{"pageNumber":"3004","pageRowStart":"75075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184657,"records":[{"id":70024041,"text":"70024041 - 2002 - Nearly frictionless faulting by unclamping in long-term interaction models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70024041","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nearly frictionless faulting by unclamping in long-term interaction models","docAbstract":"In defiance of direct rock-friction observations, some transform faults appear to slide with little resistance. In this paper finite element models are used to show how strain energy is minimized by interacting faults that can cause long-term reduction in fault-normal stresses (unclamping). A model fault contained within a sheared elastic medium concentrates stress at its end points with increasing slip. If accommodating structures free up the ends, then the fault responds by rotating, lengthening, and unclamping. This concept is illustrated by a comparison between simple strike-slip faulting and a mid-ocean-ridge model with the same total transform length; calculations show that the more complex system unclapms the transforms and operates at lower energy. In another example, the overlapping San Andreas fault system in the San Francisco Bay region is modeled; this system is complicated by junctions and stepovers. A finite element model indicates that the normal stress along parts of the faults could be reduced to hydrostatic levels after ???60-100 k.y. of system-wide slip. If this process occurs in the earth, then parts of major transform fault zones could appear nearly frictionless.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<1063:NFFBUI>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., 2002, Nearly frictionless faulting by unclamping in long-term interaction models: Geology, v. 30, no. 12, p. 1063-1066, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<1063:NFFBUI>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1063","endPage":"1066","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207021,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<1063:NFFBUI>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":231561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a640de4b0c8380cd72851","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1008406,"text":"1008406 - 2002 - Understanding sturgeon life history: Enigmas, myths, and insights from scientific studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-20T14:23:56.789562","indexId":"1008406","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding sturgeon life history: Enigmas, myths, and insights from scientific studies","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00413.x","usgsCitation":"Sulak, K., and Randall, M., 2002, Understanding sturgeon life history: Enigmas, myths, and insights from scientific studies: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 18, no. 4-6, p. 519-528, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00413.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"519","endPage":"528","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478738,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00413.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":130888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f68c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sulak, K. J. 0000-0002-4795-9310","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-9310","contributorId":76690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulak","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Randall, M.","contributorId":106060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000860,"text":"1000860 - 2002 - Measurement error associated with surveys of fish abundance in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-03T14:19:47.264899","indexId":"1000860","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurement error associated with surveys of fish abundance in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"<p><span>In fisheries, imprecise measurements in catch data from surveys add uncertainty to the results of fishery stock assessments. The USGS Great Lakes Science Center (GLSC) began to survey the fall fish community of Lake Michigan in 1962 with bottom trawls. The measurement error was evaluated at the level of individual tows for nine fish species collected in this survey by applying a measurementerror regression model to replicated trawl data. It was found that the estimates of measurement-error variance ranged from 0.37 (deepwater sculpin,&nbsp;</span><i>Myoxocephalus thompsoni</i><span>) to 1.23 (alewife,&nbsp;</span><i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i><span>) on a logarithmic scale corresponding to a coefficient of variation = 66 to 156%. The estimates appeared to increase with the range of temperature occupied by the fish species. This association may be a result of the variability in the fall thermal structure of the lake. The estimates may also be influenced by other factors, such as pelagic behavior and schooling. Measurement error might be reduced by surveying the fish community during other seasons and/or by using additional technologies, such as acoustics. Measurement-error estimates should be considered when interpreting results of assessments that use abundance information from USGS-GLSC surveys of Lake Michigan and could be used if the survey design was altered. This study is the first to report estimates of measurement-error variance associated with this survey.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(02)70561-3","usgsCitation":"Krause, A.E., Hayes, D.B., Bence, J., Madenjian, C.P., and Stedman, R.M., 2002, Measurement error associated with surveys of fish abundance in Lake Michigan: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 28, no. 1, p. 44-51, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(02)70561-3.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"44","endPage":"51","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": 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B.","contributorId":16799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bence, James R.","contributorId":95026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bence","given":"James R.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":309639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stedman, Ralph M.","contributorId":60578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stedman","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024059,"text":"70024059 - 2002 - Information science and technology developments within the National Biological Information Infrastructure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-13T10:17:01","indexId":"70024059","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3345,"text":"Science and Technology Libraries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Information science and technology developments within the National Biological Information Infrastructure","docAbstract":"<p><span>Whether your vantage point is that of an office window or a national park, your view undoubtedly encompasses a rich diversity of life forms, all carefully studied or managed by some scientist, resource manager, or planner. A few simple calculations-the number of species, their interrelationships, and the many researchers studying them-and you can easily see the tremendous challenges that the resulting biological data presents to the information and computer science communities. Biological information varies in format and content: it may pertain to a particular species or an entire ecosystem; it can contain land use characteristics, and geospatially referenced information. The complexity and uniqueness of each individual species or ecosystem do not easily lend themselves to today's computer science tools and applications. To address the challenges that the biological enterprise presents, the National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) (</span>http://www.nbii.gov<span>) was established in 1993 on the recommendation of the National Research Council (National Research Council 1993). The NBII is designed to address these issues on a national scale, and through international partnerships. This paper discusses current information and computer science efforts within the National Biological Information Infrastructure Program, and future computer science research endeavors that are needed to address the ever-growing issues related to our nation's biological concerns.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1300/J122v23n04_05","issn":"0194262X","usgsCitation":"Frame, M., Cotter, G., Zolly, L., and Little, J., 2002, Information science and technology developments within the National Biological Information Infrastructure: Science and Technology Libraries, v. 23, no. 4, p. 59-72, https://doi.org/10.1300/J122v23n04_05.