{"pageNumber":"30","pageRowStart":"725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":2263,"records":[{"id":70044388,"text":"70044388 - 2006 - Mineral resource of the month: mercury","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T12:43:22","indexId":"70044388","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: mercury","docAbstract":"The ore of mercury, cinnabar, is soft and dark red, and native mercury is one of a few metals that is liquid at room temperatures. Cinnabar from Almaden, Spain, the world’s oldest producing mercury mine, was used during Roman times, and the chemical symbol for mercury (Hg) is from \"hydrargyrum,\" from the Greek word meaning liquid silver. Cinnabar and mercury are associated with some hydrothermal mineral deposits and occur in fine-grained or sedimentary and volcanic rocks near hot springs or volcanic centers. Mercury may be recovered as a byproduct of processing copper, gold, lead-zinc or silver.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotimes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geosciences Institute","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","usgsCitation":"Brooks, W.E., 2006, Mineral resource of the month: mercury: Geotimes, v. 2006, no. April, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040559","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270469,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.geotimes.org/apr06/resources.html"}],"volume":"2006","issue":"April","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515bfdf2e4b075500ee5ca67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, William E.","contributorId":104061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028552,"text":"70028552 - 2006 - Environmental contaminants in fish and their associated risk to piscivorous wildlife in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028552","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental contaminants in fish and their associated risk to piscivorous wildlife in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska","docAbstract":"Organochlorine chemical residues and elemental contaminants were measured in northern pike (Esox lucius), longnose sucker (Catostomus catostomus), and burbot (Lota lota) from 10 sites in the Yukon River Basin (YRB) during 2002. Contaminant concentrations were compared to historical YRB data and to toxicity thresholds for fish and piscivorous wildlife from the scientific literature. A risk analysis was conducted to screen for potential hazards to piscivorous wildlife for contaminants that exceeded literature-based toxicity thresholds. Concentrations of total DDT (sum of p,p???-homologs; 1.09-13.6 ng/g), total chlordane (0.67-7.5 ng/g), dieldrin (<0.16-0.6 ng/g), toxaphene (<11-34 ng/g), total PCBs (<20-87 ng/g), TCDD-EQ (???1.7 pg/g), arsenic (0.03-1.95 ??g/g), cadmium (<0.02-0.12 ??g/g), copper (0.41-1.49 ??g/g), and lead (<0.21-0.27 ??g/g) did not exceed toxicity thresholds for growth and reproduction in YRB fish. Concentrations of mercury (0.08-0.65 ??g/g), selenium (0.23-0.85 ??g/g), and zinc (11-56 ??g/g) exceeded toxicity thresholds in one or more samples and were included in the risk analysis for piscivorous wildlife. No effect hazard concentrations (NEHCs) and low effect hazard concentrations (LEHCs), derived from literature-based toxicity reference values and avian and mammalian life history parameters, were calculated for mercury, selenium, and zinc. Mercury concentrations in YRB fish exceeded the NEHCs for all bird and small mammal models, which indicated that mercury concentrations in fish may represent a risk to piscivorous wildlife throughout the YRB. Low risk to piscivorous wildlife was associated with selenium and zinc concentrations in YRB fish. Selenium and zinc concentrations exceeded the NEHCs and LEHCs for only the small bird model. These results indicate that mercury should continue to be monitored and assessed in Alaskan fish and wildlife. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00244-005-0310-6","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Hinck, J., Schmitt, C., Echols, K.R., May, T., Orazio, C., and Tillitt, D.E., 2006, Environmental contaminants in fish and their associated risk to piscivorous wildlife in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 51, no. 4, p. 661-672, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-0310-6.","startPage":"661","endPage":"672","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209990,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-0310-6"},{"id":236774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09b1e4b0c8380cd5200a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinck, J.E.","contributorId":47560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinck","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmitt, C. J. 0000-0001-6804-2360","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":56339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Echols, K. R.","contributorId":32637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echols","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Orazio, C.E.","contributorId":68440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orazio","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":83462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030289,"text":"70030289 - 2006 - Geology and reconnaissance stable isotope study of the Oyu Tolgoi porphyry Cu-Au system, South Gobi, Mongolia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030289","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and reconnaissance stable isotope study of the Oyu Tolgoi porphyry Cu-Au system, South Gobi, Mongolia","docAbstract":"The Oyu Tolgoi porphyry Cu-Au system in the South Gobi desert, Mongolia, comprises five deposits that extend over 6 km in a north-northeast-oriented zone. They occur in a middle to late Paleozoic are terrane and are related to Late Devonian quartz monzodiorite intrusions. The Hugo Dummett deposits are the northernmost and deepest, with up to 1,000 m of premineral sedimentary and volcanic cover rock remaining. They are the largest deposits discovered to date and characterized by high-grade copper (>2.5% Cu) and gold (0.5-2 g/t) mineralization associated with intense quartz veining and several phases of quartz monzodiorite intruded into basaltic volcanic host rocks. Sulfide minerals in these deposits are zoned outward from a bornite-dominated core to chalcopyrite, upward to pyrite ?? enargite and covellite at shallower depth. The latter high-sulfidation-state sulfides are hosted by advanced argillic alteration mineral associations. This alteration is restricted mainly to dacitic ash-flow tuff that overlies the basaltic volcanic rock and includes ubiquitous quartz and pyrophyllite, kaolinite, plus late dickite veins, as well as K alunite, Al phosphate-sulfate minerals, zunyite, diaspore, topaz, corundum, and andalusite. A reconnaissance oxygen-hydrogen and sulfur isotope study was undertaken to investigate the origin of several characteristic alteration minerals in the Oyu Tolgoi system, with particular emphasis on the Hugo Dummett deposits. Based on the isotopic composition of O, H, and S (??18O(SO4) = 8.8-20.1???, ??D = -73 to -43???, ??34S = 9.8-17.9???), the alunite formed from condensation of magmatic vapor that ascended to the upper parts of the porphyry hydrothermal system, without involvement of significant amounts of meteoric water. The isotopic data indicate that pyrophyllite (??18O = 6.5-10.9???, ??D = -90 to -106???) formed from a magmatic fluid with a component of meteoric water. Muscovite associated with quartz monzodiorite intrusions occurs in the core of the Hugo Dummett deposits, and isotopic data (??18O = 3.0-9.0???, ??D = -101 to -116%o) show it formed from a magmatic fluid with water similar in composition to that which formed the pyrophyllite. Mg chlorite (??18O = 5.5???, ??D = -126???) is a widespread mineral retrograde after hydrothermal biotite and may have formed from fluids similar to those related to the muscovite during cooling of the porphyry system. By contrast, paragenetically later and postmineralization alteration fluid, which produced dickite (??18O = -4.1 to +3.3???, ??D = -130 to -140???), shows clear evidence for mixing with substantial amounts of meteoric water. Relatively low ??D values (-140???) for this meteoric water component may indicate that its source was at high elevations. The geologic structure, nature of alteration, styles of mineralization, and stable isotope data indicate that the Oyu Tolgoi deposits constitute a typical porphyry system formed in an island-arc setting. The outward zonation of sulfide minerals for the Hugo Dummett deposits, from a bornite-dominated core to chalcopyrite and pyrite-enargite, can be interpreted to be related to a cooling magmatic hydrothermal system which transgressed outward over enclosing advanced argillic alteration. This resulted in some unusual alteration and sulfide parageneses, such as topaz, or pyrite, enargite, and tennantite, entrained by high-grade bornite. ?? 2006 by Economic Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.101.3.503","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Khashgerel, B., Rye, R.O., Hedenquist, J., and Kavalieris, I., 2006, Geology and reconnaissance stable isotope study of the Oyu Tolgoi porphyry Cu-Au system, South Gobi, Mongolia: Economic Geology, v. 101, no. 3, p. 503-522, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.101.3.503.","startPage":"503","endPage":"522","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212035,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.101.3.503"},{"id":239439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a242de4b0c8380cd57e72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Khashgerel, B.-E.","contributorId":33918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khashgerel","given":"B.-E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hedenquist, J.W.","contributorId":88093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedenquist","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kavalieris, I.","contributorId":9458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kavalieris","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175717,"text":"70175717 - 2006 - Nest survival in dusky Canada geese (Branta canadensis occidentalis): Use of discrete-time models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T07:59:42","indexId":"70175717","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest survival in dusky Canada geese (Branta canadensis occidentalis): Use of discrete-time models","docAbstract":"

