In fisheries, imprecise measurements in catch data from surveys add uncertainty to the results of fishery stock assessments. The USGS Great Lakes Science Center (GLSC) began to survey the fall fish community of Lake Michigan in 1962 with bottom trawls. The measurement error was evaluated at the level of individual tows for nine fish species collected in this survey by applying a measurementerror regression model to replicated trawl data. It was found that the estimates of measurement-error variance ranged from 0.37 (deepwater sculpin, Myoxocephalus thompsoni) to 1.23 (alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus) on a logarithmic scale corresponding to a coefficient of variation = 66 to 156%. The estimates appeared to increase with the range of temperature occupied by the fish species. This association may be a result of the variability in the fall thermal structure of the lake. The estimates may also be influenced by other factors, such as pelagic behavior and schooling. Measurement error might be reduced by surveying the fish community during other seasons and/or by using additional technologies, such as acoustics. Measurement-error estimates should be considered when interpreting results of assessments that use abundance information from USGS-GLSC surveys of Lake Michigan and could be used if the survey design was altered. This study is the first to report estimates of measurement-error variance associated with this survey.
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Assessing avian richness in remnant wetlands: Towards an improved methodology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-05T13:29:20","indexId":"1000862","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing avian richness in remnant wetlands: Towards an improved methodology","docAbstract":"Because the North American Breeding Bird Survey provides inadequate coverage of wetland habitat, the Wetland Breeding Bird Survey was recently established in Ohio, USA. This program relies on volunteers to conduct 3 counts at each monitored wetland. Currently, all counts are conducted during the morning. Under the premise that volunteer participation could be increased by allowing evening counts, we evaluated the potential for modifying the methodology. We evaluated the sampling efficiency of all 3-count combinations of morning and evening counts using data collected at 14 wetlands. Estimates of overall species richness decreased with increasing numbers of evening counts. However, this pattern did not hold when analyses were restricted to wetland-dependent species or those of conservation concern. Our findings suggest that it would be reasonable to permit evening counts, particularly if the data are to be used to monitor wetland dependent species and those of concern.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0186:AARIRW]2.0.CO;2","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Krzys, G., Waite, T.A., Stapanian, M., and Vucetich, J., 2002, Assessing avian richness in remnant wetlands: Towards an improved methodology: Wetlands, v. 22, no. 1, p. 186-190, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0186:AARIRW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"186","endPage":"190","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267016,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0186:AARIRW]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672ae2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krzys, Greg","contributorId":44889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krzys","given":"Greg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waite, Thomas A.","contributorId":98691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stapanian, Martin","contributorId":15576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"Martin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vucetich, John A.","contributorId":70735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vucetich","given":"John A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1000863,"text":"1000863 - 2002 - Northwestward range extension for Diacyclops harryi (Crustacea: Copepoda)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T10:23:12","indexId":"1000863","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Northwestward range extension for Diacyclops harryi (Crustacea: Copepoda)","docAbstract":"A recent find of the groundwater-inhabiting copepod crustacean Diacyclops harryi extended the known range of this species far northwestward, to include northern Ohio and the drainage basin of the Laurentian Great Lakes. The species was previously collected in drainages of the Atlantic Slope from New York to North Carolina. Ostracodes tentatively identified as ?Nannocandona n. sp., and amphipods belonging to the subterranean species Bactrurus mucronatus were also found at the Ohio locality.
","language":"English","publisher":"Eagle Hill Institute","doi":"10.1656/1092-6194(2002)009[0243:NREFDH]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Reid, J.W., Hudson, P.L., and Bowen, C.A., 2002, Northwestward range extension for Diacyclops harryi (Crustacea: Copepoda): Northeastern Naturalist, v. 9, no. 2, p. 243-244, https://doi.org/10.1656/1092-6194(2002)009[0243:NREFDH]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"244","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574429b5e4b07e28b661711f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, Janet W.","contributorId":12805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, Patrick L. 0000-0002-7646-443X phudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-443X","contributorId":5616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Patrick","email":"phudson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowen, Charles A. II","contributorId":30940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Charles","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70159907,"text":"70159907 - 2002 - Effects of management practices on wetland birds: Eared Grebe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-17T08:44:58","indexId":"70159907","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Effects of management practices on wetland birds: Eared Grebe","docAbstract":"Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on wetland birds were summarized from information in more than 500 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although the BBS may not capture the presence of elusive waterbird species, the BBS is a standardized survey and the range maps, in many cases, represent the most consistent information available on species’ distributions. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which provides the fundamental components or keys to management for the species. A section on breeding range outlines the current breeding distribution of the species in North America, including areas that could not be mapped using BBS data. The suitable habitat section describes the breeding habitat and occasionally microhabitat characteristics of the species, especially those habitats that occur in the Great Plains. Details on habitat and microhabitat requirements often provide clues to how a species will respond to a particular management practice. A table near the end of the account complements the section on suitable habitat, and lists the specific habitat characteristics for the species by individual studies. The area requirements section provides details on territory and home range sizes, minimum area requirements, and the effects of patch size, edges, and other landscape and habitat features on abundance and productivity. It may be futile to manage a small block of suitable habitat for a species that has minimum area requirements that are larger than the area being managed. The section on brood parasitism summarizes information on intra- and interspecific parasitism, host responses to parasitism, and factors that influence parasitism, such as nest concealment and host density. The impact of management depends, in part, upon a species’ nesting phenology and biology. The section on breeding-season phenology and site fidelity includes details on spring arrival and fall departure for migratory populations in the Great Plains, peak breeding periods, the tendency to renest after nest failure or success, and the propensity to return to a previous breeding site. The duration and timing of breeding varies among regions and years. Species’ response to management summarizes the current knowledge and major findings in the literature on the effects of different management practices on the species. The section on management recommendations complements the previous section and summarizes recommendations for habitat management provided in the literature. The literature cited contains references to published and unpublished literature on the management effects and habitat requirements of the species. This section is not meant to be a complete bibliography; a searchable, annotated bibliography of published and unpublished papers dealing with habitat needs of wetland birds and their responses to habitat management is posted at the Web site mentioned below.
