{"pageNumber":"30","pageRowStart":"725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":6232,"records":[{"id":70193917,"text":"sir20175139 - 2018 - Collection methods and quality assessment for Escherichia coli, water quality, and microbial source tracking data within Tumacácori National Historical Park and the upper Santa Cruz River, Arizona, 2015-16","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-23T08:55:22","indexId":"sir20175139","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5139","title":"Collection methods and quality assessment for Escherichia coli, water quality, and microbial source tracking data within Tumacácori National Historical Park and the upper Santa Cruz River, Arizona, 2015-16","docAbstract":"
Tumacácori National Historical Park protects the culturally important Mission, San José de Tumacácori, while also managing a portion of the ecologically diverse riparian corridor of the Santa Cruz River. This report describes the methods and quality assurance procedures used in the collection of water samples for the analysis of Escherichia coli (E. coli), microbial source tracking markers, suspended sediment, water-quality parameters, turbidity, and the data collection for discharge and stage; the process for data review and approval is also described. Finally, this report provides a quantitative assessment of the quality of the E. coli, microbial source tracking, and suspended sediment data.

The data-quality assessment revealed that bias attributed to field and laboratory contamination was minimal, with E. coli detections in only 3 out of 33 field blank samples analyzed. Concentrations in the field blanks were several orders of magnitude lower than environmental concentrations. The microbial source tracking (MST) field blank was below the detection limit for all MST markers analyzed. Laboratory blanks for E. coli at the USGS Arizona Water Science Center and laboratory blanks for MST markers at the USGS Ohio Water Microbiology Laboratory were all below the detection limit. Irreplicate data for E. coli and suspended sediment indicated that bias was not introduced to the data by combining samples collected using discrete sampling methods with samples collected using automatic sampling methods.

The split and sequential E. coli replicate data showed consistent analytical variability and a single equation was developed to explain the variability of E. coli concentrations. An additional analysis of analytical variability for E. coli indicated analytical variability around 18 percent relative standard deviation and no trend was observed in the concentration during the processing and analysis of multiple split-replicates. Two replicate samples were collected for MST and individual markers were compared for a base flow and flood sample. For the markers found in common between the two types of samples, the relative standard deviation for the base flow sample was more than 3 times greater than the markers in the flood sample. Sequential suspended sediment replicates had a relative standard deviation of about 1.3 percent, indicating that environmental and analytical variability was minimal.

A holding time review and laboratory study analysis supported the extended holding times required for this investigation. Most concentrations for flood and base-flow samples were within the theoretical variability specified in the most probable number approach suggesting that extended hold times did not overly influence the final concentrations reported.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175139","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service, Tumacácori National Historical Park","usgsCitation":"Paretti, N.V., Coes, A.L., Kephart, C.M., and Mayo, J.P., 2018, Collection methods and quality assessment for Escherichia coli, water quality, and microbial source tracking data within Tumacácori National Historical Park and the upper Santa Cruz River, Arizona, 2015-16: U.S. Geological Survey, Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5139, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175139.","productDescription":"viii, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-090526","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352219,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5139/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":352220,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5139/sir20175139_.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5139"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Upper Santa Cruz River, Tumacácori National Historical Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.1,\n 31.25\n ],\n [\n -110.75,\n 31.25\n ],\n [\n -110.75,\n 31.67\n ],\n [\n -111.1,\n 31.67\n ],\n [\n -111.1,\n 31.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director,
Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85719

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2018-03-05","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee70de4b0da30c1bfc086","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paretti, Nicholas V. 0000-0003-2178-4820 nparetti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2178-4820","contributorId":173412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paretti","given":"Nicholas","email":"nparetti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coes, Alissa L. 0000-0001-6682-5417 alcoes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6682-5417","contributorId":4231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coes","given":"Alissa","email":"alcoes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kephart, Christopher M. 0000-0002-3369-5596 ckephart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3369-5596","contributorId":1932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kephart","given":"Christopher","email":"ckephart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mayo, Justine P. 0000-0002-2684-5031 jmayo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2684-5031","contributorId":197035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayo","given":"Justine","email":"jmayo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159602,"text":"sir20155164 - 2018 - Volcanic aquifers of Hawai‘i—Hydrogeology, water budgets, and conceptual models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-08T16:40:09.114831","indexId":"sir20155164","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5164","displayTitle":"Volcanic Aquifers of Hawai‘i—Hydrogeology, Water budgets, and Conceptual Models","title":"Volcanic aquifers of Hawai‘i—Hydrogeology, water budgets, and conceptual models","docAbstract":"

Hawai‘i’s aquifers have limited capacity to store fresh groundwater because each island is small and surrounded by saltwater. Saltwater also underlies much of the fresh groundwater. Fresh groundwater resources are, therefore, particularly vulnerable to human activity, short-term climate cycles, and long-term climate change. Availability of fresh groundwater for human use is constrained by the degree to which the impacts of withdrawal—such as lowering of the water table, saltwater intrusion, and reduction in the natural discharge to springs, streams, wetlands, and submarine seeps—are deemed acceptable. This report describes the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater budgets (inflows and outflows), conceptual models of groundwater occurrence and movement, and the factors limiting groundwater availability for the largest and most populated of the Hawaiian Islands—Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Maui, and Hawai‘i Island.

The bulk of each of Hawai‘i’s islands is built of many thin lava flows erupted from shield volcanoes; the great piles of lava flows form highly permeable aquifers. In some areas, low-permeability dikes cutting across the lava flows, or low-permeability ash and soil horizons interlayered with the lava flows, can substantially alter groundwater flow. On some islands, sedimentary rocks form thick semiconfining coastal-plain deposits, locally known as caprock, that impede natural groundwater discharge to the ocean. In some regions, thick lava flows that ponded in preexisting depressions form aquifers that are much less permeable than aquifers formed by thin lava flows.

Fresh groundwater inflow to Hawai‘i’s aquifers comes from recharge. For predevelopment conditions (1870), estimates of groundwater recharge from this study are 871, 675, 1,279, and 5,291 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) for Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Maui, and Hawai‘i Island, respectively. Estimates of recharge for recent conditions (2010 land cover and 1978–2007 rainfall for Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, and Maui; 2008 land cover and 1916–1983 rainfall for Hawai‘i Island) are 875, 660, 1,308, and 6,595 Mgal/d for Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Maui, and Hawai‘i Island, respectively. Recent recharge values differ from predevelopment recharge values by only a few percent for all islands except Hawai‘i Island, where changes in forest cover affected recharge. Spatial distribution of recharge mimics the orographic rainfall pattern—recharge is high on windward slopes and mountain peaks below the top of the trade-wind inversion. Human activity such as irrigation also contributes to recharge in some areas.

Outflows from Hawai‘i’s aquifers include withdrawals from wells and natural groundwater discharge to springs, streams, wetlands, and submarine seeps. Under predevelopment conditions, groundwater withdrawal is assumed to be negligible and natural groundwater discharge probably was equal, or close, to recharge. Under recent conditions (2000–2010), groundwater withdrawal averaged 19, 209, 104, and 103 Mgal/d on Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Maui, and Hawai‘i Island, respectively. If recent withdrawal and recharge rates are maintained until steady state is achieved, natural groundwater discharge will be reduced by an amount equal to the withdrawal rate. Total recent withdrawal for the four islands is only about 5 percent of total recharge, but about half of the withdrawal comes from O‘ahu, whereas O‘ahu receives only 7 percent of the total recharge. Effects of high withdrawals on O‘ahu cannot be mitigated by the lower withdrawals on other islands because no freshwater flows between islands. Even within an island, high withdrawals from one area cannot be completely mitigated by recharge in another area. Water-level, saltwater/freshwater-transition-zone, spring, and stream base-flow data indicate an overall reduction in storage for most areas where groundwater has been developed.

Groundwater occurrence and movement in Hawai‘i’s volcanic aquifers can be described in terms of four conceptual models: (1) fresh groundwater lenses in high-permeability lava-flow aquifers, (2) aquifers with groundwater impounded by dikes, (3) thickly saturated low-permeability aquifers, and (4) perched aquifers. In Hawai‘i, most fresh groundwater withdrawn for human use comes from freshwater lenses in the dike-free high-permeability lava-flow aquifers where the principal limiting factor to groundwater availability is saltwater intrusion, but impacts of reduced natural groundwater discharge may also limit availability. Dike-impounded groundwater is common near the center of Hawaiian shield volcanoes, where water moves and is stored in permeable lava flows between the dikes; groundwater availability in these aquifers is primarily limited by storage depletion and reduction of flow to adjacent aquifers and natural groundwater discharge. Thickly saturated low-permeability aquifers have been identified on Kaua‘i and Maui; groundwater availability is primarily limited by streamflow depletion and water-table decline. Perched groundwater is postulated to exist in some areas of Hawai‘i, but store much less water than other modes ofgroundwater occurrence. Limits on groundwater availability in perched aquifers include the potential of reducing inflow to other groundwater settings and reducing natural discharge and stream seepage. Some groundwater bodies in Hawai‘i are enigmatic; consequences of groundwater development in these bodies and their relation to groundwater availability are not completely understood.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155164","usgsCitation":"Izuka, S.K., Engott, J.A., Rotzoll, Kolja, Bassiouni, Maoya, Johnson, A.G., Miller, L.D., and Mair, Alan, 2018, Volcanic aquifers of Hawai‘i—Hydrogeology, water budgets, and conceptual models (ver. 2.0, March 2018): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5164, 158 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155164.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 158 p.; Data Releases","numberOfPages":"172","ipdsId":"IP-058142","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351940,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F72F7KH4","linkHelpText":"Mean annual water-budget components for the Island of Oahu, Hawaii, for current conditions, 2001-10 rainfall and 2001-10 land cover (ver. 2.0)"},{"id":351939,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data 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Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20233010","text":"Fact Sheet 2023-3010","description":"Izuka, S.K., and Rotzoll, K., 2023, Availability of groundwater from the volcanic aquifers of the Hawaiian Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2023-3010, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20233010.","linkHelpText":"- Availability of Groundwater from the Volcanic Aquifers of the Hawaiian Islands"},{"id":416442,"rank":14,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1876","text":"Professional Paper 1876","description":"Izuka, S.K., and Rotzoll, K., 2023, Volcanic aquifers of Hawaiʻi—Contributions to assessing groundwater availability on Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, and Maui: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1876, 100 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1876.","linkHelpText":"- Volcanic Aquifers of Hawai‘i—Contributions to Assessing Groundwater Availability on Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, and Maui"},{"id":416443,"rank":13,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related 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\"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: June 13, 2016; Version 2.0: March 1, 2018","contact":"

Director, 
Pacific Islands Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Inouye Regional Center
1845 Wasp Blvd., B176
Honolulu, HI 96818

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-06-13","revisedDate":"2018-03-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575fcb20e4b04f417c2b2683","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izuka, Scot K. 0000-0002-8758-9414 skizuka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-9414","contributorId":2645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izuka","given":"Scot","email":"skizuka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engott, John A. 0000-0003-1889-4519 jaengott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1889-4519","contributorId":1142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engott","given":"John","email":"jaengott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rotzoll, Kolja 0000-0002-5910-888X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-888X","contributorId":201087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rotzoll","given":"Kolja","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bassiouni, Maoya 0000-0001-5795-9894 mbassiou@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5795-9894","contributorId":4639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bassiouni","given":"Maoya","email":"mbassiou@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":729256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Adam G. 0000-0003-2448-5746 ajohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2448-5746","contributorId":4752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Adam","email":"ajohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Lisa D. 0000-0002-3523-0768 ldmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-0768","contributorId":1125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Lisa","email":"ldmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mair, Alan 0000-0003-0302-6647 dmair@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0302-6647","contributorId":4975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mair","given":"Alan","email":"dmair@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70194641,"text":"tm14A2 - 2018 - THRESH—Software for tracking rainfall thresholds for landslide and debris-flow occurrence, user manual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-01T11:10:52","indexId":"tm14A2","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-28T17:45:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"14-A2","title":"THRESH—Software for tracking rainfall thresholds for landslide and debris-flow occurrence, user manual","docAbstract":"

Precipitation thresholds are used in many areas to provide early warning of precipitation-induced landslides and debris flows, and the software distribution THRESH is designed for automated tracking of precipitation, including precipitation forecasts, relative to thresholds for landslide occurrence. This software is also useful for analyzing multiyear precipitation records to compare timing of threshold exceedance with dates and times of historical landslides. This distribution includes the main program THRESH for comparing precipitation to several kinds of thresholds, two utility programs, and a small collection of Python and shell scripts to aid the automated collection and formatting of input data and the graphing and further analysis of output results. The software programs can be deployed on computing platforms that support Fortran 95, Python 2, and certain Unix commands. The software handles rainfall intensity-duration thresholds, cumulative recent-antecedent precipitation thresholds, and peak intensity thresholds as well as various measures of antecedent precipitation. Users should have predefined rainfall thresholds before running THRESH.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section A: Modeling methods in Book 14: Landslide and debris-flow assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm14A2","usgsCitation":"Baum, R.L., Fischer, S.J., and Vigil, J.C., 2018, THRESH—Software for tracking rainfall thresholds for landslide and debris-flow occurrence, user manual: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 14, chap. A2, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm14A2.","productDescription":"Report: v, 33 p.; Software release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-087132","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437999,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Q23XR0","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Thresh - Software for Tracking Rainfall Thresholds for Landslide and Debris Flow Occurrence, Code Repository"},{"id":352130,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/14/a2/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":352140,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Q23XR0","text":"Software Release","linkHelpText":"THRESH"},{"id":352131,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/14/a2/tm14a2.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.71 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TM 14-A2"}],"publicComments":"This report is Chapter 2 of Section A: Modeling methods in Book 14: Landslide and debris-flow assessment.","contact":"

Director, Geologic Hazards Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS 966
Denver, CO 80225-0046

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"publishedDate":"2018-02-28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee713e4b0da30c1bfc0e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, Sarah J.","contributorId":201201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fischer","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vigil, Jacob C.","contributorId":201202,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vigil","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70195710,"text":"ofr20181028 - 2018 - Effects of the proposed California WaterFix North Delta Diversion on flow reversals and entrainment of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) into Georgiana Slough and the Delta Cross Channel, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-28T10:43:13","indexId":"ofr20181028","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1028","displayTitle":"Effects of the proposed California WaterFix North Delta Diversion on flow reversals and entrainment of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) into Georgiana Slough and the Delta Cross Channel, northern California","title":"Effects of the proposed California WaterFix North Delta Diversion on flow reversals and entrainment of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) into Georgiana Slough and the Delta Cross Channel, northern California","docAbstract":"

The California Department of Water Resources and Bureau of Reclamation propose new water intake facilities on the Sacramento River in northern California that would convey some of the water for export to areas south of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (hereinafter referred to as the Delta) through tunnels rather than through the Delta. The collection of water intakes, tunnels, pumping facilities, associated structures, and proposed operations are collectively referred to as California WaterFix. The water intake facilities, hereinafter referred to as the North Delta Diversion (NDD), are proposed to be located on the Sacramento River downstream of the city of Sacramento and upstream of the first major river junction where Sutter Slough branches from the Sacramento River. The NDD can divert a maximum discharge of 9,000 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) from the Sacramento River, which reduces the amount of Sacramento River inflow into the Delta.