The Dusky Canada Goose (Branta canadensis occidentalis) population that breeds in the Copper River Delta, Alaska, has declined substantially since the late 1970s. Persistent low numbers have been attributed to low productivity in recent years. We examined patterns in survival rates of 1,852 nests to better understand ecological processes that influenced productivity during 1997-2000. We compared 10 nonparametric models of daily survival rate of nests (DSR) that included variation among years, calendar dates, nest initiation dates, and nest ages with equivalent models based on parametric functions. The unequivocal best model included patterns of DSR that varied among discrete periods of years, calendar dates, and nest ages. Generally, DSR was low early in the nesting season and higher midseason. Across years, patterns in DSR were most variable early and late in the nesting season. Daily survival rates of nests declined between the first and second week after initiation, increased until the fourth week, and then declined during the last week before hatch. Nest survival probability estimates ranged from 0.07 to 0.71 across years and nest initiation dates. Mean rates of nest survival ranged between 0.21 and 0.31 each year. We suggest (1) considering models that do not limit estimates of daily nest survival to parametric forms; (2) placing greater emphasis on sample size when nests are rare, to obtain accurate estimates of nest survival; and (3) developing new techniques to estimate the number of nests initiated.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[0198:NSIDCG]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Grand, J., Fondell, T., Miller, D., and Anthony, R.M., 2006, Nest survival in dusky Canada geese (Branta canadensis occidentalis): Use of discrete-time models: The Auk, v. 123, no. 1, p. 198-210, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[0198:NSIDCG]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"198","endPage":"210","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[0198:nsidcg]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":326825,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc69e4b03fd6b7d94c6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grand, J.B.","contributorId":11150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fondell, T.F.","contributorId":11154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fondell","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Dick","contributorId":46054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Dick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anthony, R. Michael","contributorId":54535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030594,"text":"70030594 - 2006 - High REE and Y concentrations in Co-Cu-Au ores of the Blackbird district, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030594","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High REE and Y concentrations in Co-Cu-Au ores of the Blackbird district, Idaho","docAbstract":"Analysis of 11 samples of strata-bound Co-Cu-Au ore from the Blackbird district in Idaho shows previously unknown high concentrations of rare earth elements (REE) and Y, averaging 0.53 wt percent ???REE + Y oxides. Scanning electron microscopy indicates REE and Y residence in monazite, xenotime, and allanite that form complex intergrowths with cobaltite, suggesting coeval Co and REE + Y mineralization during the Mesoproterozoic. Occurrence of high REE and Y concentrations in the Blackbird ores, together with previously documented saline-rich fluid inclusions and Cl-rich biotite, suggest that these are not volcanogenic massive sulfide or sedimentary exhalative deposits but instead are iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) deposits. Other strata-bound Co deposits of Proterozoic age in the North American Cordillera and elsewhere in the world may have potential for REE and Y resources. IOCG deposits with abundant light REE should also be evaluated for possible unrecognized heavy REE and Y mineralization. ?? 2006 by Economic Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.101.2.275","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Slack, J.F., 2006, High REE and Y concentrations in Co-Cu-Au ores of the Blackbird district, Idaho: Economic Geology, v. 101, no. 2, p. 275-280, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.101.2.275.","startPage":"275","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211873,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.101.2.275"},{"id":239246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30abe4b0c8380cd5d847","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, J. F.","contributorId":75917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70030957,"text":"70030957 - 2006 - Effects of enhanced zinc and copper in drinking water on spatial memory and fear conditioning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70030957","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of enhanced zinc and copper in drinking water on spatial memory and fear conditioning","docAbstract":"Ingestion of enhanced zinc can cause memory impairments and copper deficiencies. This study examined the effect of zinc supplementation, with and without copper, on two types of memory. Rats raised pre- and post-natally on 10 mg/kg ZnCO3 or ZnSO4 in the drinking water were tested in a fear-conditioning experiment at 11 months of age. Both zinc groups showed a maladaptive retention of fearful memories compared to controls raised on tap water. Rats raised on 10 mg/kg ZnCO3, 10 mg/kg ZnCO3 + 0.25 mg/kg CuCl2, or tap water, were tested for spatial memory ability at 3 months of age. Significant improvements in performance were found in the ZnCO3 + CuCl2 group compared to the ZnCO3 group, suggesting that some of the cognitive deficits associated with zinc supplementation may be remediated by addition of copper. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.019","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Chrosniak, L., Smith, L., McDonald, C., Jones, B., and Flinn, J., 2006, Effects of enhanced zinc and copper in drinking water on spatial memory and fear conditioning: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 88, no. 1-3 SPEC. ISS., p. 91-94, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.019.","startPage":"91","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211271,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.019"},{"id":238534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"1-3 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06dde4b0c8380cd5145e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chrosniak, L.D.","contributorId":67721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chrosniak","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, L.N.","contributorId":20533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"L.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonald, C.G.","contributorId":62824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flinn, J.M.","contributorId":45892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flinn","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030596,"text":"70030596 - 2006 - Stand and landscape level effects of a major outbreak of spruce beetles on forest vegetation in the Copper River Basin, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030596","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stand and landscape level effects of a major outbreak of spruce beetles on forest vegetation in the Copper River Basin, Alaska","docAbstract":"From 1989 to 2003, a widespread outbreak of spruce beetles (Dendroctonus rufipennis) in the Copper River Basin, Alaska, infested over 275,000 ha of forests in the region. During 1997 and 1998, we measured forest vegetation structure and composition on one hundred and thirty-six 20-m ?? 20-m plots to assess both the immediate stand and landscape level effects of the spruce beetle infestation. A photo-interpreted vegetation and infestation map was produced using color-infrared aerial photography at a scale of 1:40,000. We used linear regression to quantify the effects of the outbreak on forest structure and composition. White spruce (Picea glauca) canopy cover and basal area of medium-to-large trees [???15 cm diameter-at-breast height (1.3 m, dbh)] were reduced linearly as the number of trees attacked by spruce beetles increased. Black spruce (Picea mariana) and small diameter white spruce (<15 cm dbh) were infrequently attacked and killed by spruce beetles. This selective attack of mature white spruce reduced structural complexity of stands to earlier stages of succession and caused mixed tree species stands to lose their white spruce and become more homogeneous in overstory composition. Using the resulting regressions, we developed a transition matrix to describe changes in vegetation types under varying levels of spruce beetle infestations, and applied the model to the vegetation map. Prior to the outbreak, our study area was composed primarily of stands of mixed white and black spruce (29% of area) and pure white spruce (25%). However, the selective attack on white spruce caused many of these stands to transition to black spruce dominated stands (73% increase in area) or shrublands (26% increase in area). The post-infestation landscape was thereby composed of more even distributions of shrubland and white, black, and mixed spruce communities (17-22% of study area). Changes in the cover and composition of understory vegetation were less evident in this study. However, stands with the highest mortality due to spruce beetles had the lowest densities of white spruce seedlings suggesting a longer forest regeneration time without an increase in seedling germination, growth, or survival. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.040","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Allen, J.L., Wesser, S., Markon, C., and Winterberger, K., 2006, Stand and landscape level effects of a major outbreak of spruce beetles on forest vegetation in the Copper River Basin, Alaska: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 227, no. 3 SPEC. ISS., p. 257-266, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.040.","startPage":"257","endPage":"266","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211905,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.040"},{"id":239282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"227","issue":"3 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b96a3e4b08c986b31b614","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, J. L.","contributorId":49295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wesser, S.","contributorId":67779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesser","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Markon, C. J.","contributorId":66729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markon","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winterberger, K.C.","contributorId":32051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winterberger","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028943,"text":"70028943 - 2006 - Seasonal and spatial patterns of metals at a restored copper mine site. I. Stream copper and zinc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T10:28:21","indexId":"70028943","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal and spatial patterns of metals at a restored copper mine site. I. Stream copper and zinc","docAbstract":"Seasonal and spatial variations in metal concentrations and pH were found in a stream at a restored copper mine site located near a massive sulfide deposit in the Foothill copper-zinc belt of the Sierra Nevada, California. At the mouth of the stream, copper concentrations increased and pH decreased with increased streamflow after the onset of winter rain and, unexpectedly, reached extreme values 1 or 2 months after peaks in the seasonal hydrographs. In contrast, aqueous zinc and sulfate concentrations were highest during low-flow periods. Spatial variation was assessed in 400 m of reach encompassing an acidic, metal-laden seep. At this seep, pH remained low (2-3) throughout the year, and copper concentrations were highest. In contrast, the zinc concentrations increased with downstream distance. These spatial patterns were caused by immobilization of copper by hydrous ferric oxides in benthic sediments, coupled with increasing downstream supply of zinc from groundwater seepage.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2006.02.019","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Bambic, D., Alpers, C.N., Green, P., Fanelli, E., and Silk, W., 2006, Seasonal and spatial patterns of metals at a restored copper mine site. I. Stream copper and zinc: Environmental Pollution, v. 144, no. 3, p. 774-782, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.02.019.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"774","endPage":"782","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209619,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.02.019"}],"volume":"144","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8877e4b08c986b3169af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bambic, D.G.","contributorId":72184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bambic","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":420657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, P.G.","contributorId":87348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fanelli, E.","contributorId":12669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fanelli","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Silk, W.K.","contributorId":32717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silk","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030424,"text":"70030424 - 2006 - Biomonitoring in the Boulder River watershed, Montana, USA: metal concentrations in biofilm and macroinvertebrates, and relations with macroinvertebrate assemblage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:42:53","indexId":"70030424","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biomonitoring in the Boulder River watershed, Montana, USA: metal concentrations in biofilm and macroinvertebrates, and relations with macroinvertebrate assemblage","docAbstract":"

