{"pageNumber":"3008","pageRowStart":"75175","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184656,"records":[{"id":70024383,"text":"70024383 - 2002 - Sources of terrestrially-derived organic carbon in lower Mississippi River and Louisiana shelf sediments: Implications for differential sedimentation and transport at the coastal margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024383","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of terrestrially-derived organic carbon in lower Mississippi River and Louisiana shelf sediments: Implications for differential sedimentation and transport at the coastal margin","docAbstract":"In this study, we examined the temporal and spatial variability of terrestrial organic carbon sources in lower Mississippi River and Louisiana shelf sediments (during 11 cruises over a 22-month period) to further understand the sorting dynamics and selective transport of vascular plant materials within the primary dispersal system of the river. Bulk ??13C values in lower river sediments ranged from -21.90??? to -24.64??? (mean=-23.20??1.09???), these values were generally more depleted than those found in shelf sediments (-22.5??? to -21.2???). The ??8 (??8 = sum of vanillyl, syringyl and cinnamyl phenols produced from the oxidation of 100 mg of organic carbon) values in the lower river ranged from 0.71 to 3.74 (mean = 1.78??0.23). While there was no significant relationship between ??8 and river discharge (p>0.05), the highest value occurred during peak discharge in April 1999-which corresponded to the highest observed C/N value of 17.41. The ??8 values on the shelf ranged from 0.68 to 1.36 (mean = 0.54??0.30) and were significantly lower (p <0.05) than the average value for lower river sediments. The range of S/V (syringyl/vanillyl) and C/V (cinnamyl/vanillyl) ratios on the shelf, 0.11 to 0.95 and 0.01 to 0.08, respectively, were similar to that found in the lower river. These low C/V ratios are indicative a mixture of woody and non-woody carbon sources. Recent work by Goni et al. [Nature 389 (1997) 275; Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62 (1998) 3055], which did not include sampling transects within the primary dispersal system of the Mississippi River, showed a non-woody vascular plant signature on the Louisiana shelf. This suggests that riverine-derived woody tissues preferentially settle out of the water column, in the lower river and inner shelf, prior to the selective dispersal of C3 versus C4 non-woody materials in other regions the shelf and slope. This works further demonstrates the importance of differential settlement of particles, sampling location within the dispersal system, and river discharge, when examining biogeochemical cycles in river-dominated margins. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0304-4203(01)00088-3","issn":"03044203","usgsCitation":"Bianchi, T., Mitra, S., and McKee, B., 2002, Sources of terrestrially-derived organic carbon in lower Mississippi River and Louisiana shelf sediments: Implications for differential sedimentation and transport at the coastal margin: Marine Chemistry, v. 77, no. 2-3, p. 211-223, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(01)00088-3.","startPage":"211","endPage":"223","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207195,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(01)00088-3"}],"volume":"77","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9395e4b08c986b31a592","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bianchi, T.S.","contributorId":90500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bianchi","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitra, Siddhartha","contributorId":97608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitra","given":"Siddhartha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12616,"text":"Dept of Geological Sciences, East Carolina University,  Greenville, NC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":401069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKee, B.A.","contributorId":90897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70176903,"text":"70176903 - 2002 - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Toxicity in the Zebrafish Embryo: Local Circulation Failure in the Dorsal Midbrain Is Associated with Increased Apoptosis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-12T14:51:44","indexId":"70176903","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3608,"text":"Toxicological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Toxicity in the Zebrafish Embryo: Local Circulation Failure in the Dorsal Midbrain Is Associated with Increased Apoptosis","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Journals","doi":"10.1093/toxsci/69.1.1","usgsCitation":"Tillitt, D.E., and Papoulias, D.M., 2002, 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Toxicity in the Zebrafish Embryo: Local Circulation Failure in the Dorsal Midbrain Is Associated with Increased Apoptosis: Toxicological Sciences, v. 69, no. 1, p. 1-2, https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/69.1.1.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/69.1.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":329496,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe9946e4b0824b2d14e1a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Papoulias, Diana M. 0000-0002-5106-2469 dpapoulias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-2469","contributorId":2726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papoulias","given":"Diana","email":"dpapoulias@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70195468,"text":"70195468 - 2002 - Geology and land use in the western part of the Gulf Coast coal-bearing region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-16T11:10:01","indexId":"70195468","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5632,"text":"Bureau of Economic Geology (Texas), Miscellaneous Maps","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"MM0041","title":"Geology and land use in the western part of the Gulf Coast coal-bearing region","docAbstract":"<p>This map series is a compilation of the outcrop geology in the U.S. Gulf Coast coal region. The maps show the regional geologic setting for primary coal occurrences and detailed geology and historic mining areas.</p><p>The CD contains ESRI ArcView SHP files of cities, urban areas, historical mines (points and polygons), counties, current mines, 1:100,000 quadrangle outlines of the study area, fossil fuel powerplants, nuclear powerplants, political boundaries, federally managed lands, roads and railroads in the study area, hydrology in the study area (polygons and arcs), geology nomenclature breaks, geological features (faults), and geology. ArcExplorer is included on the CD.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Co-published by the Bureau of Economic Geology (Texas) and the U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"2002, Geology and land use in the western part of the Gulf Coast coal-bearing region: Bureau of Economic Geology (Texas), Miscellaneous Maps MM0041, CD-ROM.","productDescription":"CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":351701,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351700,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://store.beg.utexas.edu/miscellaneous-maps-charts-and-sections/795-mm0041.html"}],"scale":"500000","otherGeospatial":"Gulf coast","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff0ba0e4b0da30c1bfcfad","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":728734,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aubourg, C.E.","contributorId":38187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aubourg","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728735,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hook, R.W.","contributorId":61584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728736,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":3},{"text":"SanFilipo, John R. 0000-0002-8739-5628 jsan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-5628","contributorId":2385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"SanFilipo","given":"John R.","email":"jsan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":728737,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70177899,"text":"70177899 - 2002 - Behavioral measures of environmental stressors in fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-26T10:07:01","indexId":"70177899","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Behavioral measures of environmental stressors in fish","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological indicators of aquatic ecosystem stress ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Little, E.E., 2002, Behavioral measures of environmental stressors in fish, chap. <i>of</i> Biological indicators of aquatic ecosystem stress , p. 431-472.