{"pageNumber":"3001","pageRowStart":"75000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184634,"records":[{"id":70024355,"text":"70024355 - 2002 - Effects of nutrient enrichment on channel catfish growth and consumption in Mount Storm Lake, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70024355","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2594,"text":"Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of nutrient enrichment on channel catfish growth and consumption in Mount Storm Lake, West Virginia","docAbstract":"With the objective of augmenting fish production in Mount Storm Lake, Virginia Electric and Power Company initiated a programme of phosphorus addition to increase primary production, and ultimately, channel catfish (Ictaturus punctatus) growth in the 486 ha cooling reservoir. We simulated channel catfish growth dynamics using two bioenergetics modelling scenarios: (i) effects of average reservoir temperature on growth, conversion efficiency and consumption; and (ii) effects of reservoir enrichment on growth, which is simulated by increasing feeding rates. During 1991-1993, fish were sampled monthly, but sampling was increased to every 2 weeks during the peak growing season (June-September). Most of the channel catfish collected were aged 0 year and aged 1 year with rapid annual growth rates ranging from 9.0 to 13.7 J/g. We found many age 1 250-300 mm catfish, but few beyond this size. Conversion efficiency (joules gained/joules consumed) was low at approximately 18-19%. High algae consumption (40%) was evident, but consumption of zooplankton and Asiatic clam (Corbicula sp.) increased over the study. Simulated increased feeding rates showed that channel catfish were food limited in summer and fall (July-December). Weight gains with 5 and 10% feeding increases were 6-13% and 18-38%, respectively, from the baseline. Catfish of all sizes should benefit from phosphorus additions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1440-169X.2002.00184.x","issn":"13205331","usgsCitation":"Blanc, T., and Margraf, F., 2002, Effects of nutrient enrichment on channel catfish growth and consumption in Mount Storm Lake, West Virginia: Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management, v. 7, no. 2, p. 109-123, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-169X.2002.00184.x.","startPage":"109","endPage":"123","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207107,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-169X.2002.00184.x"},{"id":231740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a076ee4b0c8380cd516c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blanc, T.J.","contributorId":18137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanc","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Margraf, F.J.","contributorId":47738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Margraf","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024476,"text":"70024476 - 2002 - Does bird community structure vary with landscape patchiness? A Chihuahuan Desert perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70024476","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does bird community structure vary with landscape patchiness? A Chihuahuan Desert perspective","docAbstract":"During the springs of 1995-1997, we studied birds and landscapes at 70 sites in the Chihuahuan Desert to assess relations between bird community structure and landscape patchiness. Within each of two spatial extents (1-kin and 2-km-radius areas centered on each site), we measured the number of patches of individual land-cover types and the total number of patches of all land-cover types. Mean bird richness, and the mean abundance and probability of occurrence of most bird species were significantly correlated with one or more of these variables. Contrary to evidence from other systems, positive association with landscape patchiness did not increase with the degree to which species were habitat generalists, was not negatively related to body size, and did not differ between neotropical migrants and nonmigrants. For the communities' primary constituent species as a group, the strength of positive and negative associations with patchiness did not differ between landscape extents. Within the 1-km but not the 2-km extent, habitat specialists were more positively and negatively associated with patchiness than were habitat generalists. In general, however, neither habitat breadth, body size, nor migratory status seemed to be responsible for associations with landscape patchiness. Mean richness, and the mean abundance and probability of occurrence of most species were significantly correlated with patchiness within one or both extents, and patchiness of all of the most extensive land-cover types was influential. The simplest explanation for most of the bird-patchiness relations we found is that the associations reflected species-specific habitat needs. Through effects on avian richness, abundance, and occurrence, landscape patchiness affected bird community structure. A more complete understanding of the effects of landscape patchiness on bird community structure is likely to emerge when ecologists study the patchiness of major land-cover types at various spatial extents.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oikos","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.980210.x","issn":"00301299","usgsCitation":"Gutzwiller, K., and Barrow, W., 2002, Does bird community structure vary with landscape patchiness? A Chihuahuan Desert perspective: Oikos, v. 98, no. 2, p. 284-298, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.980210.x.","startPage":"284","endPage":"298","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207941,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.980210.x"},{"id":233262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-08-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a038ce4b0c8380cd50521","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutzwiller, K.J.","contributorId":78124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutzwiller","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrow, W.C. Jr. 0000-0003-4671-2823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":11183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"W.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024963,"text":"70024963 - 2002 - Development of the permeability/performance reference compound approach for in situ calibration of semipermeable membrane devices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-10T15:46:50","indexId":"70024963","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of the permeability/performance reference compound approach for in situ calibration of semipermeable membrane devices","docAbstract":"Permeability/performance reference compounds (PRCs) are analytically noninterfering organic compounds with moderate to high fugacity from semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) that are added to the lipid prior to membrane enclosure. Assuming that isotropic exchange kinetics (IEK) apply and that SPMD-water partition coefficients are known, measurement of PRC dissipation rate constants during SPMD field exposures and laboratory calibration studies permits the calculation of an exposure adjustment factor (EAF). In theory, PRC-derived EAF ratios reflect changes in SPMD sampling rates (relative to laboratory data) due to differences in exposure temperature, membrane biofouling, and flow velocity-turbulence at the membrane surface. Thus, the PRC approach should allow for more accurate estimates of target solute/vapor concentrations in an exposure medium. Under some exposure conditions, the impact of environmental variables on SPMD sampling rates may approach an order of magnitude. The results of this study suggest that most of the effects of temperature, facial velocity-turbulence, and biofouling on the uptake rates of analytes with a wide range of hydrophobicities can be deduced from PRCs with a much narrower range of hydrophobicities. Finally, our findings indicate that the use of PRCs permits prediction of in situ SPMD sampling rates within 2-fold of directly measured values.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es010991w","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Huckins, J., Petty, J.D., Lebo, J., Almeida, F., Booij, K., Alvarez, D., Cranor, W., Clark, R., and Mogensen, B., 2002, Development of the permeability/performance reference compound approach for in situ calibration of semipermeable membrane devices: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 1, p. 85-91, https://doi.org/10.1021/es010991w.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"91","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207817,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es010991w"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-11-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a007ce4b0c8380cd4f776","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huckins, J.N.","contributorId":62553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petty, J. D.","contributorId":86722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lebo, J.A.","contributorId":65533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lebo","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Almeida, F.V.","contributorId":21325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almeida","given":"F.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Booij, K.","contributorId":11065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booij","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Alvarez, D.A.","contributorId":39481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cranor, W.L.","contributorId":98261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cranor","given":"W.