Portions of the Boulder River watershed contain elevated concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in water, sediment, and biota. We measured concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in biofilm and macroinvertebrates, and assessed macroinvertebrate assemblage and aquatic habitat with the objective of monitoring planned remediation efforts. Concentrations of metals were generally higher in downstream sites compared with upstream or reference sites, and two sites contained metal concentrations in macroinvertebrates greater than values reported to reduce health and survival of resident trout. Macroinvertebrate assemblage was correlated with metal concentrations in biofilm and macroinvertebrates. However, macroinvertebrate metrics were significantly correlated with a greater number of biofilm metals (8) than metals in invertebrates (4). Lead concentrations in biofilm appeared to have the most significant impact on macroinvertebrate assemblage. Metal concentrations in macroinvertebrates were directly proportional to concentrations in biofilm, indicating biofilm as a potential surrogate for monitoring metal impacts in aquatic systems.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer ","doi":"10.1007/s10661-006-7086-7","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Rhea, D., Harper, D., Farag, A., and Brumbaugh, W.G., 2006, Biomonitoring in the Boulder River watershed, Montana, USA: metal concentrations in biofilm and macroinvertebrates, and relations with macroinvertebrate assemblage: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 115, no. 1-3, p. 381-393, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-7086-7.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"393","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211980,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-7086-7"}],"volume":"115","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f18ee4b0c8380cd4acdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rhea, D.T.","contributorId":90930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhea","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harper, D.D.","contributorId":82526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farag, A.M.","contributorId":106273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":106441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":427100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030454,"text":"70030454 - 2006 - Typing mineral deposits using their associated rocks, grades and tonnages using a probabilistic neural network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030454","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Typing mineral deposits using their associated rocks, grades and tonnages using a probabilistic neural network","docAbstract":"A probabilistic neural network is employed to classify 1610 mineral deposits into 18 types using tonnage, average Cu, Mo, Ag, Au, Zn, and Pb grades, and six generalized rock types. The purpose is to examine whether neural networks might serve for integrating geoscience information available in large mineral databases to classify sites by deposit type. Successful classifications of 805 deposits not used in training - 87% with grouped porphyry copper deposits - and the nature of misclassifications demonstrate the power of probabilistic neural networks and the value of quantitative mineral-deposit models. The results also suggest that neural networks can classify deposits as well as experienced economic geologists. ?? International Association for Mathematical Geology 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11004-005-9023-7","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Singer, D., 2006, Typing mineral deposits using their associated rocks, grades and tonnages using a probabilistic neural network: Mathematical Geology, v. 38, no. 4, p. 465-474, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11004-005-9023-7.","startPage":"465","endPage":"474","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211897,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11004-005-9023-7"},{"id":239273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9b8e4b08c986b327d6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, D.A.","contributorId":69128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70030569,"text":"70030569 - 2006 - Role of microbial iron reduction in the dissolution of iron hydroxysulfate minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:52:28","indexId":"70030569","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of microbial iron reduction in the dissolution of iron hydroxysulfate minerals","docAbstract":"Iron-hydroxysulfate minerals can be important hosts for metals such as lead, mercury, copper, zinc, silver, chromium, arsenic, and selenium and for radionuclides such as 226Ra. These mineral-bound contaminants are considered immobilized under oxic conditions. However, when anoxic conditions develop, the activities of sulfate- or iron-reducing bacteria could result in mineral dissolution, releasing these bound contaminants. Reduction of structural sulfate in the iron-hydroxysulfate mineral jarosite by sulfate-reducing bacteria has previously been demonstrated. The primary objective of this work was to evaluate the potential for anaerobic dissolution of the iron-hydroxysulfate minerals jarosite and schwertmannite at neutral PH by iron-reducing bacteria. Mineral dissolution was tested using a long-term cultivar, Geobacter metallireducens strain GS-15, and a fresh isolate Geobacter sp. strain ENN1, previously undescribed. ENN1 was isolated from the discharge site of Shadle Mine, in the southern anthracite coalfield of Pennsylvania, where schwertmannite was the predominant iron-hydroxysulfate mineral. When jarosite from Elizabeth Mine (Vermont) was provided as the sole terminal electron acceptor, resting cells of both G. metallireducens and ENN1 were able to reduce structural Fe(III), releasing Fe+2, SO4-2, and K+ ions. A lithified jarosite sample from Utah was more resistant to microbial attack, but slow release of Fe+2 was observed. Neither bacterium released Fe+2 from poorly crystalline synthetic schwertmannite. Our results indicate that exposure of jarosite to iron-reducing conditions at neutral pH is likely to promote the mobility of hazardous constituents and should therefore be considered in evaluating waste disposal and/or reclamation options involving jarosite-bearing materials.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2005JG000089","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Jones, E., Nadeau, T., Voytek, M., and Landa, E.R., 2006, Role of microbial iron reduction in the dissolution of iron hydroxysulfate minerals: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 111, no. 1, G01012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JG000089.","productDescription":"G01012","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477431,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jg000089","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212048,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JG000089"}],"volume":"111","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae5de4b0c8380cd870a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, E.J.P.","contributorId":12607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"E.J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nadeau, T.-L.","contributorId":50353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nadeau","given":"T.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voytek, M.A.","contributorId":44272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028916,"text":"70028916 - 2006 - Pathogens, nutritional deficiency, and climate influences on a declining moose population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T15:04:47","indexId":"70028916","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3773,"text":"Wildlife Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathogens, nutritional deficiency, and climate influences on a declining moose population","docAbstract":"

Several potential proximate causes may be implicated in a recent (post-1984) decline in moose (Alces alces andersoni) numbers at their southern range periphery in northwest Minnesota, USA. These causes include deleterious effects of infectious pathogens, some of which are associated with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), negative effects of climate change, increased food competition with deer or moose, legal or illegal hunting, and increased predation by gray wolves (Canis lupus) and black bears (Ursus americanus). Long-standing factors that may have contributed to the moose decline include those typically associated with marginal habitat such as nutritional deficiencies. We examined survival and productivity among radiocollared (n = 152) adult female and juvenile moose in northwest Minnesota during 1995–2000, and assessed cause of death and pathology through carcass necropsy of radiocollared and non-radiocollared animals.

Aerial moose surveys suggested that hunting was an unlikely source of the numerical decline because the level of harvest was relatively low (i.e., approx. 15% / 2 yr) and the population usually grew in years following a hunt. The majority of moose mortalities (up to 87% of radiocollared moose [n = 76] and up to 65% of non-radiocollared moose [n = 84]) were proximally related to pathology associated with parasites and infectious disease. Liver fluke (Fascioloides magna) infections apparently constituted the greatest single source of mortality and caused significant pathology in the liver, thoracic and peritoneal cavities, pericardial sac, and lungs. Mortality due to meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) was less prevalent and was manifested through characteristic neurological disease. Several mortalities apparently were associated with unidentified infectious disease, probably acting in close association with malnutrition. Bone-marrow fat was lower for moose dying of natural causes than those dying of anthropogenic factors or accidents, implying that acute malnutrition contributed to moose mortality. Blood profiles from live-captured animals indicated that those dying in the subsequent 18 months were chronically malnourished.