\nThis report has been downloaded from the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center WorldWide Web site, www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/wetbird/wetbird.htm. Please direct comments and suggestions to Douglas H. Johnson, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 8711 37th Street SE, Jamestown, North Dakota 58401; telephone: 701- 253-5539; fax: 701-253-5553; e-mail: Douglas_H_Johnson@usgs.gov
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70159907","usgsCitation":"Dechant, J., Johnson, D.H., Goldade, C., Church, J.O., and Euliss, B., 2002, Effects of management practices on wetland birds: Eared Grebe, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70159907.","productDescription":"29 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311859,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70159907.PNG"},{"id":312409,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70159907/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566175c9e4b06a3ea36c569d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dechant, Jill A. 0000-0003-3172-0708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-0708","contributorId":103984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dechant","given":"Jill A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":580986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldade, Christopher M.","contributorId":90668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldade","given":"Christopher M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Church, James O.","contributorId":150063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Church","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Euliss, Betty R.","contributorId":58218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Betty R.","affiliations":[{"id":39297,"text":"former U.S. Geological Survey employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70024243,"text":"70024243 - 2002 - Use of regional climate model output for hydrologic simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:59","indexId":"70024243","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of regional climate model output for hydrologic simulations","docAbstract":"Daily precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature time series from a regional climate model (RegCM2) configured using the continental United States as a domain and run on a 52-km (approximately) spatial resolution were used as input to a distributed hydrologic model for one rainfall-dominated basin (Alapaha River at Statenville, Georgia) and three snowmelt-dominated basins (Animas River at Durango. Colorado; east fork of the Carson River near Gardnerville, Nevada: and Cle Elum River near Roslyn, Washington). For comparison purposes, spatially averaged daily datasets of precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature were developed from measured data for each basin. These datasets included precipitation and temperature data for all stations (hereafter, All-Sta) located within the area of the RegCM2 output used for each basin, but excluded station data used to calibrate the hydrologic model. Both the RegCM2 output and All-Sta data capture the gross aspects of the seasonal cycles of precipitation and temperature. However, in all four basins, the RegCM2- and All-Sta-based simulations of runoff show little skill on a daily basis [Nash-Sutcliffe (NS) values range from 0.05 to 0.37 for RegCM2 and -0.08 to 0.65 for All-Sta]. When the precipitation and temperature biases are corrected in the RegCM2 output and All-Sta data (Bias-RegCM2 and Bias-All, respectively) the accuracy of the daily runoff simulations improve dramatically for the snowmelt-dominated basins (NS values range from 0.41 to 0.66 for RegCM2 and 0.60 to 0.76 for All-Sta). In the rainfall-dominated basin, runoff simulations based on the Bias-RegCM2 output show no skill (NS value of 0.09) whereas Bias-All simulated runoff improves (NS value improved from - 0.08 to 0.72). These results indicate that measured data at the coarse resolution of the RegCM2 output can be made appropriate for basin-scale modeling through bias correction (essentially a magnitude correction). However, RegCM2 output, even when bias corrected, does not contain the day-to-day variability present in the All-Sta dataset that is necessary for basin-scale modeling. Future work is warranted to identify the causes for systematic biases in RegCM2 simulations, develop methods to remove the biases, and improve RegCM2 simulations of daily variability in local climate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0571:UORCMO>2.0.CO;2","issn":"1525755X","usgsCitation":"Hay, L., Clark, M., Wilby, R., Gutowski, W., Leavesley, G., Pan, Z., Arritt, R., and Takle, E., 2002, Use of regional climate model output for hydrologic simulations: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 3, no. 5, p. 571-590, https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0571:UORCMO>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"571","endPage":"590","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478655,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0571:uorcmo>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207135,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0571:UORCMO>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":231806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf6ae4b08c986b329b4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hay, L.E.","contributorId":54253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, M.P.","contributorId":49558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"M.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilby, R.L.","contributorId":96043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilby","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gutowski, W.J.","contributorId":6623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutowski","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pan, Z.","contributorId":13006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pan","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Arritt, R.W.","contributorId":39544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arritt","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Takle, E.S.","contributorId":7033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takle","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70024244,"text":"70024244 - 2002 - Assessing state-wide biodiversity in the Florida Gap analysis project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T12:41:29","indexId":"70024244","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing state-wide biodiversity in the Florida Gap analysis project","docAbstract":"The Florida Gap (FI-Gap) project provides an assessment of the degree to which native animal species and natural communities are or are not represented in existing conservation lands. Those species and communities not adequately represented in areas being managed for native species constitute 'gaps' in the existing network of conservation lands. The United States Geological Survey Gap Analysis Program is a national effort and so, eventually, all 50 states will have completed it. The objective of FI-Gap was to provide broad geographic information on the status of terrestrial vertebrates, butterflies, skippers and ants and their respective habitats to address the loss of biological diversity. To model the distributions and potential habitat of all terrestrial species of mammals, breeding birds, reptiles, amphibians, butterflies, skippers and ants in Florida, natural land cover was mapped to the level of dominant or co-dominant plant species. Land cover was classified from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite imagery and auxiliary data such as the national wetlands inventory (NWI), soils maps, aerial imagery, existing land use/land cover maps, and on-the-ground surveys, Wildlife distribution models were produced by identifying suitable habitat for each species within that species' range, Mammalian models also assessed a minimum critical area required for sustainability of the species' population. Wildlife species richness was summarized against land stewardship ranked by an area's mandates for conservation protection. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/jema.2002.0551","issn":"03014797","usgsCitation":"Pearlstine, L., Smith, S.E., Brandt, L., Allen, C.R., Kitchens, W., and Stenberg, J., 2002, Assessing state-wide biodiversity in the Florida Gap analysis project: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 66, no. 2, p. 127-144, https://doi.org/10.1006/jema.2002.0551.","startPage":"127","endPage":"144","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207136,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jema.2002.0551"},{"id":231807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ede2e4b0c8380cd49a99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearlstine, L.G.","contributorId":56000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearlstine","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, S. E.","contributorId":46120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brandt, L.A.","contributorId":67690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kitchens, W.M.","contributorId":87647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchens","given":"W.