In this report, we conducted three analyses to investigate the effect of the NDD and its proposed operation on entrainment of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) into Georgiana Slough and the Delta Cross Channel (DCC). Fish that enter the interior Delta (the network of channels to the south of the Sacramento River) through Georgiana Slough and the DCC survive at lower rates than fish that use other migration routes (Sacramento River, Sutter Slough, and Steamboat Slough). Therefore, fisheries managers were concerned about the extent to which operation of the NDD would increase the proportion of the population entering the interior Delta, which, all else being equal, would lower overall survival through the Delta by increasing the fraction of the population subject to lower survival rates. Operation of the NDD would reduce flow in the Sacramento River, which has the potential to increase the magnitude and duration of reverse flows of the Sacramento River downstream of Georgiana Slough.

In the first analysis, we evaluate the effect of the NDD bypass rules on flow reversals of the Sacramento River downstream of Georgiana Slough. The NDD bypass rules are a set of operational criteria designed to minimize upstream transport of fish into Georgiana Slough and the DCC, and were developed based on previous studies showing that the magnitude and duration of flow reversals increase the proportion of fish entering Georgiana Slough and the DCC. We estimated the frequency and duration of reverse-flow conditions of the Sacramento River downstream of Georgiana Slough under each of the prescribed minimum bypass flows described in the NDD bypass rules. To accommodate adaptive levels of protection during different times of year when juvenile salmon are migrating through the Delta, the NDD bypass rules prescribe a series of minimum allowable bypass flows that vary depending on (1) month of the year, and (2) progressively decreasing levels of protection following a pulse flow event.

We determined that the NDD bypass rules increased the frequency and duration of reverse flows of the Sacramento River downstream of Georgiana Slough, with the magnitude of increase varying among scenarios. Constant low-level pumping, the most protective bypass rule that limits diversion to 10 percent of the maximum diversion and is implemented following a pulse-flow event, led to the smallest increase in frequency and duration of flow reversals. In contrast, we found that some scenarios led to sizeable increases in the fraction of the day with reverse flow. The conditions under which the proportion of the day with reverse flow can increase by greater than or equal to 10 percentage points between October and June, when juvenile salmon are present in the Delta, include October–November bypass rules and level-3 post-pulse operations during December–June. These conditions would be expected to increase the proportion of juvenile salmon entering the interior Delta through Georgiana Slough.

In the second analysis, we assessed bias in Delta Simulation Model 2 (DSM2) flow predictions at the junction of the Sacramento River, DCC, and Georgiana Slough. Because DSM2 was being used to simulate California WaterFix operations, understanding the extent of bias relative to USGS streamgages was important since fish routing models were based on flow data at streamgages. We determined that river flow predicted by DSM2 was biased for Georgiana Slough and the Sacramento River. Therefore, for subsequent analysis, we bias-corrected the DSM2 flow predictions using measured stream flows as predictor variables.

In the third analysis, we evaluated the effect of the NDD on the daily probability of fish entering Georgiana Slough and the DCC. We applied an existing model to predict entrainment from 15-minute flow simulations for an 82-year time series of flows simulated by DSM2 under the Proposed Action (PA), where the North Delta Diversion is implemented under California WaterFix, and the No Action Alternative (NAA), where the diversion is not implemented. To estimate the daily fraction of fish entering each river channel, entrainment probabilities were averaged over each day. To evaluate the two scenarios, we then compared mean annual entrainment probabilities by month, water year classification, and three different assumed run timings. Overall, the probability of remaining in the Sacramento River was lower under the PA scenario, but the magnitude of the difference was small (3/s. At flows greater than 41,000 ft3/s, we hypothesize that entrainment into the interior Delta is relatively constant, which would have caused little difference between scenarios at higher flows.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181028","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service","usgsCitation":"Perry, R.W., Romine, J.G., Pope, A.C., and Evans, S.D., 2018, Effects of the proposed California WaterFix North\nDelta Diversion on flow reversals and entrainment of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) into\nGeorgiana Slough and the Delta Cross Channel, northern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report\n2018-1028, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181028.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-077416","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352094,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1028/ofr20181028.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1028"},{"id":352093,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1028/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.53127670288086,\n 38.22449353550286\n ],\n [\n -121.49771690368652,\n 38.22449353550286\n ],\n [\n -121.49771690368652,\n 38.26466948704442\n ],\n [\n -121.53127670288086,\n 38.26466948704442\n ],\n [\n -121.53127670288086,\n 38.22449353550286\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115

","tableOfContents":"","publishedDate":"2018-02-27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee715e4b0da30c1bfc0fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romine, Jason G. 0000-0002-6938-1185 jromine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6938-1185","contributorId":2823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romine","given":"Jason","email":"jromine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pope, Adam C. 0000-0002-7253-2247 apope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7253-2247","contributorId":5664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Adam","email":"apope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":729765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, Scott D. 0000-0003-0452-7726 sdevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-7726","contributorId":4408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Scott","email":"sdevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70195037,"text":"sir20175147 - 2018 - Temporal trends in water-quality constituent concentrations and annual loads of chemical constituents in Michigan watersheds, 1998–2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-22T14:33:12","indexId":"sir20175147","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5147","title":"Temporal trends in water-quality constituent concentrations and annual loads of chemical constituents in Michigan watersheds, 1998–2013","docAbstract":"

In 1998, the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality and the U.S. Geological Survey began the Water Chemistry Monitoring Program for select streams in the State of Michigan. Objectives of this program were to provide assistance with (1) statewide water-quality assessments, (2) the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permitting process, and (3) water-resource management decisions. As part of this program, water-quality data collected from 1998 to 2013 were analyzed to identify potential trends for select constituents that were sampled. Sixteen water-quality constituents were analyzed at 32 stations throughout Michigan. Trend analysis on the various water-quality data was done using either the uncensored Seasonal Kendall test or through Tobit regression. In total, 79 trends were detected in the constituents analyzed for 32 river stations sampled for the study period—53 downward trends and 26 upward trends were detected. The most prevalent trend detected throughout the State was for ammonia, with 11 downward trends and 1 upward trend estimated.

In addition to trends, constituent loads were estimated for 31 stations from 2002 to 2013 for stations that were sampled 12 times per year. Loads were computed using the Autobeale load computation program, which used the Beale ratio estimator approach to estimate an annual load. Constituent loads were the largest in large watershed streams with the highest annual flows such as the Saginaw and Grand Rivers. Likewise, constituent loads were the smallest in smaller tributaries that were sampled as part of this program such as the Boardman and Thunder Bay Rivers.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175147","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Hoard, C.J., Fogarty, L.R., and Duris, J.W., 2018, Temporal trends in water-quality constituent concentrations and annual loads of chemical constituents in Michigan watersheds, 1998–2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5147, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175147.","productDescription":"vi, 79 p.","numberOfPages":"90","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-077501","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351840,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5147/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":351841,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5147/sir20175147.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.32 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\"}}]}","contact":"

Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6520 Mercantile Way
Suite 5
Lansing, MI 48911

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"publishedDate":"2018-02-21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee728e4b0da30c1bfc148","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoard, Christopher J. 0000-0003-2337-506X cjhoard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2337-506X","contributorId":191767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoard","given":"Christopher","email":"cjhoard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fogarty, Lisa R. 0000-0003-0329-3251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0329-3251","contributorId":201646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogarty","given":"Lisa R.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duris, Joseph W. 0000-0002-8669-8109 jwduris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-8109","contributorId":172426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duris","given":"Joseph","email":"jwduris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70195402,"text":"ofr20171166 - 2018 - Landsat classification of surface-water presence during multiple years to assess response of playa wetlands to climatic variability across the Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-22T16:28:36.224437","indexId":"ofr20171166","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-15T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-1166","title":"Landsat classification of surface-water presence during multiple years to assess response of playa wetlands to climatic variability across the Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative region","docAbstract":"

To improve understanding of the distribution of ecologically important, ephemeral wetland habitats across the Great Plains, the occurrence and distribution of surface water in playa wetland complexes were documented for four different years across the Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative (GPLCC) region. This information is important because it informs land and wildlife managers about the timing and location of habitat availability. Data with an accurate timestamp that indicate the presence of water, the percent of the area inundated with water, and the spatial distribution of playa wetlands with water are needed for a host of resource inventory, monitoring, and research applications. For example, the distribution of inundated wetlands forms the spatial pattern of available habitat for resident shorebirds and water birds, stop-over habitats for migratory birds, connectivity and clustering of wetland habitats, and surface waters that recharge the Ogallala aquifer; there is considerable variability in the distribution of playa wetlands holding water through time. Documentation of these spatially and temporally intricate processes, here, provides data required to assess connections between inundation and multiple environmental drivers, such as climate, land use, soil, and topography. Climate drivers are understood to interact with land cover, land use and soil attributes in determining the amount of water that flows overland into playa wetlands. Results indicated significant spatial variability represented by differences in the percent of playas inundated among States within the GPLCC. Further, analysis-of-variance comparison of differences in inundation between years showed significant differences in all cases. Although some connections with seasonal moisture patterns may be observed, the complex spatial-temporal gradients of precipitation, temperature, soils, and land use need to be combined as covariates in multivariate models to effectively account for these patterns. We demonstrate the feasibility of using classification of Landsat satellite imagery to describe playa-wetland inundation across years and seasons. Evaluating classifications representing only 4 years of imagery, we found significant year-to-year and state-to-state differences in inundation rates.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171166","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, New Mexico","usgsCitation":"Manier, D.J., and Rover, J.R., 2018, Landsat classification of surface-water presence during multiple years to assess response of playa wetlands to climatic variability across the Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1166, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171166.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-073569","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438012,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7MW2GCN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Landsat classification of surface water for multiple seasons to monitor inundation of playa wetlands"},{"id":351569,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1166/ofr20171166.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1166"},{"id":351568,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1166/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106,\n 30\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 30\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 30\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, Fort Collins Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2150 Centre Ave., Building C
Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"publishedDate":"2018-02-15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee72de4b0da30c1bfc17c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manier, Daniel J. 0000-0002-1105-1327 manierd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1105-1327","contributorId":4589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manier","given":"Daniel","email":"manierd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":728436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rover, Jennifer R. 0000-0002-3437-4030 jrover@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3437-4030","contributorId":2941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rover","given":"Jennifer","email":"jrover@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70191170,"text":"sir20175108 - 2018 - Stream-channel and watershed delineations and basin-characteristic measurements using lidar elevation data for small drainage basins within the Des Moines Lobe landform region in Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T15:01:18","indexId":"sir20175108","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-14T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5108","title":"Stream-channel and watershed delineations and basin-characteristic measurements using lidar elevation data for small drainage basins within the Des Moines Lobe landform region in Iowa","docAbstract":"

Basin-characteristic measurements related to stream length, stream slope, stream density, and stream order have been identified as significant variables for estimation of flood, flow-duration, and low-flow discharges in Iowa. The placement of channel initiation points, however, has always been a matter of individual interpretation, leading to differences in stream definitions between analysts.

This study investigated five different methods to define stream initiation using 3-meter light detection and ranging (lidar) digital elevation models (DEMs) data for 17 streamgages with drainage areas less than 50 square miles within the Des Moines Lobe landform region in north-central Iowa. Each DEM was hydrologically enforced and the five stream initiation methods were used to define channel initiation points and the downstream flow paths. The five different methods to define stream initiation were tested side-by-side for three watershed delineations: (1) the total drainage-area delineation, (2) an effective drainage-area delineation of basins based on a 2-percent annual exceedance probability (AEP) 12-hour rainfall, and (3) an effective drainage-area delineation based on a 20-percent AEP 12-hour rainfall.

Generalized least squares regression analysis was used to develop a set of equations for sites in the Des Moines Lobe landform region for estimating discharges for ungaged stream sites with 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent AEPs. A total of 17 streamgages were included in the development of the regression equations. In addition, geographic information system software was used to measure 58 selected basin-characteristics for each streamgage.