Relative to other populations, average annual survival rates for adult females (0.79 [0.74–0.84; 95% CI]) and yearlings (0.64 [0.48–0.86]) were low, whereas those for calves (0.66 [0.53–081]) were high. Pregnancy (48%) and twinning (19%) rates were among the lowest reported for moose, with reproductive senescence among females being apparent as early as 8 years. Pregnancy status was related to indices of acute (i.e., bone-marrow fat) and chronic (i.e., blood condition indices) malnutrition. Opportunistic carcass recovery indicated that there likely were few prime-aged males (>5 yr old) in the population.

Analysis of protein content in moose browse and fecal samples indicated that food quality was probably adequate to support moose over winter, but the higher fecal protein among animals that died in the subsequent 18 months could be indicative of protein catabolism associated with malnutrition. Trace element analysis from moose livers revealed apparent deficiencies in copper and selenium, but there was limited evidence of direct association between trace element concentrations and moose disease, pathology, or mortality. Time-series analysis of regional moose counts (1961–2000) indicated that annual population growth rate was related negatively to mean summer temperature, with winter and summer temperatures increasing by an average of 6.8 and 2.1 C, respectively, during the 40-year period. This change may have increased moose thermoregulatory costs and disrupted their energy balance, and thereby reduced their fitness. Time-series analysis failed to show a relationship between annual population growth rate and moose or deer abundance, indicating that food limitation via resource competition was unlikely. Population viability analyses, using count data (1961–2000) and demographic data collected during this study, suggested that the northwest Minnesota moose population likely would not persist over the next 50 years. More broadly, we conclude that the southern distribution of moose may become restricted in areas where climate and habitat conditions are marginal, especially where deer are abundant and act as reservoir hosts for parasites.

","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0084-0173(2006)166[1:PNDACI]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00840173","usgsCitation":"Murray, D., Cox, E., Ballard, W., Whitlaw, H.A., Lenarz, M., Custer, T., Barnett, T., and Fuller, T., 2006, Pathogens, nutritional deficiency, and climate influences on a declining moose population: Wildlife Monographs, no. 166, p. 1-30, https://doi.org/10.2193/0084-0173(2006)166[1:PNDACI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.822509765625,\n 47.286681888764214\n ],\n [\n -96.822509765625,\n 48.99463598353408\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 48.99463598353408\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 47.286681888764214\n ],\n [\n -96.822509765625,\n 47.286681888764214\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"166","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75a1e4b0c8380cd77c5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, D.L.","contributorId":104266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, E.W.","contributorId":70172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ballard, W.B.","contributorId":101235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballard","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitlaw, Heather A.","contributorId":13026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitlaw","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lenarz, M.S.","contributorId":99923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenarz","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":420540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barnett, T.","contributorId":89708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fuller, T.K.","contributorId":98252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70045822,"text":"70045822 - 2005 - Mineral of the month: aluminum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T10:09:43","indexId":"70045822","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral of the month: aluminum","docAbstract":"Aluminum is the second most abundant metallic element in Earth’s crust after silicon. Even so, it is a comparatively new industrial metal that has been produced in commercial quantities for little more than 100 years. Aluminum is lightweight, ductile, malleable and corrosion resistant, and is a good conductor of heat and electricity. Weighing about one-third as much as steel or copper per unit of volume, aluminum is used more than any other metal except iron. Aluminum can be fabricated into desired forms and shapes by every major metalworking technique to add to its versatility.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotimes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGI","usgsCitation":"Plunkert, P.A., 2005, Mineral of the month: aluminum: Geotimes, v. 2005, no. December, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271918,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.geotimes.org/dec05/resources.html#mineral"}],"volume":"2005","issue":"December","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518a2269e4b061e1bd5333a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plunkert, Patricia A.","contributorId":34593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plunkert","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70045831,"text":"70045831 - 2005 - Mineral of the month: manganese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T10:48:24","indexId":"70045831","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral of the month: manganese","docAbstract":"Manganese is one of the most important ferrous metals and one of the few for which the United States is totally dependent on imports. It is a black, brittle element predominantly used in metallurgical applications as an alloying addition, particularly in steel and cast iron production, which together provide the largest market for manganese (about 83 percent). It is also used as an alloy with nonferrous metals such as aluminum and copper. Nonmetallurgical applications of manganese include battery cathodes, soft ferrite magnets used in electronics, micronutrients found in fertilizers and animal feed, water treatment chemicals, and a colorant for bricks and ceramics.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotimes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGI","usgsCitation":"Corathers, L.A., 2005, Mineral of the month: manganese: Geotimes, v. 2005, no. October, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271940,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271939,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.geotimes.org/oct05/resources.html#mineral"}],"volume":"2005","issue":"October","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518a226ce4b061e1bd5333ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corathers, Lisa A. lcorathers@usgs.gov","contributorId":3213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corathers","given":"Lisa","email":"lcorathers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175151,"text":"pp1732E - 2005 - Oceanic Pb-isotopic sources of Proterozoic and Paleozoic volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits on Prince of Wales Island and vicinity, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70175151,"text":"pp1732E - 2005 - Oceanic Pb-isotopic sources of Proterozoic and Paleozoic volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits on Prince of Wales Island and vicinity, southeastern Alaska","indexId":"pp1732E","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Oceanic Pb-isotopic sources of Proterozoic and Paleozoic volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits on Prince of Wales Island and vicinity, southeastern Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":79483,"text":"pp1732 - 2006 - Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2005","indexId":"pp1732","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2005"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":79483,"text":"pp1732 - 2006 - Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2005","indexId":"pp1732","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2005"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-09T15:26:19.663528","indexId":"pp1732E","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1732","chapter":"E","title":"Oceanic Pb-isotopic sources of Proterozoic and Paleozoic volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits on Prince of Wales Island and vicinity, southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"

Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits on Prince of Wales Island and vicinity in southeastern Alaska are associated with Late Proterozoic through Cambrian volcanosedimentary rocks of the Wales Group and with Ordovician through Early Silurian felsic volcanic rocks of the Moira Sound unit (new informal name). The massive sulfide deposits in the Wales Group include the Big Harbor, Copper City, Corbin, Keete Inlet, Khayyam, Ruby Tuesday, and Stumble-On deposits, and those in the Moira Sound unit include the Barrier Islands, Moira Copper, Niblack, and Nichols Bay deposits. Pb-isotopic signatures were determined on sulfide minerals (galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and sphalerite) to constrain metal sources of the massive sulfides and for comparison with data for other deposits in the region. Except for the Ruby Tuesday deposit, galena is relatively rare in most of these deposits. Pb-isotopic signatures distinguish the mainly Cu+Zn±Ag±Au massive sulfide deposits in the Wales Group from the Zn+Cu±Ag±Au massive sulfide deposits in the Moira Sound unit. Among the older group of deposits, the Khayyam deposit has the widest variation in Pb-isotopic ratios (206Pb/204Pb=17.169–18.021, 207Pb/204Pb=15.341–15.499, 208Pb/204Pb=36.546–37.817); data for the other massive sulfide deposits in the Wales Group overlap the isotopic variations in the Khayyam deposit. Pb-isotopic ratios for both groups of deposits are lower than those on the average crustal Pbevolution curve (µ=9.74), attesting to a large mantle influence in the Pb source. All the deposits show no evidence for Pb evolution primarily in the upper or lower continental crust. Samples from the younger group of deposits have scattered Pb-isotopic compositions and plot as a broad band on uranogenic and thorogenic Pb diagrams. Data for these deposits overlap the trend for massive sulfide deposits in the Wales Group but extend to significantly more radiogenic Pb-isotopic values. Pb-isotopic ratios of samples from the massive sulfide deposits in the Moira Sound unit plot on a different trend (206Pb/204Pb=17.375–19.418, 207Pb/204Pb=15.361–15.519, 208Pb/204Pb=36.856–37.241) from the steep slope defined by the massive sulfide deposits in the Wales Group. In comparison, the Pb-isotopic ratios of Devonian polymetallic (Pb-Zn-Au-Ag) quartz-sulfide veins vary widely ( 206Pb/204Pb=18.339–18.946, 207Pb/204Pb=15.447–15.561, 208Pb/204Pb=37.358–38.354), straddling the slope defined by the massive sulfide deposits in the Moira Sound unit. The general decrease in 207Pb/204Pb ratio in these deposits, relative to the average crustal Pb-evolution curve, suggests that the most likely lead sources were those associated with oceanic volcanic rocks. The massive sulfide deposits in the Wales Group may have resided within an intraoceanic tectonic setting where the mantle was the predominant contributor of metals. Some contribution from reworked arc material or recycled older, hydrothermally altered oceanic crust (including pelagic sediment) is also possible. Lead sources of the massive sulfide deposits in the Moira Sound unit also included an older source region, possibly a Late Proterozoic or Cambrian volcanosedimentary sequence and the massive sulfide deposits in the Wales Group. Preliminary regional comparison of the Pb-isotopic data indicates that the Greens Creek (Admiralty Island, Alaska) and Windy Craggy (northern British Columbia) deposits probably did not share a common lead source with the VMS deposits on Prince of Wales Island. Other sulfide occurrences on Admiralty Island are also more radiogenic than those on Prince of Wales Island. Large differences in 207Pb/204Pb ratio suggest that the lead in the VMS deposits in different parts of the Alexander terrane evolved from sources with heterogeneous U/Pb ratios, resulting from mixing of mantle and crustal components. 