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Clark, R.C.","contributorId":49952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mogensen, B.B.","contributorId":31179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mogensen","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70024936,"text":"70024936 - 2002 - Investigations of potential bias in the estimation of lambda using Pradel's (1996) model for capture-recapture data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T10:18:20","indexId":"70024936","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2173,"text":"Journal of Applied Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigations of potential bias in the estimation of lambda using Pradel's (1996) model for capture-recapture data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Pradel's (1996) temporal symmetry model permitting direct estimation and modelling of population growth rate, u i , provides a potentially useful tool for the study of population dynamics using marked animals. Because of its recent publication date, the approach has not seen much use, and there have been virtually no investigations directed at robustness of the resulting estimators. Here we consider several potential sources of bias, all motivated by specific uses of this estimation approach. We consider sampling situations in which the study area expands with time and present an analytic expression for the bias in u i We next consider trap response in capture probabilities and heterogeneous capture probabilities and compute large-sample and simulation-based approximations of resulting bias in u i . These approximations indicate that trap response is an especially important assumption violation that can produce substantial bias. Finally, we consider losses on capture and emphasize the importance of selecting the estimator for u i that is appropriate to the question being addressed. For studies based on only sighting and resighting data, Pradel's (1996) u i ' is the appropriate estimator.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02664760120108872","issn":"02664763","usgsCitation":"Hines, J., and Nichols, J., 2002, Investigations of potential bias in the estimation of lambda using Pradel's (1996) model for capture-recapture data: Journal of Applied Statistics, v. 29, no. 1-4, p. 573-587, https://doi.org/10.1080/02664760120108872.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"573","endPage":"587","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207922,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02664760120108872"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ec1e4b0c8380cd63fea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024673,"text":"70024673 - 2002 - Influence of fracture anisotropy on ground water ages and chemistry, Valley and Ridge province, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T10:23:23","indexId":"70024673","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of fracture anisotropy on ground water ages and chemistry, Valley and Ridge province, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Model ground water ages based on chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and tritium/helium-3 (3H/3He) data were obtained from two arrays of nested piezometers located on the north limb of an anticline in fractured sedimentary rocks in the Valley and Ridge geologic province of Pennsylvania. The fracture geometry of the gently east plunging fold is very regular and consists predominately of south dipping to subhorizontal to north dipping bedding-plane parting and east striking, steeply dipping axial-plane spaced cleavage. In the area of the piezometer arrays, which trend north-south on the north limb of the fold, north dipping bedding-plane parting is a more dominant fracture set than is steeply south dipping axial-plane cleavage. The dating of ground water from the piezometer arrays reveals that ground water traveling along paths parallel to the dip direction of bedding-plane parting has younger 3H/3He and CFC model ages, or a greater component of young water, than does ground water traveling along paths opposite to the dip direction. In predominantly unmixed samples there is a strong positive correlation between age of the young fraction of water and dissolved sodium concentration. The travel times inferred from the model ages are significantly longer than those previously calculated by a ground water flow model, which assumed isotropically fractured layers parallel to topography. A revised model factors in the directional anisotropy to produce longer travel times. Ground water travel times in the watershed therefore appear to be more influenced by anisotropic fracture geometry than previously realized. This could have significant implications for ground water models in other areas underlain by similarly tilted or folded sedimentary rock, such as elsewhere in the Valley and Ridge or the early Mesozoic basins.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2002.tb02652.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Burton, W., Plummer, N., Busenberg, E., Lindsey, B., and Gburek, W., 2002, Influence of fracture anisotropy on ground water ages and chemistry, Valley and Ridge province, Pennsylvania: Ground Water, v. 40, no. 3, p. 242-257, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2002.tb02652.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"242","endPage":"257","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Valley and Ridge Province","volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b3ae4b0c8380cd6233c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, W.C.","contributorId":41439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":402189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Busenberg, E.","contributorId":56796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindsey, B.D.","contributorId":89696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gburek, W.J.","contributorId":76098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gburek","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024510,"text":"70024510 - 2002 - Response of the San Andreas fault to the 1983 Coalinga-Nuñez earthquakes: an application of interaction-based probabilities for Parkfield","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-07T14:03:04","indexId":"70024510","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of the San Andreas fault to the 1983 Coalinga-Nuñez earthquakes: an application of interaction-based probabilities for Parkfield","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Parkfield-Cholame section of the San Andreas fault, site of an unfulfilled earthquake forecast in 1985, is the best monitored section of the world's most closely watched fault. In 1983, the&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;= 6.5 Coalinga and&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;= 6.0 Nu&ntilde;ez events struck 25 km northeast of Parkfield. Seismicity rates climbed for 18 months along the creeping section of the San Andreas north of Parkfield and dropped for 6 years along the locked section to the south. Right-lateral creep also slowed or reversed from Parkfield south. Here we calculate that the Coalinga sequence increased the shear and Coulomb stress on the creeping section, causing the rate of small shocks to rise until the added stress was shed by additional slip. However, the 1983 events decreased the shear and Coulomb stress on the Parkfield segment, causing surface creep and seismicity rates to drop. We use these observations to cast the likelihood of a Parkfield earthquake into an interaction-based probability, which includes both the renewal of stress following the 1966 Parkfield earthquake and the stress transfer from the 1983 Coalinga events. We calculate that the 1983 shocks dropped the 10-year probability of a&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;&sim; 6 Parkfield earthquake by 22% (from 54 &plusmn; 22% to 42 &plusmn; 23%) and that the probability did not recover until about 1991, when seismicity and creep resumed. Our analysis may thus explain why the Parkfield earthquake did not strike in the 1980s, but not why it was absent in the 1990s. We calculate a 58 &plusmn; 17% probability of a&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;&sim; 6 Parkfield earthquake during 2001&ndash;2011.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000172","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Toda, S., and Stein, R.S., 2002, Response of the San Andreas fault to the 1983 Coalinga-Nuñez earthquakes: an application of interaction-based probabilities for Parkfield: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. 6, p. ESE 6-1-ESE 6-16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000172.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"ESE 6-1","endPage":"ESE 6-16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478809,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb000172","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-06-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa71e4b0c8380cd86331","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toda, Shinji","contributorId":43062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toda","given":"Shinji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stein, Ross S. 0000-0001-7586-3933 rstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7586-3933","contributorId":2604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Ross","email":"rstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024349,"text":"70024349 - 2002 - Does electric fishing influence movements of fishes in streams? Experiments with brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70024349","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1659,"text":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does electric fishing influence movements of fishes in streams? Experiments with brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2400.2002.00293.x","issn":"0969997X","usgsCitation":"Dunham, K., Stone, J., and Moring, J., 2002, Does electric fishing influence movements of fishes in streams? Experiments with brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis: Fisheries Management and Ecology, v. 9, no. 4, p. 