Fall 1999 was among the poorest seasons in this banding station's 20 years of operation. Record high capture totals were set for only two species: Ruby-throated Hummingbird (41 individuals captured, none banded; previous high 21) and White-breasted Nuthatch (two individuals banded; previous high, one). The only other species that stood out as being unusually numerous was Blackpoll Warbler, for which the banding total (33 birds) was the highest since 1988. Bandings of several species (Red-eyed Vireo, Tennessee Warbler, Nashville Warbler, Ovenbird, Hooded Warbler, Canada Warbler, Eastern Towhee, and Field Sparrow) were at record lows, and bandings of many other species were below the long-term (1980-1998) mean.
The number of species banded was also below the long-term mean of 86 species, and tied the previous low. Possible contributing factors included drought conditions in Maryland and elsewhere in the East, which may have influenced nesting productivity and migration dates for some species; Hurricanes Dennis and Floyd, which influenced East Coast weather through much of September; the unprecedented scarcity of Hercules' Club (Aralia spinosa) fruits at the banding station; and occasional visits by a gray fox, which reduced operation of some nets in October and November. A season highlight was the August capture of 37 Red-eyed Vireos banded at this station in previous years, including a bird banded in August 1989. These are almost certainly locally nesting birds that feed on the abundant fruits of Viburnum dentatum in the powerline right-of-way in late summer.
Regular assistants at the banding station included Woody Martin, Susie Michaelson, Jane Nicolich, Gemma Radko, Jack Saba, Julie Tomita, and Laurie Walter. Danny Bystrak and Mary Gustafson each served as bander-in-charge on several mornings.
","language":"English","publisher":"Western, Inland, and Eastern Bird Banding Associations","usgsCitation":"Dawson, D.K., 2000, Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 1999: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764): North American Bird Bander, v. 25, no. 2, p. 63-63.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"63","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17196,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.westernbirdbanding.org/nabb.html","text":"Journal's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Prince George's County","city":"Laurel","otherGeospatial":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaee4b07f02db66c78e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, Deanna K. ddawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Deanna","email":"ddawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":340578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223983,"text":"5223983 - 2000 - Effects of dietary polychlorinated biphenyl exposure on energetics of white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-27T17:19:57.630716","indexId":"5223983","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:43","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of dietary polychlorinated biphenyl exposure on energetics of white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus","title":"Effects of dietary polychlorinated biphenyl exposure on energetics of white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus","docAbstract":"Energy budgets have provided physiological ecologists with a vital link between environmental variables and individual performance and should also prove useful to ecotoxicologists in understanding the effects of sublethal exposure in the field. Exposure to toxic compounds is likely to be metabolically expensive and may result in a trade-off between energy spent to detoxify and excrete contaminants and energy allocated to growth or reproduction. To quantify the energetic cost of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure, we fed captive white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) diets containing PCBs (2:1 Aroclor® 1242:1254) at levels of 0, 0.1, 10, and 25 ppm (mg PCBs/kg food). After six weeks on the diets, there were no differences in food intake (g/d), diet digestibility (%), or body mass related to the level of dietary PCBs. This indicated that short-term exposure to PCBs did not cause a detectable increase in energy need as measured by voluntary food intake. We continued to feed mice the PCB-containing diets for one year, at which time we repeated the food intake trial, and also measured oxygen consumption at 20 and 30°C. After one year, all mice had gained mass, but mice on the 25-ppm diet tended to be heavier than mice in the other groups. Compared to the control group, mice on the 25-ppm diet had higher food intake (4.1 vs 3.7 g/d; p = 0.06) and higher oxygen consumption at 30°C (40.1 vs 36.6 ml O2/h; p = 0.01). These results suggest that there is an energetic cost to long-term contaminant exposure that, when combined with other environmental stresses, may influence patterns of energy acquisition and allocation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620191121","usgsCitation":"Voltura, M., and French, J., 2000, Effects of dietary polychlorinated biphenyl exposure on energetics of white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 19, no. 11, p. 2757-2761, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620191121.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2757","endPage":"2761","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615c1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voltura, M.B.","contributorId":53500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voltura","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"French, J.B. Jr.","contributorId":23252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"J.B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223926,"text":"5223926 - 2000 - Developmental toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment to mallard ducklings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-29T15:20:27.829898","indexId":"5223926","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developmental toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment to mallard ducklings","docAbstract":"Sediment ingestion has been identified as an important exposure route for toxicants in waterfowl. The toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment from the Coeur d'Alene River Basin (CDARB) in Idaho was examined on posthatching development of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings for 6 weeks. Day-old ducklings received either untreated control diet, clean sediment (24%) supplemented control diet, CDARB sediment (3,449 μg/g lead) supplemented diets at 12% or 24%, or a positive control diet containing lead acetate equivalent to that found in 24% CDARB. The 12% CDARB diet resulted in a geometric mean blood lead concentration of 1.41 ppm (WW) with over 90% depression of red blood cell ALAD activity and over threefold elevation of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentration. The 24% CDARB diet resulted in blood lead of 2.56 ppm with over sixfold elevation of protoporphyrin and lower brain weight. In this group the liver lead concentration was 7.92 ppm (WW), and there was a 40% increase in hepatic reduced glutathione concentration. The kidney lead concentration in this group was 7.97 ppm, and acid-fast inclusion bodies were present in the kidneys of four of nine ducklings. The lead acetate positive control group was more adversely affected in most respects than the 24% CDARB group. With a less optimal diet (mixture of two thirds corn and one third standard diet), CDARB sediment was more toxic; blood lead levels were higher, body growth and liver biochemistry (TBARS) were more affected, and prevalence of acid-fast inclusion bodies increased. Lead from CDARB sediment accumulated more readily in duckling blood and liver than reported in goslings, but at given concentrations was generally less toxic to ducklings. Many of these effects are similar to ones reported in wild mallards and geese within the CDARB.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002440010099","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., Heinz, G.H., Sileo, L., Audet, D., Campbell, J., and LeCaptain, L.J., 2000, Developmental toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment to mallard ducklings: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 39, no. 2, p. 221-232, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002440010099.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"232","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Cour d'Alene River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.11700439453125,\n 47.84450101574877\n ],\n [\n -117.1307373046875,\n 46.837649560937464\n ],\n [\n -116.510009765625,\n 46.568302354495195\n ],\n [\n -115.94696044921875,\n 46.470024689385305\n ],\n [\n -114.949951171875,\n 46.604167162931844\n ],\n [\n -114.89501953124999,\n 46.78501604269254\n ],\n [\n -115.37841796874999,\n 47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -115.4498291015625,\n 47.45780853075031\n ],\n [\n -115.77392578125,\n 47.787325537803106\n ],\n [\n -115.99914550781249,\n 47.89424772020999\n ],\n [\n -116.3067626953125,\n 47.99359789867388\n ],\n [\n -116.6912841796875,\n 47.98256841921402\n ],\n [\n -117.11700439453125,\n 47.84450101574877\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dd27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sileo, L.","contributorId":46895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Audet, D. J.","contributorId":38949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Audet","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Campbell, J.K.","contributorId":10019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"LeCaptain, L. J.","contributorId":91056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeCaptain","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5223914,"text":"5223914 - 2000 - A double-observer approach for estimating detection probability and abundance from point counts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T20:21:35.960374","indexId":"5223914","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A double-observer approach for estimating detection probability and abundance from point counts","docAbstract":"Although point counts are frequently used in ornithological studies, basic assumptions about detection probabilities often are untested. We apply a double-observer approach developed to estimate detection probabilities for aerial surveys (Cook and Jacobson 1979) to avian point counts. At each point count, a designated 'primary' observer indicates to another ('secondary') observer all birds detected. The secondary observer records all detections of the primary observer as well as any birds not detected by the primary observer. Observers alternate primary and secondary roles during the course of the survey. The approach permits estimation of observer-specific detection probabilities and bird abundance. We developed a set of models that incorporate different assumptions about sources of variation (e.g. observer, bird species) in detection probability. Seventeen field trials were conducted, and models were fit to the resulting data using program SURVIV. Single-observer point counts generally miss varying proportions of the birds actually present, and observer and bird species were found to be relevant sources of variation in detection probabilities. Overall detection probabilities (probability of being detected by at least one of the two observers) estimated using the double-observer approach were very high (>0.95), yielding precise estimates of avian abundance. We consider problems with the approach and recommend possible solutions, including restriction of the approach to fixed-radius counts to reduce the effect of variation in the effective radius of detection among various observers and to provide a basis for using spatial sampling to estimate bird abundance on large areas of interest. We believe that most questions meriting the effort required to carry out point counts also merit serious attempts to estimate detection probabilities associated with the counts. The double-observer approach is a method that can be used for this purpose.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1093/auk/117.2.393","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Hines, J., Sauer, J., Fallon, F., Fallon, J., and Heglund, P., 2000, A double-observer approach for estimating detection probability and abundance from point counts: The Auk, v. 117, no. 2, p. 393-408, https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/117.2.393.","productDescription":"16","startPage":"393","endPage":"408","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aece7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":339932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fallon, F.W.","contributorId":80794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"F.