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stenberg, J.","contributorId":24127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stenberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70024231,"text":"70024231 - 2002 - Responses of coastal wetlands to rising sea level","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-05T18:04:09.487159","indexId":"70024231","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of coastal wetlands to rising sea level","docAbstract":"Salt marsh ecosystems are maintained by the dominant macrophytes that regulate the elevation of their habitat within a narrow portion of the intertidal zone by accumulating organic matter and trapping inorganic sediment. The long-term stability of these ecosystems is explained by interactions among sea level, land elevation, primary production, and sediment accretion that regulate the elevation of the sediment surface toward an equilibrium with mean sea level. We show here in a salt marsh that this equilibrium is adjusted upward by increased production of the salt marsh macrophyte Spartina alterniflora and downward by an increasing rate of relative sea-level rise (RSLR). Adjustments in marsh surface elevation are slow in comparison to interannual anomalies and long-period cycles of sea level, and this lag in sediment elevation results in significant variation in annual primary productivity. We describe a theoretical model that predicts that the system will be stable against changes in relative mean sea level when surface elevation is greater than what is optimal for primary production. When surface elevation is less than optimal, the system will be unstable. The model predicts that there is an optimal rate of RSLR at which the equilibrium elevation and depth of tidal flooding will be optimal for plant growth. However, the optimal rate of RSLR also represents an upper limit because at higher rates of RSLR the plant community cannot sustain an elevation that is within its range of tolerance. For estuaries with high sediment loading, such as those on the southeast coast of the United States, the limiting rate of RSLR was predicted to be at most 1.2 cm/yr, which is 3.5 times greater than the current, long-term rate of RSLR.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2869:ROCWTR]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Morris, J.T., Sundareshwar, P., Nietch, C., Kjerfve, B., and Cahoon, D.R., 2002, Responses of coastal wetlands to rising sea level: Ecology, v. 83, no. 10, p. 2869-2877, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2869:ROCWTR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2869","endPage":"2877","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Goat Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.793701171875,\n 32.79477851084409\n ],\n [\n -79.7449493408203,\n 32.79477851084409\n ],\n [\n -79.7449493408203,\n 32.8149783969858\n ],\n [\n -79.793701171875,\n 32.8149783969858\n ],\n [\n -79.793701171875,\n 32.79477851084409\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"83","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa9ee4b0c8380cd8642c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morris, J. T.","contributorId":70422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morris","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sundareshwar, P.V.","contributorId":48348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sundareshwar","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nietch, C.T.","contributorId":29592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nietch","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kjerfve, B.","contributorId":49110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kjerfve","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":65424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":400478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70159922,"text":"70159922 - 2002 - Effects of management practices on wetland birds: Sora","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-17T12:20:47","indexId":"70159922","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Effects of management practices on wetland birds: Sora","docAbstract":"Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on wetland birds were summarized from information in more than 500 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although the BBS may not capture the presence of elusive waterbird species, the BBS is a standardized survey and the range maps, in many cases, represent the most consistent information available on species’ distributions. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which provides the fundamental components or keys to management for the species. A section on breeding range outlines the current breeding distribution of the species in North America, including areas that could not be mapped using BBS data. The suitable habitat section describes the breeding habitat and occasionally microhabitat characteristics of the species, especially those habitats that occur in the Great Plains. Details on habitat and microhabitat requirements often provide clues to how a species will respond to a particular management practice. A table near the end of the account complements the section on suitable habitat, and lists the specific habitat characteristics for the species by individual studies. The area requirements section provides details on territory and home range sizes, minimum area requirements, and the effects of patch size, edges, and other landscape and habitat features on abundance and productivity. It may be futile to manage a small block of suitable habitat for a species that has minimum area requirements that are larger than the area being managed. The section on brood parasitism summarizes information on intra- and interspecific parasitism, host responses to parasitism, and factors that influence parasitism, such as nest concealment and host density. The impact of management depends, in part, upon a species’ nesting phenology and biology. The section on breeding-season phenology and site fidelity includes details on spring arrival and fall departure for migratory populations in the Great Plains, peak breeding periods, the tendency to renest after nest failure or success, and the propensity to return to a previous breeding site. The duration and timing of breeding varies among regions and years. Species’ response to management summarizes the current knowledge and major findings in the literature on the effects of different management practices on the species. The section on management recommendations complements the previous section and summarizes recommendations for habitat management provided in the literature. The literature cited contains references to published and unpublished literature on the management effects and habitat requirements of the species. This section is not meant to be a complete bibliography; a searchable, annotated bibliography of published and unpublished papers dealing with habitat needs of wetland birds and their responses to habitat management is posted at the Web site mentioned below.
\nThis report has been downloaded from the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center WorldWide Web site, www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/wetbird/wetbird.htm. Please direct comments and suggestions to Douglas H. Johnson, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 8711 37th Street SE, Jamestown, North Dakota 58401; telephone: 701- 253-5539; fax: 701-253-5553; e-mail: Douglas_H_Johnson@usgs.gov.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Jamestown, ND","doi":"10.3133/70159922","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, A., Jamison, B.E., Dechant, J., Johnson, D.H., Goldade, C., Church, J.O., and Euliss, B., 2002, Effects of management practices on wetland birds: Sora, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70159922.","productDescription":"66 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311875,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70159922.PNG"},{"id":312444,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70159922/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566175c9e4b06a3ea36c56a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, Amy L.","contributorId":69087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Amy L.","affiliations":[{"id":39297,"text":"former U.S. Geological Survey employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jamison, Brent E.","contributorId":149791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jamison","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dechant, Jill A. 0000-0003-3172-0708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-0708","contributorId":103984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dechant","given":"Jill A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goldade, Christopher M.","contributorId":90668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldade","given":"Christopher M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Church, James O.","contributorId":150063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Church","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Euliss, Betty R.","contributorId":58218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Betty R.","affiliations":[{"id":39297,"text":"former U.S. Geological Survey employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70159340,"text":"70159340 - 2002 - Impacts of patch size and land-cover heterogeneity on thematic image classification accuracy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T11:33:34","indexId":"70159340","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of patch size and land-cover heterogeneity on thematic image classification accuracy","docAbstract":"Landscape chamcteristics such as small patch size and landcover heterogeneity have been hypothesized to increase the likelihood of mis-classifying pixels during thematic image classification. However, there has been a lack of empirical evidence to support these hypotheses. This study utilizes data gathered as part of the accuracy assessment of the 1992 National Land Cover Data (NLCD) set to identify and quantify the impacts of land-cover heterogeneity and patch size on classification accuracy Logistic regression is employed to assess the impacts of these variables, as well as the impact of land-cover class information. The results reveal that accuracy decreases as landcover heterogeneity increases and as patch size decreases. These landscape variables remain significant factors in explaining classification accuracy even when adjusted for their confounding association with land-cover class information.