249-251, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2400.2002.00293.x.","startPage":"249","endPage":"251","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207106,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2400.2002.00293.x"},{"id":231739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0390e4b0c8380cd50537","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunham, K.A.","contributorId":11382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, J.","contributorId":91210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moring, J.R.","contributorId":29587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70179928,"text":"70179928 - 2002 - Spring viremia of carp","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T11:54:48","indexId":"70179928","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spring viremia of carp","docAbstract":"<p><span>pring viremia of carp (SVC) is an important disease affecting cyprinids, mainly common carp </span><i>Cyprinus carpio</i><span>. The disease is widespread in European carp culture, where it causes significant morbidity and mortality. Designated a notifiable disease by the Office International des Epizooties, SVC is caused by a rhabdovirus, spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV). Affected fish show destruction of tissues in the kidney, spleen and liver, leading to hemorrhage, loss of water-salt balance and impairment of immune response. High mortality occurs at water temperatures of 10 to 17°C, typically in spring. At higher temperatures, infected carp develop humoral antibodies that can neutralize the spread of virus and such carp are protected against re-infection by solid immunity. The virus is shed mostly with the feces and urine of clinically infected fish and by carriers. Waterborne transmission is believed to be the primary route of infection, but bloodsucking parasites like leeches and the carp louse may serve as mechanical vectors of SVCV. The genome of SVCV is composed of a single molecule of linear, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA containing 5 genes in the order 3¹-NPMGL-5¹ coding for the viral nucleoprotein, phosphoprotein, matrix protein, glycoprotein, and polymerase, respectively. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the viral proteins, and sequence homologies between the genes and gene junctions of SVCV and vesicular stomatitis viruses, have led to the placement of the virus as a tentative member of the genus </span><i>Vesiculovirus</i><span> in the family </span><i>Rhabdoviridae</i><span>. These methods also revealed that SVCV is not related to fish rhabdoviruses of the genus </span><i>Novirhabdovirus</i><span>. </span><i>In vitro</i><span> replication of SVCV takes place in the cytoplasm of cultured cells of fish, bird and mammalian origin at temperatures of 4 to 31°C, with an optimum of about 20°C. Spring viremia of carp can be diagnosed by clinical signs, isolation of virus in cell culture and molecular methods. Antibodies directed against SVCV react with the homologous virus in serum neutralization, immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, but they cross-react to various degrees with the pike fry rhabdovirus (PFR), suggesting the 2 viruses are closely related. However, SVCV and PFR can be distinguished by certain serological tests and molecular methods such as the ribonuclease protection assay.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research ","doi":"10.3354/dao052261","usgsCitation":"Ahne, W., Bjorklund, H., Essbauer, S., Fijan, N., Kurath, G., and Winton, J., 2002, Spring viremia of carp: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 52, p. 261-272, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao052261.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"261","endPage":"272","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao052261","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":333574,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5883302be4b0d002316377fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahne, W.","contributorId":28554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahne","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bjorklund, H.V.","contributorId":178492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bjorklund","given":"H.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Essbauer, S.","contributorId":178493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Essbauer","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fijan, N.","contributorId":67333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fijan","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kurath, G.","contributorId":152437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":659233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70024846,"text":"70024846 - 2002 - A Holocene paleosecular variation from 14C-dated volcanic rocks in western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T16:34:56.962468","indexId":"70024846","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"A Holocene paleosecular variation from <sup>14</sup>C-dated volcanic rocks in western North America","title":"A Holocene paleosecular variation from 14C-dated volcanic rocks in western North America","docAbstract":"<p><span>A paleosecular variation (PSV) curve for western North America is presented on the basis of 94 virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs) from dated volcanic rocks sampled at 446 sites. Approximately 60% of the paleomagnetic database has been previously published. A curve defined by “spherical smoothed splines” is fitted to the VGPs, ranked by the quality of the age determinations, where the data density is highest between 3690 and −30 years before present (B.P.) (A.D. 1950), between 7800 and 7050 years B.P., and between 14,060 and 12,700 years B.P. The younger segments of the curve derived from volcanic rocks are similar but less complex than other high-resolution PSV curves derived from lacustrine sediments, particularly the record at Fish Lake, Oregon. The PSV record from lava flows (PSVL), however, is perhaps more reliable in its general shape and chronology because of the higher fidelity of volcanic rocks as magnetic field recorders and because of the greater density of&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C dates. The new PSVL record provides a partial Holocene master curve for western North America and will be of particular value in dating geological and archeological materials using paleomagnetic directions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000524","usgsCitation":"Hagstrum, J.T., and Champion, D.E., 2002, A Holocene paleosecular variation from 14C-dated volcanic rocks in western North America: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B1, p. EPM 8-1-EPM 8-14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000524.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"EPM 8-1","endPage":"EPM 8-14","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478667,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb000524","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, 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,{"id":70024601,"text":"70024601 - 2002 - Molecular analysis of a 11 700-year-old rodent midden from the Atacama Desert, Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024601","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular analysis of a 11 700-year-old rodent midden from the Atacama Desert, Chile","docAbstract":"DNA was extracted from an 11 700-year-old rodent midden from the Atacama Desert, Chile and the chloroplast and animal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene sequences were analysed to investigate the floral environment surrounding the midden, and the identity of the midden agent. The plant sequences, together with the macroscopic identifications, suggest the presence of 13 plant families and three orders that no longer exist today at the midden locality, and thus point to a much more diverse and humid climate 11 700 years ago. The mtDNA sequences suggest the presence of at least four different vertebrates, which have been putatively identified as a camelid (vicuna), two rodents (Phyllotis and Abrocoma), and a cardinal bird (Passeriformes). To identify the midden agent, DNA was extracted from pooled faecal pellets, three small overlapping fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene were amplified and multiple clones were sequenced. These results were analysed along with complete cytochrome b sequences for several modern Phyllotis species to place the midden sequence phylogenetically. The results identified the midden agent as belonging to an ancestral P. limatus. Today, P. limatus is not found at the midden locality but it can be found 100 km to the north, indicating at least a small range shift. The more extensive sampling of modern Phyllotis reinforces the suggestion that P. limatus is recently derived from a peripheral isolate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01492.x","issn":"09621083","usgsCitation":"Kuch, M., Rohland, N., Betancourt, J., Latorre, C., Steppan, S., and Poinar, H., 2002, Molecular analysis of a 11 700-year-old rodent midden from the Atacama Desert, Chile: Molecular Ecology, v. 11, no. 5, p. 913-924, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01492.x.","startPage":"913","endPage":"924","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207779,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01492.x"},{"id":232982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5cefe4b0c8380cd7004d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuch, M.","contributorId":68502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuch","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rohland, N.","contributorId":56420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohland","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":401857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Latorre, C.","contributorId":101797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latorre","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Steppan, S.","contributorId":90503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steppan","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Poinar, H.N.","contributorId":25730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poinar","given":"H.