of undiscovered resources in these regions. This multidisciplinary approach combined geophysical techniques with traditional geological methods, enhancing the understanding of graphite potential in areas that may have been previously overlooked. The findings from this initiative are expected to contribute significantly to the ongoing efforts to secure a reliable domestic supply of graphite, thereby reducing import reliance and supporting national interests in mineral resource management.","conferenceTitle":"18th SGA Biennial Meeting","conferenceDate":"August 3-7, 2025","conferenceLocation":"Golden, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits","usgsCitation":"Macqueen, P.G., Case, G.N., Bedrosian, P.A., Hammarstrom, J.M., Karl, S., Lederer, G.W., Bollen, E.M., Whitmore, J., VanDervoort, D., Emond, A.M., Fusso, L., Brown, P.J., Walsh, G., Labay, K.A., Stokes, M., and Stewart, A., 2025, Synergy between geology and geophysics in graphite mineral resource assessment, 18th SGA Biennial Meeting, v. 3, Golden, CO, August 3-7, 2025, p. 1235-1238.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1235","endPage":"1238","ipdsId":"IP-176049","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and 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At Geoscience Australia (GA) we saw an over 500% increase in data points within our relational databases between 2018 and 2024, over the life of the Exploring for the Future (EFTF) program. With the Resourcing Australia’s Prosperity initiative, a continued increase in data quantity will be seen for the next 10 to 35 years. At the same time, a broadening audience for geoscience data is increasing the desire to enhance the diversity of delivery streams. This ranges from data-dense highly technical outputs for geoscience specialists to curated interpretive products for people who are non-geoscientists. Development of these curated outputs has contributed to our awareness
of the need for data to be collected and compiled in a way that ensures its reuse, with a focus on quality metadata and data provenance.
The Miocene provides an excellent climatic analogue for near-future runaway anthropogenic warming, with atmospheric CO2 concentrations and global average temperatures similar to those projected for the coming century under extreme-emissions scenarios. However, the magnitude of Miocene Arctic warming remains unclear due to the scarcity of reliable proxy data. Here we use stable oxygen isotope and trace element analyses, alongside clumped isotope and fluid inclusion palaeothermometry of speleothems to reconstruct palaeo-environmental conditions near the Siberian Arctic coast during the Tortonian (8.68 ± 0.09 Ma). Stable oxygen isotope records suggest warmer-than-present temperatures. This is supported by temperature estimates based on clumped isotopes and fluid inclusions giving mean annual air temperatures between +6.6 and +11.1 °C, compared with −12.3 °C today. Trace elements records reveal a highly seasonal hydrological environment.
Our estimate of > 18 °C of Arctic warming supports the wider consensus of a warmer-than-present Miocene and provides a rare palaeo-analogue for future Arctic amplification under high-emissions scenarios. The reconstructed increase in mean surface temperature far exceeds temperatures projected in fully coupled global climate models, even under extreme-emissions scenarios. Given that climate models have consistently underestimated the extent of recent Arctic amplification, our proxy data suggest Arctic warming may exceed current projections.
An unknown occurrence of oil was detected near Avak Creek on Native lands on the North Slope of Alaska. Determining the source of oil was imperative for allowing stakeholders (Federal, State, and local government agencies and the landowner, an Alaska Native corporation) to make timely and informed decisions and mount a mitigation response, if required. The regional and local geological framework of the Avak Creek site was constructed using seismic surveys, well data, and basin modeling results, to identify local petroleum systems, map structural geometry and faults, define source rock thermal maturity distributions, and infer likely oil-migration pathways. Molecular hydrocarbon fingerprints (biomarkers, diamondoids, compound-specific isotopes) of the oil were compared to those of local and regional oil seeps, exploration well tests, and produced oils. Biomarker acid distributions characterized the history and extent of petroleum biodegradation. Integrating subsurface and geochemical parameters, the oil is interpreted to be a natural seep generated locally, predominantly from the Brookian Lower Cretaceous Hue Shale/gamma-ray zone, rather than an anthropogenic source of pollution. Results highlight sophisticated analytical technologies used to characterize complex, compositionally altered hydrocarbons. Results also advance our understanding of Brookian source rock distribution, subsurface petroleum migration pathways, and Arctic Alaska petroleum systems.