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Production from the deposits at the Troy Mine and lesser production from the Snowstorm Mine has yielded 222,237 tons Cu and 1,657.4 tons Ag. Estimates of undeveloped resources, mostly from the world-class Rock Creek-Montanore deposits, as well as lesser amounts at the Troy Mine, total more than 2.9 million tons Cu and 2,600 tons Ag in 406 million tons of ore.The Rock Creek-Montanore and Troy deposits, which are currently the most significant undeveloped resources identified in the copper belt, are also among the largest stratabound copper-silver deposits in North America and contain about 15 percent of the copper in such deposits in North America. Worldwide, stratabound copper-silver deposits contain 23 percent of all copper resources and are the second-most important global source of the metal after porphyry copper deposits.The Revett Formation, which consists of subequal amounts of argillite, siltite, and quartzite, is informally divided into lower, middle, and upper members on the basis of the proportions of the dominant rock types. The unit thickness increases from north to south, from 1,700 ft near the Troy Mine, 55 mi north of Wallace, Idaho, to more than 5,300 ft at Wallace, Idaho, in the Coeur d'Alene Trough south of the Osburn Fault, a major right-lateral strike-slip fault.Mineral deposits in the Revett Formation occur mostly in the A-D beds of the lower member and in the middle quartzite of the upper member. The deposits are concentrated along a preore pyrite/hematite interface in relatively coarse grained, thick quartzite beds that acted as paleoaquifers for ore fluids. The deposits are characterized by mineral zones (alteration-mineral assemblages) that are a useful guide to the locations of mineral deposits. In particular, the gradational zone between the chalcopyrite-ankerite and pyrite-calcite zones is the site of most mineral deposits. Detailed information on the geology and mineral deposits of the Revett Formation is presented in the accompanying files that include (1) a tab-delimited text file providing details of the geologic and mineral-resource data for 57 Revett-subtype stratabound copper-silver deposits, occurrences, and prospects; (2) the stratigraphic records of 40 diamond-drill cores and 86 measured sections, totaling 150,752 ft of true thickness, which are provided in Excel spreadsheet and Adobe Portable Document Format files; and (3) spatial geologic data consisting of geologic maps of the Revett Formation, the subsurface locations of resources in Revett-subtype stratabound copper-silver deposits based on diamond-drill-core data, and the locations of diamond-drill holes and measured sections. The spatial data are contained in Arc/Info interchange files. Spatial information derived from these data includes the locations of mineral zones, a digital database showing untested exploration areas, and a digital database of permissive tracts for undiscovered mineral deposits.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055231","usgsCitation":"Boleneus, D.E., Appelgate, L.M., Stewart, J.H., Zientek, M.L., Carlson, M.H., and Chase, D.W., 2005, Stratabound copper-silver deposits of the Mesoproterozoic Revett Formation, Montana and Idaho, with a section on databases and spatial-data files for the geology and mineral deposits of the Revett Formation (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5231, Report: vi, 60 p.; 3 Plates: 35 x 44 inches; Metadata; Spatial Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055231.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 60 p.; 3 Plates: 35 x 44 inches; Metadata; Spatial Data","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":659,"text":"Western Mineral Resources Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":7695,"rank":4,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5231/sir2005-5231_data.zip"},{"id":421141,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76417.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":7694,"rank":6,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5231/sir2005-5231_metadata","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":7693,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5231/sir2005-5231_spreadsheets.zip"},{"id":7691,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5231/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":7696,"rank":7,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5231/version_history.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":7692,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5231/sir2005-5231_logbook.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":190967,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Mesoproterozoic Revett Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.5,\n 48.5\n ],\n [\n -116.5,\n 47.25\n ],\n [\n -114.5,\n 47.25\n ],\n [\n -114.5,\n 48.5\n ],\n [\n -116.5,\n 48.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1391","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boleneus, David E.","contributorId":87167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boleneus","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Appelgate, Larry M.","contributorId":50945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Appelgate","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, John H.","contributorId":83086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zientek, Michael L. 0000-0002-8522-9626 mzientek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-9626","contributorId":2420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zientek","given":"Michael","email":"mzientek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carlson, Mary H.","contributorId":58723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":884145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chase, D. W.","contributorId":67356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":884146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":74573,"text":"sir20055020 - 2005 - Center for Mineral Resources: U.S. Geological Survey-University of Arizona, Department of Geosciences Porphyry Copper Deposit Life Cycles Field Conference, southeastern Arizona, May 21-22, 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T18:19:40.745226","indexId":"sir20055020","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5020","title":"Center for Mineral Resources: U.S. Geological Survey-University of Arizona, Department of Geosciences Porphyry Copper Deposit Life Cycles Field Conference, southeastern Arizona, May 21-22, 2002","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055020","usgsCitation":"Barton, M., Brown, J., Haxel, G., Hayes, T., Jensen, E., Johnson, D., Kamilli, R., Long, K., Maher, D., and Seedorff, E., 2005, Center for Mineral Resources: U.S. Geological Survey-University of Arizona, Department of Geosciences Porphyry Copper Deposit Life Cycles Field Conference, southeastern Arizona, May 21-22, 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5020, vi, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055020.","productDescription":"vi, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"50","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192999,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415445,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74652.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":7582,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5020/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.125,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n -111.125,\n 32.875\n ],\n [\n -110.625,\n 32.875\n ],\n [\n -110.625,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n -111.125,\n 33.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6f13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barton, Mark","contributorId":28488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, James","contributorId":74251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haxel, Gordon","contributorId":12450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haxel","given":"Gordon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, Timothy","contributorId":91751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jensen, Eric","contributorId":103150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, David","contributorId":43629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kamilli, Robert","contributorId":102748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamilli","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Long, Keith","contributorId":14259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Maher, David","contributorId":18232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maher","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Seedorff, Eric","contributorId":7571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seedorff","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":74423,"text":"ofr20051388 - 2005 - Water-quality data from ground- and surface-water sites near concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) and non-CAFOs in the Shenandoah Valley and eastern shore of Virginia, January-February, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T14:53:40","indexId":"ofr20051388","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1388","title":"Water-quality data from ground- and surface-water sites near concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) and non-CAFOs in the Shenandoah Valley and eastern shore of Virginia, January-February, 2004","docAbstract":"

Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) result from the consolidation of small farms with animals into larger operations, leading to a higher density of animals per unit of land on CAFOs than on small farms. The density of animals and subsequent concentration of animal wastes potentially can cause contamination of nearby ground and surface waters. This report summarizes water-quality data collected from agricultural sites in the Shenandoah Valley and Eastern Shore of Virginia. Five sites, three non-CAFO and two dairy-operation CAFO sites, were sampled in the Shenandoah Valley. Four sites, one non-CAFO and three poultry-operation CAFO sites were sampled on the Eastern Shore. All samples were collected during January and February 2004. Water samples were analyzed for the following parameters and constituents: temperature, specific conductance, pH, and dissolved oxygen; concentrations of the indicator organisms Escherichia coli (E. coli) and enterococci; bacterial isolates of E. coli, enterococci, Salmonella spp., and Campylobacter spp.; sensitivity to antibiotics of E. coli, enterococci, and Salmonella spp.; arsenic, cadmium, chromium3+, copper, nickel, and mercury; hardness, biological oxygen demand, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, ortho-phosphate, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, and dissolved organic carbon; and 45 dissolved organic compounds, which included a suite of antibiotic compounds.