Results of the regression analyses of the 15 lidar datasets indicate that the datasets that produce regional regression equations (RREs) with the best overall predictive accuracy are the National Hydrographic Dataset, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, and profile curvature of 0.5 stream initiation methods combined with the 20-percent AEP 12-hour rainfall watershed delineation method. These RREs have a mean average standard error of prediction (SEP) for 4-, 2-, and 1-percent AEP discharges of 53.9 percent and a mean SEP for all eight AEPs of 55.5 percent. Compared to the RREs developed in this study using the basin characteristics from the U.S. Geological Survey StreamStats application, the lidar basin characteristics provide better overall predictive accuracy.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175108","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Transportation and the Iowa Highway Research Board (Project TR–692) ","usgsCitation":"Eash, D.A., Barnes, K.K., O’Shea, P.S., and Gelder, B.K., 2018, Stream-channel and watershed delineations and basin-characteristic measurements using lidar elevation data for small drainage basins within the Des Moines Lobe landform region in Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5108, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175108. ","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-081688","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351551,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5108/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":351552,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5108/sir20175108.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.48 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5108"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Des Moines Lobe landform region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -93,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -93,\n 43.50075243569041\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 43.50075243569041\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 41.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
400 S. Clinton St., Rm 269
Iowa City, IA 52240

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"publishedDate":"2018-02-14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee72ee4b0da30c1bfc18a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eash, David A. 0000-0002-2749-8959 daeash@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2749-8959","contributorId":1887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eash","given":"David","email":"daeash@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, Kimberlee K. 0000-0002-8917-7165 kkbarnes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8917-7165","contributorId":2683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Kimberlee","email":"kkbarnes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Shea, Padraic S. 0000-0001-9005-8289 poshea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9005-8289","contributorId":196742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Shea","given":"Padraic","email":"poshea@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gelder, Brian K.","contributorId":196743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gelder","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70194701,"text":"sir20175151 - 2018 - Assessment of water resources and the potential effects from oil and gas development in the Bureau of Land Management Tri-County planning area, Sierra, Doña Ana, and Otero Counties, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-07T17:11:00","indexId":"sir20175151","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5151","title":"Assessment of water resources and the potential effects from oil and gas development in the Bureau of Land Management Tri-County planning area, Sierra, Doña Ana, and Otero Counties, New Mexico","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, conducted a study to assess the water resources and potential effects on the water resources from oil and gas development in the Tri-County planning area, Sierra, Doña Ana, and Otero Counties, New Mexico. Publicly available data were used to assess these resources and effects and to identify data gaps in the Tri-County planning area.

The Tri-County planning area includes approximately 9.3 million acres and is within the eastern extent of the Basin and Range Province, which consists of mountain ranges and low elevation basins. Three specific areas of interest within the Tri-County planning area are the Jornada del Muerto, Tularosa Basin, and Otero Mesa, which is adjacent to the Salt Basin. Surface-water resources are limited in the Tri-County planning area, with the Rio Grande as the main perennial river flowing from north to south through Sierra and Doña Ana Counties. The Tularosa Creek is an important surface-water resource in the Tularosa Basin. The Sacramento River, which flows southeast out of the Sacramento Mountains, is an important source of recharge to aquifers in the Salt Basin. Groundwater resources vary in aquifer type, depth to water, and water quality. For example, the Jornada del Muerto, Tularosa Basin, and Salt Basin each have shallow and deep aquifer systems, and water can range from freshwater, with less than 1,000 milligrams per liter (mg/L) of total dissolved solids, to brine, with greater than 35,000 mg/L of total dissolved solids. Water quality in the Tri-County planning area is affected by the dissolution of salt deposits and evaporation which are common in arid regions such as southern New Mexico.

The potential for oil and gas development exists in several areas within the Tri-County area. As many as 81 new conventional wells and 25 coalbed natural gas wells could be developed by 2035. Conventional oil and gas well construction in the Tri-County planning area is expected to require 1.53 acre-feet (acre-ft) (500,000 gallons) of water per well, similar to requirements in the nearby Permian Basin of New Mexico, while construction of unconventional wells is expected to require 7.3 acre-ft of water per well. Produced waters in the Permian Basin have high total dissolved solids, in the brackish to brine range.

Data gaps identified in this study include the limited detailed data on surface-water resources, the lack of groundwater data in areas of interest, and the lack of water chemistry data related to oil and gas development issues. Surface waters in the Tri-County planning area are sparse; some streams are perennial, and most are ephemeral. A more detailed study of the ephemeral channels and their interaction with groundwater could provide a better understanding of the importance of these surface-water resources. Groundwater data used in this study are from the USGS National Water Information System, which does not have continuous water-level depth data at many of the sites in the Tri-County planning area. On Otero Mesa, no recurrent groundwater-level data are available at any one site. The water-quality data compiled in this study provide a good overview of the general chemistry of groundwater in the Tri-County planning area. To fully understand the groundwater resources, it would be helpful to have more wells in specific areas of interest for groundwater-level and water-quality measurements.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175151","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Blake, J.M., Miltenberger, Keely, Stewart, Anne, Ritchie, Andre, Montoya, Jennifer, Durr, Corey, McHugh, Amy, and Charles, Emmanuel, 2018, Assessment of water resources and the potential effects from oil and gas development in the Bureau of Land Management Tri-County planning area, Sierra, Doña Ana, and Otero Counties, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5151, 87 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175151. 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Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5338 Montgomery Blvd., NE Suite 400
Albuquerque, NM 87109–1311

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"publishedDate":"2018-02-07","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7c1e72e4b00f54eb2292d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blake, Johanna M. 0000-0003-4667-0096 jmtblake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4667-0096","contributorId":169698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"Johanna","email":"jmtblake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miltenberger, Keely kmiltenberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":201295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miltenberger","given":"Keely","email":"kmiltenberger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":724928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, Anne M. astewart@usgs.gov","contributorId":3938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Anne","email":"astewart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ritchie, Andre 0000-0003-1289-653X abritchie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1289-653X","contributorId":195788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"Andre","email":"abritchie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Montoya, Jennifer","contributorId":201296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montoya","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Durr, Corey","contributorId":201297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Durr","given":"Corey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McHugh, Amy R. 0000-0002-7745-9886 amchugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7745-9886","contributorId":192882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"Amy","email":"amchugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Charles, Emmanuel G. 0000-0002-3338-4958 echarles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3338-4958","contributorId":4280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charles","given":"Emmanuel","email":"echarles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70194995,"text":"ofr20181014 - 2018 - Relations between total phosphorus and orthophosphorus concentrations and rainfall, surface-water discharge, and groundwater levels in Big Cypress Seminole Indian Reservation, Florida, 2014–16","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-07T10:51:43","indexId":"ofr20181014","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1014","title":"Relations between total phosphorus and orthophosphorus concentrations and rainfall, surface-water discharge, and groundwater levels in Big Cypress Seminole Indian Reservation, Florida, 2014–16","docAbstract":"

The Seminole Tribe of Florida (the Tribe) is partnering with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to develop a numeric phosphorus criterion for the 52,000-acre Big Cypress Seminole Indian Reservation (BCSIR), which is located downgradient of the Everglades Agricultural Area, and of other public and private lands, in southeastern Hendry County and northwestern Broward County in southern Florida. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Tribe, used water-quality data collected between October 2014 and September 2016 by the Tribe and the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), along with data from rainfall gages, surface-water stage and discharge gages, and groundwater monitoring wells, to (1) examine the relations between local hydrology and measured total phosphorus (TP) and orthophosphorus (OP) concentrations and (2) identify explanatory variables for TP concentrations. Of particular concern were conditions when TP exceeded 10 parts per billion (ppb) (0.01 milligram per liter [mg/L]) given that the State of Florida and the Miccosukee Tribe of Indians Alligator Alley Reservation (located downstream of the BCSIR) have adopted a 10-ppb maximum TP criterion for surface waters.

From October 2014 to September 2016, the Tribe collected 47–52 samples at each of nine water-quality sites for analysis of TP and OP, except at one site where 28 samples were collected. For all sites sampled, concentrations of TP (as phosphorus [P]) ranged from less than 0.002 mg/L (2 ppb) to a maximum of nearly 0.50 mg/L (500 ppb), whereas concentrations of OP (as P), the reactive form of inorganic phosphorus readily absorbed by plants and (or) abiotically absorbed, ranged from less than 0.003 mg/L (3 ppb) to a maximum of 0.24 mg/L (240 ppb). The median and interquartile ranges of concentrations of TP and OP in the samples collected in 2014–16 by the Tribe were similar to the median and interquartile ranges of concentrations in samples collected by the SFWMD at nearby sites during the same period. Differences in concentrations can likely be explained by differences in sample collection methods, sampling locations, sample collection time, and the hydrology during sampling or by the number of samples collected. A major limitation of this study was the short duration of sample collection, which covers a limited range of hydrologic conditions within the BCSIR.

The effect of surface-water and groundwater hydrologic conditions on TP and OP concentrations was assessed by using rainfall data and surface-water stage and discharge records. The highest TP and OP concentrations occurred during peak surface-water flows in the canals following long dry periods. Concentrations of TP and OP increased internal to the BCSIR in the western half of the BCSIR during wet periods, but increased concentrations tended to lag behind rainfall events, likely because control structures upstream of sampling sites do not release flows until the water levels in the canals reach predetermined levels. This pattern may indicate that bed sediments in the canals contain high concentrations of phosphorus that becomes resuspended during high flows or that phosphorus salts that had accumulated on dry land during dry periods are carried into the canals by runoff. The largest TP spikes usually occurred at the beginning of high-flow events, but then quickly tapered off even when flows remained high.

Groundwater flows were assessed in the BCSIR by using groundwater level observations from two preexisting USGS monitoring well clusters, each characterized by a shallow well installed in the surficial aquifer system and a deeper well installed in the intermediate aquifer system. Groundwater levels were evaluated with respect to surface-water levels and discharge in the BCSIR during the period of surface-water sampling. During dry conditions water levels in canals were often higher than groundwater levels in the surficial aquifer, indicating the potential for surface water to recharge the surficial aquifer. During wetter conditions, this trend reversed, and there was potential for shallow groundwater discharge into the canals.

From October 2014 to September 2016, concentrations of TP tended to decrease as surface-water inflows moved across the BCSIR from north to south. In both the western and eastern halves of the reservation, the mean concentration of TP was lower in the surface-water outflows from the BCSIR than in the inflows. The mean concentration of TP in the inflows to the western reservation was 0.04 mg/L (40 ppb), whereas the mean concentration of TP in the outflows was 0.03 mg/L (30 ppb). In the eastern reservation, the mean concentration of TP in the inflows was 0.07 mg/L (70 ppb), whereas the mean concentration of TP in the outflows was 0.04 mg/L (40 ppb).

TP and OP concentrations were evaluated relative to other water-quality parameters, including turbidity, suspended solids, nitrate plus nitrite, dissolved oxygen, pH, and specific conductance, to determine if any relations existed between TP and other variables. Weak relations were indicated for turbidity and suspended solids at two sites, which indicates that there may be a relation of increased TP to mobilization of sediment.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181014","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Seminole Tribe of Florida","usgsCitation":"McBride, W.S., and Sifuentes, D.F., 2018, Relations between total phosphorus and orthophosphorus concentrations and rainfall, surface-water discharge, and groundwater levels in Big Cypress Seminole Indian Reservation, Florida, 2014–16: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 2018–1014, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181014.","productDescription":"xi, 63 p.","numberOfPages":"79","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-086087","costCenters":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351046,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1014/ofr20181014.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.52 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018–1014"},{"id":351045,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1014/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Big Cypress Seminole Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.8333,\n 26.1667\n ],\n [\n -81.0833,\n 26.1667\n ],\n [\n -81.0833,\n 26.4167\n ],\n [\n -80.8333,\n 26.4167\n ],\n [\n -80.8333,\n 26.1667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4446 Pet Lane
Lutz, FL 33559

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"publishedDate":"2018-02-06","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7acd1de4b00f54eb20c58b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McBride, W. Scott 0000-0003-1828-2838","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1828-2838","contributorId":201573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sifuentes, Dorothy F. 0000-0001-7540-2766 dsifuentes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7540-2766","contributorId":201574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sifuentes","given":"Dorothy","email":"dsifuentes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70202267,"text":"70202267 - 2018 - Wind River Subbasin Restoration, Annual report of U.S. Geological Survey activities, January 2016 through December 2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-20T11:24:57","indexId":"70202267","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-01T11:24:50","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Wind River Subbasin Restoration, Annual report of U.S. Geological Survey activities, January 2016 through December 2016","docAbstract":"

We used Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT)-tagging and a series of instream PIT-tag interrogation systems (PTISs) to investigate life-histories, populations, and efficacy of habitat restoration actions for steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss in the Wind River subbasin, WA. Our tagging focused on parr in headwaters areas of the subbasin and our instream readers provided information on movement of these parr and other life-stages of tagged steelhead. The Wind River subbasin in southwest Washington State provides habitat for a population of wild Lower Columbia River steelhead and is an excellent watershed for long-term studies of population dynamics and responses to restoration of this wild population. No hatchery steelhead have been planted in the Wind River subbasin since 1994, and hatchery adults are estimated to be less than one percent of adults in any year (pers comm. Thomas Buehrens, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife). Numerous restoration actions have been implemented in the subbasin, including the removal of Hemlock Dam on Trout Creek in 2009. Data from our study, and companion work by Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW), will contribute to Bonneville Power Administration’s (BPA) Research Monitoring and Evaluation (RM&E) Program Strategy of Fish Population Status Monitoring (www.cbfish.org/ProgramStrategy.mvc/ViewProgramStrategySummary/1), specifically the substrategies of: 1) Assessing the Status and Trends of Diversity of Natural Origin Fish Populations and to Uncertainties Research regarding differing life histories of a wild steelhead population, 2) Assessing the Status and Trend of Adult Natural Origin Fish Populations, and 3) Monitoring and Evaluating the Effectiveness of Tributary Habitat Actions Relative to Environmental, Physical, or Biological Performance Objectives.

During summer 2016, we sampled and PIT-tagged age-0 and age-1 steelhead parr in headwater areas of the Wind River subbasin to characterize population traits and investigate variable life-histories, including growth and parr movement downstream prior to smolting. Repeat sampling and smolt traps provide opportunities for recapture, and instream PTISs and Columbia River infrastructure provide opportunity for detection of PIT-tagged fish.

Throughout the year, we maintained a series of instream PTISs to monitor movement of tagged steelhead parr, smolts, and adults. During 2016, we repaired or replaced much of our instream PTIS infrastructure that had been damaged or destroyed during a large flood event in December 2015. This included moving our upper Wind River detection site (WRU) about a kilometer downstream to a location we hope to be less susceptible to damage in high flows and that will allow grid power connection for more reliable winter operations.

Detections at the instream PTISs showed trends of parr emigration during summer and fall, in addition to the expected movement of parr and smolts in spring. These data are increasing our understanding of varied life histories of juvenile steelhead; paired with other steelhead population work in the subbasin we hope to begin to understand some of the factors which may influence parr movements. Long-term monitoring of PIT-tagged fish over multiple years is providing information on contribution of various life-history strategies to smolt production and adult returns, as well as helping to identify factors influencing parr movement.