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"72","costCenters":[{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207149,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J122v23n04"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3bb8e4b0c8380cd627ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frame, Mike 0000-0001-9995-2172 mike_frame@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9995-2172","contributorId":4541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frame","given":"Mike","email":"mike_frame@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":399839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cotter, Gladys","contributorId":206945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cotter","given":"Gladys","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zolly, Lisa 0000-0003-3595-7809 lisa_zolly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3595-7809","contributorId":484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zolly","given":"Lisa","email":"lisa_zolly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":399842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Little, Janice","contributorId":206946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Little","given":"Janice","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024036,"text":"70024036 - 2002 - Measurement of Turbulence with Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers - Sources of Error and Laboratory Results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70024036","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Measurement of Turbulence with Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers - Sources of Error and Laboratory Results","docAbstract":"Acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) provide a promising method for measuring surface-water turbulence because they can provide data from a large spatial range in a relatively short time with relative ease. Some potential sources of errors in turbulence measurements made with ADCPs include inaccuracy of Doppler-shift measurements, poor temporal and spatial measurement resolution, and inaccuracy of multi-dimensional velocities resolved from one-dimensional velocities measured at separate locations. Results from laboratory measurements of mean velocity and turbulence statistics made with two pulse-coherent ADCPs in 0.87 meters of water are used to illustrate several of inherent sources of error in ADCP turbulence measurements. Results show that processing algorithms and beam configurations have important effects on turbulence measurements. ADCPs can provide reasonable estimates of many turbulence parameters; however, the accuracy of turbulence measurements made with commercially available ADCPs is often poor in comparison to standard measurement techniques.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods 2002","conferenceDate":"28 July 2002 through 1 August 2002","conferenceLocation":"Estes Park, CO","language":"English","isbn":"0784406553","usgsCitation":"Nystrom, E., Oberg, K.A., and Rehmann, C., 2002, Measurement of Turbulence with Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers - Sources of Error and Laboratory Results, <i>in</i> Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods, Estes Park, CO, 28 July 2002 through 1 August 2002, p. 346-355.","startPage":"346","endPage":"355","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a52f1e4b0c8380cd6c795","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.","contributorId":128321,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.","id":536527,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Nystrom, E.A.","contributorId":85749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nystrom","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oberg, K. A.","contributorId":67553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rehmann, C.R.","contributorId":7455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rehmann","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024081,"text":"70024081 - 2002 - Remotely sensed geology from lander-based to orbital perspectives: Results of FIDO rover May 2000 field tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-29T14:30:18","indexId":"70024081","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remotely sensed geology from lander-based to orbital perspectives: Results of FIDO rover May 2000 field tests","docAbstract":"Blind field tests of the Field Integration Design and Operations (FIDO) prototype Mars rover were carried out 7-16 May 2000. A Core Operations Team (COT), sequestered at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory without knowledge of test site location, prepared command sequences and interpreted data acquired by the rover. Instrument sensors included a stereo panoramic camera, navigational and hazard-avoidance cameras, a color microscopic imager, an infrared point spectrometer, and a rock coring drill. The COT designed command sequences, which were relayed by satellite uplink to the rover, and evaluated instrument data. Using aerial photos and Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data, and information from the rover sensors, the COT inferred the geology of the landing site during the 18 sol mission, including lithologic diversity, stratigraphic relationships, environments of deposition, and weathering characteristics. Prominent lithologic units were interpreted to be dolomite-bearing rocks, kaolinite-bearing altered felsic volcanic materials, and basalt. The color panoramic camera revealed sedimentary layering and rock textures, and geologic relationships seen in rock exposures. The infrared point spectrometer permitted identification of prominent carbonate and kaolinite spectral features and permitted correlations to outcrops that could not be reached by the rover. The color microscopic imager revealed fine-scale rock textures, soil components, and results of coring experiments. Test results show that close-up interrogation of rocks is essential to investigations of geologic environments and that observations must include scales ranging from individual boulders and outcrops (microscopic, macroscopic) to orbital remote sensing, with sufficient intermediate steps (descent images) to connect in situ and remote observations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2000JE001470","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Jolliff, B., Knoll, A., Morris, R., Moersch, J., McSween, H., Gilmore, M., Arvidson, R., Greeley, R., Herkenhoff, K.E., and Squyres, S., 2002, Remotely sensed geology from lander-based to orbital perspectives: Results of FIDO rover May 2000 field tests: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 107, no. E11, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001470.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478725,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000je001470","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"107","issue":"E11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-11-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa71ae4b0c8380cd85211","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jolliff, B.","contributorId":105077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolliff","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knoll, A.","contributorId":65635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knoll","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, R.V.","contributorId":6978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"R.