Analyses of samples of untreated ground water from 413 community-, non-community- (such as restaurants), and domestic-supply wells throughout the US were used to determine the frequency of detection of halogenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in drinking-water sources. The VOC data were compiled from archived chromatograms of samples analyzed originally for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) by purge-and-trap gas chromatography with an electron-capture detector (GC-ECD). Concentrations of the VOCs could not be ascertained because standards were not routinely analyzed for VOCs other than trichloromonofluoromethane (CFC-11), dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12) and 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113). Nevertheless, the peak areas associated with the elution times of other VOCs on the chromatograms can be classified qualitatively to assess concentrations at a detection limit on the order of parts per quadrillion. Three or more VOCs were detected in 100% (percent) of the chromatograms, and 77.2% of the samples contained 10 or more VOCs. The maximum number of VOCs detected in any sample was 24. Modeled ground-water residence times, determined from concentrations of CFC-12, were used to assess historical trends in the cumulative occurrence of all VOCs detected in this analysis, as well as the occurrence of individual VOCs, such as CFC-11, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), chloroform and tetrachloroethene (PCE). The detection frequency for all of the VOCs detected has remained relatively constant from approximately 1940 to 2000; however, the magnitude of the peak areas on the chromatograms for the VOCs in the water samples has increased from 1940 to 2000. For CFC-11, CCl4, chloroform and PCE, small peaks decrease from 1940 to 2000, and large peaks increase from 1940 to 2000. The increase in peak areas on the chromatograms from analyses of more recently recharged water is consistent with reported increases in atmospheric concentrations of the VOCs. Approximately 44% and 6.7% of the CCl4 and PCE detections, respectively, in pre-1940 water, and 68% and 62% of the CCl4 and PCE detections, respectively, in water recharged in 2000 exceed solubility equilibrium with average atmospheric concentrations. These exceedences can be attributed to local atmospheric enrichment or direct contaminant input to ground-water flow systems. The detection of VOCs at concentrations indicative of atmospheric sources in 100% of the samples indicates that untreated drinking water from ground-water sources in the US recharged within the past 60 years has been affected by anthropogenic activity. Additional inputs from a variety of sources such as spills, underground injections and leaking landfills or storage tanks increasingly are providing additional sources of contamination to ground water used as drinking-water sources.
The proportion of chloroacetanilide herbicide degradates, specifically the ethane sulfonic (ESA) and oxanilic (OA) acids, averaged 70% of the total herbicide concentration in samples from the Upper Mississippi River. In samples from the Missouri River and the Ohio River, the proportion of chloroacetanilide degradates in the total herbicide concentration was much less, 24% and 41%, respectively. The amount of tile drainage throughout the Mississippi River Basin appeared to be related to the occurrence and distribution of chloroacetanilide degradates in water samples. Pesticide concentrations in streams of the Mississippi River Basin have been well characterized. However, recent research demonstrates that in order to more fully understand the fate and transport of pesticides, the major pesticide degradates need to be included in the analysis. From March 1999 through May 2001, water samples from four major junctures of the Mississippi River Basin were collected and analyzed for a suite of herbicides and their degradate compounds. Each sampling site was selected to represent a major part of the Mississippi River: upper and lower Mississippi, Missouri and Ohio Rivers. Each basin has unique landscape variables, geology, hydrology, precipitation, and land use, which is reflected in the pesticide content at the most downstream sample site near the mouth of the Mississippi River. Atrazine was the most frequently detected herbicide (detected in 97% of the samples), followed by metolachlor (60%), and acetochlor (31%). The most frequently detected degradates were metolachlor ESA (69%), followed by deethylatrazine (62%), metolachlor OA (37%), and alachlor ESA (37%). Metolachlor ESA was detected more frequently than its parent compound (69 vs. 60%), as was alachlor ESA (37 vs. 9%). After an improvement was made in the analytical method, metolachlor ESA was detected in every sample, metolachlor OA in 89% of the samples, alachlor ESA in 84%, acetochlor ESA in 71%, and acetochlor OA in 66%.
Bacteria in soil microcosm experiments oxidized elevated levels of methyl chloride (MeCl) and methyl bromide (MeBr), the former compound more rapidly than the latter. MeBr was also removed by chemical reactions while MeCl was not. Chemical degradation dominated the early removal of MeBr and accounted for more than half of its total loss. Fractionation of stable carbon isotopes during chemical degradation of MeBr resulted in a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of 59 ± 7‰. Soil bacterial oxidation dominated the later removal of MeBr and MeCl and was characterized by different KIEs for each compound. The KIE for MeBr oxidation was 69 ± 9‰ and the KIE for MeCl oxidation was 49 ± 3‰. Stable isotope probing revealed that different populations of soil bacteria assimilated added 13C-labeled MeBr and MeCl. The identity of the active MeBr and MeCl degrading bacteria in soil was determined by analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences amplified from 13C-DNA fractions, which identified a number of sequences from organisms not previously thought to be involved in methyl halide degradation. These included Burkholderia, the major clone type in the 13C-MeBr fraction, and Rhodobacter, Lysobacter and Nocardioides the major clone types in the 13C-MeCl fraction. None of the 16S rRNA gene sequences for methyl halide oxidizing bacteria currently in culture (including Aminobacter strain IMB-1 isolated from fumigated soil) were identified. Functional gene clone types closely related to Aminobacter spp. were identified in libraries containing the sequences for the cmuA gene, which codes for the enzyme known to catalyze the initial step in the oxidation of MeBr and MeCl. The cmuA gene was limited to members of the alpha-Proteobacteria whereas the greater diversity demonstrated by the 16S rRNA gene may indicate that other enzymes catalyze methyl halide oxidation in different groups of bacteria.