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70024792,"text":"70024792 - 2002 - Water quality in shallow alluvial aquifers, Upper Colorado River Basin, Colorado, 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-03T22:17:22.043407","indexId":"70024792","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water quality in shallow alluvial aquifers, Upper Colorado River Basin, Colorado, 1997","docAbstract":"<p><span>Shallow ground water in areas of increasing urban development within the Upper Colorado River Basin was sampled for inorganic and organic constituents to characterize water-quality conditions and to identify potential anthropogenic effects resulting from development. In 1997, 25 shallow monitoring wells were installed and sampled in five areas of urban development in Eagle, Grand, Gunnison, and Summit Counties, Colorado. The results of this study indicate that the shallow ground water in the study area is suitable for most uses. Nonparametric statistical methods showed that constituents and parameters measured in the shallow wells were often significantly different between the five developing urban areas. Radon concentrations exceeded the proposed USEPA maximum contaminant level at all sites. The presence of nutrients, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds indicate anthropogenic activities are affecting the shallow ground-water quality in the study area. Nitrate as N concentrations greater than 2.0 mg/L were observed in ground water recharged between the 1980s and 1990s. Low concentrations of methylene blue active substances were detected at a few sites. Total coliform bacteria were detected at ten sites; however,&nbsp;</span><i>E. coli</i><span>&nbsp;was not detected. Continued monitoring is needed to assess the effects of increasing urban development on the shallow ground-water quality in the study area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb01541.x","usgsCitation":"Apodaca, L.E., Bails, J., and Smith, C.M., 2002, Water quality in shallow alluvial aquifers, Upper Colorado River Basin, Colorado, 1997: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 38, no. 1, p. 133-149, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb01541.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"149","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.97338867187499,\n              38.324420427006544\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.90771484375,\n              37.76202988573211\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.24853515625,\n              37.75334401310656\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.76513671875,\n              37.79676317682161\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.4794921875,\n              38.07404145941957\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.23779296875,\n              38.46219172306828\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.19384765625,\n              39.07037913108751\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.10595703125,\n              39.74943369178247\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.523681640625,\n              40.06125658140474\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.46875,\n              40.421860362045194\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.72119140625,\n              40.63896734381723\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.77587890625,\n              40.40513069752789\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.2373046875,\n              39.757879992021756\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.072265625,\n              39.49556336059472\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.97338867187499,\n              38.324420427006544\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc89ae4b08c986b32c9fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Apodaca, Lori E. lapodaca@usgs.gov","contributorId":1844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Apodaca","given":"Lori","email":"lapodaca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":402637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bails, J. B.","contributorId":26856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bails","given":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, C. Michelle","contributorId":93900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michelle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024468,"text":"70024468 - 2002 - Evidence for the timing and duration of the last interglacial period from high-precision uranium-series ages of corals on tectonically stable coastlines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70024468","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for the timing and duration of the last interglacial period from high-precision uranium-series ages of corals on tectonically stable coastlines","docAbstract":"The last interglacial period has a timing and duration that can be estimated from U-series dating of emergent, coral-bearing deposits on tectonically stable coastlines. High-precision dating from Bermuda, the Bahamas, Hawaii, and Australia suggests that the last interglacial period had a sea level at least as high as present from ???128,000 to 116,000 yr B.P. Sea level reached a near-present level more quickly after the close of the penultimate glacial period than at the close of the last glacial period and the duration of high sea level is longer than that implied by the deep-sea record. ?? 2002 University of Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.2002.2339","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., 2002, Evidence for the timing and duration of the last interglacial period from high-precision uranium-series ages of corals on tectonically stable coastlines: Quaternary Research, v. 58, no. 1, p. 36-40, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.2002.2339.","startPage":"36","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207864,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2002.2339"},{"id":233120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d56e4b0c8380cd52f6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024277,"text":"70024277 - 2002 - Implications of water supply for indigenous Americans during Holocene ardity phases on the Southern High Plains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024277","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of water supply for indigenous Americans during Holocene ardity phases on the Southern High Plains, USA","docAbstract":"Springs in the 40 to 50 large lake basins (>15 km2) on the southern portion of the Southern High Plains (SHP) were active during periods of aridity in the Holocene when there may have been human habitation of the area. Eolian erosion of the lake floors and lunette accretion occurred as groundwater levels declined in response to decreased groundwater recharge. The declining lake floor associated with eolian erosion allowed groundwater evaporative discharge to continue, thus maintaining a groundwater gradient toward the lake. This hydrologic condition was favorable for a relatively continuous spring discharge to the lake, independent of the elevation of the lake floor. To evaluate the postulated dynamic equilibrium critical to this conclusion, 17 optically stimulated ages were determined from a 17.7-m deep core of a lunette adjacent to Double Lakes, Texas (33??13???15???N, 101??54???08???W). The core yielded sediment accumulation dates of 11,500 ?? 1100, 6500 ?? 700, and 4900 ?? 500 yr B.P., corresponding broadly with periods of aridity known from other evidence. Based on analysis of this lunette, it is concluded that springs in Double Lakes basin probably existed throughout the Holocene with discharges similar to those observed historically. We assumed that similar dynamic equilibrium existed in the other large lake basins in the SHP and that these springs could have provided a continuous source of water for indigenous peoples during periods of prolonged aridity. The dynamic equilibrium that is proposed in this study is applicable not only to other arid and semiarid geographic areas with wind-erodible material but also over different geologic times. ?? 2002 University of Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.2002.2355","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Wood, W., Stokes, S., and Rich, J., 2002, Implications of water supply for indigenous Americans during Holocene ardity phases on the Southern High Plains, USA: Quaternary Research, v. 58, no. 2, p. 139-148, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.2002.2355.","startPage":"139","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207101,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2002.2355"},{"id":231731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3931e4b0c8380cd61838","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, W.W.","contributorId":21974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stokes, S.","contributorId":58041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stokes","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rich, J.","contributorId":59193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rich","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024799,"text":"70024799 - 2002 - Primary surface rupture associated with the Mw 7.1 16 October 1999 Hector Mine earthquake, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024799","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Primary surface rupture associated with the Mw 7.1 16 October 1999 Hector Mine earthquake, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"The Mw 7.1 Hector Mine earthquake occurred within the Mojave Desert portion of the eastern California shear zone and was accompanied by 48 km of dextral surface rupture. Complex northward rupture began on two branches of the Lavic Lake fault in the northern Bullion Mountains and also propagated southward onto the Bullion fault. Lesser amounts of rupture occurred across two right steps to the south. Surface rupture was mapped using postearthquake, 1:10,000-scale aerial photography. Field mapping provided additional detail and more than 400 fault-rupture observations; of these, approximately 300 measurements were used to characterize the slip distribution. En echelon surface rupture predominated in areas of thick alluvium, whereas in the bedrock areas, rupture was more continuous and focused within a narrower zone. Measured dextral offsets were relatively symmetrical about the epicentral region, with a maximum displacement of 5.25 ?? 