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"431","endPage":"472","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330388,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330387,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fisheries.org/bookstore/all-titles/professional-and-trade/x55037xmp/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5810f469e4b0f497e797d082","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Adams, S. Marshall","contributorId":111620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Marshall","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652082,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Little, Edward E. 0000-0003-0034-3639 elittle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0034-3639","contributorId":1746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"Edward","email":"elittle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70195469,"text":"70195469 - 2002 - Preliminary evaluation of the coalbed methane potential of the Gulf Coastal Plain, USA and Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-16T11:20:15","indexId":"70195469","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Preliminary evaluation of the coalbed methane potential of the Gulf Coastal Plain, USA and Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>Several areas in the Gulf Coast have potential for coalbed gas accumulations. These areas include parts of southern Alabama and Mississippi, north-central Louisiana, northeast, east-central and south Texas and northeastern Mexico. The coal deposits in these areas vary in rank, thickness, lateral extent and gas content, and range in age from Late Cretaceous to Eocene.</p><p>Gas desorption tests conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) on shallow (2,000 ft [609 m]) Paleocene (Wilcox-Midway Groups) coals of southeastern Mississippi indicate that the coalbeds contain some methane. Measured gas contents range from 0 to 19 scf/ton (0.19 to 0.59 cc/g; dry, ash-free) and average about 15 scf/ton (0.5 cc/g). These coals have apparent ranks of lignite to subbituminous (vitrinite reflectance of 0.3 to 0.4% R<sub>omax</sub>) at shallow depths and subbituminous to bituminous (0.5 to 0.6% R<sub>omax</sub>) in the deeper parts of the basin. Adsorption isotherm data indicate that Wilcox Group coals are undersaturated and have methane gas-storage capacities similar to those of the subbituminous coals in the Powder River basin, Wyoming. In the primary areas where Wilcox Group coalbeds are mined and subsurface data are available, net coal thickness ranges from about 10 to 50 ft (3 to 15 m), which is much less than coal thickness in the Powder River basin, which can be 300 ft (91 m).</p><p>Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene-Eocene coals of south Texas and northeastern Mexico are subbituminous to bituminous rank (up to 0.6% R<sub>omax</sub>). Some methane has been produced commercially from thin coal beds (13 ft [4 m] net) and associated sandstone at shallow depths (</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coalbed Methane of North America II","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists","usgsCitation":"Warwick, P.D., Barker, C., and SanFilipo, J., 2002, Preliminary evaluation of the coalbed methane potential of the Gulf Coastal Plain, USA and Mexico, chap. <i>of</i> Coalbed Methane of North America II, p. 99-107.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"107","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":351706,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351702,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/rmag/CBM2/warwick.htm"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Coast","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff0ba0e4b0da30c1bfcfab","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schwochow, S.D.","contributorId":191926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwochow","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728745,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nuccio, V. F.","contributorId":7713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuccio","given":"V. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728746,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":728738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barker, Charles E.","contributorId":93070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"Charles E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"SanFilipo, John R. 0000-0002-8739-5628 jsan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-5628","contributorId":2385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"SanFilipo","given":"John R.","email":"jsan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":728740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023896,"text":"70023896 - 2002 - Behavioral effects of environmental enrichment on harbor seals (Phoca vitulina concolor) and gray seals (Halichoerus grypus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70023896","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3807,"text":"Zoo Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavioral effects of environmental enrichment on harbor seals (Phoca vitulina concolor) and gray seals (Halichoerus grypus)","docAbstract":"Zoos and aquariums have been incorporating environmental enrichment into their animal care programs for the past 30 years to increase mental stimulation and promote natural behaviors. However, most attempts to document the effects of enrichment on animal behavior have focused on terrestrial mammals. Staff at the National Aquarium in Baltimore conducted an investigation of the behavioral effects of enrichment on the seven harbor seals and two gray seals housed in the aquarium's outdoor seal exhibit. We expected that enrichment would change the amount of time the animals spent engaged in specific behaviors. The behaviors recorded were: resting in water, resting hauled out, maintenance, breeding display, breeding behavior, aggression, pattern swimming, random swimming, exploration, and out of sight. Activity levels (random swimming and exploration) were expected to increase, while stereotypic behaviors (pattern swimming) were expected to decrease. The frequency and duration of behaviors were documented for 90 hr in both the control phase (without enrichment) and the experimental phase (with enrichment). Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in the time spent in pattern swimming, random swimming, exploration, and out of sight were observed between the two phases. With enrichment, pattern swimming and out of sight decreased, while random swimming and exploration behavior increased. These findings demonstrate that enrichment can promote behaviors (random swimming and exploration) that are likely to be normal for phocids in the wild, and that may contribute to the behavioral complexity of these seals in captivity. ?? 