Movements of PIT-tagged adult steelhead were also tracked with our instream PTISs. These data have provided information on timing of adult movements to various parts of the watershed, which is allowing us to assess adult returns to tributary watersheds within the Wind River subbasin. Determination of adult use of tributary watersheds is providing data to contribute to evaluation of the efficacy of the removal of Hemlock Dam on Trout Creek. Hemlock Dam, located at rkm 2.0 of Trout Creek was removed in summer 2009 and had contributed to hydrologic impairment of Trout Creek

Evaluating restoration efforts is of interest to many managers and agencies so that funding and time are allocated for best results. The evaluation of various life-histories of Lower Columbia River steelhead within the Wind River subbasin will provide information to better track populations, and to direct habitat restoration and water allocation planning. Increasingly detailed Viable Salmonid Population information, such as that provided by PIT-tagging and instream PTISs networks like those we are building and operating in the Wind River subbasin, will provide data to inform policy and management, as life-history strategies and production bottlenecks are identified and understood.

","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Jezorek, I.G., and Connolly, P., 2018, Wind River Subbasin Restoration, Annual report of U.S. Geological Survey activities, January 2016 through December 2016, 54 p.","productDescription":"54 p.","ipdsId":"IP-093844","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":361346,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cbfish.org/Document.mvc/DocumentViewer/P161233/77688-1.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jezorek, Ian G. 0000-0002-3842-3485 ijezorek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3842-3485","contributorId":3572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jezorek","given":"Ian","email":"ijezorek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connolly, Patrick J. 0000-0001-7365-7618 pconnolly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7365-7618","contributorId":2920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pconnolly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188594,"text":"sir20175064 - 2018 - Bathymetry of Ashokan, Cannonsville, Neversink, Pepacton, Rondout, and Schoharie Reservoirs, New York, 2013–15","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-06T12:02:20","indexId":"sir20175064","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-01T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5064","title":"Bathymetry of Ashokan, Cannonsville, Neversink, Pepacton, Rondout, and Schoharie Reservoirs, New York, 2013–15","docAbstract":"

Drinking water for New York City is supplied from several large reservoirs, including a system of reservoirs west of the Hudson River. To provide updated reservoir capacity tables and bathymetry maps of the City’s six West of Hudson reservoirs, bathymetric surveys were conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey from 2013 to 2015. Depths were surveyed with a single-beam echo sounder and real-time kinematic global positioning system along planned transects at predetermined intervals for each reservoir. A separate quality assurance dataset of echo sounder points was collected along transects at oblique angles to the main transects for accuracy assessment. Field-survey data were combined with water surface elevations in a geographic information system to create three-dimensional surfaces in the form of triangulated irregular networks (TINs) representing the elevations of the reservoir geomorphology. The TINs were linearly enforced to better represent geomorphic features within the reservoirs. The linearly enforced TINs were then used to create raster surfaces and 2-foot-interval contour maps of the reservoirs. Elevationarea-capacity tables were calculated at 0.01-foot intervals. The results of the surveys show that the total capacity of the West of Hudson reservoirs decreased by 11.5 billion gallons (Ggal), or 2.3 percent, because of sedimentation since construction, and the useable capacity (the volume above the minimum operating level required to deliver full flow for drinking water supply) has decreased by 7.9 Ggal (1.7 percent). The available capacity (the volume between the spillway elevation and the lowest intake or sill elevation used for drinking water supply) decreased by 9.6 Ggal (2.0 percent), and dead storage (the volume below the lowest intake or sill elevation) decreased by 1.9 Ggal (11.6 percent). The elevation of the spillway at Schoharie Reservoir was changed because of reconstruction during 2015, resulting in an additional decrease of 0.1 Ggal in total, useable, and available capacity.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175064","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York City Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Nystrom, E.A., 2018, Bathymetry of Ashokan, Cannonsville, Neversink, Pepacton, Rondout, and Schoharie Reservoirs, New York, 2013–15 (ver. 1.2, November 2018): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5064, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175064.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 29 p.; 6 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-080367","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343564,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F71C1V1W","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geospatial bathymetry dataset and elevation-area-capacity table for Neversink Reservoir, 2013 to 2014 "},{"id":343567,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7J964HB","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geospatial bathymetry dataset and elevation-area-capacity table for Schoharie Reservoir, 2015 "},{"id":343563,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7WM1BJK","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geospatial bathymetry dataset and elevation-area-capacity table for Cannonsville Reservoir, 2015 "},{"id":343562,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P26W7P","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geospatial bathymetry dataset and elevation-area-capacity table for Ashokan Reservoir, 2013 to 2014 "},{"id":343561,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5064/sir20175064.pdf","text":"Report","size":"19.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5064"},{"id":351432,"rank":9,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5064/versionHist.txt","size":"2.10 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":343560,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5064/coverthb4.jpg"},{"id":343565,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7DJ5CSM","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geospatial bathymetry dataset and elevation-area-capacity table for Pepacton Reservoir, 2015"},{"id":343566,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7542KR6","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geospatial bathymetry dataset and elevation-area-capacity table for Rondout Reservoir, 2013 to 2014"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Ashokan, Cannonsville, Neversink, Pepacton, Rondout, and Schoharie Reservoirs","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.5,\n 41.75\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 41.75\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -75.5,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -75.5,\n 41.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted February 1, 2018; Version 1.1: February 12, 2018, Version 1.2: November 21, 2018","contact":"

Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"publishedDate":"2018-02-01","revisedDate":"2018-11-21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a74357be4b0a9a2e9e25c6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nystrom, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-0886-3439 nystrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0886-3439","contributorId":1072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nystrom","given":"Elizabeth","email":"nystrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70194873,"text":"fs20183003 - 2018 - Missouri StreamStats—A water-resources web application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T10:16:10","indexId":"fs20183003","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-3003","title":"Missouri StreamStats—A water-resources web application","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) maintains and operates more than 8,200 continuous streamgages nationwide. Types of data that may be collected, computed, and stored for streamgages include streamgage height (water-surface elevation), streamflow, and water quality. The streamflow data allow scientists and engineers to calculate streamflow statistics, such as the 1-percent annual exceedance probability flood (also known as the 100-year flood), the mean flow, and the 7-day, 10-year low flow, which are used by managers to make informed water resource management decisions, at each streamgage location. Researchers, regulators, and managers also commonly need physical characteristics (basin characteristics) that describe the unique properties of a basin. Common uses for streamflow statistics and basin characteristics include hydraulic design, water-supply management, water-use appropriations, and flood-plain mapping for establishing flood-insurance rates and land-use zones. The USGS periodically publishes reports that update the values of basin characteristics and streamflow statistics at selected gaged locations (locations with streamgages), but these studies usually only update a subset of streamgages, making data retrieval difficult. Additionally, streamflow statistics and basin characteristics are most often needed at ungaged locations (locations without streamgages) for which published streamflow statistics and basin characteristics do not exist.

Missouri StreamStats is a web-based geographic information system that was created by the USGS in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources to provide users with access to an assortment of tools that are useful for water-resources planning and management. StreamStats allows users to easily obtain the most recent published streamflow statistics and basin characteristics for streamgage locations and to automatically calculate selected basin characteristics and estimate streamflow statistics at ungaged locations.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20183003","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Ellis, J.T., 2018, Missouri StreamStats—A water-resources web application: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2018–3003, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20183003.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":" IP-091212","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350829,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3003/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":350830,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3003/fs20183003.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.50 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2018–3003"}],"country":"United 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Director, Missouri Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401

","tableOfContents":"","publishedDate":"2018-01-31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a72e3e7e4b0a9a2e9e08ebd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, Jarrett T.","contributorId":93050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Jarrett T.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70189140,"text":"ofr20171085 - 2018 - Evaluation of the Radar Stage Sensor manufactured by Forest Technology Systems—Results of laboratory and field testing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-01T10:37:53","indexId":"ofr20171085","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-1085","title":"Evaluation of the Radar Stage Sensor manufactured by Forest Technology Systems—Results of laboratory and field testing","docAbstract":"

Two identical Radar Stage Sensors from Forest Technology Systems were evaluated to determine if they are suitable for U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) hydrologic data collection. The sensors were evaluated in laboratory conditions to evaluate the distance accuracy of the sensor over the manufacturer’s specified operating temperatures and distance to water ranges. Laboratory results were compared to the manufacturer’s accuracy specification of ±0.007 foot (ft) and the USGS Office of Surface Water (OSW) policy requirement that water-level sensors have a measurement uncertainty of no more than 0.01 ft or 0.20 percent of the indicated reading. Both of the sensors tested were within the OSW policy requirement in both laboratory tests and within the manufacturer’s specification in the distance to water test over tested distances from 3 to 15 ft. In the temperature chamber test, both sensors were within the manufacturer’s specification for more than 90 percent of the data points collected over a temperature range of –40 to +60 degrees Celsius at a fixed distance of 8 ft. One sensor was subjected to an SDI-12 communication test, which it passed. A field test was conducted on one sensor at a USGS field site near Landon, Mississippi, from February 5 to March 29, 2016. Water-level measurements made by the radar during the field test were in agreement with those made by the Sutron Accubar Constant Flow Bubble Gauge.

Upon the manufacturer’s release of updated firmware version 1.09, additional SDI-12 and temperature testing was performed to evaluate added SDI-12 functions and verify that performance was unaffected by the update. At this time, an Axiom data logger is required to perform a firmware update on this sensor. The data confirmed the results of the original test. Based on the test results, the Radar Stage Sensor is a suitable choice for USGS hydrologic data collection.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171085","usgsCitation":"Kunkle, G.A., 2018, Evaluation of the Radar Stage Sensor manufactured by Forest Technology Systems—Results of laboratory and field testing: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1085, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171085.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-083860","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350803,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F71C1VSR","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Evaluation of the Radar Stage Sensor Manufactured by Forest Technology Systems, Incorporated—Results of Laboratory and Field Testing"},{"id":350800,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1085/ofr20171085.pdf","text":"Report","size":"918 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017–1085"},{"id":350799,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1085/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"

Chief, Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility
U.S. Geological Survey
Building 2101
Stennis Space Center, MS 39529

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"publishedDate":"2018-01-31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a72e3e8e4b0a9a2e9e08ecc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kunkle, Gerald A. 0000-0002-3700-7746 gkunkle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3700-7746","contributorId":194077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunkle","given":"Gerald","email":"gkunkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":703141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70194519,"text":"sim3392 - 2018 - Quaternary sediment thickness and bedrock topography of the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-29T09:58:24","indexId":"sim3392","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3392","title":"Quaternary sediment thickness and bedrock topography of the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"

Beginning roughly 2.6 million years ago, global climate entered a cooling phase known as the Pleistocene Epoch. As snow in northern latitudes compacted into ice several kilometers thick, it flowed as glaciers southward across the North American continent. These glaciers extended across the northern United States, dramatically altering the landscape they covered. East of the Rocky Mountains, the ice coalesced into continental glaciers (called the Laurentide Ice Sheet) that at times blanketed much of the north-central and northeastern United States. To the west of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, glaciers formed in the mountains of western Canada and the United States and coalesced into the Cordilleran ice sheet; this relatively smaller ice mass extended into the conterminous United States in the northernmost areas of western Montana, Idaho, and Washington. Throughout the Pleistocene, landscape alteration occurred by (1) glacial erosion of the rocks and sediments; (2) redeposition of the eroded earth materials in a form substantially different from their source rocks, in terms of texture and overall character; and (3) disruption of preexisting drainage patterns by the newly deposited sediments. In many cases, pre-glacial drainage systems (including, for example, the Mississippi River) were rerouted because their older drainage courses became blocked with glacial sediment.

The continental glaciers advanced and retreated many times across those areas. During each ice advance, or glaciation, erosion and deposition occurred, and the landscape was again altered. Through successive glaciations, the landscape and the bedrock surface gradually came to resemble their present configurations. As continental ice sheets receded and the Pleistocene ended, erosion and deposition of sediment (for example in stream valleys) continued to shape the landscape up to the present day (albeit to a lesser extent than during glaciation). The interval of time since the last recession of the glaciers is called the Holocene and, together with the Pleistocene, constitutes the Quaternary Period of geologic time; this publication characterizes the three-dimensional geometry of the Quaternary sediments and the bedrock surface that lies beneath.

The pre-glacial landscape was underlain mostly by weathered bedrock generally similar in nature to that found in many areas of the non-glaciated United States. Glacial erosion and redeposition of earth materials produced a young, mineral-rich soil that formed the basis for the highly productive agricultural economy in the U.S. midcontinent. Extensive buried sands and gravels within the glacial deposits also provided a stimulus to other economic sectors by serving as high-quality aquifers supplying groundwater to the region’s industry and cities. An understanding of the three-dimensional distribution of these glacial sediments has direct utility for addressing various societal issues including groundwater quality and supply, and landscape and soil response to earthquake-induced shaking.

The Quaternary sediment thickness map and bedrock topographic map shown here provide a regional overview and are intended to supplement the more detailed work on which they are based. Detailed mapping is particularly useful in populated areas for site-specific planning. In contrast, regional maps such as these serve to place local, detailed mapping in context; to permit the extrapolation of data into unmapped areas; and to depict large-scale regional geologic features and patterns that are beyond the scope of local, detailed mapping. They also can enhance the reader’s general understanding of the region’s landscape and geologic history and provide a source of information for regional decision making that could benefit by improved predictability of bedrock depth beneath the unconsolidated Quaternary sediments. To enable these maps to be analyzed in conjunction with other types of information, this publication also includes the map data in GIS compatible format.

