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Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean resources of 61 million barrels of oil and 240 billion cubic feet of gas in the Los Angeles Basin Province.

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Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046

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Introduction

In 2023, the U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, evaluated the costs and benefits of supplemental elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis) feeding in western Wyoming. Elk supplemental feeding is intended to maintain elk populations in the winter and limit elk damage to private property. Supplemental feeding is also used to minimize the transmission of brucellosis (Brucella abortus) from elk to cattle. If brucellosis is detected in cattle, the U.S. Department of Agriculture requires that the entire herd be euthanized or placed in quarantine until the herd passes several negative tests for the disease. However, supplemental feeding may enhance the transmission and effects of chronic wasting disease (CWD), which has no treatment or vaccine, is always fatal, and can remain infectious in the environment for many years. Key findings from the U.S. Geological Survey evaluation help assess the costs and benefits of four supplemental elk feeding alternatives and their potential implications for the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.

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Director, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2327 University Way, Suite 2
Bozeman, MT 59715

","tableOfContents":"","publishedDate":"2025-01-06","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":218820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":920995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wojtowicz, Todd G. 0000-0002-1077-0602","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1077-0602","contributorId":207978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wojtowicz","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":920996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70265476,"text":"fs20253018 - 2025 - The 3D Elevation Program—Supporting Rhode Island’s economy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-15T00:36:15.96651","indexId":"fs20253018","displayToPublicDate":"2025-04-08T14:25:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-3018","displayTitle":"The 3D Elevation Program—Supporting Rhode Island’s Economy","title":"The 3D Elevation Program—Supporting Rhode Island’s economy","docAbstract":"

Introduction  

High-resolution elevation data are critical to applications of landscape modeling and planning, both of which have a significant effect on Rhode Island’s economy. In these and other enterprises, program managers, while aiming to strike a balance between accuracy and cost, strive to obtain the best available elevation data to help them address a range of issues. Programs focused on climate change, environmental management, transportation design and asset management, aviation navigation and safety, riverine ecosystem management, wildlife habitat characterization and management, shellfish aquaculture, and the management and mapping of forests, parks and recreation areas, soils, wetlands, and impervious surfaces are also among the critical applications that meet the State’s management needs and depend on light detection and ranging (lidar) data that provide a highly detailed three-dimensional (3D) model of the Earth’s surface and aboveground features.

The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) is managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in partnership with Federal, State, Tribal, U.S. territorial, and local agencies to acquire consistent lidar coverage at quality level 2 or better to meet the many needs of the Nation and Rhode Island. The status of available and in-progress 3DEP baseline lidar data in Rhode Island is shown in figure 1. 3DEP baseline lidar data include quality level 2 or better, 1-meter or better digital elevation models, and lidar point clouds, and must meet the Lidar Base Specification version 1.2 (https://www.usgs.gov/3dep/lidarspec) or newer requirements. The National Enhanced Elevation Assessment identified user requirements and conservatively estimated that availability of lidar data would result in at least $178,560 in new benefits annually to the State. The top 10 Rhode Island business uses for 3D elevation data, which are based on the estimated annual conservative benefits of 3DEP, are shown in table 2.

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Director, National Geospatial Program
U.S. Geological Survey, MS 511
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192

Email: 3DEP@usgs.gov

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The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides science and data on seabed mineral resources and ecosystems, as well as on the potential hazards associated with extraction. The Nation relies on minerals for infrastructure, technology, manufacturing, and energy production. Critical minerals are essential to the economic and national security of the United States and have a supply chain vulnerable to disruption.

For decades, USGS scientific innovation has contributed to the delineation of seabed mineral resources, the mechanisms of seabed mineral formation, and the environmental impacts of resource extraction. Since 1962, the USGS has also led scientific inquiries into the potential for deep sea mining. By providing impartial science on seabed minerals and their environmental setting in the deep oceans, the USGS enables decision-makers to evaluate the best practices for mineral resource development.

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Lead, Global Seabed Minerals Resources Project
Coordinator, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
Coordinator, Mineral Resources Program
Coordinator, Land Management Research Program

Contact Pubs Warehouse

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Project Overview: The Klamath Tribes (TKT) are the Klamath, Modoc, and Yahooskin Paiute peoples, and are the first peoples of the land, having lived in ancestral lands of Oregon and California since time immemorial. Members of TKT have rights to hunt, fish, trap, and gather, including the harvest of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) within the 1.19 million acres of their Reserved Treaty Rights Area.