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Zoo Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/zoo.10042","issn":"07333188","usgsCitation":"Hunter, S., Bay, M.S., Martin, M.L., and Hatfield, J., 2002, Behavioral effects of environmental enrichment on harbor seals (Phoca vitulina concolor) and gray seals (Halichoerus grypus): Zoo Biology, v. 21, no. 4, p. 375-387, https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.10042.","startPage":"375","endPage":"387","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207146,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.10042"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0a6e4b0c8380cd4a828","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, S. A.","contributorId":95181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunter","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bay, M. S.","contributorId":103391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bay","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, M. L.","contributorId":76048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":41372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023848,"text":"70023848 - 2002 - Measurement of the bed material of gravel-bed rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70023848","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Measurement of the bed material of gravel-bed rivers","docAbstract":"The measurement of the physical properties of a gravel-bed river is important in the calculation of sediment transport and physical habitat values for aquatic animals. These properties are not always easy to measure. One recent report on flushing of fines from the Klamath River did not contain information on one location because the grain size distribution of the armour could not be measured on a dry river bar. The grain size distribution could have been measured using a barrel sampler and converting the measurements to the same as would have been measured if a dry bar existed at the site. In another recent paper the porosity was calculated from an average value relation from the literature. The results of that paper may be sensitive to the actual value of porosity. Using the bulk density sampling technique based on a water displacement process presented in this paper the porosity could have been calculated from the measured bulk density. The principle topics of this paper are the measurement of the size distribution of the armour, and measurement of the porosity of the substrate. The 'standard' method of sampling of the armour is to do a Wolman-type count of the armour on a dry section of the river bed. When a dry bar does not exist the armour in an area of the wet streambed is to sample and the measurements transformed analytically to the same type of results that would have been obtained from the standard Wolman procedure. A comparison of the results for the San Miguel River in Colorado shows significant differences in the median size of the armour. The method use to determine the porosity is not 'high-tech' and there is a need improve knowledge of the porosity because of the importance of porosity in the aquatic ecosystem. The technique is to measure the in-situ volume of a substrate sample by measuring the volume of a frame over the substrate and then repeated the volume measurement after the sample is obtained from within the frame. The difference in the volumes is the volume of the sample.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods 2002","conferenceDate":"28 July 2002 through 1 August 2002","conferenceLocation":"Estes Park, CO","language":"English","isbn":"0784406553","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R., 2002, Measurement of the bed material of gravel-bed rivers, <i>in</i> Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods, Estes Park, CO, 28 July 2002 through 1 August 2002, p. 470-486.","startPage":"470","endPage":"486","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a531ce4b0c8380cd6c8a5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.","contributorId":128321,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.","id":536514,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, R.T.","contributorId":106845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024902,"text":"70024902 - 2002 - Modelling postfledging survival and age- specific breeding probabilities in species with delayed maturity: A case study of Roseate Terns at Falkner Island, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70024902","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2173,"text":"Journal of Applied Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling postfledging survival and age- specific breeding probabilities in species with delayed maturity: A case study of Roseate Terns at Falkner Island, Connecticut","docAbstract":"We modelled postfledging survival and age-specific breeding probabilities in endangered Roseate Terns (Sterna dougallii) at Falkner Island, Connecticut, USA using capture-recapture data from 1988-1998 of birds ringed as chicks and as adults. While no individuals bred as 2-year-olds during this period, about three-quarters of the young that survived and returned as 3-year-olds nested, and virtually all surviving birds had begun breeding by the time they reached 5 years of age. We found no evidence of temporal variation age of first breeding of birds from different cohorts. There was significant temporal variation in the annual survival of adults and the survival over the typical 3-year maturation period of prebreeding birds, with extremely low values for both groups from the 1991 breeding season. The estimated overwinter survival rate (0.62) for adults from 1991-1992 was about three-quarters the usual rate of about 0.83, but the low survival of fledglings from 1991 resulted in less than 25% of the otherwise expected number of young from that cohort returning as breeding birds; this suggests that fledglings suffered a greater proportional decrease in survival than did adults. The survival estimates of young from 1989 and 1990 show that these cohorts were not negatively influenced by the events that decimated the young from 1991, and the young from 1992 and 1993 had above-average survival estimates. The apparent decrease since 1996 in development of fidelity of new recruits to this site is suspected to be due mainly to nocturnal disturbance and predation of chicks causing low productivity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/02664760120108764","issn":"02664763","usgsCitation":"Spendelow, J., Nichols, J., Hines, J., Lebreton, J., and Pradel, R., 2002, Modelling postfledging survival and age- specific breeding probabilities in species with delayed maturity: A case study of Roseate Terns at Falkner Island, Connecticut: Journal of Applied Statistics, v. 29, no. 1-4, p. 385-405, https://doi.org/10.1080/02664760120108764.","startPage":"385","endPage":"405","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207963,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02664760120108764"},{"id":233287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c70e4b0c8380cd6fcc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spendelow, J. A. 0000-0001-8167-0898","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8167-0898","contributorId":72478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spendelow","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lebreton, J.D.","contributorId":104186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lebreton","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pradel, R.","contributorId":85692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pradel","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023845,"text":"70023845 - 2002 - American lifelines alliance efforts to improve electric power transmission reliability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70023845","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"American lifelines alliance efforts to improve electric power transmission reliability","docAbstract":"A study was performed on American Lifelines Alliance (ALA) efforts to improve electric power transmission reliability. ALA is a public-private partnership project, with the goal of reducing risks to lifelines from natural hazards and human threat events. The mechanism used by ALA for developing national guidelines for lifeline systems is dependent upon using existing Standards Developing Organizations (SDO) accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) as means to achieve national consensus.