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moersch, J.","contributorId":66445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moersch","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McSween, H.","contributorId":41990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McSween","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gilmore, M.","contributorId":83702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmore","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Arvidson, R.","contributorId":65971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvidson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Greeley, R.","contributorId":6538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":399965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Squyres, S.","contributorId":74490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":1000874,"text":"1000874 - 2002 - Overlap in offshore habitat use by double-crested cormorants and boaters in western Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T10:46:14","indexId":"1000874","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Overlap in offshore habitat use by double-crested cormorants and boaters in western Lake Erie","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract svAbstract \" data-etype=\"ab\">\n<p id=\"\">Double-crested cormorants (<i>Phalacrocorax auritus</i>) and boats of 2 length classes (&le; 8 m and&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;8 m) were counted from a boat along 31 established strip transects in western Lake Erie from 24 April to 1 September 2000. Each transect included only one of the following habitats: (1) offshore of a breeding island or roosting/loafing area for cormorants (&ldquo;refuge&rdquo;), (2) reefs or shoals, (3) open water, or (4) offshore of an island shoreline that had evidence of development by humans. Foraging cormorants were recorded most often offshore of refuges and least often on open water. There was no difference between the numbers of foraging cormorants/km<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;recorded offshore of developed shorelines and on reefs and shoals. More than half of all boats recorded were on transects that were within 1 km of developed shorelines. Among those transects&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;1 km from developed shorelines, there were no differences among the habitats for the number of boats of either length class. The respective ranks of the 31 transect means of the numbers of cormorants/km<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;and the numbers of boats/km<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;in either length class were uncorrelated. The results suggest that (1) cormorants select foraging habitats based mainly on shoreline type, distance from shoreline, and depth, and (2) the amount of boat traffic is influenced by proximity to port and trip objectives, including sport angling and recreational boating. Although there is overlap in habitat use by cormorants and humans, this overlap is not complete. The perception of cormorants as a threat to fish populations may in part be due to this overlap.</p>\n</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(02)70574-1","usgsCitation":"Stapanian, M.A., and Bur, M.T., 2002, Overlap in offshore habitat use by double-crested cormorants and boaters in western Lake Erie: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 28, no. 2, p. 172-181, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(02)70574-1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"172","endPage":"181","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689e4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stapanian, Martin A. 0000-0001-8173-4273 mstapanian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8173-4273","contributorId":3425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"Martin","email":"mstapanian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bur, Michael T.","contributorId":102015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bur","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024074,"text":"70024074 - 2002 - Sample size requirements for in situ vegetation and substrate classifications in shallow, natural Nebraska Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70024074","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sample size requirements for in situ vegetation and substrate classifications in shallow, natural Nebraska Lakes","docAbstract":"We assessed the precision of visual estimates of vegetation and substrate along transects in 15 shallow, natural Nebraska lakes. Vegetation type (submergent or emergent), vegetation density (sparse, moderate, or dense), and substrate composition (percentage sand, muck, and clay; to the nearest 10%) were estimated at 25-70 sampling sites per lake by two independent observers. Observer agreement for vegetation type was 92%. Agreement ranged from 62.5% to 90.1% for substrate composition. Agreement was also high (72%) for vegetation density estimates. The relatively high agreement between estimates was likely attributable to the homogeneity of the lake habitats. Nearly 90% of the substrate sites were classified as 0% clay, and over 68% as either 0% or 100% sand. When habitats were homogeneous, less than 40 sampling sites per lake were required for 95% confidence that habitat composition was within 10% of the true mean, and over 100 sites were required when habitats were heterogeneous. Our results suggest that relatively high precision is attainable for vegetation and substrate mapping in shallow, natural lakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1329:SSRFIS>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Paukert, C., Willis, D., and Holland, R., 2002, Sample size requirements for in situ vegetation and substrate classifications in shallow, natural Nebraska Lakes: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 22, no. 4, p. 1329-1333, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1329:SSRFIS>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1329","endPage":"1333","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207277,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<1329:SSRFIS>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab066e4b0c8380cd87ab8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paukert, C.P.","contributorId":10151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willis, D.W.","contributorId":56179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holland, R.S.","contributorId":56415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024084,"text":"70024084 - 2002 - Composition of cavity-nesting bird communities in montane aspen woodland fragments: The roles of landscape context and forest structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-23T16:29:05.779428","indexId":"70024084","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition of cavity-nesting bird communities in montane aspen woodland fragments: The roles of landscape context and forest structure","docAbstract":"<p>We compared cavity-nesting bird communities in aspen (<i>Populus tremuloides</i>) woodland fragments classified on the basis of vegetation structure (tree density) and landscape context (surrounding vegetation). We found very few cavity nesters in fragments predominantly surrounded by forests. Fragments adjacent to meadows contained more species and a greater abundance of cavity nesters. Species richness and abundance were higher in sparsely than in densely treed meadow fragments. Because secondary cavity nesters are often limited by cavity availability, we augmented natural cavities with nest boxes. Although only five boxes contained bird nests, these were all in sparse aspen fragments predominantly surrounded by meadows. However, we found 25 northern flying squirrel (<i>Glaucomys sabrinus</i>) nests in boxes, none of which were in sparse meadow fragments. In addition to high-lighting the importance of landscape context in avian and mammalian habitat relationships, our results suggest that predator or competitor interactions may help structure this cavity-nester community.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/condor/104.4.890","usgsCitation":"Lawler, J., and Edwards, T., 2002, Composition of cavity-nesting bird communities in montane aspen woodland fragments: The roles of landscape context and forest structure: Condor, v. 104, no. 4, p. 890-896, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.4.890.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"890","endPage":"896","costCenters":[{"id":609,"text":"Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478742,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.4.890","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Uinta Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.170654296875,\n              40.56389453066509\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.500732421875,\n              40.56389453066509\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.500732421875,\n              40.896905775860006\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.170654296875,\n              40.896905775860006\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.170654296875,\n              40.56389453066509\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f927e4b0c8380cd4d479","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawler, J.J.","contributorId":8641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawler","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, T.C. Jr. 0000-0002-0773-0909","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":76486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"T.