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fallon, J.E.","contributorId":50629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heglund, P.J.","contributorId":44505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heglund","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5223967,"text":"5223967 - 2000 - Use of lice to identify cowbird hosts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T15:33:28","indexId":"5223967","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:36","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of lice to identify cowbird hosts","docAbstract":"The host specificity of avian lice (Phthiraptera) may be utilized by biologists to investigate the brood parasitism patterns of Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater). As nestlings, brood parasites have a unique opportunity to encounter lice that are typically host specific. Lice are permanent hemimetabolic ectoparasites, a group found strictly on the body of the host, and they are transferred almost exclusively by bodily contact between hosts during care of young and at copulation. We investigated whether cowbird nestlings become infested with avian lice from their host parents and carry these lice away when they fledge, in effect bearing ectoparasite indicators of the species that raised them. The technique of examining the lice on cowbird fledglings to identify their foster parents would be much less costly than hiring a team of experts to determine parasitism patterns in the conventional way by finding hundreds of songbird nests. We examined 244 cowbird fledglings and found that they carried a rich fauna of lice representing 11 species and six genera, almost the entire spectrum of louse genera known to occur on passerines. We also examined 320 songbirds from 30 species, all known hosts of the Brown-headed Cowbird. As a group the host birds bore a diversity of louse species comparable to that on the fledgling cowbirds: 13 species of lice from seven genera. In contrast, most individual passerine host species yielded only 1 or 2 louse species, significantly fewer than the cowbird fledglings (p < 0.0001). Of 44 fledgling cowbirds carrying lice, 11 were linked to their probable avian foster parents via louse indicators, and these are the Wood Thrush and Red-winged Blackbird. Eighteen additional fledglings were linked to one of two possible foster parents. We concluded that cowbird fledglings do carry away host lice and this survey technique provides a partial assessment of local community parasitism patterns. The incomplete state of passerine louse taxonomy requires anyone using this technique to de-louse both cowbird fledglings and local host species in order to have a reference collection of lice. Lice from cowbird fledglings can be identified by a skilled taxonomist and linked to particular host species, and the principal difficulty is the scarcity of skilled avian louse taxonomists. We also found an unusually rich louse fauna on 219 adult cowbirds, which supports the interpretation that lack of opportunity due to physical isolation has been the fundamental factor in the host specificity of lice observed in certain avian orders.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0943:UOLTIC]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hahn, D., Price, R., and Osenton, P., 2000, Use of lice to identify cowbird hosts: The Auk, v. 117, no. 4, p. 943-951, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0943:UOLTIC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"943-951","startPage":"943","endPage":"951","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479105,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0943:uoltic]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":200261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa62a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hahn, D.C. 0000-0002-5242-2059","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2059","contributorId":46447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahn","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":340088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Price, R.D.","contributorId":32647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Osenton, P.C.","contributorId":20441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osenton","given":"P.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224107,"text":"5224107 - 2000 - Effects of lead in nestling black-crowned night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) experimentally dosed in the field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5224107","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:29","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3410,"text":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of lead in nestling black-crowned night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) experimentally dosed in the field","docAbstract":"Lead is a known environmental toxicant, and poisoning resulting from the ingestion of lead shot has been well-documented in many species of waterfowl. However, much less is known regarding exposure and effects of free environmental lead in species of birds other than waterfowl. In an attempt to evaluate toxicity of lead to herons and to determine the usefulness of feathers as a non-invasive exposure-monitoring tool, black-crowned night-heron nestlings were dosed with lead to determine its distribution among tissues, and its effects on biochemical biomarkers, growth, and survival. Five-day-old heron nestlings (one per nest) at Chincoteague Bay, Virginia were given a single intra-peritoneal injection of dosing vehicle (control; N=7) or one of three lead solutions (as lead nitrate) (10, 50, or 250 mg/kg body weight of nestling; N=7 per dose) chosen to represent levels below, at, and above those found in moderately-polluted environments. All nestlings treated with lead exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity compared to controls, and nestlings treated with the highest concentration showed a reduced carcass weight compared to controls. Of several measures of oxidative stress that were analyzed, significant differences were found between low- and high-dosed nestlings in hepatic total thiol and protein-bound sulfhydryl concentrations. No differences in survival were detected between dosed nestlings, controls, or uninjected siblings. Lead concentrations in several matrices, including feathers, are being determined to assess distribution among tissues and will also be examined for relationships with measures of effect.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Environmental Sciences in the 21st Century: Paradigms, opportunities, and challenges, Nashville, Tennessee, November 12-16.","usgsCitation":"Golden, N.H., Rattner, B., Cohen, J., Hoffman, D.J., and Ottinger, M.A., 2000, Effects of lead in nestling black-crowned night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) experimentally dosed in the field: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book, v. 21.","productDescription":"229 (abstract no. PWA052)","startPage":"229 (abstr","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611cee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Golden, N. H.","contributorId":55541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":340573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":340574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cohen, J.B.","contributorId":29914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ottinger, M. A.","contributorId":99078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5222380,"text":"5222380 - 2000 - Seasonal distribution of bird populations at the Patuxent Research Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:42","indexId":"5222380","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:28","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3410,"text":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal distribution of bird populations at the Patuxent Research Refuge","docAbstract":"A detailed study of seasonal changes in bird populationswas made at the Patuxent Research Refuge, located between Bowie and Laurel, Maryland during the years 1936-1949. The history of the Refuge is reviewed and its physical and biological characteristlcs summarized.. The methods of study used during the investigation mcluded: periodic censuses of a representative 304-acre study area over a two-year period; a census of the breeding population of the entire. Refuge during one year; detailed population studies of representative habitats during the breeding season; censuses of the wintering population of. the entire Refuge during two years; general surveys of wintering populations for seven years; and general observations of seasonal changes in bird populatlons over a fourteen-year period, including data from an extensive banding program and from many special types of censuses. The phenology of the Refuge is described in conslderable detail throughout the year, with special attention given to major fluctuatIons in bIrd populations as correlated with climatic changes and with seasonal aspectlon. of the vegetation. The component specIes of birds m the more important migration waves are listed. Figures approximating the Refuge breeding and wmtering populations are given, while indices representing the relative abundance of bird populations, based on figures from the two-year seasonal populatlon study, were obtained for the entire year. The greatest variety of species as well as the greatest number of individuals occurred on the Refuge during the migration .periods in spring and fall, the variety of species being slightly higher in spring than in fa!l, while the population of individuals was considerably higher in fall. Wmtering and breeding populations were low and relatively stable compared to the populations at other seasons.The ecological affinities of the bird populations differed greatly from one season to another. Species characteristic of edge habitats were much more numerous in winter, while forest species were predominant in summer. Insectivorous species comprised a large proportion (40 to 60 percent) of the total population during the warmer months, but were of minor importance in winter. The greatest number of species of birds on the Refuge occurred during the population peaks of insectivorous species, while the largest number of individuals was found during the population peaks of omnivorous and herbivorous species. The population peaks of insectivorous species were found to occur much later in spring and considerably earlier in fall than the. corresponding peaks of omnivorous and herbivorous species. The Fringillidae contributed the greatest number of individuals in winter, while the Parulidae was the most important family (numerically) in summer. Water birds and marsh birds were relatively unimportant throughout the year, due to the scarcity of suitable habitats. Permanent resident species were found to vary from about one-fifth to slightly less than one-half of the total population throughout the year, although many individuals of these species were either transients or part-time residents. Summer residents and winter residents were more abundant than permanent residents during their respective periods of occurrence. During the greater part of the migration period, transient species were found to comprise only 10 to 20 percent of the total population. transient individuals of all species would account for a much larger proportion of the population at this time. After comparing the results of these investigations with similar studies in other areas, it is believed that the seasonal population changes on the Patuxent Research Refuge are fairly representative of those occurring throughout the Middle Atlantic and East-central States. Yearly variations in seasonal population changes are described and the causative factors indicated, when known. Of these, food supply and weather conditions were generally the m","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"414_Stewart.pdf","usgsCitation":"Stewart, R.E., Cope, J., Robbins, C., and Brainerd, J., 2000, Seasonal distribution of bird populations at the Patuxent Research Refuge: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book, v. 