Data are presented in tables 5-21 and results of analyses of replicate samples are presented in tables 22-28. A summary of the data in tables 5-8 and 18-21 is included in the report.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Richmond, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051388","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Virginia Department of Health","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.C., Monti, M.M., and Ettinger, M.R., 2005, Water-quality data from ground- and surface-water sites near concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) and non-CAFOs in the Shenandoah Valley and eastern shore of Virginia, January-February, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1388, v, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051388.","productDescription":"v, 78 p.","numberOfPages":"84","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7567,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1388/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":333048,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1388/OFR05_1388.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.28857421875,\n 39.470125122358176\n ],\n [\n -77.7392578125,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -79.12353515625,\n 37.579412513438385\n ],\n [\n -79.7607421875,\n 38.35888785866677\n ],\n [\n -79.6453857421875,\n 38.591113776147445\n ],\n [\n -79.42291259765625,\n 38.438530965643004\n ],\n [\n -79.24163818359375,\n 38.45573955865588\n ],\n [\n -78.99169921875,\n 38.839707613545144\n ],\n [\n -78.88458251953125,\n 38.773357720269075\n ],\n [\n -78.57696533203125,\n 39.01704974180402\n ],\n [\n -78.42864990234375,\n 39.138581990583525\n ],\n [\n -78.3599853515625,\n 39.40012200014591\n ],\n [\n -78.28857421875,\n 39.470125122358176\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688ca4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monti, Michele M.","contributorId":39473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monti","given":"Michele","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ettinger, Matthew R.","contributorId":99239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ettinger","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72829,"text":"sir20055011 - 2005 - Stream-sediment geochemistry in mining-impacted streams: Sediment mobilized by floods in the Coeur D'Alene-Spokane River system, Idaho and Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-03T19:22:29.943434","indexId":"sir20055011","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5011","title":"Stream-sediment geochemistry in mining-impacted streams: Sediment mobilized by floods in the Coeur D'Alene-Spokane River system, Idaho and Washington","docAbstract":"Environmental problems associated with the dispersion of metal-enriched sediment into the Coeur d'Alene-Spokane River system downstream from the Coeur d'Alene Mining District in northern Idaho have been a cause of litigation since 1903, 18 years after the initiation of mining for lead, zinc, and silver. Although direct dumping of waste materials into the river by active mining operations stopped in 1968, metal-enriched sediment continues to be mobilized during times of high runoff and deposited on valley flood plains and in Coeur d'Alene Lake (Horowitz and others, 1993). To gauge the geographic and temporal variations in the metal contents of flood sediment and to provide constraints on the sources and processes responsible for those variations, we collected samples of suspended sediment and overbank deposits during and after four high-flow events in 1995, 1996, and 1997 in the Coeur d'Alene-Spokane River system with estimated recurrence intervals ranging from 2 to 100 years. Suspended sediment enriched in lead, zinc, silver, antimony, arsenic, cadmium, and copper was detected over a distance of more than 130 mi (the downstream extent of sampling) downstream of the mining district. Strong correlations of all these elements in suspended sediment with each other and with iron and manganese are apparent when samples are grouped by reach (tributaries to the South Fork of the Coeur d'Alene River, the South Fork of the Coeur d'Alene River, the main stem of the Coeur d'Alene River, and the Spokane River). Elemental correlations with iron and manganese, along with observations by scanning electron microscopy, indicate that most of the trace metals are associated with Fe and Mn oxyhydroxide compounds. Changes in elemental correlations by reach suggest that the sources of metal-enriched sediment change along the length of the drainage. Metal contents of suspended sediment generally increase through the mining district along the South Fork of the Coeur d'Alene River, decrease below the confluence of the North and South Forks, and then increase again downstream of the gradient flattening below Cataldo. Metal contents of suspended sediment in the Spokane River below Coeur d'Alene Lake were comparable to those of suspended sediment in the main stem of the Coeur d'Alene River above the lake during the 1997 spring runoff, but with somewhat higher Zn contents. Daily suspended-sediment loads were about 100 times larger in the 1996 flood (50-100-year recurrence interval) than in the smaller 1997 floods (2-5-year recurrence intervals). Significant differences in metal ratios and contents are also apparent between the two flood types. The predominant source of suspended sediment in the larger 1996 flood was previously deposited, metal-enriched flood-plain sediment, identified by its Zn/Pb ratio less than 1. Suspended sediment in the smaller 1997 floods had metal ratios distinct from those of the flood-plain deposits and was primarily derived from metal-enriched sediment stored within the stream channel, identified by a Zn/Pb ratio greater than 1. Sediment deposited during overbank flooding on the immediate streambank or natural levee of the river typically consists of sandy material with metal ratios and contents similar to those of the sandy streambed sediment in the adjacent river reach. Samples of overbank deposits in backlevee marshes collected after the 1996 flood have metal ratios similar to those of peak-flow suspended sediment in the same river reach, but generally lower metal contents.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055011","usgsCitation":"Box, S.E., Bookstrom, A.A., and Ikramuddin, M., 2005, Stream-sediment geochemistry in mining-impacted streams: Sediment mobilized by floods in the Coeur D'Alene-Spokane River system, Idaho and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5011, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055011.","productDescription":"57 p.","numberOfPages":"57","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191778,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7465,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5011/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":392451,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74453.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Coeur D'Alene-Spokane River system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.4,\n 47.45\n ],\n [\n -115.686,\n 47.45\n ],\n [\n -115.686,\n 47.75\n ],\n [\n -117.4,\n 47.75\n ],\n [\n -117.4,\n 47.45\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a5028","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Box, Stephen E. 0000-0002-5268-8375 sbox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-8375","contributorId":1843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Box","given":"Stephen","email":"sbox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bookstrom, Arthur A. 0000-0003-1336-3364 abookstrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1336-3364","contributorId":1542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bookstrom","given":"Arthur","email":"abookstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ikramuddin, Mohammed","contributorId":46115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikramuddin","given":"Mohammed","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72814,"text":"gip17 - 2005 - The life cycle of a mineral deposit: a teacher's guide for hands-on mineral education activities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-05T11:21:43","indexId":"gip17","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"17","title":"The life cycle of a mineral deposit: a teacher's guide for hands-on mineral education activities","docAbstract":"This teacher's guide defines what a mineral deposit is and how a mineral deposit is identified and measured, how the mineral resources are extracted, and how the mining site is reclaimed; how minerals and mineral resources are processed; and how we use mineral resources in our every day lives. Included are 10 activitybased learning exercises that educate students on basic geologic concepts; the processes of finding, identifying, and extracting the resources from a mineral deposit; and the uses of minerals. The guide is intended for K through 12 Earth science teachers and students and is designed to meet the National Science Content Standards as defined by the National Research Council (1996). To assist in the understanding of some of the geology and mineral terms, see the Glossary (appendix 1) and Minerals and Their Uses (appendix 2).\n\nThe process of finding or exploring for a mineral deposit, extracting or mining the resource, recovering the resource, also known as beneficiation, and reclaiming the land mined can be described as the “life cycle” of a mineral deposit. The complete process is time consuming and expensive, requiring the use of modern technology and equipment, and may take many years to complete. Sometimes one entity or company completes the entire process from discovery to reclamation, but often it requires multiple groups with specialized experience working together.\n\nMineral deposits are the source of many important commodities, such as copper and gold, used by our society, but it is important to realize that mineral deposits are a nonrenewable resource. Once mined, they are exhausted, and another source must be found. New mineral deposits are being continuously created by the Earth but may take millions of years to form. Mineral deposits differ from renewable resources, such as agricultural and timber products, which may be replenished within a few months to several years.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip17","isbn":"1411306651","collaboration":"System requirements: CD-ROM reader, Adobe Reader or other software that can translate Portable Document Format (PDF) files.","usgsCitation":"Frank, D., Galloway, J., and Assmus, K., 2005, The life cycle of a mineral deposit: a teacher's guide for hands-on mineral education activities: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 17, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip17.","productDescription":"34 p.","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_17.jpg"},{"id":7411,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/2005/17/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282012,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/2005/17/gip-17.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdb69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frank, Dave","contributorId":74831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"Dave","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, John","contributorId":47038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Assmus, Ken","contributorId":87232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assmus","given":"Ken","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70205863,"text":"70205863 - 2005 - Assessing acid deposition: Advances in the state of science","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70205863,"text":"70205863 - 2005 - Assessing acid deposition: Advances in the state of science","indexId":"70205863","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"chapter":"3","title":"Assessing acid deposition: Advances in the state of science"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70205865,"text":"70205865 - 2005 - National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program Report to Congress: An integrated assessment","indexId":"70205865","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program Report to Congress: An integrated assessment"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70205865,"text":"70205865 - 2005 - National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program Report to Congress: An integrated assessment","indexId":"70205865","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program Report to Congress: An integrated assessment"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-08T16:48:16","indexId":"70205863","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-31T15:43:34","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"chapter":"3","title":"Assessing acid deposition: Advances in the state of science","docAbstract":"