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Conference: Electrical Transmission in a New Age","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Conference: Electrical Transmission in a New Age","conferenceDate":"9 September 2002 through 9 December 2002","conferenceLocation":"Omaha, NE","language":"English","isbn":"0784406421","usgsCitation":"Nishenko, S., Savage, W., Honegger, D., and McLane, T., 2002, American lifelines alliance efforts to improve electric power transmission reliability, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Conference: Electrical Transmission in a New Age, Omaha, NE, 9 September 2002 through 9 December 2002, p. 403-410.","startPage":"403","endPage":"410","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9b4e4b0c8380cd483d1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jackman D.E.Jackman D.E.","contributorId":128311,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Jackman D.E.Jackman D.E.","id":536513,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Nishenko, S.P.","contributorId":8072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishenko","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, W.U.","contributorId":25258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Honegger, D.G.","contributorId":17401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honegger","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLane, T.R.","contributorId":101848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLane","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023847,"text":"70023847 - 2002 - Topographic stress perturbations in southern Davis Mountains, west Texas 2. Hydrogeologic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T22:35:07.687181","indexId":"70023847","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Topographic stress perturbations in southern Davis Mountains, west Texas 2. Hydrogeologic implications","docAbstract":"<p><span>As part of a regional groundwater investigation, geophysical logs were obtained in two municipal water wells located near the west Texas city of Alpine. These boreholes are 252 and 285 m deep and penetrate extrusive rocks of Tertiary age. The deeper well was drilled in the central valley and the other along the northern flank of an east-west trending valley-ridge setting. Analysis and interpretation of the logs reveal that the two wells are subjected to significantly different stress environments because of topographic effects and exhibit significantly different hydrogeologic properties. Water production is associated with two specific types of features common to both wells: (1) the upper and lower contacts of a dense trachyte unit located in the shallow part of the wells and (2) deeper zones of highly fractured rocks within the interior of a basalt formation. The transmissivity of the trachyte boundaries is twice as large in the central valley well as it is in the ridge flank well, whereas the transmissivity of the deeper basalts is an order of magnitude greater in the flank well than it is in the central well. This discrepancy is examined from the perspective of rock failure, fracture opening, and flow enhancement by computing values for a Drucker-Prager stability factor that is based on the magnitudes of the normal and deviatoric stress invariants as a function of depth. Thus the field measurements and subsequent stress analysis offer evidence of a coupled tectonic-hydrologic interaction at this site.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000488","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.H., and Savage, W.Z., 2002, Topographic stress perturbations in southern Davis Mountains, west Texas 2. Hydrogeologic implications: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B12, p. ETG 6-1-ETG 6-10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000488.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"ETG 6-1","endPage":"ETG 6-10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"southern Davis Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.0899658203125,\n              30.016787209111047\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.590087890625,\n              30.016787209111047\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.590087890625,\n              30.458144351018078\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.0899658203125,\n              30.458144351018078\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.0899658203125,\n              30.016787209111047\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb4dce4b08c986b3265b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, R. H.","contributorId":31794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, W. Z.","contributorId":106481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70177767,"text":"70177767 - 2002 - Palila (<i>Loxioides bailleui</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:07:34","indexId":"70177767","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":161,"text":"Birds of North America","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"No. 679","title":"Palila (<i>Loxioides bailleui</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>One of the last surviving of the extraordinary “finch-billed” Hawaiian honeycreepers (Drepanidinae), the Palila epitomizes specialization for seed-eating as it relies almost entirely on immature (soft) seeds, flowers, and other resources produced or supported by mämane (</span><i class=\"SciName\">Sophora chrysophylla</i><span>: Fabaceae), an endemic dry-forest tree. Mämane seeds are highly nutritious, but a strong, sharp bill is necessary to remove and rip open the tough, fibrous pods that protect them. In addition, the seeds contain high levels of potentially toxic secondary compounds, which may also explain why they are eaten by so few other native or alien species. The Palila's close association with mämane influences not only its foraging behavior but also its distribution, abundance, dispersal, and breeding ecology. Like most drepanidines, the Palila produces small clutches, usually only 2 eggs. However, Palila embryos and chicks develop slowly, so eggs and nestlings are threatened by storms and predators for a longer time than many other small passerine species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cornell Lab of Ornithology","publisherLocation":"Ithaca","doi":"10.2173/bna.679","usgsCitation":"Banko, P.C., Johnson, L., Lindsey, G.D., Fancy, S.G., Pratt, T.K., Jacobi, J., and Banko, W.E., 2002, Palila (<i>Loxioides bailleui</i>): Birds of North America No. 679, https://doi.org/10.2173/bna.679.","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330261,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5809d7c5e4b0f497e78fca89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banko, Paul C. 0000-0002-6035-9803 pbanko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-9803","contributorId":3179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"Paul","email":"pbanko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Luanne","contributorId":140108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Luanne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13385,"text":"University of Hawaii at Hilo Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindsey, Gerald D.","contributorId":102534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fancy, Steven G.","contributorId":176135,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fancy","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pratt, Thane K. tkpratt@usgs.gov","contributorId":5495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thane","email":"tkpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jacobi, James","contributorId":21073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobi","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Banko, Winston E.","contributorId":99200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"Winston","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70023918,"text":"70023918 - 2002 - Velocity and Sediment Concentration Measurements over Bedforms in Sand-Bed Rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70023918","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Velocity and Sediment Concentration Measurements over Bedforms in Sand-Bed Rivers","docAbstract":"Bedforms often are present on the bed of alluvial sand-bed rivers. Bedforms, such as dunes, impact the flow field. In this field study, velocity and suspended-sediment concentration measurements were made longitudinally along a dune field in large (5-15 meters deep) alluvial sand-bed rivers. The velocity and suspended-sediment concentration data was collected using an acoustic Doppler current profiler, acoustic Doppler velocimeters, an optical backscatter sensor, and, two sediment intakes. This paper presents a description of these measurement devices and techniques for the collection of this data. Some preliminary results observed at the Missouri River at St. Charles, Missouri are presented.