The calibration of a groundwater model with the aid of hydrochemical data has demonstrated that low recharge rates in the Middle Rio Grande Basin may be responsible for a groundwater trough in the center of the basin and for a substantial amount of Rio Grande water in the regional flow system. Earlier models of the basin had difficulty reproducing these features without any hydrochemical data to constrain the rates and distribution of recharge. The objective of this study was to use the large quantity of available hydrochemical data to help calibrate the model parameters, including the recharge rates. The model was constructed using the US Geological Survey's software MODFLOW, MODPATH, and UCODE, and calibrated using 14C activities and the positions of certain flow zones defined by the hydrochemical data. Parameter estimation was performed using a combination of nonlinear regression techniques and a manual search for the minimum difference between field and simulated observations. The calibrated recharge values were substantially smaller than those used in previous models. Results from a 30,000-year transient simulation suggest that recharge was at a maximum about 20,000 years ago and at a minimum about 10,000 years ago.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-004-0326-4","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Sanford, W., Plummer, N., McAda, D.P., Bexfield, L.M., and Anderholm, S., 2004, Hydrochemical tracers in the middle Rio Grande Basin, USA: 2. Calibration of a groundwater-flow model: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 12, no. 4, p. 389-407, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0326-4.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"407","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208523,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0326-4"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":" Rio Grande Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.599609375,\n 22.917922936146045\n ],\n [\n -96.94335937499999,\n 22.917922936146045\n ],\n [\n -96.94335937499999,\n 36.1733569352216\n ],\n [\n -109.599609375,\n 36.1733569352216\n ],\n [\n -109.599609375,\n 22.917922936146045\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3332e4b0c8380cd5edf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, W. E. 0000-0002-6624-0280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":102112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":410559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAda, D. P.","contributorId":93066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAda","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bexfield, L. M.","contributorId":36593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderholm, S. K.","contributorId":69149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderholm","given":"S. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":410558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026903,"text":"70026903 - 2004 - Tire-wear particles as a source of zinc to the environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:45:28","indexId":"70026903","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tire-wear particles as a source of zinc to the environment","docAbstract":"Tire-tread material has a zinc (Zn) content of about 1 wt %. The quantity of tread material lost to road surfaces by abrasion has not been well characterized. Two approaches were used to assess the magnitude of this nonpoint source of Zn in the U.S. for the period 1936−1999. In the first approach, tread-wear rates from the automotive engineering literature were used in conjunction with vehicle distance-driven data from the U.S. Department of Transportation to determine Zn releases. A second approach calculated this source term from the volume of tread lost during lifetime tire wear. These analyses showed that the quantity of Zn released by tire wear in the mid-1990s was of the same magnitude as that released from waste incineration. For 1999, the quantity of Zn released by tire wear in the U.S. is estimated to be 10 000−11 000 metric tons. A specific case study focused on Zn sources and sinks in an urban−suburban watershed (Lake Anne) in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area for a time period of the late 1990s. The atmospheric flux of total Zn (wet deposition) to the watershed was 2 μg/cm2/yr. The flux of Zn to the watershed estimated from tire wear was 42 μg/cm2/yr. The measured accumulation rate of total Zn in age-dated sediment cores from Lake Anne was 27 μg/cm2/yr. These data suggest that tire-wear Zn inputs to urban−suburban watersheds can be significantly greater than atmospheric inputs, although the watershed appears to retain appreciable quantities of vehicular Zn inputs.
No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Pacific Climate Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Twentieth Annual Pacific Climate Workshop","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D., Smith, R., Hager, S., Cayan, D., and Dettinger, M., 2004, Air temperature and snowmelt discharge characteristics, Merced River at Happy Isles, Yosemite National Park, Central Sierra Nevada, in Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Pacific Climate Workshop, p. 53-64.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"64","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325914,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.02783203125,\n 44.32384807250689\n ],\n [\n -109.75341796875,\n 44.32384807250689\n ],\n [\n -109.75341796875,\n 44.972570682240644\n ],\n [\n -111.02783203125,\n 44.972570682240644\n ],\n [\n -111.02783203125,\n 44.32384807250689\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a1c42ce4b006cb45552bec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, D.","contributorId":173320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R.","contributorId":83874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hager, S.","contributorId":24980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cayan, D.","contributorId":49563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dettinger, M. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":78909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":87276,"text":"87276 - 2004 - Riparian ecosystem assessments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-16T14:52:04.447495","indexId":"87276","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"15","title":"Riparian ecosystem assessments","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Riparian areas of the southwestern United States: Hydrology, ecology, and management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","usgsCitation":"Stromberg, J., Briggs, M., Scott, M., and Shafroth, P., 2004, Riparian ecosystem assessments, chap. 15 of Riparian areas of the southwestern United States: Hydrology, ecology, and management, p. 315-331.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"331","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267796,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.1201/9780203497753/riparian-areas-southwestern-united-states-malchus-baker-peter-ffolliott-leonard-debano-daniel-neary?refId=7bb56f47-5076-4ad1-bc8c-c58688acdbdb&context=ubx","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a11e4b07f02db600359","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Baker, M. B.","contributorId":76068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504897,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ffolliott, P. F.","contributorId":111494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ffolliott","given":"P. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504898,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeBano, L. F.","contributorId":113392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBano","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504900,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neary, D. G.","contributorId":112363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neary","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504899,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Stromberg, J.","contributorId":28921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stromberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, M.","contributorId":89830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, M.","contributorId":62173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shafroth, P.","contributorId":98665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027684,"text":"70027684 - 2004 - The Journey from Safe Yield to Sustainability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:49","indexId":"70027684","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Journey from Safe Yield to Sustainability","docAbstract":"Safe-yield concepts historically focused attention on the economic and legal aspects of ground water development. Sustainability concerns have brought environmental aspects more to the forefront and have resulted in a more integrated outlook. Water resources sustainability is not a purely scientific concept, but rather a perspective that can frame scientific analysis. The evolving concept of sustainability presents a challenge to hydrologists to translate complex, and sometimes vague, socioeconomic and political questions into technical questions that can be quantified systematically. Hydrologists can contribute to sustainable water resources management by presenting the longer-term implications of ground water development as an integral part of their analyses.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02446.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Alley, W., and Leake, S.A., 2004, The Journey from Safe Yield to Sustainability: Ground Water, v. 42, no. 1, p. 12-16, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02446.x.","startPage":"12","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210940,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02446.x"},{"id":238028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba791e4b08c986b321653","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alley, W.M.","contributorId":6853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leake, S. A.","contributorId":52164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027685,"text":"70027685 - 2004 - Using fish communities to assess streams in Romania: Initial development of an index of biotic integrity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:49","indexId":"70027685","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using fish communities to assess streams in Romania: Initial development of an index of biotic integrity","docAbstract":"Multimetric biotic indices increasingly are used to complement physicochemical data in assessments of stream quality. We initiated development of multimetric indices, based on fish communities, to assess biotic integrity of streams in two physiographic regions of central Romania. Unlike previous efforts to develop such indices for European streams, our metrics and scoring criteria were selected largely on the basis of empirical relations in the regions of interest. We categorised 54 fish species with respect to ten natural-history attributes, then used this information to compute 32 candidate metrics of five types (taxonomic, tolerance, abundance, reproductive, and feeding) for each of 35 sites. We assessed the utility of candidate metrics for detecting anthropogenic impact based on three criteria: (a) range of values taken, (b) relation to a site-quality index (SQI), which incorporated information on hydrologic alteration, channel alteration, land-use intensity, and water chemistry, and (c) metric redundancy. We chose seven metrics from each region to include in preliminary multimetric indices (PMIs). Both PMIs included taxonomic, tolerance, and feeding metrics, but only two metrics were common to both PMIs. Although we could not validate our PMIs, their strong association with the SQI in each region suggests that such indices would be valuable tools for assessing stream quality and could provide more comprehensive assessments than the traditional approaches based solely on water chemistry.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/B:HYDR.0000014030.18386.65","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Angermeier, P., and Davideanu, G., 2004, Using fish communities to assess streams in Romania: Initial development of an index of biotic integrity: Hydrobiologia, v. 511, p. 65-78, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000014030.18386.65.","startPage":"65","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210941,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000014030.18386.65"},{"id":238029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"511","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc04fe4b08c986b32a054","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Angermeier, P. L. 0000-0003-2864-170X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":6410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davideanu, G.","contributorId":105522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davideanu","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027199,"text":"70027199 - 2004 - Distribution of total and methyl mercury in sediments along Steamboat Creek (Nevada, USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T09:23:44","indexId":"70027199","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of total and methyl mercury in sediments along Steamboat Creek (Nevada, USA)","docAbstract":"In the late 1800s, mills in the Washoe Lake area, Nevada, used elemental mercury to remove gold and silver from the ores of the Comstock deposit. Since that time, mercury contaminated waste has been distributed from Washoe Lake, down Steamboat Creek, and to the Truckee River. The creek has high mercury concentrations in both water and sediments, and continues to be a constant source of mercury to the Truckee River. The objective of this study was to determine concentrations of total and methyl mercury (MeHg) in surface sediments and characterize their spatial distribution in the Steamboat Creek watershed. Total mercury concentrations measured in channel and bank sediments did not decrease downstream, indicating that mercury contamination has been distributed along the creek's length. Total mercury concentrations in sediments (0.01–21.43 μg/g) were one to two orders of magnitude higher than those in pristine systems. At 14 out of 17 sites, MeHg concentrations in streambank sediments were higher than the concentrations in the channel, suggesting that low banks with wet sediments might be important sites of mercury methylation in this system. Both pond/wetland and channel sites exhibited high potential for mercury methylation (6.4–30.0 ng g−1 day−1). Potential methylation rates were positively correlated with sulfate reduction rates, and decreased as a function of reduced sulfur and MeHg concentration in the sediments. Potential demethylation rate appeared not to be influenced by MeHg concentration, sulfur chemistry, DOC, sediment grain size or other parameters, and showed little variation across the sites (3.7–7.4 ng g−1 day−1).