","conferenceTitle":"32nd International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry (IMOG) 2025","conferenceDate":"September 7-11, 2025","conferenceLocation":"Porto, Portugal","language":"English","publisher":"European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.202533156","usgsCitation":"Botterell, P.J., Houseknecht, D.W., Wycech, J.B., Moldowan, J.M., Lillis, P.G., Smith, R.A., and Maher, K., 2025, Avak Creek oil occurrence, North Slope, Alaska: Newly discovered oil seep on Native lands, near village of Utqiagvik, 32nd International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry (IMOG) 2025, v. 2025, Porto, Portugal, September 7-11, 2025, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202533156.","productDescription":"2 p.","ipdsId":"IP-175494","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":495609,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.earthdoc.org/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202533156","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Utqiagvik","volume":"2025","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Botterell, Palma J. 0000-0001-7140-0915 pjarboe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7140-0915","contributorId":5805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Botterell","given":"Palma","email":"pjarboe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":948885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houseknecht, David W 0000-0002-9633-6910","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":361485,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":86299,"text":"USGS Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center (RET)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":948886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wycech, Jody Brae 0000-0002-7073-3037","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-3037","contributorId":303104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wycech","given":"Jody","email":"","middleInitial":"Brae","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":948887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moldowan, J. 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Consequently, incorporating ecosystem considerations in future capelin fisheries management is crucial. In this study, a multidisciplinary group of experts critically evaluated whether the current capelin stock assessment and management frameworks for the four main capelin stocks in the Barents Sea (BS), Iceland-East Greenland-Jan Mayen (IEGJM), Newfoundland and Labrador shelf (NL) and Alaska (AK) align with the principles of an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM). An evidence-based ranking of our knowledge on current capelin dynamics across ecological, economic, and social dimensions was conducted, using expert knowledge supported by literature. This exercise also identified data currently used for assessment and management, which highlighted that the existing capelin assessment frameworks include varying degrees of EAFM elements across stocks, such as considerations of trophic interactions, bottom-up processes, accounting for ecosystem uncertainty, and stakeholder engagement in the advisory process. Nonetheless, there is room for improvement where data and knowledge are lacking. We provide some key tactical (short-term) and strategic (long-term) recommendations from our perspective on what is required to ensure the sustainable management of capelin in the circumpolar region over the coming decades.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/s11160-025-09986-z","usgsCitation":"Singh, W., Trochta, J.T., Hannah M. Murphy, H.M., McGowan, D.W., Adamack, A.T., Arimitsu, M.L., Barðarson, B., Björnsson, H., Bogstad, B., Boudreau, M., Chambers, C., Gjøsæter, H., Jansen, T., Jónsson, S.Þ., Kvamsdal, S., Lewis, R.S., Mikkelsen, N., Pedersen, T., Olafsdottir, A.H., Oostdijk, M., Silva, T., Skaret, G., Suryan, R.M., and Subbey, S., 2025, Small fish, big implications: Considerations for an ecosystem approach to capelin fisheries management: Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, v. 35, p. 1899-1934, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-025-09986-z.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"1899","endPage":"1934","ipdsId":"IP-173579","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-025-09986-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":501975,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singh, Warsha","contributorId":368963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singh","given":"Warsha","affiliations":[{"id":40381,"text":"Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Iceland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trochta, John T.","contributorId":368964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trochta","given":"John","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":87684,"text":"2Institute of Marine Research, Norway","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hannah M. 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P-2426","title":"Estimated average annualized tsunami losses for the United States","docAbstract":"Tsunami hazards are substantial threats to coastal communities across the United States (U.S.) and its territories. U.S. states and territories collaborate through the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program (NTHMP) to develop their own tsunami-hazard information for outreach and evacuation planning. An effort to curate this tsunami-hazard information to support comprehensive risk analysis at the national level has not yet been completed. In support of this effort, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) collaborated with the NTHMP, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) starting in 2023. This collaboration included the collection and analysis of existing tsunami hazard data and methods in the U.S. Tsunami subject matter experts identified and selected scientifically defensible methods for estimating the risks to buildings and populations in coastal communities. These efforts may support decision making regarding resilience policies, priorities, strategies and funding levels.