21, no. 2, p. 257-363.","productDescription":"229. (abstract PWA051)","startPage":"257","endPage":"363","numberOfPages":"107","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16612,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/2422265","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":199472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, R. E.","contributorId":93426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cope, J.B.","contributorId":77254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cope","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brainerd, J.W.","contributorId":49883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brainerd","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224162,"text":"5224162 - 2000 - Evaluating endocrine endpoints relative to reproductive success in Japanese quail exposed to estrogenic chemicals [poster]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5224162","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:13:15","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3410,"text":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating endocrine endpoints relative to reproductive success in Japanese quail exposed to estrogenic chemicals [poster]","docAbstract":"The standard US EPA guidelines for avian reproductive testing may not be sufficiently sensitive to detect effects of sublethal and chronic exposure to endocrine disrupting toxins. There is a need to evaluate endocrine endpoints as potential markers for contaminant effects, and to determine their effectiveness and sensitivity when applied to wildlife. To this end, a three generational test was conducted using the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) and a proven estrogenic PCB. Birds were exposed during embryonic development via maternal deposition and/or direct egg injection at day 4. Standard measures of reproductive success and productivity used in toxicological studies, as well as multiple measures of physiological and behavioral responses used in endocrine studies were collected. Long term effects on growth and apparent development were similar between treated and control offspring. Fertility of treated eggs decreased from 75%+ 4.4 (x + se) for P1, to 59% + 12.5 for F1 and 54% + 14.2 for F2. All paired control birds mated to produce viable eggs, whereas 27 % of the F1 and 41 % of the F2 treated pairs failed to produce at least 1 viable egg. Although some decreases in productivity can be related to direct toxic exposure, the response from one generation to the next was not linear with treatment, indicating a potential effect from behavioral or other endocrine alterations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Environmental Sciences in the 21st Century: Paradigms, opportunities, and challenges, Nashville, Tennessee, November 12-16.","usgsCitation":"Henry, P., Russek-Cohen, E., Casey, C., Abdelnabi, M., and Ottinger, M.A., 2000, Evaluating endocrine endpoints relative to reproductive success in Japanese quail exposed to estrogenic chemicals [poster]: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book, v. 21.","startPage":"263 (abstr","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb0da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henry, P.F.P.","contributorId":14531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"P.F.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Russek-Cohen, E.","contributorId":11717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russek-Cohen","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casey, C.S.","contributorId":28340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abdelnabi, M.A.","contributorId":41939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abdelnabi","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ottinger, M. A.","contributorId":99078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5223884,"text":"5223884 - 2000 - Developmental toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment in Canada geese (Branta canadensis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-11T11:14:40","indexId":"5223884","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2482,"text":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developmental toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment in Canada geese (Branta canadensis)","docAbstract":"Sediment ingestion has recently been identified as an important exposure route for toxicants in waterfowl. The effects of lead-contaminated sediment from the Coeur d'Alene River Basin (CDARB) in Idaho on posthatching development of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) were examined for 6 wk. Day-old goslings received either untreated control diet, clean sediment (48%) supplemented control diet, or CDARB sediment (3449 mug/g lead) supplemented diets at 12%, 24%, or 48%. The 12% CDARB diet resulted in a geometric mean blood lead concentration of 0.68 ppm (ww), with over 90% depression of red blood cell ALAD activity and over fourfold elevation of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentration. The 24% CDARB diet resulted in blood lead of 1.61 ppm with decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin, and plasma protein in addition to the effects just described. The 48% CDARB diet resulted in blood lead of 2.52 ppm with 22% mortality, decreased growth, and elevated plasma lactate dehydrogenase-L (LDH-L) activity. In this group the liver lead concentration was 6.57 ppm (ww), with twofold increases in hepatic lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, TBARS) and in reduced glutathione concentration; associated effects included elevated glutathione reductase activity but lower protein-bound thiols concentration and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) activity. The kidney lead concentration in this group was 14.93 ppm with subacute renal tubular nephrosis in one of the surviving goslings. Three other geese in this treatment group exhibited calcified areas of marrow, and one of these displayed severe chronic fibrosing pancreatitis. Lead from CDARB sediment accumulated less readily in gosling blood and tissues than reported in ducklings but at given concentrations was generally more toxic to goslings. Many of these effects were similar to those reported in wild geese and mallards within the Coeur d'Alene River Basin.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/009841000156916","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., Heinz, G.H., Sileo, L., Audet, D.J., Campbell, J.K., and Obrecht, H.H., 2000, Developmental toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment in Canada geese (Branta canadensis): Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues, v. 59, no. 4, p. 235-252, https://doi.org/10.1080/009841000156916.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"252","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288520,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/009841000156916"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Coeur D'alene River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.11700439453125,\n 47.84450101574877\n ],\n [\n -117.1307373046875,\n 46.837649560937464\n ],\n [\n -116.510009765625,\n 46.568302354495195\n ],\n [\n -115.94696044921875,\n 46.470024689385305\n ],\n [\n -114.949951171875,\n 46.604167162931844\n ],\n [\n -114.89501953124999,\n 46.78501604269254\n ],\n [\n -115.37841796874999,\n 47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -115.4498291015625,\n 47.45780853075031\n ],\n [\n -115.77392578125,\n 47.787325537803106\n ],\n [\n -115.99914550781249,\n 47.89424772020999\n ],\n [\n -116.3067626953125,\n 47.99359789867388\n ],\n [\n -116.6912841796875,\n 47.98256841921402\n ],\n [\n -117.11700439453125,\n 47.84450101574877\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65ddc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":339822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heinz, Gary H.","contributorId":85698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sileo, Louis","contributorId":94623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"Louis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Audet, Daniel J.","contributorId":106851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Audet","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Campbell, Juile K.","contributorId":43080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Juile","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Obrecht, Holly H. III","contributorId":9381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obrecht","given":"Holly","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":30294,"text":"wri994276 - 2000 - Benthic invertebrates and quality of streambed sediments in the White River and selected tributaries in and near Indianapolis, Indiana, 1994-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-15T09:10:07","indexId":"wri994276","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1999–4276","title":"Benthic invertebrates and quality of streambed sediments in the White River and selected tributaries in and near Indianapolis, Indiana, 1994-96","docAbstract":"During this study, 369 benthic-invertebrate samples were collected at 21 sites and 33 streambed-sediment samples were collected at 14 sites to help develop and evaluate control strategies to mediate the impact of point and nonpoint sources of pollution on the White River and selected tributaries in and near Indianapolis, Indiana. Data analyses show that 124 taxa were identified and that most of the benthic invertebrates found belong to one of three taxa: the pollution-tolerant Diptera and the pollution-intolerant Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera. The Hilsenhoff Biotic Index, which was calculated from the number of arthropods and their tolerance to pollution, ranged from 4.4 (very good) to 9.4 (very poor) on the White River, and from 4.9 (good) to 9.1 (very poor) on the tributaries. The Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) Richness Index, which was calculated from the number of taxa in pollution-intolerant species, ranged from 0 to 9 for the White River and from 0 to 9 for the tributaries. A high EPT Richness Index value reflects a great diversity of pollution-intolerant invertebrates at a site and generally indicates good water quality.
A comparison of data collected during the 1994 through 1996 study to data collected during a 1981 through 1987 study indicates that the proportion of pollution-tolerant taxa increased in the immediate vicinity of Indianapolis. This increase may be an indicator that the water quality in the immediate vicinity of Indianapolis has declined since the earlier study. Comparison of the Hilsenhoff Biotic Index values, however, indicates there has been no change since the previous study.
In the analysis of streambed sediments, small amounts of 12 metals were detected. Of those, only lead exceeded sediment-quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life in three samples from two sites. Thirteen insecticides were detected in the streambed sediments, and of those only chlordane exceeded sediment-quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. Seventeen semivolatile organic compounds also were detected in streambed sediments at nine sites: four on the White River and five on the tributaries. Six of these compounds exceeded sedimentquality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri994276","usgsCitation":"Voelker, D.C., and Renn, D.E., 2000, Benthic invertebrates and quality of streambed sediments in the White River and selected tributaries in and near Indianapolis, Indiana, 1994-96: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 1999–4276, Report: v, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994276.","productDescription":"Report: v, 52 p.","numberOfPages":"59","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2450,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4276/wri19994276.pdf","text":"Report","size":"867 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 1999-4276"},{"id":159750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4276/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Indianapolis","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.43081665039062,\n 39.5866406233146\n ],\n [\n -85.87875366210938,\n 39.5866406233146\n ],\n [\n -85.87875366210938,\n 40.01709786313761\n ],\n [\n -86.43081665039062,\n 40.01709786313761\n ],\n [\n -86.43081665039062,\n 39.5866406233146\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Indiana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5957 Lakeside Blvd.