The hydrology of marsh ponds influences aquatic invertebrate and waterbird communities. Hydrologic variables in marsh ponds of the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain are potentially affected by structural marsh management (SMM: levees, water control structures and impoundments) that has been implemented since the 1950s. Assuming that SMM restricts tidal flows and drainage of rainwater, we predicted that SMM would increase water depth, and concomitantly decrease salinity and transparency in impounded marsh ponds. We also predicted that SMM would increase seasonal variability in water depth in impounded marsh ponds because of the potential incapacity of water control structures to cope with large flooding events. In addition, we predicted that SMM would decrease spatial variability in water depth. Finally, we predicted that ponds of impounded freshwater (IF), oligohaline (IO), and mesohaline (IM) marshes would be similar in water depth, temperature, dissolved oxygen (O2), and transparency. Using a priori multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) contrast, we tested these predictions by comparing hydrologic variables within ponds of impounded and unimpounded marshes during winters 1997-1998 to 1999-2000 on Rockefeller State Wildlife Refuge, near Grand Chenier, Louisiana. Specifically, we compared hydrologic variables (1) between IM and unimpounded mesohaline marsh ponds (UM); and (2) among IF, IO, and IM marshes ponds. As predicted, water depth was higher and salinity and O2 were lower in IM than in UM marsh ponds. However, temperature and transparency did not differ between IM and UM marsh ponds. Water depth varied more among months in IM marsh ponds than within those of UM marshes, and variances among and within ponds were lower in IM than UM marshes. Finally, all hydrologic variables, except salinity, were similar among IF, IO, and IM marsh ponds. Hydrologic changes within marsh ponds due to SMM should (1) promote benthic invertebrate taxa that tolerate low levels of O2 and salinity; (2) deter waterbird species that cannot cope with increased water levels; and (3) reduce waterbird species diversity by decreasing spatial variability in water depth among and within marsh ponds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/meps266035","usgsCitation":"Bolduc, F., and Afton, A., 2004, Hydrologic aspects of marsh ponds during winter on the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain, USA: Effects of structural marsh management: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 266, p. 35-42, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps266035.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"42","costCenters":[{"id":368,"text":"Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487480,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps266035","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","city":"Grand Chenier","otherGeospatial":"Rockefeller State Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.04595947265625,\n 29.709524917923563\n ],\n [\n -92.90657043457031,\n 29.709524917923563\n ],\n [\n -92.90657043457031,\n 29.791792350311347\n ],\n [\n -93.04595947265625,\n 29.791792350311347\n ],\n [\n -93.04595947265625,\n 29.709524917923563\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"266","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a356de4b0c8380cd5fef4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bolduc, F.","contributorId":76444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolduc","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027124,"text":"70027124 - 2004 - A biogeochemical comparison of two well-buffered catchments with contrasting histories of acid deposition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T09:07:32","indexId":"70027124","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3729,"text":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution: Focus","onlineIssn":"1573-2940","printIssn":"1567-7230","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A biogeochemical comparison of two well-buffered catchments with contrasting histories of acid deposition","docAbstract":"Much of the biogeochemical cycling research in catchments in the past 25 years has been driven by acid deposition research funding. This research has focused on vulnerable base-poor systems; catchments on alkaline lithologies have received little attention. In regions of high acid loadings, however, even well-buffered catchments are susceptible to forest decline and episodes of low alkalinity in streamwater. As part of a collaboration between the Czech and U.S. Geological Surveys, we compared biogeochemical patterns in two well-studied, well-buffered catchments: Pluhuv Bor in the western Czech Republic, which has received high loading of atmospheric acidity, and Sleepers River Research Watershed in Vermont, U.S.A., where acid loading has been considerably less. Despite differences in lithology, wetness, forest type, and glacial history, the catchments displayed similar patterns of solute concentrations and flow. At both catchments, base cation and alkalinity diluted with increasing flow, whereas nitrate and dissolved organic carbon increased with increasing flow. Sulfate diluted with increasing flow at Sleepers River, while at Pluhuv Bor the sulfate-flow relation shifted from positive to negative as atmospheric sulfur (S) loadings decreased and soil S pools were depleted during the 1990s. At high flow, alkalinity decreased to near 100 μeq L-1 at Pluhuv Bor compared to 400 μeq L-1 at Sleepers River. Despite the large amounts of S flushed from Pluhuv Bor soils, these alkalinity declines were caused solely by dilution, which was greater at Pluhuv Bor relative to Sleepers River due to greater contributions from shallow flow paths at high flow. Although the historical high S loading at Pluhuv Bor has caused soil acidification and possible forest damage, it has had little effect on the acid/base status of streamwater in this well-buffered catchment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/B:WAFO.0000028363.48348.a4","issn":"15677230","usgsCitation":"Shanley, J.B., Kram, P., Hruska, J., and Bullen, T., 2004, A biogeochemical comparison of two well-buffered catchments with contrasting histories of acid deposition: Water, Air, and Soil Pollution: Focus, v. 4, no. 2-3, p. 325-342, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:WAFO.0000028363.48348.a4.