NAPAP has a long history of conducting research related to acid deposition. Throughout the 1980s NAPAP supported a large number of research projects that confirmed the link between SO2 and NOx emissions and acidic lakes and streams hundreds of miles away. Recent research is confirming the tight link between emissions of SO2 and the amount of several different forms of sulfur in the atmosphere and in precipitation, and improving our ability to measure acid deposition. Research has continued since 1990, albeit on a smaller scale, to increase our understanding of how acid deposition affects trees, soils, lakes, streams, coastal waters, and building materials such as stone and copper. Some of the areas where the most research has been done include: the importance of calcium in mediating soil and forest response to acidification; the role of nitrogen in acidification and recovery from acidification; and the role of nitrogen deposition in coastal ecosystems. In addition, substantial advances have been made in understanding the human health impacts of fine particles, including sulfates and nitrates, which are briefly mentioned here.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) Report to Congress: An Integrated Assessment, National Council National Science and Technology Council-Committee on Environment and Natural Resources NSTC-CENR","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"NOAA","usgsCitation":"Bloomer, B., Cook, R., Eagar, C., Fenn, M., Haeuber, R., Huntington, T.G., McLaughlin, S., Murdoch, P.S., Saltman, T., Schmeltz, D., Streigel, M., and Trettin, C., 2005, Assessing acid deposition: Advances in the state of science, chap. 3 of National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) Report to Congress: An Integrated Assessment, National Council National Science and Technology Council-Committee on Environment and Natural Resources NSTC-CENR, p. 44-56.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"44","endPage":"56","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368127,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":368126,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/aqrsd/reports/napapreport05.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bloomer, B.","contributorId":219614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bloomer","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cook, R.","contributorId":44649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eagar, C.","contributorId":219608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eagar","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fenn, M.","contributorId":219609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fenn","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haeuber, R.","contributorId":52528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeuber","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":117440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McLaughlin, S.","contributorId":89758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S. 0000-0001-9243-505X pmurdoch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9243-505X","contributorId":2453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter","email":"pmurdoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Saltman, T.","contributorId":207562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saltman","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Schmeltz, D.","contributorId":14662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmeltz","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Streigel, M.","contributorId":219612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Streigel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Trettin, C.","contributorId":18162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trettin","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":72669,"text":"sir20055151 - 2005 - Mass loading of selected major and trace elements in Lake Fork Creek near Leadville, Colorado, September-October 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-03T20:05:54","indexId":"sir20055151","displayToPublicDate":"2005-11-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5151","title":"Mass loading of selected major and trace elements in Lake Fork Creek near Leadville, Colorado, September-October 2001","docAbstract":"A mass-loading study of Lake Fork Creek of the Arkansas River between Sugarloaf Dam and the mouth was completed in September-October 2001 to help ascertain the following: (1) variation of pH and aqueous constituent concentrations (calcium, sulfate, alkalinity, aluminum, cadmium, copper, iron, manganese, lead, and zinc) and their relation to toxicity standards along the study reach; (2) location and magnitude of sources of metal loading to Lake Fork Creek; (3) amount and locations of metal attenuation; (4) the effect of streamside wetlands on metal transport from contributing mine tunnels; and (5) the effect of organic-rich inflow from the Leadville National Fish Hatchery on water quality in Lake Fork Creek. The study was done in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. \r\n\r\nConstituent concentrations and pH showed variable patterns over the study reach. Hardness-based acute and chronic toxicity standards were exceeded for some inflows and some constituents. However, stream concentrations did not exceed standards except for zinc starting in the upper parts of the study reach and extending to just downstream from the inflow from the Leadville National Fish Hatchery. Dilution from that inflow lowered stream zinc concentrations to less than acute and chronic toxicity standards. The uppermost 800 meters of the study reach that contained inflow from the Bartlett, Dinero, and Nelson mine tunnels and the Dinero wetland was the greatest source of loading for manganese and zinc. A middle section of the study reach that extended approximately 2 kilometers upstream from the National Fish Hatchery inflow to just downstream from that inflow was the largest source of aluminum, copper, iron, and lead loading. The loading was partially from the National Fish Hatchery inflow but also from unknown sources upstream from that inflow, possibly ground water. The largest sources for calcium and sulfate load to the stream were the parts of the study reach containing inflow from the tribu-taries Halfmoon Creek (calcium) and Willow Creek (sulfate). \r\n\r\nThe Arkansas River and its tributaries upstream from Lake Fork Creek were the source of most of the calcium (70 percent), sulfate (82 percent), manganese (77 percent), lead (78 percent), and zinc (95 percent) loads in the Arkansas River downstream from the Lake Fork confluence. In contrast, Lake Fork Creek was the major source of aluminum (68 percent), copper (65 percent), and iron (87 percent) loads to the Arkansas River downstream from the confluence. \r\n\r\nAttenuation was not important for calcium, sulfate, or iron. However, other metals loads were reduced up to 81 percent over the study reach (aluminum, 25 percent; copper, 20 percent; manganese, 81 percent; lead, 30 percent; zinc, 72 percent). Metal attenuation in the stream occurred primarily in three locations (1) the irrigation diversion ditch; (2) the beaver pond complex extending from upstream from the Colorado Gulch inflow to just downstream from that inflow; and (3) the stream reach that included the inflow from Willow Creek. The most likely attenuation mechanism is precipitation of metal oxides and hydroxides (primarily manganese), and sorption or coprecipitation of trace elements with the precipitating phase. \r\n\r\nA mass-balance calculation indicated that the wetland between the Dinero Tunnel and Lake Fork Creek removed iron, had little effect on zinc mass load, and was a source for, or was releasing, aluminum and manganese. In contrast, the wetland that occurred between the Siwatch Tunnel and Lake Fork Creek removed aluminum, iron, manganese, and zinc from the tunnel drainage before it entered the creek. \r\n\r\nInflow from the National Fish Hatchery increased dissolved organic carbon concentrations in Lake Fork Creek and slightly changed the composition of the dissolved organic carbon. However, dissolved organic carbon loads increased in the stream reach downs","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055151","usgsCitation":"Walton-Day, K., Flynn, J.L., Kimball, B.A., and Runkel, R.L., 2005, Mass loading of selected major and trace elements in Lake Fork Creek near Leadville, Colorado, September-October 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5151, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055151.","productDescription":"52 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7071,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5151/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Leadville","otherGeospatial":"Lake Fork Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.468899,39.229855 ], [ -106.468899,39.439316 ], [ -106.020717,39.439316 ], [ -106.020717,39.229855 ], [ -106.468899,39.229855 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605a7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":68339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flynn, Jennifer L.","contributorId":66298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":72666,"text":"sir20055221 - 2005 - Baseline water-quality characteristics of the Alaska Army National Guard Stewart River Training Area near Nome, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T15:26:49","indexId":"sir20055221","displayToPublicDate":"2005-11-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5221","title":"Baseline water-quality characteristics of the Alaska Army National Guard Stewart River Training Area near Nome, Alaska","docAbstract":"

The Alaska Army National Guard Stewart River Training Area is approximately 23 miles north of Nome on the Seward Peninsula in northwest Alaska. The Stewart River Training Area encompasses much of the Stewart River Basin and a small part of the Snake River Basin. Hydrologic, water-quality, and physical-habitat data were collected at seven surface-water sites within the Stewart River Training Area during the summer runoff months (late-May to early-September) in 2004. Two of the sampling sites selected for this study were on the main stem Stewart River, one at the upstream boundary and one at the downstream boundary of the training area. Continuous hydrologic, precipitation, and water temperature data were collected at these two sites throughout the summer of 2004. Three pond sites, along the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Stewart River within the training area, were each sampled twice during the summer of 2004 for analysis of water-quality constituents. Two tributaries to the Snake River Basin, Goldbottom Creek and North Fork Snake River, within the Stewart River Training Area boundary, also were sampled twice during the summer of 2004. Water-quality data collected from the Stewart River at the upstream and downstream study sites indicate similar constituent concentrations. Concentrations of most water-quality constituents collected during the summer of 2004 did not exceed standards for drinking water or recreational contact. Analysis of trace-element concentrations in bed sediment samples indicate the threshold effect concentration (below which no adverse effects on organisms is expected) was exceeded for arsenic, chromium, and nickel concentrations at all sample sites within the Stewart River Training Area and cadmium, copper, zinc, and lead concentrations were found to exceed the threshold effect concentration in varying degrees at the sample sites. The probable effect concentration (above which toxic effects on organisms is likely) was exceeded by arsenic concentrations at all sites except the lower pond site. Chromium and nickel concentrations exceeded the probable effect concentration at the upstream Stewart River site and at the North Fork Snake River site.