0.85 m. Vertical slip was a secondary component and was variable, with minor west-side-down displacements predominat.ing in the Bullion Mountains. Field and aerial photographic evidence indicates that most of the faults that ruptured in 1999 had had prior late-Quaternary displacement, although only limited sections of the rupture show evidence for prior Holocene displacement.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120000923","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Treiman, J., Kendrick, K., Bryant, W., Rockwell, T.K., and McGill, S., 2002, Primary surface rupture associated with the Mw 7.1 16 October 1999 Hector Mine earthquake, San Bernardino County, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 4, p. 1171-1191, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000923.","startPage":"1171","endPage":"1191","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207958,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000923"},{"id":233281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b9de4b0c8380cd7e2ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Treiman, J.A.","contributorId":19735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Treiman","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendrick, K.J. 0000-0002-9839-6861","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-6861","contributorId":48595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendrick","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bryant, W. A.","contributorId":56255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"W. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rockwell, T. K.","contributorId":34688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rockwell","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGill, S.F.","contributorId":54356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGill","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024682,"text":"70024682 - 2002 - Pathways for nitrate release from an alpine watershed: Determination using δ15N and δ18O","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T11:34:07","indexId":"70024682","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Pathways for nitrate release from an alpine watershed: Determination using δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>18</sup>O","title":"Pathways for nitrate release from an alpine watershed: Determination using δ15N and δ18O","docAbstract":"<p><span>Snowpack, snowmelt, precipitation, surface water, and groundwater samples from the Loch Vale watershed in Colorado were analyzed for δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N and δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O of nitrate to determine the processes controlling the release of atmospherically deposited nitrogen from alpine and subalpine ecosystems. Although overlap was found between the δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N</span><sub>(NO3)</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>values for all water types (−4 to +6‰), the δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>(NO3)</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>values for surface water and groundwater (+10 to +30‰) were usually distinct from snowpack, snowmelt, and rainfall values (+40 to +70‰). During snowmelt, δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>(NO3)</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>indicated that about half of the nitrate in stream water was the product of microbial nitrification; at other times that amount was greater than half. Springs emerging from talus deposits had high nitrate concentrations and a seasonal pattern in δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>(NO3)</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>that was similar to the pattern in the streams, indicating that shallow groundwater in talus deposits is a likely source of stream water nitrate. Only a few samples of surface water and groundwater collected during early snowmelt and large summer rain events had isotopic compositions that indicated most of the nitrate came directly from atmospheric deposition with no biological assimilation and release. This study demonstrates the value of the nitrate double‐isotope technique for determining nitrogen‐cycling processes and sources of nitrate in small, undisturbed watersheds that are enriched with inorganic nitrogen.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001WR000294","usgsCitation":"Campbell, D.H., Kendall, C., Chang, C.C., Silva, S.R., and Tonnessen, K.A., 2002, Pathways for nitrate release from an alpine watershed: Determination using δ15N and δ18O: Water Resources Research, v. 38, no. 5, p. 10-1-10-9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR000294.","productDescription":"Article 1052; 9 p.","startPage":"10-1","endPage":"10-9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478775,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001wr000294","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75abe4b0c8380cd77c90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Donald H. dhcampbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Donald","email":"dhcampbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":402238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":402237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chang, Cecily C.Y.","contributorId":68032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Cecily","email":"","middleInitial":"C.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Silva, Steven R. srsilva@usgs.gov","contributorId":3162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"Steven","email":"srsilva@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":402235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tonnessen, Kathy A.","contributorId":9588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonnessen","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024171,"text":"70024171 - 2002 - Distinguishing palagonitized from pedogenically-altered basaltic Hawaiian tephra: Mineralogical and geochemical criteria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-04T10:29:59","indexId":"70024171","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distinguishing palagonitized from pedogenically-altered basaltic Hawaiian tephra: Mineralogical and geochemical criteria","docAbstract":"<p>Palagonitization is a common, but imperfectly defined process that greatly modifies the physical and chemical properties of glassy basaltic tephra deposited in subaquatic/subglacial environments on Earth and perhaps Mars. It also results in textures and mineralogies that are distinct from other forms of (mainly pedogenic) low temperature alteration. Specifically, the process of palagonitization (1) initially results in the formation of 'palaginitized glass', a quasi- or nano-crystalline, rind-like material that contains smectite, as well as lesser amounts of other clays (e.g. serpentine), and (2) eventually results in consolidation of tephra, mediated through the accretion of palagonitized glass and later- formed authigenic cements. Conversely, pedogenic weathering of glassy basaltic tephra is characterized by disaggregation of tephra, and formation of a wide range of pedogenic products, including layer silicates (although not primarily smectite), short-range-order aluminosilicates and oxyhydroxides, whose composition reflects the intensity of the weathering environment. These mineralogical and textural properties can be readily recognized through a variety of techniques including electron microscopy/microprobe analysis, reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and soil chemistry. Analyses of samples collected from the summit regions of Kilauea and Mauna Kea volcanoes on the island of Hawaii are presented here in order to illustrate differences between palagonitization and pedogenic weathering of glassy basaltic tephra. In the young Hawaiian tephras studied, palagonitization has occurred in response to hydrothermal activity shortly after deposition. Although some, non-hydrothermally affected tephras may eventually become palagonitized, those that have been strongly desilicated by intense pedogenic weathering will probably never become palagonitized.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/GSL.SP.2002.202.01.20","issn":"03058719","usgsCitation":"Schiffmant, P., Southard, R., Eberl, D.D., and Bishop, J., 2002, Distinguishing palagonitized from pedogenically-altered basaltic Hawaiian tephra: Mineralogical and geochemical criteria: Geological Society Special Publication, no. 202, p. 393-405, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2002.202.01.20.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"405","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"202","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-02-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0251e4b0c8380cd4ffd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schiffmant, Peter","contributorId":51016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiffmant","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Southard, R.J.","contributorId":83703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southard","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bishop, J.L.","contributorId":83244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024289,"text":"70024289 - 2002 - Subsidence at Kiska volcano, Western Aleutians, detected by satellite radar interferometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-25T14:48:46","indexId":"70024289","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsidence at Kiska volcano, Western Aleutians, detected by satellite radar interferometry","docAbstract":"<p>Sequential interferometric synthetic aperture radar images of Kiska, the westernmost historically active volcano in the Aleutian arc, show that a circular area about 3 km in diameter centered near the summit subsided by as much as 10 cm from 1995 to 2001, mostly during 1999 and 2000. An elastic Mogi-type deformation model suggests that the source is within 1 km of the surface. Based on the shallow source depth, the copious amounts of steam during recent eruptions, and recent field reports of vigorous steaming and persistent ground shaking near the summit area, we attribute the subsidence to decreased pore-fluid pressure within a shallow hydrothermal system beneath the summit area.