Indianapolis, IN 46278
An earlier investigation (Turner 1997) concluded that most of the coastal wetland loss in Louisiana was caused by the effects of canal dredging, that loss was near zero in the absence of canals, and that land loss had decreased to near zero by the late 1990s. This analysis was based on a 15-min quadrangle (approximately 68,000 ha) scale that is too large to isolate processes responsible for small-scale wetland loss and too small to capture those responsible for large-scale loss. We conducted a further evaluation of the relationship between direct loss due to canal dredging and all other loss from 1933–1990 using a spatial scale of 4,100 ha that accurately captures local land-loss processes. Regressions of other wetland loss on canal area (i.e., direct loss) for the Birdfoot, Terrebonne, and Calcasieu basins were not significant. Positive relationships were found for the Breton (r2=0.675), Barataria (r2=0.47), and Mermentau (r2=0.35) basins, indicating that the extent of canals is significantly related to wetland loss in these basins. A significant negative relationship (r2=0.36) was found for the Atchafalaya coastal basin which had statistically lower loss rates than the other basins as a whole. The Atchafalaya area receives direct inflow of about one third of the Mississippi discharge. When the data were combined for all basins, 9.2% of the variation in other wetland loss was attributable to canals. All significant regressions intercepted the y-axis at positive loss values indicating that some loss occurred in the absence of canals. Wetland loss did not differ significantly from the coast inland or between marsh type. We agree with Turner that canals are an important agent in causing wetland loss in coastal Louisiana, but strongly disagree that they are responsible for the vast majority of this loss. We conclude that wetland loss in the Mississippi delta is an ongoing complex process involving several interacting factors and that efforts to create and restore Louisiana’s coastal wetlands must emphasize riverine inputs of freshwater and sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.2307/1353136","usgsCitation":"Day, J.W., Britsch, L.D., Hawes, S., Shaffer, G.P., Reed, D.J., and Cahoon, D.R., 2000, Pattern and process of land loss in the Mississippi Delta: A spatial and temporal analysis of wetland habitat change: Estuaries, v. 56, no. 4, p. 425-438, https://doi.org/10.2307/1353136.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"425","endPage":"438","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365301,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Louisiana Coastal Zone, Mississippi River Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.65917968749999,\n 30.619004797647808\n ],\n [\n -91.16455078125,\n 29.973970240516614\n ],\n [\n -91.7578125,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n -93.6474609375,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -93.8671875,\n 29.859701442126756\n ],\n [\n -93.7353515625,\n 29.6880527498568\n ],\n [\n -93.49365234375,\n 29.707139348134145\n ],\n [\n -92.87841796875,\n 29.554345125748267\n ],\n [\n -92.08740234375,\n 29.401319510041485\n ],\n [\n -91.62597656249999,\n 29.458731185355344\n ],\n [\n -91.01074218749999,\n 29.094577077511826\n ],\n [\n -90.41748046874999,\n 29.248063243796576\n ],\n [\n -90.28564453124999,\n 28.9600886880068\n ],\n [\n -89.9560546875,\n 29.11377539511439\n ],\n [\n -89.912109375,\n 29.401319510041485\n ],\n [\n -89.736328125,\n 29.248063243796576\n ],\n [\n -89.1650390625,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -88.87939453125,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -89.1650390625,\n 30.012030680358613\n ],\n [\n -89.6484375,\n 30.183121842195515\n ],\n [\n -89.8681640625,\n 30.637912028341123\n ],\n [\n -90.65917968749999,\n 30.619004797647808\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day, John W.","contributorId":200323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Day","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Britsch, Louis D.","contributorId":78024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britsch","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hawes, Suzanne","contributorId":51376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawes","given":"Suzanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaffer, Gary P.","contributorId":178419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reed, Denise J.","contributorId":71903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Denise","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667 dcahoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":3791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"dcahoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70204232,"text":"70204232 - 2000 - Disruption and restoration of en route habitat, a case study: The Chenier Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-10T15:22:30.88766","indexId":"70204232","displayToPublicDate":"2000-12-31T12:09:37","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3489,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Disruption and restoration of en route habitat, a case study: The Chenier Plain","title":"Disruption and restoration of en route habitat, a case study: The Chenier Plain","docAbstract":"Cheniers (relict beach ridges) and other habitats adjacent to ecological barriers may be critical linkages in the migratory pathways of long-distance migratory birds. It is important that these wooded habitats provide enough food and cover at the right time to support these birds’ requirements. To date, little attention has been given to the conservation of coastal woodlands, habitats in which en route migrants tend to concentrate in large numbers during migration. Because about one-third of North Americas ’ human population lives within 80 km of the coast, many forest-dwelling landbird migrants now depend on degraded native woodlands and urbanized environments for survival during migration. Restoration or rehabilitation of coastal woodlands, such as the cheniers of southwest Louisiana and southeast Texas, is of particular importance because of historic anthropogenic modifications, their limited geographic extent, and the extraordinary abundance and species richness of migratory birds using them during migration. In this paper, we use the Chenier Plain as a case study to discuss the issue of land use changes and their consequences for maintaining suitable stopover habitat. Results from an ongoing field study in this ecosystem indicate that most forest-dependent migratory birds are tolerant of at least some degradation of chenier forest during migration. However, these results reveal that subtle differences in vegetation composition and structure beneath the canopy of these forests, primarily as a result of livestock grazing and white-tailed deer overbrowsing, can result in differential use by some en route migrants. Species that were most affected by disturbance to the forest understory were early-arriving migrants, dead-leaf foragers, frugivores, and nectarivores. Given that the understory structure and regeneration of chenier forests has been so greatly reduced, and that high densities of nearctic-neotropical migrants tend to concentrate in cheniers during migration, restoration and re-habilitation should be conservation priorities in the Chenier Plain.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Barrow, W., Chen, C., Hamilton, R.B., Ouchley, K., and Spengler, T.J., 2000, Disruption and restoration of en route habitat, a case study: The Chenier Plain: Studies in Avian Biology, v. 20, p. 71-87.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"87","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":405074,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://sora.unm.edu/node/139382"},{"id":365542,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Chenier Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.779052734375,\n 29.372601506681402\n ],\n [\n -93.84521484375,\n 29.6880527498568\n ],\n [\n -93.27392578125,\n 29.76437737516313\n ],\n [\n -92.318115234375,\n 29.506549442788593\n ],\n [\n -92.04345703125,\n 29.5830116903775\n ],\n [\n -92.098388671875,\n 29.81205076752506\n ],\n [\n -92.384033203125,\n 30.855079286968596\n ],\n [\n -92.955322265625,\n 30.41078179084589\n ],\n [\n -93.251953125,\n 30.372875188118016\n ],\n [\n -93.88916015625,\n 30.230594564932193\n ],\n [\n -94.801025390625,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -94.94384765625,\n 30.35391637229704\n ],\n [\n -95.284423828125,\n 30.259067203213018\n ],\n [\n -94.779052734375,\n 29.372601506681402\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrow, Wylie C. Jr. 0000-0003-4671-2823 barroww@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":168953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"Wylie C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"barroww@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Chao-Chieh","contributorId":27282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Chao-Chieh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamilton, Robert B.","contributorId":216919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ouchley, Keith","contributorId":216315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ouchley","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spengler, Terry J.","contributorId":216920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spengler","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70243619,"text":"70243619 - 2000 - Diversity of anaerobic halophilic microorganisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-15T16:35:23.324409","indexId":"70243619","displayToPublicDate":"2000-12-29T11:32:15","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5446,"text":"Proceedings of SPIE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diversity of anaerobic halophilic microorganisms","docAbstract":"Life in the presence of high salt concentrations is compatible with life in the absence of oxygen. Halophilic and halotolerant anaerobic prokaryotes are found both in the archaeal and in the bacterial domain, and they display a great metabolic diversity. Many of the representatives of the Halobacteriales (Archaea), which are generally considered aerobes, have the potential of anaerobic growth. Some can use alternative electron acceptors such as nitrate, fumarate, dimethylsulfoxide or trimethylamine-N-oxide Halobacterium salinarum can also grow fermentatively on L-arginine, and bacteriorhodopsin-containing cells may even grow anaerobically, energized by light. Obligatory anaerobic halophilic methanogenic Archaea also exist. The bacterial domain contains many anaerobic halophiles, including sulfate reducers. There is also a group of specialized obligatory anaerobic Bacteria, phylogenetically clustering in the low G+C branch of the Firmicutes. Most representatives of this group (order Haloanaerobiales, families Haloanaerobiaceae and Halobacteroidaceae) are fermentative, using a variety of carbohydrates and amino acids. One species combines the potential for anaerobic growth at high salt concentrations with a preference for high temperatures. Others are homoacetogens; Acetohalobium arabaticum can grow anaerobically as a chemolithotroph, producing acetate from hydrogen and CO2. The Haloanaerobiales accumulate high concentrations of K+ and Cl- in their cytoplasm, thereby showing a strategy of salt adaptation similar to that used by the Halobacteriales. Recently a new representative of the Haloanaerobiales was isolated from bottom sediments of the Dead Sea (strain DSSe1), which grows anaerobically by oxidation of glycerol to acetate and CO2 while reducing selenate to selenite and elementary selenium. Other electron acceptors supporting anaerobic growth of this strain are nitrate and trimethylamine-N-oxide. The versatility of life at high salt concentrations with respect to the variety of substrates used, the types of dissimilatory metabolism, and the diversity of potential electron acceptors has important implications for the potential for life in hostile environments lacking oxygen and high in salt, implications that may also be relevant to astrobiology.
