The Calico Hills area in the southwestern part of the Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada, exposes a core of pre-Tertiary rocks surrounded by middle Miocene volcanic strata. This map portrays the very complex relationships among the pre-Tertiary stratigraphic units of the region. The Devonian and Mississippian rocks of the Calico Hills are distinct from age-equivalent carbonate-shelf or submarine-fan strata in other parts of the Nevada Test Site. The Calico Hills strata are interpreted to have been deposited beyond the continental shelf edge from alternating silicic and carbonate clastic sources.
Structures of the Calico Hills area record the compounded effects of: 1) eastward-directed, foreland-vergent thrusting; 2) younger folds, kink zones, and thrusts formed by hinterland-vergent deformation toward northwesterly and northerly directions; and 3) low-angle normal faults that displaced blocks of Middle Paleozoic carbonate strata across the contractionally deformed terrane. All of these structures are older than any of the middle Miocene volcanic rocks that were erupted across the Calico Hills.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98101","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Operations Office U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Cole, J.C., and Cashman, P.H., 1998, Geologic map of Paleozoic rocks in the Calico Hills, Nevada Test Site, southern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-101, Report: i, 17 p.; 1 Plate: 48.03 x 33.72 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98101.","productDescription":"Report: i, 17 p.; 1 Plate: 48.03 x 33.72 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":60261,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0101/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":393127,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0101/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":163382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0101/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Calico Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.35,\n 36.86111111\n ],\n [\n -116.28333333,\n 36.86111111\n ],\n [\n -116.28333333,\n 36.89583333\n ],\n [\n -116.35,\n 36.89583333\n ],\n [\n -116.35,\n 36.86111111\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2c7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, James C. jimcole@usgs.gov","contributorId":1256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"James","email":"jimcole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":207799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cashman, Patricia H.","contributorId":84058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cashman","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":32107,"text":"ofr97533 - 1997 - Major structural controls on the distribution of pre-Tertiary rocks, Nevada Test Site vicinity, southern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T12:59:48","indexId":"ofr97533","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-533","title":"Major structural controls on the distribution of pre-Tertiary rocks, Nevada Test Site vicinity, southern Nevada","docAbstract":"The lateral and vertical distributions of Proterozoic and Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in southern Nevada are the combined products of original stratigraphic relationships and post-depositional faults and folds. This map compilation shows the distribution of these pre-Tertiary rocks in the region including and surrounding the Nevada Test Site. It is based on considerable new evidence from detailed geologic mapping, biostratigraphic control, sedimentological analysis, and a review of regional map relationships.
Proterozoic and Paleozoic rocks of the region record paleogeographic transitions between continental shelf depositional environments on the east and deeper-water slopefacies depositional environments on the west. Middle Devonian and Mississippian sequences, in particular, show strong lateral facies variations caused by contemporaneous changes in the western margin of North America during the Antler orogeny. Sections of rock that were originally deposited in widely separated facies localities presently lie in close proximity. These spatial relationships chiefly result from major east- and southeastdirected thrusts that deformed the region in Permian or later time.
Somewhat younger contractional structures are identified within two irregular zones that traverse the region. These folds and thrusts typically verge toward the west and northwest and overprint the relatively simple pattern of the older contractional terranes. Local structural complications are significant near these younger structures due to the opposing vergence and due to irregularities in the previously folded and faulted crustal section.
Structural and stratigraphic discontinuities are identified on opposing sides of two north-trending fault zones in the central part of the compilation region north of Yucca Flat. The origin and significance of these zones are enigmatic because they are largely covered by Tertiary and younger deposits. These faults most likely result from significant lateral offset, most likely in the sinistral sense.
Low-angle normal faults that are at least older than Oligocene, and may pre-date Late Cretaceous time, are also present in the region. These faults are shown to locally displace blocks of pre-Tertiary rock by several kilometers. However, none of these structures can be traced for significant distances beyond its outcrop extent, and the inference is made that they do not exert regional influence on the distribution of pre-Tertiary rocks. The extensional strain accommodated by these low-angle normal faults appears to be local and highly irregular.