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2002GL014948","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., Masterlark, T., Power, J., Dzurisin, D., and Wicks, C., 2002, Subsidence at Kiska volcano, Western Aleutians, detected by satellite radar interferometry: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 29, no. 18, p. 2-1-2-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL014948.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2-1","endPage":"2-4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478764,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.725.2579","text":"External Repository"},{"id":231920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-09-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d49e4b08c986b31d75c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masterlark, Timothy","contributorId":92829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Masterlark","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35607,"text":"South Dakota School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":400735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Power, J.","contributorId":48699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dzurisin, D.","contributorId":76067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wicks, Charles 0000-0002-0809-1328","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-1328","contributorId":9023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Charles","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024351,"text":"70024351 - 2002 - Aftershock triggering by complete Coulomb stress changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T15:37:27.819557","indexId":"70024351","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aftershock triggering by complete Coulomb stress changes","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examine the correlation between seismicity rate change following the 1992,&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>7.3, Landers, California, earthquake and characteristics of the complete Coulomb failure stress (CFS) changes (ΔCFS(</span><i>t</i><span>)) that this earthquake generated. At close distances the time-varying “dynamic” portion of the stress change depends on how the rupture develops temporally and spatially and arises from radiated seismic waves and from permanent coseismic fault displacement. The permanent “static” portion (ΔCFS) depends only on the final coseismic displacement. ΔCFS diminishes much more rapidly with distance than the transient, dynamic stress changes. A common interpretation of the strong correlation between ΔCFS and aftershocks is that load changes can advance or delay failure. Stress changes may also promote failure by physically altering properties of the fault or its environs. Because it is transient, ΔCFS(</span><i>t</i><span>) can alter the failure rate only by the latter means. We calculate both ΔCFS and the maximum positive value of ΔCFS(</span><i>t</i><span>) (peak ΔCFS(</span><i>t</i><span>)) using a reflectivity program. Input parameters are constrained by modeling Landers displacement seismograms. We quantify the correlation between maps of seismicity rate changes and maps of modeled ΔCFS and peak ΔCFS(</span><i>t</i><span>) and find agreement for both models. However, rupture directivity, which does not affect ΔCFS, creates larger peak ΔCFS(</span><i>t</i><span>) values northwest of the main shock. This asymmetry is also observed in seismicity rate changes but not in ΔCFS. This result implies that dynamic stress changes are as effective as static stress changes in triggering aftershocks and may trigger earthquakes long after the waves have passed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000202","usgsCitation":"Kilb, D., Gomberg, J., and Bodin, P., 2002, Aftershock triggering by complete Coulomb stress changes: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B4, p. ESE 2-1-ESE 2-14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000202.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"ESE 2-1","endPage":"ESE 2-14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478773,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb000202","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8d2e4b0c8380cd47ec8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kilb, Debi","contributorId":90892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilb","given":"Debi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gomberg, J.","contributorId":95994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodin, P.","contributorId":29554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024252,"text":"70024252 - 2002 - Isotope-abundance variations of selected elements (IUPAC technical report)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T09:48:49","indexId":"70024252","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3207,"text":"Pure and Applied Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotope-abundance variations of selected elements (IUPAC technical report)","docAbstract":"Documented variations in the isotopic compositions of some chemical elements are responsible for expanded uncertainties in the standard atomic weights published by the Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. This report summarizes reported variations in the isotopic compositions of 20 elements that are due to physical and chemical fractionation processes (not due to radioactive decay) and their effects on the standard atomic-weight uncertainties. For 11 of those elements (hydrogen, lithium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, sulfur, chlorine, copper, and selenium), standard atomic-weight uncertainties have been assigned values that are substantially larger than analytical uncertainties because of common isotope-abundance variations in materials of natural terrestrial origin. For 2 elements (chromium and thallium), recently reported isotope-abundance variations potentially are large enough to result in future expansion of their atomic-weight uncertainties. For 7 elements (magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc, molybdenum, palladium, and tellurium), documented isotope variations in materials of natural terrestrial origin are too small to have a significant effect on their standard atomic-weight uncertainties. This compilation indicates the extent to which the atomic weight of an element in a given material may differ from the standard atomic weight of the element. For most elements given above, data are graphically illustrated by a diagram in which the materials are specified in the ordinate and the compositional ranges are plotted along the abscissa in scales of (1) atomic weight, (2) mole fraction of a selected isotope, and (3) delta value of a selected isotope ratio.","language":"English","publisher":"International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry","doi":"10.1351/pac200274101987","issn":"00334545","usgsCitation":"Coplen, T., Böhlke, J., De Bievre, P., Ding, T., Holden, N., Hopple, J., Krouse, H., Lamberty, A., Peiser, H., Revesz, K., Rieder, S., Rosman, K., Roth, E., Taylor, P., Vocke, R., and Xiao, Y., 2002, Isotope-abundance variations of selected elements (IUPAC technical report): Pure and Applied Chemistry, v. 74, no. 10, p. 1987-2017, https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200274101987.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"1987","endPage":"2017","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478765,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200274101987","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f8ee4b0c8380cd645f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"De Bievre, P.","contributorId":22399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Bievre","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ding, T.","contributorId":70450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ding","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holden, N.E.","contributorId":9032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holden","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hopple, J.A. 0000-0003-3180-2252","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3180-2252","contributorId":85235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopple","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Krouse, H.R.","contributorId":63067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krouse","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lamberty, A.","contributorId":49414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamberty","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Peiser, H.S.","contributorId":64303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peiser","given":"H.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Revesz, K.","contributorId":95202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revesz","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rieder, S.E.","contributorId":66751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rieder","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Rosman, K.J.R.","contributorId":27903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosman","given":"K.J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Roth, E.","contributorId":90499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Taylor, P.D.P.","contributorId":74164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"P.D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Vocke, R.D. Jr.","contributorId":9310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vocke","given":"R.D.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Xiao, Y.K.","contributorId":68068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiao","given":"Y.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}}