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","usgsCitation":"Smith, J.H., Wickham, J.D., Stehman, S.V., and Yang, L., 2002, Impacts of patch size and land-cover heterogeneity on thematic image classification accuracy: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 68, no. 1, p. 65-70.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"70","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310438,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":310433,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.asprs.org/Photogrammetric-Engineering-and-Remote-Sensing/PE-RS-Archive-Search-2009-and-earlier.html"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562a08d3e4b011227bf1fd76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Jonathan H. jhsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":2900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Jonathan","email":"jhsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wickham, James D.","contributorId":72278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wickham","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stehman, Stephen V.","contributorId":77283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehman","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yang, Limin 0000-0002-2843-6944 lyang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-6944","contributorId":4305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Limin","email":"lyang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159620,"text":"70159620 - 2002 - Landsat-4/5 Band 6 relative radiometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-13T10:06:01","indexId":"70159620","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landsat-4/5 Band 6 relative radiometry","docAbstract":"Relative radiometric responses for the thematic mapper (TM) band 6 data from Landsat-4 and Landsat-5 were analyzed, and an algorithm has been developed that significantly reduces the striping in Band 6 images due to detector mismatch. The TM internal calibration system as originally designed includes a DC restore circuit, which acts as a feedback system designed to keep detector bias at a constant value. There is a strong indication that the DC restore circuitry implemented in Band 6 does not function as it had been designed to. It operates as designed only during a portion of the calibration interval and not at all during acquisition of scene data. This renders the data acquired during the calibration shutter interval period virtually useless for correction of the individual responses of the four detectors in Band 6. It was observed and statistically quantified that the relative response of each of the detectors to the band average is stable over the dynamic range and throughout the lifetime of the instrument. This allows an alternate approach to relative radiometric correction of TM Band 6 images
","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/36.981362","usgsCitation":"Chander, G., Helder, D., and Boncyk, W.C., 2002, Landsat-4/5 Band 6 relative radiometry: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 40, no. 1, p. 206-210, https://doi.org/10.1109/36.981362.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"206","endPage":"210","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311292,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564717cce4b0e2669b31311a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chander, Gyanesh gchander@usgs.gov","contributorId":3013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"Gyanesh","email":"gchander@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":579745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helder, D. L. 0000-0002-7379-4679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-4679","contributorId":51496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boncyk, Wayne C.","contributorId":46707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boncyk","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024271,"text":"70024271 - 2002 - Fault structure and kinematics of the Long Valley Caldera region, California, revealed by high-accuracy earthquake hypocenters and focal mechanism stress inversions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T11:16:43","indexId":"70024271","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault structure and kinematics of the Long Valley Caldera region, California, revealed by high-accuracy earthquake hypocenters and focal mechanism stress inversions","docAbstract":"We have determined high-resolution hypocenters for 45,000+ earthquakes that occurred between 1980 and 2000 in the Long Valley caldera area using a double-difference earthquake location algorithm and routinely determined arrival times. The locations reveal numerous discrete fault planes in the southern caldera and adjacent Sierra Nevada block (SNB). Intracaldera faults include a series of east/west-striking right-lateral strike-slip faults beneath the caldera's south moat and a series of more northerly striking strike-slip/normal faults beneath the caldera's resurgent dome. Seismicity in the SNB south of the caldera is confined to a crustal block bounded on the west by an east-dipping oblique normal fault and on the east by the Hilton Creek fault. Two NE-striking left-lateral strike-slip faults are responsible for most seismicity within this block. To understand better the stresses driving seismicity, we performed stress inversions using focal mechanisms with 50 or more first motions. This analysis reveals that the least principal stress direction systematically rotates across the studied region, from NE to SW in the caldera's south moat to WNW-ESE in Round Valley, 25 km to the SE. Because WNW-ESE extension is characteristic of the western boundary of the Basin and Range province, caldera area stresses appear to be locally perturbed. This stress perturbation does not seem to result from magma chamber inflation but may be related to the significant (???20 km) left step in the locus of extension along the Sierra Nevada/Basin and Range province boundary. This implies that regional-scale tectonic processes are driving seismic deformation in the Long Valley caldera.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2001JB001168","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Prejean, S., Ellsworth, W.L., Zoback, M., and Waldhauser, F., 2002, Fault structure and kinematics of the Long Valley Caldera region, California, revealed by high-accuracy earthquake hypocenters and focal mechanism stress inversions: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B12, p. ESE 9-1-ESE 9-19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB001168.","productDescription":"2355; 19 p.","startPage":"ESE 9-1","endPage":"ESE 9-19","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478666,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb001168","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.1,\n 37.25\n ],\n [\n -119.25,\n 37.25\n ],\n [\n -119.25,\n 38.1\n ],\n [\n -118.1,\n 38.1\n ],\n [\n -118.1,\n 37.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f1ce4b0c8380cd5378a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prejean, Stephanie G. 0000-0003-0510-1989 sprejean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0510-1989","contributorId":172404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"Stephanie","email":"sprejean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zoback, Mark","contributorId":81092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waldhauser, Felix","contributorId":59106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldhauser","given":"Felix","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024246,"text":"70024246 - 2002 - Stream piracy in the Black Hills: A geomorphology lab exercise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-03T13:21:11.668644","indexId":"70024246","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2324,"text":"Journal of Geoscience Education","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stream piracy in the Black Hills: A geomorphology lab exercise","docAbstract":"The Black Hills of South Dakota exhibits many fine examples of stream piracy that are very suitable for teaching geomorphology lab exercises. This lab goes beyond standard topographic map interpretation by using geologic maps, well logs, gravel provenance and other types of data to teach students about stream piracy. Using a step-by-step method in which the lab exercises ramp up in difficulty, students hone their skills in deductive reasoning and data assimilation. The first exercises deal with the identification of stream piracy at a variety of spatial scales and the lab culminates with an exercise on landscape evolution and drainage rearrangement.