This map displays interpreted structural and stratigraphic relations among the Paleozoic and older rocks of the Nevada Test Site region beneath the Miocene volcanic rocks and younger alluvium in the Yucca Flat and northern Frenchman Flat basins. These interpretations are based on a comprehensive examination and review of data for more than 77 drillholes that penetrated part of the pre-Tertiary basement beneath these post-middle Miocene structural basins. Biostratigraphic data from conodont fossils were newly obtained for 31 of these holes, and a thorough review of all prior microfossil paleontologic data is incorporated in the analysis. Subsurface relationships are interpreted in light of a revised regional geologic framework synthesized from detailed geologic mapping in the ranges surrounding Yucca Flat, from comprehensive stratigraphic studies in the region, and from additional detailed field studies on and around the Nevada Test Site.
All available data indicate the subsurface geology of Yucca Flat is considerably more complicated than previous interpretations have suggested. The western part of the basin, in particular, is underlain by relics of the eastward-vergent Belted Range thrust system that are folded back toward the west and thrust by local, west-vergent contractional structures of the CP thrust system. Field evidence from the ranges surrounding the north end of Yucca Flat indicate that two significant strike-slip faults track southward beneath the post-middle Miocene basin fill, but their subsurface traces cannot be closely defined from the available evidence. In contrast, the eastern part of the Yucca Flat basin is interpreted to be underlain by a fairly simple north-trending, broad syncline in the pre-Tertiary units. Far fewer data are available for the northern Frenchman Flat basin, but regional analysis indicates the pre- Tertiary structure there should also be relatively simple and not affected by thrusting.
This new interpretation has implications for ground water flow through pre-Tertiary rocks beneath the Yucca Flat and northern Frenchman Flat areas, and has consequences for ground water modeling and model validation. Our data indicate that the Mississippian Chainman Shale is not a laterally extensive confining unit in the western part of the basin because it is folded back onto itself by the convergent structures of the Belted Range and CP thrust systems. Early and Middle Paleozoic limestone and dolomite are present beneath most of both basins and, regardless of structural complications, are interpreted to form a laterally continuous and extensive carbonate aquifer. Structural culmination that marks the French Peak accommodation zone along the topographic divide between the two basins provides a lateral pathway through highly fractured rock between the volcanic aquifers of Yucca Flat and the regional carbonate aquifer. This pathway may accelerate the migration of ground-water contaminants introduced by underground nuclear testing toward discharge areas beyond the Nevada Test Site boundaries. Predictive three-dimensional models of hydrostratigraphic units and ground-water flow in the pre-Tertiary rocks of subsurface Yucca Flat are likely to be unrealistic due to the extreme structural complexities. The interpretation of hydrologic and geochemical data obtained from monitoring wells will be difficult to extrapolate through the flow system until more is known about the continuity of hydrostratigraphic units.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97678","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Operations Office U.S. Department of Energy (Interagency Agreement DE-AI08-96NV11967)","usgsCitation":"Cole, J., Harris, A.G., and Wahl, R., 1997, Sub-crop geologic map of pre-Tertiary rocks in the Yucca Flat and northern Frenchman Flat areas, Nevada Test Site, southern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-678, Report: ii, 24 p.; 1 Plate: 32.55 x 41.15 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97678.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 24 p.; 1 Plate: 32.55 x 41.15 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":425886,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18824.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":60238,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0678/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":163317,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0678/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":335274,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0678/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Flat and northern Frenchman Flat areas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.25,\n 36.892\n ],\n [\n -115.85,\n 36.892\n ],\n [\n -115.85,\n 37.283\n ],\n [\n -116.25,\n 37.283\n ],\n [\n -116.25,\n 36.892\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699c80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, J. C.","contributorId":21539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"J. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, Anita G.","contributorId":50162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wahl, Ronald R.","contributorId":7332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"Ronald R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":32116,"text":"ofr97697 - 1997 - Geologic map of the Mine Mountain area, Nevada Test Site, southern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-29T20:53:17.514287","indexId":"ofr97697","displayToPublicDate":"1999-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-697","title":"Geologic map of the Mine Mountain area, Nevada Test Site, southern Nevada","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97697","usgsCitation":"Cole, J.C., and Cashman, P.H., 1997, Geologic map of the Mine Mountain area, Nevada Test Site, southern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-697, Report: 8 p.; 1 Plate: 38.96 × 28.94 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97697.","productDescription":"Report: 8 p.; 1 Plate: 38.96 × 28.94 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0697/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60240,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0697/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":397807,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18829.htm"},{"id":60239,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0697/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"12000","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Mine Mountain area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.1670,\n 36.95\n ],\n [\n -116.092,\n 36.95\n ],\n [\n -116.092,\n 37.033\n ],\n [\n -116.1670,\n 37.033\n ],\n [\n -116.1670,\n 