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000934,"text":"1000934 - 2002 - Comparisons of PBDE composition and concentration in fish collected from the Detroit River, MI and Des Plaines River, IL","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T09:58:21","indexId":"1000934","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparisons of PBDE composition and concentration in fish collected from the Detroit River, MI and Des Plaines River, IL","docAbstract":"<p><span>Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were identified in fish collected from the Detroit River, MI and Des Plaines Rivers, IL. In the Detroit River fish, carp and large mouth bass, the congener patterns were dominated by the 2,2</span><sup>&prime;</sup><span>,4,4</span><sup>&prime;</sup><span>-tetrabromo (BDE-47) congener; however, in Des Plaines River carp the dominant isomers were the heptabromo congeners BDE-181 and BDE-183 and lesser amounts of another heptabromo congener, BDE-190, and two hexabromo congeners, BDE-154 and BDE-153. Three possible sources exist for these less-commonly identified PBDE congeners: (a) waste discharge from manufacturing or discarded products near the river, (b) public owned treatment work (POTW) effluents which constitute more than 75% of the flow in the Des Plaines River, (c) or formation of these congeners by debromination of in-place deposits of decabromodiphenyl ether. Average concentration totals (sum of concentrations for seven of the dominant PBDE congeners) were similar on a wet weight bases for the carp (5.39 ng/g wet weight) and large mouth bass (5.25 ng/g) in the Detroit River samples; however, the bass were significantly higher,&nbsp;</span><i>&rho;</i><span>=0.01, when compared on a lipid basis (bass-163 ng/g vs. carp-40.5 ng/g lipid weight). Some of the PBDE congeners were positively correlated with increasing lipid levels in both fish species. Average total PBDE concentrations in the carp from the Des Plaines River (12.48 ng/g wet weight) were significantly higher,&nbsp;</span><i>&rho;</i><span>=0.01, than in carp from the Detroit River. The residues were isolated using standard organochlorine methods for fish and analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-negative chemical ionization methods.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00398-3","usgsCitation":"Rice, C., Chernyak, S., Begnoche, L., Quintal, R., and Hickey, J., 2002, Comparisons of PBDE composition and concentration in fish collected from the Detroit River, MI and Des Plaines River, IL: Chemosphere, v. 49, no. 7, p. 731-737, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00398-3.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"731","endPage":"737","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa6bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, C.P.","contributorId":81065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chernyak, S.M.","contributorId":21509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chernyak","given":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Begnoche, L.","contributorId":99520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Begnoche","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quintal, R.","contributorId":106071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quintal","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hickey, J.","contributorId":66212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":7000010,"text":"7000010 - 2002 - Eruptions of Mount St. Helens : past, present, and future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:51","indexId":"7000010","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":363,"text":"General Interest Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Eruptions of Mount St. Helens : past, present, and future","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/7000010","usgsCitation":"Tilling, R.I., Topinka, L.J., and Swanson, D., 2002, Eruptions of Mount St. Helens : past, present, and future (Version 1.01): General Interest Publication, Online edition, https://doi.org/10.3133/7000010.","productDescription":"Online edition","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":134196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18583,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/msh/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae85d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":343960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Topinka, Lyn J.","contributorId":102850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topinka","given":"Lyn","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swanson, Donald A. 0000-0002-1680-3591","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":22303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Donald A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024868,"text":"70024868 - 2002 - Geometry, slip distribution, and kinematics of surface rupture on the Sakarya fault segment during the 17 August 1999 İzmit, Turkey, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-07T13:50:52","indexId":"70024868","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geometry, slip distribution, and kinematics of surface rupture on the Sakarya fault segment during the 17 August 1999 İzmit, Turkey, earthquake","docAbstract":"<p><span>The&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;7.4 17 August 1999 İzmit earthquake ruptured five major fault segments of the dextral North Anatolian Fault Zone. The 26-km-long, N86&deg;W-trending Sakarya fault segment (SFS) extends from the Sapanca releasing step-over in the west to near the town of Akyazi in the east. The SFS emerges from Lake Sapanca as two distinct fault traces that rejoin to traverse the Adapazari Plain to Akyazi. Offsets were measured across 88 cultural and natural features that cross the fault, such as roads, cornfield rows, rows of trees, walls, rails, field margins, ditches, vehicle ruts, a dike, and ground cracks. The maximum displacement observed for the İzmit earthquake (&sim;5.1 m) was encountered on this segment. Dextral displacement for the SFS rises from less than 1 m at Lake Sapanca to greater than 5 m near Arifiye, only 3 km away. Average slip decreases uniformly to the east from Arifiye until the fault steps left from Sagir to Kazanci to the N75&deg;W, 6-km-long Akyazi strand, where slip drops to less than 1 m. The Akyazi strand passes eastward into the Akyazi Bend, which consists of a high-angle bend (18&deg;-29&deg;) between the Sakarya and Karadere fault segments, a 6-km gap in surface rupture, and high aftershock energy release. Complex structural geometries exist between the İzmit, D&uuml;zce, and 1967 Mudurnu fault segments that have arrested surface ruptures on timescales ranging from 30 sec to 88 days to 32 yr. The largest of these step-overs may have acted as a rupture segmentation boundary in previous earthquake cycles.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120000804","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Langridge, R., Stenner, H.D., Fumal, T.E., Christofferson, S., Rockwell, T.K., Hartleb, R., Bachhuber, J., and Barka, A., 2002, Geometry, slip distribution, and kinematics of surface rupture on the Sakarya fault segment during the 17 August 1999 İzmit, Turkey, earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 1, p. 107-125, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000804.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"125","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207962,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000804"}],"volume":"92","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2773e4b0c8380cd598da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langridge, R.M.","contributorId":86145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langridge","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stenner, Heidi D.","contributorId":35868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stenner","given":"Heidi","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fumal, T. E.","contributorId":25942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fumal","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christofferson, S.A.","contributorId":9810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christofferson","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rockwell, T. K.","contributorId":34688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rockwell","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hartleb, R.D.","contributorId":108282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartleb","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bachhuber, J.","contributorId":58059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachhuber","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barka, A.A.","contributorId":46706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barka","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":1000984,"text":"1000984 - 2002 - New Midwestern state records of aquatic Hemiptera (Corixidae: Notonectidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:06","indexId":"1000984","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1520,"text":"Entomological News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New Midwestern state records of aquatic Hemiptera (Corixidae: Notonectidae)","docAbstract":"Recent aquatic Hemiptera collections have yielded 15 new state records distributed among four midwestern States.  