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"342","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209322,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:WAFO.0000028363.48348.a4"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e327e4b0c8380cd45e48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanley, J. B.","contributorId":52226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kram, P.","contributorId":84549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kram","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hruska, J.","contributorId":84136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hruska","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027123,"text":"70027123 - 2004 - Observed and simulated ground motions in the San Bernardino basin region for the Hector Mine, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-12T11:42:23.731087","indexId":"70027123","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observed and simulated ground motions in the San Bernardino basin region for the Hector Mine, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"During the MW 7.1 Hector Mine earthquake, peak ground velocities recorded at sites in the central San Bernardino basin region were up to 2 times larger and had significantly longer durations of strong shaking than sites just outside the basin. To better understand the effects of 3D structure on the long-period ground-motion response in this region, we have performed finite-difference simulations for this earthquake. The simulations are numerically accurate for periods of 2 sec and longer and incorporate the detailed spatial and temporal heterogeneity of source rupture, as well as complex 3D basin structure. Here, we analyze three models of the San Bernardino basin: model A (with structural constraints from gravity and seismic reflection data), model F (water well and seismic refraction data), and the Southern California Earthquake Center version 3 model (hydrologic and seismic refraction data). Models A and F are characterized by a gradual increase in sediment thickness toward the south with an abrupt step-up in the basement surface across the San Jacinto fault. The basin structure in the SCEC version 3 model has a nearly uniform sediment thickness of 1 km with little basement topography along the San Jacinto fault. In models A and F, we impose a layered velocity structure within the sediments based on the seismic refraction data and an assumed depth-dependent Vp/Vs ratio. Sediment velocities within the SCEC version 3 model are given by a smoothly varying rule-based function that is calibrated to the seismic refraction measurements. Due to computational limitations, the minimum shear-wave velocity is fixed at 600 m/sec in all of the models. Ground-motion simulations for both models A and F provide a reasonably good match to the amplitude and waveform characteristics of the recorded motions. In these models, surface waves are generated as energy enters the basin through the gradually sloping northern margin. Due to the basement step along the San Jacinto fault, the surface wave energy is confined to the region north of this structure, consistent with the observations. The SCEC version 3 model, lacking the basin geometry complexity present in the other two models, fails to provide a satisfactory match to the characteristics of the observed motions. Our study demonstrates the importance of using detailed and accurate basin geometry for predicting ground motions and also highlights the utility of integrating geological, geophysical, and seismological observations in the development and validation of 3D velocity models.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120030025","usgsCitation":"Graves, R., and Wald, D., 2004, Observed and simulated ground motions in the San Bernardino basin region for the Hector Mine, California, earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, no. 1, p. 131-146, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030025.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"146","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Bernardino basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.333984375,\n 33.94335994657882\n ],\n [\n -114.47753906249999,\n 33.687781758439364\n ],\n [\n -114.2138671875,\n 34.27083595165\n ],\n [\n -114.5654296875,\n 34.77771580360469\n ],\n [\n -115.3564453125,\n 35.639441068973944\n ],\n [\n -116.6748046875,\n 35.746512259918504\n ],\n [\n -117.333984375,\n 33.94335994657882\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ae9e4b0c8380cd743fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graves, R.W. 0000-0001-9758-453X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9758-453X","contributorId":77691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, D.J. 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":43809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027120,"text":"70027120 - 2004 - Influence of natural organic matter source on copper speciation as demonstrated by Cu binding to fish gills, by ion selective electrode, and by DGT gel sampler","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T16:41:09","indexId":"70027120","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of natural organic matter source on copper speciation as demonstrated by Cu binding to fish gills, by ion selective electrode, and by DGT gel sampler","docAbstract":"Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, 2 g) were exposed to 0−5 μM total copper in ion-poor water for 3 h in the presence or absence of 10 mg C/L of qualitatively different natural organic matter (NOM) derived from water spanning a large gradient in hydrologic residence time. Accumulation of Cu by trout gills was compared to Cu speciation determined by ion selective electrode (ISE) and by diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) gel sampler technology. The presence of NOM decreased Cu uptake by trout gills as well as Cu concentrations determined by ISE and DGT. Furthermore, the source of NOM influenced Cu binding by trout gills with high-color, allochthonous NOM decreasing Cu accumulation by the gills more than low-color autochthonous NOM. The pattern of Cu binding to the NOM measured by Cu ISE and by Cu accumulation by DGT samplers was similar to the fish gill results. A simple Cu−gill binding model required an NOM Cu-binding factor (F) that depended on NOM quality to account for observed Cu accumulation by trout gills; values of F varied by a factor of 2. Thus, NOM metal-binding quality, as well as NOM quantity, are both important when assessing the bioavailability of metals such as Cu to aquatic organisms.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es030566y","usgsCitation":"Luider, C., Crusius, J., Playle, R., and Curtis, P., 2004, Influence of natural organic matter source on copper speciation as demonstrated by Cu binding to fish gills, by ion selective electrode, and by DGT gel sampler: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, no. 10, p. 2865-2872, https://doi.org/10.1021/es030566y.