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods 2002","conferenceDate":"28 July 2002 through 1 August 2002","conferenceLocation":"Estes Park, CO","language":"English","isbn":"0784406553","usgsCitation":"Holmes, R., and Garcia, M., 2002, Velocity and Sediment Concentration Measurements over Bedforms in Sand-Bed Rivers, <i>in</i> Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods, Estes Park, CO, 28 July 2002 through 1 August 2002, p. 401-409.","startPage":"401","endPage":"409","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc1f3e4b08c986b32a843","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.","contributorId":128321,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.","id":536521,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Robert R. Jr. 0000-0002-5060-3999","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":70429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garcia, M.H.","contributorId":45079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024898,"text":"70024898 - 2002 - Did Nile flooding sink two ancient cities?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70024898","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Did Nile flooding sink two ancient cities?","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/415037a","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Said, R., 2002, Did Nile flooding sink two ancient cities?: Nature, v. 415, no. 6867, p. 37-38, https://doi.org/10.1038/415037a.","startPage":"37","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207921,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/415037a"},{"id":233216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"415","issue":"6867","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00b6e4b0c8380cd4f88d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Said, R.","contributorId":71356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Said","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70171431,"text":"70171431 - 2002 - Diversion of meltwater from Kautz Glacier initiates small debris flows near Van Trump Park, Mount Rainier, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T11:10:02","indexId":"70171431","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5080,"text":"Washington Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diversion of meltwater from Kautz Glacier initiates small debris flows near Van Trump Park, Mount Rainier, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Washington Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Vallance, J.W., Driedger, C.L., and Scott, W.E., 2002, Diversion of meltwater from Kautz Glacier initiates small debris flows near Van Trump Park, Mount Rainier, Washington: Washington Geology, v. 30, no. 1/2, p. 17-19.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323978,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"1/2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913b5e4b07657d19ff015","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vallance, James W. 0000-0002-3083-5469 jvallance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5469","contributorId":547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallance","given":"James","email":"jvallance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driedger, Carolyn L. 0000-0002-4011-4112 driedger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4011-4112","contributorId":537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driedger","given":"Carolyn","email":"driedger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008321,"text":"1008321 - 2002 - Survival of Columbian white-tailed deer in western Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-29T15:20:15","indexId":"1008321","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of Columbian white-tailed deer in western Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>Columbian white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus leucurus; CWTD) are an endangered subspecies on which little demographic information exists. We determined survival rates and causes of mortality for 64 radiocol- lared adults from 1996 to 1998, and for 63 radiocollared neonatal fawns during the summer and fall months of 1996-2001 in Douglas County, Oregon, USA. Annual adult survival rates averaged 0.74 over 3 years, and most mor- tality (73%) occurred between fall and winter. Seasonal survival was lowest (0.75) for the fall-winter 1997-1998, and was 20.90 during all spring-summer periods. Annual and seasonal survival rates did not differ by gender. Average annual survival was 0.77 for deer in wildland areas compared with 0.66 for deer in suburban areas, but these dif- ferences were not consistent between years and seasons. Survival over the entire 3-year study was low (0.38). Eight deer died from a combination of emaciation and disease, and almost all (92%) necropsied deer were in poor body condition. Fawn survival to 7 months was low (0.14, 95% CI = 0.02-0.26) and declined most rapidly during the first 1.5 months of life. Predation (n = 21) and abandonment (n = 6) were the most frequent known causes of death for fawns. Our results suggest that CWTD may have responded to density-dependent factors during this short-term study, although the effects of other environmental or intrinsic factors cannot be ignored. Fawn survival may be insufficient to produce enough recruits for population growth and eventual range expansion.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802958","usgsCitation":"Ricca, M.A., Anthony, R., Jackson, D.H., and Wolfe, S.A., 2002, Survival of Columbian white-tailed deer in western Oregon: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 66, no. 4, p. 1255-1266, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802958.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1255","endPage":"1266","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6881b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ricca, Mark A. mark_ricca@usgs.gov","contributorId":2400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ricca","given":"Mark","email":"mark_ricca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":317391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anthony, Robert G.","contributorId":61324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Robert G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, Dewaine H.","contributorId":175029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"Dewaine","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolfe, Scott A.","contributorId":175030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolfe","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023856,"text":"70023856 - 2002 - The 1999 eruption of Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska: Monitoring a distant eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023856","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1999 eruption of Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska: Monitoring a distant eruption","docAbstract":"Shishaldin Volcano, in the central Aleutian volcanic arc, became seismically restless during the summer of 1998. Increasing unrest was monitored using a newly installed seismic network, weather satellites, and rare local visual observations. The unrest culminated in large eruptions on 19 April and 22-23 April 1999. The opening phase of the 19 April eruption produced a sub-Plinian column that rose to 16 km before rapidly dissipating. About 80 min into the 19 April event we infer that the eruption style transitioned to vigorous Strombolian fountaining. Exceptionally vigorous seismic tremor heralded the 23 April eruption, which produced a large thermal anomaly observable by satellite, but only a modest, 6-km-high plume. There are no ground-based visual observations of this eruption; however we infer that there was renewed, vigorous Strombolian fountaining. Smaller low-level ash-rich plumes were produced through the end of May 1999. The lava that erupted was evolved basalt with about 49% SiO2. Subsequent field investigations have been unable to find a distinction between deposits from each of the two major eruptive episodes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00445-002-0225-2","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Nye, C., Keith, T.E., Eichelberger, J., Miller, T.P., McNutt, S., Moran, S., Schneider, D., Dehn, J., and Schaefer, J., 2002, The 1999 eruption of Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska: Monitoring a distant eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 64, no. 8, p. 