Tsunamis can be triggered by earthquakes, subaerial or submarine landslides, volcanic eruptions, glacial calving, near-earth objects, weather or other events. These events can cause severe destruction, injuries, and loss of life due to powerful currents and flooding. Tsunamis pose a substantial threat to the western United States and all U.S. territories, as described below.
■ Hawaii is threatened by distant tsunamis due to its central location in the Pacific Ocean basin and has a history of local events.
■ Alaska, particularly the Aleutian Islands, faces local tsunami threats due to proximity to the Alaska-Aleutian Subduction Zone, as well as distant tsunamis from around the Pacific Ocean basin.
■ The western coast of the U.S. is threatened by distant tsunamis from around the Pacific Ocean basin and local source tsunamis from earthquakes generated within the Cascadia Subduction Zone in the Pacific Northwest.
■ American Samoa faces local tsunami threats from earthquakes generated in the nearby Tonga Trench, as well as distant tsunami threats.
■ Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands are threatened by local tsunamis from the nearby Mariana Subduction Zone, as well as distant sources from around the Pacific Ocean Basin.
■ Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands are threatened by multiple local and distant tsunami sources, such as the Puerto Rico Trench (PRT), given their location in the complex seismic region of the Caribbean Sea.
Several historical events stand out because of their catastrophic impacts.
■ In the Pacific Northwest, the 1700 Cascadia earthquake caused a tsunami that affected coastal Native American communities, though the extent of the damage is not fully documented (Ludwin, et al., 2005).
■ In Puerto Rico, the 1918 earthquake triggered a tsunami that caused $77 million in damage in 2022 dollars and 116 fatalities, primarily along the western coast (Coffman et al., 1982).
■ The 1946 Aleutian Islands earthquake triggered a massive tsunami that devastated Hilo, Hawaii, killing 158 people and resulting in approximately $375 million in damage (adjusted to 2022 dollars) (Fisher et al., 2023).
■ The 1964 Alaska earthquake (M 9.2) generated tsunamis that caused severe destruction in some communities across Alaska, Oregon, and California. This disaster led to a total of 124 fatalities and approximately $2.9 billion in property damage (adjusted to 2022 dollars) (Brocher et al., 2014) (Alaska Science Center, 2024).
■ In American Samoa, a tsunami generated by the 2009 Samoa earthquake (Mw 8.1) caused widespread devastation, resulting in 34 confirmed fatalities (Apatu et al., 2013) and economic losses exceeding $160 million (adjusted to 2022 dollars) (DHS, 2011).
More recent events, including the 2010 Chile earthquake, the 2011 Japan earthquake, and the 2022 Tonga volcanic eruption, resulted in millions of dollars in damage to numerous ports and harbors in the U.S. South Pacific territories, Hawaii, and along the west coast of the U.S. (Lynett, et al., 2022) (Wilson, et al., 2013). Since these events, the expansion of the built environment in lowlying areas along the coast has increased the exposure of buildings and people, thereby further escalating community risk from tsunamis.
This report provides a comprehensive national assessment of earthquake-generated tsunami risk. It does not include impacts from tsunamis generated by landslides, volcanic eruptions, glacial calving, near-earth objects, weather, or other events. This study is based on the best available hazard data from the U.S. Pacific Coast (California, Oregon and Washington), Alaska, Hawaii, U.S. Pacific Territories (American Samoa, Guam and Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands) and Caribbean Territories (Puerto Rico and United States Virgin Islands). Tsunami risks associated with states along the East Coast, Gulf Coast, and Great Lakes are not included in this study because Hazus 6.1 software (FEMA 2024a) does not currently include the ability to analyze tsunami risk in those states. Once modeling capabilities and tsunami hazard data become available for additional states, FEMA may incorporate these data into future editions of this study.