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2865","endPage":"2872","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b5ce4b0c8380cd6246d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luider, C.D.","contributorId":108298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luider","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":412418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Playle, R.C.","contributorId":98092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Playle","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Curtis, P.J.","contributorId":23737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027115,"text":"70027115 - 2004 - Drainage effects on stream nitrate-N and hydrology in south-central Minnesota (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:26","indexId":"70027115","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drainage effects on stream nitrate-N and hydrology in south-central Minnesota (USA)","docAbstract":"Excessive nitrate-N in south-central Minnesota ditches and streams is related to land-use change, and may be contributing to the development of the zone of hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. Intensive land-use (agricultural management) has progressively increased as subsurface drainage has improved crop productivity over the past 25 years. We have examined water at varying scales for ??18O and, nitrate-N concentrations. Additionally, analysis of annual peak flows, and channel geomorphic features provided a measure of hydrologic change. Laboratory and field results indicate that agricultural drainage has influenced riverine source waters, concentrations of nitrate-N, channel dimensions and hydrology in the Blue Earth River (BER) Basin. At the mouth of the BER shallow ground water comprises the largest source water component. The highest nitrate-N concentrations in the BER and tributaries typically occurred in May and June and ranged from 7-34 mg L-1. Peak flows for the 1.01-2-yr recurrence intervals increased by 20-to-206% over the past 25 years. Geomorphic data suggest that small channels (ditches) were entrenched by design, whereas, natural channels incised. Increased frequent peak flows in the BER have created laterally confined channels that are disconnected from an accessible riparian corridor. Frequent access to a functioning riparian zone is important for denitrification.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/B:EMAS.0000009235.50413.42","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Magner, J., Payne, G.A., and Steffen, J., 2004, Drainage effects on stream nitrate-N and hydrology in south-central Minnesota (USA): Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 91, no. 1-3, p. 183-198, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EMAS.0000009235.50413.42.","startPage":"183","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209225,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:EMAS.0000009235.50413.42"},{"id":235483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03d0e4b0c8380cd5066f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Magner, J.A.","contributorId":26413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magner","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Payne, G. A.","contributorId":62190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steffen, J.","contributorId":93679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steffen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027098,"text":"70027098 - 2004 - Use of medium-range numerical weather prediction model output to produce forecasts of streamflow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-22T15:27:56.250143","indexId":"70027098","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of medium-range numerical weather prediction model output to produce forecasts of streamflow","docAbstract":"This paper examines an archive containing over 40 years of 8-day atmospheric forecasts over the contiguous United States from the NCEP reanalysis project to assess the possibilities for using medium-range numerical weather prediction model output for predictions of streamflow. This analysis shows the biases in the NCEP forecasts to be quite extreme. In many regions, systematic precipitation biases exceed 100% of the mean, with temperature biases exceeding 3°C. In some locations, biases are even higher. The accuracy of NCEP precipitation and 2-m maximum temperature forecasts is computed by interpolating the NCEP model output for each forecast day to the location of each station in the NWS cooperative network and computing the correlation with station observations. Results show that the accuracy of the NCEP forecasts is rather low in many areas of the country. Most apparent is the generally low skill in precipitation forecasts (particularly in July) and low skill in temperature forecasts in the western United States, the eastern seaboard, and the southern tier of states. These results outline a clear need for additional processing of the NCEP Medium-Range Forecast Model (MRF) output before it is used for hydrologic predictions. Techniques of model output statistics (MOS) are used in this paper to downscale the NCEP forecasts to station locations. Forecasted atmospheric variables (e.g., total column precipitable water, 2-m air temperature) are used as predictors in a forward screening multiple linear regression model to improve forecasts of precipitation and temperature for stations in the National Weather Service cooperative network. This procedure effectively removes all systematic biases in the raw NCEP precipitation and temperature forecasts. MOS guidance also results in substantial improvements in the accuracy of maximum and minimum temperature forecasts throughout the country. For precipitation, forecast improvements were less impressive. MOS guidance increases he accuracy of precipitation forecasts over the northeastern United States, but overall, the accuracy of MOS-based precipitation forecasts is slightly lower than the raw NCEP forecasts. Four basins in the United States were chosen as case studies to evaluate the value of MRF output for predictions of streamflow. Streamflow forecasts using MRF output were generated for one rainfall-dominated basin (Alapaha River at Statenville, Georgia) and three snowmelt-dominated basins (Animas River at Durango, Colorado: East Fork of the Carson River near Gardnerville, Nevada: and Cle Elum River near Roslyn, Washington). Hydrologic model output forced with measured-station data were used as \"truth\" to focus attention on the hydrologic effects of errors in the MRF forecasts. Eight-day streamflow forecasts produced using the MOS-corrected MRF output as input (MOS) were compared with those produced using the climatic Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP) technique. MOS-based streamflow forecasts showed increased skill in the snowmelt-dominated river basins, where daily variations in streamflow are strongly forced by temperature. In contrast, the skill of MOS forecasts in the rainfall-dominated basin (the Alapaha River) were equivalent to the skill of the ESP forecasts. Further improvements in streamflow forecasts require more accurate local-scale forecasts of precipitation and temperature, more accurate specification of basin initial conditions, and more accurate model simulations of streamflow.