These records include two species of water boatmen (Palmacorixa gillettei and Sigara mathesoni) new for Indiana, four water boatmen species (Cenocorixa utahensis, Corisella inscripta, Hesperocorixa laevigata, S. decorata), including one genus (Cenocorixa) new for Michigan, four water boatmen species (Corisella edulis, Trichocorixa macroceps, S. decoratella, S. mathesoni) and one backswimmer species (Notonecta indica) new for Ohio, and four water boatmen species (H. kennicotti, H. semilucida, S. compressoidea, S. variabilis) new for Pennsylvania.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Entomological News","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Chordas, S.W., Chapman, E.G., Hudson, P.L., Chriscinske, M.A., and Stewart, R.L., 2002, New Midwestern state records of aquatic Hemiptera (Corixidae: Notonectidae): Entomological News, v. 113, no. 5, p. 310-314.","productDescription":"p. 310-314","startPage":"310","endPage":"314","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697866","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chordas, Stephen W. III","contributorId":87089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chordas","given":"Stephen","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapman, Eric G.","contributorId":46450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudson, Patrick L. 0000-0002-7646-443X phudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-443X","contributorId":5616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Patrick","email":"phudson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chriscinske, Margret A.","contributorId":7652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chriscinske","given":"Margret","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stewart, Richard L. Jr.","contributorId":52917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Richard","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1000863,"text":"1000863 - 2002 - Northwestward range extension for <i>Diacyclops harryi</i> (Crustacea: Copepoda)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T10:23:12","indexId":"1000863","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Northwestward range extension for <i>Diacyclops harryi</i> (Crustacea: Copepoda)","docAbstract":"<p><span>A recent find of the groundwater-inhabiting copepod crustacean&nbsp;</span><i>Diacyclops harryi</i><span>&nbsp;extended the known range of this species far northwestward, to include northern Ohio and the drainage basin of the Laurentian Great Lakes. The species was previously collected in drainages of the Atlantic Slope from New York to North Carolina. Ostracodes tentatively identified as ?</span><i>Nannocandona</i><span>&nbsp;n. sp., and amphipods belonging to the subterranean species&nbsp;</span><i>Bactrurus mucronatus</i><span>&nbsp;were also found at the Ohio locality.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Eagle Hill Institute","doi":"10.1656/1092-6194(2002)009[0243:NREFDH]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Reid, J.W., Hudson, P.L., and Bowen, C.A., 2002, Northwestward range extension for <i>Diacyclops harryi</i> (Crustacea: Copepoda): Northeastern Naturalist, v. 9, no. 2, p. 243-244, https://doi.org/10.1656/1092-6194(2002)009[0243:NREFDH]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"244","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574429b5e4b07e28b661711f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, Janet W.","contributorId":12805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, Patrick L. 0000-0002-7646-443X phudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-443X","contributorId":5616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Patrick","email":"phudson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowen, Charles A. II","contributorId":30940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Charles","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1000959,"text":"1000959 - 2002 - Evaluation of substitute diets for live algae in the captive maintenance of adult and subadult unionidae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:03","indexId":"1000959","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2455,"text":"Journal of Shellfish Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of substitute diets for live algae in the captive maintenance of adult and subadult unionidae","docAbstract":"Ten nonlive algal diets were evaluated as potential broodstock diets for adult and subadult unionids.  These diets varied significantly in their ability to support growth, reproduction and survival.  Growth, increase in glycogen stores, and limited glochidial formation were seen in most unionid species on two of the diets.  However, long-term survival (>3 y) remained problematic, and the cause of mortality in these animals could not be determined.  While two of the diets tested are potentially useful for supplemental feeding of adult unionids to increase glycogen levels during quarantine, or during short-term captive maintenance in the laboratory, none can be recommended without reservation for long-term maintenance because of the lack of survival after three years during this study.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Shellfish Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Nichols, S.J., and Garling, D., 2002, Evaluation of substitute diets for live algae in the captive maintenance of adult and subadult unionidae: Journal of Shellfish Research, v. 21, no. 2, p. 875-881.","productDescription":"p. 875-881","startPage":"875","endPage":"881","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4976","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, S. Jerrine","contributorId":25887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jerrine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garling, D.","contributorId":75474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garling","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024039,"text":"70024039 - 2002 - Subglacial volcanic features beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet interpreted from aeromagnetic and radar ice sounding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-19T12:25:47.692366","indexId":"70024039","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subglacial volcanic features beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet interpreted from aeromagnetic and radar ice sounding","docAbstract":"The West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) flows through the volcanically active, late Cenozoic West Antarctic rift system. Active subglacial volcanism and a vast (>106 km3) extent of subglacial volcanic structures have been interpreted from aerogeophysical surveys over central West Antarctica in the past decade, combined with results from 1960s and 1970s aeromagnetic profiles over the WAIS. Modelling of magnetic anomalies constrained by radar ice sounding shows volcanic sources at the base of the ice throughout large areas, whose subglacially erupted hyaloclastite edifices have been eroded by moving ice, as in Iceland. The 1800 m-high divide of the WAIS is underlain by the 400 km-long volcanic Sinuous Ridge, which rises above sea level; most hyaloclastite edifices there have also been glacially removed, indicating migration of the ice divide through time. Northeast of the divide of the WAIS there is a 400-nT positive magnetic anomaly over the shallowest, most rugged bedrock topography (elevation +380 m above sea level), probably comprising subaerially erupted flows erupted when the Sinuous Ridge area was deglaciated. Uplift of the Sinuous Ridge may have forced the advance of the WAIS. Other aspects of the subglacial volcanism in Antarctica can be observed in Iceland and have a direct bearing on our understanding of the subglacial conditions of the WAIS and its dynamics.","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society","doi":"10.1144/GSL.SP.2002.202.01.17","usgsCitation":"Behrendt, J.C., Blankenship, D.D., Morse, D.L., Finn, C., and Bell, R., 2002, Subglacial volcanic features beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet interpreted from aeromagnetic and radar ice sounding: Geological Society Special Publication, no. 202, p. 337-355, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2002.202.01.17.