507-519, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-002-0225-2.","startPage":"507","endPage":"519","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207144,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-002-0225-2"},{"id":231819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba641e4b08c986b320fd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nye, C.J.","contributorId":42734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nye","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keith, T. E. C.","contributorId":11681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eichelberger, J.C.","contributorId":46277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eichelberger","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, T. P.","contributorId":49345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McNutt, S.R.","contributorId":26722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNutt","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moran, S.","contributorId":39972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schneider, D.J.","contributorId":12997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dehn, J.","contributorId":36731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dehn","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schaefer, J.R.","contributorId":48785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70175693,"text":"70175693 - 2002 - Long-term ecosystem studies in Isle Royale, Olympic, and Rocky Mountain National Parks; Noatak National Preserve, and Fraser Experimental Forest; Noatak National Preserve, and Fraser Experimental Forest. Research Report no. 95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T16:07:22","indexId":"70175693","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Long-term ecosystem studies in Isle Royale, Olympic, and Rocky Mountain National Parks; Noatak National Preserve, and Fraser Experimental Forest; Noatak National Preserve, and Fraser Experimental Forest. Research Report no. 95","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Stottlemyer, R., Baron, J., Edmonds, R., Scherbarth, L., and Steltzer, H., 2002, Long-term ecosystem studies in Isle Royale, Olympic, and Rocky Mountain National Parks; Noatak National Preserve, and Fraser Experimental Forest; Noatak National Preserve, and Fraser Experimental Forest. Research Report no. 95, 49 p.","productDescription":"49 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc69e4b03fd6b7d94c67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stottlemyer, R.","contributorId":70320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stottlemyer","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edmonds, R.","contributorId":91807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmonds","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scherbarth, L.","contributorId":15956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scherbarth","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Steltzer, Heidi","contributorId":72735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steltzer","given":"Heidi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024755,"text":"70024755 - 2002 - Selenium biotransformations into proteinaceous forms by foodweb organisms of selenium-laden drainage waters in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024755","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium biotransformations into proteinaceous forms by foodweb organisms of selenium-laden drainage waters in California","docAbstract":"Selenium contamination represents one of the few clear cases where environmental pollution has led to devastation of wildlife populations, most notably in agricultural drainage evaporation and power plant coal-fly ash receiving ponds. Complex biogeochemistry, in particular extensive biotransformations and foodchain transfer, governs Se ecotoxicology and toxicology, for which the mechanism(s) are still elusive. However, total waterborne Se concentration has been widely used as a criterion for regulating and mitigating Se risk in aquatic ecosystems, which does not account for Se biogeochemistry and its site-dependence. There is a need for more reliable indicator(s) that encompass Se ecotoxicity and/or toxicity. Selenomethionine warrants special attention since it simulates Se toxicosis of wildlife in laboratory feeding studies. While low in free selenomethionine, microphytes isolated from Se-laden agricultural evaporation ponds were abundant in proteinaceous selenomethionine. This prompted a more extensive survey of Se speciation in foodchain organisms including microphytes, macroinvertebrates, fish, and bird embryos residing mainly in the agricultural drainage systems of the San Joaquin Valley, California. Total Se in biomass, water-soluble fractions, and protein-rich fractions were measured along with GC-MS analysis of proteinaceous selenomethionine. In all foodchain organisms, water-soluble Se constituted the major fraction of total biomass Se, while proteinaceous Se was a substantial, if not dominant, fraction of the water-soluble Se. In turn, proteinaceous selenomethionine comprised an important fraction of proteinaceous Se. In terms of total biomass Se, an average 1400-fold of Se biomagnification from water to microphytes was observed while subsequent transfer from microphytes to macroinvertebrates exhibited an average of only 1.9-fold. The latter transfer was more consistent and greater in extent for proteinaceous Se and proteinaceous selenomethionine, which is consistent with their importance in foodchain transfer. Proteinaceous Se in the omnivorous carp (Cyprinus carpio) liver also demonstrated a relation to ovarian lesions, while deformed stilt (Himantopus mexicanus) embryo was more abundant in proteinaceous selenomethionine than were normal embryos. Although limited in the number of organisms surveyed, these findings provide an impetus for further field and laboratory feeding studies to substantiate the hypothesis that proteinaceous selenomethionine underlies Se ecotoxicity, which may in turn prove to be a reliable indicator of Se risk in aquatic ecosystems. Copyright ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00261-2","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Spallholz, J., and Hoffman, D.J., 2002, Selenium biotransformations into proteinaceous forms by foodweb organisms of selenium-laden drainage waters in California: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 57, no. 1-2, p. 65-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00261-2.","startPage":"65","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207913,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00261-2"},{"id":233207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ceee4b08c986b3181bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spallholz, J.E.","contributorId":74111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spallholz","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024756,"text":"70024756 - 2002 - Source properties of earthquakes near the Salton Sea triggered by the 16 October 1999 M 7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024756","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source properties of earthquakes near the Salton Sea triggered by the 16 October 1999 M 7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"We analyze the source properties of a sequence of triggered earthquakes that occurred near the Salton Sea in southern California in the immediate aftermath of the M 7.1 Hector Mine earthquake of 16 October 1999. The sequence produced a number of early events that were not initially located by the regional network, including two moderate earthquakes: the first within 30 sec of the P-wave arrival and a second approximately 10 minutes after the mainshock. We use available amplitude and waveform data from these events to estimate magnitudes to be approximately 4.7 and 4.4, respectively, and to obtain crude estimates of their locations. The sequence of small events following the initial M 4.7 earthquake is clustered and suggestive of a local aftershock sequence. Using both broadband TriNet data and analog data from the Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN), we also investigate the spectral characteristics of the M 4.4 event and other triggered earthquakes using empirical Green's function (EGF) analysis. We find that the source spectra of the events are consistent with