","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/sir20055221","issn":"2328-031X","usgsCitation":"Eash, J.D., 2005, Baseline water-quality characteristics of the Alaska Army National Guard Stewart River Training Area near Nome, Alaska (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5221, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055221.","productDescription":"54 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7070,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5221/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db68774f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eash, Josh D.","contributorId":100933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eash","given":"Josh","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":72318,"text":"sir20055086 - 2005 - Geochemical assessment of metals and dioxin in sediment from the San Carlos Reservoir and the Gila, San Carlos, and San Francisco Rivers, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:58","indexId":"sir20055086","displayToPublicDate":"2005-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5086","title":"Geochemical assessment of metals and dioxin in sediment from the San Carlos Reservoir and the Gila, San Carlos, and San Francisco Rivers, Arizona","docAbstract":"In October 2004, we sampled stream-bed sediment, terrace sediment, and sediment from the San Carlos Reservoir to determine the spatial and chronological variation of six potentially toxic metals-Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As, and Hg. Water levels in the San Carlos Reservoir were at a 20-year low at an elevation of 2,409 ft (734.3 m). Four cores were taken from the reservoir: one from the San Carlos River arm, one from the Gila River arm, and two from the San Carlos Reservoir just west of the Pinal County line. Radioisotope chronometry (7Be, 137Cs, and 210Pb) conducted on sediment from the reservoir cores provides a good chronological record back to 1959. Chronology prior to that, during the 1950s, is based on our interpretation of the 137Cs anomaly in reservoir cores. During and prior to the 1950s, the reservoir was dry and sediment-accumulation rates were irregular; age control based on radioisotope data was not possible. We recovered sediment at the base of one 4-m-long core that may date back to the late 1930s. The sedimentological record contains two discrete events, one about 1978-83 and one about 1957, where the Cu concentration in reservoir sediment exceeded recommended sediment quality guidelines and should have had an effect on sensitive aquatic and benthic organisms. Concentrations of Zn determined in sediment deposited during the 1957(?) event also exceeded recommended sediment quality guidelines. Concentration data for Cu from the four cores clearly indicate that the source of this material was upstream on the Gila River.\r\n\r\nLead isotope data, coupled with the geochemical data from a 2M HCl-1 percent H2O2 leach of selected sediment samples, show two discrete populations of data. One represents the dominant sediment load derived from the Safford Valley, and a second reflects sediment derived from the San Francisco River. The Cu concentration spikes in the reservoir cores have chemical and Pb isotope signatures that indicate that deposits in a porphyry copper deposit from the Morenci district is the likely source of these Cu-rich sedimentary deposits. Copper concentrations and Pb isotope data in premining terrace-sediment deposits indicate that the Cu peaks could not have resulted from erosion of premining sediment from terrace deposits downstream on the Gila River. The chemical and Pb isotope data also indicate that agricultural practices in the Safford Valley have resulted in an increased sediment load to the Gila River since large-scale farming began, prior to the time when the San Carlos Reservoir was built.\r\n\r\nAnalyses of dioxin, which is an impurity in one of the herbicides used in the late 1960s and early 1970s, were completed in sediment from one of the cores in the reservoir to determine whether any of these pesticide residues have accumulated in the reservoir sediment. Dioxin concentration is expressed in terms of its toxicity (toxic equivalent concentration or TEQ). Concentrations of dioxin in the sediment ranged from 0.68 to 1.37 pg/g and are less than any of the benchmark concentrations recommended as threshold values for adverse effects of dioxin in sediment (> 2.5-10 pg/g).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055086","usgsCitation":"Church, S.E., Choate, L.M., Marot, M.E., Fey, D.L., Adams, M., Briggs, P.H., and Brown, Z.A., 2005, Geochemical assessment of metals and dioxin in sediment from the San Carlos Reservoir and the Gila, San Carlos, and San Francisco Rivers, Arizona (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5086, vi, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055086.","productDescription":"vi, 61 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7217,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5086/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae232","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Church, Stan E. schurch@usgs.gov","contributorId":803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Stan","email":"schurch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Choate, LaDonna M. 0000-0002-0229-7210 lchoate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0229-7210","contributorId":1176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choate","given":"LaDonna","email":"lchoate@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marot, Marci E. 0000-0003-0504-315X mmarot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0504-315X","contributorId":2078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marot","given":"Marci","email":"mmarot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adams, Monique madams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Monique","email":"madams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Briggs, Paul H.","contributorId":30973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brown, Zoe Ann","contributorId":95530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Zoe","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":72321,"text":"sir20055131 - 2005 - Sediment studies in the Assabet River, central Massachusetts, 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:55","indexId":"sir20055131","displayToPublicDate":"2005-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5131","title":"Sediment studies in the Assabet River, central Massachusetts, 2003","docAbstract":"From its headwaters in Westborough, Massachusetts, to its confluence with the Sudbury River, the 53-kilometer-long Assabet River passes through a series of small towns and mixed land-use areas. Along the way, wastewater-treatment plants release nutrient-rich effluents that contribute to the eutrophic state of this waterway. This condition is most obvious where the river is impounded by a series of dams that have sequestered large amounts of sediment and support rooted and floating macrophytes and epiphytic algae. The water in parts of these impoundments may also have low concentrations of dissolved oxygen, another symptom of eutrophication.\r\n\r\nAll of the impoundments had relatively shallow maximum water depths, which ranged from approximately 2.4 to 3.4 meters, and all had extensive shallow areas. Sediment volumes estimated for the six impoundments ranged from approximately 380 cubic meters in the Aluminum City impoundment to 580,000 cubic meters in the Ben Smith impoundment. The other impoundments had sediment volumes of 120,000 cubic meters (Powdermill), 67,000 cubic meters (Gleasondale), 55,000 cubic meters (Hudson), and 42,000 cubic meters (Allen Street).\r\n\r\nThe principal objective of this study was the determination of sediment volume, extent, and chemistry, in particular, the characterization of toxic inorganic and organic chemicals in the sediments. To determine the bulk-sediment chemical-constituent concentrations, more than one hundred sediment cores were collected in pairs from the six impoundments. One core from each pair was sampled for inorganic constituents and the other for organic constituents. Most of the cores analyzed for inorganics were sectioned to provide information on the vertical distribution of analytes; a subset of the cores analyzed for organics was also sectioned. Approximately 200 samples were analyzed for inorganic constituents and 100 for organics; more than 10 percent were quality-control replicate or blank samples.\r\n\r\nMaximum bulk-sediment phosphorus concentrations in surface samples from the impoundments increased along a downstream gradient, with the exception of samples from the last impoundment, where the concentrations decreased. In addition, the highest phosphorus concentrations were generally in the surface samples; this finding may prove helpful if surface dredging is selected as a means to control phosphorus release from sediments. There is no known relation, however, between bulk-sediment concentration of phosphorus and the concentrations of phosphorus available to biota.\r\n\r\nPotentially toxic metals, including arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc were frequently measured at concentrations that exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sediment-quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life and that occasionally exceeded Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection guidelines governing landfill disposal (reuse). Due to the effects of matrix interference and sample dilution on laboratory analyses, neither pesticides nor volatile organic compounds were detected at any sites. However, samples collected in other studies from nearby streams indicated the possibility that pesticides might have been detected in the impoundments if not for these analytical problems. Although polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations, as individual Aroclors, generally exceeded published U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guideline concentrations for potential effects on aquatic life, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guideline concentrations for human contact or the Massachusetts guidelines for landfill reuse were rarely exceeded. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, both individually and total, frequently were greater than guideline concentrations. Concentrations of total extractable petroleum hydrocarbons did not exceed Massachusetts guideline concentrations in any samples.\r\n\r\nWhen the sediment analytes from surface samples are considered togethe","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055131","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, M.J., and Sorenson, J.R., 2005, Sediment studies in the Assabet River, central Massachusetts, 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5131, vi, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055131.","productDescription":"vi, 90 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7274,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5131/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbf52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, Marc J. mzimmerm@usgs.gov","contributorId":3245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Marc","email":"mzimmerm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorenson, Jason R. 0000-0001-5553-8594 jsorenso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5553-8594","contributorId":3468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorenson","given":"Jason","email":"jsorenso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}