36.95\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69695c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, J. C.","contributorId":51292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cashman, P. H.","contributorId":51810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cashman","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23408,"text":"ofr9756 - 1997 - Structural geology of the French Peak accommodation zone, Nevada Test Site, southwestern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-22T15:25:59.708998","indexId":"ofr9756","displayToPublicDate":"1998-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-56","title":"Structural geology of the French Peak accommodation zone, Nevada Test Site, southwestern Nevada","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9756","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Hudson, M., 1997, Structural geology of the French Peak accommodation zone, Nevada Test Site, southwestern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-56, Report: 29 p.; 1 Plate: 26.29 × 41.88 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9756.","productDescription":"Report: 29 p.; 1 Plate: 26.29 × 41.88 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":52708,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0056/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52709,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0056/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":390820,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18700.htm"},{"id":157374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0056/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"French Peak accommodation zone, Nevada Test Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116,\n 36.875\n ],\n [\n -115.927,\n 36.875\n ],\n [\n -115.927,\n 36.969\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 36.969\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 36.875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a49d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, M.R.","contributorId":68317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23855,"text":"ofr97734 - 1997 - Evaluation of geologic structure guiding ground water flow south and west of Frenchman Flat, Nevada Test Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:07","indexId":"ofr97734","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-734","title":"Evaluation of geologic structure guiding ground water flow south and west of Frenchman Flat, Nevada Test Site","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services, distributor,","doi":"10.3133/ofr97734","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"McKee, E., 1997, Evaluation of geologic structure guiding ground water flow south and west of Frenchman Flat, Nevada Test Site: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-734, 26 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97734.","productDescription":"26 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0734/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53076,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0734/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fae1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKee, E.H.","contributorId":20736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21840,"text":"ofr97476 - 1997 - Geophysical interpretations west of and within the northwestern part of the Nevada Test Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:50","indexId":"ofr97476","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-476","title":"Geophysical interpretations west of and within the northwestern part of the Nevada Test Site","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr97476","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Grauch, V., Sawyer, D., Fridrich, C.J., and Hudson, M., 1997, Geophysical interpretations west of and within the northwestern part of the Nevada Test Site: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-476, iii, 51 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97476.","productDescription":"iii, 51 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0476/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51326,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0476/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c145","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, V.J. 0000-0002-0761-3489","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":70362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sawyer, D.A.","contributorId":107666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fridrich, C. J.","contributorId":15652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fridrich","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hudson, M.R.","contributorId":68317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":23118,"text":"ofr97140 - 1997 - Digital geologic map database of the Nevada Test Site area, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-21T19:14:29.924598","indexId":"ofr97140","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-140","title":"Digital geologic map database of the Nevada Test Site area, Nevada","docAbstract":"Forty years of geologic investigations at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) have been digitized. These data include all geologic information that: (1) has been collected, and (2) can be represented on a map within the map borders at the map scale is included in the map digital coverages. The following coverages are included with this dataset: \r\nCoverage Type Description geolpoly Polygon Geologic outcrops geolflts line Fault traces geolatts Point Bedding attitudes, etc. geolcald line Caldera boundaries geollins line Interpreted lineaments geolmeta line Metamorphic gradients \r\n\r\nThe above coverages are attributed with numeric values and interpreted information. The entity files documented below show the data associated with each coverage.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97140","usgsCitation":"Wahl, R.R., Sawyer, D., Minor, S., Carr, M.D., Cole, J.C., Swadley, W.C., Laczniak, R.J., Warren, R., Green, K.S., and Engle, C.M., 1997, Digital geologic map database of the Nevada Test Site area, Nevada (Revision 3: release of 9/09/97): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-140, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97140.","productDescription":"49 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407160,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22976.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52476,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0140/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0140/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1528,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-0140/meta.