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projected hydrologic changes in the San Francisco Estuary and watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:15:51","indexId":"70027095","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elevational dependence of projected hydrologic changes in the San Francisco Estuary and watershed","docAbstract":"California's primary hydrologic system, the San Francisco Estuary and its upstream watershed, is vulnerable to the regional hydrologic consequences of projected global climate change. Previous work has shown that a projected warming would result in a reduction of snowpack storage leading to higher winter and lower spring-summer streamflows and increased spring-summer salinities in the estuary. The present work shows that these hydrologic changes exhibit a strong dependence on elevation, with the greatest loss of snowpack volume in the 1300–2700 m elevation range. Exploiting hydrologic and estuarine modeling capabilities to trace water as it moves through the system reveals that the shift of water in mid-elevations of the Sacramento river basin from snowmelt to rainfall runoff is the dominant cause of projected changes in estuarine inflows and salinity. Additionally, although spring-summer losses of estuarine inflows are balanced by winter gains, the losses have a stronger influence on salinity since longer spring-summer residence times allow the inflow changes to accumulate in the estuary. The changes in inflows sourced in the Sacramento River basin in approximately the 1300–2200 m elevation range thereby lead to a net increase in estuarine salinity under the projected warming. Such changes would impact ecosystems throughout the watershed and threaten to contaminate much of California's freshwater supply.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/B:CLIM.0000013696.14308.b9","issn":"01650009","usgsCitation":"Knowles, N., and Cayan, D., 2004, Elevational dependence of projected hydrologic changes in the San Francisco Estuary and watershed: Climatic Change, v. 62, no. 1-3, p. 319-336, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CLIM.0000013696.14308.b9.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"336","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208982,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:CLIM.0000013696.14308.b9"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Estuary","volume":"62","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08cfe4b0c8380cd51ca4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knowles, N.","contributorId":61212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":412332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70027079,"text":"70027079 - 2004 - Hydrologic variability, water chemistry, and phytoplankton biomass in a large flood plain of the Sacramento River, CA, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T09:36:54","indexId":"70027079","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic variability, water chemistry, and phytoplankton biomass in a large flood plain of the Sacramento River, CA, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The Yolo Bypass, a large, managed floodplain that discharges to the headwaters of the San Francisco Estuary, was studied before, during, and after a single, month-long inundation by the Sacramento River in winter and spring 2000. The primary objective was to identify hydrologic conditions and other factors that enhance production of phytoplankton biomass in the floodplain waters. Recent reductions in phytoplankton have limited secondary production in the river and estuary, and increased phytoplankton biomass is a restoration objective for this system. Chlorophyll a was used as a measure of phytoplankton biomass in this study. Chlorophyll a concentrations were low (<4 μg l−1) during inundation by the river when flow through the floodplain was high, but concentrations rapidly increased as river inflow decreased and the floodplain drained. Therefore, hydrologic conditions in the weeks following inundation by river inflow appeared most important for producing phytoplankton biomass in the floodplain. Discharges from local streams were important sources of water to the floodplain before and after inundation by the river, and they supplied dissolved inorganic nutrients while chlorophyll a was increasing. Discharge from the floodplain was enriched in chlorophyll arelative to downstream locations in the river and estuary during the initial draining and later when local stream inflows produced brief discharge pulses. Based on the observation that phytoplankton biomass peaks during drainage events, we suggest that phytoplankton production in the floodplain and biomass transport to downstream locations would be higher in years with multiple inundation and draining sequences.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/B:hydr.0000018178.85404.1c","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Schemel, L., Sommer, T., Muller-Solger, A.B., and Harrell, W., 2004, Hydrologic variability, water chemistry, and phytoplankton biomass in a large flood plain of the Sacramento River, CA, U.S.A.: Hydrobiologia, v. 513, p. 129-139, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:hydr.0000018178.85404.1c.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"139","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209168,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:hydr.0000018178.85404.1c"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento River","volume":"513","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3695e4b0c8380cd60824","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schemel, L. E.","contributorId":89529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"L. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sommer, T.R.","contributorId":30014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sommer","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muller-Solger, A. B.","contributorId":25333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller-Solger","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harrell, W.C.","contributorId":7481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrell","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027033,"text":"70027033 - 2004 - Changes in the proportion of precipitation occurring as snow in New England (1949-2000)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70027033","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in the proportion of precipitation occurring as snow in New England (1949-2000)","docAbstract":"The ratio of snow to total precipitation (S/P) is a hydrologic indicator that is sensitive to climate variability and can be used to detect and monitor hydrologic responses to climatic change. Changes in S/P ratio over time could influence the magnitude and timing of spring runoff and recession to summer baseflow. The S/P ratio for 21 U.S. Historical Climatology Network sites in New England