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.5408/1089-9995-50.4.380","usgsCitation":"Zaprowski, B.J., Evenson, E.B., and Epstein, J.B., 2002, Stream piracy in the Black Hills: A geomorphology lab exercise: Journal of Geoscience Education, v. 50, no. 4, p. 380-388, https://doi.org/10.5408/1089-9995-50.4.380.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"380","endPage":"388","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Black Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 43.55252937447483\n ],\n [\n -103.4197998046875,\n 43.55252937447483\n ],\n [\n -103.4197998046875,\n 44.50434127765394\n ],\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 44.50434127765394\n ],\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 43.55252937447483\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9a81e4b08c986b31c996","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zaprowski, Brent J.","contributorId":6362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaprowski","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evenson, Edward B.","contributorId":16751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Epstein, Jack B. jepstein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epstein","given":"Jack","email":"jepstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024265,"text":"70024265 - 2002 - Salmon restoration in the Umatilla River: A study of straying and risk containment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:19:57","indexId":"70024265","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salmon restoration in the Umatilla River: A study of straying and risk containment","docAbstract":"The use of artificial propagation may produce unexpected results and the need for risk containment. Stray chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from Umatilla River releases put the threatened Snake River stock at risk, caused conflict between two plans, altered management, and greatly increased the costs for hatchery-based restoration. Stray Umatilla returns captured or observed in the Snake River averaged more than 200 fish annually and comprised up to 26% of the escapement. The risk to the threatened population stimulated a series of containment actions, including wire tagging 2-3 million fish annually, use of acclimation ponds, altering release locations, flow enhancement, and broodstock management changes. Actions for the use of artificial propagation where straying or unexpected results are a concern include marking or tagging most or all fish, limiting the number of fish initially released, recognizing environmental variables that influence straying, ensuring that funding for risk containment is available when undesirable results occur, and recognizing that unexpected results may not be manifested or identified immediately.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8446(2002)027<0010:SRITUR>2.0.CO;2","issn":"03632415","usgsCitation":"Hayes, M., and Carmichael, R., 2002, Salmon restoration in the Umatilla River: A study of straying and risk containment: Fisheries, v. 27, no. 10, p. 10-19, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(2002)027<0010:SRITUR>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232113,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207285,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(2002)027<0010:SRITUR>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"27","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaffce4b0c8380cd87894","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, M.C.","contributorId":59596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carmichael, R.W.","contributorId":105971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carmichael","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024272,"text":"70024272 - 2002 - Impacts of swine manure pits on groundwater quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70024272","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of swine manure pits on groundwater quality","docAbstract":"Manure deep-pits are commonly used to store manure at confined animal feeding operations. However, previous to this study little information had been collected on the impacts of deep-pits on groundwater quality to provide science-based guidance in formulating regulations and waste management strategies that address risks to human health and the environment. Groundwater quality has been monitored since January 1999 at two hog finishing facilities in Illinois that use deep-pit systems for manure storage. Groundwater samples were collected on a monthly basis and analyzed for inorganic and bacteriological constituent concentrations. The two sites are located in areas with geologic environments representing different vulnerabilities for local groundwater contamination. One site is underlain by more than 6 m of clayey silt, and 7-36 m of shale. Concentrations of chloride, ammonium, phosphate, and potassium indicated that local groundwater quality had not been significantly impacted by pit leakage from this facility. Nitrate concentrations were elevated near the pit, often exceeding the 10 mg N/l drinking water standard. Isotopic nitrate signatures suggested that the nitrate was likely derived from soil organic matter and fertilizer applied to adjacent crop fields. At the other site, sandstone is located 4.6-6.1 m below land surface. Chloride concentrations and ??15N and ??18O values of dissolved nitrate indicated that this facility may have limited and localized impacts on groundwater. Other constituents, including ammonia, potassium, phosphate, and sodium were generally at or less than background concentrations. Trace- and heavy-metal concentrations in groundwater samples collected from both facilities were at concentrations less than drinking water standards. The concentration of inorganic constituents in the groundwater would not likely impact human health. Fecal streptococcus bacteria were detected at least once in groundwater from all monitoring wells at both sites. Fecal streptococcus was more common and at greater concentrations than fecal coliform. The microbiological data suggest that filtration of bacteria by soils may not be as effective as commonly assumed. The presence of fecal bacteria in the shallow groundwater may pose a significant threat to human health if the ground water is used for drinking. Both facilities are less than 4 years old and the short-term impacts of these manure storage facilities on groundwater quality have been limited. Continued monitoring of these facilities will determine if they have a long-term impact on groundwater resources. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00115-X","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Krapac, I., Dey, W., Roy, W.R., Smyth, C., Storment, E., Sargent, S., and Steele, J., 2002, Impacts of swine manure pits on groundwater quality: Environmental Pollution, v. 120, no. 2, p. 475-492, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00115-X.","startPage":"475","endPage":"492","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207060,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00115-X"},{"id":231649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38f7e4b0c8380cd61763","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krapac, I.G.","contributorId":33850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapac","given":"I.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dey, W.S.","contributorId":32703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dey","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roy, William R.","contributorId":45454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"William","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smyth, C.A.","contributorId":68066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smyth","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Storment, E.","contributorId":29989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storment","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sargent, S.L.","contributorId":75299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargent","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Steele, J.D.","contributorId":22093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70024242,"text":"70024242 - 2002 - Variability in form and growth of sediment waves on turbidite channel levees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:59","indexId":"70024242","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability in form and growth of sediment waves on turbidite channel levees","docAbstract":"Fine-grained sediment waves have been observed in many modern turbidite systems, generally restricted to the overbank depositional element. Sediment waves developed on six submarine fan systems are compared using high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, sediment core samples (including ODP drilling), multibeam bathymetry, 3D seismic-reflection imaging (including examples of burried features), and direct measurements of turbidity currents that overflow their channels. These submarine fan examples extend over more than three orders of magnitude in physical scale. The presence or absence of sediment waves is not simply a matter of either the size of the turbidite channel-levee systems or the dominant initiation process for the turbidity currents that overflow the channels to form the wave fields. Both sediment-core data and seismic-reflection profiles document the upslope migration of the wave forms, with thicker and coarser beds deposited on the up-current flank of the waves. Some wave fields are orthogonal to channel trend and were initiated by large flows whose direction was controlled by upflow morphology, whereas fields subparallel to channel levees resulted from local spillover. In highly meandering systems, sediment waves may mimic meander planform. Larger sediment waves form on channel-levee systems with thicker overflow of turbidity currents, but available data indicate that sediment waves can be maintaned during conditions of relatively thin overflow. Coarser-grained units in sediment waves are typically laminated and thin-bedded sand as much as several centimetres thick, but sand beds as thick as several tens of centimetres have been documented from both modern and buried systems. Current production of hydrocarbons from sediment-wave deposits suggests that it is important to develop criteria for recognising this overbank element in outcrop exposures and borehole data, where the wavelength of typical waves (several kilometres) generally exceeds outcrop scales and wave heights, which are reduced as a result of consolidation during burial, may be too subtle to recognise. Crown Copyright ?? 