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Nevada Test Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.625,\n 36.625\n ],\n [\n -115.875,\n 36.625\n ],\n [\n -115.875,\n 37.375\n ],\n [\n -116.625,\n 37.375\n ],\n [\n -116.625,\n 36.625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Revision 3: release of 9/09/97","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d49d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wahl, R. R.","contributorId":27462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sawyer, D.A.","contributorId":107666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minor, S.A.","contributorId":65047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carr, M. D.","contributorId":51767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cole, J. C.","contributorId":51292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Swadley, W. C.","contributorId":46940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swadley","given":"W.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Laczniak, R. J.","contributorId":46104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laczniak","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Warren, R.G.","contributorId":6037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Green, K. S.","contributorId":56681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Engle, C. M.","contributorId":91880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":21647,"text":"ofr97139 - 1997 - Catalogue of lithologic and stratigraphic information from drill holes on the Nevada Test Site and environs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:57","indexId":"ofr97139","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-139","title":"Catalogue of lithologic and stratigraphic information from drill holes on the Nevada Test Site and environs","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr97139","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Covington, H., Berger, M., and Jenkins, E., 1997, Catalogue of lithologic and stratigraphic information from drill holes on the Nevada Test Site and environs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-139, 221 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97139.","productDescription":"221 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0139/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51199,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0139/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5ef34b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Covington, H. R.","contributorId":92671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Covington","given":"H. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berger, M.A.","contributorId":49395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jenkins, E.C.","contributorId":7314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24409,"text":"ofr96599 - 1997 - Summary of data concerning radiological contamination at well PM-2, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:16","indexId":"ofr96599","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-599","title":"Summary of data concerning radiological contamination at well PM-2, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Analysis of water collected during August and September 1993 from well PM-2, on Pahute Mesa at\\x11the Nevada Test Site, indicated tritium concentrations of\\x1121,000 Bq/L at 610 m below land surface. The Schooner event (U-20u) was detonated in 1968 approximately 270 meterssoutheast of well PM-2 at a working depth of 108.2 meters. The crater created by the Schooner event was about 129.8 meters in radius and\\x1163.4 meters in depth. Geologic and hydrologic properties of the stratigraphic units are summarized from historical data. The soil around the well and water in the well were analyzed for radionuclides and water in the well was also analyzed for inorganic constituents and organic (volatile and semivolatile) substances. Close agreement between tritium analyses of water from well PM-2, at different times and at the same depths, confirms the elevated levels of tritium. The highest tritium values in the borehole were at 610 meters below land surface-above the shallowest perforations at 765 meters below land surface. These values were only slightly higher than values found at greater depth in the well.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96599","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Russell, G., and Locke, G., 1997, Summary of data concerning radiological contamination at well PM-2, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-599, iv, 84 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96599.","productDescription":"iv, 84 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0599/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53498,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0599/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f61c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Russell, G.M.","contributorId":106154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Locke, G.L.","contributorId":59065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28983,"text":"wri964042 - 1996 - Ground-water levels beneath eastern Pahute Mesa and vicinity, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:48","indexId":"wri964042","displayToPublicDate":"2000-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4042","title":"Ground-water levels beneath eastern Pahute Mesa and vicinity, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri964042","usgsCitation":"O’Hagan, M.D., and Laczniak, R.J., 1996, Ground-water levels beneath eastern Pahute Mesa and vicinity, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4042, 1 map ;67 x 67 cm., on sheet 81 x 114 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964042.","productDescription":"1 map ;67 x 67 cm., on sheet 81 x 114 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":57853,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4042/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6681c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Hagan, M. D.","contributorId":62642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Hagan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laczniak, R. J.","contributorId":46104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laczniak","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24910,"text":"ofr96475 - 1996 - Ground-water data for 1990-91 and ground-water withdrawals for 1951-91, Nevada Test Site and vicinity, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:22","indexId":"ofr96475","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-475","title":"Ground-water data for 1990-91 and ground-water withdrawals for 1951-91, Nevada Test Site and vicinity, Nye County, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96475","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Wood, D., and Reiner, S.R., 1996, Ground-water data for 1990-91 and