Anthropogenic changes threaten the well-being of mule deer and elk and of the Tribes that rely on them. Today, these species are a primary protein source for TKT. They are traded within TKT and among other Tribes and provide materials for cultural and sacred items such as regalia. However, mule deer numbers have been declining across the western states for the past several decades because of multiple stressors, including persistent and frequent drought and wildfires, habitat loss and degradation, vehicle mortality, and increasing barriers to migratory movements between summer and winter ranges. The migratory movements of mule deer, which allow deer to access the best available seasonal habitats, put them at risk of another potential stressor—infection with chronic wasting disease (CWD). Chronic wasting disease is a fatal prion disease of deer that has been detected in 36 U.S. states. It was detected in free-ranging mule deer in northern Idaho in 2021, prompting the Tribes to initiate a planning process for CWD surveillance, prevention, and response measures to preserve and protect the deer and elk within the Reserved Treaty Rights Area.

In 2023, the Klamath Tribes Natural Resources Department began to develop their CWD plan by incorporating preliminary input provided by the Klamath Indian Game Commission (KIGC) and working with scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). This collaborative effort includes the application of structured decision making and the development of mathematical models to analyze potential CWD management strategies. The result will be a transparent assessment that incorporates TKT values throughout the process and can inform place-based management of the cultural, natural, and physical resources upon which the Tribes depend. In addition, this process may provide opportunities for broader coordination by natural resource management agencies to work together to ensure the long-term health and sustainability of deer and elk populations within the Reserved Treaty Rights Area and throughout the state of Oregon.

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Center Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12100 Beech Forest Rd., Ste 4039
Laurel, MD 20708-4039

Contact Pubs Warehouse

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Critical minerals are commodities essential to modern industrial and strategic technologies and are highly vulnerable to supply chain disruption. The Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative (CMMI) is a collaboration among the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Geological Survey of Canada, and Geoscience Australia that aims to deepen global understanding of where critical minerals are located. A key output of this initiative is the Critical Minerals in Ores (CMiO) database that is advancing our collective understanding of critical minerals distributions. For instance, publicly available data on the concentrations of many critical minerals are sparse because these commodities can only be produced in small, yet essential, quantities compared to the primary commodities like copper and zinc. The CMiO database helps bridge this gap by offering high-quality, multielement geochemical data from a wide variety of critical mineral-bearing deposits around the world. Importantly, it uses a novel consensus deposit environment, group, and type classification scheme developed by the agencies that allows comparisons among ore deposits from different regions. The CMiO database contains geochemical data for more than 20,000 samples from more than 100 deposit types comprising 10 deposit environments.

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Program Coordinator, Mineral Resources Program
U.S. Geological Survey
913 National Center
Reston, VA 20192

","tableOfContents":"","publishedDate":"2025-03-26","revisedDate":"2025-05-22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Case, George N.D. 0000-0001-9826-5661 gcase@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9826-5661","contributorId":224941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"George","email":"gcase@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.D.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":931541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, Garth E. 0000-0003-0657-0365 ggraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0657-0365","contributorId":1031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Garth","email":"ggraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":931542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawley, Christopher","contributorId":259285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawley","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[{"id":13092,"text":"Geological Survey of Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":931543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bastrakov, Evgeniy","contributorId":259289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bastrakov","given":"Evgeniy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35920,"text":"Geoscience Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":931544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huston, David L.","contributorId":259293,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huston","given":"David","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35920,"text":"Geoscience Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":931545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hofstra, Albert H. 0000-0002-2450-1593 ahofstra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":1302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"Albert","email":"ahofstra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":931546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lisitsin, Vladimir","contributorId":259280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lisitsin","given":"Vladimir","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52346,"text":"Geological Survey of Queensland, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":931547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hawkins, Steph","contributorId":352513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hawkins","given":"Steph","affiliations":[{"id":35920,"text":"Geoscience Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":931548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wang, Bronwen 0000-0003-1044-2227","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-2227","contributorId":217957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Bronwen","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":931549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70264759,"text":"fs20253006 - 2025 - Fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing of hydrologic processes—Diverse deployments and new applications by the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-25T13:57:23.669017","indexId":"fs20253006","displayToPublicDate":"2025-03-24T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-3006","displayTitle":"Fiber-Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing of Hydrologic Processes—Diverse Deployments and New Applications by the U.S. Geological Survey","title":"Fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing of hydrologic processes—Diverse deployments and new applications by the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"

Fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing instruments harness the temperature-dependent properties of glass to measure temperature continuously along optical fibers by using precise pulses of laser light. In the mid-2000s, this technology was refined for environmental monitoring purposes such as snowpack-air exchange, groundwater/surface-water exchange, and lake-water stratification. Fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing has revealed unprecedented details about preferential flow processes; however, the method is labor intensive and requires specific training, resulting in limited use by the broader water community. With the ongoing national implementation of the U.S. Geological Survey Next Generation Water Observing System, there has been renewed interest in harnessing the unique spatiotemporal monitoring capabilities of fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing. This fact sheet briefly describes this technology, highlights uses by the U.S. Geological Survey, and discusses current applications and future opportunities.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20253006","programNote":"Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program","usgsCitation":"Briggs, M.A., Rey, D.M., Opatz, C.C., Terry, N.C., Newman, C.P., Gruhn, L.R., and Johnson, C.D., 2025, Fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing of hydrologic processes—Diverse deployments and new applications by the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2025–3006, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20253006.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-163064","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":483673,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3006/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":483674,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3006/fs20253006.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2025-3006 PDF"},{"id":483675,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20253006/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2025-3006 HTML"},{"id":483676,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3006/fs20253006.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"FS 2025-3006 XML"},{"id":483677,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3006/images/"}],"contact":"

Program Manager, Next Generation Water Observing System
Water Resources Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192

Contact Pubs Warehouse

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Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean conventional resources of 1.2 billion barrels of oil and 6.4 trillion cubic feet of gas in Oman.

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Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046

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Director, Science Analytics and Synthesis Program
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Box 25046, MS 302
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","tableOfContents":"","publishedDate":"2025-03-18","revisedDate":"2025-04-08","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpson, Annie 0000-0001-8338-5134","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8338-5134","contributorId":352267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simpson","given":"Annie","affiliations":[{"id":84145,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey, Former Employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":930545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiltermuth, Mark T. 0000-0002-8871-2816 mwiltermuth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8871-2816","contributorId":708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiltermuth","given":"Mark","email":"mwiltermuth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":930546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorado, Mireya","contributorId":352268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorado","given":"Mireya","affiliations":[{"id":84146,"text":"Student, Massachusetts Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":930547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70263502,"text":"fs20253003 - 2025 - The abandoned mine inventory of the United States—A brief summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-23T17:02:41.896235","indexId":"fs20253003","displayToPublicDate":"2025-03-14T10:50:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-3003","displayTitle":"The Abandoned Mine Inventory of the United States—A Brief Summary","title":"The abandoned mine inventory of the United States—A brief summary","docAbstract":"The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021 required the Secretary of the Interior to establish a program to inventory abandoned hard-rock mines in the United States. The Department of the Interior’s Office of Environmental Policy and Compliance asked the U.S. Geological Survey’s Mineral Deposit Database project (USMIN) to use existing data sources to build an inventory of all individual abandoned mine features in the United States. In addition to feature locations, this new database documents the surface land management agency, associated physical and environmental hazards, and any completed mitigation efforts. This information will improve risk assessment and support land management efforts, including hazard mitigation, ecosystem restoration planning, and reclamation. 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Director, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-973
Denver, CO 80225-0046

","tableOfContents":"","publishedDate":"2025-03-14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mauk, Jeffrey L. 0000-0002-6244-2774 jmauk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-2774","contributorId":4101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mauk","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jmauk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karl, Nick A 0000-0003-2858-2498","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2858-2498","contributorId":246006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Nick","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierson, Justin S. 0009-0008-9380-9613","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9380-9613","contributorId":350888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"Justin S.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"San Juan, Carma A. 0000-0002-9151-1919 csanjuan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9151-1919","contributorId":1146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"San Juan","given":"Carma","email":"csanjuan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70264125,"text":"fs20243049 - 2025 - Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources in upper Paleozoic reservoirs of the Wind River Basin, Bighorn Basin, and Powder River Basin Provinces, 2024","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-23T16:58:47.064302","indexId":"fs20243049","displayToPublicDate":"2025-03-13T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2024-3049","displayTitle":"Assessment of Undiscovered Conventional Oil and Gas Resources in Upper Paleozoic Reservoirs of the Wind River Basin, Bighorn Basin, and Powder River Basin Provinces, 2024","title":"Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources in upper Paleozoic reservoirs of the Wind River Basin, Bighorn Basin, and Powder River Basin Provinces, 2024","docAbstract":"

Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean conventional resources of 47 million barrels of oil and 876 billion cubic feet of gas in upper Paleozoic reservoirs of the Wind River Basin, Bighorn Basin, and Powder River Basin Provinces.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20243049","programNote":"National and Global Petroleum Assessment","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Mercier, T.J., Le, P.A., Cicero, A.D., Drake, R.M., II, Gelman, S.E., Hearon, J.S., Johnson, B.G., Lagesse, J.H., Leathers-Miller, H.M., and Timm, K.K., 2025, Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources in upper Paleozoic reservoirs of the Wind River Basin, Bighorn Basin, and Powder River Basin Provinces, 2024: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2024–3049, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20243049.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-155711","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492782,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_118483.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":482979,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P95BL3S4","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project—Paleozoic Reservoirs of the Wind River Basin, Big Horn Basin, and Powder River Basin Provinces: Assessment Unit Boundaries, Assessment Input Data, and Fact Sheet Data Tables"},{"id":482978,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3049/fs20243049.pdf","text":"Report","size":"796 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2024-3049"},{"id":482977,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3049/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":483263,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3049/fs20243049.xml"},{"id":483262,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3049/images"},{"id":483287,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20243049/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Nebraska, South Dakota, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.58694947776809,\n 45.44307137234259\n ],\n [\n -110.58694947776809,\n 42.18474590335302\n ],\n [\n -103.24001465931977,\n 42.18474590335302\n ],\n [\n -103.24001465931977,\n 45.44307137234259\n ],\n [\n -110.58694947776809,\n 45.44307137234259\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046

","tableOfContents":"","publishedDate":"2025-03-13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305 schenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"schenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mercier, Tracey J. 0000-0002-8232-525X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8232-525X","contributorId":255366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercier","given":"Tracey J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Le, Phuong A. 0000-0003-2477-509X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2477-509X","contributorId":255367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Le","given":"Phuong A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cicero, Andrea D. 0000-0003-3632-304X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3632-304X","contributorId":270005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cicero","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Drake, Ronald M. 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Birds are vital to our economy, ecosystems, and cultural heritage. Investing in bird conservation benefits communities, businesses, and working lands while reinforcing our nation’s legacy of stewardship and biodiversity. By valuing birds, we ensure a richer, healthier, and more vibrant future for all Americans. The USGS leads two national bird monitoring programs Thriving bird populations contribute over $100 billion in related purchases to the U.S. economy annually, helping to support 1.4 million jobs and $90 billion in labor-related income. Across our nation, Federal and State wildlife agencies, Flyway Councils, non-governmental organizations, and more consider data from the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) Bird Banding Laboratory (BBL) and Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) to be critical to meeting their mandates to set healthy harvest levels and in identifying species of conservation need. However, without stable and sufficient resources for the BBL and BBS, the capacity to monitor and address the rapidly evolving needs of migratory bird populations is at risk, jeopardizing the foundation of collaborative conservation efforts across North America.

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Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
11649 Leetown Rd.
Kearneysville, WV 25430

Contact Pubs Warehouse

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"publishedDate":"2025-03-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ziolkowski, David 0000-0002-2500-4417 dziolkowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2500-4417","contributorId":195409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziolkowski","given":"David","email":"dziolkowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":930117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Celis-Murillo, Antonio 0000-0002-3371-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3371-6529","contributorId":237851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Celis-Murillo","given":"Antonio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":930125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malpass, Jenn 0000-0003-2176-992X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2176-992X","contributorId":244048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malpass","given":"Jenn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":930126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pardieck, Keith L. 0000-0003-2779-4392 kpardieck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2779-4392","contributorId":4104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pardieck","given":"Keith","email":"kpardieck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":930127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martin, Julien 0000-0002-7375-129X julienmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-129X","contributorId":5785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Julien","email":"julienmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":930128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Walker, Lauren Emily 0000-0002-4316-3577","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4316-3577","contributorId":344936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"Emily","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":930129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70264124,"text":"fs20253010 - 2025 - U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Research Units program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-23T23:45:58.3657","indexId":"fs20253010","displayToPublicDate":"2025-03-07T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-3010","displayTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Research Units Program","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Research Units program","docAbstract":"

This fact sheet provides a 10-year overview of the U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Research Units program. It highlights long term accomplishments for the program's mission of applied research, graduate education and technical assistance to the partners.