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00548-0","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Normark, W.R., Piper, D., Posamentier, H., Pirmez, C., and Migeon, S., 2002, Variability in form and growth of sediment waves on turbidite channel levees: Marine Geology, v. 192, no. 1-3, p. 23-58, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00548-0.","startPage":"23","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207120,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00548-0"},{"id":231770,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"192","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc12ae4b08c986b32a47e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piper, D.J.W.","contributorId":17351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7219,"text":"Natural Resources Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":400517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Posamentier, H.","contributorId":61585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Posamentier","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pirmez, C.","contributorId":17399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pirmez","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Migeon, S.","contributorId":26109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Migeon","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70024263,"text":"70024263 - 2002 - Sand wave fields beneath the Loop Current, Gulf of Mexico: Reworking of fan sands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T10:49:32","indexId":"70024263","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sand wave fields beneath the Loop Current, Gulf of Mexico: Reworking of fan sands","docAbstract":"Extensive fields of large barchan-like sand waves and longitudinal sand ribbons have been mapped by deep-towed SeaMARC IA sidescan sonar on part of the middle and lower Mississippi Fan that lies in about 3200 m of water. The area is beneath the strongly flowing Loop Current. The bedforms have not been adequately sampled but probably consist of winnowed siliciclastic-foraminiferal sands. The size (about 200 m from wingtip to wingtip) and shape of the large barchans is consistent with a previously observed peak current speed of 30 cm/s, measured 25 m above the seabed. The types of small-scale bedforms and the scoured surfaces of chemical crusts, seen on nearby bottom photographs, indicate that near-bed currents in excess of 30 cm/s may sometimes occur. At the time of the survey the sand transport direction was to the northwest, in the opposite direction to the Loop Current but consistent with there being a deep boundary current along the foot of the Florida Escarpment. Some reworking of the underlying sandy turbidites and debris flow deposits is apparent on the sidescan sonar records. Reworking by deep-sea currents, resulting in erosion and in deposits characterised by coarsening upwards structures and cross-bedding, is a process that has been proposed for sand found in cores in shallower parts of the Gulf of Mexico. This process is more widespread than hitherto supposed.
","largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00560-1","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Kenyon, N.H., Akhmetzhanov, A., and Twichell, D., 2002, Sand wave fields beneath the Loop Current, Gulf of Mexico: Reworking of fan sands: Marine Geology, v. 192, no. 1-3, p. 297-307, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00560-1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"307","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico, Loop Current","volume":"192","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b869ee4b08c986b316040","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kenyon, Neil H.","contributorId":89535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kenyon","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Akhmetzhanov, A.M.","contributorId":97674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akhmetzhanov","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024273,"text":"70024273 - 2002 - Impacts of off-road vehicles on nitrogen cycles in biological soil crusts: Resistance in different U.S. deserts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T16:02:36","indexId":"70024273","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of off-road vehicles on nitrogen cycles in biological soil crusts: Resistance in different U.S. deserts","docAbstract":"Biological soil crusts are an important component of desert ecosystems, as they influence soil stability and fertility. This study examined and compared the short-term vehicular impacts on lichen cover and nitrogenase activity (NA) of biological soil crusts. Experimental disturbance was applied to different types of soil in regions throughout the western U.S. (Great Basin, Colorado Plateau, Sonoran, Chihuahuan, and Mojave deserts). Results show that pre-disturbance cover of soil lichens is significantly correlated with the silt content of soils, and negatively correlated with sand and clay. While disturbance appeared to reduce NA at all sites, differences were statistically significant at only 12 of the 26 sites. Cool desert sites showed a greater decline than hot desert sites, which may indicate non-heterocystic cyanobacterial species are more susceptible to disturbance than non-heterocystic species. Sandy soils showed greater reduction of NA as sand content increased, while fine-textured soils showed a greater decline as sand content increased. At all sites, higher NA before the disturbance resulted in less impact to NA post-disturbance. These results may be useful in predicting the impacts of off-road vehicles in different regions and different soils.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/jare.2002.0991","usgsCitation":"Belnap, J., 2002, Impacts of off-road vehicles on nitrogen cycles in biological soil crusts: Resistance in different U.S. deserts: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 52, no. 2, p. 155-165, https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.2002.0991.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"165","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38f1e4b0c8380cd61748","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70024261,"text":"70024261 - 2002 - Long-term evolution of biodegradation and volatilization rates in a crude oil-contaminated aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T07:38:48","indexId":"70024261","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1042,"text":"Bioremediation Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term evolution of biodegradation and volatilization rates in a crude oil-contaminated aquifer","docAbstract":"Volatilization and subsequent biodegradation near the water Table make up a coupled natural attenuation pathway that results in significant mass loss of hydrocarbons. Rates of biodegradation and volatilization were documented twice 12 years apart at a crude-oil spill site near Bemidji, Minnesota. Biodegradation rates were determined by calibrating a gas transport model to O2, CO2, and CH4 gas-concentration data in the unsaturated zone. Reaction stoichiometry was assumed in converting O2 and CO2 gas-flux estimates to rates of aerobic biodegradation and CH4 gas-flux estimates to rates of methanogenesis. Model results indicate that the coupled pathway has resulted in significant hydrocarbon mass loss at the site, and it was estimated that approximately 10.52 kg/day were lost in 1985 and 1.99 kg/day in 1997. In 1985 3% of total volatile hydrocarbons diffusing from the floating oil were biodegraded in the lower 1 m of the unsaturated zone and increased to 52% by 1997. Rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation above the center of the floating oil were relatively stable from 1985 to 1997, as the primary metabolic pathway shifted from aerobic to methanogenic biodegradation. Model results indicate that in 1997 biodegradation under methanogenenic conditions represented approximately one-half of total hydrocarbon biodegradation in the lower 1 m of the unsaturated zone. Further downgradient, where substrate concentrations have greatly increased, total biodegradation rates increased by greater than an order of magnitude from 0.04 to 0.43 g/m2-day. It appears that volatilization is the primary mechanism for attenuation in early stages of plume evolution, while biodegradation dominates in later stages.