ground-water withdrawals for 1951-91, Nevada Test Site and vicinity, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-475, iv, 78 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96475.","productDescription":"iv, 78 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0475/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53886,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0475/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":53887,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0475/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cfb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, D.B.","contributorId":87971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reiner, S. R.","contributorId":9299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiner","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":25789,"text":"wri964109 - 1996 - Summary of hydrogeologic controls on ground-water flow at the Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-06T18:34:26.842279","indexId":"wri964109","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4109","title":"Summary of hydrogeologic controls on ground-water flow at the Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"The underground testing of nuclear devices has generated substantial volumes of radioactive and other chemical contaminants below ground at the Nevada Test Site (NTS). Many of the more radioactive contaminants are highly toxic and are known to persist in the environment for thousands of years. In response to concerns about potential health hazards, the U.S. Department of Energy, under its Environmental Restoration Program, has made NTS the subject of a long-term investigation. Efforts supported through the U.S. Department of Energy program will assess whether byproducts of underground testing pose a potential hazard to the health and safety of the public and, if necessary, will evaluate and implement steps to remediate any of the identified dangers. \r\n\r\nTest-generated contaminants have been introduced over large areas and at variable depths above and below the water table throughout NTS. Evaluating the risks associated with these byproducts of underground testing presupposes a knowledge of the source, transport, and potential receptors of these contaminants. Ground-water flow is the primary mechanism by which contaminants can be transported significant distances away from the initial point of injection. Flow paths between contaminant sources and potential receptors are separated by remote areas that span tens of miles. The diversity and structural complexity of the rocks along these flow paths complicates the hydrology of the region. Although the hydrology has been studied in some detail, much still remains uncertain about flow rates and directions through the fractured-rock aquifers that transmit water great distances across this arid region. Unique to the hydrology of NTS are the effects of underground testing, which severely alter local rock characteristics and affect hydrologic conditions throughout the region. \r\n\r\nAny assessment of the risk must rely in part on the current understanding of ground-water flow, and the assessment will be only as good as the understanding itself. This report summarizes what is known and inferred about ground-water flow throughout the NTS region. The report identifies and updates what is known about some of the major controls on ground-water flow, highlights some of the uncertainties in the current understanding, and prioritizes some of the technical needs as related to the Environmental Restoration Program. \r\n\r\nAn apparent deficiency in the current understanding is a lack of knowledge about flow directions and rates away from major areas of testing. Efforts are necessary to delineate areas of downgradient flow and to identify factors that constrain and control flow within these areas. These efforts also should identify the areas most critical to gaining detailed understanding and to establishing long-term monitoring sites necessary for effective remediation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964109","usgsCitation":"Laczniak, R.J., Cole, J.C., Sawyer, D., and Trudeau, D.A., 1996, Summary of hydrogeologic controls on ground-water flow at the Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4109, Report: iv, 59 p.; 4 Plates: 35.71 × 45.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964109.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 59 p.; 4 Plates: 35.71 × 45.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406250,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48465.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54537,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4109/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4109/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":2043,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri964109","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Nevada Test Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.5786,\n 36.625\n ],\n [\n -115.75,\n 36.625\n ],\n [\n -115.75,\n 37.375\n ],\n [\n -116.5786,\n 37.375\n ],\n [\n -116.5786,\n 36.625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6990be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laczniak, R. J.","contributorId":46104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laczniak","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, J. C.","contributorId":51292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sawyer, D.A.","contributorId":107666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trudeau, D. A.","contributorId":38607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trudeau","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70018165,"text":"70018165 - 1996 - Middle Devonian-Mississippian stratigraphy on and near the Nevada Test Site: Implications for hydrocarbon potential","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-20T16:40:41.244353","indexId":"70018165","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Middle Devonian-Mississippian stratigraphy on and near the Nevada Test Site: Implications for hydrocarbon potential","docAbstract":"Paleozoic strata on the Nevada Test Site and surrounding area are affected by the intersection of several important geologic trends, including the early Paleozoic rift margin and the Late Devonian-Early Mississippian Antler orogenic foredeep. Upper Paleozoic strata are lithologically diverse and include siliciclastic sediments (carbonaceous shale, clean quartzose sands, bedded chert, and chert-lithic conglomerate and sand) and various carbonates. These are interpreted to have been deposited in a range of environments and water depths. The resulting complex stratigraphy with its dramatic vertical and lateral changes is difficult to correlate, even between nearby surface and subsurface sections.