expectations for tectonic (brittle shear failure) earthquakes, and infer stress drop values of 0.1 to 6 MPa for six M 2.1 to M 4.4 events. The estimated stress drop values are within the range observed for tectonic earthquakes elsewhere. They are relatively low compared to typically observed stress drop values, which is consistent with expectations for faulting in an extensional, high heat flow regime. The results therefore suggest that, at least in this case, triggered earthquakes are associated with a brittle shear failure mechanism. This further suggests that triggered earthquakes may tend to occur in geothermal-volcanic regions because shear failure occurs at, and can be triggered by, relatively low stresses in extensional regimes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120000910","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hough, S., and Kanamori, H., 2002, Source properties of earthquakes near the Salton Sea triggered by the 16 October 1999 M 7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 4, p. 1281-1289, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000910.","startPage":"1281","endPage":"1289","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478724,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140115-154238987","text":"External Repository"},{"id":207914,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000910"},{"id":233208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b933be4b08c986b31a3a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, S. E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":7316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kanamori, H.","contributorId":55438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanamori","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016270,"text":"1016270 - 2002 - Effects of habitat fragmentation on passerine birds breeding in Intermountain shrubsteppe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T15:49:20","indexId":"1016270","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3489,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of habitat fragmentation on passerine birds breeding in Intermountain shrubsteppe","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.<br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Knick, S.T., and Rotenberry, J., 2002, Effects of habitat fragmentation on passerine birds breeding in Intermountain shrubsteppe: Studies in Avian Biology, v. 25, p. 130-140.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"130","endPage":"140","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":15112,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://fresc.usgs.gov/products/papers/1236_Knick.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"2664.000000000000000"},{"id":132980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db61518a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knick, Steven T. 0000-0003-4025-1704 steve_knick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1704","contributorId":159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"Steven","email":"steve_knick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rotenberry, John","contributorId":7670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rotenberry","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70194882,"text":"70194882 - 2002 - Thermocouple psychrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T09:23:56","indexId":"70194882","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5605,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Book Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"seriesNumber":"5.4","chapter":"3.2.3","title":"Thermocouple psychrometry","docAbstract":"<p>Thermocouple psychrometry is a technique that infers the water potential of the liquid phase of a sample from measurements within the vapor phase that is in equilibrium with the sample. The theoretical relation between water potential of the liquid phase and relative humidity of the vapor phase is given by the Kelvin equation</p><p> <span>Ψ&nbsp;</span>= energy/volume = (RT/Vw) ln(p/po) [3.2.3–1]</p><p>where ψ is water potential (sum of matric and osmotic potential, MPa), R is the universal gas constant (8.314 × 10<sup>-6</sup> MJ mol<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>), T is temperature (K), Vw is molar volume of water (1.8 × 10<sup>-5</sup> m<sup>3</sup> mol<sup>-1</sup>), and <i>p/p<sub>o</sub></i> is relative humidity expressed as a fraction where p is actual vapor pressure of air in equilibrium with the liquid phase (MPa) and<i> p<sub>o</sub> </i>is saturation vapor pressure (MPa) at T.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 4 Physical Methods","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2136/sssabookser5.4.c22","isbn":"978-0-89118-893-3","usgsCitation":"Andraski, B.J., and Scanlon, B., 2002, Thermocouple psychrometry, chap. 3.2.3 <i>of</i> Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 4 Physical Methods: Soil Science Society of America Book Series, p. 609-642, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.4.c22.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"609","endPage":"642","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350649,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6c4c9de4b06e28e9cabb32","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Dane, Jacob H.","contributorId":91371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dane","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725874,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Topp, G. Clarke","contributorId":92664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Topp","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Clarke","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725875,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016220,"text":"1016220 - 2002 - Golden eagles in the U.S. and Canada: Status, trends, and conservation challenges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:51","indexId":"1016220","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Golden eagles in the U.S. and Canada: Status, trends, and conservation challenges","docAbstract":"We reviewed the literature to assess status and population trends and to identify mortality\r\nfactors affecting Golden Eagle populations in the U.S. and Canada. Nesting populations in Alaska and Canada are stable, but some nesting populations in the western U.S. have declined. Small but steady declines in the intermountain West have been associated with shrub loss and declining jackrabbit populations; declines in southern California have been attributed to urbanization. Migration counts in the eastern U.S. suggest a decline in Golden Eagles from the 1930s to the early 1970s, with a stable or increasing trend since the early 1970s. No significant trends in migration counts were reported for Golden Eagles in the western U.S. sincet he mid-1980s. Western migration count sites on the continental\r\ndivide in the Rocky Mountains at or just north of the U.S.-Canadian border (49-51??N latitude) show potential to provide information on trends of Golden Eagle populations from Alaska and western Canada. Most eagle mortality is human related. This paper illustrates the need for more effective monitoring of Golden Eagle populations in North America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kochert, M.N., and Steenhof, K., 2002, Golden eagles in the U.S. and Canada: Status, trends, and conservation challenges: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 36, p. 32-40.","productDescription":"p. 32-40","startPage":"32","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a49bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kochert, Michael N. 0000-0002-4380-3298 mkochert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4380-3298","contributorId":3037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kochert","given":"Michael","email":"mkochert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steenhof, Karen karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","contributorId":30585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steenhof","given":"Karen","email":"karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":323758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001891,"text":"1001891 - 2002 - The role of hypothesis testing in wildlife science","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-10T14:23:25.812985","indexId":"1001891","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of hypothesis testing in wildlife science","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.