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"355","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"West Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -2961.5625,\n              -70.93100353239011\n            ],\n            [\n              -2955.322265625,\n              -78.45542534118532\n            ],\n            [\n              -2918.232421875,\n              -78.57790682347503\n            ],\n            [\n              -2923.857421875,\n              -66.19600891267761\n            ],\n            [\n              -2936.513671875,\n              -60.84491057364912\n            ],\n            [\n              -2954.4433593750005,\n              -64.99793920061401\n            ],\n            [\n              -2961.5625,\n              -70.93100353239011\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","issue":"202","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-02-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d14e4b08c986b31d620","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":399772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blankenship, D. D.","contributorId":29012,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blankenship","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morse, D. L.","contributorId":28024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morse","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Finn, C. A. 0000-0002-6178-0405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":93917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bell, R.E.","contributorId":70010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1000971,"text":"1000971 - 2002 - Evaluation of a rubber-compound diaphragm for acoustic fisheries surveys: Effects on dual-beam signal intensity and beam patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T10:35:58","indexId":"1000971","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2461,"text":"Journal of Sound and Vibration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of a rubber-compound diaphragm for acoustic fisheries surveys: Effects on dual-beam signal intensity and beam patterns","docAbstract":"<p>The use of rubber-compound windows for fisheries acoustics must consider operating frequency and ambient water temperatures. Signal attenuation by the rubber becomes pronounced with increased frequency and decreased temperature. Based on our results, a 420 k Hz system could be expected to lose up to 3-4 dB in colder water through a 5.1-cm thick rubber diaphragm. At 120 k Hz, signal loss was negligible and would undoubtedly also be inconsequential for even lower frequencies used in fisheries applications (e.g., 70, 38 k Hz).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/jsvi.2002.5139","usgsCitation":"Fleischer, G.W., Argyle, R., Nester, R., and Dawson, J., 2002, Evaluation of a rubber-compound diaphragm for acoustic fisheries surveys: Effects on dual-beam signal intensity and beam patterns: Journal of Sound and Vibration, v. 258, no. 4, p. 763-772, https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.2002.5139.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"763","endPage":"772","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"258","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faee4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleischer, Guy W.","contributorId":89478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"Guy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Argyle, R.L.","contributorId":103614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Argyle","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nester, R.T.","contributorId":74331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nester","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dawson, J.J.","contributorId":91048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70184474,"text":"70184474 - 2002 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70184474,"text":"70184474 - 2002 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764)","indexId":"70184474","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":5224225,"text":"5224225 - 2002 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001","indexId":"5224225","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":5224225,"text":"5224225 - 2002 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001","indexId":"5224225","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T17:52:38","indexId":"70184474","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2881,"text":"North American Bird Bander","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764)","docAbstract":"<p>After one of the quietest Septembers since this station opened in 1980, a record high number of birds was captured in October, making the seasonal total almost identical to that in fall 2000. Capture totals exceeded 100 on eight mornings between 9 and 24 Oct, and a new daily high was set on 14 Oct, when 203 birds, including 105 Myrtle Warblers, were banded. Capture totals for several species set record highs: Gray Catbird (340, including 4 returns; previous high 288), Northern Cardinal (48, including 2 returns; previous high 36), Fox Sparrow (44, previous high 36), Swamp Sparrow (65, previous high 60), and White-throated Sparrow (382, including 8 returns; previous high 350). For the first time ever, captures of Red-eyed Vireos dropped below 100, with only 5 return birds captured (compared to 15 returns in 2000 and 37 in 1999). Carol Erwin and Woody Martin deserve special thanks for assisting on most mornings throughout the season. Brice Adams, Emma AIIott, Marty Barron, Danny Bystrak, Kacy Cook, Mary Gustafson, Jane Nicolich, Diann Prosser, Mike Quinlan, Gemma Radko, and Jack Saba also provided assistance.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Western, Inland, and Eastern Bird Banding Associations","usgsCitation":"Dawson, D.K., 2002, Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764): North American Bird Bander, v. 27, no. 3, p. 100-100.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"100","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337274,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337273,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.westernbirdbanding.org/nabb.html","text":"Journal's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Prince George's County","city":"Laurel","otherGeospatial":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c277dde4b014cc3a3e76e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, Deanna K. ddawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Deanna","email":"ddawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024085,"text":"70024085 - 2002 - Seasonal and diel habitat selection by bluegills in a shallow natural lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70024085","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal and diel habitat selection by bluegills in a shallow natural lake","docAbstract":"Habitat use by bluegill Lepomis macrochirus may be dictated by the avoidance of predators and the availability of prey. Previous work suggests that bluegills large enough to avoid predators will select habitats based on foraging profitability. However, these studies focused on smaller fish (<150 mm standard length) in laboratory experiments or in natural systems with distinct vegetated and open-water habitats. Our objective was to use radio telemetry to determine monthly and diel vegetation selection by larger (>200 mm total length [TL]) bluegills in a shallow (mean depth = 1.2 m), 332-ha, natural lake (Pelican Lake, Nebraska) with both emergent and submergent vegetation distributed throughout. A total of 78 bluegills (200-273 mm TL) were implanted with radio transmitters and relocated daily for 6 d per month (April-September); up to 20 of the tagged fish were relocated every 2 h for a 24-h period once each month. Regardless of diel period, bluegills used open-water, emergent vegetation, submergent vegetation, and mixed emergent - submergent vegetation habitat types in similar proportions. During April, June, and July, male bluegills positively selected emergent vegetation, whereas female bluegills showed no vegetation selection preference during any month. Throughout the study period, bluegills never avoided open-water habitats, suggesting that larger individuals may continue to use open-water habitats in proportion to their availability. In addition, emergent vegetation appeared to be important, particularly for male bluegills. Although the mechanism for the positive selection of emergent vegetation by males was unclear, the protection or enhancement of such habitats may facilitate the preservation of quality bluegill populations in shallow lakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<1131:SADHSB>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Paukert, C., and Willis, D., 2002, Seasonal and diel