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\"}}]}","contact":"

National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Mail Stop 908
Reston, VA 20192
Fax: (703) 648-6937

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2018-01-26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6c4c8ee4b06e28e9cabaf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soller, David R. 0000-0001-6177-8332 drsoller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-8332","contributorId":2700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"David","email":"drsoller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrity, Christopher P. 0000-0002-5565-1818 cgarrity@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5565-1818","contributorId":644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrity","given":"Christopher","email":"cgarrity@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194830,"text":"sir20175163 - 2018 - Hydrogeologic framework and groundwater conditions of the Ararat Basin in Armenia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-08T15:13:43","indexId":"sir20175163","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-17T00:17:30","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5163","title":"Hydrogeologic framework and groundwater conditions of the Ararat Basin in Armenia","docAbstract":"

Armenia is a landlocked country located in the mountainous Caucasus region between Asia and Europe. It shares borders with the countries of Georgia on the north, Azerbaijan on the east, Iran on the south, and Turkey and Azerbaijan on the west. The Ararat Basin is a transboundary basin in Armenia and Turkey. The Ararat Basin (or Ararat Valley) is an intermountain depression that contains the Aras River and its tributaries, which also form the border between Armenia and Turkey and divide the basin into northern and southern regions. The Ararat Basin also contains Armenia’s largest agricultural and fish farming zone that is supplied by high-quality water from wells completed in the artesian aquifers that underlie the basin. Groundwater constitutes about 40 percent of all water use, and groundwater provides 96 percent of the water used for drinking purposes in Armenia. Since 2000, groundwater withdrawals and consumption in the Ararat Basin of Armenia have increased because of the growth of aquaculture and other uses. Increased groundwater withdrawals caused decreased springflow, reduced well discharges, falling water levels, and a reduction of the number of flowing artesian wells in the southern part of Ararat Basin in Armenia.

In 2016, the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) began a cooperative study in Armenia to share science and field techniques to increase the country’s capabilities for groundwater study and modeling. The purpose of this report is to describe the hydrogeologic framework and groundwater conditions of the Ararat Basin in Armenia based on data collected in 2016 and previous hydrogeologic studies. The study area includes the Ararat Basin in Armenia. This report was completed through a partnership with USAID/Armenia in the implementation of its Science, Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships effort through the Advanced Science and Partnerships for Integrated Resource Development program and associated partners, including the Government of Armenia, Armenia’s Hydrogeological Monitoring Center, and the USAID Global Development Lab and its GeoCenter.

The hydrogeologic framework of the Ararat Basin includes several basin-fill stratigraphic units consisting of interbedded dense clays, gravels, sands, volcanic basalts, and andesite deposits. Previously published cross sections and well lithologic logs were used to map nine general hydrogeologic units. Hydrogeologic units were mapped based on lithology and water-bearing potential. Water-level data measured in the water-bearing hydrogeologic units 2, 4, 6, and 8 in 2016 were used to create potentiometric surface maps. In hydrogeologic unit 2, the estimated direction of groundwater flow is from the west to north in the western part of the basin (away from the Aras River) and from north to south (toward the Aras River) in the eastern part of the basin. In hydrogeologic unit 4, the direction of groundwater flow is generally from west to east and north to south (toward the Aras River) except in the western part of the basin where groundwater flow is toward the north or northwest. Hydrogeologic unit 6 has the same general pattern of groundwater flow as unit 4. Hydrogeologic unit 8 is the deepest of the water-bearing units and is confined in the basin. Groundwater flow generally is from the south to north (away from the Aras River) in the western part of the basin and from west to east and north to south (toward the Aras River) elsewhere in the basin.

In addition to water levels, personnel from Armenia’s Hydrogeological Monitoring Center also measured specific conductance at 540 wells and temperature at 2,470 wells in the Ararat Basin using U.S. Geological Survey protocols in 2016. The minimum specific conductance was 377 microsiemens per centimeter (μS/cm), the maximum value was 4,000 μS/cm, and the mean was 998 μS/cm. The maximum water temperature was 24.2 degrees Celsius. An analysis between water temperature and well depth indicated no relation; however, spatially, most wells with cooler water temperatures were within the 2016 pressure boundary or in the western part of the basin. Wells with generally warmer water temperatures were in the eastern part of the basin.

Samples were collected from four groundwater sites and one surface-water site by the U.S. Geological Survey in 2016. The stable-isotope values were similar for all five sites, indicating similar recharge sources for the sampled wells. The Hrazdan River sample was consistent with the groundwater samples, indicating the river could serve as a source of recharge to the Ararat artesian aquifer.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175163","usgsCitation":"Valder, J.F., Carter, J.M., Medler, C.J., Thompson, R.F., and Anderson, M.T., 2018, Hydrogeologic framework and groundwater conditions of the Ararat Basin in Armenia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5163, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175163.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 40 p.; Tables","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-088554","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350454,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5163/sir20175163_table6.xls","text":"Table 6. Historical water-level and well yield data from various dates ranging from 1981 to 2013 in the Ararat Basin, Armenia","size":"96 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2017–5163 Table 6"},{"id":350430,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5163/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":350452,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5163/sir20175163_table5.xlsx","text":"Table 5. Historical water-level data from 2007 in the Ararat Basin, Armenia, provided to the U.S. Geological Survey by Armenian partners","size":"200 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2017–5163 Table 5"},{"id":350451,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5163/sir20175163_table4.xls","text":"Table 4. Hydrologic data provided to the U.S. Geological Survey from the 2016 well inventory conducted in the Ararat Basin, Armenia, by Armenian partners","size":"808 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2017–5163 Table 4"},{"id":350434,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5163/sir20175163_table1.xlsx","text":"Table 1 Lithologic descriptions, land-surface elevations, geologic layer thicknesses, and hydrogeologic units of the Ararat Basin, Armenia","size":"792 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2017–5163 Table 1"},{"id":350432,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5163/sir20175163.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017–5163"}],"country":"Armenia","otherGeospatial":"Ararat Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 43.75,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n 44.8,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n 44.8,\n 40.25\n ],\n [\n 43.75,\n 40.25\n ],\n [\n 43.75,\n 39.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, Dakota Water Science Center, South Dakota Office
U.S. Geological Survey
1608 Mountain View Road
Rapid City, SD 57702

","tableOfContents":"","publishedDate":"2018-01-17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60e451e4b06e28e9c14065","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valder, Joshua F. 0000-0003-3733-8868 jvalder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3733-8868","contributorId":1431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valder","given":"Joshua F.","email":"jvalder@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, Janet M. 0000-0002-6376-3473 jmcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6376-3473","contributorId":339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Janet","email":"jmcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Medler, Colton J. 0000-0001-6119-5065","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6119-5065","contributorId":201463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medler","given":"Colton","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, Ryan F. 0000-0002-4544-6108 rcthomps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4544-6108","contributorId":2702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ryan","email":"rcthomps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, Mark T. 0000-0002-1477-6788 manders@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1477-6788","contributorId":1764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Mark","email":"manders@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70190434,"text":"sir20175094 - 2018 - Nutrient and metal loads estimated by using discrete, automated, and continuous water-quality monitoring techniques for the Blackstone River at the Massachusetts-Rhode Island State line, water years 2013–14","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-10T16:40:29","indexId":"sir20175094","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-10T17:20:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5094","title":"Nutrient and metal loads estimated by using discrete, automated, and continuous water-quality monitoring techniques for the Blackstone River at the Massachusetts-Rhode Island State line, water years 2013–14","docAbstract":"

Flow-proportional composite water samples were collected in water years 2013 and 2014 by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, from the Blackstone River at Millville, Massachusetts (U.S. Geological Survey station 01111230), about 0.5 mile from the border with Rhode Island. Samples were collected in order to better understand the dynamics of selected nutrient and metal constituents, assist with planning, guide activities to meet water-quality goals, and provide real-time water-quality information to the public. An automated system collected the samples at 14-day intervals to determine total and dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, to provide accurate monthly nutrient concentration data, and to calculate monthly load estimates. Concentrations of dissolved trace metals and total aluminum were determined from 4-day composite water samples that were collected twice monthly by the automated system. Results from 4-day composites provide stakeholders with information to evaluate trace metals on the basis of chronic 4-day exposure criteria for aquatic life, and the potential to use the biotic ligand model to evaluate copper concentrations. Nutrient, trace metal, suspended sediment, dissolved organic carbon, and chlorophyll a concentrations were determined from discrete samples collected at the Millville station and from across the stream transect at the upstream railroad bridge, and these concentrations served as a means to evaluate the representativeness of the Millville point location.

Analytical results from samples collected with the automated flow-proportional sampling system provided the means to calculate monthly and annual loading data. Total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads in water year (WY) 2013 were about 447,000 and 36,000 kilograms (kg), respectively. In WY 2014, annual loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were about 342,000 and 21,000 kg, respectively. Total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads from WYs 2013 and 2014 were about 56 and 65 percent lower than those reported for WYs 2008 and 2009. The higher loads in 2008 and 2009 may be explained by the higher than average flows in WY 2009 and by facility upgrades made by wastewater treatment facilities in the basin.

Median loads were determined from composite samples collected with the automated system between October 2012 and October 2014. Median dissolved cadmium and chromium 4-day loads were 0.55 and 0.84 kg, respectively. Dissolved copper and total lead median 4-day loads were 8.02 and 1.42 kg, respectively. The dissolved nickel median 4-day load was 5.45 kg, and the dissolved zinc median 4-day load was 36 kg. Median total aluminum 4-day loads were about 197 kg.

Spearman’s rank correlation analyses were used with discrete sample concentrations and continuous records of temperature, specific conductance, turbidity, and chlorophyll a to identify correlations between variables that could be used to develop regression equations for estimating real-time concentrations of constituents. Correlation coefficients were generated for flow, precipitation, antecedent precipitation, physical parameters, and chemical constituents. A 95-percent confidence limit for each value of Spearman’s rho was calculated, and multiple linear regression analysis using ordinary least squares regression techniques was used to develop regression equations for concentrations of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, suspended sediment concentration, total copper, and total aluminum. Although the correlations are based on the limited amount of data collected as part of this study, the potential to monitor water-quality changes in real time may be of value to resource managers and decision makers.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175094","isbn":"ISBN 978-1-4113-4181-4","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Sorenson, J.R., Granato, G.E., and Smith, K.P., 2018, Nutrient and metal loads estimated by using discrete, automated, and continuous water-quality monitoring techniques for the Blackstone River at the Massachusetts-Rhode Island State line, water years 2013–14: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5094, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175094.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 41 p.; 4 Tables","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-079789","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350359,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5094/sir20175094.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.05 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5094"},{"id":350366,"rank":8,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5094/tables/sir20175094_table6.csv","text":"Table 6","size":"19.4 csv","linkHelpText":"- Concentrations of nutrients, trace metals, and suspended sediment in manually collected samples from the upstream railroad bridge and from the collection point at the Blackstone River at Millville, Massachusetts, station (01111230) during water years 2013 and 2014."},{"id":350368,"rank":10,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5094/tables/sir20175094_table7.csv","text":"Table 7","size":"13.1 KB csv","linkHelpText":"- Loads of nutrients based on 14-day nutrient composite samples, and loads of dissolved trace metals and total aluminum based on 4-day metal composite samples collected by the automated sampling system from the point location at the Blackstone River at Millville, Massachusetts, station (01111230) during water years 2013 and 2014."},{"id":350361,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5094/tables/sir20175094_table4.xlsx","text":"Table 4 (Microsoft Excel)","size":"48.5 KB"},{"id":350358,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5094/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":350360,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5094/tables/sir20175094_table4.csv","text":"Table 4","size":"15 KB csv","linkHelpText":"- Concentrations of nutrients, trace metals, and suspended sediment in sample pairs collected from the upstream railroad bridge and from the point location at the Blackstone River at Millville, Massachusetts, station (01111230)."},{"id":350367,"rank":9,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5094/tables/sir20175094_table7.xlsx","text":"Table 7 (Microsoft Excel)","size":"44 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":350364,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5094/tables/sir20175094_table5.csv","text":"Table 5","size":"13.7 KB csv","linkHelpText":"- Concentrations of nutrients, total aluminum, and dissolved trace metals in 14-day nutrient composite samples and 4-day metal composite samples collected by using the automated sampling system from the point location at the Blackstone River at Millville, Massachusetts, station (01111230) during water years 2013 and 2014."},{"id":350365,"rank":7,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5094/tables/sir20175094_table6.xlsx","text":"Table 6 (Microsoft Excel)","size":"46.7 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":350363,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5094/tables/sir20175094_table5.xlsx","text":"Table 5 (Microsoft Excel)","size":"39.6 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.9167,\n 41.8333\n ],\n [\n -71.3333,\n 41.8333\n ],\n [\n -71.3333,\n 42.3333\n ],\n [\n -71.9167,\n 42.3333\n ],\n [\n -71.9167,\n 41.8333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532

 

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"publishedDate":"2018-01-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60facfe4b06e28e9c226fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorenson, Jason R. 0000-0001-5553-8594 jsorenso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5553-8594","contributorId":3468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorenson","given":"Jason","email":"jsorenso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granato, Gregory E. 0000-0002-2561-9913 ggranato@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-9913","contributorId":147346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"Gregory","email":"ggranato@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":709136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Kirk P. 0000-0003-0269-474X kpsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-474X","contributorId":1516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kirk","email":"kpsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194820,"text":"ds1073 - 2018 - Chemical concentrations in water and suspended sediment, Green River to Lower Duwamish Waterway near Seattle, Washington, 2016–17","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-06T14:11:46","indexId":"ds1073","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1073","title":"Chemical concentrations in water and suspended sediment, Green River to Lower Duwamish Waterway near Seattle, Washington, 2016–17","docAbstract":"

From August 2016 to March 2017, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected representative samples of filtered and unfiltered water and suspended sediment (including the colloidal fraction) at USGS streamgage 12113390 (Duwamish River at Golf Course, at Tukwila, Washington) during 13 periods of differing flow conditions. Samples were analyzed by Washington-State-accredited laboratories for a large suite of compounds, including metals, dioxins/furans, semivolatile compounds including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, butyltins, the 209 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, and total and dissolved organic carbon. Concurrent with the chemistry sampling, water-quality field parameters were measured, and representative water samples were collected and analyzed for river suspended-sediment concentration and particle-size distribution. The results provide new data that can be used to estimate sediment and chemical loads transported by the Green River to the Lower Duwamish Waterway.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1073","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Conn, K.E., Black, R.W., Peterson, N.T., Senter, C.A., and Chapman, E.A., 2018, Chemical concentrations in water and\nsuspended sediment, Green River to Lower Duwamish Waterway near Seattle, Washington, 2016–17: U.S. Geological\nSurvey Data Series 1073, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1073.","productDescription":"Report: v, 17 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-091233","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350280,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1073/ds1073_appendixa.xlsx","text":"Appendix A","size":"259 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"DS 1073 Appendix A"},{"id":350278,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1073/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":350279,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1073/ds1073.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 1073"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Seattle","otherGeospatial":"Green River, Lower Duwamish Waterway","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.35507965087889,\n 47.50931654292719\n ],\n [\n -122.29499816894531,\n 47.50931654292719\n ],\n [\n -122.29499816894531,\n 47.572124991940015\n ],\n [\n -122.35507965087889,\n 47.572124991940015\n ],\n [\n -122.35507965087889,\n 47.50931654292719\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402