was examined. Eleven out of twenty-one sites in New England had significant decreasing annual S/P ratios from 1949 to 2000. Annual trends in S/P are predominantly a result of decreasing snowfall, and to a lesser extent, increasing rainfall. The most consistent trends were in northernmost New England where all four sites had decreasing ratios, and in the coastal and near-coastal areas where five out of eight sites had significantly decreasing ratios. The four sites in northernmost New England, which had the strongest and most coherent trends, showed an average decrease in annual S/P ratio from about 0.30 in 1949 to 0.23 in 2000. Trends in winter S/P ratio were less geographically consistent. Seven out of 21 sites had significantly decreasing winter S/P ratios. Most northern New England and coastal to near-coastal sites had statistically significant trends (p < 0.05) or weak, but not significant trends (p < 0.2). When trends in S/P were analyzed on a monthly basis for the northernmost sites, it was evident that decreasing S/P trends were significant for March and December only. Significant correlations were observed between winter S/P ratios in northern New England and the timing of spring runoff, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, and the Pacific-North American (PNA) index. Significant correlations were observed between winter S/P ratios averaged for all of New England and the NAO and PNA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2626:CITPOP>2.0.CO;2","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Huntington, T., Hodgkins, G., Keim, B., and Dudley, R.W., 2004, Changes in the proportion of precipitation occurring as snow in New England (1949-2000): Journal of Climate, v. 17, no. 13, p. 2626-2636, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2626:CITPOP>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"2626","endPage":"2636","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478138,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2626:citpop>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209048,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2626:CITPOP>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":235224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f434e4b0c8380cd4bbda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, T.G. 0000-0002-9427-3530","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":64675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"T.G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":412077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hodgkins, G.A.","contributorId":14022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keim, B.D.","contributorId":72988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keim","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dudley, R. W.","contributorId":90780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027028,"text":"70027028 - 2004 - Structural geology of the proposed site area for a high-level radioactive waste repository, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70027028","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural geology of the proposed site area for a high-level radioactive waste repository, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Geologic mapping and fracture studies have documented the fundamental patterns of joints and faults in the thick sequence of rhyolite tuffs at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, the proposed site of an underground repository for high-level radioactive waste. The largest structures are north-striking, block-bounding normal faults (with a subordinate left-lateral component) that divide the mountain into numerous 1-4-km-wide panels of gently east-dipping strata. Block-bounding faults, which underwent Quaternary movement as well as earlier Neogene movement, are linked by dominantly northwest-striking relay faults, especially in the more extended southern part of Yucca Mountain. Intrablock faults are commonly short and discontinuous, except those on the more intensely deformed margins of the blocks. Lithologic properties of the local tuff stratigraphy strongly control the mesoscale fracture network, and locally the fracture network has a strong influence on the nature of intrablock faulting. The least faulted part of Yucca Mountain is the north-central part, the site of the proposed repository. Although bounded by complex normal-fault systems, the 4-km-wide central block contains only sparse intrablock faults. Locally intense jointing appears to be strata-bound. The complexity of deformation and the magnitude of extension increase in all directions away from the proposed repository volume, especially in the southern part of the mountain where the intensity of deformation and the amount of vertical-axis rotation increase markedly. Block-bounding faults were active at Yucca Mountain during and after eruption of the 12.8-12.7 Ma Paintbrush Group, and significant motion on these faults postdated the 11.6 Ma Rainier Mesa Tuff. Diminished fault activity continued into Quaternary time. Roughly half of the stratal tilting in the site area occurred after 11.6 Ma, probably synchronous with the main pulse of vertical-axis rotation, which occurred between 11.6 and 11.45 Ma. Studies of sequential formation of tectonic joints, in the context of regional paleostress studies, indicate that north- and northwest-striking joint sets formed coevally with the main faulting episode during regional east-northeast-west-southwest extension and that a prominent northeast-striking joint set formed later, probably after 9 Ma. These structural analyses contribute to the understanding of several important issues at Yucca Mountain, including potential hydrologic pathways, seismic hazards, and fault-displacement hazards. ?? 2004 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25328.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Potter, C., Day, W.C., Sweetkind, D.S., and Dickerson, R., 2004, Structural geology of the proposed site area for a high-level radioactive waste repository, Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 116, no. 7-8, p. 858-879, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25328.1.","startPage":"858","endPage":"879","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208999,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25328.1"}],"volume":"116","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bf8e4b08c986b31d1ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Potter, C. J. 0000-0002-2300-6670","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-6670","contributorId":89925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":412065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, W. C.","contributorId":6876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sweetkind, D. S.","contributorId":61507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dickerson, R. P.","contributorId":23968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickerson","given":"R. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":412063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}