<br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3803159","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., 2002, The role of hypothesis testing in wildlife science: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 66, no. 2, p. 272-276, https://doi.org/10.2307/3803159.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"272","endPage":"276","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640e30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70194935,"text":"70194935 - 2002 - Miscellaneous methods for measuring matric or water potential","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T17:46:49","indexId":"70194935","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5605,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Book Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"seriesNumber":"5.4","chapter":"3.2.4","title":"Miscellaneous methods for measuring matric or water potential","docAbstract":"<p>A variety of techniques to measure matric potential or water potential in the laboratory and in the field are described in this section. The techniques described herein require equilibration of some medium whose matric or water potential can be determined from previous calibration or can be measured directly. Under equilibrium conditions the matric or water potential of the medium is equal to that of the soil. The techniques can be divided into: (i) those that measure matric potential and (ii) those that measure water potential (sum of matric and osmotic potentials). Matric potential is determined when the sensor matrix is in direct contact with the soil, so salts are free to diffuse in or out of the sensor matrix, and the equilibrium measurement therefore reflects matric forces acting on the water. Water potential is determined when the sensor is separated from the soil by a vapor gap, so salts are not free to move in or out of the sensor, and the equilibrium measurement reflects the sum of the matric and osmotic forces acting on the water.</p><p>Seven different techniques are described in this section. Those that measure matric potential include (i) heat dissipation sensors, (ii) electrical resistance sensors, (iii) frequency domain and time domain sensors, and (iv) electro-optical switches. A method that can be used to measure matric potential or water potential is the (v) filter paper method. Techniques that measure water potential include (vi) the Dew Point Potentiameter (Decagon Devices, Inc., Pullman, WA1) (water activity meter) and (vii) vapor equilibration.</p><p>The first four techniques are electronically based methods for measuring matric potential. Heat dissipation sensors and electrical resistance sensors infer matric potential from previously determined calibration relations between sensor heat dissipation or electrical resistance and matric potential. Frequency-domain and timedomain matric potential sensors measure water content, which is related to matric potential of the sensor through calibration. Electro-optical switches measure changes in light transmission through thin, nylon filters as they absorb or desorb water in response to changes in matric potential. Heat dissipation sensors and electrical resistance sensors are used primarily in the field to provide information on matric potential. Frequency domain matric potential sensors are new and have not been widely used. Time domain matric potential sensors and electro-optical switches are new and have not been commercialized. For the fifth technique, filter paper is used as the standard matrix. The filter paper technique measures matric potential when the filter paper is in direct contact with soil or water potential when separated from soil by a vapor gap. The Dew Point Potentiameter calculates water potential from the measured dew point and sample temperature. The vapor equilibration technique involves equilibration of soil samples with salt solutions of known osmotic potential. The filter paper, Dew Point Potentiameter, and vapor equilibration techniques are generally used in the laboratory to measure water potential of disturbed field samples or to measure water potential for water retention functions.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 4 Physical Methods","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2136/sssabookser5.4.c23","isbn":"978-0-89118-893-3","usgsCitation":"Scanlon, B., Andraski, B.J., and Bilskie, J., 2002, Miscellaneous methods for measuring matric or water potential, chap. 3.2.4 <i>of</i> Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 4 Physical Methods: Soil Science Society of America Book Series, p. 643-670, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.4.c23.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"643","endPage":"670","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350815,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7192a7e4b0a9a2e9dbe022","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Dane, Jacob H.","contributorId":91371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dane","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726205,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Topp, G. Clarke","contributorId":92664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Topp","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Clarke","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726206,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bilskie, Jim","contributorId":28529,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bilskie","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024322,"text":"70024322 - 2002 - Estuaries as nurseries for the jacks Caranx ignobilis and Caranx melampygus (Carangidae) in Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024322","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estuaries as nurseries for the jacks Caranx ignobilis and Caranx melampygus (Carangidae) in Hawaii","docAbstract":"Estuaries provide juvenile nursery habitat for many species of fish that inhabit marine environments as adults. In Hawaii, some juvenile Caranx ignobilis and Caranx melampygus occupy estuaries opportunistically before moving to nearshore ocean habitats. This study examined the extent and nature of estuarine habitat available in the lower Hanalei River of Kauai, the relative abundance and distribution of jacks in the estuary, and their diets. Salinity measurements indicated that the upstream extent of saltwater ranged from the mouth to nearly 5 km upriver and was strongly influenced by the variable river discharge. Juvenile jacks between 80 and 310 mm FL were observed on underwater transects over the full range of mixohaline conditions. Hand-operated seine collections produced overall catch rates of ???0.64 fish/haul for each of these species. The two jacks ate much the same spectrum of food items. C. ignobilis was somewhat more piscivorous than C. melampygus, as determined by measures of frequency of predation and number and bulk of prey. Data for length at age, incorporating daily otolith increment counts from these estuarine juveniles and previous counts from non-estuarine specimens, were fitted to a lifetime von Bertalanffy growth model. The results greatly extended the age range of the model and suggested that growth rates were not much different between estuarine and non-estuarine fish. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/ecss.2001.0909","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Smith, G., and Parrish, J., 2002, Estuaries as nurseries for the jacks Caranx ignobilis and Caranx melampygus (Carangidae) in Hawaii: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 55, no. 3, p. 347-359, https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.2001.0909.","startPage":"347","endPage":"359","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207121,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ecss.2001.0909"},{"id":231773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bc1e4b0c8380cd52876","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, G.C.","contributorId":107063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parrish, J.D.","contributorId":63083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}