","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.411614","usgsCitation":"Oren, A., and Oremland, R.S., 2000, Diversity of anaerobic halophilic microorganisms: Proceedings of SPIE, v. 4137, p. 96-105, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.411614.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"105","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417041,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4137","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oren, Aharon","contributorId":112120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oren","given":"Aharon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70260454,"text":"70260454 - 2000 - Holocene relative sea level changes along the Seattle Fault at Restoration Point, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-01T16:58:13.872077","indexId":"70260454","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T11:54:35","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene relative sea level changes along the Seattle Fault at Restoration Point, Washington","docAbstract":"At a marsh on the hanging wall of the Seattle fault, fossil brackish water diatom and plant seed assemblages show that the marsh lay near sea level between ∼7500 and 1000 cal yr B.P. This marsh is uniquely situated for recording environmental changes associated with past earthquakes on the Seattle fault. Since 7500 cal yr B.P., changes in fossil diatoms and seeds record several rapid environmental changes. In the earliest of these, brackish conditions changed to freshwater ∼6900 cal yr B.P., possibly because of coseismic uplift or beach berm accretion. If coseismic uplift produced the freshening ∼6900 cal yr B.P., that uplift probably did not exceed 2 m. During another event about 1700 cal yr B.P., brackish plant and diatom assemblages changed rapidly to a tidal flat assemblage because of either tectonic subsidence or berm erosion. The site then remained a tideflat until the most recent event, when an abrupt shift from tideflat diatoms to freshwater taxa resulted from ∼7 m of uplift during an earthquake on the Seattle fault ∼1000 cal yr B.P. Regardless of the earlier events, no Seattle fault earthquake similar to the one ∼1000 cal yr B.P. occurred at any other time in the past 7500 years.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1006/qres.2000.2180","usgsCitation":"Sherrod, B.L., Bucknam, R.C., and Leopold, E.B., 2000, Holocene relative sea level changes along the Seattle Fault at Restoration Point, Washington: Quaternary Research, v. 54, no. 3, p. 384-393, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.2000.2180.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"384","endPage":"393","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":463552,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherrod, Brian L. 0000-0002-4492-8631 bsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4492-8631","contributorId":2834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"Brian","email":"bsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":917726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bucknam, Robert C.","contributorId":104490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucknam","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":917727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leopold, Estella B.","contributorId":30979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Estella","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":917728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179310,"text":"70179310 - 2000 - Characterization of poxviruses from forest birds in Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:14:33","indexId":"70179310","displayToPublicDate":"2000-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of poxviruses from forest birds in Hawaii","docAbstract":"Two strains of avian pox viruses were isolated from cutaneous lesions in Hawaiian crows (Corvus hawaiiensis) examined in 1994 and a third from a biopsy obtained in 1992 from an infected bird of the Apapane species (Himatione sanguinea) by inoculation of the chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) of developing chicken embryos. The resulting proliferative CAM lesions contained eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies characteristic of pox virus infection. The pathogenicity of these three viruses in domestic chickens was mild as evidenced by the development of relatively minor lesions of short duration at the sites of inoculation. Their virulence in this host was similar to that of a fowlpox virus (FPV) vaccine strain and contrasted greatly with the ability of two field strains of FPV to produce extensive proliferative lesions. One of the Hawaiian crow pox virus isolates as well as the one originating from the Apapane species could be propagated in two secondary avian cell lines, QT-35 and LMH. A comparison of the restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) of the genomes of the two cell line-adapted viruses, generated by EcoRI digestion, revealed a limited degree of similarity. Moreover, neither profile was comparable to those of the two field isolates of FPV, which were almost indistinguishable from each other. Thus, based on the genetic distinctness of the two Hawaiian bird viruses, they appear to represent different strains of avipoxvirus.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-36.2.225","usgsCitation":"Tripathy, D.N., Schnitzlein, W.M., Morris, P.J., Janssen, D.L., Zuba, J.K., Massey, G., and Atkinson, C.T., 2000, Characterization of poxviruses from forest birds in Hawaii: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 36, no. 2, p. 225-230, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-36.2.225.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"230","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-36.2.225","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332575,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-155.778234,20.245743],[-155.772734,20.245409],[-155.746893,20.232325],[-155.737004,20.222773],[-155.735822,20.212417],[-155.732704,20.205392],[-155.653966,20.16736],[-155.630382,20.146916],[-155.624565,20.145911],[-155.607797,20.137987],[-155.600909,20.126573],[-155.598033,20.124539],[-155.590923,20.122497],[-155.58168,20.123617],[-155.568368,20.130545],[-155.558933,20.13157],[-155.523661,20.120028],[-155.516795,20.11523],[-155.502561,20.114155],[-155.468211,20.104296],[-155.443957,20.095318],[-155.405459,20.078772],[-155.4024,20.075541],[-155.387578,20.067119],[-155.33021,20.038517],[-155.29548,20.024438],[-155.282629,20.021969],[-155.270316,20.014525],[-155.240933,19.990173],[-155.204486,19.969438],[-155.194593,19.958368],[-155.179939,19.949372],[-155.149215,19.922872],[-155.144394,19.920523],[-155.131235,19.906801],[-155.124618,19.897288],[-155.12175,19.886099],[-155.107541,19.872467],[-155.098716,19.867811],[-155.095032,19.867882],[-155.086341,19.855399],[-155.084357,19.849736],[-155.085674,19.838584],[-155.088979,19.826656],[-155.094414,19.81491],[-155.09207,19.799409],[-155.091216,19.776368],[-155.093517,19.771832],[-155.093387,19.737751],[-155.087118,19.728013],[-155.079426,19.726193],[-155.063972,19.728917],[-155.045382,19.739824],[-155.006423,19.739286],[-154.997278,19.72858],[-154.987168,19.708524],[-154.981102,19.690687],[-154.984718,19.672161],[-154.983778,19.641647],[-154.974342,19.633201],[-154.963933,19.627605],[-154.950359,19.626461],[-154.947874,19.62425],[-154.947718,19.621947],[-154.951014,19.613614],[-154.947106,19.604856],[-154.93394,19.597505],[-154.928205,19.592702],[-154.924422,19.586553],[-154.903542,19.570622],[-154.875,19.556797],[-154.852618,19.549172],[-154.837384,19.538354],[-154.826732,19.537626],[-154.814417,19.53009],[-154.809561,19.522377],[-154.809379,19.519086],[-154.822968,19.48129],[-154.838545,19.463642],[-154.86854,19.438126],[-154.887817,19.426425],[-154.928772,19.397646],[-154.944185,19.381852],[-154.964619,19.365646],[-154.980861,19.349291],[-155.020537,19.331317],[-155.061729,19.316636],[-155.113272,19.290613],[-155.1337,19.276099],[-155.159635,19.268375],[-155.172413,19.26906],[-155.187427,19.266156],[-155.19626,19.261295],[-155.205892,19.260907],[-155.243961,19.271313],[-155.264619,19.274213],[-155.296761,19.266289],[-155.303808,19.261835],[-155.31337,19.250698],[-155.341268,19.234039],[-155.349148,19.217756],[-155.360631,19.20893],[-155.378638,19.202435],[-155.390701,19.201171],[-155.417369,19.187858],[-155.427093,19.179546],[-155.432519,19.170623],[-155.453516,19.151952],[-155.465663,19.146964],[-155.505281,19.137908],[-155.51474,19.132501],[-155.51214,19.128174],[-155.512137,19.124296],[-155.519652,19.117025],[-155.526136,19.115889],[-155.528902,19.11371],[-155.544806,19.091059],[-155.551129,19.08878],[-155.557817,19.08213],[-155.555326,19.069377],[-155.555177,19.053932],[-155.557371,19.046565],[-155.566446,19.032531],[-155.576599,19.027412],[-155.581903,19.02224],[-155.596032,18.998833],[-155.596521,18.980654],[-155.601866,18.971572],[-155.613966,18.970399],[-155.625256,18.961951],[-155.625,18.959934],[-155.638054,18.941723],[-155.658486,18.924835],[-155.672005,18.917466],[-