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Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 303
Reston, VA 20192

Contact Pubs Warehouse

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"publishedDate":"2025-03-07","revisedDate":"2026-03-23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irwin, Elise R. 0000-0002-6866-4976 eirwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6866-4976","contributorId":2588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"Elise","email":"eirwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McConnell, Tess M. 0000-0001-9248-1814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9248-1814","contributorId":346087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConnell","given":"Tess M.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dennerline, Donald E. 0000-0001-8345-315X ddennerline@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8345-315X","contributorId":192857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennerline","given":"Donald","email":"ddennerline@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pope, Kevin L. 0000-0003-1876-1687 kpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-1687","contributorId":1574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Kevin","email":"kpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mawdsley, Jonathan R. 0000-0002-4532-8603 jmawdsley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4532-8603","contributorId":302618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mawdsley","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmawdsley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5062,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70263963,"text":"fs20253009 - 2025 - U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Research Units Program—A hawk’s view of 2024","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-06T19:06:45.87979","indexId":"fs20253009","displayToPublicDate":"2025-03-05T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-3009","displayTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Research Units Program—A Hawk’s View of 2024","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Research Units Program—A hawk’s view of 2024","docAbstract":"

Introduction 

The U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units (USGS CRU) program was established in 1935 and codified by Congress in 1960 to enhance graduate education in wildlife and fisheries sciences and to facilitate research and technical assistance among natural resource agencies and universities on fisheries and wildlife management topics of mutual concern. The success of the CRU program lies in its cooperative approach. State and Federal fish and wildlife agencies determine where focused, science-based studies for wildlife and natural resource management for societal benefit are needed. The CRU scientists conduct applied research to contribute results to inform and aid partners in determining best practices for managing resources. Each Unit is a unique partnership among the U.S. Geological Survey, a host university, one or more State agencies, the Wildlife Management Institute, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

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U.S. Geological Survey
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Reston, VA 20192

Contact Pubs Warehouse

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"publishedDate":"2025-03-05","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irwin, Elise R. 0000-0002-6866-4976 eirwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6866-4976","contributorId":2588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"Elise","email":"eirwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McConnell, Tess M. 0000-0001-9248-1814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9248-1814","contributorId":346087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConnell","given":"Tess M.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dennerline, Donald E. 0000-0001-8345-315X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8345-315X","contributorId":221355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennerline","given":"Donald E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pope, Kevin L. 0000-0003-1876-1687","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-1687","contributorId":270762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mawdsley, Jonathan R. 0000-0002-4532-8603 jmawdsley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4532-8603","contributorId":302618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mawdsley","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmawdsley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5062,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70263568,"text":"fs20243047 - 2025 - Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources of the Greater Caspian area, 2022","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-19T21:26:13.636197","indexId":"fs20243047","displayToPublicDate":"2025-02-18T11:50:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2024-3047","displayTitle":"Assessment of Undiscovered Conventional Oil and Gas Resources of the Greater Caspian Area, 2022","title":"Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources of the Greater Caspian area, 2022","docAbstract":"

Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean resources of 34.3 billion barrels of oil and 320 trillion cubic feet of gas in the Greater Caspian area.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20243047","programNote":"National and Global Petroleum Assessment","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Mercier, T.J., Le, P.A., Cicero, A.D., Drake, R.M., II, Finn, T.M., Gelman, S.E., Hearon, J.S., Johnson, B.G., Lagesse, J.H., Leathers-Miller, H.M., and Timm, K.K., 2025, Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources of the Greater Caspian area, 2022: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2024–3047, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20243047.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-158278","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482228,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20243047/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2024-3047"},{"id":482044,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13GJMAQ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project—Greater Caspian Area: Assessment Unit Boundaries, Assessment Input Data, and Fact Sheet Data Tables"},{"id":482043,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3047/fs20243047.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.70 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2024-3047"},{"id":482042,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3047/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":482173,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3047/images"},{"id":482174,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3047/fs20243047.xml"}],"otherGeospatial":"Greater Caspian area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 28.39226365171521,\n 51.73369090023991\n ],\n [\n 28.39226365171521,\n 35.30642895820323\n ],\n [\n 60.11138073113173,\n 35.30642895820323\n ],\n [\n 60.11138073113173,\n 51.73369090023991\n ],\n [\n 28.39226365171521,\n 51.73369090023991\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046