Our detailed stratigraphic studies on and near the Nevada Test Site show that at least three distinct, and largely coeval, Mississippian facies assemblages can be recognized. When dated, correlated, and restored to their original relative geographic positions, these sections allow a new reconstruction of the Devonian and Mississippian geologic history that includes (1) delineation of the Antler foredeep basin and its clastic fill, (2) description of the muddy marginal shelf that lay inboard of the foredeep, and (3) correlation from that shelf to the outer fringes of the carbonate platform that characterizes the edge of the Mississippian epicontinental sea.
The position and delineation of the mud-dominated marginal shelf environment is particularly important because shales deposited under such conditions elsewhere in the Great Basin are the hydrocarbon source rocks for the Pine Valley and Railroad Valley oil fields. On the Nevada Test Site, Mississippian shale probably generated hydrocarbons in the past, and still has an organic content and a thermal history appropriate for generating hydrocarbons.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/64EDA154-1724-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Trexler, J.H., Cole, J.C., and Cashman, P., 1996, Middle Devonian-Mississippian stratigraphy on and near the Nevada Test Site: Implications for hydrocarbon potential: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 80, no. 11, p. 1736-1762, https://doi.org/10.1306/64EDA154-1724-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"1736","endPage":"1762","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227497,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Nevada Test Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.26454800781922,\n 36.459431051217024\n ],\n [\n -115.26454800781922,\n 37.38809493458058\n ],\n [\n -116.75473141182076,\n 37.38809493458058\n ],\n [\n -116.75473141182076,\n 36.459431051217024\n ],\n [\n -115.26454800781922,\n 36.459431051217024\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56d0e4b0c8380cd6d844","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trexler, James H. Jr.","contributorId":37399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trexler","given":"James","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, James C. jimcole@usgs.gov","contributorId":1256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"James","email":"jimcole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":378742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cashman, Patricia","contributorId":53676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cashman","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":44856,"text":"wri954177 - 1995 - Water-level data from wells and test holes through 1991 and potentiometric contours as of 1991 for Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:11","indexId":"wri954177","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4177","title":"Water-level data from wells and test holes through 1991 and potentiometric contours as of 1991 for Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"The underground nuclear-testing program of the U.S. Department of Energy takes place at the Nevada Test Site, about 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nev. Water levels in Yucca Flat may be affected by underground nuclear testing. The purpose of this map report is to present water-level data collected from wells and test holes through December 1991, and to present potentiometric contours representing 1991 water-table conditions in Yucca Flat. Water-level data from 91 sites are shown on the map and include information from 54 sites shown on a 1983 map. Water levels ranged from 519.5 to 2,162.9-feet below land surface. Potentiometric contours are drawn from water-level data to represent the altitude of the water table. Water-level altitudes ranged from about 2,377 ft to 2,770 ft above sea level in the central part of Yucca Flat and from about 4,060 ft to 2,503 ft above sea level in the western and northern parts of Yucca Flat. The water-level data were contoured considering the hydrologic setting, including the concept that water levels within the Cenozoic hydrologic units in the central part of the study area are elevated with respect to water levels in the adjacent and underlying Paleozoic hydrologic units. The most notable feature in the central part of the area is the presence of four ground-water mounds not shown on the 1983 map.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri954177","usgsCitation":"Hale, G.S., Trudeau, D.A., and Savard, C.S., 1995, Water-level data from wells and test holes through 1991 and potentiometric contours as of 1991 for Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4177, 1 map : col. ; 87 x 69 cm., on sheet 102 x 176 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954177.","productDescription":"1 map : col. ; 87 x 69 cm., on sheet 102 x 176 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":82217,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4177/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68628f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hale, Glenn S.","contributorId":56669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hale","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trudeau, Douglas A.","contributorId":52623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trudeau","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savard, Charles S. cssavard@usgs.gov","contributorId":3538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savard","given":"Charles","email":"cssavard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":17511,"text":"ofr95567 - 1995 - Preliminary digital geologic map database of the Nevada Test Site area, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:15","indexId":"ofr95567","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-567","title":"Preliminary digital geologic map database of the Nevada Test Site area, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95567","usgsCitation":"Sawyer, D.A., Wahl, R.R., Cole, J.C., Minor, S., Laczniak, R.J., Warren, R., Engle, C.M., and Vega, R., 1995, Preliminary digital geologic map database of the Nevada Test Site area, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-567, 62 p. ill. ;28 cm. +1 map (col., photocopy ; 75 x 78 cm., on sheet 92 x 142 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95567.","productDescription":"62 p. ill. ;28 cm. +1 map (col., photocopy ; 75 x 78 cm., on sheet 92 x 142 