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/10889860290777594","issn":"10889868","usgsCitation":"Chaplin, B., Delin, G., Baker, R., and Lahvis, M., 2002, Long-term evolution of biodegradation and volatilization rates in a crude oil-contaminated aquifer: Bioremediation Journal, v. 6, no. 3, p. 237-255, https://doi.org/10.1080/10889860290777594.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"255","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269729,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10889860290777594"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a498ee4b0c8380cd686ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaplin, B.P.","contributorId":22532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaplin","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, R.J.","contributorId":85915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lahvis, M.A.","contributorId":96029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahvis","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024247,"text":"70024247 - 2002 - Valley floor climate observations from the McMurdo dry valleys, Antarctica, 1986-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:59","indexId":"70024247","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Valley floor climate observations from the McMurdo dry valleys, Antarctica, 1986-2000","docAbstract":"Climate observations from the McMurdo dry valleys, East Antarctica are presented from a network of seven valley floor automatic meteorological stations during the period 1986 to 2000. Mean annual temperatures ranged from -14.8??C to -30.0??C, depending on the site and period of measurement. Mean annual relative humidity is generally highest near the coast. Mean annual wind speed increases with proximity to the polar plateau. Site-to-site variation in mean annual solar flux and PAR is due to exposure of each station and changes over time are likely related to changes in cloudiness. During the nonsummer months, strong katabatic winds are frequent at some sites and infrequent at others, creating large variation in mean annual temperature owing to the warming effect of the winds. Katabatic wind exposure appears to be controlled to a large degree by the presence of colder air in the region that collects at low points and keeps the warm less dense katabatic flow from the ground. The strong influence of katabatic winds makes prediction of relative mean annual temperature based on geographical position (elevation and distance from the coast) alone, not possible. During the summer months, onshore winds dominate and warm as they progress through the valleys creating a strong linear relationship (r2 = 0.992) of increasing potential temperature with distance from the coast (0.09??C km-1). In contrast to mean annual temperature, summer temperature lends itself quite well to model predictions, and is used to construct a statistical model for predicting summer dry valley temperatures at unmonitored sites. Copyright 2002 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2001JD002045","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Doran, P., McKay, C., Clow, G., Dana, G., Fountain, A.G., Nylen, T., and Lyons, W., 2002, Valley floor climate observations from the McMurdo dry valleys, Antarctica, 1986-2000: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 107, no. 24, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD002045.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207157,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JD002045"},{"id":231845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc107e4b08c986b32a41a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doran, P.T.","contributorId":52347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKay, C.P.","contributorId":41122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clow, G.D.","contributorId":46112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dana, G.L.","contributorId":31941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dana","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fountain, A. G.","contributorId":29815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fountain","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nylen, T.","contributorId":44701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nylen","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lyons, W.B.","contributorId":71319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70161981,"text":"70161981 - 2002 - Natural history notes: Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta (Black rat snake). Predation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T12:48:40","indexId":"70161981","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural history notes: Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta (Black rat snake). Predation","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","usgsCitation":"Smith, K.G., Waldron, J.L., and Barichivich, W.J., 2002, Natural history notes: Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta (Black rat snake). Predation: Herpetological Review, v. 33, p. 213-214.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"214","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314141,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e04ae4b039675d005e42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Kimberly G.","contributorId":47720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waldron, J. L.","contributorId":66644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldron","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barichivich, William J. 0000-0003-1103-6861 wbarichivich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1103-6861","contributorId":3697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barichivich","given":"William","email":"wbarichivich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024260,"text":"70024260 - 2002 - CPT site characterization for seismic hazards in the New Madrid seismic zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T16:56:09.621413","indexId":"70024260","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"CPT site characterization for seismic hazards in the New Madrid seismic zone","docAbstract":"A series of cone penetration tests (CPTs) were conducted in the vicinity of the New Madrid seismic zone in central USA for quantifying seismic hazards, obtaining geotechnical soil properties, and conducting studies at liquefaction sites related to the 1811–1812 and prehistoric New Madrid earthquakes. The seismic piezocone provides four independent measurements for delineating the stratigraphy, liquefaction potential, and site amplification parameters. At the same location, two independent assessments of soil liquefaction susceptibility can be made using both the normalized tip resistance (qc1N) and shear wave velocity (Vs1). In lieu of traditional deterministic approaches, the CPT data can be processed using probability curves to assess the level and likelihood of future liquefaction occurrence.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00118-5","usgsCitation":"Liao, T., Mayne, P.W., Tuttle, M., Schweig, E., and Van Arsdale, R., 2002, CPT site characterization for seismic hazards in the New Madrid seismic zone: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 22, no. 9-12, p. 943-950, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00118-5.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"943","endPage":"950","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232072,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Missouri, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"New Madrid seismic zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.8349609375,\n 35.02999636902566\n ],\n [\n -88.681640625,\n 35.02999636902566\n ],\n [\n -88.681640625,\n 36.914764288955936\n ],\n [\n -90.8349609375,\n 36.914764288955936\n ],\n [\n -90.8349609375,\n 35.02999636902566\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"9-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2e2e4b0c8380cd4b46a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liao, T.","contributorId":31943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liao","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayne, P. 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Prior experimental evidence from the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) indicating the acute embryonic sensitivity of at least four amphibian species to UV-B has been central to the literature about amphibian decline. However, these results have not been expanded to address population-scale effects and natural landscape variation in UV-B transparency of water at amphibian breeding sites: both necessary links to assess the importance of UV-B for amphibian declines. We quantified the UV-B transparency of 136 potential amphibian breeding sites to establish the pattern of UV-B exposure across two montane regions in the PNW. Our data suggest that 85% of sites are naturally protected by dissolved organic matter in pond water, and that only a fraction of breeding sites are expected to experience UV-B intensities exceeding levels associated with elevated egg mortality. Thus, the spectral characteristics of natural waters likely mediate the physiological effects of UV-B on amphibian eggs in all but the clearest waters. These data imply that UV-B is unlikely to cause broad amphibian declines across the landscape of the American Northwest.