,{"id":70024946,"text":"70024946 - 2002 - Simulation of the mobility of metal-EDTA complexes in groundwater: The influence of contaminant metals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T09:27:30","indexId":"70024946","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of the mobility of metal-EDTA complexes in groundwater: The influence of contaminant metals","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">Reactive transport simulations were conducted to model chemical reactions between metal−EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) complexes during transport in a mildly acidic quartz−sand aquifer. Simulations were compared with the results of small-scale tracer tests wherein nickel−, zinc−, and calcium−EDTA complexes and free EDTA were injected into three distinct chemical zones of a plume of sewage-contaminated groundwater. One zone had a large mass of adsorbed, sewage-derived zinc; one zone had a large mass of adsorbed manganese resulting from mildly reducing conditions created by the sewage plume; and one zone had significantly less adsorbed manganese and negligible zinc background. The chemical model assumed that the dissolution of iron(III) from metal−hydroxypolymer coatings on the aquifer sediments by the metal−EDTA complexes was kinetically restricted. All other reactions, including metal−EDTA complexation, zinc and manganese adsorption, and aluminum hydroxide dissolution were assumed to reach equilibrium on the time scale of transport; equilibrium constants were either taken from the literature or determined independently in the laboratory. A single iron(III) dissolution rate constant was used to fit the breakthrough curves observed in the zone with negligible zinc background. Simulation results agreed well with the experimental data in all three zones, which included temporal moments derived from breakthrough curves at different distances downgradient from the injections and spatial moments calculated from synoptic samplings conducted at different times. Results show that the tracer cloud was near equilibrium with respect to Fe in the sediment after 11 m of transport in the Zn-contaminated region but remained far from equilibrium in the other two zones. Sensitivity studies showed that the relative rate of iron(III) dissolution by the different metal−EDTA complexes was less important than the fact that these reactions are rate controlled. Results suggest that the published solubility for ferrihydrite reasonably approximates the Fe solubility of the hydroxypolymer coatings on the sediments. Aluminum may be somewhat more soluble than represented by the equilibrium constant for gibbsite, and its dissolution may be rate controlled when reacting with Ca−EDTA complexes.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es010926m","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Friedly, J., Kent, D., and Davis, J., 2002, Simulation of the mobility of metal-EDTA complexes in groundwater: The influence of contaminant metals: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 3, p. 355-363, https://doi.org/10.1021/es010926m.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"363","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207658,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es010926m"}],"volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b90ade4b08c986b319628","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedly, J.C.","contributorId":62796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedly","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kent, D.B.","contributorId":16588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024477,"text":"70024477 - 2002 - Effects of topography on the transport of agricultural chemicals to groundwater in a sand-plain setting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T09:12:17","indexId":"70024477","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of topography on the transport of agricultural chemicals to groundwater in a sand-plain setting","docAbstract":"<p><span>Geochemical data were collected to investigate the effects of topography and focused recharge on the transport of agricultural chemicals to groundwater through sandy soils. The research was done at a topographically high (upland) site and a depressional (lowland) site within a corn field. Agricultural chemicals that move readily with water were most directly affected by focused recharge to the lowland site. Surface runoff of water to the lowland site was the primary cause for the generally greater flux of chloride, nitrate nitrogen, and sulfate compared with the upland site. Based on data from the unsaturated zone, for example, the average annual fluxes of these chemicals in 1992&ndash;1993 were 5.1, 3.4, and 1.7 times greater, respectively, at the lowland site. Study results indicate that consideration should be given to modifying site-specific management farming technology to account for varying recharge rates in different topographic settings. By reducing chemical application rates in topographic depressions, where focused recharge of chemicals occurs because of surface runoff, farmers could improve ground-water quality as well as reduce expenditures for agricultural chemicals.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydrogeologists","doi":"10.1007/s10040-002-0208-6","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Delin, G., and Landon, M., 2002, Effects of topography on the transport of agricultural chemicals to groundwater in a sand-plain setting: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 10, no. 4, p. 443-454, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-002-0208-6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"443","endPage":"454","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207942,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-002-0208-6"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.5430908203125,\n              45.21687321093267\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.5430908203125,\n              45.49287107405929\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.07891845703125,\n              45.49287107405929\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.07891845703125,\n              45.21687321093267\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.5430908203125,\n              45.21687321093267\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0810e4b0c8380cd51967","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landon, M.K. 0000-0002-5766-0494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":69572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024798,"text":"70024798 - 2002 - Behavioural and physiological response of trout to winter habitat in tailwaters in Wyoming, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024798","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavioural and physiological response of trout to winter habitat in tailwaters in Wyoming, USA","docAbstract":"Fisheries managers have often suggested that survival of trout during the winter is a major factor affecting population densities in many stream ecosystems in the Rocky Mountains. In Wyoming, trout population reductions from fall to spring in excess of 90% have been documented in some reservoir tailwaters. Though biologists have surmised that these reductions were the result of either mortality or emigration from some river sections, the specific mechanisms have not been defined and the factors leading to the trout loss are unknown. This is a review of four studies that were conducted or funded between 1991 and 1998 by the Wyoming Game and Fish Department to understand the extent of overwinter losses, identify some of the mechanisms leading to those conditions and develop management strategies to help avoid those impacts. Winter studies were conducted on tailwater fisheries in the Green, North Platte, Bighorn and Shoshone rivers to document trout population dynamics, assess physical habitat availability, evaluate trout movement and habitat selection, and understand the relationships between food availability and bioenergetic relationships. Results indicate that winter trout losses are extreme in some years, that trout movement and habitat selection are affected by supercooled flows, and that mortality is probably not directly due to starvation. The combination of physiological impairment with frequently altered habitat availability probably leads to indirect mortality from predators and other factors. Copyright ?? 