habitat selection by bluegills in a shallow natural lake: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 131, no. 6, p. 1131-1139, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<1131:SADHSB>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1131","endPage":"1139","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207079,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<1131:SADHSB>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":231677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b886ae4b08c986b31696d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paukert, C.P.","contributorId":10151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willis, D.W.","contributorId":56179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000933,"text":"1000933 - 2002 - In vitro toxicity and interactions of environmental contaminants (Arochlor 1254 and mercury) and immunomodulatory agents (lipopolysaccharide and cortisol) on thymocytes from lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T11:11:03","indexId":"1000933","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1653,"text":"Fish and Shellfish Immunology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In vitro toxicity and interactions of environmental contaminants (Arochlor 1254 and mercury) and immunomodulatory agents (lipopolysaccharide and cortisol) on thymocytes from lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>The immunotoxicity of chemical combinations commonly encountered by the lake trout (</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush</i><span>) immune system was the focus of this study. It was hypothesised that combinations of an environmental contaminant (mercuric chloride or Aroclor 1254) and an immunomodulatory agent (bacterial endotoxin or cortisol) might interact to produce a greater toxicity than that of the environmental contaminant alone at concentrations typically encountered in piscine blood and other tissues. Thus lake trout thymocytes were isolated and treated with mercuric chloride or Aroclor 1254 in the presence and absence of cortisol or lipopolysaccharide. Incubations were performed for 6 or 20&nbsp;h at 4&deg;&nbsp;C or 10&deg;&nbsp;C. Lipopolysaccharide did not affect the toxicity of either contaminant. In contrast, cortisol enhanced the toxicity of both environmental contaminants. Hence, stressors that lead to increased cortisol production, but not lipopolysaccharide directly, may increase the toxicity of mercury and Aroclor 1254 to lake trout thymocytes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/fsim.2001.0381","usgsCitation":"Miller, G.G., Sweet, L.I., Adams, J.V., Omann, G.M., Passino-Reader, D.R., and Meier, P.G., 2002, In vitro toxicity and interactions of environmental contaminants (Arochlor 1254 and mercury) and immunomodulatory agents (lipopolysaccharide and cortisol) on thymocytes from lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>): Fish and Shellfish Immunology, v. 13, no. 1, p. 11-26, https://doi.org/10.1006/fsim.2001.0381.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e762c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Gregory G.","contributorId":7674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sweet, Leonard I.","contributorId":107227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweet","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Omann, Geneva M.","contributorId":64595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Omann","given":"Geneva","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Passino-Reader, Dora R.","contributorId":50839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passino-Reader","given":"Dora","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meier, Peter G.","contributorId":90257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1000862,"text":"1000862 - 2002 - Assessing avian richness in remnant wetlands: Towards an improved methodology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-05T13:29:20","indexId":"1000862","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing avian richness in remnant wetlands: Towards an improved methodology","docAbstract":"Because the North American Breeding Bird Survey provides inadequate coverage of wetland habitat, the Wetland Breeding Bird Survey was recently established in Ohio, USA.  This program relies on volunteers to conduct 3 counts at each monitored wetland.  Currently, all counts are conducted during the morning.  Under the premise that volunteer participation could be increased by allowing evening counts, we evaluated the potential for modifying the methodology.  We evaluated the sampling efficiency of all 3-count combinations of morning and evening counts using data collected at 14 wetlands. Estimates of overall species richness decreased with increasing numbers of evening counts.  However, this pattern did not hold when analyses were restricted to wetland-dependent species or those of conservation concern.  Our findings suggest that it would be reasonable to permit evening counts, particularly if the data are to be used to monitor wetland dependent species and those of concern.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0186:AARIRW]2.0.CO;2","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Krzys, G., Waite, T.A., Stapanian, M., and Vucetich, J., 2002, Assessing avian richness in remnant wetlands: Towards an improved methodology: Wetlands, v. 22, no. 1, p. 186-190, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0186:AARIRW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"186","endPage":"190","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267016,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0186:AARIRW]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672ae2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krzys, Greg","contributorId":44889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krzys","given":"Greg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waite, Thomas A.","contributorId":98691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stapanian, Martin","contributorId":15576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"Martin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vucetich, John A.","contributorId":70735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vucetich","given":"John A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024798,"text":"70024798 - 2002 - Behavioural and physiological response of trout to winter habitat in tailwaters in Wyoming, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024798","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavioural and physiological response of trout to winter habitat in tailwaters in Wyoming, USA","docAbstract":"Fisheries managers have often suggested that survival of trout during the winter is a major factor affecting population densities in many stream ecosystems in the Rocky Mountains. In Wyoming, trout population reductions from fall to spring in excess of 90% have been documented in some reservoir tailwaters. Though biologists have surmised that these reductions were the result of either mortality or emigration from some river sections, the specific mechanisms have not been defined and the factors leading to the trout loss are unknown. This is a review of four studies that were conducted or funded between 1991 and 1998 by the Wyoming Game and Fish Department to understand the extent of overwinter losses, identify some of the mechanisms leading to those conditions and develop management strategies to help avoid those impacts. Winter studies were conducted on tailwater fisheries in the Green, North Platte, Bighorn and Shoshone rivers to document trout population dynamics, assess physical habitat availability, evaluate trout movement and habitat selection, and understand the relationships between food availability and bioenergetic relationships. Results indicate that winter trout losses are extreme in some years, that trout movement and habitat selection are affected by supercooled flows, and that mortality is probably not directly due to starvation. The combination of physiological impairment with frequently altered habitat availability probably leads to indirect mortality from predators and other factors. Copyright ?? 