","tableOfContents":"","publishedDate":"2025-02-18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305 schenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"schenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mercier, Tracey J. 0000-0002-8232-525X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8232-525X","contributorId":255366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercier","given":"Tracey J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Le, Phuong A. 0000-0003-2477-509X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2477-509X","contributorId":255367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Le","given":"Phuong A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cicero, Andrea D. 0000-0003-3632-304X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3632-304X","contributorId":270005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cicero","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Drake, Ronald M. 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Introduction

In the arid Grand Canyon region, water resources are limited to primarily the Colorado River and associated tributaries and to groundwater in the form of seeps and springs. Groundwater resources in the region supply water for human use and support diverse and rich ecosystems in the locations immediately surrounding the seeps and springs. Throughout the region, uranium resources occur and may interact with water resources in both mined and unmined uranium deposits. There is a need to better understand groundwater in the region and the effects from uranium mining in order to better manage the limited water resources in the area. This Fact Sheet summarizes results from U.S. Geological Survey studies that were conducted on this topic from 2012 to 2023.

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Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd. NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113

Contact Us- USGS Publications Warehouse

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"publishedDate":"2025-02-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beisner, Kimberly R. 0000-0002-2077-6899 kbeisner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2077-6899","contributorId":2733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beisner","given":"Kimberly","email":"kbeisner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Siebers, Benjamin J. 0000-0002-2900-5169","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2900-5169","contributorId":206518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siebers","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tillman, Fred D. 0000-0002-2922-402X ftillman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2922-402X","contributorId":147809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillman","given":"Fred","email":"ftillman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-5908-2683 kwaltond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5908-2683","contributorId":206860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","email":"kwaltond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70263361,"text":"fs20243048 - 2025 - Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources of the Zagros Fold Belt of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey, 2023","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-13T21:18:51.557389","indexId":"fs20243048","displayToPublicDate":"2025-02-12T11:55:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2024-3048","displayTitle":"Assessment of Undiscovered Conventional Oil and Gas Resources of the Zagros Fold Belt of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey, 2023","title":"Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources of the Zagros Fold Belt of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey, 2023","docAbstract":"

Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean conventional resources of 3.3 billion barrels of oil and 80.3 trillion cubic feet of gas in the Zagros Fold Belt of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey.

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Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046

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Introduction 

High-quality elevation data for Utah inform decision making to improve the State’s economy. Light detection and ranging (lidar) data are used to support infrastructure planning and management, assess natural resources, and improve resiliency to hazards. The expanding availability of current and more accurate lidar data helps to better support natural resource conservation, wildfire risk management, geologic hazard investigation and mitigation, flood risk management, water supply planning, and urban planning and development. Critical applications that meet the State’s management needs depend on lidar data that provide a highly detailed three-dimensional (3D) model of the Earth’s surface and aboveground features.

The 3D Elevation Program is managed by the U.S. Geological Survey in partnership with Federal, State, Tribal, U.S. territorial, and local agencies to acquire consistent lidar coverage at quality level 2 or better to meet the many needs of the Nation and Utah. The status of available and in-progress 3DEP baseline lidar data in Utah is shown in figure 1. 3DEP baseline lidar data include quality level 2 or better, 1-meter or better digital elevation models, and lidar point clouds, and must meet the Lidar Base Specification version 1.2 (https://www.usgs.gov/3dep/lidarspec) or newer requirements. The National Enhanced Elevation Assessment identified user requirements and conservatively estimated that availability of lidar data would result in at least $8.70 million in new benefits annually to the State. The top 10 Utah business uses for 3D elevation data, which are based on the estimated annual conservative benefits of 3DEP, are shown in table 2.

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Director, National Geospatial Program
U.S. Geological Survey, MS 511
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192

Email: 3DEP@usgs.gov

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A thorough understanding of fluvial sediment transport is essential for addressing key environmental issues such as aquatic habitat degradation, flooding, excess nutrients, and challenges with river restoration. Fluvial sediment samples are valuable for addressing these concerns, but their collection is often impractical across all rivers and timeframes of interest. In addition, previously used analytical and numerical methods have not allowed for the transfer of knowledge from sites that have data to sites that do not have data. To overcome this limitation, the U.S. Geological Survey developed machine learning models to predict suspended-sediment concentrations and bedload transport in Minnesota rivers that lack physical sediment data and integrated them into the U.S. Geological Survey StreamStats web application.