155.681825,18.918694],[-155.687716,18.923358],[-155.690171,18.932195],[-155.693117,18.940542],[-155.726043,18.969437],[-155.763598,18.981837],[-155.806109,19.013967],[-155.853943,19.023762],[-155.88155,19.036644],[-155.884077,19.039266],[-155.886278,19.05576],[-155.903693,19.080777],[-155.908355,19.081138],[-155.921389,19.121183],[-155.917292,19.155963],[-155.903339,19.217792],[-155.90491,19.230147],[-155.902565,19.258427],[-155.895435,19.274639],[-155.890842,19.298905],[-155.887356,19.337101],[-155.888701,19.348031],[-155.898792,19.377984],[-155.913849,19.401107],[-155.909087,19.415455],[-155.921707,19.43055],[-155.924269,19.438794],[-155.925166,19.468081],[-155.922609,19.478611],[-155.924124,19.481406],[-155.930523,19.484921],[-155.935641,19.485628],[-155.936403,19.481905],[-155.939145,19.481577],[-155.95149,19.486649],[-155.952897,19.488805],[-155.953663,19.510003],[-155.960457,19.546612],[-155.962264,19.551779],[-155.965211,19.554745],[-155.96935,19.555963],[-155.970969,19.586328],[-155.978206,19.608159],[-155.997728,19.642816],[-156.028982,19.650098],[-156.032928,19.653905],[-156.034994,19.65936],[-156.033326,19.66923],[-156.027427,19.672154],[-156.029281,19.678908],[-156.036079,19.690252],[-156.04796,19.698938],[-156.051652,19.703649],[-156.052485,19.718667],[-156.064364,19.730766],[-156.05722,19.742536],[-156.052315,19.756836],[-156.049651,19.780452],[-156.021732,19.8022],[-156.006267,19.81758],[-155.982821,19.845651],[-155.976651,19.85053],[-155.964817,19.855183],[-155.949251,19.857034],[-155.945297,19.853443],[-155.940311,19.852305],[-155.925843,19.858928],[-155.926938,19.870221],[-155.92549,19.875],[-155.915662,19.887126],[-155.901987,19.912081],[-155.894099,19.923135],[-155.894474,19.926927],[-155.892533,19.932162],[-155.866919,19.954172],[-155.856588,19.968885],[-155.840708,19.976952],[-155.838692,19.975527],[-155.835312,19.976078],[-155.831948,19.982775],[-155.828965,19.995542],[-155.825473,20.025944],[-155.828182,20.035424],[-155.850385,20.062506],[-155.866931,20.078652],[-155.88419,20.10675],[-155.899149,20.145728],[-155.906035,20.205157],[-155.901452,20.235787],[-155.890663,20.25524],[-155.882631,20.263026],[-155.873921,20.267744],[-155.853293,20.271548],[-155.811459,20.26032],[-155.783242,20.246395],[-155.778234,20.245743]]],[[[-157.789581,21.438396],[-157.789734,21.437679],[-157.789276,21.435833],[-157.790543,21.434313],[-157.791718,21.434881],[-157.793045,21.43391],[-157.793167,21.43574],[-157.791565,21.43651],[-157.791779,21.437752],[-157.793289,21.437658],[-157.791779,21.438435],[-157.791092,21.438442],[-157.790741,21.43874],[-157.789581,21.438396]]],[[[-160.125,21.95909],[-160.122262,21.962881],[-160.112746,21.995245],[-160.09645,22.001489],[-160.072123,22.003334],[-160.058543,21.99638],[-160.051992,21.983681],[-160.052729,21.980321],[-160.056336,21.977939],[-160.060549,21.976729],[-160.063349,21.978354],[-160.065811,21.976562],[-160.078393,21.955153],[-160.085787,21.927295],[-160.080012,21.910808],[-160.079065,21.89608],[-160.098897,21.884711],[-160.124283,21.876789],[-160.147609,21.872814],[-160.16162,21.864746],[-160.174796,21.846923],[-160.189782,21.82245],[-160.205211,21.789053],[-160.200427,21.786479],[-160.205851,21.779518],[-160.218044,21.783755],[-160.23478,21.795418],[-160.24961,21.815145],[-160.244943,21.848943],[-160.231028,21.886263],[-160.228965,21.889117],[-160.21383,21.899193],[-160.205528,21.907507],[-160.202716,21.912422],[-160.190158,21.923592],[-160.167471,21.932863],[-160.13705,21.948632],[-160.127302,21.955508],[-160.125,21.95909]]],[[[-159.431707,22.220015],[-159.40732,22.230555],[-159.388119,22.223252],[-159.385977,22.220009],[-159.367563,22.214906],[-159.359842,22.214831],[-159.357227,22.217744],[-159.353795,22.217669],[-159.339964,22.208519],[-159.315613,22.186817],[-159.308855,22.155555],[-159.297808,22.149748],[-159.295875,22.144547],[-159.295271,22.13039],[-159.297143,22.113815],[-159.317451,22.080944],[-159.321667,22.063411],[-159.324775,22.05867],[-159.333267,22.054639],[-159.337996,22.046575],[-159.341401,22.028978],[-159.333224,21.973005],[-159.333109,21.964176],[-159.334714,21.961099],[-159.350828,21.950817],[-159.356613,21.939546],[-159.382349,21.924479],[-159.408284,21.897781],[-159.425862,21.884527],[-159.446599,21.871647],[-159.471962,21.88292],[-159.490914,21.888898],[-159.517973,21.890996],[-159.555415,21.891355],[-159.574991,21.896585],[-159.577784,21.900486],[-159.584272,21.899038],[-159.610241,21.898356],[-159.637849,21.917166],[-159.648132,21.93297],[-159.671872,21.957038],[-159.681493,21.960054],[-159.705255,21.963427],[-159.72014,21.970789],[-159.758218,21.980694],[-159.765735,21.986593],[-159.788139,22.018411],[-159.790932,22.031177],[-159.786543,22.06369],[-159.780096,22.072567],[-159.748159,22.100388],[-159.741223,22.115666],[-159.733457,22.142756],[-159.726043,22.152171],[-159.699978,22.165252],[-159.66984,22.170782],[-159.608794,22.207878],[-159.591596,22.219456],[-159.583965,22.22668],[-159.559643,22.229185],[-159.554166,22.228212],[-159.548594,22.226263],[-159.54115,22.216764],[-159.534594,22.219403],[-159.523769,22.217602],[-159.51941,22.215646],[-159.518348,22.211182],[-159.515574,22.208008],[-159.507811,22.205987],[-159.501055,22.211064],[-159.500821,22.225538],[-159.488558,22.23317],[-159.480158,22.232715],[-159.467007,22.226529],[-159.45619,22.228811],[-159.441809,22.226321],[-159.431707,22.220015]]],[[[-157.014553,21.185503],[-156.999108,21.182221],[-156.991318,21.18551],[-156.987768,21.18935],[-156.982343,21.207798],[-156.984464,21.210063],[-156.984032,21.212198],[-156.974002,21.218503],[-156.969064,21.217018],[-156.962847,21.212131],[-156.951654,21.191662],[-156.950808,21.182636],[-156.946159,21.175963],[-156.918248,21.168279],[-156.903466,21.16421],[-156.898174,21.16594],[-156.89613,21.169561],[-156.896537,21.172208],[-156.867944,21.16452],[-156.841592,21.167926],[-156.821944,21.174693],[-156.771495,21.180053],[-156.742231,21.176214],[-156.738341,21.17202],[-156.736648,21.16188],[-156.719386,21.163911],[-156.712696,21.161547],[-156.714158,21.152238],[-156.726033,21.13236],[-156.748932,21.1086],[-156.775995,21.089751],[-156.790815,21.081686],[-156.794136,21.075796],[-156.835351,21.06336],[-156.865795,21.057801],[-156.877137,21.0493],[-156.891946,21.051831],[-156.89517,21.055771],[-156.953719,21.067761],[-157.00295,21.083282],[-157.02617,21.089015],[-157.032045,21.091094],[-157.037667,21.097864],[-157.079696,21.105835],[-157.095373,21.10636],[-157.125,21.1026],[-157.143483,21.096632],[-157.254061,21.090601],[-157.298054,21.096917],[-157.313343,21.105755],[-157.299187,21.132488],[-157.299471,21.135972],[-157.293774,21.146127],[-157.284346,21.157755],[-157.276474,21.163175],[-157.274504,21.162762],[-157.259911,21.174875],[-157.254709,21.181376],[-157.251007,21.190952],[-157.25026,21.207739],[-157.256935,21.215665],[-157.261457,21.217661],[-157.263163,21.220873],[-157.26069,21.225684],[-157.257085,21.227268],[-157.241534,21.220969],[-157.226445,21.220185],[-157.212082,21.221848],[-157.202125,21.219298],[-157.192439,21.207644],[-157.185553,21.205602],[-157.157103,21.200706],[-157.148125,21.200745],[-157.144627,21.202555],[-157.128207,21.201488],[-157.113438,21.197375],[-157.097971,21.198012],[-157.064264,21.189076],[-157.053053,21.188754],[-157.047757,21.190739],[-157.039987,21.190909],[-157.014553,21.185503]]],[[[-156.544169,20.522802],[-156.550016,20.520273],[-156.559994,20.521892],[-156.586238,20.511711],[-156.603844,20.524372],[-156.631143,20.514943],[-156.642347,20.508285],[-156.647464,20.512017],[-156.668809,20.504738],[-156.682939,20.506775],[-156.703673,20.527237],[-156.702265,20.532451],[-156.696662,20.541646],[-156.6801,20.557021],[-156.651567,20.565574],[-156.614598,20.587109],[-156.610734,20.59377],[-156.576871,20.60657],[-156.56714,20.604895],[-156.553604,20.594729],[-156.543034,20.580115],[-156.542808,20.573674],[-156.548909,20.56859],[-156.556021,20.542657],[-156.553018,20.539382],[-156.540189,20.534741],[-156.539643,20.527644],[-156.544169,20.522802]]],[[[-156.612012,21.02477],[-156.612065,21.027273],[-156.606238,21.034371],[-156.592256,21.03288],[-156.580448,21.020172],[-156.562773,21.016167],[-156.549813,21.004939],[-156.546291,21.005082],[-156.528246,20.967757],[-156.518707,20.954662],[-156.512226,20.95128],[-156.510391,20.940358],[-156.507913,20.937886],[-156.49948,20.934577],[-156.495883,20.928005],[-156.493263,20.916011],[-156.481055,20.898199],[-156.474796,20.894546],[-156.422668,20.911631],[-156.386045,20.919563],[-156.374297,20.927616],[-156.370729,20.932669],[-156.352649,20.941414],[-156.345655,20.941596],[-156.342365,20.938737],[-156.332817,20.94645],[-156.324578,20.950184],[-156.307198,20.942739],[-156.286332,20.947701],[-156.275116,20.937361],[-156.263107,20.940888],[-156.242555,20.937838],[-156.230159,20.931936],[-156.230089,20.917864],[-156.226757,20.916677],[-156.222062,20.918309],[-156.217953,20.916573],[-156.216341,20.907035],[-156.173103,20.876926],[-156.170458,20.874605],[-156.166746,20.865646],[-156.132669,20.861369],[-156.129381,20.847513],[-156.115735,20.827301],[-156.100123,20.828502],[-156.090291,20.831872],[-156.059788,20.81054],[-156.033287,20.808246],[-156.003532,20.795545],[-156.002947,20.789418],[-155.987944,20.776552],[-155