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2951:OCONWP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Palen, W.J., Schindler, D.E., Adams, M.J., Pearl, C., Bury, R.B., and Diamond, S.A., 2002, Optical characteristics of natural waters protect amphibians from UV-B in the U.S. Pacific Northwest: Ecology, v. 83, no. 11, p. 2951-2957, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2951:OCONWP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2951","endPage":"2957","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.34374999999999,\n 45.19752230305682\n ],\n [\n -123.33251953125,\n 43.43696596521823\n ],\n [\n -123.00292968749999,\n 42.06560675405716\n ],\n [\n -122.87109375,\n 41.261291493919884\n ],\n [\n -122.10205078125,\n 40.763901280945866\n ],\n [\n -121.4208984375,\n 40.93011520598305\n ],\n [\n -121.06933593749999,\n 41.19518982948959\n ],\n [\n -121.83837890625,\n 42.19596877629178\n ],\n [\n -121.640625,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -121.09130859375,\n 45.19752230305682\n ],\n [\n -121.06933593749999,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -121.4208984375,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -122.34374999999999,\n 45.19752230305682\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"83","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aefe4b07f02db6913cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palen, Wendy J.","contributorId":69513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palen","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schindler, David E.","contributorId":60598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schindler","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, M. 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Further evidence is needed to better understand these patterns, and perhaps contribute to a useful predictive theory of invasions. We reviewed the case of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)invasions in the western United States and their impacts on native cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki). Unlike many biological invasions, a considerable body of empirical research on brook trout and cutthroat trout is available. We reviewed life histories of each species, brook trout invasions, their impacts on cutthroat trout, and patterns and causes of segregation between brook trout and cutthroat trout. We considered four stages of the invasion process: transport, establishment, spread, and impacts to native species. Most of the research we found focused on impacts. Interspecific interactions, especially competition, were commonly investigated and cited as impacts of brook trout. In many cases it is not clear if brook trout invasions have a measurable impact. Studies of species distributions in the field and a variety of experiments suggest invasion success of brook trout is associated with environmental factors, including temperature, landscape structure, habitat size, stream flow, and human influences. Research on earlier stages of brook trout invasions (transport, establishment, and spread) is relatively limited, but has provided promising insights. Management alternatives for controlling brook trout invasions are limited, and actions to control brook trout focus on direct removal, which is variably successful and can have adverse effects on native species. The management applicability of research has been confounded by the complexity of the problem and by a focus on understanding processes at smaller scales, but not on predicting patterns at larger scales. In the short-term, an improved predictive understanding of brook trout invasions could prove to be most useful, even if processes are incompletely understood. A stronger connection between research and management is needed to identify more effective alternatives for controlling brook trout invasions and for identifying management priorities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1023/A:1025338203702","usgsCitation":"Dunham, J.B., Adams, S.B., Schroeter, R., and Novinger, D.C., 2002, Alien invasions in aquatic ecosystems: Toward an understanding of brook trout invasions and potential impacts on inland cutthroat trout in western North America: Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, v. 12, no. 4, p. 373-391, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025338203702.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"391","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"western United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.0517578125,\n 32.10118973232094\n ],\n [\n -103.18359375,\n 37.26530995561875\n ],\n [\n -104.150390625,\n 41.57436130598913\n ],\n [\n -104.1064453125,\n 49.095452162534826\n ],\n [\n -123.26660156249999,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -123.31054687499999,\n 48.25394114463431\n ],\n [\n -125.1123046875,\n 48.45835188280866\n ],\n [\n -124.1015625,\n 46.40756396630067\n ],\n [\n -124.49707031249999,\n 42.94033923363181\n ],\n [\n -124.3212890625,\n 41.1455697310095\n ],\n [\n -124.49707031249999,\n 40.245991504199026\n ],\n [\n -123.6181640625,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -122.56347656249999,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -121.86035156249999,\n 36.24427318493909\n ],\n [\n -120.7177734375,\n 35.02999636902566\n ],\n [\n -120.7177734375,\n 34.34343606848294\n ],\n [\n -119.39941406249999,\n 33.137551192346145\n ],\n [\n -117.24609374999999,\n 32.62087018318113\n ],\n [\n -114.60937499999999,\n 32.62087018318113\n ],\n [\n -110.7861328125,\n 31.240985378021307\n ],\n [\n -108.1494140625,\n 31.353636941500987\n ],\n [\n -108.10546875,\n 31.690781806136822\n ],\n [\n -106.61132812499999,\n 31.80289258670676\n ],\n [\n -106.5673828125,\n 32.0639555946604\n ],\n [\n -103.0517578125,\n 32.10118973232094\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6880ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunham, Jason B. 0000-0002-6268-0633 jdunham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":147808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason","email":"jdunham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Susan B.","contributorId":91065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schroeter, Robert","contributorId":33675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeter","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Novinger, Douglas C.","contributorId":37696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novinger","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1016379,"text":"1016379 - 2002 - Treatment effects on performance of N-fixing lichens in disturbed crusts of the Colorado Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T14:13:00","indexId":"1016379","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Treatment effects on performance of N-fixing lichens in disturbed crusts of the Colorado Plateau","docAbstract":"Biological soil crusts arrest soil erosion and supply nitrogen to arid ecosystems. To understand their recovery from disturbance, we studied performances of Collema spp. lichens relative to four experimental treatments plus microtopography of soil pedicels, oriented north-northwest to south-southeast in crusts. At sites in Needles (NDLS) and Island in the Sky (ISKY) districts of Canyonlands National Park, lichens were transplanted to NNW, SSE, ENE, WSW, and TOP pedicel faces and exposed to a full-factorial, randomized block experiment with four treatments: nutrient addition (P and K), soil stabilization with polyacrylamide resin (PAM), added cyanobacterial fiber, and biweekly watering.
After 14.5 mo (NDLS) and 24 mo (ISKY), both visual rankings of lichen condition and measures of chlorophyll fluorescence were generally higher at ISKY than on more fertile but less stable soils at NDLS. On ENE and NNW pedicel faces, both these values and nitrogenase activity (NDLS only) exceeded corresponding values on WSW and SSE faces. Treatment effects were site specific and largely negative at NDLS; both nutrient and cyanobacterial addition led to poorer lichen condition, and added nutrients led to reduced fluorescence. Responses to nutrients may have been mediated partly by disturbance of unstable soils and by competition with cyanobacteria.
In a separate experiment investigating recruitment responses to adding fungal spores or Nostoc cells, rates of Collema establishment responded significantly to the former but not the latter. Low establishment overall suggests that natural recruitment may occur mainly from iscidia or thallus fragments, not spores.
Measured simultaneously on artificial soil pedicels at NDLS and ISKY, both deposition and erosion declined at NDLS across the four pedicel microaspects as: WSW > SSE > NNW > ENE (or ENE > NNW), during fall and spring trials. Patterns were similar at ISKY, but WSW ≈ SSE for spring deposition, and deposition did not differ by microaspect in fall. Greater deposition at ISKY, despite higher abundance of cyanobacteria, may be explained by stronger wind velocities.
Together, microtopographic differences in erosion, microclimate, and nutrient regimes help explain variable lichen performance, but microtopography influenced lichen performance more consistently than did any treatment. Demonstrated effects of pedicel development in crust recovery concur with prior surveys showing greatest microbial biomass and/or cover on ENE and NNW exposures at various spatial scales.
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