","tableOfContents":"","publishedDate":"2018-01-05","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fad1e4b06e28e9c22720","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conn, Kathleen E. 0000-0002-2334-6536 kconn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2334-6536","contributorId":3923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conn","given":"Kathleen E.","email":"kconn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Black, Robert W. 0000-0002-4748-8213 rwblack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4748-8213","contributorId":1820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"Robert","email":"rwblack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, Norman T. 0000-0001-6071-8741 npeterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6071-8741","contributorId":150043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Norman T.","email":"npeterson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Senter, Craig A. 0000-0002-5479-3080 csenter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5479-3080","contributorId":150044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senter","given":"Craig","email":"csenter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chapman, Elena A.","contributorId":201447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Elena","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70194558,"text":"sir20175109 - 2018 - Sequence stratigraphy, seismic stratigraphy, and seismic structures of the lower intermediate confining unit and most of the Floridan aquifer system, Broward County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-25T09:03:53","indexId":"sir20175109","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5109","title":"Sequence stratigraphy, seismic stratigraphy, and seismic structures of the lower intermediate confining unit and most of the Floridan aquifer system, Broward County, Florida","docAbstract":"

Deep well injection and disposal of treated wastewater into the highly transmissive saline Boulder Zone in the lower part of the Floridan aquifer system began in 1971. The zone of injection is a highly transmissive hydrogeologic unit, the Boulder Zone, in the lower part of the Floridan aquifer system. Since the 1990s, however, treated wastewater injection into the Boulder Zone in southeastern Florida has been detected at three treated wastewater injection utilities in the brackish upper part of the Floridan aquifer system designated for potential use as drinking water. At a time when usage of the Boulder Zone for treated wastewater disposal is increasing and the utilization of the upper part of the Floridan aquifer system for drinking water is intensifying, there is an urgency to understand the nature of cross-formational fluid flow and identify possible fluid pathways from the lower to upper zones of the Floridan aquifer system. To better understand the hydrogeologic controls on groundwater movement through the Floridan aquifer system in southeastern Florida, the U.S. Geological Survey and the Broward County Environmental Planning and Community Resilience Division conducted a 3.5-year cooperative study from July 2012 to December 2015. The study characterizes the sequence stratigraphy, seismic stratigraphy, and seismic structures of the lower part of the intermediate confining unit aquifer and most of the Floridan aquifer system.

Data obtained to meet the study objective include 80 miles of high-resolution, two-dimensional (2D), seismic-reflection profiles acquired from canals in eastern Broward County. These profiles have been used to characterize the sequence stratigraphy, seismic stratigraphy, and seismic structures in a 425-square-mile study area. Horizon mapping of the seismic-reflection profiles and additional data collection from well logs and cores or cuttings from 44 wells were focused on construction of three-dimensional (3D) visualizations of eight sequence stratigraphic cycles that compose the Eocene to Miocene Oldsmar, Avon Park, and Arcadia Formations. The mapping of these seismic-reflection and well data has produced a refined Cenozoic sequence stratigraphic, seismic stratigraphic, and hydrogeologic framework of southeastern Florida. The upward transition from the Oldsmar Formation to the Avon Park Formation and the Arcadia Formation embodies the evolution from (1) a tropical to subtropical, shallow-marine, carbonate platform, represented by the Oldsmar and Avon Park Formations, to (2) a broad, temperate, mixed carbonate-siliciclastic shallow marine shelf, represented by the lower part of the Arcadia Formation, and to (3) a temperate, distally steepened carbonate ramp represented by the upper part of the Arcadia Formation.

In the study area, the depositional sequences and seismic sequences have a direct correlation with hydrogeologic units. The approximate upper boundary of four principal permeable units of the Floridan aquifer system (Upper Floridan aquifer, Avon Park permeable zone, uppermost major permeable zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer, and Boulder Zone) have sequence stratigraphic and seismic-reflection signatures that were identified on cross sections, mapped, or both, and therefore the sequence stratigraphy and seismic stratigraphy were used to guide the development of a refined spatial representation of these hydrogeologic units. In all cases, the permeability of the four permeable units is related to stratiform megaporosity generated by ancient dissolution of carbonate rock associated with subaerial exposure and unconformities at the upper surfaces of carbonate depositional cycles of several hierarchical scales ranging from high-frequency cycles to depositional sequences. Additionally, interparticle porosity also contributes substantially to the stratiform permeability in much of the Upper Floridan aquifer. Information from seismic stratigraphy allowed 3D geomodeling of hydrogeologic units—an approach never before applied to this area. Notably, the 3D geomodeling provided 3D visualizations and geocellular models of the depositional sequences, hydrostratigraphy, and structural features. The geocellular data could be used to update the hydrogeologic structure inherent to groundwater flow simulations that are designed to address the sustainability of the water resources of the Floridan aquifer system.

Two kinds of pathways that could enable upward cross-formational flow of injected treated wastewater from the Boulder Zone have been identified in the 80 miles of high-resolution seismic data collected for this study: a near-vertical reverse fault and karst collapse structures. The single reverse fault, inferred to be of tectonic origin, is in extreme northeastern Broward County and has an offset of about 19 feet at the level of the Arcadia Formation. Most of the 17 karst collapse structures identified manifest as columniform, vertically stacked sagging seismic reflections that span early Eocene to Miocene age rocks equivalent to much of the Floridan aquifer system and the lower part of the overlying intermediate confining unit. In some cases, the seismic-sag structures extend upward into strata of Pliocene age. The seismic-sag structures are interpreted to have a semicircular shape in plan view on the basis of comparison to (1) other seismic-sag structures in southeastern Florida mapped with two 2D seismic cross lines or 3D data, (2) comparison to these structures located in other carbonate provinces, and (3) plausible extensional ring faults detected with multi-attribute analysis. The seismic-sag structures in the study area have heights as great as 2,500 vertical feet, though importantly, one spans about 7,800 feet. Both multi-attribute analysis and visual detection of offset of seismic reflections within the seismic-sag structures indicate faults and fractures are associated with many of the structures. Multi-attribute analysis highlighting chimney fluid pathways also indicates that the seismic-sag structures have a high probability for potential vertical cross-formational fluid flow along the faulted and fractured structures. A collapse of the seismic-sag structures within a deep burial setting evokes an origin related to hypogenic karst processes by ascending flow of subsurface fluids. In addition, paleo-epigenic karst related to major regional subaerial unconformities within the Florida Platform generated collapse structures (paleo-sinkholes) that are much smaller in scale than the cross-formational seismic-sag structures.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175109","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Broward County Environmental Planning and Community Resilience Division, Florida","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, K.J., Kluesner, J.W., Westcott, R.L., Robinson, Edward, Walker, Cameron, and Khan, S.A., 2018, Sequence stratigraphy, seismic stratigraphy, and seismic structures of the lower intermediate confining unit and most of the Floridan aquifer system, Broward County, Florida (ver. 1.1, January 2018): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5109, 71 p., 21 pls., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175109.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 71 p.; 21 Plates; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"86","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-066339","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. 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County","otherGeospatial":"Floridan Aquifer System","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.44395446777344,\n 25.921614023117172\n ],\n [\n -80.06629943847656,\n 25.921614023117172\n ],\n [\n -80.06629943847656,\n 26.35742006833118\n ],\n [\n -80.44395446777344,\n 26.35742006833118\n ],\n [\n -80.44395446777344,\n 25.921614023117172\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally released December 8, 2017; Version 1.1: January 16, 2018","contact":"

Director, Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4446 Pet Lane, Suite 108
Lutz, FL 33559

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"publishedDate":"2017-12-08","revisedDate":"2018-01-16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60e452e4b06e28e9c1406d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, Kevin J. 0000-0002-2179-8686 kcunning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-8686","contributorId":1689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Kevin","email":"kcunning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kluesner, Jared W. 0000-0003-1701-8832 jkluesner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-8832","contributorId":167088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kluesner","given":"Jared","email":"jkluesner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":724470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Westcott, Richard L.","contributorId":201159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westcott","given":"Richard L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, Edward","contributorId":193060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walker, Cameron","contributorId":81777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Cameron","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Khan, Shakira A.","contributorId":201160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Khan","given":"Shakira","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":47797,"text":"wri034009 - 2018 - Evaluation of the Source and Transport of High Nitrate Concentrations in Ground Water, Warren Subbasin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T16:54:36","indexId":"wri034009","displayToPublicDate":"2003-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4009","title":"Evaluation of the Source and Transport of High Nitrate Concentrations in Ground Water, Warren Subbasin, California","docAbstract":"

Ground water historically has been the sole source of water supply for the Town of Yucca Valley in the Warren subbasin of the Morongo ground-water basin, California. An imbalance between ground-water recharge and pumpage caused ground-water levels in the subbasin to decline by as much as 300 feet from the late 1940s through 1994. In response, the local water district, Hi-Desert Water District, instituted an artificial recharge program in February 1995 using imported surface water to replenish the ground water. The artificial recharge program resulted in water-level recoveries of as much as 250 feet in the vicinity of the recharge ponds between February 1995 and December 2001; however, nitrate concentrations in some wells also increased from a background concentration of 10 milligrams per liter to more than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 44 milligrams per liter (10 milligrams per liter as nitrogen).

The objectives of this study were to: (1) evaluate the sources of the high-nitrate concentrations that occurred after the start of the artificial-recharge program, (2) develop a ground-water flow and solute-transport model to better understand the source and transport of nitrates in the aquifer system, and (3) utilize the calibrated models to evaluate the possible effect of a proposed conjunctive-use project. These objectives were accomplished by collecting water-level and water-quality data for the subbasin and assessing changes that have occurred since artificial recharge began. Collected data were used to calibrate the ground-water flow and solute-transport models.

Data collected for this study indicate that the areal extent of the water-bearing deposits is much smaller (about 5.5 square miles versus 19 square miles) than that of the subbasin. These water-bearing deposits are referred to in this report as the Warren ground-water basin. Faults separate the ground-water basin into five hydrogeologic units: the west, the midwest, the mideast, the east and the northeast hydrogeologic units.

Water-quality analyses indicate that septage from septic tanks is the primary source of the high-nitrate concentrations measured in the Warren ground-water basin. Water-quality and stable-isotope data, collected after the start of the artificial recharge program, indicate that mixing occurs between imported water and native ground water, with the highest recorded nitrate concentrations in the midwest and the mideast hydrogeologic units. In general, the timing of the increase in measured nitrate concentrations in the midwest hydrogeologic unit is directly related to the distance of the monitoring well from a recharge site, indicating that the increase in nitrate concentrations is related to the artificial recharge program. Nitrate-to-chloride and nitrogen-isotope data indicate that septage is the source of the measured increase in nitrate concentrations in the midwest and the mideast hydrogeologic units. Samples from four wells in the Warren ground-water basin were analyzed for caffeine and selected human pharmaceutical products; these analyses suggest that septage is reaching the water table.

There are two possible conceptual models that explain how high-nitrate septage reaches the water table: (1) the continued downward migration of septage through the unsaturated zone to the water table and (2) rising water levels, a result of the artificial recharge program, entraining septage in the unsaturated zone. The observations that nitrate concentrations increase in ground-water samples from wells soon after the start of the artificial recharge program in 1995 and that the largest increase in nitrate concentrations occur in the midwest and mideast hydrogeologic units where the largest increase in water levels occur indicate the validity of the second conceptual model (rising water levels). The potential nitrate concentration resulting from a water-level rise in the midwest and mideast hydrogeologic units was estimated using a simple mixing-cell model. The estimated value is within the range of concentrations measured in samples from wells, further indicating the validity of the second conceptual model.

A ground-water flow model and a solute-transport model were developed for the Warren ground-water basin for the period 1956-2001. MODFLOW-96 was used for the ground-water flow model and MOC3D was used for the solute-transport model. The model cell size is about 500 feet by 500 feet and the models were discretized vertically into three layers. The models were calibrated using a trial-and-error approach using water-level and nitrate-concentration data collected between 1956-2001. In order to better match the measured data, low fault hydraulic characteristic values were required, thereby compartmentalizing the ground-water basin. In addition, it was necessary to parameterize the specific yield distribution for the top model layer where unconfined ground-water conditions occur into three homogeneous zones. Separate sets of specific- yield values were needed to simulate the drawdown and subsequent water-level recovery. In addition, the calibrated natural recharge was about 83 acre-feet per year. The entrainment of unsaturated-zone septage was simulated as recharge having an associated nitrate concentration. The volume of recharge was a function of the measured water-level rise between 1994-98 and the moisture content of the unsaturated zone. The nitrate concentration of the recharge water was a weighted function of the assumed nitrate concentration in the infiltrating water associated with the overlying land use. The simulated hydraulic head and nitrate concentration results were in good agreement with the measured data indicating that the mechanism for the increase in nitrate concentrations was rising water levels entraining high-nitrate septage in the unsaturated-zone.