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\"}}]}","contact":"

Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2280 Woodale Drive
Mounds View, MN 55112

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","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2025-01-30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Groten, Joel T. 0000-0002-0441-8442 jgroten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-8442","contributorId":173464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groten","given":"Joel","email":"jgroten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":925755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lund, J. William 0000-0002-8830-4468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8830-4468","contributorId":289132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"J. William","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":925756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coenen, Erin N. 0000-0003-2470-3854","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2470-3854","contributorId":211159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coenen","given":"Erin N.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":925757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Medenblik, Andrea 0000-0003-2806-7541","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2806-7541","contributorId":216586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medenblik","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":925758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wavra, Harper N. 0000-0001-5688-902X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5688-902X","contributorId":292171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wavra","given":"Harper","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":925759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kennedy, Mike","contributorId":339478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13330,"text":"Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":925760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnson, Gregory D.","contributorId":201568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13330,"text":"Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":925761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70262229,"text":"fs20253001 - 2025 - Annual NLCD (National Land Cover Database)—The next generation of land cover mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-21T17:48:40.347631","indexId":"fs20253001","displayToPublicDate":"2025-01-17T19:30:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-3001","displayTitle":"Annual NLCD (National Land Cover Database)—The Next Generation of Land Cover Mapping","title":"Annual NLCD (National Land Cover Database)—The next generation of land cover mapping","docAbstract":"

Introduction 

The widely used National Land Cover Database (NLCD) has long been the foundational land cover source for scientists, resource managers, and decision makers across the United States.

In 2024, a reinvention as Annual NLCD added the key improvement of annual time steps to show decades of change at a higher frequency than the intervals of 2–3 years used in the legacy NLCD. Annual NLCD was derived primarily from the long Landsat satellite data record, and it includes data from other sources.

The first release in 2024 of Annual NLCD provides Collection 1.0 of products encompassing land cover and land change from 1985 through 2023 for the conterminous United States (CONUS). The Annual NLCD Collection 1.0 consists of six operational products that map the unique characteristics of land cover. A map created from Annual NLCD shows 16 land cover classes for the CONUS in 2023.

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Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198

Email: custserv@usgs.gov

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What is the U.S. Geological Survey National Groundwater Climate Response Network?

The U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) National Water Monitoring Network is a network of networks that includes the Climate Response Network (CRN). The CRN is a network of wells selected to monitor the effects of climate variability, including droughts, on groundwater systems within the United States, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The primary purpose of the CRN is to monitor these effects on groundwater levels in unconfined or near-surface confined aquifers that are minimally affected by pumping or other human-induced stresses.

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","tableOfContents":"","publishedDate":"2025-01-14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caldwell, Rodney R. 0000-0002-2588-715X caldwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2588-715X","contributorId":2577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Rodney","email":"caldwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fine, Jason M. 0000-0002-6386-256X jmfine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6386-256X","contributorId":2238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fine","given":"Jason","email":"jmfine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70261723,"text":"fs20243056 - 2024 - The 3D Elevation Program—Supporting New Hampshire’s economy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-15T00:36:41.009656","indexId":"fs20243056","displayToPublicDate":"2024-12-27T07:40:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2024-3056","displayTitle":"The 3D Elevation Program—Supporting New Hampshire’s Economy","title":"The 3D Elevation Program—Supporting New Hampshire’s economy","docAbstract":"

Introduction 

The topography of New Hampshire ranges from the Coastal Lowlands to the Eastern New England Upland to the White Mountains region. High-quality statewide elevation data are useful in managing this very diverse landscape. For example, the short coastline, including the Great Bay estuary and the Hampton-Seabrook marshes, is of disproportionately high value to New Hampshire’s tourist economy. The vulnerability of the coast to the effects of sea-level rise underscores the need for accurate, high-quality nearshore topographic elevation data and offshore bathymetric data to effectively manage the coast’s valuable resources, which include important fisheries, habitat, and infrastructure. Another important use for accurate elevation data in New Hampshire is in the evaluation of flood hazards and their potential environmental and infrastructure effects. This evaluation includes mapping of inundation and sediment transport, and assessing the associated costs of flooding. Addressing this challenge requires detailed knowledge of both surface topography and inland bathymetry. Other important activities having a substantial economic element and needing accurate elevation data include geologic resource assessment and hazard mitigation, urban and regional planning, infrastructure and construction management, and cultural resources preservation and management. Critical applications that meet the State’s management needs depend on light detection and ranging (lidar) data that provide a highly detailed three-dimensional model of the Earth’s surface and aboveground features.