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1063,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/ofr-95-0567/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":149411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0567/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46660,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0567/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c4d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sawyer, David A. dsawyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"David","email":"dsawyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":176666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wahl, R. R.","contributorId":27462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cole, J. C.","contributorId":51292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Minor, S.A.","contributorId":65047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Laczniak, R. J.","contributorId":46104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laczniak","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Warren, R.G.","contributorId":6037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Engle, C. M.","contributorId":91880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vega, R.G.","contributorId":76323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vega","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":20666,"text":"ofr95284 - 1995 - Ground-water data for the Nevada Test Site, 1992, and for selected other areas in south-central Nevada, 1952-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:44","indexId":"ofr95284","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-284","title":"Ground-water data for the Nevada Test Site, 1992, and for selected other areas in south-central Nevada, 1952-92","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95284","usgsCitation":"Robie, L.S., Reiner, S.R., and Locke, G.L., 1995, Ground-water data for the Nevada Test Site, 1992, and for selected other areas in south-central Nevada, 1952-92: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-284, iv, 48 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95284.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0284/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":19371,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0284/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":50191,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0284/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cfd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robie, Leanne S.","contributorId":17633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robie","given":"Leanne","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reiner, Steven R. 0000-0002-8705-9333 srreiner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8705-9333","contributorId":4606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiner","given":"Steven","email":"srreiner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":183030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Locke, Glenn L. gllocke@usgs.gov","contributorId":2479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"Glenn","email":"gllocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":183029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":20613,"text":"ofr95160 - 1995 - Ground-water data for the Nevada Test Site and selected other areas in south-central Nevada, 1992-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:38","indexId":"ofr95160","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-160","title":"Ground-water data for the Nevada Test Site and selected other areas in south-central Nevada, 1992-93","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95160","usgsCitation":"Reiner, S.R., Locke, G.L., and Robie, L.S., 1995, Ground-water data for the Nevada Test Site and selected other areas in south-central Nevada, 1992-93: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-160, iv, 38 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95160.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0160/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":19369,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0160/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":50140,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0160/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cf4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reiner, Steven R. 0000-0002-8705-9333 srreiner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8705-9333","contributorId":4606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiner","given":"Steven","email":"srreiner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":182938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Locke, Glenn L. gllocke@usgs.gov","contributorId":2479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"Glenn","email":"gllocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":182937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robie, Leanne S.","contributorId":17633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robie","given":"Leanne","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":18414,"text":"ofr94618 - 1994 - Measurement of seismic P- and S-wave attenuation in volcanic tuff, Rainier Mesa Tunnels, Nevada Test Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:24","indexId":"ofr94618","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-618","title":"Measurement of seismic P- and S-wave attenuation in volcanic tuff, Rainier Mesa Tunnels, Nevada Test Site","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94618","usgsCitation":"Carroll, R.D., 1994, Measurement of seismic P- and S-wave attenuation in volcanic tuff, Rainier Mesa Tunnels, Nevada Test Site: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-618, 109 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94618.","productDescription":"109 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0618/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47751,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0618/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db6111dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carroll, R. D.","contributorId":53373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carroll","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18410,"text":"ofr94491 - 1994 - Meteorological data for four sites at surface-disruption features in Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada, 1985-86","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:24","indexId":"ofr94491","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-491","title":"Meteorological