The calibrated models were used to simulate the possible effects of a planned conjunctive-use project in the western part of the ground-water basin. The simulated project included the addition of a new recharge pond and a new extraction well. In addition, recharge at two existing recharge ponds was increased and three existing production wells were pumped, treated in a nitrate-removal facility, and used for water supply. The simulated hydraulic heads increased in the west, the mideast, and parts of the east hydrogeologic units; however, the simulated hydraulic heads decreased in the midwest and northeast hydrogeologic units. The simulated nitrate concentrations increased to above the MCL of 44 milligrams per liter (10 milligrams per liter as nitrogen) in parts of the west as a result of the increase in simulated hydraulic head. The simulated nitrate concentrations decreased in part of the midwest hydrogeologic unit as a result of the artificial recharge and pumping from the nitrate-removal wells. The simulated nitrate concentrations increased to above the MCL of 44 milligrams per liter in part of the mideast and parts of the east hydrogeologic units beneath commercial land-use areas.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri034009","usgsCitation":"Nishikawa, T., Densmore, J., Martin, P., and Matti, J.C., 2018, Evaluation of the Source and Transport of High Nitrate Concentrations in Ground Water, Warren Subbasin, California (Version 1.1: September 2018; Version 1.0: June 2003): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4009, xii, 133 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034009.","productDescription":"xii, 133 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":172395,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":357524,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wrir034009/wrir034009_versionhist.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":357525,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wrir034009/wrir034009_v1.1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":4008,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034009/","text":"USGS Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Warren Subbasin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.4833,\n 34.15\n ],\n [\n -116.3333,\n 34.15\n ],\n [\n -116.3333,\n 34.0833\n ],\n [\n -116.4833,\n 34.0833\n ],\n [\n -116.4833,\n 34.15\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.1: September 2018; Version 1.0: June 2003","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa94f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nishikawa, Tracy 0000-0002-7348-3838 tnish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-3838","contributorId":1515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishikawa","given":"Tracy","email":"tnish@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":236256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Densmore, Jill N. 0000-0002-5345-6613","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5345-6613","contributorId":89179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Jill N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":236255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Matti, Jonathan C. 0000-0001-5961-9869 jmatti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5961-9869","contributorId":167192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matti","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmatti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":236257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70197620,"text":"70197620 - 2017 - A simulation method for combining hydrodynamic data and acoustic tag tracks to predict the entrainment of juvenile salmonids onto the Yolo Bypass under future engineering scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-14T10:27:56","indexId":"70197620","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"A simulation method for combining hydrodynamic data and acoustic tag tracks to predict the entrainment of juvenile salmonids onto the Yolo Bypass under future engineering scenarios","docAbstract":"

During water year 2016 the U.S. Geological Survey California Water Science Center (USGS) collaborated with the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) to conduct a joint hydrodynamic and fisheries study to acquire data that could be used to evaluate the effects of proposed modifications to the Fremont Weir on outmigrating juvenile Chinook salmon. During this study the USGS surgically implanted acoustic tags in juvenile late fall run Chinook salmon from the Coleman National Fish Hatchery, released the acoustically tagged juvenile salmon into the Sacramento River upstream of the Fremont Weir, and tracked their movements as they emigrated past the western end of the Fremont Weir.

The USGS analyzed tracking data from the acoustically tagged juvenile salmon along with detailed hydrodynamic data collected in the Sacramento River during the winter/spring of water year 2016 in the vicinity of the western end of the Fremont Weir to assess the potential for enhancing the entrainment of Sacramento River Chinook salmon onto the Yolo Bypass under six different Fremont Weir modification scenarios. Each modification scenario consists of a notch or multiple notches in the Fremont Weir which are designed to divert a portion of the Sacramento River onto the Yolo Bypass when the Sacramento River is below the crest of the Fremont Weir. The primary goal of this entrainment analysis was to investigate how the location of the notch or notches in each scenario affected the entrainment of juvenile Chinook salmon onto the Yolo Bypass, and to predict the notch location or locations that would result in maximum entrainment under each modification scenario.

Stumpner et al.’s (in review) analysis of hydraulic data collected during the 2016 study period showed that backwater effects in the Sacramento River created significant variability in the relationship between Sacramento River stage and the proportion of the Sacramento River flow that we expect to be diverted onto the Yolo Bypass under the modification scenarios. Because of this variability, accurately evaluating the entrainment potential of possible notch locations for each scenario required combining historic abundance data for juvenile Sacramento River Chinook salmon with historic hydraulic data for the Sacramento River in the vicinity of the Fremont Weir, so that the entrainment estimates would reflect the covariance between Sacramento River stage, Sacramento River discharge, and juvenile salmon abundance within the historic record.

We used a Monte Carlo simulation framework to combine the high resolution hydrodynamic data and acoustic tag track data collected in 2016 with historic juvenile salmon abundance, Sacramento River stage, and Sacramento River discharge data from a period spanning water years 1996-2010 to assess the entrainment potential of different weir modification scenarios under historic conditions. The scenarios we simulated consisted of four single notch configurations, and two multiple notch configurations in the vicinity of the western end of the Fremont Weir. For each notch configuration the 15-water-year entrainment simulation was repeated for 63 possible notch locations in the vicinity of the western end of the Fremont Weir. This approach allowed us to assess the effect of notch location on the entrainment of juvenile salmonids onto the Yolo Bypass for each of the six notch configurations that we evaluated.

The entrainment simulations showed that the location of each notch configuration had a major impact on the entrainment for each scenario; the predicted entrainment of some scenarios varied by as much as 400% based on where the notch (or notches) was (were) located in the study area. All of the single notch scenarios performed best when they were located within a 330 ft (100 meter) long section of the Sacramento River bank adjacent to the western terminus of the Fremont Weir (Table 1). Both of the multiple notch scenarios performed best when their upstream notches were located about 660 ft (200 meters) upstream of the western terminus of the Fremont Weir (Table 1). The results of the entrainment simulations indicated that for each notch configuration the same notch location produced near-maximum entrainment regardless of run abundance timing; this result suggests that there are areas within the study are where a notch (or notches) can be sited to achieve maximum entrainment for all runs (barring significant behavioral or physiological differences between runs). In addition, the simulation results indicate that for each notch configuration the same location is expected to produce nearmaximum entrainment for both wet water years and dry water years.

Based on the results of the entrainment simulation we make three general recommendations for strategies to improve the entrainment potential of a notch in the Fremont Weir:

1) Comparisons between the maximum entrainment potential for each scenario suggested that total entrainment of winter run, spring run, and fall run salmon onto the Yolo Bypass can be increased by increasing the amount of water entering a notch when the Sacramento River stage is between 19 ft and 22 ft NAVD88; this could be accomplished by lowering notch invert elevations or by adding a control section to the Sacramento River to raise stage for a given discharge.

2) The relationship between Sacramento River stage and entrainment for each scenario indicated that entrainment efficiency for each scenario declined significantly once Sacramento River stage exceeded bankfull (approximately 28.5 ft NAVD88). This effect was likely due to inundation of the floodplain between the Sacramento River and the Fremont Weir; Stumpner et. al (In Review) have documented a reduction in the strength of the secondary circulation and centralization of the downwelling zone in the Sacramento River when this floodplain is inundated. Therefore, increasing the height of the river right bank of the Sacramento River to coincide with the height of the Fremont Weir is recommended to increase entrainment at higher stages.

3) Bathymetric features upstream of notch openings appeared to have a major impact on the entrainment potential of the simulated notches. For this reason we recommend taking care to avoid siting notches immediately downstream of bank features that alter the sidewall boundary layer, and we expect that smoothing the bank bathymetry upstream of a notch will enhance entrainment.

Finally, we caution that the entrainment simulation was based on the behavior of large hatchery smolts, so it is likely that our results will be sensitive to any differences in behavior and physiology between these hatchery surrogates and naturally migrating juvenile salmon.

","language":"English","publisher":"Delta Stewardship Council","usgsCitation":"Blake, A.R., Stumpner, P., and Burau, J.R., 2017, A simulation method for combining hydrodynamic data and acoustic tag tracks to predict the entrainment of juvenile salmonids onto the Yolo Bypass under future engineering scenarios, 108 p.","productDescription":"108 p.","ipdsId":"IP-089808","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355046,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":355027,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://deltacouncil.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2018/04/Entrainment%20Analysis_FinalVersion_Released.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yolo Bypass","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b46e607e4b060350a15d246","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blake, Aaron R. 0000-0001-7348-2336 ablake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7348-2336","contributorId":5059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"Aaron","email":"ablake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stumpner, Paul 0000-0002-0933-7895 pstump@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0933-7895","contributorId":5667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumpner","given":"Paul","email":"pstump@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burau, Jon R. 0000-0002-5196-5035 jrburau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":1500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"Jon","email":"jrburau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194814,"text":"sir20175141 - 2017 - Groundwater-flow budget for the lower Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin in southwestern Georgia and parts of Florida and Alabama, 2008–12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T13:28:49","indexId":"sir20175141","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-29T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5141","title":"Groundwater-flow budget for the lower Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin in southwestern Georgia and parts of Florida and Alabama, 2008–12","docAbstract":"

As part of the National Water Census program in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River Basin, the U.S. Geological Survey evaluated the groundwater budget of the lower ACF, with particular emphasis on recharge, characterizing the spatial and temporal relation between surface water and groundwater, and groundwater pumping. To evaluate the hydrologic budget of the lower ACF River Basin, a groundwater-flow model, constructed using MODFLOW-2005, was developed for the Upper Floridan aquifer and overlying semiconfining unit for 2008–12. Model input included temporally and spatially variable specified recharge, estimated using a Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) model for the ACF River Basin, and pumping, partly estimated on the basis of measured agricultural pumping rates in Georgia. The model was calibrated to measured groundwater levels and base flows, which were estimated using hydrograph separation.

The simulated groundwater-flow budget resulted in a small net cumulative loss of groundwater in storage during the study period. The model simulated a net loss in groundwater storage for all the subbasins as conditions became substantially drier from the beginning to the end of the study period. The model is limited by its conceptualization, the data used to represent and calibrate the model, and the mathematical representation of the system; therefore, any interpretations should be considered in light of these limitations. In spite of these limitations, the model provides insight regarding water availability in the lower ACF River Basin.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175141","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Census and Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Jones, L.E., Painter, Jaime, LaFontaine, Jacob, Sepulveda, Nicasio, and Sifuentes, D.F., 2017, Groundwater-flow budget for the lower Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin in southwestern Georgia and parts of \nFlorida and Alabama, 2008–12: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5141, 76 p., \nhttps://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175141.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 76 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"88","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350246,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5141/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":350249,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20175133","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2017-5133","linkHelpText":"- Simulations of Hydrologic Response in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin, Southeastern United States"},{"id":350247,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5141/sir20175141.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5141"},{"id":350248,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7DV1HCG","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.5,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -83.75,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -83.75,\n 32.25\n ],\n [\n -85.5,\n 32.25\n ],\n [\n -85.5,\n 30.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Stephenson Center, Suite 129
Columbia, SC 29210

","tableOfContents":"","publishedDate":"2017-12-29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fae0e4b06e28e9c228ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, L. Elliott 0000-0002-7394-2053 lejones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7394-2053","contributorId":4491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"L.","email":"lejones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Elliott","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Painter, Jaime A. 0000-0001-8883-9158 jpainter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-9158","contributorId":1466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"Jaime","email":"jpainter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LaFontaine, Jacob H. 0000-0003-4923-2630 jlafonta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4923-2630","contributorId":2258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaFontaine","given":"Jacob","email":"jlafonta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sepulveda, Nicasio 0000-0002-6333-1865 nsepul@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6333-1865","contributorId":1454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Nicasio","email":"nsepul@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sifuentes, Dorothy F. dsifuentes@usgs.gov","contributorId":4879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sifuentes","given":"Dorothy F.","email":"dsifuentes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70194809,"text":"ds1072 - 2017 - Chemical quality of water and bottom sediment, Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge, Lahontan Valley, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-07T12:27:18","indexId":"ds1072","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1072","title":"Chemical quality of water and bottom sediment, Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge, Lahontan Valley, Nevada","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service collected data on water and bottom-sediment chemistry to be used to evaluate a new water rights acquisition program designed to enhance wetland habitat in Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge and in Lahontan Valley, Churchill County, Nevada. The area supports habitat critical to the feeding and resting of migratory birds travelling the Pacific Flyway. Information about how water rights acquisitions may affect the quality of water delivered to the wetlands is needed by stakeholders and Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge managers in order to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach to wetlands management. A network of six sites on waterways that deliver the majority of water to Refuge wetlands was established to monitor the quality of streamflow and bottom sediment. Each site was visited every 4 to 6 weeks and selected water-quality field parameters were measured when flowing water was present. Water samples were collected at varying frequencies and analyzed for major ions, silica, and organic carbon, and for selected species of nitrogen and phosphorus, trace elements, pharmaceuticals, and other trace organic compounds. Bottom-sediment samples were collected for analysis of selected trace elements.

Dissolved-solids concentrations exceeded the recommended criterion for protection of aquatic life (500 milligrams per liter) in 33 of 62 filtered water samples. The maximum arsenic criterion (340 micrograms per liter) was exceeded twice and the continuous criterion was exceeded seven times. Criteria protecting aquatic life from continuous exposure to aluminum, cadmium, lead, and mercury (87, 0.72, 2.5, and 0.77 micrograms per liter, respectively) were exceeded only once in filtered samples (27, 40, 32, and 36 samples, respectively). Mercury was the only trace element analyzed in bottom-sediment samples to exceed the published probable effect concentration (1,060 micrograms per kilogram).