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Director, National Geospatial Program
U.S. Geological Survey, MS 511
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192

Email: 3DEP@usgs.gov

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Introduction 

High-resolution elevation data for Kansas inform decision making to improve the State’s economy. Existing elevation data coverage is used to support State water planning initiatives, facilitate infrastructure management, and improve resilience to natural disasters. The expanding availability of current and more accurate elevation data helps better support natural resources conservation, agriculture and precision farming, flood risk management, water supply planning, infrastructure and construction management, and geologic resource assessment and hazard mitigation. Critical applications that meet the State’s management needs depend on light detection and ranging (lidar) data that provide a highly detailed three-dimensional (3D) model of the Earth’s surface and aboveground features.

The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) is managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in partnership with Federal, State, Tribal, U.S. territorial, and local agencies to acquire consistent lidar coverage at quality level 2 or better to meet the many needs of the Nation and Kansas. The status of available and in-progress 3DEP baseline lidar data in Kansas is shown in figure 1. 3DEP baseline lidar data include quality level 2 or better, 1-meter or better digital elevation models, and lidar point clouds, and must meet the Lidar Base Specification version 1.2 (https://www.usgs.gov/3dep/lidarspec) or newer requirements. The National Enhanced Elevation Assessment identified user requirements and conservatively estimated that availability of lidar data would result in at least $14.41 million in new benefits annually to the State. The top nine Kansas business uses for 3D elevation data, which are based on the estimated annual conservative benefits of 3DEP, are shown in table 2.

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Director, National Geospatial Program
U.S. Geological Survey, MS 511
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192

Email: 3DEP@usgs.gov

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Introduction 

High-resolution elevation data for Texas inform decision making to improve the State’s economy. Existing elevation data coverage is used to improve resiliency to natural disasters, manage energy infrastructure, and assess natural resources. The expanding availability of current and more accurate elevation data helps better support natural resources conservation, agriculture and precision farming, flood risk management, infrastructure and construction management, geologic resource assessment and hazard mitigation, coastal zone management, and identification of features of interest or concern, such as archaeological and historic sites. Critical applications that meet the State’s management needs depend on light detection and ranging (lidar) data that provide a highly detailed three-dimensional (3D) model of the Earth’s surface and aboveground features.

The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) is managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in partnership with Federal, State, Tribal, U.S. territorial, and local agencies to acquire consistent lidar coverage at quality level 2 or better to meet the many needs of the Nation and Texas. The status of available and in-progress 3DEP baseline lidar data in Texas is shown in figure 1. 3DEP baseline lidar data include quality level 2 or better, 1-meter or better digital elevation models, and lidar point clouds, and must meet the Lidar Base Specification version 1.2 (https://www.usgs.gov/3dep/lidarspec) or newer requirements. The National Enhanced Elevation Assessment identified user requirements and conservatively estimated that availability of lidar data would result in at least $53.1 million in new benefits annually to the State. The top 10 Texas business uses for 3D elevation data, which are based on the estimated annual conservative benefits of 3DEP, are shown in table 2.

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\"}}]}","contact":"

Director, National Geospatial Program
U.S. Geological Survey, MS 511
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192

Email: 3DEP@usgs.gov

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Lithium-rich brine deposits occur throughout the United States, including in the Smackover Formation. The concentration of lithium in Smackover Formation brines was predicted across southern Arkansas by using a machine-learning model that incorporated lithium concentration data and geologic information. Between 5.1 and 19.0 million metric tons of lithium are calculated to be present in the brines of the Smackover Formation in southern Arkansas. The range in possible total lithium reflects the uncertainty in machine-learning predictions of lithium concentrations and the range of Smackover Formation porosity. This estimate quantifies the in-place lithium resource and does not consider the technological and economic feasibility of extracting the lithium from the brines.

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Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
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Nashville, TN 37211

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