data for four sites at surface-disruption features in Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada, 1985-86","docAbstract":"Surface-disruption features, or craters, resulting from underground nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site may increase the potential for ground-water recharge in an area that would normally produce little, if any, recharge. This report presents selected meteorological data resulting from a study of two surface-disruption features during May 1985 through June 1986. The data were collected at four adjacent sites in Yucca Flat, about 56 kilometers north of Mercury, Nevada. Three sites (one in each of two craters and one at an undisturbed site at the original land surface) were instrumented to collect meteorological data for calculating bare-soil evaporation. These data include (1) long-wave radiation, (2) short-wave radiation, (3) net radiation, (4) air temperae, and (5) soil surface temperature. Meteorological data also were collected at a weather station at an undisturbed site near the study craters. Data collected at this site include (1) air temperature, (2) relative humidity, (3) wind velocity, and (4) wind direction.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94491","usgsCitation":"Carman, R.L., 1994, Meteorological data for four sites at surface-disruption features in Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada, 1985-86: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-491, iii, 43 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94491.","productDescription":"iii, 43 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0491/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47748,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0491/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db629624","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carman, Rita L.","contributorId":6468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carman","given":"Rita","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25709,"text":"wri934144 - 1994 - Pore-water extraction from unsaturated tuff by triaxial and one-dimensional compression methods, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:15","indexId":"wri934144","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4144","title":"Pore-water extraction from unsaturated tuff by triaxial and one-dimensional compression methods, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","docAbstract":"Study of the hydrologic system at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, requires the extraction of pore-water samples from welded and nonwelded, unsaturated tuffs. Two compression methods (triaxial compression and one-dimensional compression) were examined to develop a repeatable extraction technique and to investigate the effects of the extraction method on the original pore-fluid composition. A commercially available triaxial cell was modified to collect pore water expelled from tuff cores. The triaxial cell applied a maximum axial stress of 193 MPa and a maximum confining stress of 68 MPa. Results obtained from triaxial compression testing indicated that pore-water samples could be obtained from nonwelded tuff cores that had initial moisture contents as small as 13 percent (by weight of dry soil). Injection of nitrogen gas while the test core was held at the maximum axial stress caused expulsion of additional pore water and reduced the required initial moisture content from 13 to 11 percent. Experimental calculations, together with experience gained from testing moderately welded tuff cores, indicated that the triaxial cell used in this study could not apply adequate axial or confining stress to expel pore water from cores of densely welded tuffs. This concern led to the design, fabrication, and testing of a one-dimensional compression cell. The one-dimensional compression cell used in this study was constructed from hardened 4340-alloy and nickel-alloy steels and could apply a maximum axial stress of 552 MPa. The major components of the device include a corpus ring and sample sleeve to confine the sample, a piston and base platen to apply axial load, and drainage plates to transmit expelled water from the test core out of the cell. One-dimensional compression extracted pore water from nonwelded tuff cores that had initial moisture contents as small as 7.6 percent; pore water was expelled from densely welded tuff cores that had initial moisture contents as small as 7.7 percent. Injection of nitrogen gas at the maximum axial stress did not produce additional pore water from nonwelded tuff cores, but was critical to recovery of pore water from densely welded tuff cores. Gas injection reduced the required initial moisture content in welded tuff cores from 7.7 to 6.5 percent. Based on the mechanical ability of a pore-water extraction method to remove water from welded and nonwelded tuff cores, one-dimensional compression is a more effective extraction method than triaxial compression. However, because the effects that one-dimensional compression has on pore-water chemistry are not completely understood, additional testing will be needed to verify that this method is suitable for pore-water extraction from Yucca Mountain tuffs.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section, [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934144","usgsCitation":"Mower, T.E., Higgins, J.D., Yang, I., and Peters, C.A., 1994, Pore-water extraction from unsaturated tuff by triaxial and one-dimensional compression methods, Nevada Test Site, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4144, vi, 78 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934144.","productDescription":"vi, 78 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4144/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54469,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4144/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db68428c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mower, Timothy E.","contributorId":34171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mower","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higgins, Jerry D.","contributorId":35353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yang, In C.","contributorId":70424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"In C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peters, Charles A. capeters@usgs.gov","contributorId":214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Charles","email":"capeters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":194749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}