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1072","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Thodal, C.E., 2017, Chemical quality of water and bottom sediment, Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge, Lahontan Valley, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series Report 1072, 38 p., plus supplemental data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1072.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 38 p.; Supplemental Data","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-083557","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350181,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1072/ds1072.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 1072"},{"id":350180,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1072/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":350182,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1072/ds1072_suppData.xlsx","text":"Supplemental Data","size":"575 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"DS 1072"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.55484008789061,\n 39.46164364205549\n ],\n [\n -118.49853515625,\n 39.46111351521458\n ],\n [\n -118.50265502929688,\n 39.47489550075251\n ],\n [\n -118.48205566406251,\n 39.47807557129829\n ],\n [\n -118.48068237304686,\n 39.50615988027491\n ],\n [\n -118.46214294433592,\n 39.505100301007545\n ],\n [\n -118.46420288085936,\n 39.54958871848275\n ],\n [\n -118.44291687011719,\n 39.549059262117225\n ],\n [\n -118.4497833251953,\n 39.564941195531496\n ],\n [\n -118.4051513671875,\n 39.564411856338054\n ],\n [\n -118.40789794921875,\n 39.57552713084889\n ],\n [\n -118.38867187500001,\n 39.576585635482296\n ],\n [\n -118.39073181152344,\n 39.607804249995105\n ],\n [\n -118.37013244628905,\n 39.60727523813919\n ],\n [\n -118.37150573730467,\n 39.63530729658601\n ],\n [\n -118.36395263671875,\n 39.63636488778663\n ],\n [\n -118.36051940917969,\n 39.678126804900295\n ],\n [\n -118.3447265625,\n 39.680240661158805\n ],\n [\n -118.34541320800781,\n 39.72303232864369\n ],\n [\n -118.553466796875,\n 39.72303232864369\n ],\n [\n -118.55484008789061,\n 39.46164364205549\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director,
Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Rd.
Carson City, NV 89701

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2017-12-28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fae0e4b06e28e9c228c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thodal, Carl E. 0000-0003-0782-3280 cethodal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0782-3280","contributorId":2292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thodal","given":"Carl","email":"cethodal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70194252,"text":"sim3390 - 2017 - Streamflow distribution maps for the Cannon River drainage basin, southeast Minnesota, and the St. Louis River drainage basin, northeast Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T13:09:40","indexId":"sim3390","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3390","title":"Streamflow distribution maps for the Cannon River drainage basin, southeast Minnesota, and the St. Louis River drainage basin, northeast Minnesota","docAbstract":"

Streamflow distribution maps for the Cannon River and St. Louis River drainage basins were developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources, to illustrate relative and cumulative streamflow distributions. The Cannon River was selected to provide baseline data to assess the effects of potential surficial sand mining, and the St. Louis River was selected to determine the effects of ongoing Mesabi Iron Range mining. Each drainage basin (Cannon, St. Louis) was subdivided into nested drainage basins: the Cannon River was subdivided into 152 nested drainage basins, and the St. Louis River was subdivided into 353 nested drainage basins. For each smaller drainage basin, the estimated volumes of groundwater discharge (as base flow) and surface runoff flowing into all surface-water features were displayed under the following conditions: (1) extreme low-flow conditions, comparable to an exceedance-probability quantile of 0.95; (2) low-flow conditions, comparable to an exceedance-probability quantile of 0.90; (3) a median condition, comparable to an exceedance-probability quantile of 0.50; and (4) a high-flow condition, comparable to an exceedance-probability quantile of 0.02.

Streamflow distribution maps were developed using flow-duration curve exceedance-probability quantiles in conjunction with Soil-Water-Balance model outputs; both the flow-duration curve and Soil-Water-Balance models were built upon previously published U.S. Geological Survey reports. The selected streamflow distribution maps provide a proactive water management tool for State cooperators by illustrating flow rates during a range of hydraulic conditions. Furthermore, after the nested drainage basins are highlighted in terms of surface-water flows, the streamflows can be evaluated in the context of meeting specific ecological flows under different flow regimes and potentially assist with decisions regarding groundwater and surface-water appropriations. Presented streamflow distribution maps are foundational work intended to support the development of additional streamflow distribution maps that include statistical constraints on the selected flow conditions.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3390","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources","usgsCitation":"Smith, E.A., Sanocki, C.A., Lorenz, D.L., and Jacobsen, K.E., 2017, Streamflow distribution maps for the Cannon River drainage basin, southeast Minnesota, and the St. Louis River drainage basin, northeast Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3390, pamphlet 16 p., 2 sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3390.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: vii, 16 p.; 2 Sheets: 22.0 inches x 11.0 inches; Data Releases","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-060395","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350215,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3390/sim3390.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"976 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3390 Pamphlet"},{"id":350216,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3390/sim3390_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"480 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3390 Sheet 1"},{"id":350217,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3390/sim3390_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"590 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":350214,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3390/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":350218,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F72V2DMN","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Soil-Water-Balance model data sets for the Cannon River drainage basin, southeast Minnesota, 1995-2010"},{"id":350219,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Z60MJ0","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Soil-Water-Balance model data sets for the St. Louis River drainage basin, northeast Minnesota, 1995-2010"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Cannon River Drainage Basin, St. Louis River Drainage Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.25,\n 46.63435070293566\n ],\n [\n -91.5,\n 46.63435070293566\n ],\n [\n -91.5,\n 47.89056441663247\n ],\n [\n -93.25,\n 47.89056441663247\n ],\n [\n -93.25,\n 46.63435070293566\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.8,\n 43.75\n ],\n [\n -92.75,\n 43.75\n ],\n [\n -92.75,\n 44.6\n ],\n [\n -93.8,\n 44.6\n ],\n [\n -93.8,\n 43.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2280 Woodale Drive
Mounds View, MN 55112 

","tableOfContents":"


","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2017-12-27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fae1e4b06e28e9c228c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Erik A. 0000-0001-8434-0798 easmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8434-0798","contributorId":1405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Erik","email":"easmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanocki, Christopher A. 0000-0001-6714-5421 sanocki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6714-5421","contributorId":3142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanocki","given":"Christopher","email":"sanocki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorenz, David L. 0000-0003-3392-4034 lorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-4034","contributorId":1384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"David","email":"lorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jacobsen, Katrin E.","contributorId":200611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacobsen","given":"Katrin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193484,"text":"sir20175131 - 2017 - An evaluation of the zooplankton community at the Sheboygan River Area of Concern and non-Area of Concern comparison sites in western Lake Michigan rivers and harbors in 2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T12:58:43","indexId":"sir20175131","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-22T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5131","title":"An evaluation of the zooplankton community at the Sheboygan River Area of Concern and non-Area of Concern comparison sites in western Lake Michigan rivers and harbors in 2016","docAbstract":"

The Great Lakes Areas of Concern (AOCs) are considered to be the most severely degraded areas within the Great Lakes basin, as defined in the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement and amendments. Among the 43 designated AOCs are four Lake Michigan AOCs in the State of Wisconsin. The smallest of these AOCs is the Sheboygan River AOC, which was designated as an AOC because of sediment contamination from polychlorinated biphenyl compounds (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and heavy metals. The Sheboygan River AOC has 9 of 14 possible Beneficial Use Impairments (BUIs), which must be addressed to improve overall water-quality, and to ultimately delist the AOC. One of the BUIs associated with this AOC is the “degradation of phytoplankton and zooplankton populations,” which can be removed from the list of impairments when it has been determined that zooplankton community composition and structure at the AOC do not differ significantly from communities at non-AOC comparison sites. In 2012 and 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey collected plankton (phytoplankton and zooplankton) community samples at the Sheboygan River AOC and selected non-AOC sites as part of a larger Great Lakes Restoration Initiative study evaluating both the benthos and plankton communities in all four of Wisconsin’s Lake Michigan AOCs. Although neither richness nor diversity of phytoplankton or zooplankton in the Sheboygan River AOC were found to differ significantly from the non-AOC sites in 2012, results from the 2014 data indicated that zooplankton diversity was significantly lower, and so rated as degraded, when compared to the Manitowoc and Kewaunee Rivers, two non-AOC sites of similar size, land use, and close geographic proximity.

As a follow-up to the 2014 results, zooplankton samples were collected at the same locations in the AOC and non-AOC sites during three sampling trips in spring, summer, and fall 2016. An analysis of similarity indicated no significant difference between the zooplankton community composition and structure in the AOC and non-AOC sites. Zooplankton taxa richness in the AOC was rated as “not degraded” in 2016 because of significantly higher taxa richness values in samples collected from the Sheboygan River AOC, compared with the non-AOC sites as a group (that is, data pooled from both non-AOC sites). Zooplankton diversity in 2016, however, was characterized as “degraded” in the AOC on the basis of significantly lower (p<0.05) values in samples collected from the AOC compared with those collected from the non-AOC sites as a group. Annual variation in zooplankton community composition and structure at the Sheboygan River AOC was significantly different among all 3 years sampled, as indicated by an analysis of similarity test. Zooplankton richness was significantly higher in 2014 than in both 2012 and 2016, and diversity was significantly higher in 2012 than in both 2014 and 2016. Postremediation recovery can often be complicated by non-AOC-related stressors such as nutrients, invasive species, and extremes in flow, which could affect the recovery of zooplankton communities in the Sheboygan River AOC. The effect of the stressors on postremediation recovery underscores the importance of sampling multiple years when assessing the effectiveness of remediation activities. The results from this study will be used by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to determine if restoration efforts have been effective in removing the plankton BUI and to monitor future conditions in the AOC.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175131","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Olds, H.T., Scudder Eikenberry, B.C., Burns, D.J., and Bell, A.H., 2017, An evaluation of the zooplankton community at the Sheboygan River Area of Concern and non-Area of Concern comparison sites in western Lake Michigan rivers and harbors in 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5131, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175131.\n","productDescription":"Report: vii, 15 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-090820","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349967,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5131/sir20175131.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.36 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5131"},{"id":349966,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5131/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":349968,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7QV3KD9","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Zooplankton Community Data at the Sheboygan River Area of Concern and Non-Areas of Concern Comparison Sites in Western Lake Michigan Rivers and Harbors in 2016"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.7313232421875,\n 43.74530493763506\n ],\n [\n -87.4676513671875,\n 43.74530493763506\n ],\n [\n -87.4676513671875,\n 44.484749436619964\n ],\n [\n -87.7313232421875,\n 44.484749436619964\n ],\n [\n -87.7313232421875,\n 43.74530493763506\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8505 Research Way
Middleton, WI 53562

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"publishedDate":"2017-12-22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fae1e4b06e28e9c228cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olds, Hayley T. 0000-0002-6701-6459 htemplar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6701-6459","contributorId":5002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olds","given":"Hayley T.","email":"htemplar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":719231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scudder Eikenberry, Barbara C. 0000-0001-8058-1201 beikenberry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8058-1201","contributorId":199470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scudder Eikenberry","given":"Barbara","email":"beikenberry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burns, Daniel J. 0000-0002-2305-6117 dburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2305-6117","contributorId":5001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Daniel J.","email":"dburns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bell, Amanda H. 0000-0002-7199-2145 ahbell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-2145","contributorId":1752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"Amanda","email":"ahbell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70194811,"text":"sir20175129 - 2017 - The 2014 eruptions of Pavlof Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-22T10:51:38","indexId":"sir20175129","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5129","title":"The 2014 eruptions of Pavlof Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"

Pavlof Volcano is one of the most frequently active volcanoes in the Aleutian Island arc, having erupted more than 40 times since observations were first recorded in the early 1800s . The volcano is located on the Alaska Peninsula (lat 55.4173° N, long 161.8937° W), near Izembek National Wildlife Refuge. The towns and villages closest to the volcano are Cold Bay, Nelson Lagoon, Sand Point, and King Cove, which are all within 90 kilometers (km) of the volcano (fig. 1). Pavlof is a symmetrically shaped stratocone that is 2,518 meters (m) high, and has about 2,300 m of relief. The volcano supports a cover of glacial ice and perennial snow roughly 2 to 4 cubic kilometers (km3) in volume, which is mantled by variable amounts of tephra fall, rockfall debris, and pyroclastic-flow deposits produced during historical eruptions. Typical Pavlof eruptions are characterized by moderate amounts of ash emission, lava fountaining, spatter-fed lava flows, explosions, and the accumulation of unstable mounds of spatter on the upper flanks of the volcano. The accumulation and subsequent collapse of spatter piles on the upper flanks of the volcano creates hot granular avalanches, which erode and melt snow and ice, and thereby generate watery debris-flow and hyperconcentrated-flow lahars.

Seismic instruments were first installed on Pavlof Volcano in the early 1970s, and since then eruptive episodes have been better characterized and specific processes have been documented with greater certainty. The application of remote sensing techniques, including the use of infrasound data, has also aided the study of more recent eruptions. Although Pavlof Volcano is located in a remote part of Alaska, it is visible from Cold Bay, Sand Point, and Nelson Lagoon, making distal observations of eruptive activity possible, weather permitting. A busy air-travel corridor that is utilized by a numerous transcontinental and regional air carriers passes near Pavlof Volcano. The frequency of air travel across the region results in a relatively large number of airborne observations of eruptive activity. During the 2014 Pavlof eruptions, the Alaska Volcano Observatory received observations and photographs from pilots and local observers, which aided evaluation of the eruptive activity and the areas affected by eruptive products.

This report outlines the chronology of events associated with the 2014 eruptive activity at Pavlof Volcano, provides documentation of the style and character of the eruptive episodes, and reports briefly on the eruptive products and impacts. The principal observations are described and portrayed on maps and photographs, and the 2014 eruptive activity is compared to historical eruptions.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175129","usgsCitation":"Waythomas, C.F., Haney, M.M., Wallace, K.L., Cameron, C.E., and Schneider, D.J., 2017, The 2014 eruptions of Pavlof Volcano, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017-5129, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175129. ","productDescription":"vi, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-075355","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350485,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5129/sir20175129_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"40 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2017-5129"},{"id":350486,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5129/sir20175129_appendix2a.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2A","size":"40 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2017-5129"},{"id":350487,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5129/sir20175129_appendix2b.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2B","size":"150 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2017-5129"},{"id":350186,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5129/sir20175129.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2017-5129"},{"id":350185,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5129/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Pavlof Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.2,\n 55.25\n ],\n [\n -161.7,\n 55.25\n ],\n [\n -161.7,\n 55.547280698640805\n ],\n [\n -162.2,\n 55.547280698640805\n ],\n [\n -162.2,\n 55.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Alaska Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Drive
Anchorage, AK 99508

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2017-12-22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fae1e4b06e28e9c228d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waythomas, Christopher F. 0000-0002-3898-272X cwaythomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-272X","contributorId":640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"Christopher","email":"cwaythomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haney, Matthew M. mhaney@usgs.gov","contributorId":2943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"Matthew","email":"mhaney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallace, Kristi L. 0000-0002-0962-048X kwallace@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0962-048X","contributorId":3454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Kristi","email":"kwallace@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cameron, Cheryl E.","contributorId":37421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cameron","given":"Cheryl E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schneider, David J. 0000-0001-9092-1054 djschneider@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9092-1054","contributorId":633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"David","email":"djschneider@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}