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.376","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Annear, T., Hubert, W., Simpkins, D., and Hebdon, L., 2002, Behavioural and physiological response of trout to winter habitat in tailwaters in Wyoming, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 16, no. 4, p. 915-925, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.376.","startPage":"915","endPage":"925","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207937,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.376"},{"id":233249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0ace4b0c8380cd4a854","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Annear, T.C.","contributorId":65640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Annear","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.","contributorId":77707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simpkins, D.","contributorId":101851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpkins","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hebdon, L.","contributorId":95656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hebdon","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024503,"text":"70024503 - 2002 - The 12 September 1999 Upper East Rift Zone dike intrusion at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T15:23:19.48429","indexId":"70024503","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 12 September 1999 Upper East Rift Zone dike intrusion at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>Deformation associated with an earthquake swarm on 12 September 1999 in the Upper East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano was recorded by continuous GPS receivers and by borehole tiltmeters. Analyses of campaign GPS, leveling data, and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data from the ERS-2 satellite also reveal significant deformation from the swarm. We interpret the swarm as resulting from a dike intrusion and model the deformation field using a constant pressure dike source. Nonlinear inversion was used to find the model that best fits the data. The optimal dike is located beneath and slightly to the west of Mauna Ulu, dips steeply toward the south, and strikes nearly east-west. It is approximately 3 by 2 km across and was driven by a pressure of ∼15 MPa. The total volume of the dike was 3.3 × 10</span><sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;m</span><sup>3</sup><span>. Tilt data indicate a west to east propagation direction. Lack of premonitory inflation of Kilauea's summit suggests a passive intrusion; that is, the immediate cause of the intrusion was probably tensile failure in the shallow crust of the Upper East Rift Zone brought about by persistent deep rifting and by continued seaward sliding of Kilauea's south flank.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000602","usgsCitation":"Cervelli, P., Segall, P., Amelung, F., Garbeil, H., Meertens, C., Owen, S., Mikijus, A., and Lisowski, M., 2002, The 12 September 1999 Upper East Rift Zone dike intrusion at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B7, p. ECV 3-1-ECV 3-13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000602.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"ECV 3-1","endPage":"ECV 3-13","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.35766601562497,\n              19.283924564443133\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.10498046875,\n              19.283924564443133\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.10498046875,\n              19.480834276134903\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.35766601562497,\n              19.480834276134903\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.35766601562497,\n              19.283924564443133\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba615e4b08c986b320e99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cervelli, Peter 0000-0001-6765-1009","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6765-1009","contributorId":46724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cervelli","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amelung, F.","contributorId":106268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amelung","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garbeil, H.","contributorId":103023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbeil","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meertens, C.","contributorId":30002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meertens","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Owen, S.","contributorId":56810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mikijus, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":80431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikijus","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lisowski, M.","contributorId":70381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70187591,"text":"70187591 - 2002 - Predators","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70187591,"text":"70187591 - 2002 - Predators","indexId":"70187591","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"6","title":"Predators"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T11:00:52","indexId":"70187591","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9,"text":"Biological Science Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2002-0001","chapter":"6","title":"Predators","docAbstract":"<p>Calving caribou (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>) of the Central Arctic herd, Alaska, have avoided the infrastructure associated with the complex of petroleum development areas from Prudhoe Bay to Kuparuk (Cameron et al. 1992, Nellemann and Cameron 1998, and Section 4 of this document). Calving females of the Porcupine caribou herd may similarly avoid any oil field roads and pipelines developed in areas traditionally used during the calving and post-calving periods. This may displace the caribou females and calves to areas east and south of the 1002 Area of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.</p><p>Increased calf mortality could occur if calving caribou are displaced into areas that have a higher density of predators, higher rates of predation, or where a higher proportion of the predators regularly use caribou as a food source (Whitten et al. 1992).</p><p>Our study assessed predation risks to caribou calving in the 1002 Area versus calving in potential displacement areas. Due to funding constraints, our research focused on grizzly bears (<i>Ursus arctos</i>), with wolves (Camus lupus) and golden eagles (<i>Aquila chrysaetos</i>) receiving only cursory attention. Our research objectives were 1) to compare relative abundance of predators within the 1002 Area with that in adjacent peripheral areas, 2) to determine factors affecting predator abundance on the calving grounds, and 3) to quantify the use of caribou as a food source for predators and the importance of caribou to the productivity of predator populations using the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries (Biological Science Report USGS/BRD/BSR-2002-0001)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Young, D., McCabe, T.R., Ambrose, R.E., Garner, G.W., Weiler, G.J., Reynolds, H.V., Udevitz, M.S., Reed, D.J., and Griffith, B., 2002, Predators: Biological Science Report 2002-0001, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"53","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Refuge Coastal Plain, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.5947265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.5947265625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d53ae4b0e541a03d4537","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694677,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Patricia E.","contributorId":71056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694678,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rhode, E. 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,{"id":70187589,"text":"70187589 - 2002 - Forage quantity and quality","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70187589,"text":"70187589 - 2002 - Forage quantity and quality","indexId":"70187589","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"5","title":"Forage quantity and quality"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T11:01:23","indexId":"70187589","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9,"text":"Biological Science Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2002-0001","chapter":"5","title":"Forage quantity and quality","docAbstract":"<p>The Porcupine caribou herd has traditionally used the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, for calving. Availability of nutritious forage has been hypothesized as one of the reasons the Porcupine caribou herd migrates hundreds of kilometers to reach the coastal plain for calving (Kuropat and Bryant 1980, Russell et al. 1993).</p><p>Forage quantity and quality and the chronology of snowmelt (which determines availability and phenological stages of forage) have been suggested as important habitat attributes that lead calving caribou to select one area over another (Lent 1980, White and Trudell 1980, Eastland et al. 1989). A major question when considering the impact of petroleum development is whether potential displacement of the caribou from the 1002 Area to alternate calving habitat will limit access to high quantity and quality forage.</p><p>Our study had the following objectives: 1) quantify snowmelt patterns by area; 2) quantify relationships among phenology, biomass, and nutrient content of principal forage species by vegetation type; and 3) determine if traditional concentrated calving areas differ from adjacent areas with lower calving densities in terms of vegetation characteristics.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries (Biological Science Report USGS/BRD/BSR-2002-0001)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Jorgenson, J.C., Udevitz, M.S., and Felix, N.A., 2002, Forage quantity and quality: Biological Science Report 2002-0001, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"50","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341022,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Refuge Coastal Plain, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.5947265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.5947265625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              70.74347779138229\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d53be4b0e541a03d4539","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694660,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Patricia E.","contributorId":71056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694661,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rhode, E. B.","contributorId":73156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhode","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694662,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Jorgenson, Janet C.","contributorId":191903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Felix, Nancy A.","contributorId":191904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Felix","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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