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science strategy to address white-nose syndrome and bat health in 2025–2029","docAbstract":"Since its discovery in 2006, the fungal disease known as white-nose syndrome (WNS) has killed millions of bats. Of the 47 bat species native to the conterminous United States, Alaska, Hawaii, and Canada, 12 have been affected by WNS, including 3 endangered species and 1 proposed endangered species. WNS has also been detected in 40 States and 9 Canadian Provinces. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists have been critical in identifying the causal fungus for WNS (Pseudogymnoascus destructans [Pd]), characterizing the effects of WNS, and tracking the spread of Pd in many bat populations in North America.
The mission of the USGS WNS and Bat Health Science Team is to deliver integrated science in order to build resiliency into free-ranging bat populations through more effective WNS management, build capacity for bat health science, and enhance bat health information sharing across USGS science centers and cooperative research units as well as with stakeholders. The USGS can play an important role in supporting regional and national capacity building by providing resources and guidance to local, State, and Tribal management entities and by providing tools to enhance disease management. The USGS Ecosystems Mission Area’s Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program is the lead Federal program for free-ranging wildlife disease research and surveillance.
As of 2024, guided by the science priorities set by the WNS Steering Committee, USGS scientists are engaged in a nationwide response to WNS. This work is done in close coordination with our partners at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service, Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Forest Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Defense, as well as State and Tribal agencies. In addition to conducting WNS research, the USGS is mapping the spread of WNS and coordinating the North American Bat Monitoring Program (NABat) to understand how WNS and other stressors affect the status and trends of native bats across their range. The USGS is supporting the national WNS response through four science goals: (1) provide situational awareness on the health of bat populations; (2) conduct ecological studies of bats along the gradient of disease vulnerability; (3) contribute actionable science to enhance the resiliency of bat populations; and (4) implement an adaptive, holistic approach to bat health.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1560","programNote":"Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program","usgsCitation":"Hopkins, M.C., George, A.E., and McCaffery, R., 2025, U.S. Geological Survey science strategy to address white-nose syndrome and bat health in 2025–2029: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1560, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1560.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-153985","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494707,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://geonarrative.usgs.gov/whitenosesyndromeinnorthamericanbats/","text":"Geonarrative","linkHelpText":"- White-Nose Syndrome in North American bats"},{"id":492713,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1560/cir1560.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"CIR 1560 XML"},{"id":492714,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1560/images/"},{"id":492712,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/cir1560/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"CIR 1560 HTML"},{"id":492711,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1560/cir1560.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.03 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIR 1560 PDF"},{"id":492710,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1560/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Associate Director, Ecosystems Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
Mail Stop 300
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
An ∼3 km long nodal array oriented approximately east–west was deployed in Chugiak, Alaska, by the U.S. Geological Survey during 2021. The array intersects with the permanent NetQuakes station NP.ARTY, where peak ground acceleration (PGA) value of 1.98g was recorded during the 2018 Mw 7.1 Anchorage, Alaska, earthquake, in sharp contrast to the PGA of ∼0.3g at a site just 4 km to the west. Seismic data for Mw 1.8–4.3 aftershocks from the Mw 7.1 event recorded by the nodal array confirm the anomalously large ground motions obtained at NP.ARTY as well as similar amplifications at nodes within ∼1 km to the east. Here, we performed 0–10 Hz 3D finite‐difference simulations, including high‐resolution surface topography, to explore the cause of the unexpectedly large amplification. As expected, the simulations computed with a regional 3D tomography velocity model severely underpredict the 0–10 Hz acceleration records at almost all sites. Adding a near‐surface low‐velocity taper to 300 m depth amplifies the accelerations by up to a factor of 5 and enables a reasonable match between the nodal data and simulations at sites to the west of NP.ARTY. However, this model still underpredicts the spectral energy in the area covered by glacial sediments by up to an order of magnitude. The addition of a till layer using a depth‐dependent shear‐wave velocity (Vs) profile along with a homogeneous, 8 m thick low‐velocity layer with Vs = 250 m/s representing the kame terraces improves the fit to data to within a factor of 2 at nodes located on top of the glacial sediments. Our study shows that the anomalously large high‐frequency amplification recorded at and near NP.ARTY can be explained by a combination of topographic effects and near‐surface low‐velocity material with amplification effects on the high‐frequency ground motion by up to about 40% and an order of magnitude, respectively.
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