.984587,20.767496],[-155.986851,20.758577],[-155.985413,20.744245],[-155.987216,20.722717],[-155.991534,20.713654],[-156.00187,20.698064],[-156.01415,20.685681],[-156.020044,20.686857],[-156.030702,20.682452],[-156.040341,20.672719],[-156.043786,20.664902],[-156.053385,20.65432],[-156.059753,20.652044],[-156.081472,20.654387],[-156.089365,20.648519],[-156.120985,20.633685],[-156.129898,20.627523],[-156.142665,20.623605],[-156.144588,20.624032],[-156.148085,20.629067],[-156.156772,20.629639],[-156.169732,20.627358],[-156.173393,20.6241],[-156.184556,20.629719],[-156.192938,20.631769],[-156.210258,20.628518],[-156.225338,20.62294],[-156.236145,20.61595],[-156.265921,20.601629],[-156.284391,20.596488],[-156.288037,20.59203],[-156.293454,20.588783],[-156.302692,20.586199],[-156.322944,20.588273],[-156.351716,20.58697],[-156.359634,20.581977],[-156.370725,20.57876],[-156.377633,20.578427],[-156.415313,20.586099],[-156.417523,20.589728],[-156.415746,20.594044],[-156.417799,20.598682],[-156.423141,20.602079],[-156.427708,20.598873],[-156.431872,20.598143],[-156.438385,20.601337],[-156.444242,20.607941],[-156.442884,20.613842],[-156.450651,20.642212],[-156.445894,20.64927],[-156.443673,20.656018],[-156.448656,20.704739],[-156.451038,20.725469],[-156.452895,20.731287],[-156.458438,20.736676],[-156.462242,20.753952],[-156.462058,20.772571],[-156.464043,20.781667],[-156.473562,20.790756],[-156.489496,20.798339],[-156.501688,20.799933],[-156.506026,20.799463],[-156.515994,20.794234],[-156.525215,20.780821],[-156.537752,20.778408],[-156.631794,20.82124],[-156.678634,20.870541],[-156.688969,20.888673],[-156.687804,20.89072],[-156.688132,20.906325],[-156.691334,20.91244],[-156.697418,20.916368],[-156.69989,20.920629],[-156.69411,20.952708],[-156.680905,20.980262],[-156.665514,21.007054],[-156.652419,21.008994],[-156.645966,21.014416],[-156.642592,21.019936],[-156.644167,21.022312],[-156.642809,21.027583],[-156.619581,21.027793],[-156.612012,21.02477]]],[[[-157.010001,20.929757],[-156.989813,20.932127],[-156.971604,20.926254],[-156.937529,20.925274],[-156.91845,20.922546],[-156.897169,20.915395],[-156.837047,20.863575],[-156.825237,20.850731],[-156.809576,20.826036],[-156.808469,20.820396],[-156.809463,20.809169],[-156.817427,20.794606],[-156.838321,20.764575],[-156.846413,20.760201],[-156.851481,20.760069],[-156.869753,20.754701],[-156.890295,20.744855],[-156.909081,20.739533],[-156.949009,20.738997],[-156.96789,20.73508],[-156.984747,20.756677],[-156.994001,20.786671],[-156.988933,20.815496],[-156.991834,20.826603],[-157.006243,20.849603],[-157.010911,20.854476],[-157.054552,20.877219],[-157.059663,20.884634],[-157.061128,20.890635],[-157.062511,20.904385],[-157.05913,20.913407],[-157.035789,20.927078],[-157.025626,20.929528],[-157.010001,20.929757]]],[[[-158.044485,21.306011],[-158.0883,21.2988],[-158.1033,21.2979],[-158.1127,21.3019],[-158.1211,21.3169],[-158.1225,21.3224],[-158.111949,21.326622],[-158.114196,21.331123],[-158.119427,21.334594],[-158.125459,21.330264],[-158.13324,21.359207],[-158.1403,21.3738],[-158.149719,21.385208],[-158.161743,21.396282],[-158.1792,21.4043],[-158.181274,21.409626],[-158.181,21.420868],[-158.182648,21.430073],[-158.192352,21.44804],[-158.205383,21.459793],[-158.219446,21.46978],[-158.233,21.4876],[-158.231171,21.523857],[-158.23175,21.533035],[-158.234314,21.540058],[-158.250671,21.557373],[-158.27951,21.575794],[-158.277679,21.578789],[-158.254425,21.582684],[-158.190704,21.585892],[-158.17,21.5823],[-158.12561,21.586739],[-158.10672,21.596577],[-158.106689,21.603024],[-158.1095,21.6057],[-158.108185,21.607487],[-158.079895,21.628101],[-158.0668,21.6437],[-158.066711,21.65234],[-158.0639,21.6584],[-158.0372,21.6843],[-158.018127,21.699955],[-157.9923,21.708],[-157.98703,21.712494],[-157.968628,21.712704],[-157.947174,21.689568],[-157.939,21.669],[-157.9301,21.6552],[-157.924591,21.651183],[-157.9228,21.6361],[-157.9238,21.6293],[-157.910797,21.611183],[-157.900574,21.605885],[-157.87735,21.575277],[-157.878601,21.560181],[-157.872528,21.557568],[-157.8669,21.5637],[-157.85614,21.560661],[-157.85257,21.557514],[-157.836945,21.529945],[-157.837372,21.512085],[-157.849579,21.509598],[-157.852625,21.499971],[-157.84549,21.466747],[-157.84099,21.459483],[-157.82489,21.455379],[-157.8163,21.4502],[-157.8139,21.4403],[-157.8059,21.4301],[-157.786513,21.415633],[-157.779846,21.417309],[-157.774455,21.421352],[-157.772209,21.431236],[-157.774905,21.453698],[-157.772209,21.457741],[-157.764572,21.461335],[-157.754239,21.461335],[-157.737617,21.459089],[-157.731777,21.455944],[-157.731328,21.444713],[-157.73582,21.438424],[-157.740762,21.424048],[-157.741211,21.414614],[-157.7386,21.4043],[-157.730191,21.401871],[-157.728221,21.402104],[-157.726421,21.402845],[-157.724324,21.403311],[-157.723794,21.40329],[-157.723286,21.403227],[-157.722735,21.403121],[-157.722544,21.403036],[-157.721845,21.401596],[-157.721083,21.399541],[-157.7189,21.3961],[-157.7089,21.3833],[-157.7087,21.3793],[-157.7126,21.3689],[-157.7106,21.3585],[-157.7088,21.3534],[-157.6971,21.3364],[-157.6938,21.3329],[-157.6619,21.3131],[-157.6518,21.3139],[-157.652629,21.308709],[-157.6537,21.302],[-157.6946,21.2739],[-157.6944,21.2665],[-157.7001,21.264],[-157.7097,21.2621],[-157.7139,21.2638],[-157.7142,21.2665],[-157.7114,21.272],[-157.7122,21.2814],[-157.7143,21.2845],[-157.7213,21.2869],[-157.7572,21.278],[-157.765,21.2789],[-157.7782,21.2735],[-157.7931,21.2604],[-157.8096,21.2577],[-157.8211,21.2606],[-157.8241,21.2646],[-157.8253,21.2714],[-157.8319,21.2795],[-157.8457,21.29],[-157.89,21.3065],[-157.894518,21.319632],[-157.898969,21.327391],[-157.90482,21.329172],[-157.918939,21.318615],[-157.917921,21.313781],[-157.913469,21.310983],[-157.910925,21.305768],[-157.952263,21.306531],[-157.950736,21.312509],[-157.951881,21.318742],[-157.967971,21.327986],[-157.973334,21.327426],[-157.989424,21.317984],[-158.0245,21.3093],[-158.044485,21.306011]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Hawaii\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5864dd59e4b0cd2dabe7c1fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tripathy, Deoki N.","contributorId":177691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tripathy","given":"Deoki","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schnitzlein, William M.","contributorId":177692,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schnitzlein","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, Patrick J.","contributorId":177693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morris","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Janssen, Don L.","contributorId":177694,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Janssen","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zuba, Jeffery K.","contributorId":177695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zuba","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Massey, Greg","contributorId":93411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massey","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Atkinson, Carter T. 0000-0002-4232-5335 catkinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4232-5335","contributorId":1124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Carter","email":"catkinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70214413,"text":"70214413 - 2000 - Ecogeochemistry of the subsurface food web at pH 0–2.5 in Iron Mountain, California, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-25T19:23:33.065411","indexId":"70214413","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-25T14:13:40","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecogeochemistry of the subsurface food web at pH 0–2.5 in Iron Mountain, California, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Pyrite oxidation in the underground mining environment of Iron Mountain, California, has created the most acidic pH values ever reported in aquatic systems. Sulfate values as high as 120 000 mg l−1 and iron as high as 27 600 mg l−1 have been measured in the mine water, which also carries abundant other dissolved metals including Al, Zn, Cu, Cd, Mn, Sb and Pb. Extreme acidity and high metal concentrations apparently do not preclude the presence of an underground acidophilic food web, which has developed with bacterial biomass at the base and heliozoans as top predators. Slimes, oil-like films, flexible and inflexible stalactites, sediments, water and precipitates were found to have distinctive communities. A variety of filamentous and non-filamentous bacteria grew in slimes in water having pH values <1.0. Fungal hyphae colonize stalactites dripping pH 1.0 water; they may help to form these drip structures. Motile hypotrichous ciliates and bdelloid rotifers are particularly abundant in slimes having a pH of 1.5. Holdfasts of the iron bacterium Leptothrix discophora attach to biofilms covering pools of standing water having a pH of 2.5 in the mine. The mine is not a closed environment – people, forced air flow and massive flushing during high intensity rainfall provide intermittent contact between the surface and underground habitats, so the mine ecosystem probably is not a restricted one.