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.376","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Annear, T., Hubert, W., Simpkins, D., and Hebdon, L., 2002, Behavioural and physiological response of trout to winter habitat in tailwaters in Wyoming, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 16, no. 4, p. 915-925, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.376.","startPage":"915","endPage":"925","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207937,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.376"},{"id":233249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0ace4b0c8380cd4a854","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Annear, T.C.","contributorId":65640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Annear","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.","contributorId":77707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simpkins, D.","contributorId":101851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpkins","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hebdon, L.","contributorId":95656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hebdon","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024476,"text":"70024476 - 2002 - Does bird community structure vary with landscape patchiness? A Chihuahuan Desert perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70024476","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does bird community structure vary with landscape patchiness? A Chihuahuan Desert perspective","docAbstract":"During the springs of 1995-1997, we studied birds and landscapes at 70 sites in the Chihuahuan Desert to assess relations between bird community structure and landscape patchiness. Within each of two spatial extents (1-kin and 2-km-radius areas centered on each site), we measured the number of patches of individual land-cover types and the total number of patches of all land-cover types. Mean bird richness, and the mean abundance and probability of occurrence of most bird species were significantly correlated with one or more of these variables. Contrary to evidence from other systems, positive association with landscape patchiness did not increase with the degree to which species were habitat generalists, was not negatively related to body size, and did not differ between neotropical migrants and nonmigrants. For the communities' primary constituent species as a group, the strength of positive and negative associations with patchiness did not differ between landscape extents. Within the 1-km but not the 2-km extent, habitat specialists were more positively and negatively associated with patchiness than were habitat generalists. In general, however, neither habitat breadth, body size, nor migratory status seemed to be responsible for associations with landscape patchiness. Mean richness, and the mean abundance and probability of occurrence of most species were significantly correlated with patchiness within one or both extents, and patchiness of all of the most extensive land-cover types was influential. The simplest explanation for most of the bird-patchiness relations we found is that the associations reflected species-specific habitat needs. Through effects on avian richness, abundance, and occurrence, landscape patchiness affected bird community structure. A more complete understanding of the effects of landscape patchiness on bird community structure is likely to emerge when ecologists study the patchiness of major land-cover types at various spatial extents.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oikos","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.980210.x","issn":"00301299","usgsCitation":"Gutzwiller, K., and Barrow, W., 2002, Does bird community structure vary with landscape patchiness? A Chihuahuan Desert perspective: Oikos, v. 98, no. 2, p. 284-298, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.980210.x.","startPage":"284","endPage":"298","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207941,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.980210.x"},{"id":233262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-08-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a038ce4b0c8380cd50521","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutzwiller, K.J.","contributorId":78124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutzwiller","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrow, W.C. Jr. 0000-0003-4671-2823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":11183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"W.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024468,"text":"70024468 - 2002 - Evidence for the timing and duration of the last interglacial period from high-precision uranium-series ages of corals on tectonically stable coastlines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70024468","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for the timing and duration of the last interglacial period from high-precision uranium-series ages of corals on tectonically stable coastlines","docAbstract":"The last interglacial period has a timing and duration that can be estimated from U-series dating of emergent, coral-bearing deposits on tectonically stable coastlines. High-precision dating from Bermuda, the Bahamas, Hawaii, and Australia suggests that the last interglacial period had a sea level at least as high as present from ???128,000 to 116,000 yr B.P. Sea level reached a near-present level more quickly after the close of the penultimate glacial period than at the close of the last glacial period and the duration of high sea level is longer than that implied by the deep-sea record. ?? 2002 University of Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.2002.2339","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., 2002, Evidence for the timing and duration of the last interglacial period from high-precision uranium-series ages of corals on tectonically stable coastlines: Quaternary Research, v. 58, no. 1, p. 36-40, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.2002.2339.","startPage":"36","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207864,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2002.2339"},{"id":233120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d56e4b0c8380cd52f6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024477,"text":"70024477 - 2002 - Effects of topography on the transport of agricultural chemicals to groundwater in a sand-plain setting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T09:12:17","indexId":"70024477","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of topography on the transport of agricultural chemicals to groundwater in a sand-plain setting","docAbstract":"<p><span>Geochemical data were collected to investigate the effects of topography and focused recharge on the transport of agricultural chemicals to groundwater through sandy soils. The research was done at a topographically high (upland) site and a depressional (lowland) site within a corn field. Agricultural chemicals that move readily with water were most directly affected by focused recharge to the lowland site. Surface runoff of water to the lowland site was the primary cause for the generally greater flux of chloride, nitrate nitrogen, and sulfate compared with the upland site. Based on data from the unsaturated zone, for example, the average annual fluxes of these chemicals in 1992&ndash;1993 were 5.1, 3.4, and 1.7 times greater, respectively, at the lowland site. Study results indicate that consideration should be given to modifying site-specific management farming technology to account for varying recharge rates in different topographic settings. By reducing chemical application rates in topographic depressions, where focused recharge of chemicals occurs because of surface runoff, farmers could improve ground-water quality as well as reduce expenditures for agricultural chemicals.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydrogeologists","doi":"10.1007/s10040-002-0208-6","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Delin, G., and Landon, M., 2002, Effects of topography on the transport of agricultural chemicals to groundwater in a sand-plain setting: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 10, no. 4, p. 443-454, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-002-0208-6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"443","endPage":"454","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207942,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-002-0208-6"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.5430908203125,\n              45.21687321093267\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.5430908203125,\n              45.49287107405929\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.07891845703125,\n              45.49287107405929\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.07891845703125,\n              45.21687321093267\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.5430908203125,\n              45.21687321093267\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0810e4b0c8380cd51967","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landon, M.K. 0000-0002-5766-0494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":69572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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