Viral tracer studies have been used previously to study the potential for wastewater contamination of surface marine waters in the Upper and Middle Florida Keys. Two bacteriophages, the marine bacteriophage ϕHSIC and the Salmonella phage PRD1, were used as tracers in injection well and septic tank studies in Saddlebunch Keys of the Lower Florida Keys and in septic tank studies in Boot Key Harbor, Marathon, of the Middle Keys. In Boot Key Harbor, both phages were detected in a canal adjacent to the seeded septic tank within 3 h 15 min of the end of the seed period. The tracer was then detected at all sampling sites in Boot Key Harbor, including one on the opposite side of U.S. Highway 1 in Florida Bay, and at an Atlantic Ocean beach outside Boot Key Harbor. Rates of migration based on first appearance of the phage ranged from 1.7 to 57.5 m h−1. In Saddlebunch Keys, ϕHSIC and PRD1 were used to seed a residential septic tank and a commercial injection well. The septic tank tracer was not found in any surface water samples. The injection well tracer was first detected at a site most distant from the seed site, a channel that connected Sugarloaf Sound with the Atlantic Ocean. The, rate of tracer migration from the injection well to this channel ranged from 66.8 to 141 m h−1. Both tracer studies showed a rapid movement of wastewater from on-site sewage treatment and disposal systems in a southeasterly direction toward the reef tract and Atlantic Ocean, with preferential movement through tidal channels. These studies indicate that wastewater disposal systems currently in widespread use in the Florida Keys can rapidly contaminate the marine environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal and Estuarine Research Foundation","doi":"10.2307/1352892","usgsCitation":"Paul, J.H., McLaughlin, M.R., Griffin, D.W., Lipp, E.K., Stokes, R., and Rose, J.B., 2000, Rapid movement of wastewater from on-site disposal systems into surface waters in the lower Florida Keys: Estuaries, v. 23, no. 5, p. 662-668, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352892.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"662","endPage":"668","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293988,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Keys","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.633824,24.580938 ], [ -81.633824,24.714542 ], [ -81.076819,24.714542 ], [ -81.076819,24.580938 ], [ -81.633824,24.580938 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"23","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5419514fe4b091c7ffc8e801","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paul, John H.","contributorId":28183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McLaughlin, Molly R. 0000-0001-6962-6392 mmclaughlin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6962-6392","contributorId":4089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"Molly","email":"mmclaughlin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffin, Dale W. 0000-0003-1719-5812 dgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812","contributorId":2178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lipp, Erin K.","contributorId":73823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipp","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stokes, Rodger","contributorId":6383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stokes","given":"Rodger","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rose, Joan B.","contributorId":81791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Joan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70125313,"text":"70125313 - 2000 - Portable coastal observatories","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T09:32:58","indexId":"70125313","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-16T09:40:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2929,"text":"Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Portable coastal observatories","docAbstract":"Ocean observational science is in the midst of a paradigm shift from an expeditionary science centered on short research cruises and deployments of internally recording instruments to a sustained observational science where the ocean is monitored on a regular basis, much the way the atmosphere is monitored. While satellite remote sensing is one key way of meeting the challenge of real-time monitoring of large ocean regions, new technologies are required for in situ observations to measure conditions below the ocean surface and to measure ocean characteristics not observable from space. One method of making sustained observations in the coastal ocean is to install a fiber optic cable from shore to the area of interest. This approach has the advantage of providing power to offshore instruments and essentially unlimited bandwidth for data. The LEO-15 observatory offshore of New Jersey (yon Alt et al., 1997) and the planned Katama observatory offshore of Martha's Vineyard (Edson et al., 2000) use this approach. These sites, along with other cabled sites, will play an important role in coastal ocean science in the next decade. Cabled observatories, however, have two drawbacks that limit the number of sites that are likely to be installed. First, the cable and the cable installation are expensive and the shore station needed at the cable terminus is often in an environmentally sensitive area where competing interests must be resolved. Second, cabled sites are inherently limited geographically to sites within reach of the cable, so it is difficult to cover large areas of the coastal ocean.","language":"English","publisher":"Oceanography Society","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2000.30","usgsCitation":"Frye, D., Butman, B., Johnson, M., von der Heydt, K., and Lerner, S., 2000, Portable coastal observatories: Oceanography, v. 13, no. 2, p. 24-31, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2000.30.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"31","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2000.30","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293898,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Massachusetts Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.180419921875,\n 41.672911819602085\n ],\n [\n -69.58740234375,\n 41.672911819602085\n ],\n [\n -69.58740234375,\n 43.1090040242731\n ],\n [\n -71.180419921875,\n 43.1090040242731\n ],\n [\n -71.180419921875,\n 41.672911819602085\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5419514be4b091c7ffc8e7c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frye, Daniel","contributorId":67021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frye","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butman, Bradford 0000-0002-4174-2073 bbutman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-2073","contributorId":943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"Bradford","email":"bbutman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Mark","contributorId":48272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"von der Heydt, Keith","contributorId":21078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von der Heydt","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lerner, Steven","contributorId":49282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lerner","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70124948,"text":"70124948 - 2000 - Holocene and recent sediment accumulation rates in southern Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T10:20:43","indexId":"70124948","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-12T12:03:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene and recent sediment accumulation rates in southern Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"Rates of sediment accumulation in Lake Michigan are a key component of its geologic history and provide important data related to societal concerns such as shoreline erosion and the fate of anthropogenic pollutants. Previous attempts to reconstruct Holocene rates of sediment accumulation in Lake Michigan, as well as in the other Laurentian Great Lakes, have been bedeviled by the effect of refractory terrestrial material on radiocarbon ages from total organic carbon samples of lake sediments. AMS radiocarbon ages on small samples of biogenic carbonate (ostracodes and mollusks) in Lake Michigan provide accurate Holocene ages. The present bicarbonate reservoir effect is estimated from shells of mollusks collected live before atmospheric nuclear testing to be 250 yr. From paired samples of biogenic carbonate and terrestrial macrofossils, the past reservoir effect is thought to be less than 500 yr. The radiocarbon ages indicate a distinct decrease in sediment accumulation rates throughout the southern basin of Lake Michigan at about 5 ka, about the time when lake level stabilized at the Nipissing level after rising rapidly for several thousand years. Average rates of sediment accumulation for the historic period (the last 150 yr) can be estimated from radioisotopes (210Pb and 137Cs), pollen stratigraphy, and changes in sediment properties associated with human activity. Multiple methods are necessary because at any given site, problems arise in the assumptions or applicability of one or more methods. In general, the mass accumulation calculations suggest that sediments were deposited 4 to 11 times faster in the historic period than before human settlement. The character of the sediment did not change in a dramatic way, but sediment magnetic properties suggest shifts in the sources of sediment. The data suggest that some of the changes in sources and (or) character of the sediment occurred just before human settlement and were probably related to climatic changes associated with the Little Ice Age.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00007-X","usgsCitation":"Colman, S.M., King, J., Jones, G.A., Reynolds, R.L., and Bothner, M., 2000, Holocene and recent sediment accumulation rates in southern Lake Michigan: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 19, no. 6, p. 1563-1580, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00007-X.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1563","endPage":"1580","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/gsofacpubs/1749","text":"External Repository"},{"id":293828,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.04,41.61 ], [ -88.04,46.1 ], [ -84.74,46.1 ], [ -84.74,41.61 ], [ -88.04,41.61 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"19","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54140b20e4b082fed288b917","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":501048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, J.W.","contributorId":19265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Glenn A.","contributorId":17779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":501045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reynolds, R. L. 0000-0002-4572-2942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":79885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":501047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70185198,"text":"70185198 - 2000 - A compartmentalized solute transport model for redox zones in contaminated aquifers: 1. Theory and development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T10:01:50","indexId":"70185198","displayToPublicDate":"2000-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A compartmentalized solute transport model for redox zones in contaminated aquifers: 1. Theory and development","docAbstract":"This paper, the first of two parts [see Abrams and Loague, this issue], takes the compartmentalized approach for the geochemical evolution of redox zones presented by Abrams et al. [1998] and embeds it within a solute transport framework. In this paper the compartmentalized approach is generalized to facilitate the description of its incorporation into a solute transport simulator. An equivalent formulation is developed which removes any discontinuities that may occur when switching compartments. Rate‐limited redox reactions are modeled with a modified Monod relationship that allows either the organic substrate or the electron acceptor to be the rate‐limiting reactant. Thermodynamic constraints are used to inhibit lower‐energy redox reactions from occurring under infeasible geochemical conditions without imposing equilibrium on the lower‐energy reactions. The procedure used allows any redox reaction to be simulated as being kinetically limited or thermodynamically limited, depending on local geochemical conditions. Empirical reaction inhibition methods are not needed. The sequential iteration approach (SIA), a technique which allows the number of solute transport equations to be reduced, is adopted to solve the coupled geochemical/solute transport problem. When the compartmentalized approach is embedded within the SIA, with the total analytical concentration of each component as the dependent variable in the transport equation, it is possible to reduce the number of transport equations even further than with the unmodified SIA. A one‐dimensional, coupled geochemical/solute transport simulation is presented in which redox zones evolve dynamically in time and space. The compartmentalized solute transport (COMPTRAN) model described in this paper enables the development of redox zones to be simulated under both kinetic and thermodynamic constraints. The modular design of COMPTRAN facilitates the use of many different, preexisting solute transport and geochemical codes. The companion paper [Abrams and Loague, this issue] presents examples of the application of COMPTRAN to field‐scale problems.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000WR900110","usgsCitation":"Abrams , R., and Loague, K., 2000, A compartmentalized solute transport model for redox zones in contaminated aquifers: 1. Theory and development: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 8, p. 2001-2013, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900110.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2001","endPage":"2013","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000wr900110","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337716,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba421e4b0849ce97dc780","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abrams , Robert H.","contributorId":189399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abrams ","given":"Robert H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loague, Keith","contributorId":178119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loague","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185199,"text":"70185199 - 2000 - A compartmentalized solute transport model for redox zones in contaminated aquifers: 2. Field‐scale simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T10:03:36","indexId":"70185199","displayToPublicDate":"2000-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A compartmentalized solute transport model for redox zones in contaminated aquifers: 2. Field‐scale simulations","docAbstract":"This paper, the second of two parts [see Abrams and Loague, this issue], reports the field‐scale application of COMPTRAN (compartmentalized solute transport model) for simulating the development of redox zones. COMPTRAN is fully developed and described in the companion paper. Redox zones, which are often delineated by the relative concentrations of dissolved oxygen, have been observed around the globe. The distribution of other redox‐sensitive species is affected by redox zonation. At the U.S. Geological Survey's Cape Cod research site, an anoxic zone containing high concentrations of dissolved iron has been observed. Field data were abstracted from the Cape Cod site for the one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional COMPTRAN simulations reported in this paper. The purpose of the concept‐development simulations was to demonstrate that the compartmentalized approach reported by Abrams et al. [1998] can be linked with a solute transport model to simulate field‐scale phenomena. The results presented in this paper show that COMPTRAN successfully simulated the development of redox zones at the field scale, including trends in pH and alkalinity. Thermodynamic constraints were used to prevent lower‐energy redox reactions from occurring under infeasible geochemical conditions without imposing equilibrium among all redox species. Empirical methods of reaction inhibition were not needed for the simulations conducted for this study. COMPTRAN can be extended easily to include additional compartments and reactions and is capable of handling complex velocity fields in more than one dimension.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000WR900111","usgsCitation":"Abrams , R., and Loague, K., 2000, A compartmentalized solute transport model for redox zones in contaminated aquifers: 2. Field‐scale simulations: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 8, p. 2015-2029, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900111.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"2015","endPage":"2029","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000wr900111","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337717,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba421e4b0849ce97dc77e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abrams , Robert H.","contributorId":189399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abrams ","given":"Robert H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loague, Keith","contributorId":178119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loague","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}